Professional Documents
Culture Documents
31 38
Cu to chung............................................................................................. H thng iu khin.................................................................................... Chu k p phun............................................................................................ Thi gian chu kz p phun v cch rt ngn thi gian chu kz. o v iu khin nhit trong qu trnh p phun.
49 60 62 65 68
69 76 86
KT LUN
Trong phm vi n ca chng em trinh bay bao hm c cc kin thc c bn v thit k mt b khun p phun cho sn phm nha, chng em tm hiu k cc loi ti liu v khun nha v a ra c nhiu { tng c bit l { tng v phn loi cc b khun v v phn loi cc sn phm nha. Qua 16 bc tip cn v thit k mt b khun chng em hon ton c th tip nhn cc nhim v bt kz khi thit k mt b khun nha, c bit trong n ca chng em c cc thy giao cho thit k khun p co nc p dng 16 bc tip cn trn chng em thit k v gia cng mt b khun theo dng yu cu k thut t phay hc khun cho n CNC v qua chng em c c nhng hiu bit su sc v cc phng php mi gia cng khun ni chung v cc sn phm c kh ni ring.
V kinh t:
Kt qu thc hin ti gip sv c th t thit k v ch to cc b khun phc tp c chnh xc cao, ch ng trong vic thit k v ch to khun.
V x hi:
Vi kt qu thc hin c ca ti, Chng em c th hon thnh tt cc cng vic ti cc c s sn xut khun nha
Chng 1:
Lch s pht trin Trc y vic ch to chy v ci ca khun p cc sn phm nha thng c ch to bng cc phng php ct gt truyn thng gp rt nhiu kh khn khi lng khun c hnh dng phc tp. Vic ch to lng khun cn ph thuc nhiu vo trnh ngi th, thi gian ch to khun di v chnh xc lng khun thp.
Ti Vit Nam th ngnh cng nghip khun mu mi ch bt u thc s t nhng nm 1990 khi cuc hi tho u tin v khun p nha din ra ln u tin ti thnh ph H Ch Minh khi th cc nh my nha u do Lin X li cc k s lc rt thiu nhng ti liu tham kho v khun p nha vi d n quc gia VIE85/012 nhng con s, bng biu, thng tin k thut c h tr rt nhiu bi ti liu ca ngi Nht v nhng ngi chu u.
Nc ta vic sn xut cc sn phm t nha phc v cho i sng cng nh trong k thut ang c pht trin rt mnh m, s lng cc c s sn xut ng dng khoa hc k thut cc phn mm cng ngh vo sn xut, c bit l trong lnh vc gia cng khun mu, n gii quyt c cc kh khn trc y v em li hiu qu kinh t rt cao.
Tnh hnh lm khun Nhng hin nay cng vic lm khun ti Vit Nam vn cn nhiu nguyn cng m ngi cng nhn cn phi thc hin rt th s v d nh nguyn cng mi bng thng c ngi lm khun dng cc loi bt cng ( bt kim cng, bt xt nhm) v c tr st bng vi nhng nguyn cng ny thng mt rt nhiu thi gian v lm gim nng sut lm khun v lm tng gi thnh ca b khun.
Nh vy mc d ngnh cng nghip khun mu nc ta thi gian gn y pht trin rt mnh nhng so vi th gii th vn cn rt non tr v ang tip cn dn vi tc pht trin ca ngnh cng nghip th gii.
Cc phn mm tuy mi c a vo Vit Nam trong nhng nm gn y nhng n to c s quan tm thu ht ca nhiu cng ty,doanh nghip ln nh v c ng dng rng ri trong nhiu lnh vc, c bit l trong cng ngh ch to cc b khun mu. Trang b my cng c gia cng iu khin s CNC ch to khun mu phc v cho c s ngy cng ph bin cc doanh nghip. c bit cc doanh nghip min Bc c th k n cc cng ty v cc Vin tip cn sm nht vi my CNC v ch to khun mu nh: Vin IMI, Cng ty HAMECO, VINASHIOKI, song sn phm ca h vn mc n gin, cht lng thp, tui th ngn.
