AR 443A: PLANNING 3: Introduction to Urban and Regional Planning Finals Handouts

3.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

You are probable aware that in some way, something is wrong with the way development is going. You may have heard about Sustainable Development or the Philippine Agenda 21. But chances are many things are not clear to you But, dont worry, we shall be guiding you to a journey towards understanding what Sustainable Development is all about. Heres the guideline

You must be willing the leave things behind like travelers. To be immersed in new ideas. Use what you will be learning to change things for better.

Historical Timeline:

WW II Post Late 1960s. 1972 UN Conference on Human Environment culture production in the gulf. Two decades after 1987, Our Common Future (WCED) 1992, UNCED The Philippines and Philippine Council for Sustainable Development

The Philippine Agenda 21?

National Agenda for Sustainable Development A milestone document done with exhaustive consultation and peoples participation. A development policy that reflects international commitments. Integrates Social Reform Agenda, Conference on Human Ecological Security, Anti-poverty Summit and the Manila International conference for the Operationalization of the Economics of Sustainable Development. Contains 3 major sections: (1) The Principles of Unity; (2) The Action Agenda; and (3) The Implementing Mechanism.

What is happening around? Current development trends in the country today :

Demographic trends Cultural trends S&T Economic trends Urbanization Human development Environmental trends Institutional trends Political trends

So, all these have been happening, does it mean development is bad? Or perhaps what we need is a better development model. And this is Sustainable Development. A development that meets the needs of today without compromising the ability of the future generation to meet their own needs. (Our Common Future)

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AR 443A: PLANNING 3: Introduction to Urban and Regional Planning Finals Handouts

Sustainable development advocates that Society as the Center of Development The Key Actors in SD

Roles in the process Government is the key factor in Polity, concerned mainly with participatory, democratic governance and in making rules to secure, equity and human rights for all citizens. Business is the key factor in Economy mainly concerned with the mutually beneficial production and distribution of goods and services to meet the physical needs of the people. Civil Society is the key factor in Culture mainly concerned with developing the social and spiritual capacities of the people in order to expand knowledge, have clearer values and to advocate public interest.

The essence of Sustainable Development is the harmonious integration of a sound and viable economy, responsible governance, social cohesion/harmony and ecological integrity to ensure that development is a life-enhancing process. So how should Eco-Industrial Development done? It should always consider: 1. Economic 2. Political 3. Cultural 4. Science and Technology 5. Ecology 6. Social 7. Institutional

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AR 443A: PLANNING 3: Introduction to Urban and Regional Planning Finals Handouts

Some of the pertinent laws, issuances and administrative orders relevant to eco-industrial development: Constitution Art. ll, Sec 16. Constitution Art. Xll, Sec 2. (The Regalian Doctrine) Constitution Art. Xll, Sec 2. Constitution Art. Xll, Sec 5. RA 6969 and DENR AO No. 29 RA 6975 (Dec. 13 , 1990) RA 7076 RA 7160, Sec. 131, 138, 149 RA 7161 RA 7586 NIPAS Act RA 7942 Philippine Mining Act of 1995 RA 8435 AFMA Law RA 8550 The Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998 Some of the pertinent laws, issuances and administrative orders relevant to eco-industrial development: Commonwealth Act 141 Public Land Act of 1936 PD 424 Creates the National Water Resources Council PD 564 (as amending PD 19s 1973) The Philippine Tourism Authority Charter PD 705 The Forestry Code of 1975 PD 825 PD 856 Sanitation Code, Chap 7, Industrial Hygiene PD 979 and 984 Marine Pollution Decree PD 1067 The Water Resources code of the Philippines PD 1151 Philippine Environmental Policy PD 1152 Philippine Environmental Code PD 1586 Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) System

Reference: Sustainable Development: A Guiding Principle Towards Eco-Industrial Development Plutomeo M. Nieves, Dean Bicol University Tabaco Campus Tabaco City

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3.a

THE PHILIPPINE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STATUS

OUTLINE
I. II. Historical Perspective of Sustainable Development (SD) Definition of SD

III. Strengthening Philippine Agenda 21 Implementation IV. Philippine Progress in SD V. Challenges and Proposed Measures VI. Rio+20 Outcomes & PHL Proposed Way Forward

A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Philippine response to the call of Earth Summit of 1992:

1.

Executive Order No. 15 (September 1, 1992) PCSD to provide mechanism for attaining principles of SD and ensure integration in the Philippine National Policies, Plans and Programs that will involve all sectors of society. Memorandum Order No. 288 (July 5, 1995) - Directing the formulation of PA 21

2.

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Philippine Agenda 21

The national translation of Agenda 21 and the countrys blueprint for sustainable development. Envisions a better life for all Filipinos and laid down the principles for the action agenda across ecosystems. Formulated through a consultative and consensus building process between the government and civil society and business sector. Stands as a collective expression of the nations agenda for sustainable development t

SD DEFINITIONS
Brundtland Report/ Our Common Future, 1987 UN Commission n Environment and Development, 1999 (Rio Summit) development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own need. Philippine Agenda SD is the harmonious integration of a sound and viable economy, responsible governance, social cohesion/ harmony and ecological integrity to ensure that development is a life-enhancing process. The ultimate aim of development is human development now and future generations.

