CNG KINH DOANH QUC T

1, Ton cu ha :
+ Bn cht l s ph thuc, lin kt, hi nhp ln nhau gia ca cc khu vc, cc quc gia, dn tc trn th gii. + c trng : Th trng : 1 th trng thng nht cho ton th gii, 1 sp thng nht Sn phm : 1 sn phm c cc phn c sn xut nhiu quc gia khc nhau. Thnh lp cc cng ty xuyn quc gia, sp nhp v hp nht cc cng ty thnh cc tp on ln S ra i v pht trin ca cc t chc kinh t, thng mi, ti chnh quc t v khu vc nh : Qu Tin t Quc t (IMF), Ngn hng Th gii (WB), T chc Thng mi Th gii (WTO), Lin minh chu u (EU), Hip c Thng mi t do Bc M (NAFTA), Hip c Thng mi t do ASEAN (AFTA), Din n hp tc kinh t chu - Thi Bnh Dng (APEC), Din n hp tc - u (ASEM),... + ng c ton cu ha : Xa b cc hng ro thng mi v hng ha, dch v, vn ( GATT, WTO) S thay i ca KH-CNKT, in hnh l cng ngh thng tin. C hi kinh doanh mi, ngnh KD mi Th trng, ngun cung nguyn liu mi Gim gi mt hng Thc y tng trng kinh t Tng thu nhp, vic lm S sp ca cc hng, cng ty, gy mt vic Ngho i, khong cch giu ngho Lao ng ph n, tr em Ph hoi mi trng S xm ln v vn ha ca cc tp on a QG Khng hong ti chnh tin t ( hiu ng Domino )

+ Xu th : -

+ Tch cc ( l do ng h) -

+ Tiu cc ( l do khng ng h ) -

nh hng ch quyn quc gia, an ton an ninh QG .

2, S khc bit cc quc gia v yu t mi trng :

+ Vn ha : + Mi trng chnh tr PL + Mi trng kinh t Ch tiu so snh Hnh thnh bi Chnh tr: Ch ngha tp th CNXH CN c nhn CN c ti 4 m hnh : N n thng Nn KT th trng Nn KT mnh lnh Nnh KT hn hp QG cha Cng KT truyn Tn gio Ngn ng Quan im thm m Gio dc Cu trc x hi Tm l kinh t chnh tr Phong qun Gi tr, thi c x tc t p MT Chnh tr - PLuat MT Kinh t MT Vn Ha

Php lut: Common Law Civil Law H thng lut tn gio International Law: H thng lut, quy nh lut mang tnh QTe Ri c pht sinh ro th 1. S nh tr trong kinh doanh 2. S khng chc chn, khng r rng 3. nh hng ca cc ng phi, th lc chnh tr 4. nh hng n kd

5kiu QGia: nghip ha QG km pht trin QG ang pht trin QG cng nghip ha Nc pht trin 1. Lm pht cao 2. CN c quyn, bo h SX trong nc, khng trng 3. T gi hi oi, cn cn thanh ton khng n nh KT th

1. H KDQT thng b ch ngha v chng cn tr : CN ny coi vn ha mnh l siu ng hn, dn n khinh thng nhng con ng vn ha khc, nh gi sai lch .

vi m ( tc ng n vi hng , 1 nhm ngnh) hay nh hng tm v m ( e da n tt c cng ty trong mt QG) 5. Th tc hnh chnh phc tp

4. Thm ht cn cn 2. S thng mi, NK nhiu, XK t 5. S tan v lin

chng

Chnh Ph, ng lao ng, cng lun khi xung t vn ha 3. C shock vn ha ( c bit l shock vn ha ngc)

minh KT (EU ) 6. Vn nhim mi trng lm nng sut lao ng thp v lm hi sc khe ca ngi 7. Nn KT ton cu suy thoi 8. Khng kim sot c tnh trng n cng

Nguyn nhn gy ri ro

1. Ch ngha bi hoi 2. Ni b lc c. 3. Tnh trng x hi, chnh ph, h thng chnh tr khng n nh 4. S xung t chng tc, tn gio, dn tc, t tng ca cc ng phi, t chc, z 5. nh hng ca cc nhm, hip hi KD a phng 6. Cc QG quan h lng lo

Khng r, ngm cu sau @_@

1. Ro cn vn haCN nht) 2. Thiu hiu bit v vn ha cc quc gia v chng ( ng quan tm

3, 3 bc la chn th trng, 2 k thut phn tch th trng :

