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ALEXANDRIA DIVISION
NUEVOLUTION A/S and PETER BIRK RASMUSSEN
ALEXANDRIA. VIRGINIA
Plaintiffs,
(CM (706
HENRIK PEDERSEN and JURY TRIAL DEMANDED
COMPLAINT
Plaintiffs Nuevolution A/S ("Nuevolution") and Peter Birk Rasmussen (Dr. Rasmussen),
for their Complaint against defendants Henrik Pedersen ("Dr. Pedersen") and Chemgene Holding
ApS ("Chemgene") by and through their respective undersigned attorneys, allege as follows:
NATURE OF ACTION
1.
This is a civil action arising under the patent laws of the United States,
particularly 35 U.S.C. 256 for the correction of inventorship of U.S. Patent No. 8,168,381 ("the
'381 patent") and Application Serial Nos. 13/442,236 ("the '236 application"), 14/067,789 ("the '789 application"), and 14/230,896 ("the '896 application) (collectively "the U.S. patents-insuit"), and Virginia state claims for conversion and unjust enrichment based on Dr. Pedersen's illegal misappropriation of intellectual property rightfully belonging to Nuevolution. 2. The U.S. patents-in-suit claim priority from PCT/DK2005/000747 (published as
WO 2006/053571 "the PCT application") which, in turn, claims priority from DK 2004/0001809
("the Danish priority application"). The PCT application also formed the basis for EP 1828381,
which was issued by the European Patent Office, and validated in Denmark, Sweden, Germany,
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Ireland, France, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. These patents and applications are
collectively referredto as "the Patent Family."
3.
Dr. Pedersen was the highest-ranking science officer ofNuevolution during the
4.
During the course of his employment, Dr. Pedersen developed certain intellectual
5.
Dr. Pedersen sought to avoid his duty, underboth contract and Danish law, to
assign this intellectual property to Nuevolution by engaging in a systematic pattern ofdeceit whereby he caused Dr. Rasmussen to be named as the sole inventor ofthe Patent Family so that
Dr. Rasmussen could, in turn, assign the Patent Family to Dr. Pedersen and his company,
Chemgene.
6.
Nuevolution.
Defendants have thereby illegally gained at the direct and significant detriment of
7.
This action is thus necessary to correct the inventorship of the U.S. patents-in-
suit, because Nuevolution isentitled to full, undivided ownership of the U.S. patents-in-suit, and
because Nuevolution has no choice but to seekto prevent further harm at the hands of the
Defendants and recompense for Defendants' past conduct. Dr. Rasmussen isjoining in this
lawsuit because he now acknowledges that he is not the inventor ofthe Danish priority application or any member of the Patent Family. Dr. Rasmussen's reputation and standing within the scientific community has been, and will continue to be, harmed by him being listed as the named inventor on the U.S. patents-in-suit. Accordingly, correction of inventorship of the
U.S. patents-in-suit is necessary to mitigate and ameliorate the harm that has been caused to his
THE PARTIES
8.
principal place of business at R0nnegade 8,2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. 9. Nuevolution is engaged in the development of methods for the creation and use of
10.
Upon information and belief, Defendant Dr. Pedersen is a Danish citizen residing
11.
Upon information and belief, Defendant Chemgene is a business formed under the
13.
doctorate degree in the field of molecular biology. In the following factual allegations, Dr.
Rasmussen pleads paragraphs 18-21 and 61-83 upon information and belief.
JURISDICTION AND VENUE
14.
seq.
This action arises under the Patent Laws of the United States, 35 U.S.C. 1et
15.
16.
Defendants are subject to the personal jurisdiction of this Court for the claims
17.
Defendants are subject to personal jurisdiction in this court pursuant to 35 U.S.C. 293 and the events and omissions giving rise to this action occurred partially in thisjudicial district.
SUBSTANTIVE FACTS
Dr. Pedersen Devises A Scheme To Obtain Patents For Certain Inventions That Rightfully
Belong To Nuevolution.
