TB031412

Chilled Beam Design Guide

Trox USA, Inc. 4305 Settingdown Circle Cumming Georgia USA 30028

Telephone Facsimile

770-569-1433 770-569-1435

www.troxusa.com e-mail trox@troxusa.com

Contents

Introduction to Chilled Beams Passive chilled beams Active chilled beams System Application Guidelines Benefits of chilled beams Chilled beam applications Multi-service Chilled Beams System Design Guidelines Comfort considerations Air side design Water side design Control considerations Installation and commissioning

3 3 5 8 8 9 11 14 14 15 19 21 24

Chilled Beam Selection Passive beams selection Passive beam performance data Active beam selection Active beam selection examples Performance Notes Active Beam Performance Data Coil pressure loss data DID600 series beams DID620 series beams DID300 series beams Chilled Beam Specifications

27 27 28 31 35 38 39 39 44 50 56 62

Notice to Users of this Guide

This Guide is intended for the sole use of professionals involved in the design and specification of TROX chilled beam systems. Any reproduction of this document in any form is strictly prohibited without the written consent of TROX USA. The content herein is a collection of information from TROX and other sources that is assumed to be correct and current at the time of publication. Due to industry and product development, any and all of such content is subject to change. TROX USA will in no way be held responsible for the application of this information to system design nor will they be responsible for keeping the information up to date.

Introduction
Chilled beams have been employed in European HVAC sensible cooling only applications for over twenty years. Within the past few years they have become a popular alternative to VAV systems in North America. The growing interest in chilled beams has been fueled by their energy saving potential, ease of use as well as their minimal space requirements. Chilled beams were originally developed to supersede the outputs achieved by passive radiant cooling ceiling systems. Sensible cooling capacities of chilled ceilings are limited by the chilled water supply temperature (must be maintained above dew point to prevent condensation from forming on their surfaces) and the total surface area available that can be chilled. Obviously, this area is limited as other services (lighting, fire protection, air distribution & extract etc.) limit the degree of employment of the active ceiling surface such that their maximum space sensible cooling capacity is very typically less than 25 BTUH per square foot of floor area. As this is not sufficient for maintaining comfort especially in perimeter areas, chilled beams very quickly became the preferred solution in so much as they occupied less space, had fewer connection and most importantly offered sensible cooling outputs 2 to 3 times that of chilled ceilings. There are two basic types of chilled beams (see figure 2). Passive chilled beams are simply finned tube heat exchanger coil within a casing that provides primarily convective cooling to the space. Passive beams do not incorporate fans or any other components (ductwork, nozzles, etc.) to affect air movement. Instead they rely on natural buoyancy to recirculate air from the conditioned space and therefore needs a high free area passage to allow room air to get above the coil and cooled air to be discharge from below the coil. As they have no provisions for supplying primary air to the space, a separate source must provide space ventilation and/or humidity control, very typically combined with, but not limited to, UFAD. The air source commonly contributes to the sensible cooling of the space as well as controlling the space latent gains.

INTRODUCTION TO CHILLED BEAMS

Chilled beams feature finned chilled water heat exchanger cooling coils, capable of providing up to 1100 BTUH of sensible cooling per foot of length and are designed to take advantage of the significantly higher cooling efficiencies of water. Figure 1 illustrates that a one inch diameter water pipe can transport the same cooling energy as an 18 inch square air duct. The use of chilled beams can thus dramatically reduce air handler and ductwork sizes enabling more efficient use of both horizontal and vertical building space.
Passive Chilled Beam
(Exposed Beam Shown)

18 x 18 Air Duct

Active Chilled Beam

Figure 2: Basic Beam Types

1 diameter Water Pipe

Figure 1: Cooling Energy Transport Economies of Air and Water

Active chilled beams utilize a ducted (primary) air supply to induce secondary (room) air across their integral heat transfer coil where it is reconditioned prior to its mixing with the primary air stream and subsequent discharge into the space. The primary air supply is typically pretreated to maintain ventilation and humidity control of the space. The heat transfer coil

Passive Chilled Beams

provides sensible cooling, it is not used to condense or provide latent cooling. Further discussion of the performance, capacities and design considerations for each type of beam is provided in the following sections of this document. PASSIVE CHILLED BEAMS Passive chilled beams are completely decoupled from the space air supply and only intended to remove sensible heat from the space. They operate most efficiently when used in thermally stratified spaces. Figure 3. illustrates the operational principle of a passive beam. Warm air plumes from heat sources rise naturally and create a warm air pool in the upper portion of the space (or ceiling cavity). As this air contacts the coil surface, the heat is removed which causes it to drop back into the space due to its negative buoyancy relative to the air surrounding it. The heat is absorbed lifting the chilled water temperature and is removed from the space via the return water circuit. About 85% of the heat removal is by convective means, therefore the radiant cooling contribution of passive chilled beams is minimal and typically ignored. Passive chilled beams may be located above or below the ceiling plane. When used with a suspended ceiling system recessed beams, TROX TCB-RB, are located a few inches above the ceiling and finished to minimize their visibility from below. Figure 4. illustrates such a recessed beam application. combine resulting in a higher velocity in the occupied space. Air discharge across the face of the beam should be avoided as this can reduce the cooling output by inhibiting the flow of warm air into the heat exchanger coil. Passive Chilled Beam Variations

Figure 4: Recessed Beam Installation

Recessed beams are concealed above the hung ceiling and should also include a separation skirt (TCB -RBSkirt) which assures that the cooled air does not short circuit back to the warm air stream feeding the beam. Recessed beams (TROX series TCB) may be either uncapped (standard) or capped (more commonly known as shrouded) (see figure 5). Capped or shrouded beams have a sheet metal casing which maintains separation between the beam and the ceiling air cavity which is often used for the space return air passage. This also provides acoustical separation between adjacent spaces.

Figure 3: Passive Beam Operation

Passive chilled beams are capable of removing 200 to 650 BTUH of sensible heat per linear foot of length depending upon their width and the temperature difference between their entering air and chilled water mean temperature. The output of the chilled beam is usually limited to ensure that the velocity of the air dropping out of the beam face and back into the occupied zone does not create drafts. It should also be noted that the air descending from a passive beam necks rather like slow running water out of a faucet. This slow discharge can be effected by other air currents around it and should passive beams be installed side by side, the two airstreams will join and
4

Separation Skirt

Figure 5: Capped Passive Beam

Passive beams mounted flush with or below the ceiling surface are referred to as exposed beams. Most exposed beams (e.g., TROX TCB-EB and PKV series) are furnished within cabinets designed to enhance the architectural features of the space as well as assure the necessary air passages for the beam.

Active Chilled Beams

TROX Passive Chilled Beams
TROX USA offers 2 ranges of passive chilled beam as the core engine behind the variants. TCBU series beams offer a full range of 1 & 2 row recessed and exposed passive beams. PKVU series beams are 1 row passive beams with or without exposed cabinets. Figure 6 illustrates an exposed passive beam in whose cabinet other space services (lighting, smoke and occupancy detectors, etc.) have been integrated. Such integrated beams are referred to as integrated or multiservice chilled beams (MSCB). As with recessed beams, it is generally recommended that the cross sectional free area of the passage into an exposed chilled beam be equal to at least one its width. For more information on these beams see pages 11-13.
Suspended ceiling Primary air supply

Figure 7: Active Chilled Beam Operation

well. In these cases, displacement ventilation and conditioning will be used to produce a thermally stratified room environment. Active chilled beams typically operate at a constant air volume flow rate, producing a variable temperature discharge to the space determined by the recirculated air heat extraction. As the water circuit can generally extract 50 to 70% of the space sensible heat generation, the ducted airflow rate can often be reduced accordingly, resulting in reduced air handling requirements as well as significantly smaller supply (and exhaust/return) ductwork and risers. Active chilled beams can provide sensible cooling rates as high as 1100 BTUH per linear foot, depending on their induction capabilities, coil circuitry, and chilled water supply temperature. Later in this guide, you will see that careful selection of the beam must be made to ensure that high terminal velocities are avoided to maintain comfort, a beam is not just a method of providing cooling, but also a terminal discharge device that has to be selected to suit the location, space and how the space is being utilized. Active chilled beams can be used for heating as well, provided the faade heat losses are moderate. Active Chilled Beam Variations Active chilled beams come in a number of lengths and widths allowing their use in exposed mounting or integration into suspended ceiling systems, (their weight requires they be independently supported). They can be furnished with a variety of nozzle types that affect the induction rate of room air. Their discharge pattern can be supplied as either one or two way while some beams allow modification of their discharge characteristics once installed. Finally, some variants are available with condensate trays designed to collect a limited amount of unexpected condensation.

Figure 6: Exposed Beam Installation

ACTIVE CHILLED BEAMS
In addition to chilled water coil(s), active chilled beams incorporate ducted air connections to receive pretreated supply air from a central air handling unit. This air is injected through a series of nozzles within the beam to entrain room air. Figure 7 illustrates an active beam that induces room air through a high free area section within its face and through the integral heat transfer coil where it is reconditioned in response to a space thermostat demand. The reconditioned air then mixes with the ducted (primary) air and is discharged into the space by means of linear slots located along the outside edges of the beam. Active beams mounted above the occupied zone maintain a sufficient discharge velocity to maintain a fully mixed room air distribution. As such, they employ a dilution ventilation strategy to manage the level of airborne gaseous and particulate contaminants. Certain variants of active beams (see discussion below) may be mounted in low sidewall or floor level applications as

Active Chilled Beams

DID620 series beams are a low profile beam designed to allow integration into standard 24 inch wide ceiling grids. They are ideal for applications with limited ceiling plenum spaces.

DID600 series beams are also designed to allow their integration into standard 24 inch wide acoustical ceiling grids. Though slightly taller than the DID620, their construction allows easy modification to specific customer requirements.

DID604 series beams are designed for four-way discharge patterns which may be suitable for location certain room sizes.

DID300 series beams have a nominal face width of 12 inches and utilize two vertical chilled water coils. As such they can be furnished with condensate trays to catch any moisture that might have unexpectedly formed on the coil surfaces during periods of unusual operation.

Figure 8: TROX Ceiling Mounted Active Chilled Beams

Active Chilled Beams

DID-E series beams are designed for high sidewall mounting in hotels and other domiciliary applications.

BID series beams condition perimeter areas in UFAD applications. Conditioned air is delivered by a dedicated perimeter area air handling unit. This relieves the UFAD system of the responsibility of providing sensible cooling and heating to the perimeter, resulting in substantially reduced building airflow requirements.

QLCI series beams are integrated into low sidewall mounted cabinets and to discharge conditioned air to the space in a displacement fashion. They are most commonly used for classroom HVAC as they offer significant air quality and acoustical advantages. In fact, they are the only available terminal capable of maintaining classroom sound pressure levels compliant with ANSI Standard S12.60.

Figure 9: Other TROX Air-Water Products

Benefits of Chilled Beams

CHILLED BEAM SYSTEM APPLICATION GUIDELINES
Chilled beams (both passive and active) posses certain inherent advantages over all-air systems. These benefits can be divided into the three categories as follows: First cost benefits of chilled beam systems Chilled beams afford the designer an opportunity to replace large supply and return air ductwork with small chilled water pipes. This results in significant savings in terms of plenum space and increases usable floor space. Chilled beams can be mounted in ceiling spaces as small as 8 to 10 (vertical) inches while all-air systems typically require 2 to 2.5 times that. This vertical space savings can be used to either increase the space ceiling height or reduce the slab spacing and thus the overall building height requirements. The low plenum requirements of chilled beam systems make them ideal choices for retrofit of buildings that have previously used sidewall mounted equipment such as induction units, fan coils and other unitary terminals. Chilled beams contribute to horizontal space savings as their significantly lower supply airflow rates result in smaller supply and return/exhaust air risers. The capacity of the air handling units providing conditioned air to the chilled beam system is also reduced, resulting in considerably smaller equipment room foot prints. LEEDTM also requires that certified buildings be purged for a period of time before occupancy in order to remove airborne contaminants related to the construction process. The significantly reduced airflow requirement of chilled beam systems reduces the fan energy required to accomplish this task. Higher chilled water temperatures used by chilled beams may allow chiller efficiencies to be increased by as much as 35%. Chilled beam systems offer attractive water side economizer. Unlike the case with air side economizers, these free cooling opportunities are not as restrictive in climates that are also humid. Maintenance costs are considerably lower than all-air systems. Chilled beams do not incorporate any moving parts (fans, motors, damper actuators, etc.) or complicated control devices. Most chilled beams do not require filters (and thus regular filter changes) or condensate trays. As their coils operate dry, regular cleaning and disinfection of condensate trays is not necessary. Normal maintenance history suggests that the coils be vacuumed every five years (more frequently in applications such as hospital patient rooms where linens are regularly changed). Figure 10 compares the lifetime maintenance and replacement costs for active chilled beams to fan coil units (FCU), based on an expected FCU lifetime of 20 years. It assumes that each beam or FCU serves a perimeter floor area of 150 square feet.

Fan Coil Unit

Filter Changes: Frequency: Cost per Change: Cost over Lifetime (20 Years): Clean Coil and Condensate System: Frequency: Cost per Event: Cost Over Lifetime: Fan Motor Replacement: Frequency: Cost per Event: Cost Over Lifetime: Once during life $400.00 $400.00 Twice Yearly $30.00 $1,200.00 Twice Yearly $30.00 $1,200.00

Active Chilled Beam

NA

$0.00

Every four Years $30.00 $150.00

NA

$0.00

Operational cost benefits of chilled beam systems The energy costs of operating chilled beam systems are considerably lower than that of all-air systems. This is largely due to the following:

Life Cycle (20 years) maintenance cost:

$2,800.00

$150.00

Source: REHVA Chilled Beam Application Guidebook (2004)

Figure 10: Life Cycle Maintenance Costs Active Chilled Beams versus Fan Coils

Reduced supply air flow rates result in lower fan energy consumption. Operational efficiencies of pumps are intrinsically higher than fans, leading to much lower cooling and heating energy transport costs.

Applications
Comfort and IAQ benefits of chilled beam systems Properly designed chilled beam systems generally result in enhanced thermal comfort and indoor air quality compared to all-air systems.

1)

Brokerage trading areas Trading areas consists of desks where a single trader typically has access to multiple computer terminals and monitors. This high equipment density results in space sensible cooling requirements considerably higher than conventional interior spaces while the ventilation and latent cooling requirements are essentially the same. Active chilled beams remove 60 to 70% of the sensible heat by means of their water circuit, reducing the ducted airflow requirement proportionally.

Active chilled beams generally deliver a constant air volume flow rate to the room. As such, variations in room air motion and cold air dumping that are inherent to variable volume all-air systems are minimized. The constant air volume delivery of primary air to the active chilled beam helps assure that the design space ventilation rates and relative humidity levels are closely maintained.

2)

Broadcast and recording studios Broadcast and recording studios typically have high sensible heat ratios due to their large electronic equipment and lighting loads. In addition, space acoustics and room air velocity control are critical in these spaces. Passive chilled beams are silent and capable of removing large amounts of sensible heat, enabling the use of a low velocity supply air discharge.

Chilled beam application criteria Although the advantages of using chilled beams are numerous, there are restrictions and qualifications that should be considered when determining their suitability to a specific application. Chilled beams are suitable for use where the following conditions exist: Mounting less than 20 feet. Ceiling heights may be greater, but the beam should generally not be mounted more than 20 feet above the floor. The tightness of the building envelope is adequate to prevent excessive moisture transfer. Space moisture gains due to occupancy and/or processes are moderate. Space humidity levels can be consistently maintained such that the space dew point temperature remains below the temperature of the chilled water supply. Passive beams should not be used in areas where considerable or widely variable air velocities are expected. Passive beams should only be considered when an adequate entry and discharge area can be assured. Passive Chilled beams can not be used to heat. 3)

Heat driven laboratory spaces Designers often classify laboratories according to their required supply airflow rate. In laboratories that are densely populated by fume hoods, the make up air requirement is typically 12 air changes per hour or more. These laboratory spaces are classified as air driven. Laboratories whose make up air requirement is less than that are typically considered heat driven. This category includes most biological, pharmaceutical, electronic and forensic laboratories. The ventilation requirement in these laboratories is commonly 6 to 8 air changes per hour, however, the processes and equipment in the laboratory can often result in sensible heat gains that require 18 to 22 air changes with an all-air system. To make matters worse, recirculation of air exhausted from these laboratories is not allowed if their activities involve the use of gases or chemicals. Active chilled beams remove the majority (60 to 70%) of the sensible heat by means of their chilled water coil, enabling ducted airflow rates to be reduced accordingly. Not only is the space more efficiently conditioned, but the ventilation (cooing and heating) load at the air handler is substantially reduced as far less outdoor air is required.

Applications best served by chilled beams Chilled beams are ideal for applications with high space sensible cooling loads, relative to the space ventilation and latent cooling requirements. These applications include, but are not limited to:

Applications
4) High outdoor air percentage applications
Blind Box

Applications such as patient rooms in hospitals typically demand higher ventilation rates as well as accurate control of those rates. Chilled beam systems are ideal for these applications as their hydronic sensible cooling regulates the space temperature while allowing a constant volume delivery of supply and ventilation air to the space. Displacement chilled beams such as the TROX QLCI also offer opportunities for improved contaminant removal efficiencies, reducing the likelihood of communicable diseases spreading to health care staff members. 5) Perimeter treatment for UFAD systems As conditioned air passes through the open floor plenum in UFAD systems, it picks up heat transferred through the structural slab from the return plenum of the floor below. The amount of heat transfer that is likely to occur is very hard to predict as many factors influence it. However, the resultant temperature rise in the conditioned air can often lead to discharge temperatures 4 to 5F higher than those encountered in interior zones nearer the point of entry into the supply air plenum. Such higher temperatures contribute to perimeter zone airflow requirements that are typically 35 to 40% higher than that of conventional (ducted) all-air systems. Passive chilled beams such as the TROX TCB series provide effective and reliable cooling of perimeter spaces in UFAD applications. Figure 11 illustrates such an application where the passive beam is mounted above the acoustical ceiling and adjacent to the blind box above an exterior window. Floor diffusers fed directly from the pressurized supply plenum continue to provide space ventilation and humidity control. Heating cannot be effectively accomplished by passive beams, so an underfloor finned tube heating system or radiant panel heating system typically compliments the chilled beams. Use of passive beams for perimeter area sensible cooling can reduce overall supply airflow rates in UFAD systems by as much as 50%. This also results in a) smaller air handling units and ductwork, smaller supply and return air risers, c) reduced maintenance requirements and occupier disruption, d) improved space acoustics and air quality. a

Passive Chilled Beam

Return Air Grille

Finned Tube Heating Coil

Swirl Type Floor Diffuser

Figure 11: Passive Chilled Beams for Perimeter Treatment in a UFAD System
Chilled beams are also an excellent choice where the vertical height of the ceiling cavity is limited. These include applications involving: 1) Building height restrictions Building codes may restrict the overall height of buildings in certain locales. This commonly promotes the use of tighter slab spacing which reduces the depth of the ceiling cavity. Passive chilled beams can often be fit between structural beams in these applications. Active chilled beam systems can easily be designed to require 10 inches or less clearance when integrated into the ceiling grid system. 2) Retrofits involving reduced slab spacing Many buildings that are candidates for HVAC system retrofits utilize packaged terminal units (induction units, vertical fan coil units, etc.) that are installed below the ceiling level. As such, many of these structures have ceiling cavities with limited depth. Chilled beams are ideal for such retrofits.