+ 3 bc la chn th trng : B1 : xc nh c hi kinh doanh : Xc nh c nhu cu hay ko c nhu cu S sn c ca ngun lc S ph hp v mi trng KD, hn ch v cm k ca nh nc. B2 : phn tch yu t, nhn t mi trng, hnh vi, thi ngi tiu dng trong tng sn phm. B3 : cn nhc ra quyt nh + 2 k thut phn tch th trng ; -Nghin cu tin kh khi (SD k thut scanning ) Tp trung x c hi v ri ro SD thng tin cc d liu thng k th cp, r tin, sn c . -> ko phi nh gi qu nhiu th trng. Ct gim hn ch cc th trng t c hi -Nghin cu kh thi (SD k thut kim tra thng tin chi tit) SD cc cuc ving thm v mc ch KD, hi tho hi ngh hi ch nh gi thc t, thc cht th trng. Kt qu thu c SD trong vic ra quyt nh cui cng. -> Ngn chn sa ly cc TT, cc H KD tn km, ko mang li li ch.

4, Chin lc KDQT :
( H chnh) . . . Bn cht CL QT +Tp trung R&D ( nghin cu v pht trin) tr s chnh. +Hsx,marketing, bn hng c thc hin cc QG H. Tr s chnh vn kim sot cht ch. Thng l cho x.khu CL QG SP v DV c thit k ring cho tng th trng kd : +H R&D c lp gia cc TT. + CT marketing, chnh sch gi, bn hng khc nhau. Mi TT l 1 dng CL ton cu H sx v R&D s c tp trung mt a phng c li th nht 1 sp cho tt c. Tp trung vo chin lc chi ph thp, tn dng li ch ng cong kinh nghim, CL xuyn QG CL trn ln cc mc tiu thng qua h thng hc hi ton cu v chuyn giao nng lc ct li gia cc chi nhnh.

sp Li ch vi Cc DN mi gia nhp TT, p lc ct gim CP thp, thch nghi ha P thp. Hiu qu khi DN thm nhp vo TT c s a dng v nhu cu ng tiu dng; p lc ct gim CP thp, thch nghi ha P cao.

li th kinh t pht trin theo quy m p lc ct gim CP cao, thch nghi ha P thp.

DN chu p lc ct gim CP cao, thch nghi ha P cao.

DN to dng pt nng lc ct li, sau chuyn sang cc TT nc ngoi. i th cnh tranh ko c hoc ko th bt chc nng lc ct li. S v v d :

k p dung

Tp trung vo chin lc CP thp, tn dng ng cong KN, li ch kinh t nh quy m.

+ Chin lc quc t : Thnh cng ca McDonald Khi m rng th trng, McDonald xut khu m hnh qun l kinh doanh c pht trin v thnh cng ti th trng M. Cng ty thm nhp th trng nc khc bng hnh thc nhng quyn thng mi, n v nhng quyn phi tun th cht ch theo cng thc ch bin ca McDonald. Hot ng marketing, bn hng c

McDonald thc hin ring tng th trng. Ti Malaysia, Singapore v Thi lan, McDonald's cung cp thm sn phm ung vi hng v su ring, c nh hng Brazil bn km thm cc loi nc gii kht lm t tri gura hay du rng Amazon. n , tht b v tht ln c thay bng tht cu phc v cc gio dn ni y vi tp qun n king. + Chin lc a quc gia : Coca Cola Mi th trng khc nhau, Coca Cola li c cc sn phm khc nhau. Cc cng ty con ca Coca Cola s nghin cu tng th trng v s a ra nhng sn phm ring bit . th trng Vit Nam, Coca Cola a ra 2 sn phm ring bit l nc tng lc Samurai vi hng v tri cay ngt ngo ph hp vi ng VN v nc ung ng chai Dasani. Brazil, Coca Cola cho ra sp nc ung Kuat c lm t mt loi qu a phng. + Chin lc ton cu : Apple s dng chin lc ton cu Hot ng R&D, marketing u c thc hin M, cng ty t nh my sn xut ca mnh Trung Quc l ni c ngun cung lao ng gi r, b phn ca sn phm dc a t khp ni v. Sn phm ng nht cho tt c cc th trng trn th gii. + Chin lc xuyn quc gia . Cng ty Caterpillar Cui thp nin 70, do nhu cu ct gim chi ph, Caterpillar thit k li sn phm ca h s dng nhiu b ph n v u t vo nh my s n xu t linh ki n qui m l n, t a i m t h c h h p , p n g n h u c u t o n c u v n h n r a k i n h t q u i m ( s c a l e economics). Cng lc cng ty tng sn xut linh kin tp trung vi nh my lp rp m i th tr ng l n. Nh ng nh my ny, Caterpillar bi n i s n ph mcho ph hp vi nhu cu tiu dng a phng. Bng vic p dng chin lcny, Caterpillar nhn ra nhiu li ch ca sn xut ton cu khi p ng p lcyu c u c a a phng b ng s khc bi t s n ph m gi a th tr ng cc qu cgia.

