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Chng 1- Tm hiu v cng ngh lm khun nc ta..............................................

Chng 2- Phn tch sn phm..................................................................................2

Chng 3- Tm hiu v cng ngh p phun.................................................................3

Chng 4- Vt liu p phun........................................................................................5

Gii thiu vt liu Polimer.......................................................................... c tnh ca cc loi nha thng dng......................................................

Chng 5- Gii thiu v phn mm Pro.....................................................................23

Chng 6- Tm hiu v khun....................................................................................32

Cu to chung v cch phn loi............................................................... c im cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca cc loi khun.................

31 38

Chng 7- Tm hiu v my p phun.........................................................................49

Cu to chung............................................................................................. H thng iu khin.................................................................................... Chu k p phun............................................................................................ Thi gian chu kz p phun v cch rt ngn thi gian chu kz. o v iu khin nhit trong qu trnh p phun.

49 60 62 65 68

Chng 8- Thit k khun co nc ch T (T thu)................................................... 69

Cc bc tin hnh thit k....................................................................... Khun p co nc ch T........................................................................... Hot ng ca khun................................................................................

69 76 86

Chng 9- Bo qun khun...................................................................................... 87

KT LUN

Trong phm vi n ca chng em trinh bay bao hm c cc kin thc c bn v thit k mt b khun p phun cho sn phm nha, chng em tm hiu k cc loi ti liu v khun nha v a ra c nhiu { tng c bit l { tng v phn loi cc b khun v v phn loi cc sn phm nha. Qua 16 bc tip cn v thit k mt b khun chng em hon ton c th tip nhn cc nhim v bt kz khi thit k mt b khun nha, c bit trong n ca chng em c cc thy giao cho thit k khun p co nc p dng 16 bc tip cn trn chng em thit k v gia cng mt b khun theo dng yu cu k thut t phay hc khun cho n CNC v qua chng em c c nhng hiu bit su sc v cc phng php mi gia cng khun ni chung v cc sn phm c kh ni ring.

ti THIT K KHUN P NHA CO NC T thu c cc kt qu chnh nh sau:

V kinh t:

Kt qu thc hin ti gip sv c th t thit k v ch to cc b khun phc tp c chnh xc cao, ch ng trong vic thit k v ch to khun.

V x hi:

Vi kt qu thc hin c ca ti, Chng em c th hon thnh tt cc cng vic ti cc c s sn xut khun nha

Chng 1:

TM HIU V CNG NGH LM KHUN NC TA

Lch s pht trin Trc y vic ch to chy v ci ca khun p cc sn phm nha thng c ch to bng cc phng php ct gt truyn thng gp rt nhiu kh khn khi lng khun c hnh dng phc tp. Vic ch to lng khun cn ph thuc nhiu vo trnh ngi th, thi gian ch to khun di v chnh xc lng khun thp.

Ti Vit Nam th ngnh cng nghip khun mu mi ch bt u thc s t nhng nm 1990 khi cuc hi tho u tin v khun p nha din ra ln u tin ti thnh ph H Ch Minh khi th cc nh my nha u do Lin X li cc k s lc rt thiu nhng ti liu tham kho v khun p nha vi d n quc gia VIE85/012 nhng con s, bng biu, thng tin k thut c h tr rt nhiu bi ti liu ca ngi Nht v nhng ngi chu u.

Nc ta vic sn xut cc sn phm t nha phc v cho i sng cng nh trong k thut ang c pht trin rt mnh m, s lng cc c s sn xut ng dng khoa hc k thut cc phn mm cng ngh vo sn xut, c bit l trong lnh vc gia cng khun mu, n gii quyt c cc kh khn trc y v em li hiu qu kinh t rt cao.

Tnh hnh lm khun Nhng hin nay cng vic lm khun ti Vit Nam vn cn nhiu nguyn cng m ngi cng nhn cn phi thc hin rt th s v d nh nguyn cng mi bng thng c ngi lm khun dng cc loi bt cng ( bt kim cng, bt xt nhm) v c tr st bng vi nhng nguyn cng ny thng mt rt nhiu thi gian v lm gim nng sut lm khun v lm tng gi thnh ca b khun.

Nh vy mc d ngnh cng nghip khun mu nc ta thi gian gn y pht trin rt mnh nhng so vi th gii th vn cn rt non tr v ang tip cn dn vi tc pht trin ca ngnh cng nghip th gii.

Cc phn mm tuy mi c a vo Vit Nam trong nhng nm gn y nhng n to c s quan tm thu ht ca nhiu cng ty,doanh nghip ln nh v c ng dng rng ri trong nhiu lnh vc, c bit l trong cng ngh ch to cc b khun mu. Trang b my cng c gia cng iu khin s CNC ch to khun mu phc v cho c s ngy cng ph bin cc doanh nghip. c bit cc doanh nghip min Bc c th k n cc cng ty v cc Vin tip cn sm nht vi my CNC v ch to khun mu nh: Vin IMI, Cng ty HAMECO, VINASHIOKI, song sn phm ca h vn mc n gin, cht lng thp, tui th ngn.

K thut CAD/CAM c vai tr c bit quan trng trong vic thit k v ch to ra cc b khun mu phc tp v c chnh xc cao. Rt nhiu cng ty nh Kim kh Thng Long, nha H Ni, Ho Pht, HAMECO u t vo cc phn mm CAD/CAM nh: CATIA, Cimatron, Pro/E, MasterCam Sn xut ca cc Cng ty trn c s ng gp rt ln ca h phn mm tch hp CAD/CAM.