K thut CAD/CAM c vai tr c bit quan trng trong vic thit k v ch to ra cc b khun mu phc tp v c chnh xc cao. Rt nhiu cng ty nh Kim kh Thng Long, nha H Ni, Ho Pht, HAMECO u t vo cc phn mm CAD/CAM nh: CATIA, Cimatron, Pro/E, MasterCam Sn xut ca cc Cng ty trn c s ng gp rt ln ca h phn mm tch hp CAD/CAM.
Hin nay hu ht cc trng i hc, cao ng a vo ging dy mn hc CAD/CAM-CNC vi cc kin thc mi v c cp nht kh thng xuyn nh trng HBK H Ni. HBK TPHCM,H cng nghip TPHCM Tuy nhin sinh vin vn phi hc chay m khng c iu kin thc hnh mt cch c h thng. Ngoi nguyn nhn khng c my CNC cng nghip hoc c nhng mi ch mang tnh cht trng by sau nhng bi l thuyt th ngi hc bit c hnh th thc t ca my.
Chnh v tnh hnh pht trin v sn xut khun mu nh trn m chng em mnh dn tm hiu nghin cu ti v thit k v gia cng khun ng dng cc phn mm CAD/CAM/CAE phc v cho tc pht trin rt cao ca ngnh cng nghip khun p phun ti Vit Nam.
Chng 2:
Co nc gim ch T hay cn gi l T Thu l chi tit chia nhnh ng ng dn sang ng khc c ng knh nh hn.
B mt nhn, khng g gh,khng c nha tha dnh trn b mt. Cc b mt 114 v 60 phi c chnh xc v kch thc ng knh v kch thc chiu di khi lp ghp c kht vi chi tit ng nc,tuyt i khng c nh hn. Vt liu c chn cho chi tit ny l nha PVC cng y l loi nha ph hp vi sn phm ny v c cc thng s k thut nh sau: Nhit gia cng: 170oC n 200oC Nhit ph hy: 180oC n 220oC co rt:0,5% Mt : 1,38 g/cm3 Chiu dy thnh sn phm nha: t 1 n 9,5mm B mt tr trong c bng Ra=0,8 m Sai s hnh dng < 1mm Chng 3:
Phn u tin ca chng gii thiu ny cung cp mt cch tng th kin thc v cc c tnh quy trnh p phun.n gip ta hiu c lm th no to ra mt sn phm c cht lng cng nh tng nng sut trong qu trnh sn xut.
M t quy trnh cng ngh K thut p phun c m t nh l mt qu trnh chuyn i nhit ca vt liu nha: 1- chy;2-bm vo trong khun,3-lm ngui;4-sau khi sn phm cng,khun m ra v li sn phm ly sn phm.khun s ng li v bt u mt chu trnh mi.
S lp i lp li ca mt chui cc sn phm gi l chu trnh lm khun.mi khun v mi loi vt liu gia cng trong s c mt thi gian cho chu trnh ti u. iu ny bt buc ngi iu khin my phi iu chnh thi gian ca mt chu kz my ti u t c
Cng ngh p phun c th lm c nhng sn phm phc tp Khun c xem l tri tim ca quy trnh cng ngh, c lm t thp cng v thng c cha mt hoc nhiu cc khun,c hnh dng ca sn phm.khun c hnh dng khng gii hn,c th phc tp hoc ln v c in y bng mt ln phun.sn phm i t cng ngh p phun c th thit k c nhiu l,gn v mt ct giao nhau trn thnh.
Cng ngh p phun to ra cc sn phm cht lng cao Vt liu nha c th lm c cc sn phm c hnh dng v b mt ging nh cc khun. iu ny ngha l lm ra cc sn phm c hnh dng khng tng xng vi khun th khng ph hp.sn phm c hnh dng ging vi khun c ngha l vt liu in tt trong khun.