10

Multi-Service Chilled Beams

Multi-service (or integrated) chilled beams incorporate other space services into the linear enclosures associated with the chilled beams. This allows fitting of the selected services to the beams within the factory and delivery of elements that house all of these services to the job site in a just-in-time fashion. Upon arrival, these devices are hung, attached in a linear fashion and modular connections facilitate the installation of the various service systems. Figure 12 below illustrates an active multi -service beam and the services that can be easily integrated with it. The core of this device is a DID302 active chilled beam which incorporates a primary air duct (and plenum) a chilled water coil as well as inlet (perforated face) and discharge (linear slot) air passages. The outer frame of the device is designed to provide mounting surfaces and provisions for other services which are installed at the factory prior to shipment to the job site. Some of the services that can be integrated include: 1. 2. 3. 4. Lighting fixtures and controls Speakers Occupancy sensors Smoke detectors In addition, the outer frame is often customized to provide a visual appeal that is consistent with the architecture of the space in which it is mounted. Multi-service chilled beams can be provided as either active or passive versions. In cases where passive beams are used, a separate air distribution system must be provided. Oftentimes this air supply utilizes the cavity beneath a raised access flooring system as a supply plenum and is referred to as Underfloor Air Distribution. The service fixtures provided with multi -service beams are usually provided by others and issued tom the factory for mounting and connection where possible. Upon completion, the beams are shipped to the job site for mounting and final connection. Lighting provided with these beams may be direct, indirect or both. In all cases, the lighting system designer should be consulted to assure that the beam design and placement also provides sufficient space lighting. Fire protection designers should also be consulted in order to assure that the placement of the beams does not conflict with that of the fire sprinklers.

Figure 12: Multi-service Chilled Beams

11

Multi-Service Chilled Beams

Multi-service Chilled Beam Designs Figures 13 and 14 below illustrate passive and active multi-service beam installations. Note that the photograph in figure 13 includes a swirl type diffuser mounted in the floor near the window. This diffuser supplies conditioned air for the ventilation and dehumidification of the space. The beams include a linear bar grille for the room air discharge and are curved to conform to the curvature of the ceiling. Both direct and indirect lighting is provided. Figure 14 illustrates an active beam version where the facial slots have been relocated such that they are not visible and are integrated into the top of the beam, discharging supply air across the surface of the exposed slab. Again lighting is both direct and indirect in the case of these beams. The photographs in these figures do not show a services corridor that runs perpendicular to the beams toward the interior of the space. This corridor is approximately the depth of the beams themselves and houses the main ductwork, piping and other services that feed the beams. These corridors may also house the return air passage in case where the slab is exposed. As a rule of thumb, about thirty (30) linear feet of beams may be connected to each run leaving the service corridor. Most multi-service beams are provided for exposed slab applications but other versions can be provided to integrate with acoustical ceiling grids. The Case for Multi-service Beams Multi-service chilled beams offer numerous advantages over conventional service delivery systems, notably: 1. As the services are integrated into the beams in the factory, quality control can be much better maintained than with field mounted services. Factory mounting involves the provision of proper fixtures to do the work and facilitates difficult piping and valve connection. This also allows the final piping to be leak tested after the components are assembled. Factory mounting of the space services reduces the amount of required trade coordination on the job site. All of the space services mounted in the common housing can be easily accessed for final connection and commissioning as well as future maintenance. The design of the housing involves the project architects as well as the engineering consultants and drives early coordination efforts as opposed to last minute panics. The above advantages can result in significant reductions in the time required to construct the building.

2. 3. 4.

5.

The construction time reduction has made multi -service beams very popular in the Europe, especially the United Kingdom. Cases where the building construction time has been reduced by 25 to 30 percent have been well documented in a number of publications. Construction schedule reductions of ten to fifteen percent result in

Figure 13: Passive Multi-service Beams

Figure 14: Active Multi-service Beams

12

Multi-Service Chilled Beams

significant cost savings. In particular, fixed site costs can be retired much earlier. These fixed site costs include but are not limited to: 1. 2. 3. 4. Communication and utilities services Sanitation services Equipment rentals Insurance costs

Building Height Requirements

Multi-service beams may also afford opportunities for reduced building height and/or facilitate the retrofit of buildings with limited slab spacing. The integration of space services in the beam often eliminates the need for an acoustical ceiling and allows the beams to be pendant mounted directly to the structural slab. Figure 15 below illustrates the slab spacing requirements of a VAV system with fan powered terminals versus an exposed mounted multi-service active chilled beam. The ductwork in the VAV system is must be located such it remains below the horizontal structural supports. It also must be supported several inches above the ceiling grid to allow the installation of light fixtures and sprinkler systems. In order to provide a floor to ceiling height of nine (9) feet, the slab spacing is typically thirteen (13) feet. Multi-service beams which are mounted to the slab allow the provision of a ten (10) foot distance from the floor to the overhead slab while maintaining an 8.5 foot clearance under the beams when used with a 10.5 foot slab spacing. This savings essentially allows the addition twenty percent more floors in a building when multi-service beams are used instead of a VAV system.

On a job with a two year construction schedule, these fixed costs (which contribute nothing to the value of the project) typically amount to 12 to 14% of the value of the construction itself. Terminating the project sooner allows these costs to be cut proportionally. The use of multi-service beams can also allow the elimination of the acoustical ceiling system and, on new construction projects, may afford the use of lesser slab spacing. This may reduce the structure costs as well or may allow more floors to be housed within in a similar structure height (see next section). Finally, earlier completion allows the building owner to begin realizing revenue faster. The combination of these financial impacts typically offsets the cost difference between the multi-service approach and that of conventional HVAC and space services delivery.

Light fixture

Suspended ceiling M ultiservice Chilled Beams

VAV with Fan Terminals 10'-6" 13'-0" 9'-0" 10'-0" 8'-6"

Figure 15: Slab Spacing Reduction with Multi-service Beams

13

Comfort Considerations
CHILLED BEAM GUIDELINES SYSTEM DESIGN
Designing for acceptable space acoustical levels The space acoustical requirements are usually dictated by its intended use. The 2007 ASHRAE Handbook (Applications)3 prescribes design guidance (including recommended space acoustical levels) for various types of facilities and their use.

The HVAC system is responsible for three important tasks that help assure occupant comfort and a healthy indoor environment: 1) 2) 3) Removal of the space sensible heat gains. Delivery of a prescribed volume flow rate of outdoor air to properly ventilate the space. Sufficient dehumidification to offset the space latent heat gains.

AIR SIDE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Room and primary air design considerations When chilled beam systems are being contemplated, the relationship between the room design conditions and the primary air requirements should be closely evaluated. As previously stated, the chilled water circuit within chilled beams is capable of considerably higher sensible heat removal efficiencies than does conditioned air supplied to the space. As such, it is advantageous to remove as much sensible heat as possible by means of the chilled water circuit. In theory, this practice would allow the supply airflow rate to the space to be reduced proportionally and result in both energy savings and reduced HVAC services space requirements. However, the airflow supply to the space is also the sole source of space ventilation and dehumidification so consideration of these functions is imperative in the design of chilled beam systems. The primary (conditioned) airflow rate to the beam must be sufficient to provide space humidity control, ventilation and supplement the chilled water circuit in satisfying the space sensible heat gains. The space primary airflow rate must be the maximum of that needed to adequately accomplish all of those individual tasks. Space ventilation requirements are usually based on the number of space occupants and the floor area in which they reside. ASHRAE Standard 62 -2004 provides guidance in the calculation of these requirements. Some spaces (laboratories, healthcare facilities, etc.) may require higher ventilation rates due to processes they support. Identification of the required space ventilation rate should be the first step in the design process. a

As the water circuit in chilled beams is designed only to assist in achieving the sensible cooling objective, the air supply to the space must be properly maintained to accomplish the ventilation and dehumidification goals. In order to achieve efficient chilled beam system operation, certain considerations should be factored into the development of the system design and operational objectives. The following sections identify and briefly discuss such considerations that apply to the design, selection and specification of the equipment that supplies and controls the chilled beams. General design objectives. Air-side design goals and considerations. Water-side design goals and considerations. Control and operational considerations.

The following sections discuss design decisions that affect the sizing and selection of the air and water system equipment and accessories. Designing for occupant thermal comfort The maintenance of a high level of occupant thermal comfort is the primary objective of most chilled beam applications. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy 2 identifies key factors that contribute to thermal comfort and defines environmental conditions that are likely to produce such. The Standard generally states that during cooling operation, the space (operative) dry bulb temperature should be maintained between 68 and 77F and the space dew point temperature should not exceed 60.5F. If the space operative temperature is 75F, this maximum dew point temperature corresponds to a relative humidity of 60%. The standard also defines the occupied zone as the portion of the bounded by the floor and the head level of the predominant stationary space occupants (42 inches if seated, 72 if standing) and no closer than 3 feet from outside walls/windows or 1 foot from internal walls. It is generally accepted that velocities within the occupied zone should not exceed 50 to 60 feet per minute.

14

Airside Design Consideration

In order to maintain specified room humidity levels, the primary airflow must remove moisture (latent) heat at the rate at which it is generated. The supply airflow rate required to do this is determined by the equation: CFMLATENT = qLATENT / 4840 x (W ROOM - W SUPPLY) where, qLATENT is the space latent heat gain and W ROOM and W SUPPLY is the humidity ratio (LBS H2O per LB Dry Air) of the room and supply air, respectively. When chilled beam systems are used, the chilled water sensible heat extraction rate allows reduction of design supply airflow rates by 50 to 60% over conventional all air systems. Reductions of this magnitude may, however, compromise space ventilation and dehumidification. When chilled beams are used in applications where a) the design outdoor dew point temperature is above 50F and b) preconditioning outdoor air to a dew point temperature below that (50F) is not feasible, careful consideration should be given to the determination of design room air humidity levels. Figure 16 illustrates relationships between the primary air supply and the space design conditions for a typical interior space. This figure uses the specified room relative humidity and the primary air dew point temperature to establish a factor (FLATENT) that relates the primary airflow requirement to maintain the desired room relative humidity as a ratio of the space ventilation requirement. It assumes a ventilation rate of 20 CFM per person. The primary airflow rate required to accomplish the desired space ventilation and dehumidification can be calculated as: CFMLATENT = FLATENT x CFMVENT Note that maintenance of 50% relative humidity with primary air supplied at a 52F dew point temperature will require that the primary airflow rate for the required space dehumidification be some 2.3 times the space ventilation rate. If the design relative humidity of the space were 55% (well within ASHRAE recommendations), the primary airflow requirement could be halved. Alternatively, the primary air could be conditioned to a 48F dew point in order to maintain 50% relative humidity with a similar primary airflow rate. As the beams are generally operated at a constant volume flow rate, the room relative humidity levels will remain constant during occupied periods. Perimeter airflow requirements in chilled beam systems are generally driven by space sensible heat gains, therefore, space relative humidity levels in those areas will typically remain lower than in interior spaces. In summary, designing for slightly higher relative humidity levels can result in significant reductions in space primary airflow requirements!
4.5

A
Latent Airflow Factor, FLATENT

4.0

3.5

Space Relative Humidity

50% 51%

3.0

52% 53%

2.5

54% 55% Optimized Design Range

2.0

56% 57%

1.5

1.0 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56

Primary Air Dewpoint Termperature, F

Figure 16: Pschrometric relationship Between Space and Primary Airflow

15

Airside Design Considerations

Room air distribution in passive beam applications As passive beams rely only upon natural forces to recirculate the air to and from the space, it is critical that excessive restrictions in the air passages to and from the beams be avoided. As such, passive beams utilize very wide fin spacing (typically 3 to 4 fins per inch) as opposed to conventional cooling coils. Research indicates that the performance of these beams can also be significantly compromised if an adequate entry and discharge path is not maintained. It is generally recommended that the return and discharge passage of air through the ceiling perforated tile be equal to 2 times the width of the coil, normally split 50-50, down the long sides of the beam. Figure 17 illustrates the recommended entry and discharge area relationships for recessed passive beams mounted above a ceiling tile with a 50% free area. The free area of the perforated ceiling has a direct result on performance of the beam., as the free are decreases, the output also decreases. The free area of the tile should not be lower than 28%, however, no increase in output is gained beyond 50% free area. When passive beams are mounted very near a perimeter wall or window, the required return air passage may be reduced as the warm air entering the beam has more momentum (contact TROX USA for further application assistance). Exposed beams must also be located such that the entering air passage requirements are observed. When passive beams are mounted adjacent to an outside window (and the room is thermally stratified), the momentum of the warm air rising along the perimeter surface will likely result in entering air temperatures 4 to 6F warmer than the room control temperature, dependent on the surface temperature of the faade. Ceiling or high sidewall outlets can be used (with a lesser heat transfer efficiency) provided their horizontal throw to 50 FPM does not extend to within four feet of the passive beam. In order to maintain a high level of thermal comfort, passive beams should be located such that the velocities of the falling cool air do not cause discomfort. As a general rule, the velocity at the head level of a stationary occupant should not exceed 50 FPM. Figure 18 illustrates typical velocities directly below passive beams as a function of the sensible cooling they provide.
70

60

Local Velocity, FPM

50

40

Average local velocity 3 feet below passive beam

30

20

Min. 0.33 x B
Minimum 20% Free Area Panel
10

Separation Skirt

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

B W = 2.0 x B

Passive Beam Cooling, BTUH/LF

Figure 18: Velocities Below Passive Beams

Figure 17: Entry Area Requirements for Passive Chilled Beams

Passive chilled beams operate most efficiently in a stratified or partially stratified room environment. As such, displacement ventilation or underfloor air distribution (UFAD) outlets with limited vertical projection (throw to a terminal velocity of 50 FPM is no more than 40% of the mounting height of the beams). For design purposes, the beam entering air temperature should be assumed 2F warmer than that at the control level of the room under the described installation and operating conditions.
16

Airside Design Considerations

Space temperature control in passive beam systems is accomplished by varying the amount of sensible heat removed by the chilled water. The chilled water supply to several beams within a single zone is generally controlled by a single chilled water valve. Although the zone may consist of multiple spaces, a certain degree of temperature compensation for each space will be affected by the passive beam itself. As the cooling requirement of the space is reduced, the temperature of the air entering the beam will also be reduced. This will result in less heat transfer to the water circuit and a lower return water temperature. Passive chilled beams cannot be used for heating as its airflow would be reversed. They are typically applied with some type of separate heating system such as low level finned tube heaters. Radiant (ceiling or wall mounted) heating panels can also be used depending on the faade heat losses expected. Thermal comfort considerations with active beams While the primary (conditioned) airflow rate for active chilled beams can be greatly reduced, their induction ratios (2 to 6 CFM of room air per CFM primary air) result in discharge airflow rates that are slightly higher than those of conventional all-air systems. As such, attention should be exercised in the beam placement to avoid drafty conditions and maximize occupant thermal comfort. Figure 19 predicts maximum occupied zone velocities for various combinations of primary airflow rates and active beam spacing. This nomograph suggests local velocities which will maintain acceptable levels of occupant comfort per ASHRAE. As the room air distribution provided by active beams is identical to that provided by ceiling slot diffusers, their selection for (total) discharge airflow rates greater than 40 CFM per linear foot of slot is not recommended when high levels of occupant thermal comfort are required! The vL velocities shown in figure 19 are those predicted within 2 inches of the window or wall surface during cooling operation. It is recommended that beams which are configured for both heating and cooling of perimeter spaces be selected such that vL (selected for cooling operation) is between 120 and 150 FPM in order to assure that the warm air is adequately projected down the perimeter surface. Velocities taken 6 inches away from the surface can be expected to be about half those values. Heating in chilled beam applications Ceiling or high sidewall mounted passive chilled beams exert no motive force on their discharge airflow, and cannot be used for overhead heating. Heating must be provided by a separate source, either the primary air supply or a separate heating system (finned tube, radiant panel, etc.). Active beams can be for heat in moderate climates. Hot water can either be delivered to each perimeter area beam or to a hot water heating coil in the duct supplying a number of beams within the same thermal control zone. The use of a zone hot water heating coil feeing multiple chilled beams is a generally more economic option than piping each chilled beam for heating as it may save considerable labor and piping material costs. If active chilled beams are used for heating, the following recommendations should be observed: Chilled beam discharge temperatures should be maintained within 15F of the room temperature. Velocities at the mid-level of outside walls and windows should be maintained within the region indicated in figure 19.

Unoccupied periods demanding heating via the chilled beams or primary air system will require that the AHU remain operational. Variable air volume operation using active beams Although normally operated as constant air volume delivery devices, active chilled beams can also be used as variable air volume (VAV) devices. VAV operation may be advantageous when space occupancy and/or ventilation demands vary widely. Recommendations for the control of chilled beams in VAV applications can be found in the control section of this document.

17

Airside Design Considerations

Cooling H - H1 (feet)
3 4 5 6

Cooling mode velocity exceeds recommended level for high occupant comfort levels. Velocities (VL2) within recommended levels for overhead heating applications. 6

Cooling H - H1 (feet)
5 4 3 6

Heating H/2
5 4

70 FPM

BEAM TOTAL AIRFLOW RATE (PER LINEAR FOOT OF SLOT)

Velocities VH1 VL2 and VL6 are based on a 15F temperature differential between the room and the supply airstream. Type C Nozzle: Type B Nozzle: Type A Nozzle: Type G Nozzle: Type M Nozzle: QTOTAL = 3.2 x QPRIMARY QTOTAL = 4.2 x QPRIMARY QTOTAL = 5.3 x QPRIMARY QTOTAL = 3.7 x QPRIMARY QTOTAL = 4.8 x QPRIMARY

Local Velocity VL6 , FPM

Local Velocity VL2 , FPM

100 FPM 120 FPM

Local Velocity VH1 , FPM

60 FPM 40 CFM/LF 55 FPM 100 FPM 50 FPM 35 CFM/LF 45 FPM 40 FPM 30 CFM/LF 70 FPM 80 FPM 80 FPM 90 FPM 90 FPM 110 FPM

70 FPM 35 FPM 25 CFM/LF 60 FPM 30 FPM 20 CFM/LF 50 FPM 50 FPM

4 6 8 10 12 14

60 FPM

Distance A/2 or X (feet)

0.5 QSUPPLY

0.5 QSUPPLY

0.5 QSUPPLY

H - H1 Cooling H/2 Heating

2" 2 for for VL2 VL2 6 for for VL6 VL6 6"

H - H1

VL2 or VL6

VH1

NOTES: 1. 2. 3. VL2 values in chart are measured 2" from wall in a heating mode. For adequate heating performance, V L2 value at mid-level height of the wall should be at least 50 FPM. VL6 values in chart are measured 6" from wall in a cooling mode. V L6 values the top of the occupied zone should be limited to about 75 FPM. VH1 values in chart are measured at the top of the occupied zone directly below the point of collision of two opposing air streams (cooling mode). For optimum thermal comfort, VH1 values should not exceed 50 FPM.