Hin nay hu ht cc trng i hc, cao ng a vo ging dy mn hc CAD/CAM-CNC vi cc kin thc mi v c cp nht kh thng xuyn nh trng HBK H Ni. HBK TPHCM,H cng nghip TPHCM Tuy nhin sinh vin vn phi hc chay m khng c iu kin thc hnh mt cch c h thng. Ngoi nguyn nhn khng c my CNC cng nghip hoc c nhng mi ch mang tnh cht trng by sau nhng bi l thuyt th ngi hc bit c hnh th thc t ca my.

Chnh v tnh hnh pht trin v sn xut khun mu nh trn m chng em mnh dn tm hiu nghin cu ti v thit k v gia cng khun ng dng cc phn mm CAD/CAM/CAE phc v cho tc pht trin rt cao ca ngnh cng nghip khun p phun ti Vit Nam.

Chng 2:

PHN TCH SN PHM

Co nc gim ch T hay cn gi l T Thu l chi tit chia nhnh ng ng dn sang ng khc c ng knh nh hn.

Sn phm sau khi hon tt phi m bo cc yu cu v kch thc nh sau:

B mt nhn, khng g gh,khng c nha tha dnh trn b mt. Cc b mt 114 v 60 phi c chnh xc v kch thc ng knh v kch thc chiu di khi lp ghp c kht vi chi tit ng nc,tuyt i khng c nh hn. Vt liu c chn cho chi tit ny l nha PVC cng y l loi nha ph hp vi sn phm ny v c cc thng s k thut nh sau: Nhit gia cng: 170oC n 200oC Nhit ph hy: 180oC n 220oC co rt:0,5% Mt : 1,38 g/cm3 Chiu dy thnh sn phm nha: t 1 n 9,5mm B mt tr trong c bng Ra=0,8 m Sai s hnh dng < 1mm Chng 3:

TM HIU V CNG NGH P PHUN

Phn u tin ca chng gii thiu ny cung cp mt cch tng th kin thc v cc c tnh quy trnh p phun.n gip ta hiu c lm th no to ra mt sn phm c cht lng cng nh tng nng sut trong qu trnh sn xut.

M t quy trnh cng ngh K thut p phun c m t nh l mt qu trnh chuyn i nhit ca vt liu nha: 1- chy;2-bm vo trong khun,3-lm ngui;4-sau khi sn phm cng,khun m ra v li sn phm ly sn phm.khun s ng li v bt u mt chu trnh mi.

S lp i lp li ca mt chui cc sn phm gi l chu trnh lm khun.mi khun v mi loi vt liu gia cng trong s c mt thi gian cho chu trnh ti u. iu ny bt buc ngi iu khin my phi iu chnh thi gian ca mt chu kz my ti u t c

sn phm c cht lng cao.

Cng ngh p phun c th lm c nhng sn phm phc tp Khun c xem l tri tim ca quy trnh cng ngh, c lm t thp cng v thng c cha mt hoc nhiu cc khun,c hnh dng ca sn phm.khun c hnh dng khng gii hn,c th phc tp hoc ln v c in y bng mt ln phun.sn phm i t cng ngh p phun c th thit k c nhiu l,gn v mt ct giao nhau trn thnh.

Cng ngh p phun to ra cc sn phm cht lng cao Vt liu nha c th lm c cc sn phm c hnh dng v b mt ging nh cc khun. iu ny ngha l lm ra cc sn phm c hnh dng khng tng xng vi khun th khng ph hp.sn phm c hnh dng ging vi khun c ngha l vt liu in tt trong khun.

Quy trnh sn xut vi s lng ln Quy trnh p phun c th sn xut vi mt s lng sn phm ln l o vt liu nha c

th chy v ng cng li trong mt thi gian ngn.vi sn phm thnh mng thi gian p c

th nh hn 10 giy. a s sn phm thng t 20 n 30 giy.Mt im thun li khc l quy trnh p phun c th sn xut c nhiu sn phm ch trong mt chu kz p. iu ny

t c khi dng khun c nhiu cc khun.C mi ln nha bm vo khun th sn phm

c hnh thnh trong mt cc khun.

Kp khun v chc nng ca chng Khun chun gm hai na,chng c ng li p sn phm v m ra ly sn phm. Khun c p vi nhau mt p sut ln gi cho cht lng khi p vo khun khng b chy ra. Khun duy chuyn v gi p sut bng mt h thng kp gi l kp

khun.C hai c ch dng ng v kp khun l h thng ngm kp thu lc v h thng

ngm kp trc khuu.

H thng ngm kp thy lc H thng ngm kp thu lc s dng xi lanh thu lc duy chuyn mt trong hai thi khun gn trn thi khun di ng. Sn phm c thit k sao cho dnh vo phn na khun

di chuyn. H thng li c gn trn phn di ng dng li sn phm. H thng li c iu khin bng ng thu lc. N s duy chuyn ti trc khi m khun ra.

H thng ngm kp khuu C ch lm vic ca ngm kp khuu l dng mt h thng thanh khuu. Chng co li khi m khun v thng ra khi ng khun. H thng ngm khuu cng dng thu lc duy chuyn cc b phn. Ghi nh rng,lm th no m cc thanh khuu chnh c th kho v tr thng khi khun ng. Nh mt thit k c hc c bit m cc thanh khuu ny tp trung lc kp khun.

