Metal properties at operation temperature

toperacion =

40

Allowable stress
Metal allowable stress according
Table A-1. Basic alowable stresses in
tension for metals (Page 157 161) de ASME B31.3-2002
Material:
sallow =

toperacion =

50

Elasticity module
Elasticity module for metal groups
according Table C-1 (SI),
ASME B31.1-2001

Material
144.8

MPa

E=

201.0

GPa

Do not delete these rows. They contain Annexes for interpolation of the properties of selected metal at operating te

tref =
toperacion =

21.1
121

C
C

Coefficient of linear expansion

Linear expansion coefficient calculated

Table based on ASTM C-1 of B31.3-2006

Material
l=

1.17E-05

m/(m*K)

elected metal at operating temperature

cjc. Rev.02,08,2013

Allow able stress as function of temperature [MPa]

11

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

1
2
3
Spec & Grade
Material 38
1
2
3
A 53(Type F) Gr.A
110.3
A 53 - Gr. A
110.3
A 53 - Gr. B
137.9
A 106 - Gr. A
110.3
A106 - Gr. B
137.9
A106 - Gr. C
160.6
API 5L - Gr. A
110.3
API 5L - Gr. A25
103.4
API 5L - Gr. B
137.9
API 5L - Gr. X42
137.9
API 5L - Gr. X46
144.8
API 5L - Gr. X52
151.7
API 5L - Gr. X56
163.4
API 5L - Gr. X60
172.4
API 5L - Gr. X65
177.2
API 5L - Gr. X70
188.2
API 5L - Gr. X80
206.8
A312 - Gr. TP 304
137.9
A312 - Gr. TP 304L
115.1
A312 - Gr. TP 304H
137.9
A312 - Gr. TP 309
137.9
A312 - Gr. TP 310
137.9
A312 - Gr. TP 316
137.9
A312 - Gr. TP 316L
115.1
A312 - Gr. TP 316H
137.9
A312 - Gr. TP 317
137.9
A312 - Gr. TP 317L
137.9
1
2
3

TEMPERATURE C
14
15
16

10

11

12

13

17

18

19

20

93

149

204

260

316

343

371

399

427

454

482

510

538

566

593

621

649

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

110.3
110.3
137.9
110.3
137.9
160.6
110.3
103.4
137.9
137.9
144.8
151.7
163.4
172.4
177.2
188.2
206.8
137.9
115.1
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
115.1
137.9
137.9
137.9
4

110.3
110.3
137.9
110.3
137.9
160.6
110.3
100.0
137.9
137.9
144.8
151.7
163.4
172.4
177.2
188.2
206.8
137.9
115.1
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
115.1
137.9
137.9
137.9
5

110.3
110.3
137.9
110.3
137.9
157.9
110.3
95.1
137.9
137.9
144.8
151.7
163.4
172.4
177.2
188.2
206.8
128.9
108.9
128.9
137.9
137.9
133.1
106.9
133.1
133.1
130.3
6

"N/A"
110.3
130.3
110.3
130.3
148.9
"NA"
"NA"
130.3
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
120.7
102.0
120.7
137.9
137.9
123.4
99.3
123.4
123.4
122.0
7

"N/A"
102.0
119.3
102.0
119.3
135.8
"NA"
"NA"
119.3
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
113.1
96.5
113.1
132.4
132.4
117.2
93.1
117.2
117.2
115.8
8

"N/A"
100.0
117.2
100.0
117.2
133.8
"NA"
"NA"
117.2
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
111.7
94.5
111.7
129.6
129.6
115.1
91.0
115.1
115.1
114.5
9

"N/A"
99.3
113.8
99.3
113.8
132.4
"NA"
"NA"
113.8
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
110.3
93.1
110.3
126.2
126.2
112.4
88.9
112.4
112.4
111.7
10

"N/A"
73.8
89.6
73.8
89.6
102.0
"NA"
"NA"
89.6
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
107.6
91.7
107.6
124.1
124.1
111.0
86.9
111.0
111.0
108.9
11

"N/A"
64.1
74.5
64.1
74.5
82.7
"NA"
"NA"
74.5
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
104.8
89.6
104.8
120.7
120.7
109.6
85.5
109.6
109.6
106.9
12

"N/A"
54.5
60.0
54.5
60.0
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
60.0
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
102.7
88.3
102.7
100.7
100.7
108.2
83.4
108.2
108.2
104.8
13

