Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton

Thit k cng trnh chu tc ng ca ti trng ng t bng ETABS veri!n "

1. #c khi ni$% c&n '(u ):
1.1. Khi luong, m:
Theo nh lut Newton, luc F = m x a. Khi luong m F gia tc a = 1 m/s
2
.
1.2. Bc tu do, DOF:
C hai loi sau: MDOF, h nhiu bc tu do; SDOF, h mt bc tu do.
1.3. Tn s dao ng tu nhin v mode dao ng tu nhin (Natural Frequency, dao ng m cng trnh c
uoc do trng luong bn thn ca n, khng c su tc ng ca ti trng ngoi)
2. #c b(*c th+c hi$n:
2.1. ,hai b! ngu-.n v/t 'i$u, 0ateria' 1r!1ertie:
Btng: Khi luong ring, Mass per Unit volume : = / g = 2,5 / 10 = 0,25.
L do phi khai bo muc ny v ta c chu ky dao ng T uoc tnh bng 2
m
T
k
= , do nu cng
trnh khng c khi luong ring m, hoc gi tr m rt nh dn ti gi tr k rt ln gi tr T m ta c
uoc rt b. Nhu vy, ngui thit k d nhm ln cng trnh ca mnh t cng, v chu ky T
c uoc nm trong phm vi gii hn. Do vy, muc Mass per Unit volume bt buc phi khai bo khi
tnh ton phn tch ng luc.
2.2. ,h2i '(3ng tha% gia t4nh 5a! ng:
Khi luong , dm, ct, sn, vch ETABS tu tnh ton;
Khi luong hon thin, khi luong tung, mt phn hot ti ngui thit k tnh ton.
Theo tiu chun M, phn khi luong tham gia tnh dao ng l TT + 0,5 HT ton phn. Theo tiu chun
VN, gi tr tuong ng l TT + 0,8 HT di hn. C hai cch tnh ny u cho gi tr tuong uong. V du: Theo
TCVN 2737:1995, ti trng ton phn tc dung ln sn theo bng tra l 200 daN/m
2
, trong phn di hn
l 130 daN/m
2
phn ngn hn l 70 daN/m
2
. Theo TCVN, HTDH x 0,8 = 130 x 0,8 = 104 daN/m
2
; theo TC
M, HTTP x 0,5 = 200 x 0,5 = 100 daN/m
2
. Nhu vy, thng nht, ta p dng h s gim ti cho hot ti
c nu trong TC 22!" #$ %&' cho c(ng tr)nh c* + ,n ng-i .$ trang thi,t /01
2.3. ,h2i '(3ng t/1 trung 0:
6h7n t4ch 1h8ng: 0 9 % : S
trong : m khi luong phn b,
0, 5
9,81
q g p
m
g
+
= =
;
S din tch sn.
Thng thung, gi tr q = 9 ~ 14 kN/m
2
(1 T = 10 kN), thung chn q = 10 ~ 11 kN/m
2

10 ~11
9, 81
q
m
g
= =
Sau gn khi luong tp trung M bng Joint Mass: Assign Joint/Point Additional Point Mass.