Quy trnh sn xut vi s lng ln Quy trnh p phun c th sn xut vi mt s lng sn phm ln l o vt liu nha c
th chy v ng cng li trong mt thi gian ngn.vi sn phm thnh mng thi gian p c
th nh hn 10 giy. a s sn phm thng t 20 n 30 giy.Mt im thun li khc l quy trnh p phun c th sn xut c nhiu sn phm ch trong mt chu kz p. iu ny
Kp khun v chc nng ca chng Khun chun gm hai na,chng c ng li p sn phm v m ra ly sn phm. Khun c p vi nhau mt p sut ln gi cho cht lng khi p vo khun khng b chy ra. Khun duy chuyn v gi p sut bng mt h thng kp gi l kp
H thng ngm kp thy lc H thng ngm kp thu lc s dng xi lanh thu lc duy chuyn mt trong hai thi khun gn trn thi khun di ng. Sn phm c thit k sao cho dnh vo phn na khun
di chuyn. H thng li c gn trn phn di ng dng li sn phm. H thng li c iu khin bng ng thu lc. N s duy chuyn ti trc khi m khun ra.
H thng ngm kp khuu C ch lm vic ca ngm kp khuu l dng mt h thng thanh khuu. Chng co li khi m khun v thng ra khi ng khun. H thng ngm khuu cng dng thu lc duy chuyn cc b phn. Ghi nh rng,lm th no m cc thanh khuu chnh c th kho v tr thng khi khun ng. Nh mt thit k c hc c bit m cc thanh khuu ny tp trung lc kp khun.
Chng 4:
Plolymer l nhng hp cht m trong phn t ca chng gm nguyn t c ni vi nhau bng nhng lin kt ho hc thnh nhng mch di v c khi lng phn t ln. Trong mch chnh ca polymer nhng nhm nguyn t ny c lp i lp li nhiu ln.
V d: polyetylen [-CH2-CH2-]n
Mt xch c s Mc xch l c s l nhng nhm nguyn t nht nh tham gia lp i lp li nhiu ln trong mch phn t polymer.
trng hP trng hp,k hiu l DP, biu th s mt xch c tron i phn t. V d : Polyetylen ( C2H4)n th:
n l trng hp,
Th ta c :
DP=M/m M = DP . m
V d HDPE c trng lng phn t trung bnh M = 25000, trng lng phn t mt xch c s m = 28 DP = 25000/28 =893.
Tn gi Tn gi polymer ch yu da vo tn monome ( mt xch c s ), hp cht tng hp thnh polymer trc thm vo ch poly.
V d : Etylen PE : polyetylen
Propylen PP : polypropylen
e-Phn loi Da vo ngun gc : c polymer thin nhin, polymer nhn to v polymer tng hp. Da vo tnh cht c l{ l cht do v cht n hi. y l cch phn loi ph bin nht. Lin h mt thit vi cu trc v chng xc nh s thch ng vi yu cu cng nghip. Nha nhit do : l nhm vt liu cao phn t quan trng nht trong cc polymer tng hp, bao gm cc cao phn t c kch thc nht nh, mch thng hay phn nhnh. T nhit do ch ra rng cc polymer c th chuyn trng thi rn sang trng thi do bi s gia tng nhit v qu trnh ny thun nghch, c th lp i lp li nhiu ln. Do i vi nha nhit do ta c th ti sinh ( ngoi tr PTFE , polytetraflouethylene ) Trong k thut, nha nhit do ch tt c polymer m lc lin kt phn t l cc lin kt th cp ( lc Van der Waals, Hydro ), cc loi ny nhy nhit v dung mi. Cao su, cht n hi : l nhng polymer mch thng m lc lin kt th cp rt yu, vt liu dng cht lng rt nht. s dng ta phi to cc lin kt ngang gia cc mch phn t to thnh mng li khng gian ba chiu. c trng ca cao su l chng c kh nng dn di cao c th ln n 1000% ( cao su t nhin lu ho ). Tuy nhin do to lin kt ngang nn chng khng th ti sinh c.
Nha nhit rn : mt ni ngang dy c cao hn t 10 n 1000 ln so vi cao su. Do cu trc khng gian ba chiu, tnh cht nha nhit rn rt cao so vi nha nhit do, nht l kh nng chu nhit. Nha
nhit rn to thnh mng khng gian ba chiu to thnh cao phn t kch thc v cng ln so vi nguyn t. Do vy, nha nhit rn khng tan, khng chy v cng khng ti sinh c. V d : PF , PU , nha epoxy, silicone .