Figure 19: Local Velocity Predictions for TROX Active Chilled Beams
18

Water Side Design Considerations

WATER SIDE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Once the room air conditions have been established, the water side design objectives and requirements can be identified. Certain factors must be considered in arriving at the chilled water system design. The following sections discuss these. Chilled water supply source There are several possible sources of adequately conditioned chilled water for the supply of chilled beam systems. Among these are several sources discussed below: Return water from AHU chilled water coil Dedicated chilled water supply system District chilled water supply Geothermal wells The return water temperature leaving chilled beams is at least 3F higher than the chilled water supply. As such, the chilled water return piping does not normally need to be insulated.
Primary Chilled Water Supply Primary Chilled Water Return

TROX USA recommends that the chilled water supply temperature for passive chilled beams is at least 1F above the maximum room dew point that can be controlled to whilst active beams are kept at or above the room dew point as an operational safety margin. In general, most beams installed to date have a supply temperature 1.5F or more above room dew point.

HEAT EXCHANGER

When air handling units associated with chilled beam systems utilize chilled water evaporator coils, their return water can often be used to remove heat from the chilled beam circuit. Figure 20 illustrates a chilled water loop whose heat is extracted through a heat exchanger to the AHU return water loop. The chilled water supply is a closed loop which includes a bypass by which return water can be bypassed around the heat exchanger to maintain the desired chilled water supply temperature to the beams. Figure 21 illustrates a chilled beam system where the beams are supplied by a dedicated chiller. The chilled water loop allows the chiller to operate at a higher efficiency due to the higher return water temperatures associated with the chilled beam system. The chillers COP can often be increased by 25 to 30% by doing so. In some cases, water from district chilled water supplies or geothermal wells may replace the return water from the AHU and serve as the primary loop in the heat exchanger shown in figure 20. Chilled water supply and return temperatures

3-way Moduating Valve

Supply Temperature Controller

Return Water Bypass

Chilled Water Pump

Secondary (Tempered) Chilled Water Supply to Beams

Secondary Chilled Water Return

Figure 20: Shared or Tempered Chilled Water Supply Circuit

Dedicated Chiller

3-way Moduating Valve

Storage Vessel

Supply Temperature Controller T

Return Water Bypass

Chilled Water Pump

Secondary (Tempered) Chilled Water Supply to Beams

The most important decision regarding the chilled water system involves the specification of a chilled water supply temperature. In order to prevent condensation from forming on the beams, the chilled water supply temperature must be sufficiently maintained. The REHVA Chilled Beam Applications Guidebook1 suggests that condensation will first occur on the supply piping entering the beam. As such, it is very important to insulate the chilled water supply piping to the beams. Reference 4 suggests that condensation will not likely form when the active chilled water supply temperature is maintained no lower than 3F below the room air dew point and at least 1F above the space dew point temperature in the case of passive beams.

Secondary Chilled Water Return

Figure 21: Dedicated Chilled Water Circuit

19

Water Side Design Considerations

Hot water supply and return temperatures Active chilled beams can be used for perimeter heating and cooling in mild climates. It is recommended that the hot water supply be maintained at a temperature that will result in a beam discharge temperature no more than15F warmer than the ambient room temperature. Water flow rates There are factors that affect the minimum and maximum water flow rates within the chilled beam system. Maximum flow rates are limited by the pressure loss within the beam. Minimum flow rates are based on the maintenance of turbulent flow to assure proper heat transfer. The following recommendations apply to the chilled water system design:

Water head loss through the beams should be limited to 10 feet H2O or less. Pressures exceeding 10 feet H2O at the water control valve may cause noise when the valve begins opening. The 2005 ASHRAE Handbook (Fundamentals)5 limits water flow rates in pipes that are two (2) inches in diameter or less to that which results in maximum velocities of 4 FPS. Chilled beam water flow rates below 0.15 GPM may result in non-turbulent flow. Selection below this flow rate should not be made as the coil performance cannot be assured.

Water treatment recommendations As most of the elements within the chilled (and hot) water piping systems are typically copper or brass, it is important that the water circuit is treated to assure that there are no corrosive elements in the water. The water circuits feeding the chilled beams should also be treated with a sodium nitrite and biocide solutions to prevent bacterial growth. Glycol should not be added except where absolutely necessary as it changes the specific capacity of the chilled water and its effect on the chilled beam performance must be estimated and accounted for. Prior to start up and commissioning, all chilled and hot water piping should be flushed for contaminants.

20

Control Strategies
CHILLED BEAM CONTROL CONSIDERATIONS
This section discusses the control of both the air and the water supply in chilled beam systems. It also presents and discusses strategies for condensation prevention. Temperature control and zoning with chilled beams Room temperature control is primarily accomplished by varying the water flow rate or its supply temperature to the chilled beam coils in response to a zone thermostat signal. Modulation of the chilled water flow rate typically produces a 7 to 8F swing in the beams supply air temperature, which affects a 50 - 60% turndown in the beams sensible cooling rate. This is usually sufficient for the control of interior spaces (except conference areas) where sensible loads do not tend to vary significantly. If additional reduction of the space cooling is required, the primary air supply to the beam can be reduced. In any case, modulation of the chilled water flow rate or temperature should be the primary means for controlling room temperature as it has little or no effect on space ventilation and/or dehumidification. Only after the chilled water flow has been discontinued should the primary airflow rate be reduced. Thermal control zones for chilled beam applications should be establish in precisely the same manner they are defined for all air systems. These zones should consist of adjacent spaces whose sensible cooling requirements are similar, and several beams should be controlled from a single space thermostat. For example, the beams serving several perimeter spaces with the same solar exposure can be controlled by a single thermostat to create a zone of similar size to that which might be served by a single fan terminal in an all air system. Conference rooms and other areas with widely varying occupancy should be controlled separately. Control of the primary airflow rate Figure 22 illustrates a TROX model VFL flow limiter which can be fitted directly to the inlet side of the active beam. This limiter is fully self-contained and requires no power or control connections. It may be field set to maintain a volume flow rate to the beam. VFL limiters are recommended for use on beams fed by the same air handling unit supplying VAV terminals. The VFL compensates for system pressure changes to maintain the beams design airflow rate. VFL flow limiters require a minimum of 0.15 inches H2O differential static pressure to operate. This must be added to the catalogued pressure loss of the beam to arrive at an appropriate inlet static pressure requirement. For acoustical reasons, the inlet static pressure should not exceed 1.0 inches H2O. More information on VFL flow limiters may be found in TROX leaflet 5/9.2/EN/3. Chilled (and hot) water flow control strategies

Figure 22: TROX VFL Flow Controller

The most economical way to control the output of the chilled beam is to modulate the water flow rate through the coil. This may be accomplished in either of two ways. Figure 23 illustrates a typical piping and hydronic control schematic for a single thermal zone utilizing chilled beams. There are isolation valves within each zone which allow the chilled beam coils within the zone to be isolated from the chilled water system. This enables beams to be relocated or removed without disturbing the water flow in other zones. The coils water flow rate is throttled by a 2-way chilled water valve actuated by the zone thermostat. Most chilled beam systems utilize floating point valve actuators that provide on-off control of the beam water flow. Throttling the water flow rate results in variable volume flow through the main water loop while its supply and return water temperatures tend to remain relatively constant. Figure 24 shows a zone within a chilled beam system that is controlled by a 3-way valve. Such a schematic will allow modulation of the chilled water flow to the beams within the zone while maintaining a constant volume flow rate within the main distribution system. Such control may be advantageous in cases where a dedicated chiller is used and significant variations in the water flow rate can result in danger of freezing within the chiller itself. Three way valves are also frequently used when condensation prevention controls are employed. The piping illustrated in figure 23 is reverse -return. The first unit supplied with chilled water is the farthest from the main chilled water return. Using reverse -return piping tends to adequately balance the water flow to multiple beams within a single zone.

21

Control Strategies
Chilled water supply Chilled water return

Isolation valve

Isolation valve

2 way on-off control valve

Zone thermostat

Chilled beams within a single thermal zone

Figure 23: Chilled Beam Zone Control by Means of a Throttling (On/Off) 2 Way Valve
Chilled water supply Chilled water return

Flow Measurement and Balancing Valves

Isolation valves (2)

3 way proportional control valve

Zone thermostat

Chilled beams within a single thermal zone

Figure 24: Chilled Beam Zone Control by Means of a Diverting 3 Way Valve
Zone thermostat

T
3 way proportional control valve

Chilled water supply

Chilled water return

Pump

Isolation valves (2)

Chilled beams within a single thermal zone

Figure 25: Chilled Beam Zone Control by Water Temperature Modulation

22

Control Strategies
The chilled beam output may also be controlled by maintaining the water flow rate constant and modulating its temperature. In these cases, the water flow rate throughout both the main and zone circuits remains constant. This is a more expensive alternative which is generally only used where space humidity levels are unpredictable yet condensation must be prevented without compromising the space thermal conditions. Figure 25 illustrates such a zone using a mixing strategy where return water is recirculated to raise the chilled water supply temperature to the beams. A pump must be supplied within the zone piping circuit to produce a sufficient head to pump the supply/recirculated water mixture to the beams. Condensation prevention strategies As long as the space dew point temperature can be maintained within a reasonable (+/- 2F) range and the chilled water supply temperature is at (or above) the design value, there should be no chance of condensation on the surfaces of the chilled beams. The beam surfaces will never be as cold as the entering chilled water temperature. In the case of active beams, the constant room airflow across the coil surface will also provide a drying effect. Some applications may, however, be subject to periods where room humidity conditions drift or rise due to infiltration or other processes that may add significant unaccounted for moisture to the space. In these cases, the employment of some type of condensation control strategy may be warranted. There are several methods of condensation prevention control that include the following (and combinations of such): Central monitoring and control Zonal monitoring with on/off control Zonal monitoring with modulating control
Chilled beams within a single thermal zone

Outdoor Air Dew Point Sensor

F

HEAT EXCHANGER Supply Water Temperature Controller

Return Water Bypass

Chilled Water Pump

Secondary Chilled Water Return

Secondary (Tempered) Chilled Water Supply to Beams Pressure Regulator 2-way Chilled Water Valve (one per zone) To Chilled Beam Zones

Figure 26: Chilled Water Temperature Reset Based on Outdoor Dew Point
Chilled water supply

Zone thermostat Moisture Sensor

Chilled water return

Isolation valve 2 way on-off control valve

Isolation valve

Central dew point monitoring and control involves the measurement of the outdoor dew point temperature and control of the chilled water supply temperature in relation to that. This is an effective method of control for relatively mild climate applications where operable windows and/or other sources contribute to excessive infiltration of outdoor air. The central supply water temperature can be modulated to remain at (or some amount above) the outdoor air dew point. Figure 26 illustrates such a method of condensation control. An alternative method of condensation prevention is the use of zonal on/off control signaled by moisture sensors on the zone chilled water connection (see figure 27). When moisture forms on the supply water pipe next to the zone water valve, the zone water flow is shut off and will not be restored until the moisture has been

Figure 27: Throttling Chilled Water Control with Moisture Sensor Override
evaporated. Conditioning of the space will be limited to that provided by the primary airflow until acceptable humidity conditions allow the chilled water flow to be resumed. This is an economic and effective method of condensation control in spaces where such conditions are not expected to occur frequently. The sensor may also be used as a signal to increase the flow of primary air to further dehumidify the space, reducing the time that the chilled water flow is shut off.

23

Installation and Commissioning

If the maintenance of local thermal conditions is critical, a zone humidistat may be used to modulate the zone chilled water supply temperature as shown in figure 28. This requires that each zone fitted for such control be fitted with a pump capable of recirculating return water into the supply circuit of the chilled beam.
Temperature Sensor Dew Point Sensor T Chilled Chilled water water supply return

Uni-strut Channels bolted to structure above allows adjustment along beam width

Zone Temperature and Humidity Controller

3 way proportional control valve

Beam suspended from channels by threaded rods Factory furnished mounting brackets allow adjustment along beam length

Pump

Isolation valves (2)

Figure 29: Installation of an Active Beam

Chilled beams within a single thermal zone

Figure 28: Condensation Protection Using Temperature/Humidity Sensing to Modulate the Zone Chilled Water Temperature
INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING Mounting considerations The weight of chilled beams requires that they be separately supported, independent of any integrated ceiling grid or drywall surface. They are usually suspended from the structure above by means of threaded rods or other sufficiently strong support means that allow the beams position to be vertically adjusted. The beams are usually mounted and connected prior to the installation of the ceiling grid or drywall. TROX chilled beams are furnished with a minimum of four (4) attachment angles whose position can be adjusted along the beam length to allow the beam to be dropped into the suspended ceiling grid with which it is integrated. When integrated with a ceiling grid system or drywall, it is recommended that the beams be suspended from linear channels (such as uni-strut) that run perpendicular to the beams length, so there is some adjustability in every direction. Figure 29 illustrates the mounting of active and passive beams. TROX offers various borders to coordinate DID series beams with three types of acoustical ceiling grids (illustrated in figure 30):

Integration with standard 1" wide (inverted) tee bar grid 1"

Integration with narrow 9/16" wide (inverted) tee bar grid 9/16"

5/16"

Integration with narrow 9/16" wide tubular type grid

9/16"

Integration into dry wall ceiling using plaster frame 1"

Figure 30: Integration of Active Beams into Common Ceiling System Applications

24

Installation and Commissioning

When active beams are to be used without an adjacent ceiling surface, TROX recommends that an extended outer surface be furnished which allows formation of a Coanda effect that helps direct the discharge air horizontally and prevent dumping. Recessed passive chilled beams may also be integrated with suspension grid systems, but they are usually mounted above the grid and have no direct interaction with it. It is recommended that a separation skirt (see figure 5) be used to separate the two air streams (warm entering air from cool discharge air) of the beam. Exposed passive beams are almost always pendant mounted to the structural slab above and used without a false ceiling system. Air and water connections Connection of the chilled water (and hot water where applicable) supplies to chilled beams are the responsibility of the installing contractor. Chilled beams may be furnished with either NPT (threaded) male connections or with straight pipe ends appropriate for field soldering. While each coil is factory tested for leakage, it is important that the beams are at no time subjected to installation or handling that might result in bending or otherwise damaging the pipe connections in any way. All control, balancing and shutoff valves that may be necessary are also to be provided and installed by others. Do not over tighten any threaded connections to the beams. All chilled water supply piping should be adequately insulated. Return water piping may be left un-insulated provided the return water temperature remains above the dew point of the spaces over which it passes. Flexible hoses may be used for chilled beam water connections. These hoses may employ either threaded or snap lock connectors. TROX USA offers such threaded connectors as an option. These connectors are 100% tested and marked with individual identification numbers. In the event of a failure, the batch within which they were manufactured can be readily identified and preemptive remediation can be performed without concern that all hoses on the job are subject to failure soon. The normal life of flexible hoses exceeds fifteen year but can be affected by (among other things) swings in their operational temperature and lack of sufficient water treatment. The connection of the primary air supply duct to active chilled beams is also the responsibility of the installing contractor. This connection should include the provision of at least eight (8) inches of straight sheet metal duct connected directly to the beams primary air inlet. No more than five (5) feet of flexible duct should be used to a connect the beam to the supply air duct and this flexible duct should not have any excess bends or radius. Water treatment It is imperative that there are no corrosive elements in the secondary water supply to the beams as there are brass fittings on the coils and/or connection hoses. Periodic testing of the secondary water circuit on each floor should be performed to assure that none of these corrosive elements are present. Prior to connection to the beams and the chiller plant, the water pipes should be thoroughly flushed to remove any impurities that may reside within them. Only after this purging has occurred should the connections to the coils and the chiller plant be performed. Additional information regarding system cleaning may be found in reference 6. Once filled by the mechanical contractor, the system should be dosed with chemicals that prevent bacterial growth. Typical additives would be a sodium nitrate inhibitor solution of 1000 parts per million (e.g. Nalcol 90) and a biocide solution of 200 parts per million (e.g. Nalcol). Reference 6 provides additional information regarding water treatment. System Commissioning A flow measuring device and suitable balancing valve should be provided for each beam which will enable adjustment of the chilled water flow rate to each beam within the thermal zone to its design value. This is illustrated in figure 24. Where five to six beams are installed in a reverse-return piping circuit (per figure 23), there will likely be no need for such measuring devices and balancing valves. The primary airflow rate to an active chilled beam can best be determined by measuring the static pressure within the pressurized entry plenum and referring to the calibration chart provided with the beam. TROX provides an integral pressure tap (accessible through the face of the beam) to which a measuring gauge can be connected. Do not attempt to read the total discharge airflow rate using a hood or any other device that adds downstream pressure to the beam as it will reduce the amount of induction and as such give false readings.

25

Maintenance
SYSTEM OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
There are certain operational requirements that must observed when chilled beam systems are employed in humid climates. In the event the HVAC system is disabled on nights and/or weekends, the chilled water supply must remain suspended until the primary air supply has properly dehumidified the space. It is recommended that some type of space humidity sensing be used to assure that a proper space dew point temperature has been established prior to starting the delivery of chilled water to the space. If chilled beams are to be used in traffic or lobby areas, it is important that the space be maintained at a positive pressure in order to minimize the infiltration of outdoor air. In the case of lobby areas, the use of revolving doors may be warranted. It is also recommended that the beams not be located near any opening doors or windows in these areas. Maintenance requirements Due to their simplicity and lack of moving parts, chilled beams require little maintenance. In fact, the only scheduled maintenance with chilled beams involves the periodic vacuuming of their coil surfaces. Passive beams generally require that this be done every four to five years. In the case of active beams, such cleaning is only required when the face of the unit return section shows visible dirt. At this time, the primary air nozzles should be visually inspected and any debris or lint removed. In all cases, it is recommended that good filtration be maintained within the air handling unit. REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. REHVA. 2004. Chilled Beam Application Guidebook. ASHRAE. 2004 Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2004. ASHRAE. 2007. ASHRAE HandbookApplications. Energie. 2001. Climatic ceilings technical note: design calculations. ASHRAE. 2005. ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals. BSRIA. 1991. Pre-commission cleaning of water systems. BSRIA Application Guide 8/91. ASHRAE. 2004 Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004.

26

Passive Beam Selection

CHILLED BEAM SELECTION
PASSIVE BEAM SELECTION AND LOCATION Selection and location of passive chilled beams is primarily affected by the following parameters: Required sensible heat removal Allowable chilled water supply temperature Horizontal and vertical space restrictions Occupant thermal comfort considerations Architectural considerations 1. Estimate the beam entering air temperature If a fully mixed room air distribution system is being used, the entering air temperature will equal the room control temperature. If a stratified system is being used, the entering air temperature may be assumed to be 2F warmer than the room control temperature. When mounted directly above a perimeter window, the entering air temperature can be assumed to be 6F warmer than the room temperature. Specify the chilled water supply temperature. Using the temperature difference between the entering air and chilled water, select a beam whose width and length will remove the required amount of sensible heat. Identify the required water flow rate and pressure loss for the selected beam.