Chng 4:

VT LIU NHA P PHUN

Polimer Gii thiu

Plolymer l nhng hp cht m trong phn t ca chng gm nguyn t c ni vi nhau bng nhng lin kt ho hc thnh nhng mch di v c khi lng phn t ln. Trong mch chnh ca polymer nhng nhm nguyn t ny c lp i lp li nhiu ln.

V d: polyetylen [-CH2-CH2-]n

Mt xch c s Mc xch l c s l nhng nhm nguyn t nht nh tham gia lp i lp li nhiu ln trong mch phn t polymer.

Nhm CH2-CH2- trong mch polyetylen c gi mc xch c s.

trng hP trng hp,k hiu l DP, biu th s mt xch c tron i phn t. V d : Polyetylen ( C2H4)n th:

n l trng hp,

M - trng lng mt mch phn t polymer,

M - trng lng phn t mt mt xch c s.

Th ta c :

DP=M/m M = DP . m

V d HDPE c trng lng phn t trung bnh M = 25000, trng lng phn t mt xch c s m = 28 DP = 25000/28 =893.

Gi tr Dp thng nm trong khong t vi n v cho n 5000 10000 hoc ln hn na.

Tn gi Tn gi polymer ch yu da vo tn monome ( mt xch c s ), hp cht tng hp thnh polymer trc thm vo ch poly.

V d : Etylen PE : polyetylen

Propylen PP : polypropylen

e-Phn loi Da vo ngun gc : c polymer thin nhin, polymer nhn to v polymer tng hp. Da vo tnh cht c l{ l cht do v cht n hi. y l cch phn loi ph bin nht. Lin h mt thit vi cu trc v chng xc nh s thch ng vi yu cu cng nghip. Nha nhit do : l nhm vt liu cao phn t quan trng nht trong cc polymer tng hp, bao gm cc cao phn t c kch thc nht nh, mch thng hay phn nhnh. T nhit do ch ra rng cc polymer c th chuyn trng thi rn sang trng thi do bi s gia tng nhit v qu trnh ny thun nghch, c th lp i lp li nhiu ln. Do i vi nha nhit do ta c th ti sinh ( ngoi tr PTFE , polytetraflouethylene ) Trong k thut, nha nhit do ch tt c polymer m lc lin kt phn t l cc lin kt th cp ( lc Van der Waals, Hydro ), cc loi ny nhy nhit v dung mi. Cao su, cht n hi : l nhng polymer mch thng m lc lin kt th cp rt yu, vt liu dng cht lng rt nht. s dng ta phi to cc lin kt ngang gia cc mch phn t to thnh mng li khng gian ba chiu. c trng ca cao su l chng c kh nng dn di cao c th ln n 1000% ( cao su t nhin lu ho ). Tuy nhin do to lin kt ngang nn chng khng th ti sinh c.

Nha nhit rn : mt ni ngang dy c cao hn t 10 n 1000 ln so vi cao su. Do cu trc khng gian ba chiu, tnh cht nha nhit rn rt cao so vi nha nhit do, nht l kh nng chu nhit. Nha

nhit rn to thnh mng khng gian ba chiu to thnh cao phn t kch thc v cng ln so vi nguyn t. Do vy, nha nhit rn khng tan, khng chy v cng khng ti sinh c. V d : PF , PU , nha epoxy, silicone .

Da vo cng dng -Nha thng dng : PE , PP, PVC,PS,ABS , HIPS

-Nha k thut : PA, PC ,POM , Teflon

-Nha chuyn dng : PE khi lng phn t cc cao, PTFE , PPS , PPD

c tnh ca mt s loi nha thng dng A-POLYETYLEN(PE) i2 : ch s chy MFR o iu kin 190*C, 2160 g ( ASTM D1248 )

Trong p phun, loi PE d chy ( i2 >25) c s dng gia cng cc sn phm khi. co ngt ( lin quan t trng sn phm ) chu tc ng ca nhit khi ho do khi

vt liu v khi lm ngui.

Vi PE t trng cao c ch s chy thp yu cu nhit khun 40 70*C sn phm c bng cao. Loi c i2 = 2.5-4 d b rn do tp trung ng sut. khc phc hin tng gin do tnh nh hng phn t mnh, tng nhit phun v dng loi nha vi ch s chy cao ph hp.

Bng 3.2.1: Gia cng v p dng PE dng cho p phun

T trng

0.92

0.93

0.94 (1)

0.95

0.96

MFI

190/2.16

>25-15(2)

chy nht,khng tp

trung ng sut

chy, sn

phm c c b mt ln, b rn cht t, bng tt

chy, sn

phm chu

chn ng

chy, rn

thp, kh

phun dng

cho cc

sn phm trong nh

chy, cng, chc dng

lm chu, r, chuyn ch (3), m i bo v

15 - 5

Sn

phm c bn ln hn, b mt t bng

Sn

phm c

chu c

lc ko

cng nh, b mt bng tt

Khng va chm

tt, sn

phm k

thut chu

ko cao

gia cng,

khng chn ng,

lm

cc

sn phm

thut,

vt

lm kn, m inh vt

Khng dc v ro, sn phm

chu ko c hc mnh( nh thng rc) , v gh ngi

bn c hc rt tt, khng mn

Khng

ro tt,

sn phm

lm kn

chu ko tt

Khng gy do cao

ko cng,

b mt tt, sn phm

k thut

chu ko

cng

<1

Khi lng phn

t cao,

ct chu p n nh cao,khp ni ng

(1) a s l blend ca PE-LD/HD, cng c th l PE-LLD

(2) Loi siu chy ln ti MFI >=100 (3) Thng ng chai l hay thng rc

B- POLYPROPYLENE(PP) PP dng cho p phun thng thng dng ht, c mt s loi dng bt.

