Silo and Hopper Pressure Calculations

Fig_PC&P_5 Lecture Product Characterization and Processing of Pharmaceutical Particulate Solids, Silo pressure calculations , J rgen Tomas 29.05.
2013
Figure 5.0
Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. J . Tomas chair for Mechanical Process Engineering

5. Silo and hopper pressure calculations
5.1 shaft and hopper pressures
5.2 Wall thickness

Fig_PC&P_5 Lecture Product Characterization and Processing of Pharmaceutical Particulate Solids, Silo pressure calculations , J rgen Tomas 29.05.2013
Figure 5.1
5.1 shaft and hopper pressures

Vertikal and Horizontal Pressures at Mass Flow Silo
height level of flattened
free bulk surface
intersection between
shaft and hopper
height level of
discharge opening
filling
discharging
s
i
l
o

h
e
i
g
h
t

H
silo pressures p
v
and p
h
p
v
p
v
p
h
p
h
p
v
p
h
radial stress field r
F 5.1

Figure 5.2

Figure 5.3

Figure 5.4

p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n

o
f

a
c
t
i
v
e

s
h
e
a
r

p
l
a
n
e
Active and Passive Rankine's Stress State Limits
Yield locus: = tan
i
+
c
= tan
i
( +
Z
)
or
R
= sin
i
(
M
+
Z
)
p
h,a
active
passive
s
h
e
a
r

s
t
r
e
s
s

tensile
strength
Z
cohesion
c
2,a
a
=

i
4 2
+
R ,a
2
a
p
v
1,a
y
i
e
l
d

l
o
c
u
s
p
h,p
1,p
p
=

i
4
-
2
M,p
=
1,p
+
2,p

2
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n

o
f

p
a
s
s
i
v
e

s
h
e
a
r

p
l
a
n
e
R,p
=

1,p
2,p
2
-
active passive
principal stresses
lateral or
horizontal
stress ratio
2,a
=
1
+
c
1 - sin
i
1 + sin
i
2 cos
i
1 + sin
i
1,p
=
2,p
+
c
1 + sin
i
1 - sin
i
2 cos
i
1 - sin
i
lower limit for
c
= 0 upper limit for
c
= 0
p
h,p
p
v
= = = tan
2
1 + sin
i
1 - sin
i
(
4
+
i

2
p
p
h,a
p
v
= = = tan
2
1 - sin
i
1 + sin
i
(
4
-
i

2
active

i
4 2
+
p
v
p
h,a
p
v
p
h,p
passive

i
4 2
-
p
v
p
h,a
p
v
p
h,p
normal stress
given: p
v
=
1
=
b
.g y

c
,
i
searched: 2 stress states which meet the yield condition
y
x
2,p
F 5.4

Figure 5.5

Figure 5.6

Figure 5.7

Figure 5.8

storage time t
L
= 22 h
m
Fill
= 11,5 t
b
= 0,8 t/m
3
e
= 33
w
= 23 steel sheet (CF)
w
= 18 steel sheet (MF)

mass flow, switch load p
n
= (c
4
- c
1
) p
n
cos ,
TGL 32274/09
mass flow, switch load p
n
=
b
g (H or D),
DIN 1055 part 6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
wall normal pressures p
h
, p
n
in kPa
0
1
2
3
4
5
h
e
i
g
h
t

H
,

H
'

i
n

m
mass flow (MF)
core flow
flow
bondary
silo
G 807
p
n
Wall Normal Pressures p
h
, p
n
of Wheat
measured, filling
measured, discharging
calculated, filling
calculated, discharging,
load factors c
1
= 1,4, c
4
= 3,0
calculated, DIN 1055 part 6
c
3
= 1.8
(CF)
23
30
p
h
D = 2,4 m
measurements according to Scholz
F 5.8