Chilled water supply and return temperatures Before a passive beam selection can be made, it is necessary that an appropriate chilled water supply temperature be identified. TROX USA recommends that the chilled water supply temperature to passive beams be maintained at least 1F above the space dew point temperature in order to assure that condensation does not occur. Return water temperatures will generally be 3 to 6F higher than the supply water temperature. Water flow rate and pressure loss considerations Water flow velocities in excess of 4 feet per second should be avoided in order to prevent unwanted noise. Design water flow rates below 0.25 gallons per minute are not recommended as laminar flow begins to occur below this flow rate and coil performance may be reduced. Passive chilled beams should also be selected such that their water side head loss does not exceed 10 feet of water. Passive chilled beam performance data The amount of sensible cooling that can be provided by an active chilled beam is dependent on all of the factors listed above. Tables 2 and 3 illustrate the performance of TROX TCB-1 and TCB-2 series passive chilled beams. The available beam widths are listed in the table. The water side pressure loss is illustrated for 4, 6, 8 and 10 foot versions of each beam. The sensible cooling capacity of each beam is expressed in BTUH per linear foot of length for various temperature differentials between entering air and the entering chilled water supply. This capacity is based on a 6 foot beam length, a discharge free area of 50% and an equal inlet free area. It also assumes that the distance between the beam and any obstacle above it is at least 40% the width of the beam. Table 4 presents correction factors for other beam lengths and inlet/discharge conditions. Passive beam selection procedures Selection of passive chilled beams should be performed as follows: 2. 3.

4.

Passive chilled beam selection examples EXAMPLE 1: TCB-1 series passive (recessed type) chilled beams are being used to condition an interior office space that is 120 feet long by 60 feet wide with a sensible heat gain 12 BTUH per square foot. The space is controlled by a thermostat (at the mid-level of the room) for a dry bulb temperature of 76F and space RH of 50%. A thermal displacement ventilation system supplies 0.2 CFM per square foot of pretreated ventilation air at 65F. SOLUTION: The total sensible heat gain of the space is 8,640 BTUH. The room dew point temperature is 57F therefore a chilled water supply temperature of 58F will be used. As the displacement ventilation system being used in conjunction with the beams will crate a stratified room environment, the beam entering air temperature (and the return air temperature leaving the space) may be assumed to be 2F warmer than the room control temperature, or in this case 78F. The sensible heat removal of the ventilation air can then be calculated as follows: qVENT = 1.09 x CFMVENT x (TRETURN TSUPPLY) = 1.09 x (0.2 x 720) x (78 65) = 2,040 BTUH a

27

Passive Beam Performance

Beam Width (B) (inches)

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

4 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 0.6 1.0 1.6 2.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.7 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.8 1.3 1.9 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

PWATER, ft. H2O Chilled Beam Length, Ft.

5 0.6 1.1 1.8 2.5 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 0.5 0.9 1.4 2.1 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 6 0.7 1.3 2.0 2.9 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 0.6 1.0 1.6 2.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.6 1.1 1.7 2.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.6 1.0 1.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 8 0.9 1.6 2.5 3.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.8 0.7 1.3 2.0 2.8 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.5 0.7 1.3 2.1 3.0 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.8 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 10 1.1 1.9 2.9 4.2 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 0.9 1.6 2.4 3.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.8 0.9 1.6 2.5 3.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 0.5 0.9 1.5 2.1 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 15 216 243 259 270 278 284 288 292 295 297 211 232 244 252 270 262 266 269 271 273 183 197 205 210 214 217 220 222 223 224 164 172 177 180 182 184 185 186 187 188

Sensible Cooling Capacity, (BTUH/LF) TROOM - TCWS

16 236 264 280 291 299 304 309 312 315 318 229 249 262 270 276 280 284 286 288 290 197 211 220 225 229 232 234 236 238 239 174 182 187 191 193 195 196 197 198 199 17 257 285 301 301 319 325 329 333 336 338 247 267 279 287 293 298 301 304 306 308 212 226 234 240 244 247 249 251 252 254 185 193 198 201 203 205 207 208 209 209 18 278 305 321 332 340 346 350 354 357 359 264 284 297 305 311 315 319 321 324 325 227 240 249 254 258 261 264 265 267 268 195 204 208 212 214 216 217 218 219 220 19 299 326 342 353 361 366 371 374 377 380 278 299 312 321 327 332 336 339 341 343 241 255 263 269 273 276 278 280 281 283 206 214 219 222 225 226 228 229 230 230 20 319 347 363 374 381 387 391 395 398 400 296 318 331 346 216 351 354 357 360 362 256 270 278 283 287 290 293 295 296 297 217 225 230 233 235 237 238 239 240 241 21 340 367 383 394 402 408 412 416 419 421 315 337 350 359 365 369 373 376 378 380 270 284 293 298 302 305 307 309 311 312 227 235 240 244 246 248 249 250 251 252 22 361 388 404 415 423 428 433 437 439 442 334 355 368 377 383 388 392 395 397 399 285 299 307 313 317 320 322 324 325 327 238 246 251 254 256 258 260 261 262 262

24

20

16

12

NOTES REGARDING PERFORMANCE DATA: 1. Sensible cooling data is based on a six (6) foot long uncapped beam with a 12" stack height (H), a ceiling free area of 50% and an air passage width (W) twice the beam width (B) per figure 17. 13. 2. For other beam lengths, ceiling free areas and/or air passage widths see table 3 for correction factors.

Table 1: TCB-1 Passive Beam (One Row Coil) Cooling Performance Data

28

Passive Beam Performance

Beam Width (B) (inches)

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

4 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 1.8 3.2 5.0 7.2 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.3 0.9 1.7 2.6 3.8 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.9 0.8 1.4 2.1 3.0 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.5 0.6 1.1 1.8 2.5 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3

PWATER, ft. H2O Chilled Beam Length, Ft.

5 1.3 2.3 3.6 5.2 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.6 1.1 1.9 3.0 4.3 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.2 0.9 1.5 2.4 3.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.7 0.7 1.3 2.0 2.9 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.5 6 1.5 2.6 4.1 5.9 1.0 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.9 1.2 2.2 3.4 4.9 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.4 1.0 1.7 2.7 3.9 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.9 0.8 1.5 2.3 3.3 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.7 8 1.7 3.1 4.8 6.9 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.6 1.5 2.7 4.2 6.0 1.0 1.3 1.7 2.0 2.5 2.9 1.2 2.2 3.4 4.9 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.4 1.1 1.9 3.0 4.3 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.1 10 2.1 3.7 5.8 8.3 1.4 1.9 2.4 2.9 3.5 4.2 1.7 3.1 4.8 6.9 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.7 3.2 1.4 2.5 3.9 5.7 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 1.3 2.2 3.5 5.0 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.7 2.0 2.4 15 153 242 295 330 354 373 387 399 409 417 169 232 267 292 309 322 332 340 346 352 168 202 222 235 245 252 258 262 266 269 153 177 191 201 208 213 217 220 223 225

Sensible Cooling Capacity, (BTUH/LF) TROOM - TCWS

16 194 283 336 371 396 415 429 440 450 458 204 266 302 326 343 356 366 375 381 387 195 228 249 262 272 279 284 289 292 296 176 199 214 224 231 236 240 243 245 248 17 236 324 377 412 437 456 470 482 491 499 239 301 337 361 378 391 401 409 416 422 221 254 275 288 298 305 311 315 319 322 198 222 237 246 253 258 262 265 268 270 18 277 366 418 454 478 497 511 523 533 541 273 336 372 396 413 426 436 444 451 456 247 281 301 314 324 331 337 341 345 348 221 245 259 269 276 281 285 288 291 293 19 318 407 460 495 520 539 553 564 574 582 308 371 407 431 448 461 471 479 486 491 274 307 327 341 350 358 363 368 371 375 244 267 282 291 298 303 308 311 313 315 20 360 448 501 536 561 580 594 606 615 623 343 406 441 466 483 496 506 514 520 526 300 333 354 367 377 384 389 394 398 401 266 290 304 314 321 326 330 333 336 338 21 401 490 542 577 602 621 635 647 656 665 378 440 476 500 517 530 540 549 555 561 326 360 380 393 403 410 416 420 424 427 289 312 327 337 344 349 353 356 358 361 22 442 531 584 619 643 662 677 688 698 706 413 475 511 535 552 565 575 583 590 596 352 386 406 419 429 437 442 447 450 453 311 335 350 359 366 371 375 378 381 383

24

20

16

14

NOTES REGARDING PERFORMANCE DATA: 1. Sensible cooling data is based on a six (6) foot long uncapped beam with a 12" stack height (H), a ceiling free area of 50% and an air passage width (W) twice the beam width (B) per figure 17. 13. 2. For other beam lengths, ceiling free areas and/or air passage widths see table 3 for correction factors.

Table 2: TCB-2 Passive Beam (Two Row Coil) Cooling Performance Data

29

Passive Beam Performance

Cooling Performance Factor (FC) Beam Length (linear ft.) Stack Height (inches) Ceiling Panel Free Area (%)
30.0%

12 *
W = 2.0 x B 0.81 0.91 0.95 0.86 0.96 1.01 0.90 1.01 1.06 0.77 0.86 0.90 0.81 0.90 0.95 0.85 0.95 1.00 0.73 0.82 0.86 0.78 0.87 0.91 0.82 0.91 0.96 0.71 0.80 0.84 0.75 0.84 0.88 0.79 0.88 0.93

14 *

Beam Width (Inches) 16 20

W = 2.0 x B 0.81 0.91 0.95 0.86 0.96 1.01 0.90 1.01 1.06 0.77 0.86 0.90 0.81 0.90 0.95 0.85 0.95 1.00 0.73 0.82 0.86 0.78 0.87 0.91 0.82 0.91 0.96 0.71 0.80 0.84 0.75 0.84 0.88 0.79 0.88 0.93 W = 2.0 x B 0.81 0.91 0.95 0.86 0.96 1.01 0.90 1.01 1.06 0.77 0.86 0.90 0.81 0.90 0.95 0.85 0.95 1.00 0.73 0.82 0.86 0.78 0.87 0.91 0.82 0.91 0.96 0.71 0.80 0.84 0.75 0.84 0.88 0.79 0.88 0.93

24
W = 2.0 x B 0.81 0.91 0.95 0.86 0.96 1.01 0.90 1.01 1.06 0.77 0.86 0.90 0.81 0.90 0.95 0.85 0.95 1.00 0.73 0.82 0.86 0.78 0.87 0.91 0.82 0.91 0.96 0.71 0.80 0.84 0.75 0.84 0.88 0.79 0.88 0.93

W = 2.0 x B 0.81 0.91 0.95 0.86 0.96 1.01 0.90 1.01 1.06 0.77 0.86 0.90 0.81 0.90 0.95 0.85 0.95 1.00 0.73 0.82 0.86 0.78 0.87 0.91 0.82 0.91 0.96 0.71 0.80 0.84 0.75 0.84 0.88 0.79 0.88 0.93

40.0% 50% or more 30.0%

10

40.0% 50% or more 30.0%

12

40.0% 50% or more 30.0%

40.0% 50% or more 30.0%

10

40.0% 50% or more 30.0%

12

40.0% 50% or more 30.0%

40.0% 50.0% 30.0%

10

40.0% 50% or more 30.0%

12

40.0% 50.0% 30.0%

40.0% 50% or more 30.0%

10

10

40.0% 50% or more 30.0%

12

40.0% 50% or more

* TCB-1 (1 row) beams are available in 12 inch width, but not 14 inches. TCB-2 (2 row) beams are available in 14 inch width, but not 12". NOTES:

1. Cooling performance in tables 1 and 2 are based on 6 foot long beams with a 12" stack height (and W = 2.0 x B). 17). They also assume a 50% (or more free area for both the intake and discharge section (see figure table 13). 2. To determine the performance of a beam with a different length, stack height or facial (free) area, multiply the appropriate cooling factor (FC) from the table of above by the sensible cooling value from table 1 or 2. 3. To determine the performance of a beam with a different length, stack height or facial (free) area, multiply the appropriate cooling factor (FC) from the table of above by the sensible cooling value from table 1 or 2.

Table 3: Correction Factors for Other Beam Configurations

30

Passive Beam Selection

The required sensible heat removal of the beams is the total sensible heat gain of the space (8,640 BTUH) less that removed by the air supply (2,040 BTUH) or 6,600 BTUH. In order to contain the beam and its required inlet area within a single 2 foot wide ceiling module, it is desired that 12 wide beams be used. Table 1 indicates four 8 foot long beams with chilled water flow rates of 0.75 GPM (and a 20F temperature differential between the entering air and chilled water) could remove the required sensible heat. These would be located uniformly within the space. Passive Beams in Perimeter Applications When passive beams are used for perimeter applications, it is not necessary that the inlet area to the beam be as wide as with interior applications. The momentum of the warm air moving up the faade assists in the delivery to the beam. Figure 31 illustrates such an application and suggests that the width of the gap between the beam and the faade can be as little as 33 percent of the beam width, but must be maintained throughout the entire entry passage. For such cases, the performance data shown in tables 1 and 2 may be used. In addition, the beam entering air temperature can be assumed to be 6 to 8F warmer during design operation. EXAMPLE 2: A TCB-2 (recessed type) passive beam is to be used for conditioning a 120 square foot perimeter space served by a UFAD system. The space design conditions are 74F/55% RH. The space sensible heat gain is 45 BTUH per square foot, 10 BTUH per square foot of which will be removed by the pretreated air in the UFAD system. The perimeter exposure is 10 feet long. SOLUTION: The beam entering air temperature can be assumed to be 81F. A chilled water supply temperature of 59F (1F above the space dew point) has been chosen, therefore the temperature difference between the entering air and entering water is 22F. The passive beam selected must be capable of removing 4,200 BTUH (35 BTUH per square foot) of sensible heat. If an 8 foot long beam is to be used, it must remove 525 BTUH per linear foot. According to table 2, a 20 inch wide beam at 1.5 GPM could be used. ACTIVE BEAM SELECTION AND LOCATION In addition to sensible heat removal and water side pressure loss effects, active chilled beam selection and location should also consider acoustical and air side pressure effects as well as room air distribution performance and its effect on occupant thermal comfort.

Blind Box
0.5 x B

H
0.3 x B

Figure 31: Passive Beams for Perimeter Cooling Applications

TROX DID active chilled beams offer a range of air nozzles that afford the designer to tailor the beam selection to the space cooling and air distribution requirements. DID300 and DID600U series beams offer three different nozzle sizes (A, B or C) . Type A nozzles are the smallest in diameter, create the highest induction ratios and thus provide the greatest sensible cooling per CFM of primary air. Their small diameter however also results in higher air side pressure losses which limit the primary airflow rates through the beam. These beams are commonly used for interior spaces where ventilation rates are very low compared to the sensible load. Type C nozzles are the largest in diameter and allow considerably higher primary airflow rates. Use of type C nozzles will allow the most sensible cooling per linear foot of beam of all the nozzles. These beams are most often used when reasonably high primary airflow rates are necessary. Type B nozzles are considerably larger than type A but still smaller than type C nozzles. Their performance is thus a compromise between the other two nozzle types. DID620 series beams offer four nozzle sizes (G, M, Z and K), but the most predominantly used are the G and M types. The type G nozzle produces induction ratios similar to the type C nozzles previously discussed but with slightly higher pressure drops and noise levels. Type M nozzles produce induction ratios that are some 15% higher, but at an additional pressure drop and noise level. For information on nozzle types Z and K contact TROX USA. Table 4 on page 32 presents a brief performance comparison of the various nozzle types.

31

Active Beam Selection and Location

Chilled water supply and return temperatures Before an active chilled beam selection can be made, it is necessary that an appropriate chilled water supply temperature be identified. TROX USA recommends that the chilled water supply temperature to active beams be selected and maintained at or above the space dew point temperature in order to assure that condensation does not occur. Return water temperatures will generally be 3 to 6F higher than the supply water temperature.

Active Beam Series

Nozzle Type

Induction Ratio 1 5.3

Primary Airflow CFM/LF 5.0 8.0 11.0 8.0 13.0 18.0 13.0 19.0 25.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 10.0 14.0 18.0 15.0 21.0 27.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 10.0 14.0 18.0 15.0 21.0 27.0 5.0 8.0 11.0 10.0 16.0 22.0 4.0 8.0 12.0 10.0 16.0 22.0

PAIR inches H2O 0.19 0.48 0.91 0.18 0.47 0.91 0.22 0.47 0.81 0.32 0.57 0.89 0.29 0.58 0.96 0.28 0.55 0.91 0.32 0.57 0.89 0.29 0.58 0.96 0.28 0.55 0.91 0.17 0.45 0.85 0.19 0.49 0.92 0.17 0.45 0.85 0.19 0.49 0.92

Maximum Chilled Water Flow Rate (GPM)

Secondary Cooling 2 NC BTUH/LF <15 23 32 <13 26 35 18 28 36 <15 20 25 18 27 33 22 31 38 <15 20 25 18 27 33 22 31 38 <15 17 25 <15 27 36 <15 17 25 <15 27 36 247 360 433 316 419 504 347 432 505 454 549 634 543 673 787 561 695 812 523 638 743 630 793 938 653 821 970 292 460 566 417 592 702 319 511 636 461 667 802 BTUH/CFM 49.4 45.0 39.3 39.5 32.2 28.0 26.7 22.7 20.2 75.7 68.6 63.4 54.3 48.1 43.7 37.4 33.1 30.1 87.1 79.7 74.3 63.0 56.6 52.1 43.5 39.1 35.9 58.4 57.5 51.4 41.7 37.0 31.9 79.7 63.9 53.0 46.1 41.7 36.4

Total Cooling 3 BTUH/LF 356 534 672 490 702 896 630 846 1050 585 723 852 761 979 1179 888 1153 1400 653 812 961 848 1098 1330 980 1278 1559 401 634 806 635 941 1182 406 685 898 679 1016 1281 BTUH/CFM 71.2 66.8 61.1 61.3 54.0 49.8 48.5 44.5 42.0 97.5 90.4 85.2 76.1 69.9 65.5 59.2 54.9 51.9 108.9 101.5 96.1 84.8 78.4 73.9 65.3 60.9 57.7 80.2 79.3 73.2 63.5 58.8 53.7 101.5 85.7 74.8 67.9 63.5 58.2

DID-302-US

4.2

1.5

3.2

5.3

DID-602-US

4.2

1.5

3.2

5.3

DID-602-HC

4.2

3.0

3.3

M DID-622-US G

4.8

1.5

3.7

M DID-622-HC G

4.8

3.0

3.7

NOTES: 1. 2. 3. 4. Induction ratio is volumetric measure of total supply airflow rate divided by the ducted (primary) airflow rate. Secondary (sensible) cooling is based on a 18F temperature differential between the room and the entering chilled water. Total (sensible) cooling is the sum of the secondary cooling (defined in note 2) and the primary air contribution (based on a 20F temperature differential between the room and the entering primary air). Values shown above are based on six (6) foot active beams with two slot (two way) discharge.