-Nha chuyn dng : PE khi lng phn t cc cao, PTFE , PPS , PPD
c tnh ca mt s loi nha thng dng A-POLYETYLEN(PE) i2 : ch s chy MFR o iu kin 190*C, 2160 g ( ASTM D1248 )
Trong p phun, loi PE d chy ( i2 >25) c s dng gia cng cc sn phm khi. co ngt ( lin quan t trng sn phm ) chu tc ng ca nhit khi ho do khi
Vi PE t trng cao c ch s chy thp yu cu nhit khun 40 70*C sn phm c bng cao. Loi c i2 = 2.5-4 d b rn do tp trung ng sut. khc phc hin tng gin do tnh nh hng phn t mnh, tng nhit phun v dng loi nha vi ch s chy cao ph hp.
T trng
0.92
0.93
0.94 (1)
0.95
0.96
MFI
190/2.16
>25-15(2)
chy nht,khng tp
trung ng sut
chy, sn
chy, sn
phm chu
chn ng
chy, rn
thp, kh
phun dng
cho cc
sn phm trong nh
15 - 5
Sn
Sn
phm c
chu c
lc ko
Khng va chm
tt, sn
phm k
thut chu
ko cao
gia cng,
lm
cc
sn phm
thut,
vt
lm kn, m inh vt
bn c hc rt tt, khng mn
Khng
ro tt,
sn phm
lm kn
chu ko tt
Khng gy do cao
ko cng,
b mt tt, sn phm
k thut
chu ko
cng
<1
t cao,
ct chu p n nh cao,khp ni ng
(2) Loi siu chy ln ti MFI >=100 (3) Thng ng chai l hay thng rc
B- POLYPROPYLENE(PP) PP dng cho p phun thng thng dng ht, c mt s loi dng bt.
Khng lo ho nhit thng thng, c ph gia bi trn khng hi v sinh hc. Khng lo ho nhit cao, c n nh quang, khng nh hng v mt sinh hc. Khng thi tit- n nh bng than en, dng amine c cu trc khng gian cng knh cho cc p dng ngoi tri. Khng lo ho nhit cao vi dung dch ty ra nng, nc nng, khng c. Khng lo ho nhit cao khi tip xc vi ng v cc kim loi khc. Vi cng ngh p phun, thng thng compoud PP c n nh c dng sn xut cc trang thit b nh bp v ni tht, thit b v sinh, gt giy, dng gia nh( chn a), chiPP khng nhit c n nh chu c dung dch ty ra dng sn xut cc b phn my git gia nh v trong cng nghip dt, v d li qun ch b phn nhum, cc phn ca my mc in tip xc dy ng. Trong lnh vc
phng tin vn chuyn, nhiu loi PP khng hoc c gia cng c dng: v acquy, ca thng gi xe hi, vlng xe hi , b lc kh, thanh chn bn. Ci hm phanh.
C- POLYSTYRENE (PS) a s cc sn phm lm t h nha styrene gia cng p phun. Nha styrene c co rt nh, chnh xc kch thc cao. Nha styrene c bin tnh cao su c u im to sn phm ln do dng chy tt.
Cc loi nha styrene c tnh cht dn in rt tt, kh nng c cc chi tit chnh xc cao, gi thnh va phi. Chng dng cho cc p dng cch in, cc phn kt cu ca cng ngh in t v truyn thng: nh in thoi ( v bc ABS, cc phn bn trong SB v SAN ).
SB v ABS khng va p nhit thp tt nn c dng sn xut cc phn v bc trong v ngoi trong k ngh lnh.