5, 2 m hnh ra quyt nh :
Bn cht Ra quyt nh tp trung Trao quyn ra quyt nh Mi quyt nh c tp trung vo Q c TH mi cp qun l ca 1 ngi hay 1 nhm ngi tr s DN.

Li ch

chnh. Nhng ngi qun l cp di ko c quyn iu chnh hay thay i Q ca cc cp qun l cao hn. DN c thc hin vic kim sot cht ch qu trnh thc thi cc quyt nh ban hnh. Quyt nh c duy tr 1 cch n nh v xuyn sut mi v ca DN. Q thng r rng & ko b trng lp cc cp qun l ca DN

Hn ch

Gim thiu, hn ch s sng to c lp v KN t chu trch nhim ca nvin. Qu trnh tp trung ra Q thng tn thi gian & gp kh khn v thi gian v khng gian.

Tho g nhng gnh nng & p lc trong vic ra Q cho cc c nhn & tp th tr s chnh. To ng lc, tng cng sc sng to. Mm do & linh hot hn Cc Q c a ra thng ph hp hn vi cc yu cu c bit ca TT. Do tt c cc cp ra Q -> c th trng lp hoc xung t v Q -> d dn n mt kim sot v quyn ra Q -> mt kim sot DN.

6, H thng hc hi ton cu
+K nng v kin thc c gi tr (v d R&D) c th pht trin bt k hot ng ca cng ty trn ton th gii ( khng ch R&D a phng c thun li hay tr s chnh) +Chuyn t chi nhnh nc ngoi v nc v trao i gia cc chi nhnh nc ngoi. +Ngi qun l phi to lp c mi trng khuyn khch nhn vin chp nhn ri ro v thng cng cho h. +Cn mt qu trnh nhn din k nng pht trin mi. +Cn to iu kin chuyn giao k nng mi trong cng ty.

7, Thun li v kh khn ca 4 chin lc kinh doanh quc t :

Chin lc Ton cu Thun li Kh khn Khai thc c ng cong kinh Kh nng thch nghi ha a nghim v hiu qu kinh t nh phng thp. quy m. Tit kim chi ph

Quc t

a QG

Xuyn QG

DN to dng pt nng lc ct li, Kh nng thch nghi ha a sau chuyn sang cc TT nc phng thp. ngoi. Khng tn dng c ng cong kinh nghim v hiu qu kinh t nh quy m. iu chnh sn phm v dch v Chi ph cao ph hp vi nhu cu thc t ca tng th trng Khai thc c ng cong kinh Yu cu cu trc t chc tt. nghim v hiu qu kinh t nh quy m. Tit kim chi ph iu chnh sn phm v dch v ph hp vi nhu cu thc t ca tng th trng Pht trin c h thng hc hi ton cu

8, ng cong kinh nghim v hiu qu KT nh quy m :

Hiu qu kinh t nh quy m cp n vic ct gim chi ph n v bng cch sn xut mt khi lng ln 1 sn phm. ND : Gim chi ph c nh bng cch sn xut mt khi lng ln SP. Kh nng ca cc cng ty ln s dng thit b v nhn vin chuyn dng. ng cong kinh nghim l khi nim dng ch khi DN cng c kinh nghim trong sn xut hng ha v cung cp dv th chi ph sn xut v cung ng dch v ngy cng gim i.

9, 4 MH t chc ca cc cng ty kinh doanh quc t :

M hnh t chc theo n v KDQT : + Doanh nghip s thnh lp 1 b phn chuyn trch qun l hot ng KDQT + DN s dng m hnh no ni a th cng s dng m hnh y nhng b sung b phn QT . + MH thng c s dng trong giai on y gia nhp th trng. + MH d dn ti xung t gia BP ni a & QT

Headquarter

Product Line A

Product Line B

Product Line C

International Division

Product line A

Product line B

Product line C

MH t chc theo dng sn phm ton cu : + Dn s dng MH t chc theo dng sn phm quc ni. + Do H sx c tp trung 1 s a im nn tn dng c hiu qu kinh t theo quy m v li ch ng cong kinh nghim. + Hiu qu cc khu vc c yu cu thch nghi ha a phng thp
Headquarter

Worldwide product line A

Worldwide product line B

Worldwide product line C

Worldwide product line D

Area 1 (USA)

Area 2 (Asia)

Area 3 (EU)

MH t chc theo khu vc a l ton cu + Thi trng ton cu s c chia ra thnh cc TT nh hn theo KV a l. + Q c trao quyn cho cc nh qun l tng KV. + MH ny rt d dn ti s phn mnh H KDQT + Ph hp vi DN c khc bit v thch nghi ha a phng.

