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754 Photoelectric Sensors

1. Outline
TE CHNICAL GU IDE
A photoelectric sensor emits a light beam (visible or infrared) from its light-emitting element. A reectivetype photoelectric sensor is used to detect the light beam reected from the target. A thrubeam type sensor is used to measure the change in light quantity caused by the target crossing the optical axis.
Reective type
Light-emitting element Target

Light beam emission methods


Pulse emission KEYENCE photoelectric sensors employ the pulse light beam emission method and use an LED or a semiconductor laser as the light source. This allows the sensor to emit, at intervals, a strong light beam of preset pulse duration, enabling a long-detecting distance, and stable detection with minimal interference from external light.
Light-emitting quantity

Light-receiving element

Reflected light beam

Thrubeam type
Transmitter Light beam Light-emitting element Target Receiver

Light beam is intercepted Light-receiving element

Features
Non-contact detection Non-contact detection eliminates damage either to the target or sensor head, ensuring long service life and maintenance-free operation. Detection of targets of virtually any material Detection is based on the quantity of light received, or the change in the quantity of reected light. This method allows detection of diverse targets such as glass, metal, plastics, wood, and liquid. Long-detecting distance The reective-type photoelectric sensor has a detecting distance of up to 2 m 6.6', the thrubeam type has a detecting distance of up to 40 m 131.2', and the retro-reective type has a detecting distance of up to 50 m 164'. High response speed The photoelectric sensor is capable of a response speed as high as 20 s. Color differentiation possible The sensor has the ability to detect light from an object based on the reectivity of its color, thus permitting color detection and differentiation. Highly accurate detection A unique optical system and a precision electronic circuit allows highly accurate positioning and detection of minute objects.
Time

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Continuous emission This allows the sensor to continuously emit a preset quantity of light. However, This method does not provide a long-detecting distance, due to weak light beams resulting from the limited current level of the light-emitting element, and is also vulnerable to extraneous light. Its response speed is also higher than that of the pulse beam emission method.
Light-emitting quantity

Time

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Detection conguration and features


Type Thrubeam
Target

Detection conguration

Features
Detection occurs when the target crosses the optical axis between transmitter and receiver. Long-detecting distance Stable detecting position  Opaque objects detectable regardless of shape, color or material Powerful beam Detection occurs when the target crosses the optical axis between sensor head and reector. Reector allows installation in a limited space Simple wiring  Longer detecting distance than the diffuse-reective sensor type Easily-adjustable optical axis  Opaque objects detectable regardless of shape, color, or material

Transmitter

Receiver

Retro-reective
Target Reflector

Diffuse-reective
Target

Detection occurs when the light beam, emitted to the target, is reected by the target and received. Space-saving (requires installation of sensor unit only) Adjustment of optical axis not required Reective transparent objects detectable Color differentiation possible

Focused-beam reective

Target

Detection occurs when the beam spot, emitted to the target, is reected by the target and received. Minute objects detectable Target markings detectable Detection possible through narrow openings between machines Visible beam spot

Small-spot denitereective

Target

The transmitting and receiving portions are constructed at an angle, allowing detection within the limited area where the optical axes intersect. Effect of target background is minimal Low hysteresis Slight height differences are detectable Visible beam spot

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Fixed-distance

Target

Detects the target at a specic distance according to the angle of the reected light beam. Unaffected by highly reective targets or backgrounds  Stable detection of materials with varying reectance and color Highly accurate detection of minute objects Visible beam spot

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Luster recognition

Target

When the light beam hits a target, the beam reects differently according to the luster of the target. The sensor detects the difference in luster based on how the beam reects (specular or diffusive). On-line detection is possible. Detection is not affected by target color. Transparent targets can be detected.

Optical passage conrmation


Target

The detecting area is formed by uniform parallel beams. When a target passes through this area, the received light quantity changes. Detection is performed based only on this change. Minute targets can be detected. Only moving targets are detected. Detection is less affected by dirt or dust on the lens.

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Photoelectric Sensors

2. Glossary
Glossary
Term
Thrubeam type
Transmitter Receiver

Conguration

Denition

Detecting distance

Retro-reective type
Reflector

The maximum distance from the transmitter to the receiver that permits the receiver to stably receive a light beam emitted from the transmitter (thrubeam type) or reected from the reector (retroreective type).