Nhp tham s M vo Direction X,Y.
+ Cch khc cho phuong php tnh ton khung phng: Chi cn tnh khi luong ca sn chia cho gia tc
trng trung th uoc gi tr M, sau gn tuong tu nhu trn.
6h7n t4ch ; chi<u:
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Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton
#h= ): khng cn phi chia nh phn t shell bng Edit Mesh Areas hay Assign Shell/Area Area
Object Mesh Options. khi gii bi ton dao ng v sai s chi l 1% vi khi c chia nh cc phn t shell.
Khai bo khi luong: C cc cch sau:
o Cch 1:
Tnh cc lp hon thin, vd: 1,2 kN/m
2
Tnh cc lp tung, vd: 2,5 kN/m
2
Xc nh hot ti, vd: 2 kN/m
2
M = [q = 1,2 + 2,5 + 2 = 5,7 kN/m
2
] / g = 9,81
Sau gn ln shell bng Area Mass,
o Cch 2: Khng cn nhp sn, chi cn nhp khung sau tnh ton ton b khi luong sn l bao
nhiu, sau chn ht cc nt giao gia dm ct, ri gn
san
G
M
g.N
=
(vi N = s nt trn sn)
bng Joint Mass.
o Cch 3:
Nhp m hnh.
Khai bo cc trung hop ti trng, theo hnh sau:
Gn ti trng tht su, chua cn nhp gi hay ti ng t trong giai on ny.
2h3n T45T, cn ch= )> ,hi khai b! ngu?n kh2i '(3ng 0a S!urce
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Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton
Nu chn muc From Self and Specified Mass and Loads th muc Define Mass Multiplier for
Loads nhu hnh dui y:
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Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton
Nu chn muc From Loads th chn nhu hnh dui y:
@ABA #ng trnh c&n ba! nhi.u %!5e 'C D
Theo VN, s mode cn tnh l Smode sao cho fS < fgh < fS+1. Theo TCVN 229:1999 th vi kt cu BTCT: fgh
= 1,3 Hz TS+1 < Tgh = 0,8 s < TS.
V du: Phn tch mode dao ng ca 1 cng trnh ta uoc bng sau:
3. Mode 4. T (s)
5. 1 6. 1,6
7. 2 8. 1,0
9. 3 10. 0,9
11. 4 12. 0,82
13. 5 14. 0,75
Ta thy mode 4 c T = 0,82 s > Tgh = 0,8 s, mode 5 th T< Tgh nn s mode cn phn tch l B %!5e.
Theo M, s mode cn tnh l S sao cho y = m1 + m2 + . + mS # 90% yg (xc nh bng cch xem file
*.OUT)
Nhu hnh trn, phn gch dui mu l v tr m y # 90% yg nn s mode cn tnh l E %!5e.
(Tham kho bi vit ca GS Edward L. Wilson trong file EMAN08.pdf phn Manuals ca phn mm Etabs).
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Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton
@AFA6h(Gng trnh 5a! ng :c nh nh( th nC!D
Phuong trnh dao ng ca 3 dng dao ng ( ) y sin B cos -cosh Dsinh = tnh ton
nhung khng k n su tham gia ca cc lp hon thin, trang thit b,. trn cng trnh nn cho kt qu
khng uoc chnh xc, nn t 1986, phuong php tnh ny t uoc s dung. Hin nay, trn th gii s
dung phuong php itz tnh ton phuong trnh dao ng. Phuong php ny c k n su tham gia ca
cc ti trng k trn khi tnh ton v phn tch dao ng cho cng trnh.
Cch xc nh phuong trnh dao ng trn ETABS: Ta chn nt, nm trn inh v gia cng trnh,
xut bng Display Show table Xem hnh bn dui
hoc
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Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton
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Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton
@AHA Ih/1 ti trng ng t bng TJ0E KJSTLMN AIAONSJS
6h(Gng trnh: ( ) Mu cu ku P t + + = && &
Cc buc gii nhu sau:
o Hm thi gian, nhp chu ky (sn c). Theo , ta c cc hC% Gn gin nhu sin, cos.:
o Hoc hC% ngPu nhi.n (cc hm do cc my o cc trn ng t ghi li, trong ETABS c
sn mt s hm c ui .TH trong thu muc ETABSTime History Functions. C 2 dng file
hm: dng file chi c gia tc, phi cho bit Time step T ; dng file hm th 2 cho bit T,
giy (s).
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Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton
o Click chn Br!Qe muc Runcti!n Ri'e, dn ung dn ti thu muc SETABSSTi%e
Kit!r- Runcti!n ta c bng sau:
o Click vieQ Ti'e bit uoc dng format file hm.
6)nh trn #$ dng 7i#8 h$m ch9 cho /i,t gia tc .$ T : &,&2& s8c1 ;ch< = >n .0 gia tc #$
cm?s
2
, c3n nh@n h s &,&" th$nh m?s
2
trong ATB5C, sD n*i ph3n sauE
6)nh trn #$ dng 7i#8 h$m cho /i,t chu +F .$ gi@G.
o U4 5V s dung file hm ALTADENA1.TH phn tch.
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Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton
o Khai bo trung hop ng t
WeTine Ti%e Kit!r- #aeX
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Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton
o To mt COMBO c DONGDAT xc nh Max Min ni luc cho phn t trong thi im
xy ra ng t
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Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton
o COMBO ny c th tc dung vi cc TH ti (vd gi) tnh ton ni luc cho cng trnh.
o T s cn
cr
C
C
=
BTCT = 5%, Thp = 3%
o Ye% ni '+c ch! 1h&n tZ tr!ng khi 5i[n ra ng t:
Wi1'a- Sh!Q Ti%e Kit!r- TraceX
Sau khi click WeTine Runcti!n. ta c bng dui y:
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Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton
Click 5i1'a- bng Ti%e Kit!r- Wi1'a- WeTiniti!n ta uoc bng sau
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Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton
@A"A Yc nh gia t2c \nh nh( th nC!D
Theo phuong trnh ( ) Mu cu ku P t + + = && &
ta thy uoc rng trong cch tnh s dung phuong php tnh chi
c cng k nhn vi chuyn v u nn khng th xc nh uoc gia tc. Do c th s dung phuong php
quy i nhu sau: ]i Z chuyn v c dng u = uosint u = (uo)cost u = (uo
2
)sint.
Ta xc nh uoc ymax (umax) trong ETABS, sau amax =
2
x umax
Vi chu ky ring = 2f = 2 / T.
T^J OJ_` TKA0 ,KaL
[1] ETABS 0AI`AOS.
[2] Ths. Nguyn Hu Anh Tun, Gio trnh Thc hnh phn tch v thit k kt cu mt s v d c
!n "ng #T$%&, 2006, Tp. H Ch Minh.
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