"N/A"
44.8
44.8
44.8
44.8
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
44.8
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
100.7
82.0
100.7
95.8
95.8
106.9
81.4
106.9
106.9
"N/A"
14

"N/A"
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
31.0
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
99.3
68.3
99.3
86.2
86.2
106.2
79.3
106.2
106.2
"N/A"
15

"N/A"
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
17.2
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
95.1
53.8
95.1
72.4
75.8
105.5
77.2
105.5
105.5
"N/A"
16

"N/A"
11.0
"NA"
11.0
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
11.0
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
84.1
43.4
84.1
58.6
49.0
100.0
74.5
100.0
100.0
"N/A"
17

"N/A"
6.9
"NA"
6.9
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
6.9
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
66.9
35.2
66.9
44.8
34.5
85.5
70.3
85.5
85.5
"N/A"
18

"N/A"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
53.1
27.6
53.1
34.5
24.8
67.6
60.7
67.6
67.6
"N/A"
19

"N/A"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
41.4
22.1
41.4
26.2
17.2
51.0
44.1
51.0
51.0
"N/A"
20

t=
S=

593
66.9

621.0
53.1

Table A-1. Basic alowable stresses in tension for metals (Page 157 - 161) de ASME B31.3-2002
ASME B31.3-2002

Table A-1. Basic alowable stresses in tension for metals (Page 157 - 161)

Allow able stress as function of temperature [MPa]

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

Spec
A 53
A 53
A 53
A 106
A106
A106
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
A312
A312
A312
A312
A312
A312
A312
A312
A312
A312

Grade
Gr. A
A
B
A
B
C
A
A25
B
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
TP 304
TP 304L
TP 304H
TP 309
TP 310
TP 316
TP 316L
TP 316H
TP 317
TP 317L

TEMPERATURE C
38
93
149
110.3 110.3 110.3
110.3 110.3 110.3
137.9 137.9 137.9
110.3 110.3 110.3
137.9 137.9 137.9
160.6 160.6 160.6
110.3 110.3 110.3
103.4 103.4 100.0
137.9 137.9 137.9
137.9 137.9 137.9
144.8 144.8 144.8
151.7 151.7 151.7
163.4 163.4 163.4
172.4 1482.4 172.4
177.2 177.2 177.2
188.2 188.2 188.2
206.8 206.8 206.8
137.9 137.9 137.9
115.1 115.1 115.1
137.9 137.9 137.9
137.9 137.9 137.9
137.9 137.9 137.9
137.9 137.9 137.9
115.1 115.1 115.1
137.9 137.9 137.9
137.9 137.9 137.9
137.9 137.9 137.9

204
110.3
110.3
137.9
110.3
137.9
157.9
110.3
95.1
137.9
137.9
144.8
151.7
163.4
172.4
177.2
188.2
206.8
128.9
108.9
128.9
137.9
137.9
133.1
106.9
133.1
133.1
130.3