18.
founded in 2001. It has developed a patent-protected hybrid approach of wet chemistry and
molecular biology which permits the rapid synthesis, screening and DNA-tagging of hundreds of
millions of chemically diverse small molecules. This process permits medical research teams
Noerregaard-Madsen and Alex Haahr Gouliaev). Dr. Pedersen was Nuevolution's Chief
Scientific Officer (CSO) at the time his employment was terminated in 2006. Dr. Pedersen was
20.
onset of his employment with the company. Pursuant to the terms of this agreement, and Danish
law, Dr. Pedersen was obligated to assign to Nuevolution inventions that hedeveloped or was otherwise involved in during his employment at Nuevolution in his field of work. Accordingly, Dr. Pedersen was obligated to assign any patent that he was involved in obtaining during his
employment at Nuevolution. Dr. Pedersen's employment agreement further imposed on him
certain duties of loyalty to Nuevolution and prohibited any unauthorized engagement in outside
business endeavors within the scope of Nuevolution's business.
21.
Dr. Pedersen wished to patent certain new ideas that he had conceived during his
employment at Nuevolution and thereafter form a new company to monetize the patents. Dr.
Pedersen could not claim rights to such patents as an inventor because of his continuing duties of
assignment to Nuevolution.
22.
Nuevolution, Dr. Pedersen devised a plan whereby he would guide a substitute in"reconceiving"
his invention. The substitute would then be named as the inventor in a patent application and not subject to a duty of assignment to Nuevolution. Thereafter, the substitute would assign the
patent application to Dr. Pedersen free of any obligation to Nuevolution.
23.
Dr. Pedersen and Dr. Rasmussen had been friends for many years. Their
relationship began at Odense University in theearly-to-mid 1990's, where theyboth studied for
and obtained PhDs in biology. They also worked together in the same laboratory.
24. In late 2003, Dr. Pedersen approached Dr. Rasmussen and told him that he had an
idea which could form the basis of a patent and thereby become the foundation of a new
company. Dr. Pedersen made it clear to Dr. Rasmussen that he had already conceived the
invention. But he needed Dr. Rasmussen's assistance because if Dr. Pedersen was named as an
inventor on a patent application, he would be under an obligation to assign his patent rights to
Nuevolution.
25.
Dr. Rasmussen was initially reluctant to participate in any such project, but Dr.
Pedersen assured Dr. Rasmussen that he had spoken to a lawyer about the process and that the lawyer had advised him that the contemplated process was legitimate and that if any problems
would arise, Dr. Pedersen and not Dr. Rasmussen would be responsible.
26.
At the time, and based on his experience with Danish companies, Dr. Rasmussen
understood that companies regularly attributed inventorship generously, much in the same way that authorship is attributed to authors of scientific articles, i.e. without being critical to the exact
intellectual contribution provided byeach employee, but rather including all employees involved
in the process. Based on these considerations, Dr. Rasmussen agreed to participate in the
project.
27.
Under Dr. Pedersen's proposed plan, Dr. Pedersen would coach Dr. Rasmussen in
such a manner that Dr. Rasmussen could "reconceive" Dr. Pedersen's invention. Dr. Pedersen
advised Dr. Rasmussen that by doing so, Dr. Rasmussen could be named as the inventor of a
patent application. Dr. Rasmussen would then assign theapplication, as well as any rights in
follow-on applications, to Dr. Pedersen, so that Dr. Pedersen could use them as desired in
28.
Dr. Rasmussen verbally consented to this plan, also agreeing that he would
transfer to Dr. Pedersen the right to any future patent applications, including the right to
elaborate on the Danish priority application with a PCT application, which could form the basis
for applications in numerous jurisdictions.
Dr. Pedersen Provides Dr. Rasmussen With References And Guides Dr. Rasmussen So
That He Can Identify Dr. Pedersen's Invention.
29.
After Dr. Rasmussen verbally consented to Dr. Pedersen's plan, Dr. Pedersen
explained to Dr. Rasmussen that his invention involved a method that Dr. Rasmussen could
"reconceive" by combining the ideas described in two references, Walder (1979) and Lerner
(1996). Dr. Pedersen provided Dr. Rasmussen these references. 30. Dr. Pedersen provided Dr. Rasmussen with a detailed account of both Lerner and
Walder. He explained to Dr. Rasmussen that Walder relates to a templated method for the
synthesis of peptides, and that Lerner relates to a chemical synthesis method for the non-
templated production of libraries of oligomers and polymers, with a focus on peptides. Dr.
Pedersen further explained that his invention involved a system where small molecules could be synthesized and where the molecules could be amplified.
