Folie 1 - Marius Hoppe

Smart Integration of Renewable Energy into
Electrical Supply Systems

Long Beach, CA, USA, 17
th
- 21
th
March 2013
E. Ortjohann, A. Schmelter, N. Hamsic, P. Wirasanti
South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences / Campus Soest, Germany
Long Beach, 21.03.2013
2
Agenda
Status of the Renewable Energy in Germany

Problems and Strategies for Grid Integration

System Architecture and Control Methodology of Smart Inverter

Implementation and Verification of Smart Inverter

Conclusion

3
Agenda




Conclusion

4
Source: Research of Renewable Energy: http://www.fvee.de, Richtlinie 2009/28/EG Erneuerbare Energien
German Government's Renewable Energy Target

18 % Renewable energy share in total primary energy consumption of
Germany up to 2020

Renewable energy share in the electricity supply system of Germany:
35.0 % up to 2020,
50.0 % up to 2030,
65.0 % up to 2040,
80.0 % up to 2050.

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
P
o
w
e
r

[
G
W
]
Year

Photovoltaic
Wind
Installed capacity of grid tied PV systems and wind turbines

5
Source: BMU, Prognos AG

2
9

G
W

2
5

G
W

3

G
W

2
1

G
W

1
7

G
W

2
7

G
W

2012
Wind non valid values
PV approx. 7,3 GW

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
P
o
w
e
r

[
G
W
]
Year

Photovoltaic
Wind
Installed capacity of grid tied PV systems and wind turbines

6
Source: BMU, Prognos AG

2
9

G
W

2
5

G
W

3

G
W

2
1

G
W

1
7

G
W

2
7

G
W

2012: distribution grids
Wind approx. 95 %
PV approx. 90 %

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
P
o
w
e
r

[
G
W
]
Year

Biomass 9.3 GW
Photovoltaic 39.5 GW
Wind 55.0 GW
7
Estimated electrical capacity of RES in Germany up to 2020
approx. 110 GW
Source: BEE Branchenprognose2020
8
Offshore wind development
Source: http://www.bard-offshore.de/
Alpha Ventus:
12 turbines
60 MW
Source: http://www.alpha-ventus.de/
Baltic 1:
21 turbines
48.3 MW
Source: http://www.enrw.de
BARD Offshore 1:
80 turbines
400 MW (2013)
2011
7,7 %
of electricity
demand
47 TWh
2020
25.0 %
of electricity
demand
150 TWh
9
Repowering is already in process

Goals of Germany:
Halving the number of wind turbines
Double the installed wind power
Triple the electricity generation related to 2011

Source: http://www.wind-energie.de/ (recalculated for 2011)
10
Agenda




Conclusion

11
Conventional power systems

U
n
i
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
u
p
p
l
y

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

Active
Controlled Area
Passive
Controlled Area
3~
.
.
.
.
.
.
Pumped
Hydro
Grid
220 kV / 380 kV
110 kV
10 to 30 kV
400 V
3~
Reginal
Grid
Special
Loads or
Suppliers
Regional
Grid
Special
Loads or
Suppliers
3~
3~
3~
Offshore
Wind
Park
Power Plant
3~
12
Moving towards decentralized power systems

B
i
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
u
p
p
l
y

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

Active
Controlled Area
.
.
.
.
.
.
Grid
220 kV / 380 kV
110 kV
10 to 30 kV
400 V
3~
=
3~
=
3~
=
3~
3~ 3~
Power Plant
Offshore
Wind
Park
Pumped
Hydro
3~
3~
=
3~
=
Regional
Grid
Reginal
Grid
3~
3~
3~
3~
3~
3~
3~
3~
3~
3~
3~
3~
3~
3~
3~
3~
3~
3~
3~
Special
Loads or
Suppliers
3~
Special
Loads or
Suppliers 3~
=
3~
=
3~
=
3~
3~
3~
3~
=
13
Transfer of the conventional control schemas into all grid levels

Conventional control schemas of transmission networks must be
extended to distribution networks !
P
V
-P
a
rk
W
in
d
p
a
rk
B
io
m
a
s
s
e
B
a
tte
rie
-
s
p
e
ic
h
e
r