Table 4: Nozzle Types and Performance for TROX (2 Slot) Active Chilled Beams

32

Active Beam Selection and Location

Water flow rate and pressure loss considerations Water flow velocities in excess of 4 feet per second should be avoided in order to prevent unwanted noise. Design water flow rates below 0.25 gallons per minute are not recommended as laminar flow begins to occur below this flow rate and coil performance may be reduced. Chilled beams should also be selected such that their water side head loss does not exceed 10 feet of water. Air side design considerations Although active chilled beams remove large amounts sensible heat from the room air that is circulated through them, it is very important that the designer does not treat them as purely an air conditioning device. They are also an air distribution device and their proper selection and placement is paramount to the maintenance of thermal comfort within the space. The design of active chilled beam systems must not only consider the sensible cooling (and or heating) capacities of the beams but also their resultant room air distribution. Figure 19 can be used to predict local velocities for active chilled beams. In order to prevent excessive velocities in the occupied zone, it is recommended that the beam discharge airflow rate (primary plus induced room air) not be greater than 40 CFM per linear foot of slot, therefore 2 slot beams should not be sized for primary airflow rates in excess of 80 CFM per linear foot of beam. The primary airflow rate to active chilled beams must be sufficient to maintain proper ventilation of the space. The preconditioning of the primary air delivery must also enable the primary air supply to provide adequate space dehumidification without assistance from the cooling coil within the beam. When active beams are applied in humid climates, designing for a space relative humidity level near 55% will often result in a more effective application of the chilled beam system. This is particularly true when the dew point temperature of the primary air cannot be suppressed below about 53F (see further discussion see page 15). Oftentimes, the cooling, ventilation and/or demands for areas fed by the same air handling unit vary. In such cases, the designer should attempt to match the inlet pressure requirements of those beams as closely as possible in order to reduce the noise that can be generated by pressure regulating dampers in the ductwork. This can often be accomplished by selecting nozzle types that will match the pressure drop to the beam primary airflow rate. Active beams used for both heating and cooling Active chilled beams can be used for heating as well as cooling. This is commonly done in climates where overhead heating with all air systems is popular. Heating can be accomplished in either of two ways: Beams can be fitted to a four pipe system (using the four pipe performance data) that enables the beam to access either chilled or hot water according to the space demand. A zone heating coil can be provided in the primary air duct that will add the required zone heating to the primary air prior to its entry into the beam. A two pipe system (delivering chilled water only) will then be sufficient as the zone chilled water valve will remain closed during periods demanding space heating. The latter practice is often employed as it results in far less piping. With either approach, the discharge air temperature should not be more than 15F above that of the room (per ASHRAE recommendations) if adequate overhead heating performance is to be achieved. This same recommendation is valid for all air heating as well. Selecting active beams to do both heating and cooling of perimeter areas requires a close examination of the resultant room air velocities. Figure 36 introduces two velocities (VL2 and VL6) that aid the designer in selecting beams for this application. VL2 represents the velocity measured two (2) inches from the outside window at the mid -level of the space. For good heating performance this value should be at least 50 FPM during the heating mode. VL6 represents the velocity six (6) inches form the surface, and is used to assess the draft risk during cooling operation. For minimal draft risk, the VL6 value should not exceed about 75 FPM. A good beam selection will conform to both of the recommendations cited. Active beams operated in a VAV mode Although they primarily deliver constant air volume (at a variable temperature) active beams may be operated in a VAV mode when space cooling requirements vary greatly (conference rooms, etc.). In such cases there is little concern over dumping at low discharge velocities as the cooling coil is off and the discharge air temperature is only a few degrees below that of the room being served.

33

Active Beam Performance Data

Active beam performance data Performance data for DID600 series, DID620 series, and DID300 series active chilled beams are presented in figures 37 through 62. Table 5 may be used as a reference to that data. Note that this performance data pertains only to those beams manufactured by TROX USA and is intended for the sole purpose of selecting those products. These data may not be applicable to versions offered by other TROX companies. TROX USA also offers electronic selection programs for all of these chilled beams. Contact TROX USA or your local representative for details. The cooling capacity nomographs are based on beams of six (6) foot length supplied by primary air whose dry bulb temperature is 20F cooler than the room being supplies. The chilled water is supplied at a temperature which is 18F above the room air being induced into the beam. Cooling performance for each nozzle type is presented. The primary airflow range for each nozzle is limited to that which results in primary air side pressure losses below one (1) inch of water and NC levels below 40 (based on 10dB per octave band room attenuation. The minimum cooling capacities shown are with no chilled water contribution and represent the sensible cooling provided by the preconditioned primary air supply. Use of these nomographs will facilitate the selection of a nozzle type as well as identify the cooling capacities of the beam for various differentials between the room and entering chilled water temperatures. Similar nomographs are provided for heating applications which assume a primary air delivery temperature that is 20F below that of the room and a hot water supply that is 50F warmer than the induced room air. Again the primary air ranges for the various nozzles are limited by the air side pressure loss (less than 1 H2O.) and space NC (40) level. In the case of the heating nomographs, shaded areas are labeled Primary Air Cooling represents the cooling effect of the primary air. The net sensible heating values shown reflect this primary air cooling effect. Both the cooling and heating nomographs include correction factors for other beam lengths. Corrections should also be made if the room to primary air temperature differential varies from that assumed by the nomographs. Finally, figure 19 is used to estimate local velocities associated with the chilled beam selection and placement. The use of these tables is illustrated in the selection examples that follow.

Active Beam Type and Discharge Configuration

Performance Parameter
Cooling Performance (2 Pipe Variants) - Sensible cooling capacities
- Chilled water flow rates - Airside pressure loss data - Acoustical (NC) data

DID601
(1 Slot)

DID602
(2 Slot)

DID621
(1 Slot)

DID622
(2 Slot)

DID301
(1 Slot)

DID302
(2 Slot)

Figure 45

Figure 46

Figure 51

Figure 52

Figure 57

Figure 58

Cooling Performance (4 Pipe Variants) - Sensible cooling capacities

- Chilled water flow rates - Airside pressure loss data - Acoustical (NC) data Figure 47 Figure 48 Figure 53 Figure 54 Figure 59 Figure 60

Heating Performance (2 Pipe Variants) - Sensible heating capacities

- Hot water flow rates - Airside pressure loss data - Acoustical (NC) data Figure 49 Figure 50 Figure 55 Figure 56 Figure 61 Figure 62

Chilled Water Pressure Loss (2 Pipe Coils) Chilled Water Pressure Loss (4 Pipe Coils) Hot Water Pressure Loss (4 Pipe Coils)

Figures 37 and 39 Figures 38 and 40 Figure 41

Figures 37 and 39 Figures 38 and 40 Figure 41

Figures 37 and 39 Figures 38 and 40 Figure 41

Figures 37 and 39 Figures 38 and 40 Figure 41

Figure 42 Figure 43 Figure 44

Figure 42 Figure 43 Figure 44

Table 5: Reference to Active Beam Performance Data

34

Active Beam Selection Examples

Active beam selection examples The following examples detail the selection of active chilled beams for a call center, brokerage trading area (high sensible load) and a laboratory (high primary air change rates). EXAMPLE 3: Select and locate DID302 series active chilled beams to condition a large open office area in a call center. The area considered is 60 feet by 30 feet and houses 22 occupants. The space sensible load (14 BTUH/ft or a total of 25,200 BTUH) is comprised as follows: Occupants: Lighting: Equipment: 4.0 BTUH/ ft 1.5 W/ft (5 BTUH/ ft) 1.5 W/ft (5 BTUH/ft) In order to satisfy the space latent gain, the required primary airflow rate would be calculated as: CFMLATENT = qLATENT / 4840 x (W ROOM W PRIMARY) = 4,400 / 4840 x (0.0098 0.0079) = 478 CFM The ratio of the sensible heat gain to the primary airflow rate is therefore 52.7 (25,200 BTUH/478 CFM). The chilled water supply temperature will be specified at 57F (18F below room temperature) in order to maintain it above the space dew point temperature. Referring to table 4, it would appear that a DID302 -US beam with type B nozzles delivering primary air at 13 CFM per linear foot of beam would be appropriate. Table 4 also predicts that this selection would provide 702 BTUH of sensible cooling per linear foot of beam, so the application would require 36 linear feet of beam, or six (4) six (8) foot long beams. Figure 32 illustrates the desired mounting layout for the beams. Figure 19 indicates that beams with an opposing blow will provide very low VH1 velocities when a spacing of 30 feet is maintained. The air side pressure loss will be 0.47 inches of H2O and an NC value of 28 are indicated by table 4. Figure 42 predicts a water side pressure loss of 8.25 feet for a chilled water flow rate of 1.5 GPM. EXAMPLE 4: Select and locate DID622 series active chilled beams to condition a brokerage trading area. The area considered is 40 feet by 40 feet and houses 16 traders. The space sensible load (44 BTUH/ft or a total of 81,600 BTUH) is comprised as follows: Occupants: Lighting: Equipment: 5.0 BTUH/ ft 1.5 W/ft (5 BTUH/ ft) 12 W/ft (41 BTUH/ft)

The space should be designed for a 75F dry bulb temperature and a maximum relative humidity of 53% (corresponding to a dew point temperature of 56.8Fand a humidity ratio (W ROOM) of 0.0098 Lbs H2O per Lb DA). The primary air will be conditioned to a dew point temperature of 51F (corresponding to a humidity ratio W PRIMARY of 0.0079 Lbs H2O per Lb DA) and delivered at 55F. The ceilings are ten (10) feet high. The space NC shall not exceed 35. SOLUTION: As there are 22 occupants, the chilled beams must not only remove the space sensible gain, but must also treat the space latent gain (200 BTUH per person or a total of 5,000 BTUH) and provide proper space ventilation. If a ventilation rate of 15 CFM per person is to be maintained this amounts to a space ventilation rate of 330 CFM.

DID302-US Active Chilled Beams, 6 foot Nominal Length (typical of 6)

10 feet

The space should be designed for a 75F dry bulb temperature and a maximum relative humidity of 53% (corresponding to a dew point temperature of 56.8F and a humidity ratio (W ROOM) of 0.0098 Lbs H2O per Lb DA). The primary air will be conditioned to a dew point temperature of 51F (corresponding to a humidity ratio W PRIMARY of 0.0079 Lbs H2O per Lb DA) and delivered at 55F. The ceilings are ten (10) feet high. The space NC shall not exceed 40.

30 feet

Figure 32: Beam Layout for Example 3

35

Active Beam Selection Examples

SOLUTION: The beams must be selected to remove 70,400 BTUH (44 BTUH/FT) of sensible heat from the space. The beams primary airflow rate must also be sufficient to handle the latent gain from the 16 occupants (200 BTUH per person or a total of 3,200 BTUH) and provide proper ventilation (176 CFM per ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004) to the space occupants. In order to satisfy the space latent gain, the required primary airflow rate would be calculated as: CFMLATENT = qLATENT / 4840 x (W ROOM W PRIMARY) = 3,200 / 4840 x (0.0098 0.0079) = 348 CFM The ideal ratio of the sensible heat gain to the primary airflow rate would be 202 BTUH/CFM of primary air, but this is not achievable for any of the beam/nozzle arrangements listed in table 4. The sensible cooling requirement will therefore determine the primary airflow rate. The chilled water supply temperature will be specified at 57F (18F below room temperature) in order to maintain it above the space dew point temperature. In order to minimize the number of beams, DID622 -HC beams (and two pipe HC coils) will be considered. Figure 52 summarizes the performance of a six (6) foot beam of this type. If G nozzles are to be used, an airflow rate of 23 BTUH/LF can be employed within the acoustical constraints defined. This will result in a beam sensible cooling capacity of about 1,275 BTUH/LF (with its maximum chilled water flow rate of 2.25 GPM). In this case, we would require 64 linear feet of beams. If twelve (12) six foot units were provided, the necessary cooling (1,133 BTUH/LF) could be accomplished with a primary airflow rate of 20 CFM/LF and a chilled water flow rate of 2.25 GPM. This results in a space primary airflow requirement of 1,440 CFM. Alternatively, type M nozzles could be employed. Figure 52 indicates that these nozzles (in a six foot beam) can provide up to 900 BTUH/LF of sensible cooling with a chilled water flow rate of 2.25 GPM and a primary airflow rate of 12 CFM/LF and. If these nozzles are chosen, we need 78 linear feet of beams. If twelve (12) eight foot units (at their maximum chilled water flow rate of 2.0 GPM) are employed, the cooling requirement could be satisfied at a primary airflow rate of 11.5 CFM / LF, or a total primary airflow rate of 1,104 CFM. In either case the NC level would be within specified levels, while the air side pressure drop would be approximately 1.0 inches H2O. If, in order to minimize the primary airflow requirement, the latter selection were preferred, the beam layout might be as shown in figure 33.

12 feet

12 feet 40 feet

Figure 33: Chilled Beam Layout for Selection Example 4

Referring to figure 19, the total discharge airflow rate (CFM/LF of beam) of the selection using M nozzles is: CFMSUPPLY = CFMPRIMARY x Induction Ratio = 11.5 CFM/LF x 4.8 = 55 CFM/LF As the beam has 2 slots, this equates to 27.5 CFM per linear foot of slot. The beam spacing (A) is twelve feet so A/2 is six feet. Figure 19 indicates that, the velocities VH1 and VL6 six feet below the ceiling velocity will be approximately 30 and 58 FPM, respectively. These are well within the values recommended. The airside pressure loss is about 0.93 inches H2O and the NC level (27) is well within the range specified. EXAMPLE 5: DID602 series beams are to be used for a biological laboratory module. The laboratory module is 30 by 20 feet (600 ft) with ten (10) foot ceilings. The space sensible cooling load is 70 BTUH/ft while the total space latent load is 2,000 BTUH. A minimum air change rate of 8 ACH-1 will be required. The velocity at the six foot level of the occupied space should not exceed 60 FPM while that along the wall cannot exceed 100 FPM. The design conditions within the laboratory are 75F/50% RH (W = 0.0092 LBM H2O per pound dry air, dew point temperature of 55.2F). The NC shall not exceed 40 nor shall the primary air pressure drop exceed 1.0 inches H2O.

36

Active Beam Selection Examples

The primary air supply is to be delivered at 55F with a dew point temperature of 52F (W = 0.0082 LBM H2O per pound dry air). The beams are to be located directly above the work benches in order to capture the most sensible heat. Figure 34 illustrates the bench layout for the lab. SOLUTION: As the space dew point temperature is 55.2F, a 56F chilled water supply temperature will be used. As the beams are to be located directly above the benches where most of the space heat sources reside, the induced air entering the beams will be assumed to be 2F warmer than the room air resulting in a 21F temperature differential between the room air and the entering chilled water. The minimum primary air delivery to the space for ventilation purposes is 8 ACH-1, or 800 CFM. The amount of primary air required to satisfy the space latent load may be calculated as: CFMLATENT = qLATENT / 4840 x (W ROOM W PRIMARY) = 2,000 / 4840 x (0.0092 0.0082) = 413 CFM As this is less than the ventilation requirement, the minimum primary airflow delivery will be 800 CFM. The total space sensible load is 42,000 BTUH. Ideally, the beam selected should provide 52.5 (42,000 / 800) BTUH of sensible cooling per CFM of primary air. Table 4 indicates that DID602 beams with C nozzles can provide such a ratio. The layout of the laboratory would favor the placement of one or two beams over each bench, so we will consider the use of four (8) eight foot beams. Applying the correction factors from figure 46 we see that an eight foot beam can provide 25 CFM/LF of primary air while keeping the air side pressure drop of inches H 2O. The NC level (39) would also be acceptable. In order to supply the required air changes (800 CFM), we would need 32 feet of these beams or four (4) eight foot lengths. As figure 46 is based on an 18F temperature difference between the air and chilled water entering the beam, we must correct the water side sensible cooling according to the correction factor (1.16) shown in table 6 (page 38) while the primary air contribution (567 BTUH/LF or 17,400 BTUH total) remains the same. The sensible cooling provided the chilled water coil must thus be 24,600 BTUH or 769 BTUH/LF. Applying the correction factor (1.16) from table 6, we enter figure 46 to determine the chilled water flow rate that will provide 663 (769/1.16) BTUH/LF of water side sensible cooling or 1,230 (663 + 567) BTUH/LF of total sensible cooling. This relates to a chilled water flow rate of 1.0 GPM. Figure 35 illustrates the proposed beam placement. Referring to figure 19, the total air supply from each beam will be 666 CFM or 40 CFM per linear foot of slot. As A/2 is 8 feet and X is 7 feet, the value of VH 1 and VL6 at the six foot (H - H1 = 4 feet) level will be 56 and 86 FPM, respectively. The water side pressure drop for DID602-US and DID602-HC can be found in figures 37 and 39, respectively.

8 feet (typical)

Lab Benches

Figure 34: Lab Bench Arrangement for Example 5

16 feet (typical)

DID602-US Active Chilled Beam (8 ft. Long, "C" Nozzles) (typical of 4)

Figure 35: Chilled Beam Arrangement for Example 5

37

Nomenclature and Performance Notes

L (X + H1) X A/2 Beam Spacing (A)

T Z TSUPPLY H - H1 VL T L VH1 T H1 H

6" for Cooling 2" for Heating Occupied Zone Height (H1)
3.3 ft.

OCCUPIED ZONE
(as defined by ASHRAE Std. 55-2004)

1 ft.