31. Dr. Rasmussen, based on Dr. Pedersen's introduction of the references,
understood that the core of the invention to be patented involved: (1) making certain
modifications to the splitand mix synthesis and the template directed synthesis described in
Lerner and Walder, and (2) combining these modified processes to create one combined method
for increasing the efficiency and screening of small molecule chemical libraries . Both of these
ideas were conceived by Dr. Pedersen, and not Dr. Rasmussen.
32.
33.
Shortly thereafter, Dr. Pedersen and Dr. Rasmussen met at Dr. Rasmussen's
apartment in Frederiksberg, Denmark to discuss the references so that Dr. Rasmussen could attempt to identify Dr. Pedersen's invention.
34.
Based on the significant guidance that Dr. Rasmussen received from Dr. Pedersen
and in a trial-and-error process, Dr. Pedersen guided Dr. Rasmussen towards his invention.
35.
Within a short period of time, their dialogue resulted in Dr. Rasmussen suggesting
that Dr. Pedersen's invention regarded a method with two consecutive steps: the first being a
non-templated split and mix synthesis of small molecules, so that the resulting small molecules
were furnished with individual DNA tags; and the second step being a templated process where the "DNA tagged" small molecules from the first step were further synthesized by use of DNA
templates.
36.
consecutive combination of Lerner and Walder in the form that these references had been
introduced to him by Dr. Pedersen.
37.
At that time, Dr. Rasmussen had only a superficial, theoretical knowledge, and no
practical experience, with these techniques. Accordingly, Dr. Rasmussen's formulation and
understanding of Dr. Pedersen's invention at the time was limited to the above account. In
particular, Dr. Rasmussen had no knowledge ofhow Dr. Pedersen's invention might be exploited
in practice, including how Lerner and Walder should be modified from an operational
perspective.
38.
39.
detail, making it clear to Dr. Rasmussen that he had already formed an operational concept of the
invention prior to their discussion regarding Lerner and Walder.
40.
Prior to Dr. Rasmussen's discussions with Dr. Pedersen regarding the subject
matter of the Patent Family, his biological technical expertise focused on the development of
vaccines. Dr. Rasmussen's expertise and work did not involve or focus on chemical
technologies, such as templated and non-templated methods for the synthesis of libraries of small
molecules.
41.
and Lerner references, and his introduction regarding the use oftemplated and non-templated
methods for the synthesis of libraries of small molecules, Dr. Rasmussen had notsearched,
analyzed or had any particular motivation for innovating in the specific technological area
involved in the Patent Family.
Dr. Pedersen Directs The Drafting Of The Danish Priority And PCT Applications.
42.
Dr. Pedersen and Dr. Rasmussen met frequently and exchanged e-mails for a
period of approximately three to six months during mid-to-late 2004, during which time they
drafted the Danish priority application. At all times during this period, Dr. Pedersen directed the
drafting of the Danish priority application.
43.
Dr. Pedersen provided all of the subject matter necessary to effectuate the
combination of Lerner and Walder described above. This included Dr. Pedersen's provision of various modifications to the references, including those which are referred to in the specification
of the Danish priorityapplication and shown in Figures 1 and 2.
44. Dr. Pedersen told Dr. Rasmussen that the modifications of Walder and Lerner and
the content of the examples and figures of the Danish priority application came from published
material, including published patent applications, and that anyone was free to use this material.
Dr. Rasmussen did not know at the time, nor does he know today, the sourceof this material or
the modifications to Walder and Lerner that allowed these references to be operationally
combined into a new method.
45.
46.
Dr. Rasmussen prepared an early first draft of the Danish priority application in
the fall of 2004 under instructions and guidance from Dr. Pedersen and based on the explanation
that Dr. Rasmussen had received from Dr. Pedersen.
47.
Dr. Pedersen added a substantial amount of subject matter to this draft. Dr.
Pedersen and Dr. Rasmussen jointly drafted theclaims contained in the Danish priority
application, although Dr. Pedersen took the lead in this process.
48.
49.
On November 22,2004, Dr. Rasmussen filed the Danish priority application. The
agreement, formalizing theirearlier verbal agreement, pursuant to which Dr. Rasmussen agreed to assign to Dr. Pedersen full title and ownership of the Danish priority application and all
subsequent patent applications related thereto.
51.
After the filing of the Danish priority application, Dr. Pedersen began drafting the
PCT application with the assistance of European patent counsel, particularly European Patent
Attorney Lars Hallander from Ploughman & Vingtoft A/S patent bureau.
