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Other; 1,188.13;
0.78%
Total value of exports: 152,097.74 m.US $
Mining;
2,173.37; 1.43% Agriculture; •Manufacturing products: 134,378.29 (88.35%)
Forestry; 32.99; Fishery; 11,852.48;
0.02% 2,472.46; 1.63% 7.79%
• Agricultural products: 11,852.48 (7.79%)
• Rice 3,467.47(29.26%)
• Tapioca 1,403.76 (11.84%)
Rubber, 5,640.05,
47.59%
28%
•Rubber production of
smallholding sector:
72%
2.17 million tons
Source: Office of Agricultural Economics, 2008
Rubber Production in Southern Thailand
Rubber Area Tapping Area Production
Province (rai) (rai) (Tons)
Chumphon 459,039 391,891 103,067
Ranong 125,625 100,859 22,053
Surat Thani 1,830,161 1,551,660 394,270
Phangnga 658,427 525,936 139,154
Phuket 101,985 93,929 26,018
Krabi 610,147 523,836 136,721
Trang 1,309,313 1,094,765 322,956
Nakhon Si Thammarat 1,400,808 1,102,911 280,535
Phatthalung 538,411 477,842 140,008
Songkhla 1,444,012 1,241,698 366,301
Satun 289,811 227,955 65,651
Pattani 294,607 246,725 64,149
Yala 1,046,438 837,858 233,762
Narathiwatt 1,004,532 888,501 249,669
Overviews of Rubber Farm Situation in Songkhla Province,
2007
Rubber area (ha.)
2,000,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
-
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• Total area: 231,041 ha
• Tapping area: 198,671 ha
• Total production: 366,301tons
• Yield: 1843.7 kg/ha
• 81,254 households
Source: 1) Office of Agricultural Economics, 2008
2) Songkhla agricultural Office, 2008
Objective of Study
• To describe the rubber smallholding
farm characteristics in terms of
agricultural system approach , with a
socio-economic perspective, in
Southern Thailand.
FarmObjective
Farm Objective FarmPhysical
Farm PhysicalCharacteristics
Characteristics
Socialand
Social andEmpowerment
EmpowermentAspect
Aspect
Farmrecommendation
Farm recommendation
FarmConstraint
Farm Constraint
andAdvantage
and Advantage
Farmachievement
achievement Farmimplementation
Farm implementation
Farm
Farm
Farm efficiency
efficiency measurement
measurement
Physical
Physicalefficiency
efficiencymeasurement
measurement Financial
Financialefficiency
efficiencymeasurement
measurement
Investment appraisal
Sensitivity analysis
17%
Rubber-fruit tree System
13% 19%
Rubber-rice System Rubber intercrop System
60 25 30
50 20 25
40 15 20
% 30 55 % 25
22 20 % 15 26
10
20 13 15 10 18 20 20
25 5
10 15 5 5 10
5 6
0 0 0
R1 R4 R6 R7 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6
System system system
Land: Total area 20.17, total farm area 14.11, rubber area 13.56 rais.
Tapping Labor: Total labor 2.06, HL 1.45 (M0.76:F0.69), SC 0.61
Farm’s achievement (M0.41:F0.20) person
Capital: Farm expenditure 25,222; rubber 17,833, other farm7,388 bath/year
•Rubber yield 250.4 kg/ria/year
Breed: RRIM600, space 3x7, 3x6, Nb.tree per rais 74
Total Income 153,100 bath/year
Chemical Fertilizer:15-15-15, Quan. 53.3 kg/ria, Freq. 1.50 time/year
Total farm income 135,600 bath/year Organic Fertilizer: Bio-fertilizer, Quan. 54.0 kg/ria, Freq. 1.4 time/year
Rubber income 135,600 bath/year Plant disease and Past: 66.7%, Stop tapping and chemical, Freq. 3.1
Other farm income - bath/year time/year
Off-farm income 17,600 bath/year Weed: 95.0%, Mechanical and chemical method, Freq. 2.5 time/year
Total Expenditure 91,500 bath/year Initial tapping age: 7.4 years Current rubber age: 16.9 years
Household Saving 73,000 bath/year Tapping system:1/3S 3d/4, 1/2S 2d/3, 1/2S 3d/4, 1/2S d/2
Household Dept 217,500 bath/year Product form at present: Latex
Benefit share ratio: 55:45
Market: Local Market
Zone III: High land (Mountain Area)
• High slop in more than 30% and normally
40% of the total rubber planting area is the
illegally area (national park, forest). Rubber
small holders have no land ownership that
affect the technology development
opportunity.