Detecting distance
Detecting distance

Reective types (diffuse, small-spot denite, focusedbeam, narrow-beam, distance-specic)


Standard target Detecting distance Reset distance Detecting distance

The maximum distance from the sensor head to a standard target that permits the sensor head to stably detect a light beam reected from the standard target.

Hysteresis
Hysteresis ON OFF t Light received Light shielded t t= Response time

 For a reective-type photoelectric sensor, the difference between the reset distance and the detecting distance using a standard target.  Hysteresis of photoelectric sensor is represented as a ratio to the detecting distance (X% of detecting distance).  The reset distance refers to the distance from the light-receiving surface of a sensor head to the point at which sensor resets for subsequent detection.

Response time
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The minimum period of time required for a sensor to detect the presence of a light beam and output an ON signal, or to detect the absence of a light beam and output an OFF signal.

Control ON output OFF

Thrubeam and retro-reective types


Transmitter
ON (without target)

Receiver

LIGHT-ON

Reective type
Sensor head ON (with target)

An operating mode that allows the sensor head to output an ON signal when the prescribed light quantity, or more, is detected.

Thrubeam and retro-reective types


Transmitter
ON (with target)

Receiver

DARK-ON
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Reective type
Sensor head
ON (without target)

An operating mode that allows the sensor head to output an ON signal when the prescribed light quantity, or more, is blocked by the target.

White mat paper Incandescent lamp

Ambient light

Transmitter

Receiver

The maximum amount of ambient light received by the lightreceiving surface of the sensor that allows a sensor to function normally.

Illuminance meter

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Self-diagnostic function
When optical misalignment or dirt or dust on the lens decreases the received light quantity, it results in unstable detection. An alarm output or indicator light is activated to inform the operator of a need for maintenance. Misaligned optical axis

turned on. Operation chart


The received light quantity does not exceed the stable operation level 31 times Stable operation continuously. 1 2 3 31 level Detection level 8 seconds ON Control output OFF Stability output The received light quantity does not exceed the stable operation level 8 seconds continuously.

Dirt or dust accumulation on lens

Note:  When several units are connected, the stability outputs of all the units are output from the main unit based on OR logic. PZ2 Series The stable operation indicator (green LED) of each sensor turns OFF when the received light quantity exceeds 70% or drops below 150% of the operating level. While the stable operation indicator is OFF, detection is unstable and erroneous detection may occur.
Relative level of 1.5 received light quantity
1 0.7

FS01 and PS01 Series When the received light quantity exceeds the detection level but does not exceed the stable operation level 31 times continuously or for 8 seconds continuously, the stability output is activated. Reset: When the stability output is activated, clean the front surface of the sensor head or realign the optical axis, so that the stable operation indicator (green LED) lights again. The stability output is reset when detection occurs with the stable operation indicator (green LED)

Stable operation level Operation level Stable light-interruption level

Operation indicator Stable operation indicator

ON OFF ON OFF

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3. Light Source Types


KEYENCE photoelectric sensors use a red LED, green LED, infrared LED, red laser diode or infrared laser diode as the light source. These light sources have the following features. Therefore, by properly choosing a light source according to your application, excellent detection results can be obtained. Reference graph: Light source and wavelength
1.0
Relative radiation power Wavelength data (typ.)

Type

Features
Visible beam spot Color mark detection (Differentiating white, red or yellow color from black, blue or green color) Allows long-distance detection because light beam is powerful. Does not damage unexposed lm. Visible beam spot Suited for detection of subtle differences because light attenuation factor is high. Color mark detection (Differentiating white, yellow or orange color from black, green, red or blue color)

Model
FS01, FS2-60/62/65, PS-206/47/49, FS-V, PZ-V/M, PZ2, PZ-101, PZ-G, PX PX, PS, PQ, PG, PW, PZ-G

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Red LED

Infrared LED

0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1,000 1,050
Wavelength (nm)

Green LED

FS-V21G/V22G, FS-T1G, FS2-60G

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4  Infrared semiconductor laser 1 Green LED 5 Infrared LED 2 Red LED 3  Red semiconductor laser

Laser diode (Red, infrared)

Allows minute targets to be detected due to an extremely small beam spot. Allows long-distance detection with LV, GV focused light beam. Red laser diode and infrared laser diode are available, and have the same features as red LED and infrared LED, respectively.