Vi PP s dng nhit cao, hn hp PP c n nh chng oxy ho v cc tc ng c hi :

Khng lo ho nhit thng thng, c ph gia bi trn khng hi v sinh hc. Khng lo ho nhit cao, c n nh quang, khng nh hng v mt sinh hc. Khng thi tit- n nh bng than en, dng amine c cu trc khng gian cng knh cho cc p dng ngoi tri. Khng lo ho nhit cao vi dung dch ty ra nng, nc nng, khng c. Khng lo ho nhit cao khi tip xc vi ng v cc kim loi khc. Vi cng ngh p phun, thng thng compoud PP c n nh c dng sn xut cc trang thit b nh bp v ni tht, thit b v sinh, gt giy, dng gia nh( chn a), chiPP khng nhit c n nh chu c dung dch ty ra dng sn xut cc b phn my git gia nh v trong cng nghip dt, v d li qun ch b phn nhum, cc phn ca my mc in tip xc dy ng. Trong lnh vc

phng tin vn chuyn, nhiu loi PP khng hoc c gia cng c dng: v acquy, ca thng gi xe hi, vlng xe hi , b lc kh, thanh chn bn. Ci hm phanh.

C- POLYSTYRENE (PS) a s cc sn phm lm t h nha styrene gia cng p phun. Nha styrene c co rt nh, chnh xc kch thc cao. Nha styrene c bin tnh cao su c u im to sn phm ln do dng chy tt.

Cc loi nha styrene c tnh cht dn in rt tt, kh nng c cc chi tit chnh xc cao, gi thnh va phi. Chng dng cho cc p dng cch in, cc phn kt cu ca cng ngh in t v truyn thng: nh in thoi ( v bc ABS, cc phn bn trong SB v SAN ).

SB v ABS khng va p nhit thp tt nn c dng sn xut cc phn v bc trong v ngoi trong k ngh lnh.

Trong ngnh phng thin giao thng, SB v terpolymer dng lm lp lt , v bc, bng iu khin, b ti nhit, ABS dng lm thn xe hi th thao

D- POLYVINYL CHLORIRE(PVC) PVC khng th gia cng mt mnh m phi trn cc ph gia : cht n nh nhit- quang, cht bi trn, cht ho do, cht tr gia cng

Bng 3.2.4: p dng ca cc loi PVC

Loi PVC

Gi tr K(DIN 52 726 : 0.25g PVC ho tan trong 50 ml cyclohexanone )

PVC cng

55 -

60

56 -

60

PVC ho do

65 -

70

55 -

60

Tnh co rt ca PVC trong p phun ph thuc cu hnh khun v iu kin phun. Gi tr thng thng 2 4% theo hng phun v 1 2 % theo phng ngang, c th ln hn tuz trng hp.

PVC cng thng p khp ni ng v cc chi tit k thut, PVC do thng p thm, m trm bo v, nt bm, khung bo v v gn knh xe, chi do, xe p, thanh hm vlng xe hi, phch cm in, giy, ng, sandal.

Polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) Trong p phun, PMMA kh chy hn polystyrene, nn u l hoc cng phun cn c ng knh ln.Cn thit sy kh vt liu trc khi gia cng b mt sn phm p ( vt liu nhit 70 100*C , 4 5 gi, d cao ca khi vt liu khng qu 4 cm ). Nhit khun cao lm gim nng sut nhng gim ng sut trong sn phm c.

PMMA dng lm knh n cc loi, cc dng v sinh nh tm, a vi tnh

Styrene-acrylonit-copol(SAN) SAN p phun 210C, 150 bar, co rt 0.5%. Vt liu phi gi kh. Vt liu ny phi nng chy khi c nht cao.

SAN dng cho cc dng bao b trong sut, khng v, tip xc thc phm nhy oxy ho v UV.

Polyoxymethylene(POM) POM l 1 lai nha k thut, c tnh cng cao ngay c nhit thp (nhit chuyn tinh 60*C,duy tr tnh khng v va p -40C), mi mn thp. POM thng c dng lm cc chi tit k thut trong may o kim,in t,c kh chnh xc

Khun nn gia nhit ln ti 60 130*C to kt tinh v cu trc b mt tt. co

ngt gia cng ph thuc vo nhit khun, ln hn 3% xung n khang 1%. Nhit gia cng khng qu 220C v gy nguy him do phn hy to kh formaldehyde.

Polyamide(PA)

PA,gia cng khong 50%, l cht do k thut thng s dng nht,p dng trong

cc lnh vc ch yu yu cu bn va p,khng chn ng,hp thu ting n v rung ng,bn n mn v mn: m ma st,con ln,thanh dn chuyn ng trt, cht an tonPA cn c dng trong cng ngh in v in t nh vt liu cch nhit c bn ko v chu nhit nh thanh chuyn mch,cc phn c k thut thut khng xng du di mui xe hi.

Khun nn gi nhit nhit cao >10OC cho kt tinh cao,khng tp trung ng sut, cu trc ng nht v cng b mt cao. Thng gia nhit khun 140 170C

Bng 3.2.8: Cc li trong p phun

M t

Nguyn Nhn

Cch khc phc

1.1 cc ng sc do m:

Thng c hnh ch nht

,sc mu bc trn b mt, xut

hin

theo

hng

dng chy. Vt liu c

phun ra khi xilanh hnh thnh cc vng b dp trn b mt.