Figure 36: Room Air Velocity and Temperature Parameters Used in this Design Nomenclature
VH1: Local velocity at the top of the occupied zone directly below the point of collision of opposing air streams TH1: Local temperature at the top of the occupied zone directly below the point of collision of opposing air streams VL2: Local velocity at the top of the occupied zone measured two (2) inches from an outside wall TL2: Local temperature at the top of the occupied zone measured two (2) inches from an outside wall VL6: Local velocity at the top of the occupied zone measured six (6) inches from an outside wall TL6: Local temperature at the top of the occupied zone measured six (6) inches from an outside wall A: Centerline distance between two active beams with opposing blows X: Distance between active beam centerline and an adjacent wall H: Mounting height of active chilled beam H1: Height of occupied zone (usually considered 42 for seated occupants, 66 inches for standing occupants) TINDUCED AIR: Dry bulb temperature of room air entering the chilled beam cooling coil TCWS: Temperature of the chilled water entering the chilled beam transfer coil (cooling mode) THWS: Temperature of the hot water entering the chilled beam heat transfer coil (heating mode) Induction ratio: Ratio of discharge airflow rate (to the room) to primary (ducted) airflow rate Net sensible heating: Beam water side heating less the cooling effect of the (cooler) primary air
tINDUCED AIR - tCWS Water Side Sensible Cooling Correction Factor 12F 0.67 14F 0.78 16F 0.89 18F 1.0 20F 1.11 22F 1.22

tIHWS - tINDUCED AIR Water Side Heating Correction Factor

20F 0.4

30F 0.6

40F 0.8

50F 1.0

60F 1.2

70F 1.4

Table 6: Water Side Correction Factors for Various Entering Air to Entering Chilled Water Temperature Differentials
38

Table 7: Water Side Correction Factors for Various Entering Air to Entering Hot Water Temperature Differentials

Water Side Pressure Loss

9.0

8.0

Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less than 0.25 GPM is Not Recommended

Chilled Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)

10 Foot Nominal Length Max. GPM = 0.90

7.0

8 Foot Nominal Length Max. GPM = 1.0

6.0

5.0

6 Foot Nominal Length Max. GPM = 1.15

4.0

3.0

4 Foot Nominal Length Max. GPM = 1.35

2.0

1.0

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

Figure 32: 37: 2 Pipe Standard Capacity Coil Chilled Water Pressure Loss
Models DID601-US-2, DID602-US-2, DID621-US-2 and DID622-US-2

9.0

Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less than 0.25 GPM is Not Recommended

Chilled Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)

8.0

10 Foot Nominal Length Max. GPM = 1.1

7.0

8 Foot Nominal Length Max. GPM = 1.2

6.0

5.0

6 Foot Nominal Length Max. GPM = 1.35

4.0

3.0

4 Foot Nominal Length Max. GPM = 1.5

2.0

1.0

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

Figure 33: 38: 4 Pipe Standard Capacity Coil Chilled Water Pressure Loss
Models DID601-US-4, DID602-US-4, DID621-US-4 and DID622-US-4

39

Water Side Pressure Loss

10.0

9.0

8.0

Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less than 0.5 GPM is Not Recommended

Chilled Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)

10 Foot Nominal Length Max. GPM = 1.85

7.0

8 Foot Nominal Length Max. GPM = 2.05

6.0

5.0

6 Foot Nominal Length Max. GPM = 2.35

4.0

3.0

4 Foot Nominal Length Max. GPM = 2.75

2.0

1.0

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

2.00

2.25

2.50

2.75

3.00

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

Figure 39 34: : 2 Pipe High Capacity Coil Chilled Water Pressure Loss
Models DID601-HC-2, DID602-HC-2, DID621-HC-2 and DID622-HC-2

9.0

Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less than 0.5 GPM is Not Recommended

Chilled Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)

8.0

10 Foot Nominal Length Max. GPM = 2.1

7.0

8 Foot Nominal Length Max. GPM = 2.3

6.0

5.0

6 Foot Nominal Length Max. GPM = 2.7

4.0

3.0

4 Foot Nominal Length Max. GPM = 3.0

2.0

1.0

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

2.00

2.25

2.50

2.75

3.00

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

Figure 40 35: : 4 Pipe High Capacity Coil Chilled Water Pressure Loss
Models DID601-HC-4, DID602-HC-4, DID621-HC-4 and DID622-HC-4

40

Water Side Pressure Loss

6.0

5.5

5.0

4.5

4.0

Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less than 0.25 GPM is Not Recommended

Hot Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)

10 Foot Nominal Length

3.5

3.0

8 Foot Nominal Length

2.5

2.0

1.5

6 Foot Nominal Length

1.0 4 Foot Nominal Length

0.5

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

Figure 36: 41: 4 Pipe (Std. or High Capacity) Hot Water Coils Pressure Loss
Models DID601-US-4, DID602-US-4, DID621-US-4 and DID622-US-4, DID601-HC-4, DID602-HC-4, DID621-HC-4 and DID622-HC-4

41

Water Side Pressure Loss

9.0

Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less than 0.25 GPM is Not Recommended

Chilled Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)

8.0

10 Foot Nominal Length Max. GPM = 1.3

7.0

6.0

8 Foot Nominal Length Max. GPM = 1.45

5.0

4.0

3.0

4 Foot Nominal Length Max. GPM = 1.5

2.0

1.0

6 Foot Nominal Length Max. GPM = 1.5

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

Water Flow Rate (GPM) 42: 2 Pipe Standard Capacity Coil Chilled Water Pressure Loss Figure 37:
Models DID301-US-2 and DID302-US-2

9.0

8.0

7.0

Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less than 0.25 GPM is Not Recommended

Chilled Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)

10 Foot Nominal Length Max. GPM = 1.5

8 Foot Nominal Length Max. GPM = 1.5

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

6 Foot Nominal Length Max. GPM = 1.35

1.0

4 Foot Nominal Length Max. GPM = 1.5

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

Figure 38: 43: 4 Pipe Standard Capacity Coil Chilled Water Pressure Loss
Models DID301-US-4 and DID302-US-4

42

Water Side Pressure Loss

6.0

5.5

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less than 0.25 GPM is Not Recommended

Hot Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)

10 Foot Nominal Length

2.0

8 Foot Nominal Length

1.5

1.0 4 Foot Nominal Length 0.5 6 Foot Nominal Length

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

44: 4 Pipe Hot Water Coil Pressure Loss Figure 39:

Models DID301-US-4 and DID3022-US-4

43

Cooling Performance (2-Pipe) DID601

1200 Chart is based on 6 ft. DID601-HC-2 (2 pipe) cooling with a 20F temperature differential between room and primary air and an 18F temperature differential between room and entering chilled water. For other beam lengths, see the correction factors table below. Performance at water flow rates > 1.5 GPM is only achievable with DID601-HC models. GPMCWS

1120

1040

960

880

3.0 2.5

Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

800 GPMCWS 720

1.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.0 0.8 0.6

640

3.0 2.5 2.0

1.5 1.0 0.8 0.3 1.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

GPMCWS

2.0

560

480

1.0 0.8

400

0.6 0.4 0.3

320 0.2 240

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

160 NC 22 80 NC 0 NC 15 20 0.6" 4.0 0.3" 0.4" 2.0 3.0 20 0.3" 25 "A" NOZZLES 0.8" 1.0" 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 0.4" 25 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.3" 30 25 0.4" 34 30 0.5"

"C" NOZZLES 35 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 39 0.9" 1.0"

"B" NOZZLES

0.8" 0.9"1.0"

11.0

12.0

13.0

14.0

15.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID601-US-2 or DID601-HC-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet) Performance Parameter 4 Feet Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Max. Recommended GPM (DID601-US-2 models) Max. Recommended GPM (DID601-HC-2 models) Noise Level (NC) Primary Air Pressure Drop Chilled Water Pressure Loss TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER Multiply by 1.03 1.35 2.65 -5 Multiply by 0.85 6 Feet No Correction 1.15 2.25 No Correction No Correction 8 Feet Multiply by 0.91 1.0 2.0 +3 Multiply by 1.03 10 Feet Multiply by 0.90 0.9 1.8 +4 Multiply by 1.15

See Figure 37 32 (DID601-US-2) or Figure 39 34 (DID601-HC-2) See Table 6 (page 38)

Figure 45: 40: Cooling (2 Pipe) Performance, DID601-US-2 and DID601-HC-2

44

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

Cooling Performance (2-Pipe) DID602

1600 Chart is based on 6 ft. DID602-HC-2 (2 pipe) cooling with a 20F temperature differential between room and primary air and an 18F temperature differential between room and entering chilled water. For other beam lengths, see the correction factors table below. Performance at water flow rates > 1.5 GPM is only achievable with DID602-HC models.

1500

GPMCWS

1400

3.0
SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

1300

2.5 2.0

1200 GPMCWS

1.5 1.0

Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

1100 GPMCWS 1000 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 900 3.0 2.5 2.0 800 1.5 1.0 700 0.8 600 0.6 0.2 0.4 500 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4

0.8 0.6

0.4 0.3

0.2

400

300 NC 22 200 NC 100 NC 0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 15 20 0.6" 0.3" 0.4" 20 0.3" 25 "A" NOZZLES 0.8" 1.0" 0.4" 25 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.3" 30 25 0.4" 34 30 0.5"

"C" NOZZLES 35 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 39 0.9" 1.0"

"B" NOZZLES

0.8" 0.9"1.0"

22.0

24.0

26.0

28.0

30.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID602-US-2 or DID602-HC-2 Lengths & TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet) Performance Parameter 4 Feet Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Max. Recommended GPM (DID602-US-2 models) Max. Recommended GPM (DID602-HC-2 models) Noise Level (NC) Primary Air Pressure Drop Chilled Water Pressure Loss TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER Multiply by 1.03 1.35 2.65 -5 Multiply by 0.85 6 Feet No Correction 1.15 2.25 No Correction No Correction 8 Feet Multiply by 0.91 1.0 2.0 +3 Multiply by 1.03 10 Feet Multiply by 0.90 0.9 1.8 +4 Multiply by 1.15

See Figure 37 (DID602-US-2) or Figure 39 (DID602-HC-2) See Table 6 (page 38)

Figure 46: Cooling (2 Pipe) Performance, DID602-US-2 and DID602-HC-2

45

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

0.2

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

Cooling Performance (4-Pipe) DID601

1200 Chart is based on 6 ft. DID601-HC-4 (4 pipe) cooling with a 20F temperature differential between room and primary air and an 18F temperature differential between room and entering chilled water. For other beam lengths, see the correction factors table below. Performance at water flow rates > 1.5 GPM is only achievable with DID601-HC models.

1120

1040

GPMCWS

960

880 GPMCWS

3.0 2.5 2.0

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

800 GPMCWS 3.0 720 2.5 2.0 640 3.0 560 2.5 2.0 1.5 480 1.0 0.8 400 0.6 0.4 320 0.3 0.2 240
PRIMARY AIR COOLING

1.5 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3

1.5 1.0

160 NC 22 80 NC 0 NC 15 20 0.6" 4.0 0.3" 0.4" 2.0 3.0 20 0.3" 25 "A" NOZZLES 0.8" 1.0" 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 0.4" 25 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.3" 30 25 0.4" 34 30 0.5"

"C" NOZZLES 35 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 39 0.9" 1.0"

"B" NOZZLES

0.8" 0.9"1.0"

11.0

12.0

13.0

14.0

15.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID601-US-4 or DID601-HC-4 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet) Performance Parameter 4 Feet Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Max. Recommended GPM (DID601-US-4 models) Max. Recommended GPM (DID601-HC-4 models) Noise Level (NC) Primary Air Pressure Drop Chilled Water Pressure Loss TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER Multiply by 1.03 1.5 3.0 -5 Multiply by 0.85 6 Feet No Correction 1.35 2.65 No Correction No Correction 8 Feet Multiply by 0.91 1.2 2.35 +3 Multiply by 1.03 10 Feet Multiply by 0.90 1.1 2.1 +4 Multiply by 1.15

See Figure 38 33 (DID601-US-4) or Figure 40 35 (DID601-HC-4) See Table 6 (page 38)

: Cooling (4 Pipe) Performance, DID601-US-4 and DID601-HC-4 Figure 47 42:

46

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

Cooling Performance (4-Pipe) DID602

1600 Chart is based on 6 ft. DID602-HC-4 (4 pipe) cooling with a 20F temperature differential between room and primary air and an 18F temperature differential between room and entering chilled water. For other beam lengths, see the correction factors table below. Performance at water flow rates > 1.5 GPM is only achievable with DID602-HC models.

1500

GPMCWS

1400

1300

3.0 2.5

1200 GPMCWS 1.5 1100 3.0 GPMCWS 1000 2.5 2.0 1.5 900 3.0 2.5 800 2.0 1.5 700 1.0 0.8 600 0.6 500 0.4 0.3 400 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3

Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

1.0 0.8 0.6

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

2.0

300 NC 22 200 NC 100 NC 0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 15 20 0.6" 0.3" 0.4" 20 0.3" 25 "A" NOZZLES 0.8" 1.0" 0.4" 25 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.3" 30 25 0.4" 34 30 0.5"

"C" NOZZLES 35 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 39 0.9" 1.0"

"B" NOZZLES

0.8" 0.9"1.0"

22.0

24.0

26.0

28.0

30.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID602-US-4 or DID602-HC-4 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet) Performance Parameter 4 Feet Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Max. Recommended GPM (DID602-US-4 models) Max. Recommended GPM (DID602-HC-4 models) Noise Level (NC) Primary Air Pressure Drop Chilled Water Pressure Loss TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER Multiply by 1.03 1.5 3.0 -5 Multiply by 0.85 6 Feet No Correction 1.35 2.65 No Correction No Correction 8 Feet Multiply by 0.91 1.2 2.35 +3 Multiply by 1.03 10 Feet Multiply by 0.90 1.1 2.1 +4 Multiply by 1.15

38 (DID602-US-4) or Figure 40 See Figure 33 35 (DID602-HC-4)

See Table 6 (page 38)

Figure 48 43: : Cooling (4 Pipe) Performance, DID602-US-4 and DID602-HC-4

47

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

Heating Performance (4-Pipe) DID601

1200

1100

Chart is based on 6 ft. DID601-HC-4 (4 pipe) heating with a 20F temperature differential between room and primary air and a 50F temperature differential between room and entering hot water. For other beam lengths, see the correction factors table below.

1000

900 GPMHWS 800 1.5

GPMHWS GPMHWS 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.6
NET SENSIBLE HEATING

Net Sensible Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF

700

1.0 0.8

600

0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3

500

0.4 0.3

400 0.2 300 0.2 0.2

200

100

0
PRIMARY AIR COOLING

-100 "A" NOZZLES -200 NC 15 20 0.6" 25 0.8" 1.0" NC 20 0.3" 0.4" 25 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 30 34

0.3" 0.4" -300 "B" NOZZLES -400

0.8" 0.9"1.0"

-500

"C" NOZZLES

NC 22 0.3"

25 0.4"

30 0.5" 0.6"

35 0.7" 0.8"

39 0.9" 1.0"

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

12.0

13.0

14.0

15.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID601-US-4 or DID601-HC-4 Lengths & T ENTERING WATER - TINDUCED AIR
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet) Performance Parameter 4 Feet Water Side Heating (BTUH/LF) Max. Recommended GPM (DID601-US-4 models) Max. Recommended GPM (DID601-HC-4 models) Noise Level (NC) Primary Air Pressure Drop Hot Water Pressure Loss TENTERING HOT WATER - TINDUCED AIR Multiply by 1.04 1.5 1.5 -5 Multiply by 0.85 6 Feet No Correction 1.5 1.5 No Correction No Correction 8 Feet Multiply by 0.88 1.5 1.5 +3 Multiply by 1.03 10 Feet Multiply by 0.85 1.5 1.5 +4 Multiply by 1.15

See Figure 36 41 See Table 7 (page 38)

Figure 49 44: : Heating (4 Pipe) Performance, DID601-US-4 and DID601-HC-4 52

48

WATER SIDE HEATING

Heating Performance (4-Pipe) DID602

1000

900

Chart is based on 6 ft. DID602-HC-4 (4 pipe) heating with a 20F temperature differential between room and primary air and a 50F temperature differential between room and entering hot water. For other beam lengths, see the correction factors table below. GPMHWS GPMHWS GPMHWS 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.6
NET SENSIBLE HEATING

800

700

600

1.0 0.8

1.5

Net Sensible Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF

500

0.6

400

0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

300

0.4

0.3

200

100

0.2

-100

-200

"A" NOZZLES -300 NC -400 15 20 0.6" 25 0.8" 1.0"

0.3" 0.4"

-500 "B" NOZZLES -600 NC 20 0.3" 0.4" 25 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 30 34

0.8" 0.9"1.0"

-700

"C" NOZZLES

NC 22 0.3"

25 0.4"

30 0.5" 0.6"

35 0.7" 0.8"

39 0.9" 1.0"

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

22.0

24.0

26.0

28.0

30.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID602-US-4 or DID602-HC-4 Lengths & T ENTERING WATER - TINDUCED AIR
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet) Performance Parameter 4 Feet Water Side Heating (BTUH/LF) Max. Recommended GPM (DID602-US-4 models) Max. Recommended GPM (DID602-HC-4 models) Noise Level (NC) Primary Air Pressure Drop Hot Water Pressure Loss TENTERING HOT WATER - TINDUCED AIR Multiply by 1.04 1.5 1.5 -5 Multiply by 0.85 6 Feet No Correction 1.5 1.5 No Correction No Correction 8 Feet Multiply by 0.88 1.5 1.5 +3 Multiply by 1.03 10 Feet Multiply by 0.85 1.5 1.5 +4 Multiply by 1.15

See Figure 36 41 See Table 7 (page 38)

Figure 50 45: : Heating (4 Pipe) Performance, DID602-US-4 and DID602-HC-4

49

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

WATER SIDE HEATING

Cooling Performance (2-Pipe) DID621

1120 Chart is based on 6 ft. DID621-HC-2 (2 pipe) cooling with a 20F temperature differential between room and primary air and an 18F temperature differential between room and entering chilled water. For other beam lengths, see the correction factors table below. Performance at water flow rates > 1.5 GPM is only achievable with DID621-HC models. GPMCWS

1040

960

880

Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

800

3.0 2.0
SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

2.5 720

640

GPMCWS

1.5 1.0

560 3.0 480 2.0 1.5 1.0 400 0.6 0.4 320 0.3 0.2 240 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.4

160 "G" NOZZLES 80 NC 0 NC 15 0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 20 0.6" 5.0 15 0.2" 25 27 0.8" 1.0" 6.0 "M" NOZZLES 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 20 0.3" 25 0.4" 0.5" 30 0.6" 0.7" 35 0.8" 0.9" 37 1.0"

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

13.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID621-US-2 or DID621-HC-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet) Performance Parameter 4 feet Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Max. Recommended GPM (DID621-US-2 models) Max. Recommended GPM (DID621-HC-2 models) Noise Level (NC) Primary Air Pressure Drop Chilled Water Pressure Loss TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER Multiply by 1.02 1.35 2.65 -5 Multiply by 1.03 6 feet No Correction 1.15 2.25 No Correction No Correction 8 feet Multiply by 0.98 1.0 2.0 +3 Multiply by .98 10 feet Multiply by 0.90 0.9 1.8 +6 Multiply by .97

37 (DID621-US-2) or 39 See Figure 32 34 (DID621-HC-2)

See Table 6 (page38)

Figure 51 46: : Cooling (2 Pipe) Performance, DID621-US-2 and DID621-HC-2

50

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

Cooling Performance (2-Pipe) DID622

1500 Chart is based on 6 ft. DID622-HC-2 (2 pipe) cooling with a 20F temperature differential between room and primary air and an 18F temperature differential between room and entering chilled water. For other beam lengths, see the correction factors table below. Performance at water flow rates > 1.5 GPM is only achievable with DID622-HC models. GPMCWS

1400

1300

1200

Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

1100

2.5 1000 2.0 1.5 900 GPMCWS 800 0.4 700 3.0 2.0 1.5 600 1.0 0.6 500 0.4 0.3 400 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.6

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

3.0

300 "G" NOZZLES 200 NC 100 NC 15 0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 20 0.6" 10.0 15 0.2" 25 27 0.8" 1.0" 12.0 "M" NOZZLES 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 20 0.3" 25 0.4" 0.5" 30 0.6" 0.7" 35 0.8" 0.9" 37 1.0"

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

26.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID622-US-2 or DID622-HC-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING
WATER Performance Parameter 4 feet Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Max. Recommended GPM (DID622-US-2 models) Max. Recommended GPM (DID622-HC-2models) Noise Level (NC) Primary Air Pressure Drop Chilled Water Pressure Loss TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER Multiply by 1.02 1.35 2.65 -5 Multiply by 1.02 6 feet No Correction 1.15 2.25 No Correction No Correction 8 feet Multiply by 0.98 1.0 2.0 +3 Multiply by .98 10 feet Multiply by 0.90 0.9 1.8 +6 Multiply by .97 Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)

See Figure 37 32 (DID622-US-2) or Figure 39 34 (DID622-HC-2) See table 6 (page38)

Figure 47: 52: Cooling (2 Pipe) Performance, DID622-US-2 and DID622-HC-2

51

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

Cooling Performance (4-Pipe) DID621

1120 Chart is based on 6 ft. DID621-HC-4 (4 pipe) cooling with a 20F temperature differential between room and primary air and an 18F temperature differential between room and entering chilled water. For other beam lengths, see the correction factors table below. Performance at water flow rates > 1.5 GPM is only achievable with DID621-HC models.

