H v tn: CHU TH H MY

Lp: D3A

BO CO THC HNH HA DC
Bi 2: KIM NGHIM NATRI CLORID DC DNG Mc tiu - Nm vng nguyn tc cc phn ng nh tnh ng dng trong kim nghim NaCl. - Hiu c khi nim v th tinh khit, cc gii hn tp cht. - Nm vng phng php o Ag nh lng. Cng thc: NaCl Ptl: 58,44 I. Tnh cht: Bt kt tinh mu trng, khng mi, v mn. tan: Rt d tan trong nc,t tan trong ethanol 960, hu nh khng tan trong cc dung mi hu c. II. nh tnh: Ion Cl-: kt tu AgCl mu trng xm vi ion Ag+; ta tan trong amoniac. Tin hnh Hin tng Kt lun -Ly 4ml dung dch th vo xut hin ta trng xm, vn C mt ion Clng nghim, thm 0,2ml HNO3 10% v 0,5ml AgNO3 5% -Lc ly ta, ra bng nc ta tan ht ct, thm 1ml amoniac c, ta s tan ht.

III. Th tinh khit: Tin hnh mt s php th sau: Pha dung dch S (d.d.S): 20,0g natri clorid th pha trong bnh nh mc 100ml khng c CO2 thnh 100ml, dng d.d.S tin hnh cc php th sau: STT Tin hnh php th Hin tng Kt lun v gii thch 1 trong: d.d.S v mu sc dung dch: a. trong d.d.S trong sut t yu cu b. Mu sc d.d.S khng mu t yu cu 2 acid-kim: Xanh bromothymol Ly 20ml d.d.S vo mt ng chuyn t mu vng

nghim, thm 0,1ml ch th bromothymol, trn u. Dung dch thu c phi chuyn mu khi dng khng qu 0,5ml HCl 0,01M 0,5ml NaOH 0,01M

sang xanh l pH=9

d.d mu xanh d.d mu vng

t yu cu

Nirtrit (NO2-): ly 10ml d.d.S, thm 10ml nc. o hp thu ca dung dch thu c bc sng 354nm. Gi tr mt quang o c Sulfat (SO42-): ly 7,5ml d.d.S, pha long bng nc thnh 30ml. Ly 15ml dung dch thu c lm th. Tin hnh th gii hn tp sulfat nh sau: Chn 2 ng nghim qui cch theo qui nh; 1 lm i chiu, ng kia lm ng th. Tin hnh ng thi 2 ng. +ng th: Ly 15ml dung dch th cho vo hn hp chun b trc gm 1ml BaCl2 25%; 1,5ml dung dch mu sulfat 10ppm v 0,5ml acid acetic 5M, trn u, yn 10 pht. So snh c vi ng i chiu sulfat. +ng i chiu: Tin hnh tng t, nhng thay 15ml dung dch th bng 15ml dung dch mu sulfat 10ppm.

D1=0,0060 D2=0,0017 DTB=0,00385 ng i chiu c hn ng th

t yu cu

Ba2+ + SO42BaSO4 t yu cu. Cho 1,5ml dung dch mu th sulfat to mm kt tinh, nu trong dung dch c BaSO4 th s to ra kt ta nhanh. Cho acid acetic vo to mi trng hn ch s kt ta ca BaCO3 nu c. (BaCO3 kt ta th BaSO4 khng c to thnh gy sai s ln cho kt qu). Nu khng c acid acetic c th s dng acid khc nh H2SO4, HCl.

Bari (Ba2+): ly vo ng nghim c ca ng Ba2+ + SO421: 5ml d.d.S,thm 5ml H2O v nghim 1 thp hn BaSO4 2ml H2SO4 10% trn u. Sau 15 c ca ng nghim 2. t yu cu. pht c ca hn hp thu c khng m hn hn hp gm 5ml d.d.S v 7ml H2O.(ng nghim 2) 7 Magnesi v Calci (Mg2+ v Dung dch vn trong Mg++ + Na2HPO4 + Ca2+): Hai ion ny lun cng tn NH4OH ti, khng tch ring, tin hnh MgNH4PO4 + th kp bng 2 thuc th amoni 2Na+ + H2O oxalat v dinatriphosphat trong cng ng nghim. Tin hnh th: Ly 20ml dung Ca++ + dch NaCl 1% vo ng nghim; (NH4)2C2O4 thm 2ml amoniac 10%, 2ml CaC2O4 + 2NH4+ amoni oxalat 2,5% v 2ml t yu cu. diphosphat 4% trn u, sau 5 pht dung dch vn trong Kt lun: Vy mu natri cloride em th l tinh khit. IV. nh lng: Bng phng php o bc, ch th kalicromat (K2CrO4) pH mi trng nh lng: trung tnh Tin hnh:cn chnh xc khong 0,12g natri clorid th cho vo bnh nn dung tch 100ml v ha tan bng 30ml nc ct. Thm 0,5ml dung dch kalicromat 5%. Chun bng AgNO3 0,1M n khi hn hp xut hin mu hng nht ng u. 1ml AgNO3 0,1M tng ng 5,844mg NaCl. Hm lng NaCl phi t 99,0100,5% trong pha ch th. 6

Kt qu: Khi lng NaCl cn c: mo= 0,1201g Th tch AgNO3 dng: VAgNO3= 20,2ml Bng phng php o bc vi ch th kalicromat: AgNO3 + Cl- AgCl + NO3-

Khi ht Cl-, ion Ag+ s to mu vi ion CrO4-, bo im kt thc . 2Ag+ + CrO4- Ag2CrO4 (mu ) VAgNO3 Hm lng NaCl trong mu th: H= 98,2921% Kt lun: Hm lng NaCl trong pha ch th nm ngoi khong 99,0-100,5% Khng t yu cu.