Thnh phn m qu cao, hi nc c hnh thnh trong sut qu trnh chy lm cho b mt sn phm hng.

1.Phi sy vt liu trc khi p, m ca vt liu

< 0.1 %

2. Tng p sut ngc.

1.2. cc sc do chy/sc mu bc/sc do kh gy ra

Cc sc bc hoc xm c sinh ra do s bin mu

1.Nha b phn hu do nhit qu cao, hoc thi gian lu ca vt liu trong my qu lu.

2. Nhit ma st sinh ra do s trt ca vt liu qua cng phun hp hoc do thay i dng chy trong sn phm.

1. Gim tc phun

2.Trnh dng cng phun qu nh v thay i dng chy trong sn phm.

3. Kim tra nhit ca hot runner v cc vng nhit trn xilanh.

4. Gim nhit chy, tc quay ca trc vt, thi gian lu nguyn liu

( nu cn thit c th

thm vo mt t cht ho do)

1.3 Cc sc sm mu :

Cc sc mu t xm n en.

1. p phun dng trc vt c rnh

qu su.

2. Cc

im

cht trong vng ho do hoc hot runner.

3. Cc im khuyt trong h thng van mt chiu.

4. S

gim p

ca trc vt qu ln v nhanh.

1.Tng

nhit

trong vng nhp liu vt liu chy d dng; dng trc vt ph hp.

2.Kim tra vng ho do v hot runner lm cn tr dng chy.

3.Thay th van mt chiu b khuyt.

4.Gim ng i ca trc vit gim tc gim p.

5.Ci thin h thng van thot kh v thit k

1.4 Cc sc mu

Mu sc khc nhau

1.Cht to mu phn tn khng u, s tp trung ca mu, mu khng ph hp, s nh hng theo dng chy ca cc cht mu v c, mu b phn hy nhit.

2. im cht trong vng ho do v hot runner.

3. Cht bn.

1.Dng cht to mu ph hp; chc chn l mu phn b u, trnh nhit qu cao.

2. Trnh im cht trong vng ho do v h thng hot runner.

3. m bo vng ho do lun sch.

2. B mt bong/ khng bng phng :

B mt b tch thnh phin, vy khi ct ngang.

1. ng sut trt cao hnh

thnh

cc lp,s tng hp

1.Tng nhit chy v gim tc phun.

Rt kh nhn dng bi v

b mt khng b nt.

B mt thng h khi ta dng vt cng co nh vo.

Sn

phm

thng

to bong bng khi lm m.

gia cc lp.

2. Cc

cht

bn khng tng hp vi nhit do v master

batch to mu.

2. Trnh cc cht bn v

dng master batch ph hp.

3. Weld line

Cc vt hnh ch V, cc ng mu khc nhau, c bit khi dng mu v c th wild line xut hin l cc ng mu xm.

thy

trong

bng ti,bng hoc sn phm c b mt bng

Xut hin trong nhiu h nh: ABS hoc ASA. Cc dng chy ngui lnh gp nhau.

nh hng ca mu, cc v tr wild line thng nh hng n c tnh.

C th thit k a cc ng wild line vo cc v tr khng thy c v khng chu va p( ci thin dng chy, hn ch dng chy ), kim tra thit k: nu cn thit th m rng cun phun, cng v bec phun ca my, trnh thay i b dy sn phm t ngt v in khun khng ng nht, t van kh ph hp. Ti u nhit chy, nhit b mt khun v tc phun, dng cht to mu mi( hu c hoc v c, c thnh phn mu cao hn ). Dng vt liu c nht thp hn.

4.1 Bt kh :

Bt kh trong qu trnh p c hin hu trong sn phm.

Cc bt kh ny hnh thnh cc l bn trong sn phm.

1. Trong sut qu trnh in khun, khng kh c gi li trong sn phm ti nhng vng gn b mt sn phm.

1.Gim s mt p sut ca trc vt hoc gim lc p bng cch gim tc (c bit khi bt kh c hnh thnh ngay gn cng phun)

2.Cn thit phi ti u

Lm

ngui

cc

vng

thnh dy bng nc lnh vi mc ch rt ngn thi gian lm ngui.

6. Cc l nh :

Thng khng th nhn thy c t bn ngoi tr trng hp vt liu trong sut.

Vi sn phm dy khi ct ra th thy xut hin cc l nh.

Khi lp da ngoi dy hp thu c ng sut co rt.

Lp nha chy trong li co

rt vo trong

hnh thnh cc l ti nhng vng nha cn do.

iu ny xy ra khi thi gian lm ngui lu.

Trnh cc vng c b dy khc bit ln v tp trung nhiu vt liu ( VD: cc gn.);

Kim tra xem nhit iu khin ng cha, ci p sut gi,thi gian gi v vng m ph hp.

Tng kch thc cng phun ti nhng vng dy v tng ng knh ca cung phun v cng phun cho nha in y sn phm.

7.Cc vng c bng m khc nhau

Sn phm p phun thng c nhng ch c bng rt thp v c nhng ch c bng rt cao.

Khng c s ng nht v mu sc hoc bng gia cc vng.

1.Bi v c s khc bit v b dy, nh l s thay i bt ng v b dy, cc gn iu khin co rt l ni c bng cao trn b mt ca kt cu.

2.Cc vng m thng xut hin trn cc sn phm lng c kt cu phc tp( s gia tng b dy t ngt,gn ). Trong cng mt thi gian th qu trnh in khun khng u.