260

316

343

371

399

427

454

482

510

538

566

593

110.3
130.3
110.3
130.3
148.9

102.0
119.3
102.0
119.3
135.8

100.0
117.2
100.0
117.2
133.8

99.3
113.8
99.3
113.8
132.4

73.8
89.6
73.8
89.6
102.0

64.1
74.5
64.1
74.5
82.7

54.5
60.0
54.5
60.0

44.8
44.8
44.8
44.8

31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0

17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2

11.0

6.9

11.0

6.9

130.3

119.3

117.2

113.8

89.6

74.5

60.0

44.8

31.0

17.2

11.0

6.9

120.7
102.0
120.7
137.9
137.9
123.4
99.3
123.4
123.4
122.0

113.1
96.5
113.1
132.4
132.4
117.2
93.1
117.2
117.2
115.8

111.7
94.5
111.7
129.6
129.6
115.1
91.0
115.1
115.1
114.5

110.3
93.1
110.3
126.2
126.2
112.4
88.9
112.4
112.4
111.7

107.6
91.7
107.6
124.1
124.1
111.0
86.9
111.0
111.0
108.9

104.8
89.6
104.8
120.7
120.7
109.6
85.5
109.6
109.6
106.9

102.7
88.3
102.7
100.7
100.7
108.2
83.4
108.2
108.2
104.8

100.7
82.0
100.7
95.8
95.8
106.9
81.4
106.9
106.9

99.3
68.3
99.3
86.2
86.2
106.2
79.3
106.2
106.2

95.1
53.8
95.1
72.4
75.8
105.5
77.2
105.5
105.5

84.1
43.4
84.1
58.6
49.0
100.0
74.5
100.0
100.0

66.9
35.2
66.9
44.8
34.5
85.5
70.3
85.5
85.5

621

649

53.1
27.6
53.1
34.5
24.8
67.6
60.7
67.6
67.6

41.4
22.1
41.4
26.2
17.2
51.0
44.1
51.0
51.0

ASME B31.3-2006

Table A-1. Basic alowable stresses in tension for metals (Page

Carbon
157
steel
- 161)
pipes and tubes. Pag. 140- 144

Allow able stress as function of temperature [ksi]

1 ksi =

Material
Type F

Butt weld

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

6.89 Mpa
TEMPERATURE C
38
93
Temperature F
Spec Grade
100
200
A 53Gr. A, Type F 16
16
A 53
A
16
16
A 53
B
20
20
A 106
A
16
16
A106
B
20
20
A106
C
23.3
23.3
API 5L
A
16
16
API 5L A25
15
15
API 5L
B
20
20
API 5L X42
20
20
API 5L X46
21
21
API 5L X52
22
22
API 5L X56
23.7
23.7
API 5L X60
25
215
API 5L X65
25.7
25.7
API 5L X70
27.3
27.3
API 5L X80
30
30
A312 TP 304
20
20
A312 TP 304L 16.7
16.7
A312 TP 304H 20
20
A312 TP 309
20
20
A312 TP 310
20
20
A312 TP 316
20
20
A312 TP 316L 16.7
16.7
A312 TP 316H 20
20
A312 TP 317
20
20
A312 TP 317L 20
20

149

204

260

316

343

371

300
16
16
20
16
20
23.3
16
14.5
20
20
21
22
23.7
25
25.7
27.3
30
20
16.7
20
20
20
20
16.7
20
20
20

400
16
16
20
16
20
22.9
16
13.8
20
20
21
22
23.7
25
25.7
27.3
30
18.7
15.8
18.7
20
20
19.3
15.5
19.3
19.3
18.9

500

600

650

16
18.9
16
18.9
21.6
16

14.8
17.3
14.8
17.3
19.7
14.8

14.5
17
14.5
17
19.4
14.5

14.4
16.5
14.4
16.5
19.2
14.4

18.9

17.3

17

16.5

17.5
14.8
17.5
20
20
17.9
14.4
17.9
17.9
17.7

16.4
14
16.4
19.2
19.2
17
13.5
17
17
16.8

16.2
13.7
16.2
18.8
18.8
16.7
13.2
16.7
16.7
16.6

16
13.5
16
18.3
18.3
16.3
12.9
16.3
16.3
16.2

700

399

427

454

482

510

538

566

593

621

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

10.7
13
10.7
13
14.8
10.7

9.3
10.8
9.3
10.8
12
9.3

7.9
8.7
7.9
8.7

6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5

4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5

2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6

1
1
1
1

7.9

6.5

4.5

2.5

1.6

13

10.8

8.7

6.5

4.5

2.5

1.6

15.6
13.3
15.6
18
18
16.1
12.6
16.1
16.1
15.8

15.2
13
15.2
17.5
17.5
15.9
12.4
15.9
15.9
15.5

14.9
12.8
14.9
14.6
14.6
15.7
12.1
15.7
15.7
15.2

14.6
11.9
14.6
13.9
13.9
15.5
11.8
15.5
15.5

14.4
9.9
14.4
12.5
12.5
15.4
11.5
15.4
15.4

13.8
7.8
13.8
10.5
11
15.3
11.2
15.3
15.3

12.2
6.3
12.2
8.5
7.1
14.5
10.8
14.5
14.5

9.7
5.1
9.7
6.5
5
12.4
10.2
12.4
12.4

7.7
4
7.7
5
3.6
9.8
8.8
9.8
9.8

ASME B31.3-2002
Table A-1. Basic alowable stresses in tension for metals (Page 157 - 161)
38