Figure 5.9

Maximum Normal Pressures (Discharging) versus
Effective Angle of Internal Friction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
w
= 10
boundaries
rough wall
w
=10
20
30 40 50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

p*
h
shaft
p*
n
hopper
20
30
40
50
60
p
*
h
,

m
a
x
,

p
*
n
,

m
a
x
12
e
in deg
Maximum Vertical Pressures (Filling) versus Effektive
Angle of Internal Friction
p
*
v
,

m
a
x
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
w
= 10
20
30
40
50
boundary
rough wall
= 10 mass flow
=0,725
= 2,414
A
U
H
D
shaft
hopper
w
=10
20
30 40
50
12
13
14
e
in deg
Maximum Vertical Pressures (Filling) versus
Wall Friction Angle
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
e
=30 40
50
12
13
isostatic pressure
boundary
rough wall
p
*
v
,

m
a
x
14
shaft
hopper
60
w
in deg
Maximum Normal Pressures (Discharging)
versus Wall Friction Angle
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
30
40
50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
boundaries
rough wall
p
*
h
,

m
a
x
,

p
*
n
,

m
a
x
12
13
14
60
e
=30
w
in deg
60
50
40
p*
h
shaft
p*
n
hopper
Maximum Wall Friction Loads (Discharging)
versus Effective Angle of Internal Friction
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
w
=10
20
30
40
-50
p*
h
shaft
p*
n
hopper
20
10
30
20
40
50
-10
e
=30
1
2
1,5
2,5
0 0
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
p
*
w
,

m
a
x
boundaries
rough wall
0,5
60
40
50
p
*
w
,

m
a
x
e
in deg
p
*
w
,

m
a
x
p
*
w
,

m
a
x
Maximum Wall Friction Loads (Discharging) versus
Wall Friction Angle
e
=30
40
50
50
40
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
0
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
boundaries
rough wall
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
60
60
e
=
30
w
in deg
p*
w
shaft
p*
w
hopper
p* = p U

b
g A
.
. .
F 5.9

Figure 5.10

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
p
*
v
,

m
a
x
9
10
11
w
= 10
20
30
40
50
boundary
rough wall
= 30 core flow
=0,725
= 2,414
A
U
H
D
shaft
hopper
w
=10
20
30 40
50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
e
in deg
Maximum Vertical Pressures (Filling) versus Effektive
Angle of Internal Friction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
e
=30 40
50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
12
13
shaft
hopper
isistatic pressure
boundary
rough wall
p
*
v
,

m
a
x
60
w
in deg
Maximum Vertical Pressures (Filling)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
w
= 10
boundaries
rough wall
w
=10
20
30
40
50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
p*
h
shaft
p*
n
hopper
20
30
40
50
60
p
*
h
,

m
a
x
,

p
*
n
,

m
a
x
60
e
in deg
Maximum Normal Pressures (Discharging) versus
Effective Angle of Internal Friction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
e
=30 40
50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
e
=30
40
50
60
60
boundaries
rough wall
p
*
h
,

m
a
x
,

p
*
n
,

m
a
x
w
in deg
p*
h
shaft
p*
n
hopper
Maximum Normal Pressures (Discharging)
e
=30
40
50
50
40
e
=
30
0 0
I
p
*
w
,

m
a
x
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
p
*
w
,

m
a
x
boundaries
rough wall
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
60
60
w
in deg
p*
h
shaft
p*
n
hopper
3
w
=10
20
30
40
50
20
10
30
20
30
40
50
10
e
=60
1
2
1,5
2,5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
0
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
I
p
*
w
,

m
a
x
boundaries
rough wall
0,5
e
in deg
p
*
w
,

m
a
x
p*
h
shaft
p*
n
hopper
versus Effective Angle of Internal Friction
p* = p U

b
g A
.
. .
F 5.10

Figure 5.11
5.2 Wall thickness
Necessary Steel Reinforcement of Concrete A
St
D
i,1
p
n
A
St
H
D
i
D
i,2
p
n
D
i
=
D
i,1
+ D
i,2
2
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
cos
F,St
2
j
c
s i
D
n
p
A
St

=
H
A
2 cos /
i
D H
n
p 0 F
St

= =
(
(
|
|
.
|
\
|

=
i
D
H
w
tan
F
4 exp 1
F,St
cos
w
tan 8
j
c
s
2
i
D g
b
St
A
load factors according to TGL 32 274/09
( ) cos c c 1 c
1 4 or 3 j
+ =
c
j
= c
1
oder c
3
oder c
4
with c
1
= 1,2 ... 1,6
c
3
= 1,7 ... 2,1
c
4
= 2,1 ... 4,0
hopper
shaft
discharging
core flow
mass flow
F 5.11

Figure 5.12

Silo and Hopper Pressure Calculations

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Fig_PC&P_5 Lecture Product Characterization and Processing of Pharmaceutical Particulate Solids, Silo pressure calculations , J rgen Tomas 29.05.

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