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El crecimiento de la produccin: Entre 1945 y 1973, el crecimiento econmico de los pases la Organizacin de Cooperacin y Desarrollo Econmico OCDE!los pases ind striales capitalistas de E ropa, los Estados !nidos, "apn, # stralia y $ e%a &elanda t %o dos caractersticas salientes' (or na parte, las ta"a" de crecimiento del producto per c#pita de esos pases ) eron mu$ alta"' * promedio ) e del 3,+, an al el m-.imo precedente, entre 1+7/ y 1913, 0a1a sido del 1,4, an al' (or otro lado, el crecimiento %ue e"ta&le' es decir, 2 e las )l ct aciones entre etapas de crecimiento y de recesin ) eron s a%es de1ido a la accin correcti%a de los estados nacionales y al adec ado ) ncionamiento de las instit ciones econmicas internacionales dise3adas desp 4s de la g erra' El acelerado crecimiento econmico no se limit a los pases desarrollados' 5arios pases s 1desarrollados t %ieron altas tasas de crecimiento de s prod cto 1r to, c yo e)ecto per c-pita 2 ed por lo general relati%izado por el gran crecimiento de la po1lacin' El crecimiento econmico o1edeci a n con6 nto de )actores y a)ect a todos los sectores de la economa' En el sector primario, se prod 6o n nota1le a mento en la prod cti%idad agrcola, deri%ado de na s stancial me6ora en la tecnologa agraria sistemas de riego, t4cnicas de mane6o de s elos, mayor mecanizacin, so de )ertilizantes y desarrollo de n e%as %ariedades de trigo, maz, arroz y otros cereales' Estas inno%aciones permitieron n a mento de los rendimientos por 0ect-rea y la prod ccin m ndial de alimentos' El lidera()o indu"trial de lo" E"tado" Unido"7 En estos a3os, el liderazgo ind strial est %o en los Estados !nidos' D rante la *eg nda 8 erra 9 ndial, este pas 0a1a e.pandido s capacidad ind strial y al )inalizar la contienda era la :nica potencia 2 e no 0a1a s )rido da3os en s in)raestr ct ra ind strial, r1ana, de transportes y de com nicaciones' ;as empresas dominantes en el perodo ) eron grandes corporaciones m ltinacionales, generalmente norteamericano, 2 e opera1an en 1 ena parte del m ndo a tra%4s de s s )iliales' ;a e.pansin de las empresas m ltinacionales ) e n rasgo caracterstico de la seg nda posg erra' ;as m ltinacionales se consolidaron en sectores como ind strias e.tracti%as, petroleras, a tomotores, ind stria )armac4 tica, grandes ser%icios 1ancarios, 0oteleros y comerciales' (ara los go1iernos de los Estados !nidos, la 8 erra <ra 6 sti)ica1a el mantenimiento de n alto gasto en de)ensa' En la seg nda posg erra la prod ccin de la ind stria militar se con%irti en no de los sectores pri%ilegiados por las grandes potencias' ;a con2 ista del espacio se con%irti en n o16eti%o estrat4gico y el desarrollo de n e%as y m-s poderosas armas, n cleares y con%encionales, re2 iri enormes in%ersiones' ;a interpenetracin entre los intereses de los militares, las empresas ind striales y los polticos ) e den nciada por el general Eisen0o=er en s disc rso de despedida como presidente de los Estados !nidos' Eisen0o=er se3al entonces 2 e7 >la con6 ncin de n inmenso esta1lecimiento militar y na gran ind stria armamentista E'''? e6erce na in)l encia 2 e se siente en todas las ci dades, en todos los edi)icios estatales, en todas las o)icinas del go1ierno )ederal E'''? El potencial para el desastroso crecimiento de n poder de)ormante e.iste y seg ir- persistiendo'@
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