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10
TRUYEN NHAN D LIEU
BANG HONG NGOAI
10.1 GII THIEU VE HONG NGOAI (IR)
10.1.1 nh ngha
Hong ngoai la anh sang khong nhn thay c co bc song dai, bc song
t 750 nanometer ti 0.1 milimeter.
10.1.2 u va nhc iem
u iem
- Tieu ton cong suat thap nen thng c dung trong may vi tnh
- Mach thu, phat hong ngoai de che tao, khong oi hoi cao ve phan
cng do o gia thanh thap.
- Van e o at, kiem tra tn hieu de dang hn so vi song FM.
- Truyen d lieu bang hong ngoai co tnh bao mat, an toan cao v no
ch co the truyen trong phong kn, d lieu khong b ro ra ngoai.
Do vay no thng c dung trong cac hoi ngh
- Tn hieu hong ngoai khong b gay nhieu bi song FM,
- Tn hieu hong ngoai co day bang tan rong.
- Truyen d lieu khong can day, tien li.
Nhc iem
- Do hong ngoai la anh sang nen no mang cac ban chat cua song anh
sang nh: truyen thang, phan xa, khuc xa nen bo nhan tn hieu
hong ngoai phai at thang vi bo truyen tn hieu hong ngoai, hoac
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bo truyen va bo phat phai c at trong moi trng co kha nang
phan xa c (nh trong phong).
- Khong giong nh truyen bang song radio(FM), bo nhan cung nh
bo truyen khong c e b che phu hoac at trong hop kn (uc).
- Co the b gay nhieu bi cac thiet b co kha nang phat ra cac song
hong ngoai khac nh en huynh quang
- Khoang khong gian truyen cang ln th cong suat truyen cung phai
tang theo lam tang gia thanh bo phat.
- Hong ngoai khong the truyen xuyen tng va b che bi cac vat
ran, khoang cach truyen ngan.
- Toc o truyen thap hn so vi truyen co day.
10.2 TRUYEN TN HIEU HONG NGOAI
10.2.1 Gii thieu
ay la phng thc truyen d lieu khong day. Phng thc nay s dung
nang lng bc xa ien t e truyen d lieu trong khong gian. Mot trong nhng
nguon nang lng bc xa ien t ma ta thng thay o la mat tri, en, TV,
So vi song radio th song anh sang hong ngoai co bc song ngan nen tan
so cao hn so vi song radio.

10.2.2 Nguyen ly truyen d lieu bang hong ngoai
Da tren tan so thu tot nhat cua mat thu (B.P.F) ma ta phat d lieu tren tan
so o, goi la tan so mang.

Tan so mang 38,4 KHz

Hnh10.1 Tan so song mang cua bo phat
Va tuy theo chuan a quy nh trc ma mc logic 1 co the la khong
phat hay phat (led hong ngoai se nhap nhay theo tan so mang).
`hl . !UYL! `!! l!l `h !_.yi !|i| ii!_.yi l .i_

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10.2.3 Khung truyen d lieu
10.2.3.1 Khung truyen 1 byte d lieu
D lieu c truyen t cong noi tiep RS-232 (PC) xuong AT89C2051, d
lieu nay c chip giai ma va truyen i lan lt tng byte.

Header 10 bit d lieu Bu 1 cua 10 bit d lieu Stop bit

10.2.3.2 Thi gian cua khung truyen
2211us 1084us
1084us 1084us
Header Data
Stop bit
1084us

Hnh 10.2 Thi gian cua khung truyen

10.2.4 Tao tan so mang bang AT89C2051
Do moi mot chu ky may (CKM) cua AT89C2051 co thi gian bang
12/f
Crystal
. Trong luan van nay, chung ta s dung thach anh co tan so la 22,1184
MHz.
Suy ra: s 54 . 0
1184 , 22
12
t
CKM
= =
Sau ay la chng trnh con tao tan so mang 38,4 KHz vi o dai cua mot
bit d lieu la 2004 CKM.
Pulse:
MOV R4,#83
L5:
CPL P1.7
MOV R5,#10
DJNZ R5,$
`hl . !UYL! `!! l!l `h !_.yi !|i| ii!_.yi l .i_

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DJNZ R4,L5
CLR P1.7
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
RET

Space:
MOV R4,#4
L4:
MOV R5,#248
DJNZ R5,*+0
DJNZ R4,L4
NOP
NOP
NOP
RET
10.2.5 S o nguyen ly mach phat
Xem phan phu luc trang1.
`hl . !UYL! `!! l!l `h !_.yi !|i| ii!_.yi l .i_

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10.2.6 S o khoi cua truyen mot byte d lieu (10 bit)

ung
Sai
For i=0 to 9
If Data.i = then
Call Space
Else
Call Pulse
End if
Next
If Flag = 0 then
Stop bit
Data = 1024 data
Flag = 1
Flag =0
Truyen Header