3.Trn cc ng lin lu

1.Trnh cc vng dy v s thay i bt ng v b dy; nu c th nn dng b dy thnh ng nht.

2.Ti u hnh dng sn phm v in khun. VD: thay i tc phun cc nhau. nh bng sn phm cui cng

vng

khc

3. a cc v tr wild line vo nhng vng khng nhn thy bng cch tng tnh chy hay hn ch.

v giao lu gy ra do

dng chy.

4.Cng phun v cung phun c kch thc nh.

5.Nhit khun v nhit chy v tc phun khng thch hp

6. p sut gi v thi gian duy tr p qu ngn.

7.Nha chy khng ng nht khi tip xc vi thnh khun.

4. Kch thc ca cung

phun v cng phun ph hp.

5.Ti u nhit gia cng.

6. iu chnh ng p sut duy tr v thi gian duy tr p.

7.Ci thin h thng van thot kh

8.Kim tra h thng lm ngui ca khun.

8. Cc vt rn

Dng cc vn trng( do s khuch tn nh sng )

Gy ra do tc ng vt qu mc cho php.

1. Tc ng t bn ngoi,xut hin do lc ly sn phm.

2. Do ng sut d to thnh.

3. ng sut ni trong sn phm do iu kin

gia

cng khng ph hp.

4. C th do phun cht

rc khun, sinh ra ng sut nt.

1.Gim lc tc ng ln khun t bn ngoi hoc dng nha nhit do t nhy cm vi ng sut hn.Ti u thit k khun.

2.Xem li thit k sn phm ci thin tnh chy.

3.Tng nhit b mt khun v nhit chy ca nha, gim p sut duy tr, ci li thi gina v tc phun cho ph hp, mc ch l gim ng sut trong gia cng, khng ly ra khi khun vi mt ng sut qu d,chn c cu li sn phm v m bo ly sn phm mt lc ln m khng h sn phm, thay i iu kin cung v cng phun; thay i

thit k sn phm.

4. Dng li sn phm ph hp.

9. Hiu ng mi hn:

Cc vt en cui dng chy hoc v tr hp dng chy ( khng kh b gi li )

1.Khun

h thng thot kh km cui dng chy.

2.S hp dng ca mt s dng chy.Trong c hai trng hp kh c hnh thnh trong cc khun c nn cao v nha b qu nhit.

1. t van kh ti nhng vng c bit, gim tc phun v nhit chy.

2. Nhn dng cc vng c trung bng phn tch moldfolw, VD, thit k hnh dng ng v phn b b dy sn phm hp l.

3. Gim lc kp khun gii quyt tnh hung nht thi

10. Bin dng khi li sn phm :

1.B mt c du li ca sn phm, ng sut nt v bin dng

2.Sn phm b hng , cc khe nt hoc b nn khp.

3. Sn phm

b cong vnh

1.H thng ly sn phm: qu t hoc cc thanh li t khong ng v tr hoc din tich b mt ca thnh li qu nh.

2.Ct xn,

phng

hoc cc rnh.

3.Hnh dng khun khng thch hp, v d cc gn khng ph hp

4.S co rt ca li trong sut qu trnh p v lm ngui. Nhit li sn phm qu cao. Tc li hoc p sut li cao.

5.Hin tng sn phm b qu nn

1.Chc chn rng bin dng xy ra trong qu trnh vnh.

li sn phm

l khng phi do cong

2.Ti u h thng ly sn phm, chc chn s lng thanh li ph hp. Cc thanh li cn t nhng vng cn lc li ln hn nh ti gn

3.Kim tra khun thng xuyn nu cn thit

4.Lm

ngui

li

sn phm. tng thi gian lm ngui, gim tc v p sut li.

5. Tng thi gian ci t,

6.Nhit khun khng

cn bng.

kim tra im chuyn t

p sut phun sang p sut duy tr ( tranh hin tnf qu chen) v

gim p sut duy tr.

6. Gim p sut khun thng

qua p sut phun v nhit chy.

11. Cc ng vn :

Cc ng trn ng tm to ra t cung phun, xut hin dng vn trng , en trn b mt.

H nha nhit do a pha c khuynh hng to ra theo dng chy:

1. Do cung phun v cng phun nh.

2. S gim p sut nhanh my v hot runner.

3. B dy sn phm qu nh hoc qu khc bit.

4. Dng chy khng ph hp.

5. iu kin gia cng khng ph hp.

1.Tng kich thc cung phun hoc hot runner.

2. Gim s tht thot p sut my v hot runner.

3.Trong trng hp sn phm

phn

thnh mng ln th phi tng b dy.

4.Dng vt liu c tnh chy tt

5.Ti u cc thng s gia cng( tng nhit chy, tng nhit khun, phun vi tc trung bnh v tn p sut gi, ci thin h thng van thot kh )

12.B mt b vn :

Cc gn trn b mt xut hin dng ging nh vn tay.

theo

chiu

dng chy, phn ln l cui dng chy, c hnh

1.Nhit chy,nhit khun v tc phun qu thp

2.Do dng chy b lm lnh qu nhanh b mt khun, lm cn tr dng chy trong khun, do dng chy gia cc lp khng ng nht.Cc lp

1.Tng

nhit

chy, nhit khun v tc trc vt.

2. M rng cc ng dn nha v ti u hnh dng khun.

3.Gim chiu dng chy bng cch

thm cung

nha khng tip xc tt

vi khun.

phun.

13.Hin tng phun thiu

Khun khng c in y

1.Nhit chy,nhit phun v tc phun qu thp.