52.
Dr. Rasmussen did not contribute in any substantive way to the preparation of the
PCT application.
53.
expressed concern thatDr. Pedersen had unreasonably expanded the scope of the PCT application well beyond the Danish priority application and thatthis heightened the chance that
Dr. Pedersen's role would be revealed and found impermissible. Dr. Rasmussen felt that Dr.
Pedersen had exploited their arrangement and asked Dr. Pedersen to remove this additional
material.
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54.
elements to which Dr. Rasmussen objected, though Dr. Rasmussen's reservations remained.
55.
Dr. Pedersen proceeded to file the PCT application over Dr. Rasmussen's
56.
57.
including at the European Patent Office and in the United States, without Dr. Rasmussen's
substantive involvement. These efforts resulted in the current stateof the Patent Family, each
member of which currently lists Dr. Rasmussen as the sole inventor.
58.
Number 11/719,846 ("the '846 application," which eventually issued as the '381 patent) on April
29,2009.
59.
Dr. Rasmussen does not believe that he is the inventor of the invention covered by
the Danish priority application or the inventions covered by the remainder of the Patent Family.
He believes that Dr. Pedersen is the inventor of these inventions.
60.
came to the attention of Nuevolution that Dr. Rasmussen had filed a patent application directed
to methods within Nuevolution's technological field. Nuevolution also learned that Dr. Pedersen
and Dr. Rasmussen were personal friends, and that Dr. Pedersen had been involved in preparing
the patent application naming Dr. Rasmussen as an inventor.
61.
Rasmussen was indeed the sole inventor of the claimed subject matter, and that Dr. Pedersen's
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contributions had merely consisted of furnishing Dr. Rasmussen with material from the public
domain. Dr. Pedersen knew that, in truth, he was the sole inventor of the claimed subject matter.
62.
Faced with the prospect that patents outside of Nuevolution's control could pose a
63.
The result of the negotiations was a 2007 agreement ("the '07 agreement"), by
which Nuevolution was granted a license from Chemgene. Nuevolution further agreed not to
contest the inventorship of the Danish priority and PCT applications and provided Pedersen with
financial compensation of DKK 900,000.00.
64.
Dr. Pedersen that Dr. Rasmussen had in fact independently conceived of the subject matter of the
Patent Family and thus Dr. Pedersen was not underan obligation to assign the patents to
Nuevolution.
65.
such an agreement.
66.
Nuevolution did not know thereal facts surrounding the inventorship of the Patent
67.
The '07 agreement is null and void due to Dr. Pedersen's fraudulent
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Nuevolution Learns The Truth As To The True Inventor Of The Patent Family.
68.
In June 2011, Dr. Pedersen and/or Chemgene filed additional claims for the '856
application with the USPTO. In September 2011, the USPTO rejected these new claims. In
November 2011, Dr. Pedersen and/or Chemgene removed the new claims from the '856
application.
69.
In late March or early April of 2012, Nuevolution became aware that the issuance
of the '856 application was approaching and thus the window to file a continuation application
claiming benefit of the '856 application was imminently about to expire.
70. Nuevolution approached Dr. Pedersen and inquired whether he intended to file a
71.
72.
73.
a breach of the '07 agreement and that the '07 agreement was thereby revoked.
74. Defendants also demanded additional terms and financial compensation and
threatened to seek an injunction prohibiting Nuevolution from practicing the claimed subject
matter of the Patent Family.
75. In response to this demand, Nuevolution offered that Dr. Pedersen could take over
the continuation himself, or permit Nuevolution to continue prosecution of the application in accordance with his prior consent and the '07 agreement. Dr. Pedersen refused both options.
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76.
compensation was unacceptable, Dr. Pedersen informed Nuevolution that he was no longer
willing to negotiate.
77.
78.
79.
patent rights.
Nuevolution caused to be filed the '896 application in order to protect its potential
80.
disclosures by Dr. Rasmussen - claiming, inter alia, thatin accordance with ordinary Danish law as well as Dr. Pedersen's employment contract with Nuevolution, Nuevolution is the rightful
owner of the Patent Family.
81.
82.
It was through these discussions that Nuevolution learned the facts alleged in
paragraphs 21 through 60 above, including that Dr. Pedersen, not Dr. Rasmussen, was the sole
priority application or any member of the Patent Family. Dr. Rasmussen believes that Dr.
