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CROSS SECTIONAL DETAILS OF BREAKWATER

DESIGN OF BREAKWATER
Available data:
Design Water depth = 4.0m + 0.8m (Mean water + Tidal correction) Maximum wave height, Hmax = 0.78 x 4.8 = 3.744m Significant wave height Hs for the calculation of Armour weight, Hs =
H max 1.6

= =

3.74 1 .6

2.34m

DESIGN OF ARMOUR LAYER


Assuming armour unit is rough quarry stone, 2 layers, no overtopping, According to Hudson. Wr H 3 W = k D ( s r 1) 3 cot Where, W H KD Kr the Wr Ww = = = = = = = Wt. Of individual armour unit in ton. Design wave height in meters Stability co-efficient = 2 Angle of structure slop measured with horizontal Specific gravity of armour unit relative to water at the structure Unit weight of armour in 2.65t/m3 Unit weight of sea water 1.025t/m3

DESIGN OF ARMOUR LAYER


Sr =
Wr Ww

=2.585

Cot = W =

1.5
2650 x 2.343 2(2.585 1)3 x1.5

2.84T

Provide boulder stone of 3.0T. Nominal diameter (D) of stones corresponding to the Armour ruble stone weight D =
W W r
1 3

3000 = 2650

1 3

1.04

ARMOUR THICKNESS
The thickness of the armour layer(T) can be calculated as T = nKdD Kd = Layer coefficient = 1.15 T = 2 x 1.15 x 1.04 = 2.392m Adopt 2.5m thick armour layer

CREST WIDTH
The crest width depends on the maximum of the following

Minimum number of stones required Width depends on the degree of over topping The functional aspect during the construction and after use which may be equal to the width of the wheel.

CREST WIDTH
B
Where B N Kd W Wr

W nK d W r

1 3

= = = = =

Crest width in m number of quarry stone (n=2) Layer co-efficient Mass of Armour unit. Mass density of Armour unit Kg/m3
3000 2 x1.15 2650
1 3

2.392m

Provide a crest width of 4.0m

CORE LAYER
The core layer supports the protective armour cover and any

other under layer.

It prevents sediments passing thought the breakwater. The size of stone in core would be w/100, however for the

practical limitations as well as to serve the purpose of the core and to avoid silt passing a wider range is suggested.

Provide stones of weight 50kg to 125kg.

BEDDING LAYER
Bedding layer act as foundation to support the entire structure. The stones of 1Kg to 50Kg can be provided as bedding layer to a

thickness of 150mm.

TOE MOUND (GABBION BOX)


Toe mound width should be maximum of 2x(WaveHeight) or 0.4x(water depth) 2x(wave height) 0.4x(water depth) Width of toe mound Height of toe mound = = = = 2(2.34) = 0.4(4.8) = 5.0m 2.5m 4.68m 1.92m

Note: A toe mound is to be placed on side of the break water for preventing the sliding of the stones and protecting the slope failure. A toe mound of 5.0m top width and 2.5m height is provided. Toe mound is provided with stones of size 150mm.

BREAKWATER CROSS SECTION

DESIGN OF SEAWALL
Available data: Design Water depth = 2.0m (Considering the tsunami runup of 1.8m above MSL as per the data given by Tuticorin Port) Maximum wave height, Hmax = 0.78 x 2.0 = 1.56m Significant wave height Hs for the calculation of Armour H max weight, Hs =
1.6

= =

1.56 1 .6

0.975m

DESIGN OF ARMOUR LAYER


Assuming armour unit is rough quarry stone, 2 layers, no overtopping, According to Hudson. W Where, W H KD Kr the Wr Ww =
Wr H 3 k D ( s r 1) 3 cot

= = = = = = =

Wt. Of individual armour unit in Newton. Design wave height in meters Stability co-efficient = 2 Angle of structure slop measured with horizontal Specific gravity of armour unit relative to water at the structure Unit weight of armour in 2.65t/m3 Unit weight of sea water 1.025t/m3

DESIGN OF ARMOUR LAYER


Sr
Cot W

=
= =

Wr Ww
4

=2.585

2650 x0.9753 2(2.585 1)3 x 4

0.08T

Provide 400kg to 500kg weight armour in two layers considering tsunami effect.

Nominal diameter (D) of stones corresponding to the Armour ruble stone weight
D =

W W r

1 3

= 206.5

2650

1 3

0.426

ARMOUR THICKNESS
The thickness of the armour layer(T) can be calculated as T = nKdD Kd = Layer coefficient = 1.15 T = 2 x 1.15 x 0.426 = 0.98m Adopt 1.25m thick armour layer

CREST WIDTH
The crest width depends on the maximum of the following

Minimum number of stones required Width depends on the degree of over topping The functional aspect during the construction and after use which may be equal to the width of the wheel.

CREST WIDTH
B Where B N Kd W Wr B =
W nK d W r
1 3

= = = = = =

Crest width in m number of quarry stone (n=2) Layer co-efficient Mass of Armour unit. Mass density of Armour unit Kg/m3
206.5 2 x1.15 2650
1 3

0.98m

Provide a crest width of 1.5m

CORE LAYER
The core layer supports the protective armour cover and any

other under layer.

It prevents sediments passing thought the breakwater. The size of stone in core would be w/100, however for the

practical limitations as well as to serve the purpose of the core and to avoid silt passing a wider range is suggested.

Provide stones of weight 50kg to 125kg.

BEDDING LAYER
Bedding layer act as foundation to support the entire structure. The stones of 1Kg to 50Kg can be provided as bedding layer to a

thickness of 150mm.

TOE MOUND (GABBION BOX)


Toe mound width should be maximum of 2x(Wave Height) or 0.4x(water depth) 2x(Height of breakwater) 0.4x(water depth) Width of toe mound Height of toe mound= = = = 1.5m 2(0.975) = 0.4(2.0)= 2.5m 1.95m 0.8m

Note: A toe mound is to be placed on side of the break water for preventing the sliding of the stones and protecting the slope failure. A toe mound of 2.5m top width and 1.5m height is provided. Toe mound is provided with stones of size 150mm.

SEAWALL CROSS SECTION

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