Trong ngnh phng thin giao thng, SB v terpolymer dng lm lp lt , v bc, bng iu khin, b ti nhit, ABS dng lm thn xe hi th thao
D- POLYVINYL CHLORIRE(PVC) PVC khng th gia cng mt mnh m phi trn cc ph gia : cht n nh nhit- quang, cht bi trn, cht ho do, cht tr gia cng
Loi PVC
PVC cng
55 -
60
56 -
60
PVC ho do
65 -
70
55 -
60
Tnh co rt ca PVC trong p phun ph thuc cu hnh khun v iu kin phun. Gi tr thng thng 2 4% theo hng phun v 1 2 % theo phng ngang, c th ln hn tuz trng hp.
PVC cng thng p khp ni ng v cc chi tit k thut, PVC do thng p thm, m trm bo v, nt bm, khung bo v v gn knh xe, chi do, xe p, thanh hm vlng xe hi, phch cm in, giy, ng, sandal.
Polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) Trong p phun, PMMA kh chy hn polystyrene, nn u l hoc cng phun cn c ng knh ln.Cn thit sy kh vt liu trc khi gia cng b mt sn phm p ( vt liu nhit 70 100*C , 4 5 gi, d cao ca khi vt liu khng qu 4 cm ). Nhit khun cao lm gim nng sut nhng gim ng sut trong sn phm c.
Styrene-acrylonit-copol(SAN) SAN p phun 210C, 150 bar, co rt 0.5%. Vt liu phi gi kh. Vt liu ny phi nng chy khi c nht cao.
SAN dng cho cc dng bao b trong sut, khng v, tip xc thc phm nhy oxy ho v UV.
Polyoxymethylene(POM) POM l 1 lai nha k thut, c tnh cng cao ngay c nhit thp (nhit chuyn tinh 60*C,duy tr tnh khng v va p -40C), mi mn thp. POM thng c dng lm cc chi tit k thut trong may o kim,in t,c kh chnh xc
ngt gia cng ph thuc vo nhit khun, ln hn 3% xung n khang 1%. Nhit gia cng khng qu 220C v gy nguy him do phn hy to kh formaldehyde.
Polyamide(PA)
PA,gia cng khong 50%, l cht do k thut thng s dng nht,p dng trong
cc lnh vc ch yu yu cu bn va p,khng chn ng,hp thu ting n v rung ng,bn n mn v mn: m ma st,con ln,thanh dn chuyn ng trt, cht an tonPA cn c dng trong cng ngh in v in t nh vt liu cch nhit c bn ko v chu nhit nh thanh chuyn mch,cc phn c k thut thut khng xng du di mui xe hi.
Khun nn gi nhit nhit cao >10OC cho kt tinh cao,khng tp trung ng sut, cu trc ng nht v cng b mt cao. Thng gia nhit khun 140 170C
M t
Nguyn Nhn
1.1 cc ng sc do m:
hin
theo
hng
Thnh phn m qu cao, hi nc c hnh thnh trong sut qu trnh chy lm cho b mt sn phm hng.
< 0.1 %
1.Nha b phn hu do nhit qu cao, hoc thi gian lu ca vt liu trong my qu lu.
2. Nhit ma st sinh ra do s trt ca vt liu qua cng phun hp hoc do thay i dng chy trong sn phm.
1. Gim tc phun
4. Gim nhit chy, tc quay ca trc vt, thi gian lu nguyn liu
( nu cn thit c th
1.3 Cc sc sm mu :
Cc sc mu t xm n en.
qu su.
2. Cc
im
4. S
gim p
ca trc vt qu ln v nhanh.
1.Tng
nhit
trong vng nhp liu vt liu chy d dng; dng trc vt ph hp.
1.4 Cc sc mu
Mu sc khc nhau
1.Cht to mu phn tn khng u, s tp trung ca mu, mu khng ph hp, s nh hng theo dng chy ca cc cht mu v c, mu b phn hy nhit.
3. Cht bn.
thnh
cc lp,s tng hp
Rt kh nhn dng bi v
b mt khng b nt.
Sn
phm
thng
gia cc lp.
2. Cc
cht
batch to mu.
2. Trnh cc cht bn v
3. Weld line
Cc vt hnh ch V, cc ng mu khc nhau, c bit khi dng mu v c th wild line xut hin l cc ng mu xm.
thy
trong
Xut hin trong nhiu h nh: ABS hoc ASA. Cc dng chy ngui lnh gp nhau.