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Photoelectric Sensors

4. Fiber Photoelectric Sensors


The photoelectric sensor incorporates optical bers and can be installed in areas of limited space. Stable operation in harsh environment The optical bers are unaffected by electrical noise as no electric current ows through them. Heat-resistant The heat-resistant ber unit allows detection in a high temperature environment (350C (662F) max).

1. Operating principle and types


Operating principle The optical ber consists of the core and the cladding, which have different refractive indexes. The light beam travels through the core by repeatedly bouncing off the wall of the cladding. The light beam, having passed through the ber without any loss in light quantity, is dispersed at an angle of approximately 60 and emitted to the target.
Optical fiber LED Cladding (low refractive index) Core (high refractive index)

3. Shape
The optical ber sensors are divided into two categories: thrubeam and reective. The thrubeam type comprises a transmitter and a receiver. The reective type, which is a single unit, is available in 3 types: parallel, coaxial, and separate, according to the shape of the cross-section of the optical ber.
Type
Parallel

Description Generally used for plastic bers.

Approx. 60

Coaxial

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 Optical ber types Plastic-ber The core of the plastic-ber consists of one or more acrylic-resin bers 0.25 to 1 mm 0.01" to 0.04" in diameter, encased in a polyethylene sheath. Plastic bers are light, cost-effective, and exible and are used for the majority of optical ber photoelectric sensors. Glass-ber The glass-ber consists of 10 to 100 m 0.39 to 3.94 Mil diameter glass bers encased in stainless steel tubing, allowing it to be used at high operating temperatures (350C (662F) max.).

High-precision type, consisting of a core (transmitter) and surrounding area (receiver). The operating position can remain the same regardless of the direction from which the target enters the detecting area. This type, containing several 10 m0.39 Mil glass bers in diameter, has separate areas for the transmitter and receiver.

Separate

4. Bend radius
Excessively bent optical ber will result in loss of light, causing reduced detection accuracy. KEYENCE bers are available with extra-small bending radius. Retention of light quantity vs. bend radius (typ.)
FU-6F plastic fiber (standard type) 100 Retention (%) Retention (%) 5 10 15 20 25 30 1.20" 0.39" 0.59" 0.79"0.98"1.18" Bend radius (mm inch) 90 80 70 60 50 0 FU-67 plastic fiber (tough-flex type) 100 90 80 70 60 50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.04"0.08" 0.12"0.16 0.20"0.24" Bend radius (mm inch)

2. Features
Versatile installation A exible optical ber is employed for easy installation in areas such as small spaces between machines. Detection of small objects The light-emitting surface of the sensor head is extremely compact for stable detection of small objects.

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5. Fiber length and detecting distance


The detecting distance of a ber photoelectric sensor varies depending on the ber length.

Fiber length vs. detecting distance (typ.)


Detecting distance (mm inch) Detecting distance (mm inch) FU-6F reflective type 80 60 40 20 0 With FS2-60 3.15" 2.36" 1.57" 0.79" FU-7F thrubeam type 160 120 80 40 0 With FS2-60G 2 4 6 8 10 6.6' 13.1' 19.7' 26.2' 32.8' Fiber length (m feet) 6.30" 4.72" 3.15" 1.57"

With FS2-60

With FS2-60G 2 4 6 8 10 6.6' 13.1' 19.7' 26.2' 32.8' Fiber length (m feet)

6. Liquid level detection ber units


Detecting principle of liquid level detection ber unit Liquid immersion type (FU-93) When the ber unit tip is present in the air, the emitted light is entirely reected by the ber units PFA sheath and returns back to the receiver because the refraction factor between the PFA sheath and air is large. On the other hand, when the ber unit tip is immersed in liquid, most of the emitted light is radiated into the liquid and does not return back to the receiver because the refraction factor between the PFA sheath and liquid is small. The FU-93 detects presence or absence of Air liquid by using the above Air characteristics.
Liquid Liquid

Tube-mountable type (FU-95) When the tube, to which the ber unit is mounted, contains no liquid, the emitted light is reected by the inside wall of the tube and returns back to the receiver because the refraction factor between the tube and air is large. On the other hand, when the tube contains liquid, most of the emitted light is radiated into the liquid and does not return back to the receiver because the refraction factor between the tube and liquid is small. The FU-95 detects presence or absence of liquid by using the above characteristics.
No liquid is contained. Liquid is contained.