Headquarter

Area 1 (America)

Area 2 (Europe)

Area 3 (Asia)

Area 4 (Africa)

Product line A

Product line B

Product line C

MH t chc theo ma trn : + 1 c nhn ( 1 nh qun l ) c th phi chu s qun l ca c gim c khu vc v gim c dng sp ton cu. + Rt d dn ti s xung t v quyn lc, quyn li gia cc chi nhnh trong ma trn. + MH l n lc b p cc m hnh c lit k trn. + MH ch c hiu qu khi chc nng nv v m t cng vic cc c nhn thc s r rng, phm vi trch nhim v mc ra quyt nh ca cc nh qun l c r rng. + MH ch nn p dng cc QG rt pht trin hoc cc tp on ln c trnh pht trin cao.

10, 6 phng thc thm nhp th trng.

A, Xut khu : y l phng thc thm nhp doanh nghip thng s dng trong gi on u tin thm nhp TT QT. + Li ch :

Trnh chi ph v cc ngun lc khi DN thit lp h sx nc ngoi. Tn dng ng cong kinh nghim v hiu qu KT nh quy m. + Kh khn : Thu v cc ro cn thng mi cn rt nhiu s lm tng gi thnh sp. Cp vn chuyn lu kho bi cao. i l xk khi H ko tt gy nh hng trc tip n H KD ca DN.

B, Cp php : + Li ch : DN cp php s trnh ri ro pht sinh TT nc ngoi Trnh c ro cn u t trc tip DN vn c th m rng H sx kinh doanh m ko phi t chc b phn mi. + Kh khn : DN mt quyn kim sot vi pht minh, sng ch ca mnh . Ko tn dng ng cong KN v hiu qu KT nh quy m. Trong thi gian di, DN c th mt i TS hu hnh, v hnh.

C, Nhng quyn : DN thu mua Franchise phi tun th tuyt i CS ca DN. + Li ch : Dn trnh chi ph pht trin v ri ro lin quan n m rng th trng nc ngoi. Cty c th nhanh chng xy dng 1 s hin din ton cu. + Kh khn : Ngn cn kh nng thu li nhun ngoi quc gia cng nh kh nng h tr kh nng cnh tranh. Khong cch a l t DN cho thu n DN thu nhng quyn c th gy kh khn trong vic pht hin ra sn phm cht lng km.

D, Cha kha trao tay : + Li ch : y l cch kim li nhun kinh t t cc b quyt cn thit lp rp v chy mt qu trnh cng ngh phc tp . t ri ro hn FDI. + Kh khn : Khng c li ch lu di . C th to ra mt i th cnh tranh mi v trc tip. Nu qu trnh cng ngh ca cng ty l mt li th so snh, sau vic bn n qua d n cha kha trao tay ging nh bn li th so snh cho cc i th cnh tranh thc t hoc tim nng.

E, Lin doanh : + Li ch : ch li t kin thc ca i tc a phng v vn ha, h thng chnh tr, h thng kinh doanh. Chi ph v ri ro ca vic m rng th trng nc ngoi c[j chia s. p ng cc cn nhc chnh tr v vic gia nhp th trng. + Kh khn : Ri ro kim sot cng ngh ca mnh . Khng c s kim sot cht ch nhn thc c ng cong kinh nghim v v tr kinh t, Chia s quyn s hu c th dn n xung t trong vic kim sot, iu hnh doanh nghip nu mc tiu ca cc bn khc nhau hay thay i.

F, S hu ton b cng ty con. Green field (ci ny a chu ko bit dch th no =)) Cng ty t xy dng cng ty con. Hnh thc ny c th tt hn khi cng ty m mun mun chuyn giao nng lc t chc, k nng, thi quen, vn ha. Merger & Acquisition : Mua li v sp nhp Mua li mt cng ty tn ti . Hnh thc ny c th tt hn khi cc i th ton cu quan tm n vic m rng chi nhnh. + Li ch : Gim nguy c mt kim sot nng lc ct li. Kim sot cht ch hot ng quc gia khc nhau l cn thit t c chin lc ton cu. C th t c ng cong kinh nghim v v tr kinh t. + Kh khn : Chu ton b chi ph ri ro thit lp hot ng nc ngoi.