Material Spec
A 285 Gr. A 134
A 285 Gr. A 672

Grade
A45

to
100
15
15

Butt weld API 5L

smls
API 5L

A25
A25

15
15

Type F

A 53

Gr. A

16

A 53
A 106
A 135
A 369
API 5L

A
A
A
FPA
A

16
16
16
16
16

A 285 Gr. A
B 134
A 285 Gr. A
B 672
285 Gr. B A 134

A 50

16.7
16.7
18.3

A 516 Gr. A
60671
A 515 Gr. A
60671
A 515 Gr. A
61672
A 516 Gr. A
62672

CC60
C860
B60
C60

20
20
20
20

A 53
A106
A 333
A 334
A 369
A 381
API 5L

B
B
6
6
FPB
Y35
B

20
20
20
20
20
20
20

X42
X46
X52
X56

100
20
21
22
23.7

A 516 Gr. A
65671
A 515 Gr. A
65671
A 515 Gr. A
65672
A 516 Gr. A
65672

CC65
C865
B65
C65

100
21.7
21.7
21.7
21.7

A 516 GR.A70
671
A 515 GR.A70
671
A 515 GR.A70
672
A 516 GR.A70
672

CC70
CB70
B70
C70

100
23.1
23.1
23.1
23.1

23.3

API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L

A106

API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L

X60
X65
X70
X80

25
25.7
27.3
30

Metal
1

-75
2

1
2
3
4
5

1
1
Carbon steel C <= 0.3%
Carbon steel C > 0.3%
Carbon-moly steels
Nickel steels Ni 2% - 9%
Cr-Mo steels Cr 1/2% - 2%

208
207
206
196
210

20
3
203
202
201
192
205

6
7

Cr-Mo steels Cr 2 1/4% - 3%

Cr-Mo steels
5% - 9%
Austenitic
steelsCr
(TP304,
310,

216
219

316, 321, 347)

201

Table C-1, ASME B31.1 - 2001. Moduli of elasticity for ferrous

Temperature (
4
6
8
5
7
9
50
4

150
6

201
200
199
190
204

100
5
198
197
196
187
201

250
8

195
194
193
184
197

200
7
191
190
189
180
193

189
188
187
178
190

300
9
185
184
183
174
186

211
213

210
212

207
209

203
205

199
201

195
197

191
193

195

194

192

188

184

180

176

uli of elasticity for ferrous material "E" [GPa]

Temperature ( o C)
10
12
11
13
350
10

14

15

16

17

18

19

550
14

650
16
107
106
106
101
0

700
17
0
0
0
0
0

750
18

136
135
135
128
148

600
15
122
121
121
115
133

0
0
0
0
0

800
19
0
0
0
0
0

450
12

179
178
177
169
181

400
11
172
171
170
162
176

162
161
160
153
170

500
13
150
149
149
141
160

187
189

182
185

175
181

165
176

153
171

137
164

0
156

0
147

0
138

0
0

172

168

164

160

156

152

146

140

134

127

Temperature ( o C)
Metal

-200

-129

-73

21

93

149

204

Carbon steel C <= 0.3%

Carbon steel C => 0.3%
Carbon-moly steels
Nickel steels Ni 2% - 9%
Cr-Mo steels Cr 1/2% - 2%

31.4
31.2
31.1
29.6
31.6

30.8
30.6
30.5
29.1
31

30.2
30
29.9
28.5
30.4

29.5
29.3
29.2
27.8
29.7

28.8
28.6
28.5
27.1
29

28.3
28.1
28
26.7
28.5

27.7
27.5
27.4
26.1
27.9

Cr-Mo steels Cr 2 1/4% - 3%

Cr-Mo
steels
Cr 5%
- 9%
Austenitic
steels
(TP304,

32.6
32.9

32
32.3

31.4
31.7

30.6
30.9

29.8
30.1

29.4
29.7

28.8
29

310, 316, 321, 347)