7. Color differentiation charts


For color differentiation, choose a light source producing a distinct difference in the Red Yellow reectance of the 2 colors to be differentiated (i.e. select a light source that allows the sensitivity setting positions, corresponding to the 2 colors being discriminated, to be as far apart as possible). The charts below give reference data for color differentiation. Detection is, however, affected by the surface condition and luminosity of the target. Conrm the sensitivity difference of the colors to be differentiated using the actual target.

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Red LED

A  mplier: FS-T1, FS-V1 Fiber unit: FU-6F Setting distance: 15 mm 0.59"


White Red 950 945 941 938 927 735 720 540 370 305 149 123 121 108 100 90 0 200 400 600 Received light level 800 1,000

Green LED

A  mplier: FS-T1G Fiber unit: FU-6F Setting distance: 5 mm 0.02"


White Yellow Silver 508 506 483 455 401 319 317 143 140 116 112 92 90 78 64 60 0 100 200 300 400 Received light level 500 600

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Yellowish orange Orange Yellow Silver Gold Reddish purple Purple Yellowish green Green Greenish blue Bluish green Blue Dark blue Black

Yellowish orange Gold Orange Yellowish green Greenish blue Green Red Bluish green Reddish purple Blue Purple Dark blue Black

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The received light level is a value which numerically expresses the light quantity received by the sensor.  The previous chart contains sample colors. Note that they may differ slightly from those used in obtaining the data due to print quality. How to read the chart The chart shows the difference in received light quantity between the FS-T1 and FS-V1 (red LED) and the FS-T1G (green LED) manufactured by KEYENCE.  Guide to color differentiation When the received light level of one colors is 110% or more of the intermediate value of the two colors to be differentiated, the sensor stably detects the light being received. When the received light level is 90% or less, the sensor stably detects the light being interrupted. Example: To differentiate red and white From the chart, the FS-T1 (red LED) shows similar received light levels for white and red; while the FS-T1G shows some difference. To calculate the excess gain of color differentiation, perform the following calculation:
Received light quantity with white target + Received light quantity with red target Intermediate value = 2 508 + 116 = 312 2 508 Excess gain of white color = x 100 = 162% 312 = The sensor stably detects the light being received. Excess gain of red color = 116 x 100 = 37% 312

The sensor stably detects the light being interrupted. Therefore, the FS-T1G can stably differentiate red and white targets.

5. Reading Characteristic Charts


Operating distance vs. detecting distance
Ex. PZ-41(P)/41L(P)
40 Operating level (600 mm) 23.62" Operating level (300 mm) 11.81" 1.57" 0.79"

Receiver excess gain vs. detecting distance


This graph shows the level of excess gain at various set distances, under optimal sensitivity conditions, and serves to indicate the sensor setting range at specic distances. In the chart, the PZ-51(P) is provided with a range (excess gain) 5 times greater than the rated stable operating level and a detecting distance of 7 m 23.0'. The greater the excess gain, the less disturbance the sensor receives from external conditions.

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20 X 40 Y 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 3.94" 11.81" 19.69" 27.56" Distance X (mm inch)

0.79" 1.57"

Excess gain

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20

This graph shows the points, Ex. PZ-51(P)/51L(P) at various set distances, where the reective-type sensor can detect a standard 100 target traveling perpendicular to the optical axis when the maximum detecting distance is provided. The graph is used to conrm the detecting 10 distance of an object travelling perpendicular to the Stable optical axis. Operating level
1.5 1
0

Distance Y (mm inch)

Operating level

2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 78.74" 236.22" 393.70" 551.18"

Detecting distance (mm inch)

Parallel displacement of optical axis


Ex. PZ-51(P)/51L(P)
500 400 300 Distance Y (mm) 200 100 0 100 200 300 400 500 Y X 1,000 3,000 5,000 7,000 9,000 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000
78.74" 157.48" 236.22" 314.96" 393.70"

Detecting distance vs. object size


This graph shows the points, at various distances, where a receiver (reector, if retroreective type) perpendicular to the optical axis detects a light beam emitted from a transmitter. It is used to conrm the displacement of the receiver (or reector) to its optical axis. Ex. PZ-41(P)/41L(P)
1000 800 Distance Y (mm inch) Operating level Stable operating level
39.37"

Operating level Stable operating level

19.69" 15.75" 11.81" 7.87" 3.94" 3.94" 7.87" 11.81" 15.75" 19.69"

31.50"

600

23.62" Stable operating level is calibrated so that the detecting distance is 600 mm 15.75" for 200 mm square target. 23.62" 7.87"

This graph shows the effect of the size of a target (white mat paper) on the detecting distance. The area covered by the light beam can be veried for a given detecting distance. It is used to determine target size.