`hl . !UYL! `!! l!l `h !_.yi !|i| ii!_.yi l .i_

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10.3 NHAN D LIEU BANG HONG NGOAI
10.3.1 Cam bien thu nhan tn hieu hong ngoai
trong luan van nay, chung ta s dung cam bien thu nhan tn hieu hong
ngoai la GP1U5210. Cam bien nay thng c dung trong cac bo thu tn hieu
hong ngoai t remote cac TV, VCR,


Hnh 10.3 Hnh dang ben ngoai cua cam bien
10.3.1.1 Cac ac tnh ve cam bien
- t b nhieu bi anh sang cua en huynh quang hoac cac nguon sang
hong ngoai khac co tan so khong trung vi tan so cua cam bien
(B.P.F).
- Ngo ra cua tn hieu la tch cc mc thap, theo chuan TTL.
- Tuy so series cua cam bien ma no co the loc cac tan so khac
nhau (B.P.F Band Pass Filter). Bang sau la mot vai tan so thong
dung.
Bang 10.1 Cac tan so cua mot so cam bien
Model B.P.F
GP1U57X 40 KHz
GP1U570X 36 KHz
GP1U571X 38 KHz
GP1U572X 36.7 KHz
GP1U573X 32.75 KHz
GP1U577X 56.8 KHz
`hl . !UYL! `!! l!l `h !_.yi !|i| ii!_.yi l .i_

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Vi cac cam bien ma ta khong biet c tan so loc (B.P.F) cua no, th ta
co the dung mach n gian sau vi chip tao dao ong thong dung LM555 e tm
ra c tan so loc cua cam bien:
1K
R2
100K
U1
LM555
3
4 8
5
2
6
7
OUT
R
S
T
V
C
C
CV
TRG
THR
DSCHG
Q1
2N1070
1nF
D1
LED
6-12V
470
R1
470

Hnh 10.4 S o nguyen ly mach phat hong ngoai
Ta at bo thu mot khoang cach nhat nh. Sau o ieu chnh bien tr R1
( ay ta nen dung bien tr tinh chnh e co the chnh c tan so chnh xac) e
ieu chnh tan so phat cua hong ngoai LED. Tan so nay c tnh gan ung nh
sau
) 1 R 2 2 R ( C
44 , 1
f
+
=

A1015
10K
220
LED
VCC
VCC
GPU52X
1
2
3
Gnd
Vcc
Signal

Hnh 10.5 S o nguyen ly mach thu song hong ngoai
Khi thay en ben bo nhan phat sang th ta se thoi khong chnh bien tr
na. Dung ong ho o ta co the o c tan so loc cua cam bien.


`hl . !UYL! `!! l!l `h !_.yi !|i| ii!_.yi l .i_

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10.3.1.2 S o khoi ben trong cua cam bien


10.3.2 X ly d lieu nhan c
Tn hieu nhan c da tren chuan khung truyen a qui nh, ma ta giai ma
ngc lai ra d lieu. Nhng co ieu can chu y la do cam bien tch cc mc thap
nen d lieu b ao pha so vi d lieu c truyen i. D lieu c x ly theo s
o khoi sau.
`hl . !UYL! `!! l!l `h !_.yi !|i| ii!_.yi l .i_

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ung
ung
Sai
Sai
Kiem tra Stop bit
Gi data en AVR AT90S2313 va xuat ra LCD
If data+datacpl=1024 then
For i=0 to 9 do
If bit nhan ve la 0 then
data.i=1
else
data.i=0
end if
next

For i=0 to 9 do
If bit nhan ve la 0 then
datacpl.i=1
else
datacpl.i=0
end if
next
Ch Header (Start bit)





































`hl . !UYL! `!! l!l `h !_.yi !|i| ii!_.yi l .i_

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10.4 S O KHOI TONG QUAT CUA VIEC TRUYEN NHAN D LIEU

ngoai
Ma hoa d lieu
X ly (giai ma)
Tn hieu ieu khien PWM
ong c RC Servo
Chip AVR
Bo nhan tn hieu
hong ngoai
Tnh toan
Bo phat hong
PC
Toa o can en
cua tay may
10.5 KET LUAN
Vi chng nay chung ta a hieu ro them ve viec truyen nhan d lieu bang
song hong ngoai cung nh viec tao cho mnh mot khung truyen d lieu bat ky
phu hp vi yeu cau. Chng tiep theo chung ta se tm hieu viec giai ma ieu
khien mot thiet b nhap kha pho bien hien nay la ban phm AT.
`hl . !UYL! `!! l!l `h !_.yi !|i| ii!_.yi l .i_