Pedersen is the sole inventorof the inventions coveredby the Danish priority application and the
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remainder of the Patent Family. Dr. Rasmussen is instituting these legal proceedings to mitigate
and ameliorate the damage to his reputation that has been caused by him being listed as the
inventor on the patents covered by the Patent Family.
84.
Nuevolution brings the present action to correct the inventorship and take
ownership of the U.S. patents-in-suit, as well as seek remedies for the multitude of harms inflicted on Nuevolution by Defendants' willful misconduct.
COUNTI
85.
herein.
Plaintiffs repeat and reiterate the allegations as set forth above as if setforth fully
86.
Dr. Pedersen alone conceived of the subject matter described and claimed in the
U.S. patents-in-suit.
87.
Dr. Rasmussen did not independently conceive of the subject matter described
88.
The inventorship of the '381 patent and '236, '789, and '896 applications must be
corrected pursuant to 35 U.S.C. 256 to substitute Dr. Pedersen for Dr. Rasmussen as the sole
inventor.
COUNT II
Nuevolution repeats and reiterates the allegations as set forth above as if set forth
90.
Pursuant to both the Danish Inventor's Act and his employment contract, at the
time of hisconception of the subject matter of the Patent Family, Dr. Pedersen was under an
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obligation to assign inventions in his field of work to Nuevolution. Thus, Nuevolution is entitled
91.
Nuevolution by, inter alia, causing Dr. Rasmussen to be named as the sole inventor of the Patent
Family and assign his rights in the Patent Family to Dr. Pedersen and, thereafter, Dr. Pedersen's
assignment of rights in the same to Chemgene.
92.
of the U.S. patents-in-suit, particularly its ability to freely operate within the scope of the U.S.
patents-in-suit and monetize the same.
93.
by at leastdepriving Nuevolution of the right to direct prosecution of the U.S. patents-in-suit, by jeopardizing the validity and enforceability of the U.S. patents-in-suit, by preventing
Nuevolution from monetizing its rights, and by causing Nuevolution to treat with Defendants and
Nuevolution repeats and reiterates the allegations as set forth above as if set forth
95.
property.
96.
agreement and continues to monetarily benefit from avoidance of his obligation to assign the
U.S. patents-in-suit to Nuevolution.
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97.
Chemgene has benefited from its ownership of the intellectual property rightfully
belonging to Nuevolution.
98.
has been denied its rightful ownership, and accompanying plentiful benefits, of the U.S. patentsin-suit whose subjectmatter was developed by Dr. Pedersen during a time when he was under a
duty to assign these ideas, inventions and any patent rights to Nuevolution. The validity and
enforceability of the patents stemming from Dr. Pedersen's misappropriation of its intellectual property have also been threatened. Furthermore, Nuevolution's freedom to operate has been
placed into question by Dr. Pedersen and Chemgene without any merit. Nuevolution has been
forced, while acting in its corporate interests, to pay Dr. Pedersen and/orChemgene a significant
monetary sum. Due to Dr. Pedersen's systematic, demonstrably false statements and
misrepresentations, Nuevolution has incurred various legal and extra-legal expenses related to
the U.S. patents-in-suit.
99.
misappropriate Nuevolution's intellectual property for his and Chemgene's direct benefit.
100. Therefore, equity strongly demands that Nuevolution be made whole for the
i.
Pedersen for the presently named inventor of U.S. Patent No. 8,168,381;
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ii.
Pedersen for the presently named inventor of Application Serial No. 13/442,236;
iii.
Pedersen for the presently named inventor of Application Serial No. 14/067,789;
iv.
Pedersen for the presently named inventor of Application Serial No. 14/230,896;
v.
A declaration that Nuevolution is the sole and complete owner of the '381 patent
and '236, '789 and '896 applications, and any subsequent applications in the United States;
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
Any andall other and further monetary or equitable reliefas this Court deems just
and proper under the patent laws of the United States and the laws of the Commonwealth of
Virginia.
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Respectfully submitted:
^/^^
Sara E. Kropf (Va. Bar No. 84931) Law Office of Sara Kropf PLLC
1001 G Street, NW
Suite 800
Ridiard L. Beizer (Va. ar No. 02646) Crowell & Moring L.L 1001 Pennsylvania Ave. NW Washington, DC 20004 (202) 624-2500
Counsel to Peter Birk Rasmussen
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