CHP

CHP

CHP

H

CHP

CHP

CHP

CHP

CHP

T
a
n
k
-
s
te
lle
W
a
s
s
e
rk
ra
ft
K
ra
ftw
e
rk
S
c
h
a
lt-
a
n
la
g
e
F
lu
s
s
W
a
s
s
e
rk
ra
ft
14
Grid Code for decentralized generators in Germany

Power reduction (supervisory side)
Frequency and voltage droop (unit side)
Fault Right Through (unit side)
Source: VDN, German Grid Code
15
Inverter as Flexible Grid Interface for Integration of DERs

Unit Control
3~
=
(~)
Grid
Energy Conversion
System (ECS)
3 (4) 2 (3)
Load
Load
~
~
~ ~
~
~
~
~
~ ~
G
3~
Photovoltaic Generator
Wind Power System
Communication
Local
Control
Inverter is the Essential Device for
optimal integration of DERs
16
Agenda




Conclusion

17
Technical requirements of inverter as grid integration of DERs

DERs integration into Active Network

Symmetrical active network

Asymmetrical active network

=
3~
=
3~
18
Technical requirements of inverter as grid integration of DERs

DERs integration into Passive Network

Symmetrical passive network

Asymmetrical passive network

=
3~
=
3~
19
Inverter feeding modes at grid side (Unit Control)

Inverter Feeding Modes
at Grid Side
Grid Parallel
Symmetrical Asymmetrical Symmetrical Asymmetrical Symmetrical Asymmetrical
Grid Forming Grid Supporting
ECS Driven Feeding Grid Driven Feeding
20
Inverter feeding modes at grid side (Unit Control)

Grid forming: f- and V-control with nominal reference values
(grid side driven)

Grid supporting: P- and Q-control with external reference values
from load dispatcher (grid side driven)

Grid supporting: P- and V-control with external reference values
from load dispatcher (grid side driven)

Coupling: f/P and V/Q droop (grid side driven)
P/f and Q/V droop (grid side driven)

Grid parallel: P- (and Q-) control with reference values from source
(unit side driven)

21
Symmetrical grid forming mode inverter

at Grid Side
Grid Parallel
22
Symmetrical current control inverter

dq
SVM
-
-
L
f
C
f
V
_ref
V
_ref
V
d
V
q
V
dc
I
d_act
I
q_act
Inverter
=
3~
abc
dq
abc
Ve
j
Local
Grid
Grid
I
q_ref
I
d_ref
23
Symmetrical grid forming mode inverter

dq
SVM
-
-
-
L
f
C
f
V
_ref
V
_ref
V
d
V
q
V
dc
PLL
I
d_act
I
q_act
Inverter
=
3~
V
ref
V
act
-
abc
dq
abc
w
act
V
act
w
ref
Local
Grid
Grid
24
Symmetrical grid forming mode inverter with primary control

Q
act
Primary Control
-
-
w
V
K
w
K
V
P
act
P and Q
Measurement
P
ref
-
Q
ref
dq
SVM
-
-
-
L
f
C
f
V
_ref
V
_ref
V
d
V
q
V
dc
PLL
I
d_act
I
q_act
Inverter
=
3~
V
ref
V
act
-
abc
dq
abc
w
act
V
act
w
ref
Local
Grid
Grid
25
Symmetrical grid forming mode inverter with primary control

Q
act
Primary Control
-
-
w
V
K
w
K
V
P
act
P and Q
Measurement
P
ref
-
Q
ref
dq
SVM
-
-
-
L
f
C
f
V
_ref
V
_ref
V
d
V
q
V
dc
PLL
I
d_act
I
q_act
Inverter
=
3~
V
ref
V
act
-
abc
dq
abc
w
act
V
act
w
ref
Local
Grid
Grid
Proposed control schemas
fulfill the requirement of
decentralized generators
Grid Code !!
26
Asymmetrical grid forming mode inverter

at Grid Side
Grid Parallel
27
Asymmetrical grid forming mode inverter

SVM
L
f
C
f
V
dc
Inverter
=
3~
w
act
Local
Grid
Grid
Positive sequence
V-Controller I-Controller
-
-
-
-
V
1_q
w
ref
V
1_d_ref
w
act
V
1_d
I
1_q
I
1_d V
1_d
Negative sequence
-
-
-
-
V
2_q
V
2_q_ref
V
2_d_ref
V
2_q
V
2_d
I
2_q
I
2_d V
2_d
Zero sequence
-
-
-
-
V
0_q
V
0_q_ref
V
0_d_ref
V
0_q
V
0_d
I
0_q
I
0_d V
0_d
[ I
120_dq_act
] [ V
120_dq_act
]
PLL
[ V
120_dq
]
V
_ref
V
_ref
V
_ref