2.Nha cha c do ho hon ton.

3. p sut phun khng ph hp. ng knh trc vt qu ln.

4.H thng van thot kh khng ph hp.

5.Dng chy nha khng ph hp.

6.B dy sn phm qu nh hoc qu di

7.Hnh dng cun phun khng ph hp

1. Tng nhit chy vo hoc nhit khun cng vi s tng tc phun.

2.Tng th tch ohun v kim tra h thng van mt chiu ( th tch phun qu nh, khng c vng m). Tng p sut ngc.

3. Ci t ph hp gia p sut phun v th tch phun.

4.Ci thin h thng van thot kh, gim lc kp khun.

5. Thay i dng chy nha cho ph hp.

6.Sa khun cho ph hp vi loi vt liu.

7. Ni rng u phun, cung phun v runner

14.Ba via

Ba via c hnh thnh trn ng gip m sn phm

1.Sai s gia 2 na khun qu ln hoc khun b h.

2.Lc kp khun khng ph hp hoc ci qu thp.

3. Nhit chy, tc phun, hoc p sut trong khun qu cao.

1. iu chnh khun cho thch hp hoc sa li cc ch h hng.

2. Ci li lc kp khun cao hn hoc thay i my ln hn.

3. p sut phun thp, tc phun hoc p sut gi nh hn. Chuyn qua p

sut duy tr sm hn.

4.Gim nhit chy v nhit khun.

15.Hin tng phun tia

Thng dng chy c dng ngon ngoo, c th nhn thy trn b mt khun. Cc vt dng chy th, c mu sc hoc bng khc nhau.

Dng chy c phun trc tip vo cc khun m khng tip xc vi thnh khun. Do lp ngoi b ngui nn c s chy khng ng nht vi phn cn li. Kt qu gy hin tng weld lines, khng ng nht v lm ngui v ng sut ni.Gy ra do v tr cng phun sai.

1. Ti u tc phun

2. t v tr cng dng chy p vo thnh khun

3. Dng vt liu c nht cao hn

4. S

dng

tc phun thay i

16. Hin tng cong vnh

Sn phm b bin dng v xon.

1.Thit k khun khng ph hp v sn phm c s khun khc nhau v co rt khc nhau.

khc bit v b dy dn n p sut

2. V tr v thit k cung phun khng ph hp

3. Gy ra do ci nhit khun v tc phun khng ng

1. Trnh ng sut ni bng cch chn vt liu v hnh dng sn phm ( cn bng vt liu v hnh thnh sn phm ( cn bng b giy). Ti u khun bng chng trnh

2.Kim tra v tr cng phun

3.Ti u iu kin gia cng.

17. Hin tng cu vng

nh sng khc x trn b mt sn phm to hiu ng cu vng.

1.Gy ra do tc c trt cao

2.Thng

thy nha

LURANS 7975 dng mu

1. Tng nhit dng chy

2.Gim tc fun

3..Ni rng ra

CHNG 5:

GII THIU V PHN MM PRO ENGINEER

......................................................

Thi gian chu kz p phun v cch rt ngn thi gian chu kz. Thi gian chu kz p phun: Thi gian chu kz p phun l khong thi gian cn thit nha in y lng khun v b dy sn phm ng c khong 90%. Nh vy thi gian chu kz s l tng cc khong thi gian ca tng giai on p phun. Cc khong thi gian ny l:

Thi gian phun. Thi gian gi: gm thi gian nh hnh v thi gian lm lnh. Thi gian m khun. Thi gian ng khun: khng ng k, c th b qua. Cch rt ngn thi gian chu kz: Thng thng thi gian chu kz tng l do:

Nhit ca khun v nhit chy do ca nha cao. H thng lm ngui thit k khng tt.

Tn nhiu thi gian trong giai on phun v gi. Nh vy, gim thi gian chu kz ta s gii quyt cc vn sau:

Gim thi gian phun. Gim thi gian gi Gim thi gian lm lnh n mc ti thiu. Gim thi gian phun: vic ny lin quan n vn mt p, s lng khun v b dy sn phm. Mt p: xy ra trn h thng knh dn v ming phun. Mt p t th cc lng khun s in y nhanh hn nn thi gian in y gim v ngc li. Knh dn ln s lm gim s mt p nhng lm tng thi gian lm lnh i vi knh dn ngui v nh hng n nhit chy do ca nha trong knh dn nng. Ming phun ln cng lm gim s mt p nhng s li vt trn sn phm. Nh vy, gim thi gian phun ta cn phi thit k h thng phun nha c kch thc hp l. S lng khun: s lng khun nhiu th thi gian phun s tng nhng trong thit k s lng khun phi m bo theo yu cu khch hng nn ta khng th gim s lng khun. Tuy nhin ta c th ci thin thi gian phun bng cc gim thiu chiu di h thng knh dn. B dy sn phm: nha s chy d hn trong nhng vng c b dy dy hn. V th ta cn phi thit k b dy sn phm mt cch hp l hoc c th b tr thm ming phun khi b dy cu sn phm qu mng gim thi gian phun. Mi loi vt liu c chiu di dng chy ca ring n nn ta cn xem datasheet ca chng iu chnh p sut phun hp l{, c bit l khi t l L/t 200 (L: chiu di sng chy, t: b dy) Nha d chy qua vng c b dy ln.