C th thit k a cc ng wild line vo cc v tr khng thy c v khng chu va p( ci thin dng chy, hn ch dng chy ), kim tra thit k: nu cn thit th m rng cun phun, cng v bec phun ca my, trnh thay i b dy sn phm t ngt v in khun khng ng nht, t van kh ph hp. Ti u nhit chy, nhit b mt khun v tc phun, dng cht to mu mi( hu c hoc v c, c thnh phn mu cao hn ). Dng vt liu c nht thp hn.
4.1 Bt kh :
1. Trong sut qu trnh in khun, khng kh c gi li trong sn phm ti nhng vng gn b mt sn phm.
1.Gim s mt p sut ca trc vt hoc gim lc p bng cch gim tc (c bit khi bt kh c hnh thnh ngay gn cng phun)
Lm
ngui
cc
vng
6. Cc l nh :
rt vo trong
Kim tra xem nhit iu khin ng cha, ci p sut gi,thi gian gi v vng m ph hp.
Tng kch thc cng phun ti nhng vng dy v tng ng knh ca cung phun v cng phun cho nha in y sn phm.
1.Bi v c s khc bit v b dy, nh l s thay i bt ng v b dy, cc gn iu khin co rt l ni c bng cao trn b mt ca kt cu.
2.Cc vng m thng xut hin trn cc sn phm lng c kt cu phc tp( s gia tng b dy t ngt,gn ). Trong cng mt thi gian th qu trnh in khun khng u.
3.Trn cc ng lin lu
2.Ti u hnh dng sn phm v in khun. VD: thay i tc phun cc nhau. nh bng sn phm cui cng
vng
khc
3. a cc v tr wild line vo nhng vng khng nhn thy bng cch tng tnh chy hay hn ch.
v giao lu gy ra do
dng chy.
8. Cc vt rn
Gy ra do tc ng vt qu mc cho php.
2. Do ng sut d to thnh.
gia
4. C th do phun cht
1.Gim lc tc ng ln khun t bn ngoi hoc dng nha nhit do t nhy cm vi ng sut hn.Ti u thit k khun.
3.Tng nhit b mt khun v nhit chy ca nha, gim p sut duy tr, ci li thi gina v tc phun cho ph hp, mc ch l gim ng sut trong gia cng, khng ly ra khi khun vi mt ng sut qu d,chn c cu li sn phm v m bo ly sn phm mt lc ln m khng h sn phm, thay i iu kin cung v cng phun; thay i
thit k sn phm.
9. Hiu ng mi hn:
1.Khun
2.S hp dng ca mt s dng chy.Trong c hai trng hp kh c hnh thnh trong cc khun c nn cao v nha b qu nhit.
2. Nhn dng cc vng c trung bng phn tch moldfolw, VD, thit k hnh dng ng v phn b b dy sn phm hp l.
3. Sn phm
b cong vnh
1.H thng ly sn phm: qu t hoc cc thanh li t khong ng v tr hoc din tich b mt ca thnh li qu nh.
2.Ct xn,
phng
hoc cc rnh.
4.S co rt ca li trong sut qu trnh p v lm ngui. Nhit li sn phm qu cao. Tc li hoc p sut li cao.
li sn phm
2.Ti u h thng ly sn phm, chc chn s lng thanh li ph hp. Cc thanh li cn t nhng vng cn lc li ln hn nh ti gn
4.Lm
ngui
li
cn bng.
11. Cc ng vn :
phn
5.Ti u cc thng s gia cng( tng nhit chy, tng nhit khun, phun vi tc trung bnh v tn p sut gi, ci thin h thng van thot kh )
12.B mt b vn :
theo
chiu
2.Do dng chy b lm lnh qu nhanh b mt khun, lm cn tr dng chy trong khun, do dng chy gia cc lp khng ng nht.Cc lp
1.Tng
nhit
thm cung
vi khun.
phun.