11, 4 c ch hp tc gia cc n v trong DN KDQT.

6. C ch 1 : tip xc , lin lc trc tip : Cc c nhn c s giao tip trao i thng tin qua li vi nhau 7. C ch 2 : u mi thng tin lin h : Mi n v s c ra 1 c nhn lm u mi thng tin, lin h trong hot ng hp tc vi cc n v khc. 8. C ch 3 : Trao i thng tin, hp tc qua thit lp 1 nhm thc hin h kinh doanh : mi phng ban, n v, chi nhnh, c 1 hoc 1 vi c nhn tham gia vo nhm d n thc hin 1 hoc 1 s h kdoanh ca DN. Nhm d n t ng gii tn khi d n v ni dung d n hon thnh. 9. C ch 4 : Phng thc hp tc theo ma trn : l c ch phc tp v kh nht trong 4 c ch Ngoi 4 phng thc c ch hp tc chnh thng ny ra, ta cn c thm 1 phng thc KHNG chnh thng : Cc c nhn, nh qun l tin hnh giao tip , trao i thng tin da trn quan h c nhn. + Li ca PTKCT : Tit kim Thi gian, chi ph, d gii quyt xung t tnh cht c nhn. m bo tnh cng bng cho mi thnh vin t chc ^^ + Kh ca PTKCT : ng t quan h kh s dng phng thc ny !

TI LIU B SUNG :

MultiDomestic Dc Phn quyn

International

Global

Transnational quyt Nhng nghim, kin kinh pht

Nng lc ct Cc

li tp trung nh tp trung thc, tr s, cc hot tr s chnh ng cn li phn quyn

minh s c tp trung ti 1 vi ni iu kin tt, hot ng sn xut c n v phn quyn cho cc

Ngang

Khu vc a l

Dng SP ton M hnh dng Ma trn lin h cu SP ton cu Nhiu , hp tc vi nhau Rt nhiu

Hp tc

Ko

It

Bonus : THI CUI K KDQT k 1 nm 3 K49 ca Si :

1) Nu V d cho cc c trng ca ton cu ha 2) Em l 1 cty xut da ng hp . Cty em mun gia nhp th trng nc ngoi, em hy tr li nhng cu hi sau v c gii thch : Chn th trng no ? Phng thc thm nhp ? M hnh t chc ?

Chin lc kinh doanh ?

Kinh nghim lm bi CK ca thy Ninh rt ra l : + Vi phng thc thm nhp, v hnh ( nh xu cng c ), khi gii thch c thm 1-2 tn cty ang lm ci ! V d : chn nhng quyn TM th sau khi blah blah blah . Kt li l ging nh KFC hay ThaiExpress :D Gii thch ngn gn im cng cao. + Vi chn Th Trng K GII THCH THEO KIU : chn th trng n i v da l thuc nhit i nn xut sang n i- ni thiu da ! ( ci ny bn ca Si lm th v im kh cao ). Khi GII THCH TH TRNG bn chn, hy bm vo li thuyt : 3

bc la chn th trng, 2 k thut phn tch th trng

V d : Chn Brazil ( quan trng l gii thik cho thuyt phc cn BRAZIL ch coi l TN GI THI NH ) Ti sao la chn : V nhn ra d c c hi kinh doanh : ni c nhu cu da cao, s sn c ca ngun lc lao ng gi r, nh nc khng c cm k v nhp khu da v mi trng kinh doanh kh ph hp. Ngi tiu dng ti thch cc SP ng hp t da ti, ngun vn cty hin nay l ln nn c kh nng xut sang th trng Brazil. Th trng em li c hi nhiu , ri ro t. Bn cnh , CTY c gi tr ct li v b quyt lm da ring bit v kh bt chic, nht l nhng DN da bn Brazil th cng khng lm c v n s dng nhng nguyn liu ca ring VIt Nam =>> Chn Brazil ! + Vi chn M Hnh t chc , k phi l my ci m hnh t chc quyt nh dc ngang ( cin y l ni b t chc thi ) m phi l nhng m hnh :
M hnh t chc theo n v KDQT MH t chc theo dng sn phm ton cu : MH t chc theo khu vc a l ton cu MH t chc theo ma trn CHC CC BN THI TT !