Worm and Worm Gear

ENTC 463 Mechanical Design Applications II

ENTC 463
Lab. #2 Gears To be scheduled Thompson 009B

ENTC 463
HW#7 Worm and Wormgear Due 2/28/2008 Chapter 8 55 Chapter 10 19

Worm Gear Drive

Figure 14.4 Worm gear drive. (a) Cylindrical teeth; (b) double enveloping.

Hamrock Text Reference: Figure 14.4, page 618

Worm and Worm Gear

Non-parallel, non-coplanar shafts

Worm and Worm Gear

Worm
Rotate at high speed, with thread similar to screw Similar to a special form of a gear introduced Axial pitch: the distance from a point on the thread to corresponding point on the next thread

Worm Gear
Similar to spur gear

Form worm and worm gear to mesh

Axial pitch of worm = circular pitch of wormgear

p=

DG
NG

= px

Worm Geometry
Number of worm threads (starts), Nw
Nw =1, similar to a 1-tooth helical gear with large helix angle wraps around the face

Lead, L
Axial distance that a point would move at one revolution

Worm and Worm Gear Geometry

Lead angle,
= tan 1 (L Dw ), L = NW p x

Pitch line speed, vt (ft/min)

v tW = v tG

D W nW

12 D G nG = 12

Pitch line speed of the worm is not equal to the pitch line speed of the wormgear Sliding

Next Thursday 2/28/2008 Meet @ Thompson 009B

Higginbotham to Winniford 2:20 to 3:00 PM Allen to Hagan 3:00 to 3:35 PM

ENTC 463 Mechanical Design Applications II

Worm and Worm Gear Geometry

Pressure angle (similar to helical gear)
tan n = tan t cos

Example

pd = 6, NW = 3, nW = 1750 rpm, DW = 2 in
p , p x , L , , D G , C , vt ?

Typical dimension
Diameter of worm
C 0.875 DW = 2.5

Tooth geometry

Typical Dimension
Face width of wormgear

6 FG = pd Face width (length) of worm

D t DG Fw = 2 2a 2 D t : Throat diameter
2 2 1 2

Forces Acting on Worm and Worm Gear

Worm

WrW = WrG W xG = WtW

W xW = WtG WrW = WrG

Worm gear

Forces Acting on Worm and Worm Gear

2To WtG = DG WxG cos n sin + cos = WtG cos n cos sin

WtG sin n WrG = cos n cos sin

: coefficient of friction

Sliding
Sliding between worm and worm gear
Different from other types of gears Sliding friction (not rolling friction) Sliding velocity can be calculated

vtG vtW vs = = sin cos

Estimate Coefficient of Friction

Friction Force and Friction Power Loss

Friction force: Friction power loss:

WtG Wf = (cos )(cos n ) sin

33000 (vs in ft/min) PL = vsW f

Input and output power: Efficiency:

Pi = Po + PL

Po = Pi

Factors Affecting Efficiency

WtG Wf = (cos )(cos n ) sin , W f

self locking : < 5o , low efficiency (60 to 70%)

Worm Gear Stress Analysis

Only worm gear is analyzed since threads are more durable and made from a stronger material Different from other types of gears Bending stress analysis Surface durability

Bending Stress
=
Wd yFp n

Wd : dynamic load on gear teeth y : Lewis form factor F : face width pn : normal circular pitch

WtG Wd = Kv Kv = vtG = 1200 1200 + vtG

DG nG
12

pn = p cos =

cos
pd

Material Selection Based on Bending Stress

Wd = vs. fatigue strength of material yFp n

Fatigue strength of material: 0.35 times the ultimate strength For manganese gear bronze: 17000 psi For phosphor gear bronze: 24000 psi

Surface Durability
Rated (allowable) tangental load : WtR = Cs DG FeCmCv
0. 8

Cs : material factor (material properties) DG : pitch diameter of the wormgear Fe : effective face width, Fe = min( F ,0.67 DW ) Cm : ratio correction factor Cv : velocity factor

Material Factor

Ratio Correction Factor

Velocity Factor

Examples
Design worm and worm gear based on:
To = 4168 lb.in

= 14.04o n = 20o
DG = 8.67 in DW = 2.0 in nW = 1750 rpm