THE EMPOWERMENT MODEL FOR PEOPLE IN NON-IRRIGATED LAND: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN WONOGIRI REGENCYINDONESIA

Akhmad Daerobi*, Waridin Waridin** and Indah Susilowati**

*Faculty of Economics. Sebelas Maret University (UNS). Central Java--Indonesia. **Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Economics and Business. Diponegoro University(UNDIP) Corresponding Author: indah-susilowati@rocketmail.com The paper is presented in International Research Conference in Higher Education (IRCHE) on October 3-4, 2013 in Manila, Philippines

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Our deep appreciation are accorded to the organizer:

Due to all of you, we are able to present our paper in here, 3 to 4 October 2013

Map of Study Area

Province: Central Java

INDONESIA

Central Java Province

Wonogiri

INTRODUCTION
Significant role: agriculture sector to the inland community (particularly in Java Island with densely population), providing: employment food supply research other utilisation Farmers still live in limitedness : economic, politic, and education One of the main things in poverty is the powerless (high dependency toward season) The changing of season, especially a longer dryseason, really influences the sum of crops (production) and distribution

Problems
Densily population supply < demand Economic preassure City development Infrastructures capacity no longer sufficient Resource management? Not sufficient!

The objective of this study

To analyze the level of empowerments community To formulate a model of empowerment for people and the relevant stakeholders to maximize utilization of their non-irrigated land in study area more independent in carrying their business on.

Materials and Method

Study Area: Wonogiri Regency in three subdistricts of (1)Pracimantoro (2)Eromoko, and (3) Giriwoyo that cultivated for paddy, cassava and corn Time survey: March July 2013 Sampling: Method: Multistages Sampling Respondents: (1) Farmers : 150 respondent (2) Key Person/ Informant : 20 samples from multidisiplin (academica, bussiness, government, and community) Materials: The empowerment concepts of Uphof (2003) and Suryana (2003) that already applied by Harry (2001), Zyl and Kriten (1997), Hongskul (2000) were adapted with necessary modification to this study. Tools of Analysis: Multivariate analysis (Hair Jr. et al.,1998) Descriptive statistics (see Mason et al., 1999; SPSS, 1996).

Portrait of Indonesian Agriculture

Wonogiri: October 2012

FINDINGS
Respondents in Wonogiri Regency (small-scale) were found relatively powerless (the intensity of empowerment are remained a far from complete) and still fragile. More than 50 % of respondents confess that they don't get loan, dont have market access of supply and demand information source, dont get technology access like explanation and assistance in self-production technique improvement

Mapping of Potential Crops

EMPOWERMENT STRATEGY
PRE-EXISTING CONDITION

STRATEGY

INPUT External Factors

PROCESS

OUTPUT OUTCOMES

Determinant factors: - Economic factor - Non Economic factors: Political, social, culture

Strategy : -Why -What -How

- Identification Analysis (SWOT)

Solution: Empowerment through - Dialogue - Development - Enhancement

Option of Empowerment Models : -Extension/ Campaign -Education/ training -Pilot project (Incubation)

Empowered Community : - Existence of People

Trial

Monitoring

Model tested

POWERLESS

EMPOWERMENT

POWERED

Source : Harry (2001) with necessary modification (Susilowati et al., 2004b)

Concluding Remarks
Target of empowerment strategy for farmers is focused on improving the respondents business for income betterment. How? Through
the following activities: - Extension - Training - Pilot project (business incubation)

Improving the role and contribution of the stakeholders, they are; government, private institution, societies, academician, LSM, KUD, which were still unable to do self actualization in their group, and the abilities to lobby people who are related with their business is very limited.

THANKS YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONS

Affect to: (1)PRODUCERS

(2)CONSUMERS
19

EMPOWERMENT IS INDEED NEEDED HERE!!!

PRODUCTION
- STABLE
- SUSTAINABLE - COST BALANCE

DISTRIBUTION
-MARKET PENETRATION
-BUSINESS EXPANSION

FOOD SECURITY

CONSUMPTION
-QUALITY -QUANTITY

-SAFETY

Indicator : Lobbying ability

(1) Whether the farmers have access to some people in local government, KUD, public figure, functionary, financial institute, entrepreneur, LSM, and university, or whether they do not have access to them; (2) Whether they have ever asking for help from the stakeholder or not. If they have ever done it, then respondents are considered has ever had an approaching or lobbying; (3) If the stakeholders agree to help them so it is an indication that the intensity of the lobby is getting more intense. (Susilowati, et al 2004,2005). Based on the evaluation, most of them having a wider relationship and their ability in lobbying is worse.

Level of Empowerment
Got Credit (yes) Market Information -Him/her self -Market mechanism -Among producers Production Technique -Ancient -Modified -Extension,book,farmer union,etc Got Extension (yes) Product Innovation -Him/her self -None Need support facilities? -No -Dont know -Loan -Other(equipment,etc) Effort put on improvement (none) Represent in forum/ got championship? Making decision by himself (without any suggestion) Ability in lobbying The role of stakeholder (Scor 1-10) Description Farmers (n=150) 46 (no access=78%) 5 5 140 111 (74%) 3 36 10 33 117 0 5 100 45 85 5 86 (57%) 18% 3,5 (worse)

Role of Stakeholders Perceived by FARMERS

5,00 4,50 4,00 3,50 3,00 2,50 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 0,00
I np ut Pro du c

n=150

Average Score

Gov ernment Business Community Academic NGO

D is I nf Ac Te Ne Ot ras he cs e chn tw o t rib rS tru o s utio r k tion s loy erv ing c tu : n M I no ice /M re Pro a r ark s ket vat ces etin /c o ion s nsu g me r

HOW TO EMPOWERING THEM??

Empowerment for farmers, perhaps through: - extension, - campaign, - training - pilot project

Priority of Strategy to Improve Level of Empowerment (AHP Output)

Credit and Loan
Means of Production Technology Investment Partnership and Collaboration among Stakeholders Non-Irigated land Agroecosystem Improving Knowledge Improving Skill (Champaign, Extension, etc) Improving Attitudes and Habit

.183
.117 .113 .110 .100 .095 .093 .073

Post-Production Technology (Processing)

Post- Harvest Technology Production Technology Role of Enterprises (KUD)

.053
.033 .016 .014

 Increasing local production through :

Ensuring the availability of quality hybrid seeds, fertilizers and plant protection chemicals Subsidy for inputs, especially seed, fertilizers, and sprayers (subsidy on seed should be continued) Training to producers on cultivation practices, IPM, fertilizers application, harvesting technology, sorting, grading, storing and marketing Support for nursery bed preparation Employment of a special expert Provide training to technician/horticulturist on improved cultivation practice, harvesting technology, post harvesting techniques, storage technology

Actuating distrbution aspect by promotion, partnership and collaboration among stakeholders. Increasing capacity building of stakeholders by improving knowlegde, skill, and good habit

FOOD SECURITY vs FOOD SAFETY:

MY FOOD, WHY SO FRAGILE & LESS SAFETY.... PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION &

CONSUMPTION

quantity, quality, diversification, safety

27