1040

960

880

GPMCWS

Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

800

720

2.5 2.0 640 GPMCWS 1.5 560 1.0 0.6 480 3.0 2.0 1.5 400 1.0 0.6 320 0.4 0.3 240 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

3.0

160 "G" NOZZLES 80 NC 0 NC 15 0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 20 0.6" 5.0 15 0.2" 25 27 0.8" 1.0" 6.0 "M" NOZZLES 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 20 0.3" 25 0.4" 0.5" 30 0.6" 0.7" 35 0.8" 0.9" 37 1.0"

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

13.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID621-US-4 or DID621-HC-4 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING
WATER Performance Parameter 4 feet Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Max. Recommended GPM (DID621-US-4 models) Max. Recommended GPM (DID621-HC-4 models) Noise Level (NC) Primary Air Pressure Drop Chilled Water Pressure Loss TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER Multiply by 1.02 1.5 3.0 -5 Multiply by 1.03 6 feet No Correction 1.35 2.65 No Correction No Correction 8 feet Multiply by 0.98 1.2 2.35 +3 Multiply by .98 10 feet Multiply by 0.90 1.1 2.1 +6 Multiply by .97 Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)

See Figure 38 33 (DID621-US-4) or Figure 40 35 (DID621-HC-4) See Table 6 (page 38)

53: Cooling (4 Pipe) Performance, DID621-US-4 and DID621-HC-4 Figure 48:

52

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

Cooling Performance (4-Pipe) DID622

1500 Chart is based on 6 ft. DID622-HC-4 (4 pipe) cooling with a 20F temperature differential between room and primary air and an 18F temperature differential between room and entering chilled water. For other beam lengths, see the correction factors table below. Performance at water flow rates > 1.5 GPM is only achievable with DID622-HC models.

1400

1300

1200

GPMCWS

Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

1100 3.0 1000 2.5 2.0 900 GPMCWS 800 1.5 1.0 0.6 0.4 700 3.0 2.5 600 1.5 1.0 500 0.6 0.3
SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

0.2

400 0.4 300 0.2 "G" NOZZLES 200 NC 100 NC 15 0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 20 0.6" 10.0 15 0.2" 25 27 0.8" 1.0" 12.0 "M" NOZZLES 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 20 0.3" 25 0.4" 0.5" 30 0.6" 0.7" 35 0.8" 0.9" 37 1.0"
PRIMARY AIR COOLING

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID622-US-4 or DID622-HC-4 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet) Performance Parameter 4 feet Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Max. Recommended GPM (DID622-US-4 models) Max. Recommended GPM (DID622-HC-4 models) Noise Level (NC) Primary Air Pressure Drop Chilled Water Pressure Loss TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING HOT WATER Multiply by 1.02 1.5 3.0 -5 Multiply by 1.03 6 feet No Correction 1.35 2.65 No Correction No Correction 8 feet Multiply by 0.98 1.2 2.3 +3 Multiply by .98 10 feet Multiply by 0.90 1.05 2.1 +6 Multiply by .97

See Figure 38 33 (DID622-US-4) or Figure 40 35 (DID622-HC-4) See Table 7 (page 38)

Figure 54 49: : Cooling (4 Pipe) Performance, DID622-US-4 and DID622-HC-4

53

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

Heating Performance (4-Pipe) DID621

1050 Chart is based on 6 ft. DID621-US-4 or DID621-HC-4 (4 pipe) heating with a 20F temperature differential between room and primary air and an 50F temperature differential between room and entering hot water. For other beam lengths, see the correction factors table below.

950

850 GPMHWS 750

Net Sensible Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF

GPMHWS 650 1.5 1.0 1.5 450 1.0 0.6 0.4 350 0.4 250 0.3 0.2 0.2 150 0.3
NET SENSIBLE HEATING

550 0.6

50 0
PRIMARY AIR COOLING

-50

-150

NC

15 0.2" 0.3" 0.4"

20 0.6"

25 27 0.8" 1.0"

-250

"M" NOZZLES "G" NOZZLES NC 15 0.2" 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 20 0.3" 6.0 7.0 25 0.4" 0.5" 8.0 30 0.6" 9.0 0.7" 35 0.8" 0.9" 11.0 37 1.0" 12.0 13.0

10.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID621-US-4 or DID621-HC-4 Lengths & T ENTERING WATER - TINDUCED AIR
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet) Performance Parameter 4 Feet Water Side Heating (BTUH/LF) Max. Recommended GPM (DID621-US-4 models) Max. Recommended GPM (DID621-HC-4 models) Noise Level (NC) Primary Air Pressure Drop Hot Water Pressure Loss TENTERING HOT WATER - TINDUCED AIR Multiply by 1.03 1.5 1.5 -5 Multiply by 1.03 6 Feet No Correction 1.5 1.5 No Correction No Correction 8 Feet Multiply by 0.96 1.5 1.5 +3 Multiply by 0.98 10 Feet Multiply by 0.92 1.5 1.5 +6 Multiply by 0.97

41 See Figure 36
See table 7 (page 38)

Figure 55 50: : Heating (4 Pipe) Performance, DID621-US-4 and DID621-HC-4

54

WATERSIDE HEATING

Heating Performance (4-Pipe) DID622

Chart is based on 6 ft. DID622-US-4 or DID622-HC-4 (4 pipe) heating with a 20F temperature differential between room and primary air and an 50F temperature differential between room and entering hot water. For other beam lengths, see the correction factors table below.

1000

900

GPMHWS

800 GPMHWS 700 1.0 1.5

Net Sensible Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF

600

0.8
NET SENSIBLE HEATING

1.5 0.6

500

1.0 0.8

400

0.6

0.4

300 0.3 200 0.2

0.3

0.2 100

-100
PRIMARY AIR COOLING

-200

-300

NC

15 0.2" 0.3" 0.4"

20 0.6"

25 27 0.8" 1.0"

-400 "M" NOZZLES

-500 NC "G" NOZZLES 15 0.2" 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 20 0.3" 12.0 25 0.4" 14.0 0.5" 16.0 30 0.6" 18.0 0.7" 35 0.8" 0.9" 22.0 37 1.0" 24.0 26.0

20.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID622-US-4 or DID622-HC-4 Lengths & T ENTERING WATER - TINDUCED AIR
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet) Performance Parameter 4 Feet Water Side Heating (BTUH/LF) Max. Recommended GPM (DID622-US-4 models) Max. Recommended GPM (DID622-HC-4 models) Noise Level (NC) Primary Air Pressure Drop Hot Water Pressure Loss TENTERING HOT WATER - TINDUCED AIR Multiply by 1.03 1.5 1.5 -5 Multiply by 1.02 6 Feet No Correction 1.5 1.5 No Correction No Correction 8 Feet Multiply by 0.96 1.5 1.5 +3 Multiply by 0.98 10 Feet Multiply by 0.92 1.5 1.5 +6 Multiply by 0.97

See Figure 41 36 See Table 7 (page 38)

Figure 56 51: : Heating (4 Pipe) Performance, DID622-US-4 and DID622-HC-4

55

WATER SIDE HEATING

0.4

Cooling Performance (2-Pipe) DID301

750 Chart is based on 6 ft. DID301-US-2 (2 pipe) cooling with a 20F temperature differential between room and primary air and an 18F temperature differential between room and entering chilled water. For other beam lengths, see the correction factors table below.

700

650

600 GPMCWS 550

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

500 GPMCWS 450

1.5 1.0 0.8 0.6

400 GPMCWS 350

1.5 1.0 0.8

0.4 0.3 0.2

300

1.5 1.0

0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

250

0.8 0.6

200

0.4 0.3 0.2 NC 20 0.3" 25 0.4" 0.5"

150

"C" NOZZLES 30 0.6" 0.7" 35 0.8" 0.9" 39 1.0"

100

0.2"

50

NC 15 0.2"

20 0.3" 30 0.8"

25 0.4" 33 1.0" 0.5"

30 0.6" 0.8"

35

37 "B" NOZZLES 1.0"

NC

15

20

25 0.6"

0.3" 0.3" 0.4"

"A" NOZZLES

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

12.0

13.0

14.0

150.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID301-US-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet) Performance Parameter 4 Feet Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Max. Recommended GPM (DID301-US-2 models) Noise Level (NC) Primary Air Pressure Drop Chilled Water Pressure Loss TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER Multiply by 1.02 1.5 -1 Multiply by 0.74 6 Feet No Correction 1.5 No Correction No Correction 8 Feet Multiply by 0.97 1.45 +1 Multiply by 1.03 10 Feet Multiply by 0.95 1.35 +2 Multiply by 1.07

42 See Figure 37
See Table 6 (page 38)

Figure 57 52: : Cooling (2 Pipe) Performance, DID301-US-2

56

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

Cooling Performance (2-Pipe) DID302

1500 Chart is based on 6 ft. DID302-US-2 (2 pipe) cooling with a 20F temperature differential between room and primary air and an 18F temperature differential between room and entering chilled water. For other beam lengths, see the correction factors table below. GPMCWS 1200

1400

1300

1100

1.0 1000 GPMCWS 900 1.5 800 GPMCWS 700 0.8 0.6 600 1.5 1.0 500 0.8 0.6 0.4 400 0.3 0.2 300 NC 200 0.2" 20 0.3" 25 0.4" 0.5" "C" NOZZLES 30 0.6" 0.7" 35 0.8" 0.9" 39 1.0" 0.4 0.3 0.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2

Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

1.5

100

NC 15 0.2"

20 0.3" 30 0.8"

25 0.4" 33 1.0" 0.5"

30 0.6" 0.8"

35

37 "B" NOZZLES 1.0"

NC

15

20

25 0.6"

0.3" 0.3" 0.4"

"A" NOZZLES

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

22.0

24.0

26.0

28.0

30.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID302-US-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet) Performance Parameter 4 Feet Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Max. Recommended GPM (DID302-US-2 models) Noise Level (NC) Primary Air Pressure Drop Chilled Water Pressure Loss TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER Multiply by 1.02 1.35 -1 Multiply by 0.74 6 Feet No Correction 1.15 No Correction No Correction 8 Feet Multiply by 0.97 1.0 +1 Multiply by 1.03 10 Feet Multiply by 0.95 0.9 +2 Multiply by 1.07

42 See Figure 37
See table 6 (page 38)

Figure 58 53: : Cooling (2 Pipe) Performance, DID302-US-2

57

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

Cooling Performance (4-Pipe) DID301

750 Chart is based on 6 ft. DID301-US-4 (4 pipe) cooling with a 20F temperature differential between room and primary air and an 18F temperature differential between room and entering chilled water. For other beam lengths, see the correction factors table below.

700

650

600

550

Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

500

450 GPMCWS 400 1.5 1.0 0.5 350 1.5 GPMCWS 300 1.0 0.5 250 1.5 1.0 200 0.5 150 0.3 "C" NOZZLES NC 100 0.2" 20 0.3" 25 0.4" 0.5" 30 0.6" 0.7" 35 0.8" 0.9" 39 1.0" 0.3 0.3

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

GPMCWS

50

NC 15 0.2"

20 0.3" 30 0.8"

25 0.4" 33 1.0" 0.5"

30 0.6" 0.8"

35

37 "B" NOZZLES 1.0"

NC

15

20

25 0.6"

0.3" 0.3" 0.4"

"A" NOZZLES

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

12.0

13.0

14.0

15.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID301-US-4 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet) Performance Parameter 4 Feet Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Max. Recommended GPM (DID301-US-4 models) Noise Level (NC) Primary Air Pressure Drop Chilled Water Pressure Loss TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER Multiply by 1.02 1.5 -1 Multiply by 0.74 6 Feet No Correction 1.5 No Correction No Correction 8 Feet Multiply by 0.97 1.5 +1 Multiply by 1.03 10 Feet Multiply by 0.95 1.5 +2 Multiply by 1.07

43 See Figure 38

See Table 6 (page 38)

Figure 54: 59: Cooling (4 Pipe) Performance, DID301-US-4

58

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

Cooling Performance (4-Pipe) DID302

1500 Chart is based on 6 ft. DID302-US-4 (4 pipe) cooling with a 20F temperature differential between room and primary air and an 18F temperature differential between room and entering chilled water. For other beam lengths, see the correction factors table below.

1400

1300

1200 GPMCWS 1100

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

1000 1.5 1.0 900 GPMCWS 0.8 0.6 800 1.5 1.0 700 GPMCWS 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.2

600 1.5 500 1.0 0.8 400 0.6 0.4 300 0.2 NC 200 0.2" 25 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" "C" NOZZLES 20 30 0.6" 0.7" 35 0.8" 0.9" 39 1.0" 0.6 0.4 0.3
PRIMARY AIR COOLING

0.2

100

NC 15 0.2"

20 0.3" 30 0.8"

25 0.4" 33 1.0" 0.5"

30 0.6" 0.8"

35

37 "B" NOZZLES 1.0"

NC

15

20

25 0.6"

0.3" 0.3" 0.4"

"A" NOZZLES

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

22.0

24.0

26.0

28.0

30.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID302-US-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet) Performance Parameter 4 Feet Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Max. Recommended GPM (DID302-US-2 models) Noise Level (NC) Primary Air Pressure Drop Chilled Water Pressure Loss TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER Multiply by 1.02 1.5 -1 Multiply by 0.74 6 Feet No Correction 1.5 No Correction No Correction 8 Feet Multiply by 0.97 1.45 +1 Multiply by 1.03 10 Feet Multiply by 0.95 1.3 +2 Multiply by 1.07

43 See Figure 38
See Table 6 (page 38)

Figure 60 55: : Cooling (4 Pipe) Performance, DID302-US-4

59

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

Heating Performance (4-Pipe) DID301

450 Chart is based on 6 ft. DID301-US-4 (4 pipe) heating with a 20F temperature differential between room and primary air and an 50F temperature differential between room and entering hot water. For other beam lengths, see the correction factors table below.

400

GPMHWS

350 GPMHWS 300 1.5 1.0 GPMHWS

Net Sensible Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF

250

1.5 1.0 1.5

NET SENSIBLE HEATING

200

0.8

0.8 0.5

1.0 150 0.5 0.3 100 0.3 50 0.3 0.8 0.5

0
PRIMARY AIR COOLING

-50

-150

-200

NC

15

20

25 0.6"

30 0.8" 20 0.3"

33 1.0" 25 0.4" NC 0.3" 0.5" "A" NOZZLES

0.3" 0.3" 0.4" -250

NC 15 0.2"

30 0.6" 0.8" 25

35

37 "B" NOZZLES 1.0" 30 35 0.6" 11.0 0.7" 0.8" 12.0 0.9" 13.0 39 1.0" 14.0

"C" NOZZLES

0.4" 8.0 9.0

0.5" 10.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID301-US-4 Lengths & T ENTERING WATER - TINDUCED AIR
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet) Performance Parameter 4 Feet Water Side Heating (BTUH/LF) Max. Recommended GPM (DID301-US-4 models) Noise Level (NC) Primary Air Pressure Drop Hot Water Pressure Loss TENTERING HOT WATER - TINDUCED AIR Multiply by 1.03 1.5 -1 Multiply by 1.02 6 Feet No Correction 1.5 No Correction No Correction 8 Feet Multiply by 0.96 1.5 +1 Multiply by 0.98 10 Feet Multiply by 0.92 1.5 +2 Multiply by 0.97

44 See Figure 39

See table 7 (page 38)

Figure 61 56: : Heating (4 Pipe) Performance, DID301-US-4

60

WATERSIDE HEATING

Heating Performance (4-Pipe) DID302

Chart is based on 6 ft. DID302-US-4 (4 pipe) heating with a 20F temperature differential between room and primary air and an 50F temperature differential between room and entering hot water. For other beam lengths, see the correction factors table below. GPMHWS 500 1.5 400 1.0 0.8 0.6 300 0.4 0.4 200 1.5 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.6
NET SENSIBLE HEATING

700

600

GPMHWS GPMHWS

Net Sensible Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF

0.6

1.5

0.4 100

-100

-200

-300

-400

-500

NC

15

20

25 0.6"

30 0.8" 20 0.3"

33 1.0" 25 0.4" NC 0.3" 0.5" "A" NOZZLES

0.3" 0.3" 0.4" -600

NC 15 0.2"

30 0.6" 0.8" 25

35

37 "B" NOZZLES 1.0" 30 35 0.6" 22.0 0.7" 0.8" 24.0 0.9" 26.0 39 1.0" 28.0

"C" NOZZLES

0.4" 16.0 18.0

0.5" 20.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID302-US-4 Lengths & T ENTERING WATER - TINDUCED AIR
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet) Performance Parameter 4 Feet Water Side Heating (BTUH/LF) Max. Recommended GPM (DID302-US-4 models) Noise Level (NC) Primary Air Pressure Drop Hot Water Pressure Loss TENTERING HOT WATER - TINDUCED AIR Multiply by 1.03 1.5 -1 Multiply by 1.02 6 Feet No Correction 1.5 No Correction No Correction 8 Feet Multiply by 0.96 1.5 +1 Multiply by 0.98 10 Feet Multiply by 0.92 1.5 +2 Multiply by 0.97

See Figure 44 See Table 7 (page 38)

Figure 62: Heating (4 Pipe) Performance, DID302-US-4

61

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

WATERSIDE HEATING

Specification DID600
DID600 Series Active Chilled Beams PART 1- GENERAL 1.01 Summary 3. This section describes the active chilled beams. 1.02 Submittals 4. steel flanked by two linear supply slots. The entire visible face section shall be finished in white powder coat paint or as specified by the architect. All visible internal surfaces shall be flat black. The face of the beam shall be hinged for easy access to internal components. Beams shall be provided with side and end details which will allow its integration into the applicable (nominal 24 inch wide) acoustical ceiling grid as specified by the architect. Beams used for exposed mounting applications shall include factory mounted Coanda plates to assure a horizontal discharge of the supply air. The beams shall consist of a minimum 20 gauge galvanized steel housing encasing the integral sensible cooling coil and a plenum feeding a series of induction nozzles. A side or end mounted connection spigot shall afford the connection of a primary air supply duct (4 nominal diameter for all one way beams and 2 way beams through six feet in length, 5 nominal diameter for 2 way beams longer than six feet) The overall height of the beams shall not exceed 9 inches. Beams shall incorporate provisions for measurement of their primary airflow rate. The measurement location must be accessible from the face of the beam and require a single pressure differential measurement. Airflow calibration charts that relate the measurement to the primary airflow rate shall be furnished with the beams. (OPTIONAL) Each beam shall be furnished with a separate volume flow limiter for mounting in the primary air duct by the installing contractor. This device shall allow field adjustment of a maximum primary air flow rate that is maintained independent of any static pressure changes in the inlet ductwork. The volume flow limiter shall add no more than 0.20 inches H2O pressure drop to the primary air delivery system and shall not require any control or power connections. Beams shall be provided with connections for either 2 or 4 pipe operation as indicated on plans and schedules. Four pipe configurations shall require separate supply and return connections for chilled and hot water. The coils shall be mounted horizontally and shall be manufactured with seamless copper tubing ( outside diameter) with minimum .025 inch wall thickness mechanically fixed to aluminum fins. The aluminum fins shall be limited to no more than ten (10) fins per inch. The beam shall have a working pressure of at least 300 PSI, be factory tested for leakage at a minimum pressure of 360 PSI. Each chilled beam shall be provided with factory integrated drain fittings. Each chilled beam shall be provided with factory integrated

Submit product data for all items complete with the following information: 1. 2. Operating weights and dimensions of all unit assemblies. Performance data, including sensible and latent cooling capacities, nozzle types, primary and total supply (primary plus induced) airflow rates, chilled (and where applicable hot) water flow rates, noise levels in octave bands, air and water side pressure losses and maximum discharge air throw values. Construction details including manufacturers recommendations for installation, mounting and connection.