• High cost of management such as tapping,
fertilization, transportation that affect the
benefit ratio.
• Long unproductive period 6.5 years.
• Yield 1,437.5 kg./ha.
Observation: Increased disease and the land
slide due to clone, wind and land
preparation???.
Agricultural Production System of Zone III: High land or Mountain Area
Farm’s objective and goal Characteristics of Agroecozone
Income of family •High land or Mountain area
Improve living standard High in altitude: 100 – 500 m. Rainfall: 1,969 mm.
Household consumption Slop: 20 – 30 o pH: 4.5-5.5
Soil type: Loam soil, Sandy clay soil Temperature: 26.5 C
Loam soil Relative Humidity: 76%
20 13
15
10
5
6
2 2 1 1
1/3S 3d/4, 1/2S 2d/3,
0
1/2S 3d/4 and 1/2S d/2
1/3S 3d/4
1/2S 2d/3
1/2S 3d/4
1/2S d/2
1/3S 2d/3
1/3S 4d/5
1/3S 5d/6
1/3S 6d/7
1/2S 4d/5
Tapping system
200
Average tapping day per 150
142.81 138.31 140.11
116.02
136.12 144.75 140.02 135.21 141.21
1 /2 S
1 /2 S
1 /2 S
1 /3 S
1 /3 S
1 /3 S
1 /3 S
1 /2 S
3 d /4
2 d /3
3 d /4
2 d /3
4 d /5
5 d /6
6 d /7
4 d /5
d /2
Tapping system
Factors Relate to the Decision Making Selected Tapping System
Topography
Labor Situation and Farm size
Socio-economic Clone
status Condition of
decision to select
tapping system Farm practice and
Tapping Method management
and Management
Extension from
Tapping system
government
Experiences
Labour Issue
• Two types of rubber labor force
1) Household labour (72 %).
2) Shared cropper labour (28 %) (high mobilization
and migration).
• Rubber production requires 5-8 hrs/day/ha
• The quantity of rubber labor per household
2 persons.
• Labor efficiency:
- Production/labor 6.46 kg./hr. (household labor)
and 5.35 kg./hr. (share cropper labor).
- Total income/labor 439.9 baht/hr. (household
labor) and 364.3 bath/hr. (shared cropper labor).
Economic Analysis
Cost and Income : Study in Rubber Monoculture System
Items 1/3S 3d/4 1/2S 2d/3 1/2S 3d/4 1/2S d/2
1. Total cost 55,715.31 59,115.18 63,905.25 54,750.30
(baht/ha/year)
2. Total variable cost 52,950.43 56,708.50 60,377.31 50,945.93
(baht/ha/year)
3. Fixed cost 2,764.87 2,406.68 3,527.93 3,804.37
(baht/ha/year)
4.Total farm income 136,857.50 120,190.62 100,096.87 110,237.5
(baht/ha/year)
5.Netfarm income 81,142.19 61,075.44 36,191.62 59,291.25
(baht/ha/year)
6.Return to total 2.45 2.03 1.56 2.01
cost(baht/ha/year)
7.Return to variable 2.58 2.11 1.65 2.16
cost(baht/ha/year)
8.Return to fix 49.49 49.94 28.37 28.97
cost(baht/ha/year)
Farm Efficiency Measurement
: Study in Rubber Monoculture System
Measurement 1/3S 3d/4 1/2S 2d/3 1/2S 3d/4 1/2S d/2
IRR (%) 25 23 28 20
Sensitivity Analysis
Indicators 5% 10% 15% 5% 10% 15%
capital capital capital production production production
Increase Increase Increase decline decline decline
2550 2551
ภาพที่ 8 ลักษณะภูมิอากาศของอําเภอหาดใหญ จังหวัดสงขลา ระหวางเดือนมกราคม
2550-เดือนมีนาคม 2551
ที่มา: สถานีตรวจอากาศเกษตรคอหงส ตําบลคอหงส อําเภอหาดใหญ จังหวัดสงขลา
ผลการศึกษา (ตอ)
จํานวนวันกรีด 164 วัน
จํานวนวันกรีดที่คาดหวัง จํานวนวันกรีดที่กรีดไดจริง
30
จํานวนวัน (วัน)
20
10
0
เม.ย. พ.ค. มิ.ย. ก.ค. ส.ค. ก.ย. ต.ค. พ.ย. ธ.ค. ม.ค. ก.พ. มี.ค.
เดือน
2550 2550
ภาพที่ 9 เปรียบเทียบจํานวนวันกรีดที่คาดหวังกับจํานวนวันกรีดที่กรีดไดจริง ใน
ระบบกรีด 1/3S 2d/3