Khun khng c in y
2.Tng th tch ohun v kim tra h thng van mt chiu ( th tch phun qu nh, khng c vng m). Tng p sut ngc.
14.Ba via
Thng dng chy c dng ngon ngoo, c th nhn thy trn b mt khun. Cc vt dng chy th, c mu sc hoc bng khc nhau.
Dng chy c phun trc tip vo cc khun m khng tip xc vi thnh khun. Do lp ngoi b ngui nn c s chy khng ng nht vi phn cn li. Kt qu gy hin tng weld lines, khng ng nht v lm ngui v ng sut ni.Gy ra do v tr cng phun sai.
1. Ti u tc phun
4. S
dng
tc phun thay i
1. Trnh ng sut ni bng cch chn vt liu v hnh dng sn phm ( cn bng vt liu v hnh thnh sn phm ( cn bng b giy). Ti u khun bng chng trnh
2.Thng
thy nha
2.Gim tc fun
3..Ni rng ra
CHNG 5:
......................................................
Thi gian chu kz p phun v cch rt ngn thi gian chu kz. Thi gian chu kz p phun: Thi gian chu kz p phun l khong thi gian cn thit nha in y lng khun v b dy sn phm ng c khong 90%. Nh vy thi gian chu kz s l tng cc khong thi gian ca tng giai on p phun. Cc khong thi gian ny l:
Thi gian phun. Thi gian gi: gm thi gian nh hnh v thi gian lm lnh. Thi gian m khun. Thi gian ng khun: khng ng k, c th b qua. Cch rt ngn thi gian chu kz: Thng thng thi gian chu kz tng l do:
Nhit ca khun v nhit chy do ca nha cao. H thng lm ngui thit k khng tt.
Tn nhiu thi gian trong giai on phun v gi. Nh vy, gim thi gian chu kz ta s gii quyt cc vn sau:
Gim thi gian phun. Gim thi gian gi Gim thi gian lm lnh n mc ti thiu. Gim thi gian phun: vic ny lin quan n vn mt p, s lng khun v b dy sn phm. Mt p: xy ra trn h thng knh dn v ming phun. Mt p t th cc lng khun s in y nhanh hn nn thi gian in y gim v ngc li. Knh dn ln s lm gim s mt p nhng lm tng thi gian lm lnh i vi knh dn ngui v nh hng n nhit chy do ca nha trong knh dn nng. Ming phun ln cng lm gim s mt p nhng s li vt trn sn phm. Nh vy, gim thi gian phun ta cn phi thit k h thng phun nha c kch thc hp l. S lng khun: s lng khun nhiu th thi gian phun s tng nhng trong thit k s lng khun phi m bo theo yu cu khch hng nn ta khng th gim s lng khun. Tuy nhin ta c th ci thin thi gian phun bng cc gim thiu chiu di h thng knh dn. B dy sn phm: nha s chy d hn trong nhng vng c b dy dy hn. V th ta cn phi thit k b dy sn phm mt cch hp l hoc c th b tr thm ming phun khi b dy cu sn phm qu mng gim thi gian phun. Mi loi vt liu c chiu di dng chy ca ring n nn ta cn xem datasheet ca chng iu chnh p sut phun hp l{, c bit l khi t l L/t 200 (L: chiu di sng chy, t: b dy) Nha d chy qua vng c b dy ln.
Gim thi gian gi: ng knh ming phun rng th thi gian gi s tng. V th ta c th gim ng knh ming phun gim thi gian gi nhng cn phi m bo rng cc lng khun phi c in y. Nu khng th gim ng knh ming phun th ta c th ti thiu ha thi gian gi trn my p phun. Gim thi gian lm lnh: c 2 yu t nh hng n thi gian lm lnh l nhit khun v nhit chy do ca nha. Nu mt trong 2 yu t ny tng th thi gian lm lnh s tng v thi gian chu kz cng s rng. V vy mun gim thi gian lm lnh th ta phi bit iu chnh nhit ca khun v nhit chy do ca nha mt cch hp l. ....................................................