30.3

29.7

29.1

28.3

27.6

27

26.5

Temperature ( o C)
260

316

371

427

482

538

593

649

27.3
27.1
27
25.7
27.5

26.7
26.5
26.4
25.2
26.9

25.5
25.3
25.3
24.6
26.3

24.2
24
23.9
23
25.5

22.4
22.2
22.2

20.4
20.2
20.1

18
17.9
17.8

15.4
15.3

24.8

23.9

23

21.8

28.3
28.6

27.7
28

27.1
27.3

26.3
26.1

25.6
24.7

24.6
22.7

23.7
20.4

22.5
18.2

25.8

25.3

24.8

24.1

23.5

22.8

22.1

21.2

Tabla C-1 Coeficiente de expansin trmica

ASME B31.3-2006, Table C-1

1
Material

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

Carbon SteelCarbon-Moly-Low-Chrome(Through3Cr-Mo)
5Cr-MoThrough9Cr-Mo
AusteniticStainlessSteels18Cr-8Ni
12Cr,17Cr,27Cr
25Cr-20Ni
UNSN04400Monel67Ni-30Cu
3.5Ni
CopperandCopperAlloys
Aluminum
GrayCastIron
Bronze
Brass
70Cu-30Ni
UNSN08XXXSeriesNi-Fe-Cr
UNSN06XXXSeriesNi-Cr-Fe
DuctileIron

-268
-

-254
-

-240
-

-226
-

1.1E-05
-450

1.2E-05
-425

1.2E-05
-400

1.3E-05
-375

La tabla C-1 de la ASME B31.3 entrega la expansin trmica total, para el metal especificado, entre la temperatura de 70
en pulgadas por cada 100 ft.

-212
-

1.4E-05
-350

-198
9.0E-06
8.4E-06
1.5E-05
7.7E-06
9.9E-06
8.5E-06
1.4E-05
1.8E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
-325

-184
9.1E-06
8.5E-06
1.5E-05
7.8E-06
1.0E-05
8.8E-06
1.4E-05
1.8E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
-300

-171
9.2E-06
8.6E-06
1.5E-05
7.8E-06
1.0E-05
9.0E-06
1.5E-05
1.8E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
-275

tre la temperatura de 70F y la temperatura seleccionada,

-157
9.3E-06
8.7E-06
1.5E-05
7.9E-06
1.1E-05
9.2E-06
1.5E-05
1.9E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
-250

-143
9.4E-06
8.8E-06
1.5E-05
8.0E-06
1.1E-05
9.5E-06
1.5E-05
1.9E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
-225

-129
9.5E-06
9.0E-06
1.5E-05
8.1E-06
1.1E-05
9.8E-06
1.5E-05
1.9E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
8.4E-06
-200

-115
9.7E-06
9.2E-06
1.5E-05
8.3E-06
1.2E-05
9.9E-06
1.5E-05
1.9E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
8.6E-06
-175

-101
9.9E-06
9.3E-06
1.5E-05
8.5E-06
1.2E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
8.8E-06
-150

-87
1.00E-05
9.5E-06
1.5E-05
8.5E-06
1.2E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
8.9E-06
-125

-73
1.01E-05
9.5E-06
1.5E-05
8.6E-06
1.2E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
9.2E-06
-100

-59
1.03E-05
9.7E-06
1.6E-05
8.8E-06
1.2E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
9.4E-06
-75

Temperatura de referencia

-46
1.05E-05
9.9E-06
1.6E-05
9.0E-06
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
9.6E-06
-50

tref =

-32
1.07E-05
9.9E-06
1.5E-05
9.0E-06
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
2.1E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
9.8E-06
-25

500
260.0

-18
1.05E-05
9.9E-06
1.5E-05
9.0E-06
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
9.9E-06
0

F
C

-4
1.07E-05
1.0E-05
1.5E-05
9.0E-06
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
2.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
7.7E-06
25

10
1.05E-05
9.8E-06
1.6E-05
9.0E-06
1.5E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.1E-05
50

24
1.09E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
9.4E-06
1.5E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
2.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.1E-05
75

Temperatura de referencia

tref =
t=
Dt =
Dt =

70
225
155
86.11111

F
F
F
C

CS
DL100 ft =
DL100 ft =
DL =
DL =

1.21
0.100833
0.001008
0.001008

in /(100 ft)
ft / 100 ft
ft/ft
m/m

l=
DL =
Dt =
l=

DL / Dt
0.001008 m/m
86.11111 C
1.171E-05 m/(m*K)

Thermal e
38
1.15E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
2.3E-05
1.1E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.1E-05
100

52
1.15E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
9.8E-06
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
2.3E-05
1.0E-05
1.8E-05
1.7E-05
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.1E-05
125