Gim thi gian gi: ng knh ming phun rng th thi gian gi s tng. V th ta c th gim ng knh ming phun gim thi gian gi nhng cn phi m bo rng cc lng khun phi c in y. Nu khng th gim ng knh ming phun th ta c th ti thiu ha thi gian gi trn my p phun. Gim thi gian lm lnh: c 2 yu t nh hng n thi gian lm lnh l nhit khun v nhit chy do ca nha. Nu mt trong 2 yu t ny tng th thi gian lm lnh s tng v thi gian chu kz cng s rng. V vy mun gim thi gian lm lnh th ta phi bit iu chnh nhit ca khun v nhit chy do ca nha mt cch hp l. ....................................................

Chng 9 :

BO QUN KHUN

Kim tra khun: Khun l loi dng c chuyn hnh nh, l sn phm i hi cn c chnh xc cao do vy sau khi gia cng cn phi kim tra khun v cc chi tit trong khun m bo yu cu k thut. C cc hnh thc kim tra nh sau:

+ o kch thc cc chi tit lp rp.

+ o chnh xc cc chi tit khun .

+ o chnh xc lp rp ca khun .

+ o hnh dng Profin.

+ o nhm b mt.

Lp t khun. Theo qui tc chung, phi kim tra cc im sau y trc khi lp t khun:

Nu khun c s dng t trc, xem xt xem n c kim tra hoc sa cha ch hng cha?.

Kim tra u vo v ra ca knh nc bng cch thi kh nn chc chn rng knh nc thng v sch.

Chc chn vng nh v n khp chnh xc vi l tm ca tm khun c nh. iu s m bo thng hng chc chn ca cung phun v vi phun.

Kim tra chiu cao tng ca khun c vt qu khong sng ca my khng

Kim tra gi tr lc kp khi gia cng

Theo quy tc thc t, chc chn trng lng ln nht ca pht n l cho khi lng ca sn phm.

Mt thc t tt l kim tra song song ca hai tm khun trc khi lp khun, kim tra cc bu lng kp vng an ton c kp chc chn khng, cc tr c bm bi bn hoc phoi kim loi khng.

t khun vo hai na ng vo nhau. iu ngn nga hai na khun khi b cc h hng c th xy ra trong khi lp khun.

Khng nn c gng lp khun nng bng tay, cn s dng my nng cn cu ph hp hoc c cu xch rng rc. Xch rng rc c th iu chnh chm nhng rt tt.

Gi cho xch cng vi khun cho n khi c hai na gn cht vo tm khun. i vi khun nng, l mt thc t tt trnh kp bulng lp tm di ng trnh bt kz mt chuyn ng i xung no ca khun trong qu trnh.

Trong lc tho khun, khng bao gi c g ba vo khun trong khi cc bulng an ton vn cn cht, nu khng s lm hng khun v b phn my ni vi khun. trong khi khun cn c gi bi xch ch ni lng mt na bulng an ton v lm cc iu chnh cn thit thng qua bulng.

Hot ng ca khun. m bo cht lng ca sn phm tt, khun phi c duy tr nhit lm vic ca n.

Khi tho khun bng tay, khng nn s dng dng c kim loi cng hoc cnh sc trnh b xc b mt khun hoc cc cnh sc c th lm cho b mt phn khun khng quy tc. N to nn khe h dc theo ng phn khun ca sn phm.

Khng bao gi c s tay vo b mt nhn bng ca khun khng li du vt d gy n mn kim loi.

Ngi th iu khin my phi xem xt cc khun c sn sng lm vic khng. Ni cch khc nu c iu g bt thng phi dng my ngay v bo cho ngi lp khun c nhng o c iu chnh cn thit.

Nu my khng c s dng qua m th cn bi trn ln b mt nhn bng ca khun mt lp mng kerosin hoc turpenline.

Khi khng lm vic, tt c cc khun c phn t l xo t do cn c v tr th lng.

Khun khng hot ng cn phi m nhng phi ph bng vi kh.

Trc khi ngh cn cho h thng nc lm ngui lin tc c tun hon cho n khi khun ngui.

Lu gi khun. Cn phi gi sn phm cui cng c tho ra khi khun lm tham kho cho bt kz s sa cha no. Cn lm nhn ca sn phm vi tn ca n, kch thc, vt liu, s khun v s sn xut ca chnh sn phm .

Tt c cc b phn khun cn c kim tra v sa cha trc khi a vo kho n thng xuyn sn sng cho n khi c yu cu sn xut tip theo.

Cc khun c xc nh l s khng a vo sn xut cn phi c tho ra, loi ra, cho cc gi hoc phng cha khun khng c ln khun h hng.

Di chuyn tt c cc u lp knh nc v chng d b h hng khi lu tr. Thi kh nn vo u vo ca knh nc cho n khi nc ra ht v h cho n kh. y kn mt u knh nc cho n khi nc ra ht v h cho n kh, y kn mt u knh v rt vo knh nc mt loi du khong thch hp. Chc chn rng mi phn ca knh c bi du th tho du khi knh v nt tt c cc ming knh bng nt kim loi mu. lm iu gi khun c lu di.

Bi m tt c cc chi tit ca khun v gi kn chng trong thi gian lu gi.

i vi khun c l xo khng nn ng cht, t cc nm cao su ph hp trng thi m khun gi cho l xo v tr tho lng v bt kn cc l bng cc bng trnh bn hoc hi m. i vi khun nh ch cn cho vo trong ti nilng l c.

Khun cn c sp xp ph hp vi kiu ca chng hoc ph hp vi s v v tr ca n trn gi nng v gi trong phng sch.

d xc nh, tt c cc khun u phi c tn hoc s khun.

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