Distance X (mm inch)

400

200

White mat paper 0 50 1.97"

a a

7.87"

100 150 200 3.94" 5.91" 7.87" One side of target a (mm inch)

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Detecting area
Ex. FS2-65, FU-4F
Target: copper wire 2 Distance Y (mm inch) 1 0 1 2 0.5 Dia. 0.02" 0.3 0.01" 0.004" 0.1 0.03 0.001" X Y 0.08" 0.04"

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Optical axis angle


This graph shows the Ex. PZ-51/51L(P) relationship between target Operating diameter (copper wire) and 10,000 level detecting area. For example, Stable according to the graph a operating level copper wire of 0.1 mm 0.04" in diameter can be detected within the shaded area.
Distance Y (mm inch) 5,000

393.70"

This graph shows the permissible angle of the receiver to the optical axis of the transmitted beam for a thrubeam type sensor.

196.85"

0.04" 0.08"

2 0.08"

4 6 0.16" 0.24" Distance X (mm inch)

40

20

20 40 Operating angle ()

Interference area
Ex. FS2-60, FU-65
6 Operating area Distance Y (mm inch)

Hysteresis
Photoelectric sensors placed Ex. FS2-65, FU-4F side by side may detect light Detecting beams from other Hysteresis distance transmitters, resulting in 6 unstable detection. The problem may be solved by 5 ON OFF Target: 50 x 50 separating the sensors by a 1.97" x 1.97" 4 specied distance. This graph White mat paper is used to determine that 3 distance.
Hysteresis (mm inch) 2 1 0 10 20 30 0.39" 0.79" 1.18" Detecting distance X (mm inch)

This graph shows the level of hysteresis measured at various set distances.
0.24" 0.20" 0.16" 0.12" 0.08" 0.04"

0.24"

4 Interference area X 2 Y
White mat paper

0.16"

0.08"

2 0.08"

4 6 0.16" 0.24" Distance X (mm inch)

6. Connections
Parallel connection (OR logic circuit) and serial connection (AND logic circuit)
Example: OR logic circuit (for NPN open-collector output sensors)
Brown Black Blue Brown Black Blue Load 12 to 24 VDC Photoelectric Sensors Safety Light Curtains Ultrasonic Sensors Proximity Sensors Pressure Sensors Load N.C. Power supply PLCs Counters Barcode Readers Vision Systems Displacement Sensors Optical Micrometers Microscope Laser Markers Enclosure Rating Communication Method

Example: AND logic circuit (for NPN open-collector output sensors)


Brown Black Blue Brown Black External relay 12 to 24 VDC

Blue Connect the external relay as N.C. * For AND circuit, select the operation mode opposite of that actually required. If LIGHT-ON output is required, select the DARK-ON mode.

Connection to PLC NPN open-collector type


PLC (KV Series) Brown (+) Black (output) Blue (0 V) COM IN 24 VDC

PNP open-collector type


Brown Black (output) Blue (0 V) 24 VDC PLC (KV Series) COM IN

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7. Hints on Correct Use


1. Mounting
Type External disturbance
Target

Solution
Position a light-shield so that the receiver will not detect a light beam travelling below the target.
Light-shield Target

Target

Thrubeam
The receiver may detect a light beam reected by the mounting surface.

Readjust the mounting height

Raise the mounting position of the sensor head.

A rough mounting surface may reect the light beam, causing unstable detection.

Readjust the mounting height

Change the mounting height, or angle of the sensor head.

Target Target

Reective

Black background Target

Provide a background object of low reectance, such as a black wall, to prevent the sensor from detecting a reected light beam.

An object in the background may reect the light beam, causing unstable detection.

Provide distance

Provide as great a distance as possible between the target and background object.