3.

5.

PART 2- PRODUCTS 2.01 General Materials and products required for the work of this section shall not contain asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) or other hazardous materials identified by the engineer or owner. Approved Manufacturers: These specifications set forth the minimum requirements for the active chilled beams to be accepted for this project. Products provided by the following manufacturers will be deemed acceptable provided they meet all of the construction and performance requirements of this specification: 1. TROX 2.02 1. Design Furnish and install TROX DID601 and/or DID602 series active chilled beams of sizes and capacities as indicated on the drawings and within the mechanical equipment schedules. The quantity and length of the beams shall be as shown on the drawings, without EXCEPTION. The beams shall be constructed and delivered to the job site as single units. The face of the beam shall consist of a room air induction section of 50% free area perforated
62

6.

7.

2.

Specification DID600
drain fittings. Unless otherwise specified, coil connections shall be bare copper for field sweating to the water supply circuit. Connections shall face upwards, be located near the left end of the beam (when viewing into the primary air connection (OPTIONAL) The chilled water coil shall be provided with NPT male threaded fittings where specified. These fittings must be suitable for field connection to a similar NPT female flexible hose spigot and shall be at least 1 long to facilitate field connection (by others). Beams shall be delivered clean, flushed and capped to prevent ingress of dirt. Performance All performance shall be in compliance with that shown on the equipment schedule. Acoustical testing shall have been performed in accordance with ISO 3741. Coils shall be rated in accordance with ARI Standard 410, but their cooling and heating capacities shall be established in accordance to European Standard EN15116 for the specific application on the inlet side of the submitted chilled beam. Evidence of this testing must be included in the submittal. Primary airflow rates shall not result in supply (primary plus induced) airflow rates in excess of 80 CFM per linear foot of (two slot) beam. Chilled water flow rates to the beams shall be limited to that which results in a maximum ten (10) foot head loss. Water flow velocities through the beam shall not exceed 4 FPS. lowered into the grid module by adjusting the nuts connecting the threaded rods to the beam. Before connecting the supply water system(s) to the beams, contractor shall flush the piping system(s) to assure that all debris and other matter have been removed. Contractor shall perform connection of beams to the chilled water circuit by method specified (hard connection using sweated connection or connection using flexible hoses. Flexible connector hoses shall be furnished by others (optionally by the manufacturer). Hoses shall be twenty four (24) inches in length and suitable for operation with a bend radius as small as five (5) inches. Such hoses shall be 100% tested and certified for no leakage at 500 PSI. Connector hoses shall consist of a PFTE lined hose with a wire braided jacket. The hoses shall be suitable for operation in an environment between -40 and 200F, rated for a least 300 PSI and tested for leakage at a minimum pressure of 360 PSI. Contractor shall assure that the chilled water supplying the beams has been properly treated in accordance to BSRIA publication AG 2/93. No power or direct control connections shall be required for the operation of the chilled beam. Cleaning and Protection Protect units before, during and after installation. Damaged material due to improper site protection shall be cause for rejection. Clean equipment, repair damaged finishes as required to restore beams to as-new appearance.

3.

8.

4.

5.

9. 2.03 1.

2.

6. 3.03 1. 2.

3. 4.

PART 3- EXECUTION 3.02 Installation 1. 2. Coordinate the size, tagging and capacity of the beams to their proper location. (RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION PROCEDURE) Chilled beams up to six feet in length shall be independently suspended from the structure above by a four (4) threaded rods of diameter (provided by the installing contractor). For beams beyond six feet in length, six (6) threaded rods of diameter. The upper end of the rods shall be suspended from strut channels that are a) mounted perpendicular to the beam length and b) at least four inches wider than the beam to facilitate relocation of the threaded rods along their length. The rods shall be fixed to factory mounting brackets on the beam that allow repositioning (at least four inches) along its length. The beam shall then be positioned above the acoustical ceiling grid and

63

Specification DID620
DID620 Series Active Chilled Beams PART 1- GENERAL 1.01 Summary This section describes the active chilled beams. 1.02 Submittals 4. 3. entire visible face section shall be finished in white powder coat paint or as specified by the architect. All visible internal surfaces shall be flat black. Beams shall be provided with side and end details which will allow its integration into the applicable (nominal 24 inch wide) acoustical ceiling grid as specified by the architect. Beams used for exposed mounting applications shall include factory mounted Coanda plates to assure a horizontal discharge of the supply air. The beams shall consist of a minimum 20 gauge galvanized steel housing encasing the integral sensible cooling coil and a plenum feeing a series of induction nozzles. A side (model 622-US-H) or top (model 622-US-V) mounted connection spigot shall afford the connection of a six (6) inch diameter supply air. The overall height of beams shall not exceed 8 inches. Each beam shall be provided with a pressure tap that may be used to measure the pressure differential between the primary air plenum and the room. Airflow calibration charts that relate this pressure differential reading with the primary and beam supply airflow rates shall be furnished with the beams. (OPTIONAL) Each beam shall be furnished with a separate volume flow limiter for mounting in the primary air duct by the installing contractor. This device shall allow field adjustment of a maximum primary air flow rate that is maintained independent of any static pressure changes in the inlet ductwork. The volume flow limiter shall add no more than 0.20 inches H2O pressure drop to the primary air delivery system and shall not require any control or power connections. Beams shall be provided with connections for either 2 or 4 pipe operation as indicated on plans and schedules. Four pipe configurations shall require separate supply and return connections for chilled and hot water. The coils shall be mounted horizontally and shall be manufactured with seamless copper tubing ( outside diameter) with minimum .025 inch wall thickness mechanically fixed to aluminum fins. The aluminum fins shall be limited to no more than ten (10) fins per inch. The beam shall have a working pressure of at least 300 PSI, be factory tested for leakage at a minimum pressure of 360 PSI. Each chilled beam shall be provided with factory integrated drain fittings. Unless otherwise specified, coil connections shall be bare copper for field sweating to the water supply circuit. Connections shall face upwards, be located near the left end of the beam (when viewing into the primary air connection

Submit product data for all items complete with the following information: 1. 2. Operating weights and dimensions of all unit assemblies. Performance data, including sensible and latent cooling capacities, nozzle types, primary and total supply (primary plus induced) airflow rates, chilled (and where applicable hot) water flow rates, noise levels in octave bands, air and water side pressure losses and maximum discharge air throw values. Construction details including manufacturers recommendations for installation, mounting and connection.

5.

3.

6. PART 2- PRODUCTS 2.01 General

Materials and products required for the work of this section shall not contain asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) or other hazardous materials identified by the engineer or owner. Approved Manufacturers: These specifications set forth the minimum requirements for the active chilled beams to be accepted for this project. Products provided by the following manufacturers will be deemed acceptable provided they meet all of the construction and performance requirements of this specification: 1. TROX 2.02 1. Design Furnish and install TROX DID621 (1 slot) and/or DID622 (2 slot) series single slot active chilled beams of sizes and capacities as indicated on the drawings and within the mechanical equipment schedules. The quantity and length of the beams shall be as shown on the drawings, without EXCEPTION. The beams shall be constructed and delivered to the job site as single units. The face of the beam shall consist of a room air induction section of 50% free area perforated steel flanked by two linear supply slots. The
64

7.

2.

Specification DID620
8. (OPTIONAL) The chilled water coil shall be provided with NPT male threaded fittings where specified. These fittings must be suitable for field connection to a similar NPT female flexible hose spigot and shall be at least 1 long to facilitate field connection (by others). Beams shall be delivered clean, flushed and capped to prevent ingress of dirt Performance All performance shall be in compliance with that shown on the equipment schedule. Acoustical testing shall have been performed in accordance with ISO 3741. Coils shall be rated in accordance with ARI Standard 410, but their cooling and heating capacities shall be established in accordance to European Standard EN15116 for the specific application on the inlet side of the submitted chilled beam. Evidence of this testing must be included in the submittal. Primary airflow rates shall not result in supply (primary plus induced) airflow rates in excess of 80 CFM per linear foot of beam. Chilled water flow rates to the beams shall be limited to that which results in a maximum ten (10) foot head loss. Water flow velocities through the beam shall not exceed 4 FPS. 4. Contractor shall perform connection of beams to the chilled water circuit by method specified (hard connection using sweated connection or connection using flexible hoses. Flexible connector hoses shall be furnished by others (optionally by the manufacturer). Hoses shall be twenty four (24) inches in length and suitable for operation with a bend radius as small as five (5) inches. Such hoses shall be 100% tested and certified for no leakage at 500 PSI. Connector hoses shall consist of a PFTE lined hose with a wire braided jacket. The hoses shall be suitable for operation in an environment between -40 and 200F, rated for a least 300 PSI and tested for leakage at a minimum pressure of 360 PSI. Contractor shall assure that the chilled water supplying the beams has been properly treated in accordance to BSRIA publication AG 2/93. No power or direct control connections shall be required for the operation of the chilled beam. Cleaning and Protection Protect units before, during and after installation. Damaged material due to improper site protection shall be cause for rejection. Clean equipment, repair damaged finishes as required to restore beams to as-new appearance.

5.

9. 2.03 1.

2.

6. 3.03 1. 2.

3. 4. 5.

PART 3- EXECUTION 3.02 Installation 1. 2. Coordinate the size, tagging and capacity of the beams to their proper location. (RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION PROCEDURE) Chilled beams up to six feet in length shall be independently suspended from the structure above by a four (4) threaded rods of diameter (provided by the installing contractor). For beams beyond six feet in length, six (6) threaded rods of diameter. The upper end of the rods shall be suspended from strut channels that are a) mounted perpendicular to the beam length and b) at least four inches wider than the beam to facilitate relocation of the threaded rods along their length. The rods shall be fixed to factory mounting slots on the beam that allow repositioning (at least four inches) along its length. The beam shall then be positioned above the acoustical ceiling grid and lowered into the grid module by adjusting the nuts connecting the threaded rods to the beam. Before connecting the supply water system(s) to the beams, contractor shall flush the piping system(s) to assure that all debris and other matter have been removed.

3.

65

Specification DID300
DID300 Series Active Chilled Beams PART 1- GENERAL 1.01 Summary 3. steel flanked by two linear supply slots (or an OPTIONAL linear bar grille with a 70% free area face). The entire visible face section shall be finished in white powder coat paint or as specified by the architect. All visible internal surfaces shall be flat black. Beams shall be provided with side and end details which will allow its integration into the applicable (nominal 12 inch wide) acoustical ceiling grid as specified by the architect. Beams used for exposed mounting applications shall include factory mounted Coanda plates to assure a horizontal discharge of the supply air. The beams shall consist of a minimum 20 gauge galvanized steel housing encasing the integral sensible cooling coil and a plenum feeing a series of induction nozzles. A side entry primary air duct connection shall be provided with a nominal five (5) or six (6) inch round spigot. The overall height of the beams shall not exceed 9 Beams shall incorporate provisions for measurement of their primary airflow rate. The measurement location must be accessible from the face of the beam and require a single pressure differential measurement. Airflow calibration charts that relate the measurement to the primary airflow rate shall be furnished with the beams. (OPTIONAL) Each beam shall be furnished with a separate volume flow limiter for mounting in the primary air duct by the installing contractor. This device shall allow field adjustment of a maximum primary air flow rate that is maintained independent of any static pressure changes in the inlet ductwork. The volume flow limiter shall add no more than 0.20 inches H2O pressure drop to the primary air delivery system and shall not require any control or power connections. When furnished in a 2 pipe configuration, the assembly shall contain two (2) separate chilled water coils with single supply and return connections. Four pipe connections shall require separate connections for their chilled and hot water supply. The coils shall be mounted vertically and (non-piped) condensate trays shall be furnished directly beneath them. The coils shall be manufactured with seamless copper tubing ( outside diameter) with minimum .025 inch wall thickness mechanically fixed to aluminum fins. The aluminum fins shall be limited to no more than ten (10) fins per inch. The beam shall have a working pressure of at least 300 PSI, be factory tested for leakage at a minimum pressure of 360 PSI. Each chilled beam shall be provided with factory integrated drain fittings. Unless otherwise specified, coil connections shall be O.D. bare

This section describes the active chilled beams. 1.02 Submittals

Submit product data for all items complete with the following information: 1. 2. Operating weights and dimensions of all unit assemblies. Performance data, including sensible and latent cooling capacities, nozzle types, primary and total supply (primary plus induced) airflow rates, chilled (and where applicable hot) water flow rates, noise levels in octave bands, air and water side pressure losses and maximum discharge air throw values. Construction details including manufacturers recommendations for installation, mounting and connection. 4.

5.

3.

PART 2- PRODUCTS 2.01 General 6.

Materials and products required for the work of this section shall not contain asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) or other hazardous materials identified by the engineer or owner. Approved Manufacturers: These specifications set forth the minimum requirements for the active chilled beams to be accepted for this project. Products provided by the following manufacturers will be deemed acceptable provided they meet all of the construction and performance requirements of this specification: 1. TROX 2.02 1. Design Furnish and install TROX DID301 (single slot) and/or DID302 (two slot) series active chilled beams of sizes and capacities as indicated on the drawings and within the mechanical equipment schedules. The quantity and length of the beams shall be as shown on the drawings, without EXCEPTION. The beams shall be constructed and delivered to the job site as single units. The face of the beam shall consist of a room air induction section of 50% free area perforated 7.

2.

66

Specification DID300
copper for field sweating to the water supply circuit. Connections to 2 pipe coils shall extend from left end of the beam (when viewing into the primary air connection spigot) and shall be at least 1 long to facilitate field connection (by others). 8. (OPTIONAL) The chilled water coil shall be provided with NPT male threaded fittings where specified. These fittings must be suitable for field connection to a similar NPT female flexible hose. Beams shall be delivered clean, flushed and capped to prevent ingress of dirt. Performance 3. Before connecting the supply water system(s) to the beams, contractor shall flush the piping system(s) to assure that all debris and other matter have been removed. Contractor shall perform connection of beams to the chilled water circuit by method specified (hard connection using sweated connection or connection using flexible hoses. Flexible connector hoses shall be furnished by others (optionally by the manufacturer). Hoses shall be twenty four (24) inches in length and suitable for operation with a bend radius as small as five (5) inches. Such hoses shall be 100% tested and certified for no leakage at 500 PSI. Connector hoses shall consist of a PFTE lined hose with a wire braided jacket. The hoses shall be suitable for operation in an environment between -40 and 200F, rated for a least 300 PSI and tested for leakage at a minimum pressure of 360 PSI. Contractor shall assure that the chilled water supplying the beams has been properly treated in accordance to BSRIA publication AG 2/93. No power or direct control connections shall be required for the operation of the chilled beam. Cleaning and Protection

4.

5.

9. 2.03

All performance shall be in compliance with that shown on the equipment schedule. Acoustical testing shall have been performed in accordance with ISO 3741. Coils shall be rated in accordance with ARI Standard 410, but their cooling and heating capacities shall be established in accordance to European Standard EN15116 for the specific application on the inlet side of the submitted chilled beam. Evidence of this testing must be included in the submittal. Primary airflow rates shall not result in supply (primary plus induced) airflow rates in excess of 40 CFM per linear foot of beam. Chilled water flow rates to the beams shall be limited to that which results in a maximum ten (10) foot head loss. Water flow velocities through the beam shall not exceed 4 FPS. PART 3- EXECUTION 3.02 Installation 1. 2. Coordinate the size, tagging and capacity of the beams to their proper location. (RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION PROCEDURE) Chilled beams up to six feet in length shall be independently suspended from the structure above by a four (4) threaded rods of diameter (provided by the installing contractor). For beams beyond six feet in length, six (6) threaded rods of diameter. The upper end of the rods shall be suspended from strut channels that are a) mounted perpendicular to the beam length and b) at least four inches wider than the beam to facilitate relocation of the threaded rods along their length. The rods shall be fixed to factory mounting brackets on the beam that allow repositioning (at least four inches) along its length. The beam shall then be positioned above the acoustical ceiling grid and lowered into the grid module by adjusting the nuts connecting the threaded rods to the beam.

6. 3.03

Protect units before, during and after installation. Damaged material due to improper site protection shall be cause for rejection. Clean equipment, repair damaged finishes as required to restore beams to as-new appearance.

67

In North America
Trox USA, Inc. 4305 Settingdown Circle Cumming Georgia USA 30028
Telephone: (770) 569-1433 Telefax: (770) 569-1435 e-mail: trox@troxusa.com www.troxusa.com

Head Office & Research Centers

Gebrder Trox GmbH Postfach 10 12 63 D-47504 Neukirchen-Vluyn Telephone 49 28 45/2 02-0 Telefax 49 28 45/2 02-2 65 www.troxtechnik.com E-mail: trox@troxtechnik.de

Australia Trox (Australia) Pty Ltd. Austria Trox Austria GmbH Belgium S.A. Trox Belgium N.V. Brazil Trox do Brasil Ltda. China Trox Air Conditioning Components (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. Croatia Trox Austria GmbH

Czech Republic Trox Austria GmbH Denmark Trox Danmark A/S Dubai Trox (U.K.) Ltd. France Trox France Sarl Germany Hesco Deutschland GmbH FSL FassadenSystemLftung GmbH & Co. KG Great Britain Trox (U.K.) Ltd.

Hong Kong Trox Hong Kong Ltd. Hungary Trox Austria GmbH Italy Trox Italiana S.p.A. Malaysia Trox (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. Norway Auranor Group AS Poland Trox Austria GmbH

South Africa Trox (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd. Spain Trox Espaola, S.A. Switzerland Trox Hesco (Schweiz) AG Yugoslavia Trox Austria GmbH

68
Design changes reserved All rights reserved Gebrder Trox GmbH (01/2009)