120
abc
120
abc
120
28
Asymmetrical grid forming mode inverter with primary control

SVM
L
f
C
f
V
dc
Inverter
=
3~
w
act
Local
Grid
Grid
Positive sequence
-
-
-
-
V
1_q
w
ref
V
1_d_ref
w
act
V
1_d
I
1_q
I
1_d V
1_d
Negative sequence
-
-
-
-
V
2_q
V
2_q_ref
V
2_d_ref
V
2_q
V
2_d
I
2_q
I
2_d V
2_d
Zero sequence
-
-
-
-
V
0_q
V
0_q_ref
V
0_d_ref
V
0_q
V
0_d
I
0_q
I
0_d V
0_d
[ I
120_dq_act
] [ V
120_dq_act
]
PLL
[ V
120_dq
]
V
_ref
V
_ref
V
_ref

120
abc
120
abc
120
Primary Control
V
1_d
K
V1_d
K

K
V2_d
K
V2_q
K
V0_d
K
V0_q
w
V
2_d
V
2_q
V
0_d
V
0_q
Q
1
P
1
Q
2
P
2
Q
0
P
0
P
ref
Q
act
P
act
Q
ref
-
-
abc
120
abc
120
-
-
-
-
-
-
P and Q
Measurement
29
Agenda




Conclusion

30
Developed smart inverter: technical specifications

Total Power 100.0 kVA
2 x Module 12.5 kVA
1 x Module 25.0 kVA
1 x Module 50.0 kVA

Max. Input Voltage 800 V (DC)
Output Voltage 3 x 400 V (AC)
Max. Efficiency 95 %

31
50.0 kVA inverter module

32
AC Connection module

33
Developed smart inverter
50 kVA inverter module

AC Connection module

34
Verification of proposed control methodology of smart inverter

=
3 ~
L
C
V
dc
25 kVA
L
C
=
V
dc
3 ~
12.5 kVA
Load
Parallel operation of 2 Asymmetrical
Grid Forming with Primary Control
inverters are examined.

Inverter Parameters:
V
dc
= 780 V
V
ref
= 230 V
f
ref
= 50 Hz
V
droop
= 4 %
f
droop
= 4 %
35
Asymmetrical Grid Forming with Primary Control
Asymmetrical load; R
A
=20, R
B
=40 , R
C
=60

Load Voltages

Load Currents
36
Asymmetrical Grid Forming with Primary Control
Symmetrical load; R
A
= R
B
= R
C
= 16

Load Voltages

Load Currents
37
Agenda




Conclusion

38
Conclusion
Characteristics of the proposed smart inverter control architectures:

The introduced control architectures enable reliable, fast and
efficient control of future oriented power systems

Increase the flexibility and adaptability for DERs grid integration
into conventional grids

Support the conventional control schemas, which are consequently
down sized to the low voltage level

Give an opportunity to establish an advance control function down
to local level

39
Conclusion
Change the ordinary DERs integration to be a part of the dynamic grid
control and management

Empower and turn distribution network to be the active control area
with Smart Inverter

Local Area
Intelligent Substation
Prosumer
50 kW
=
=
CHIP
CHIP
=
3~
CHIP
CHIP
CHIP
CHIP
CHIP
CHIP
3~
=
3~
CHIP
SGCC
40
Acknowledgement
This research work is supported by

41
Thank You For Your Attention!
Paramet Wirasanti

South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences,
Division Soest
Department of Electrical Engineering
Laboratory of Power Systems and Power Economics

Email: wirasanti@fh-swf.de
6
7
4
~ ~
~
5
~
2
~
1
~
3
~
Power Plant
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~~
Virtual

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Smart Integration of Renewable Energy into

Electrical Supply Systems

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