The small-spot denite-reective type or xed-distance type, whose detection is not affected by background objects, is recommended in cases where the above solutions are not possible.

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2.  Alignment of optical axis (thrubeam type)


1.  Place the transmitter and the receiver face-to-face in a straight line. 2.  Rotate the receiver clockwise or counterclockwise to nd the range where the indicator LED lights. Set the receiver at the mid-point of the range. 3. Follow the same procedure for vertical alignment.

This allows mirror-surfaced targets to be stably detected.


Reflector The horizontal component of the light wave is emitted.

When the horizontal component of the light wave strikes against the reflector, it scatters in all directions. Reflector The horizontal component of the light wave is emitted.

Transmitter

Receiver

When the polarized light wave strikes against a mirror-surfaced target, it does not scatter.

3. Mounting environment
Detecting shiny targets (retro-reective type) To detect mirror-surfaced targets, a retro-reective type sensor with the P.R.O. (polarized reective options) function (PZ2-61) is recommended. A sensor with the P. R.O. function has an optical system which is constructed so that the emitter emits only the horizontal component of the light wave and the receiver receives only the vertical component.

When using a retro-reective type sensor that is not equipped with P.R.O. function, install the sensor head so that the distance from the target (L) is as far as possible, and the optical axis is at 30 to 45 degree-angle to the target.
L

Target 30 to 45

Reflector

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Interference When 2 or more sensors are installed side-by-side without sufcient distance between adjacent sensors, the receiver may detect a light beam emitted from the receiver of another unit, disturbing sensor operation. This phenomenon is called interference. Suggestions for eliminating interference 1.  Use a sensor head with interference-prevention. (Interference-prevention type sensors can be mounted side-by-side.) 2.  Use a sensor head that can be switched to an alternate frequency. (Can be closely mounted.) 3.  Allow sufcient distance between sensor heads to prevent interference. For further information, refer to the Interference area characteristics chart for each model.
Distance Y Operation area

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Ambient light and effect of external light KEYENCE photoelectric sensors employ the pulse light emission method, which ensures stable operation when external light is strong. However, a strong light beam, emitted in the direction of the optical axis of the receiver, will cause the sensor to malfunction. To correct this, change the angle of the sensor head, or provide a light-shield to prevent an external light beam from being emitted directly to the receiver.
Light-shield Sensor head angle External light beam

Illumination
Illuminance (lux) Conditions 1000,000 Sunlight - clear sky 10,000 Sunlight - cloudy sky (32,000 lux) 1,000 Design ofce (1,000 to 1,500 lux)

Interference area Detecting distance X

100 Department stores (500 to 700 lux) 10 Candlelight at a distance of 30 cm 11.81" (15 lux)

4.  For the thrubeam type sensor, alternate the placement of the transmitters and receivers.
Transmitter Receiver

4. Miscellaneous
 When using a commercially available switching regulator, ground its chassis grounding and earth grounding terminals.  Isolate the sensor wiring from power lines and high voltage lines; otherwise, the sensor may malfunction due to noise interference.  Handle the photoelectric sensor carefully when mounting. Strong impact to the sensor head may damage the sensors waterproof capability.

Receiver

Transmitter

* Set the transmitters and receivers so that a light beam emitted from a transmitter will not be received by the receiver of the adjacent sensor.

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8. General Specications
Vibration: 10 to 55 Hz, 1.5 mm 0.06" double amplitude in X, Y, and Z directions, 2 hours respectively. FS-T, FS-M, FS-V, FS2, LV, CZ-K, CZ-V, PZ-V/M, PZ2, PS-T, PQ, PG, PI-G, PW, GV and PX Series. Shock:  500 m/s2 1640.4' (approx. 50 G) in X, Y, and Z directions, 3 times respectively  FS-T, FS-M, FS-V, FS2, PS-T, PQ and CZ-K Series  1,000 m/s2 3280.8' (approx. 100 G) in X, Y, and Z directions, 6 times respectively PZ-V/M, PZ2 and PZ-G Series  300 m/s2 984.3' (approx. 30 G) in X, Y, and Z directions, 3 times respectively PI-G Series  100 m/s2 328.1' (approx. 10 G) in X, Y, and Z directions, 3 times respectively PW Series Power supply ripple (p-p): 10% max. All DC types

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