66
1.14E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
9.9E-06
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
2.3E-05
1.0E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.1E-05
150

tref =

70
21.1

F
C

tref =
t=
Dt =
Dt =

70
250
180
100

F
F
F
C

CS
DL100 ft =
DL100 ft =
DL =
DL =

l=
DL =
Dt =
l=

1.4
0.116667
0.001167
0.001167

in /(100 ft)
ft / 100 ft
ft/ft
m/m

DL / Dt
0.001167 m/m
100
C
1.167E-05 m/(m*K)

79
1.14E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
9.9E-06
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
2.3E-05
1.0E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.1E-05
175

93
1.14E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
9.9E-06
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
2.3E-05
1.0E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.1E-05
200

107
1.171E-05
1.094E-05
1.694E-05
9.968E-06
1.587E-05
1.413E-05
1.171E-05
1.732E-05
2.332E-05
1.045E-05
1.800E-05
1.771E-05
1.539E-05
1.442E-05
1.335E-05
1.094E-05
225

121
1.167E-05
1.108E-05
1.692E-05
1.008E-05
1.592E-05
1.425E-05
1.183E-05
1.742E-05
2.358E-05
1.058E-05
1.808E-05
1.783E-05
1.550E-05
1.467E-05
1.342E-05
1.108E-05
250

tref =
t=
Dt =
Dt =

70
275
205
113.8889

F
F
F
C

CS
DL100 ft =
DL100 ft =
DL =
DL =

1.61
0.134167
0.001342
0.001342

in /(100 ft)
ft / 100 ft
ft/ft
m/m

l=
DL =
Dt =
l=

DL / Dt
0.001342 m/m
113.8889 C
1.178E-05 m/(m*K)

135
1.178E-05
1.112E-05
1.698E-05
1.010E-05
1.595E-05
1.434E-05
1.193E-05
1.741E-05
2.371E-05
1.061E-05
1.815E-05
1.793E-05
1.559E-05
1.485E-05
1.354E-05
1.120E-05
275

149
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
2.4E-05
1.1E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.1E-05
300

Table C-1
Thermal expansion coefficient " l " [m/(m*K)] for metals
Temperatura C
163
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
2.4E-05
1.1E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.1E-05
325

177
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
2.4E-05
1.1E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.1E-05
350

191
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
2.4E-05
1.1E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
375

204
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
2.5E-05
1.1E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
400

218
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
2.5E-05
1.1E-05
1.8E-05
1.9E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
425

232
1.2E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
2.5E-05
1.1E-05
1.9E-05
1.9E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
450

246
260
274
288
1.3E-05 1.263E-05 1.3E-05 1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.2E-05 1.2E-05 1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05 1.8E-05 1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.1E-05 1.1E-05 1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05 1.6E-05 1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-05 1.5E-05 1.5E-05
1.2E-05
1.2E-05 1.3E-05 1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05 1.8E-05 1.8E-05
2.5E-05
2.5E-05 2.5E-05 2.5E-05
1.1E-05
1.1E-05 1.1E-05 1.1E-05
1.9E-05
1.9E-05 1.9E-05 1.9E-05
1.9E-05
1.9E-05 1.9E-05 1.9E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05 1.6E-05 1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.4E-05 1.4E-05 1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.2E-05 1.2E-05 1.2E-05
475
500
525
550

302
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
2.5E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
1.9E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
575

316
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.7E-05
2.6E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
1.9E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
600

329
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
1.9E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
625

343
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
1.9E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
650

357
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
675

371
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
700

385
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
725

399
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
750

413
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.7E-05
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
775

427
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.2E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.7E-05
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
800

441
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.2E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05
825

454
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.2E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05
850

468
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.2E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05
875

482
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.2E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05
900

496
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.2E-05
1.6E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05
925

510
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.2E-05
1.6E-05
1.7E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05
950

524
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.2E-05
1.6E-05
1.7E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05
975

538
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05
1000

552
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1.9E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1025

566
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
2.0E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1050

579
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
2.0E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1075

593
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
2.0E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1100

607
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1125

621
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1150

635
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1175

649
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1200

663
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.7E-05
1225

677
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.7E-05
1250

691
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.7E-05
1275

704
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1300

718
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1325

732
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1350

746
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1375

760
774
788
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.9E-05 1.9E-05 1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05 1.8E-05 1.8E-05
1400
1425
1450

802
816
1.9E-05 1.9E-05
1.8E-05 1.8E-05
1475
1500

-17.778