STRENGTHENING PA 21 IMPELEMENTATIONS
1. 2. 3.

Memorandum Order No. 399 (s.1996) Directing the operationalization of the Philippine Agenda 21 and monitoring its implementation. Memorandum Order No. 47 (s.1999) Strengthening the operationalization and localization of Philippine Agenda 21 and monitoring its implementation. Operationalizing SD Principles a. Integration of SD Principles in the Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan (2011 to 2016 & 2000 to 2004), b. Alignment of PA 21/SD Strategies in local land use and development plans, c. Environmental Impact Assessment of the National Development Plan, 1999 to 2004, d. Strengthening of the Environmental Impact System (Executive Order No. 291), e. Establishment of the PEENRA System (Executive Order No. 406), f. Identification of Sustainable Development Indicators (SDIs) in the Philippines. SD Localization a. Governance for Philippine Agenda 21 (GOPA 21): sub-program on localization Establishment of local councils for SD in 9 project sites in the 2 major islands (i.e., Visayas and Mindanao) Consensus based formulation and institutionalization of Local Agenda 21 into the governance processes of 9 LGUs. b. Mainstreaming SD and PA 21 into National, Regional, and Local levels of governance. Establishment of LCSDs in Luzon to build local government capacities in integrating SD principles into development plans and programs. Project Sites: 3 Provinces (Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Aurora) and 3 Local Government Units (Boac, Marinduque; Tanya, Rizal; La Trinida, Benguet). Multilateral Environmental Agreements UN Framework Convention on Biological Diversity UN Convention to Combat Desertification (2000) UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (2003) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2006)
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4.

5.

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AR 443A: PLANNING 3: Introduction to Urban and Regional Planning Finals Handouts

PHILIPPINE PROGRESS IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

PA Limitations

Absence of analytical baseline condition All strategies and action agenda and targets do not necessarily provide the possible intervention activities The strategies do not have OVIs and risks were not assumed and identified Cannot be monitored and assessed, nor provide feedback for adjustments.

Adjusted Methodologies
1. 2.

3. 4. 5. 6.

Interventions were culled and log frame format was adopted (interventions became the first critical entries, PPPP) Linked the interventions to sustainability criterion and define desirable criterion state: a. Natural resource and environmental stock and quality, b. Efficiency of economic activity, c. Access to natural and environmental resources and the distribution of benefits, and d. Poverty eradication. Determine the level of implementation and adequacy of intervention (presence of intervention gaps/omissions). Assess the impact of interventions (movement from an undesired baseline to an improved state). Determine Ecosystem criterion scores. Validate assessment with experts.

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DESIRED GOALS/ POSSIBILITIES FOR EACH CRITERION

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All ecosystems have not reached even half f the desired sustainability level. Forest, biodiversity, mining and freshwater - most unsustainable Lowland agriculture and coastal and marine - least unsustainable Need to go back on track towards SD - address constraints in implementation.

CHALLENGES
1.

Presence of intervention omissions and gaps Slow implementation of the action agenda Lack of local awareness Local leadership Cooperation and convergence of NGAs Unfunded or limited funding.

2. 3.

Governance or Political Will

PROPOSED MEASURES
1. 2. 3. 4.

Restock, rebuild and restore the depleted natural capital. Implement a moratorium to decouple production and consumption from the resource base. Develop green technology and promote green industries. Establish and improve the governance framework Mechanisms for Good Governance a. Effective partnership b. Participatory decision making (up to bottom) c. Accountability d. Resolution of Conflicts Leadership Requirements

5.

National leadership with a passion for SD and inclusive growth Capacity to go beyond policy formulation Find solutions to policy/ implementation gaps and concrete problems Enforce much needed policies in collaboration with different partners

RIO +20 OUTCOMES

1.

Outcome document Global reaffirmation to SD SD Goals Guidelines on applying green economy policies as one of the tools in advancing SD and addressing poverty Strengthen the environmental pillar - upgrade UNEP High - level political forum Strategy for mobilizing financial resources for SD Options for accelerating technology transfer to developing countries Global Green Growth Institute Philippines one of the founding members

2.

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PROPOSED WAY FORWARD

1.

SDGs should build on competent MDGs SDGs should include increasing resilience of vulnerable groups from impacts of negative externalities Human Development Evidences-based and Quantitative Include participation of stake holders IFSD

2.

Integration in national-local development planning Capacity building for policy makers and leaders

3.

Technology Cooperation Broad access by strong cooperation and linkages of countries Assistance in developing indigenous and economically viable technologies Transition to GE GE as important rallying point for better integration of 3 pillars of SD Transition to consider common but differentiated responsibilities and respect national development objectives and capacities.

4.

R. Tungpalan 5 July 2012 Legend Hotel, Puerto Princesa City Palawan

Arch. Dennis C. de Villa November 5, 2013

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