Chng 9 :
BO QUN KHUN
Kim tra khun: Khun l loi dng c chuyn hnh nh, l sn phm i hi cn c chnh xc cao do vy sau khi gia cng cn phi kim tra khun v cc chi tit trong khun m bo yu cu k thut. C cc hnh thc kim tra nh sau:
+ o chnh xc lp rp ca khun .
+ o nhm b mt.
Lp t khun. Theo qui tc chung, phi kim tra cc im sau y trc khi lp t khun:
Nu khun c s dng t trc, xem xt xem n c kim tra hoc sa cha ch hng cha?.
Kim tra u vo v ra ca knh nc bng cch thi kh nn chc chn rng knh nc thng v sch.
Chc chn vng nh v n khp chnh xc vi l tm ca tm khun c nh. iu s m bo thng hng chc chn ca cung phun v vi phun.
Theo quy tc thc t, chc chn trng lng ln nht ca pht n l cho khi lng ca sn phm.
Mt thc t tt l kim tra song song ca hai tm khun trc khi lp khun, kim tra cc bu lng kp vng an ton c kp chc chn khng, cc tr c bm bi bn hoc phoi kim loi khng.
t khun vo hai na ng vo nhau. iu ngn nga hai na khun khi b cc h hng c th xy ra trong khi lp khun.
Khng nn c gng lp khun nng bng tay, cn s dng my nng cn cu ph hp hoc c cu xch rng rc. Xch rng rc c th iu chnh chm nhng rt tt.
Gi cho xch cng vi khun cho n khi c hai na gn cht vo tm khun. i vi khun nng, l mt thc t tt trnh kp bulng lp tm di ng trnh bt kz mt chuyn ng i xung no ca khun trong qu trnh.
Trong lc tho khun, khng bao gi c g ba vo khun trong khi cc bulng an ton vn cn cht, nu khng s lm hng khun v b phn my ni vi khun. trong khi khun cn c gi bi xch ch ni lng mt na bulng an ton v lm cc iu chnh cn thit thng qua bulng.
Hot ng ca khun. m bo cht lng ca sn phm tt, khun phi c duy tr nhit lm vic ca n.
Khi tho khun bng tay, khng nn s dng dng c kim loi cng hoc cnh sc trnh b xc b mt khun hoc cc cnh sc c th lm cho b mt phn khun khng quy tc. N to nn khe h dc theo ng phn khun ca sn phm.
Ngi th iu khin my phi xem xt cc khun c sn sng lm vic khng. Ni cch khc nu c iu g bt thng phi dng my ngay v bo cho ngi lp khun c nhng o c iu chnh cn thit.
Nu my khng c s dng qua m th cn bi trn ln b mt nhn bng ca khun mt lp mng kerosin hoc turpenline.
Trc khi ngh cn cho h thng nc lm ngui lin tc c tun hon cho n khi khun ngui.
Lu gi khun. Cn phi gi sn phm cui cng c tho ra khi khun lm tham kho cho bt kz s sa cha no. Cn lm nhn ca sn phm vi tn ca n, kch thc, vt liu, s khun v s sn xut ca chnh sn phm .
Tt c cc b phn khun cn c kim tra v sa cha trc khi a vo kho n thng xuyn sn sng cho n khi c yu cu sn xut tip theo.
Cc khun c xc nh l s khng a vo sn xut cn phi c tho ra, loi ra, cho cc gi hoc phng cha khun khng c ln khun h hng.
Di chuyn tt c cc u lp knh nc v chng d b h hng khi lu tr. Thi kh nn vo u vo ca knh nc cho n khi nc ra ht v h cho n kh. y kn mt u knh nc cho n khi nc ra ht v h cho n kh, y kn mt u knh v rt vo knh nc mt loi du khong thch hp. Chc chn rng mi phn ca knh c bi du th tho du khi knh v nt tt c cc ming knh bng nt kim loi mu. lm iu gi khun c lu di.
i vi khun c l xo khng nn ng cht, t cc nm cao su ph hp trng thi m khun gi cho l xo v tr tho lng v bt kn cc l bng cc bng trnh bn hoc hi m. i vi khun nh ch cn cho vo trong ti nilng l c.