New First Main and Second Main Protection The First Main Protection will be different on parallel lines

(future lines possibility considered) where a high speed radio communication link or optic fibre link is available (case 1) compared to station where only PLC can be used (case 2 below) as communication device and/or where only a single line is to be protected. Case 1 Current Differential Protection as First Main Protection First Main Protection A fully equipped line current differential protection equipped for radio or optic fibre link communication between the two line ends with the following additional functions: Power swing detection Fault locator Disturbance event recorder Earth fault over-current protection Auto reclose functionality Synch check /synchronising function Circuit-Breaker failure protection Functions for correct operations in series compensated grids Possibility to communicate with a dispatch centre and a PC via modem. Tripping time t < 20 ms Over-current protection Current reversal logic The protection must cover phase to phase and phase to earth fault down to 20 % of the rated current Weak end in-feed logic Communication facilities Case 2 - Distance Impedance based Protection as First Main Protection First Main Protection A six scheme distance protection with the following additional functions: Power swing detection Fault locator Disturbance recorder Earth fault over-current protection Auto reclose Breaker failure protection Functions for correct operations in series compensated grids Possibility to communicate with a dispatch centre and a PC via modem. Tripping time t < 20 ms Over-current protection Current reversal logic The protection must cover phase to phase and phase to earth fault down to 20 % of the rated current Weak end in-feed logic Communication facilities

Second Main Protection

Case 1: A basic six scheme distance protection as First Main above, but without additional functions. Case 2: As for Case 1, but the Second Main relay must have a type of characteristic different from First Main. 6.11 BYPASS TRIP/BUS-COUPLER If a transmission line feeder circuit-breaker is bypassed, it should be possible to use the bus-coupler circuit-breaker for protection operation of the line. In this case all protection operation signals are automatically transferred to the bus-coupler circuit breaker. Bypassed line is connected to one of the busbars, and all other lines are connected to the other busbar. It should only be possible (via inter-locking) to bypass the line feeder circuit breaker if these requirements are fulfilled. 6.12 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION

The transformer protection shall include a current differential protection relay equipped with overcurrent stabilising for external faults and insensitive to in-rush currents. This is considered first main transformer protection. HV and LV restricted earth fault protection relay which may be integrated with the differential protection. Neutral point earth fault protection shall be second harmonic restrained. The following transformer protection signals shall be integrated in the protection and alarm system: Abnormal oil level signals with at least two low-oil level alarm contacts. Buchholz, gas discharge operated signals (both for the transformer and the tapchanger). The protection will have two output contacts, one for alarm and one for tripping. Over-temperature signals for winding hot spot and top oil. Two sets of alarm/trip contact adjustable to close at any temperature between 60C and 140C.

6.12.1 330/220 kV and 330/132-88 kV Transformers The transformer protection shall be split in two independent protection schemes: The main protection includes: Differential protection, two or three winding. Internal vector group adaptation Time over-current protection Restricted earth fault protection Earth fault current protection Over and under voltage protection Neutral voltage function Circuit-Breaker Failure Protection Fault event recorder Communication facilities

Circulating current protection between parallel transformers has to be included in the voltage regulator. The back-up protection: A stand-alone protection scheme including over-current protection. 6.13 TRANSFORMER AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR (AVR)

6.13.1 330/132-88/11 kV and 330/132-88/33 kV Transformers The Automatic Voltage Regulators shall be installed for each main 330 kV transformer. It shall be possible to operate the AVR equipment in the following ways: Local on the equipment Remote in the station control room Remote in NCC, Lusaka

The AVR shall include: Voltage regulation with raise/ lower command to the tap-changer. Blocking possibility for over-current and low voltage. Compensation possibility for Z and R-X compensation. Supervise the circulating current between parallel transformers. Communication facilities Each AVR shall be able to operate either as master or slave [normally one AVR master and two AVR slaves]

The two (or three) AVRs shall be operated as one scheme, when all transformers are in parallel, in a master and slaves fashion. The scheme shall be such that the AVRA of any transformer operating independently shall function as such. If any two or all three in transformers are in parallel, the scheme shall function accordingly. The scheme shall have electrical interlocks with 330 kV and 132-88 kV bus coupler switch gear. The AVRs shall be installed in the control panels as appropriate to facilitate connectivity and operations. The scheme shall be able to automatically change-over VT supplies in the event of failure of normal supply, to any of the other available VTs. Manual change-over of VT supplies to AVRs shall be possible from Control Room by operator. The failure of any one VT supplies shall be accompanied by an alarm in the control room. AVRs shall be suitable to control the regulated voltage of transformers with different impedances and different tap sizes and tapping ranges, should the need for same arise. It is to be noted the transformers to be controlled are three winding transformers with auxiliary power being taped off the tertiary windings. 6.14 BUSBAR PROTECTION

The busbar protection shall consist of two zones (same number as numbers of busbars). To select the appropriate measuring circuit the repeater relays for thedisconnector/s have to be used. The protectionscheme should provide for both a busbar and check zone. Both zones have to operate to initiate/effect tripping of a zone. Circuit-breaker failure protection should be incorporated in the First Main Protection. It is proposed to use the busbar protection for tripping of the circuit breaker. This system will simplify the trip circuits for the breaker failure protection system. Cognisance is to be taken as regards the 132-88 kV busbar protection at Muzuma Substation as regards feeding existing 88 kV circuits in the interim and the potential imbalance that would result i.e. feeder current needs to be relayed to the busbar protection scheme zone from existing 88 kV CT secondary circuits through necessary modifications. 6.15 SYNCH CHECK AND SYNCHRONISING EQUIPMENT Synchronising check and synchronising equipment shall be installed on the Livingstone Kafue Town line (on both sides in future). Therefore provision (including all inputs and outputs) shall be made for this functionality at both Muzuma and Kafue Town Substation terminals. It is to be noted that the two 330 kV Line feeders provided by others at Muzuma Substation constitute the 330 kV connection point of a new Power Station 6.16 AUTO-RECLOSE SYSTEM The protection system for the Kafue Town - Livingstone 330 kV transmission line shall include an auto reclose system at Kafue Town, Muzuma and Livingstone Substations. The reclosing system shall include single phase reclosing and three phase reclosing via check synch/synchronising equipment. The auto-reclose system shall be resettable (after operating) from either the local control room or National Control Centre. The following criteria will need to be satisfied: 6.17 High speed single pole automatic reclosing (HSAR) for single phase fault trips. Delayed automatic three phase reclose (DAR) for multiphase faults and three pole trips. No synchrocheck/synchronising required for HSAR. DAR to be accompanied by synchrocheck or synchronising system

RELAY PROTECTION TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM The main 330 kV communication link shall be optic fibre. The existing PLC system associated with the Kafue Town- Victoria Falls 220 kV transmission line will be taken out of service as part of the upgrade and not returned to service . Full reliance being placed on the optic fibre link based communications. However the PLC system associated with the 88 kV line feeder to Maamba Colliery is to remain operational following the upgrade (to 132kV insulation level). Details of requirements related to PLC equipment are described in Section VI-III.

6.18

TRAINING