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Trng ai hoc Kien Truc thanh pho HCM. Khoa Kien Truc Bo mon Tao hnh ien truc Tai lieu mon hoc chuyen e

Phan tch khu at xay dng

Thi lng: !" tiet #$ tiet %& thu&et ' ( tiet workshop) oi tng: *inh +ien ien truc & hoc th , #hoc & -- na.m --) ieu kien tien uyet: ieu kien hoan tat mon hoc: *inh +ien thc hien /ai tap thu hoach 0at &eu ca1u

!oi dung
Cac hai niem2 +an 0e1 +a ngu & thiet e Khai 3uat Cac %oai thong tin 45 tr6 Boi ca7nh chung 3uanh K6ch thc 8ui hoach a9c 0ie:m t nhien a9c 0ie:m nhan tao ;iao thong Tien nghi &< thuat ha ta1ng a9c 0ie:m giac 3uan Con ngi +a +a.n hoa Kh6 hau =gu & thiet e Bie:u >ie?n thong tin hu 0at @a& >ng Khai 3uat Trnh t Aac 05nh +an 0e1 Thu thap >< %ieu o1 hoa hoa >< %ieu BaCp @ep hnh a7nh Die?n gia7i hnh a7nh B7 >ung phan t6ch /oi ca7nh Cac hnh thc phan t6ch /oi ca7nh hac

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Fhan t6ch /oi ca7nh2 cong +iec nghien cu cac thong *o > an thiet e2 %a huc >ao 0a1u 3uan trong cho nh<ng gia7i phap hp %& cu7a * tan >ung toi u hu 0at @a& >ng2 * 0ap ng tot nhat t * phan hu tren hu 0at cac hoat 0ong +a hong gian trong +a ngoai cong trnh cu7a ngi *7 >ung2 +a phng cach h<u hieu nhat 0e: gi< gn +a nhan manh nh<ng gia tr5 0aCt gia cu7a hu 0at.

"a#c kha#i niem$ %an e %a ngu y# thiet ke


&ha#i ua#t Fhan t6ch /oi ca7nh %a cong +iec nghien cu tie1n thiet e2 chu trong cac 0ie1u ien hien h<u2 *aCp *7a +a co ha7 na.ng >ie?n ra tai +a chung 3uanh hu 0at @a& >ng. Theo mot nghGa nao 0o2 0a& %a * ham pha tat ca7 nh<ng ap %c2 0ong %c +a 0ie1u ien2 +a nh<ng tng tac cu7a chung tren hu 0at ma cong trnh *e< 0c @a& >ng %en. 4ai tro chu7 &eu cu7a +iec phan t6ch /oi ca7nh trong thiet e ch6nh %a no thong tin +e1 hu 0at @a& >ng cho ngi thiet e trc hi /aCt 0a1u phac tha7o2 0e: nh 0o nh<ng & t7ng * hai +e1 cong trnh thiet e co the: ham cha nh<ng ng @7 coH&HnghGa 0en cac 0ie1u ien chung 3uanh. =h<ng +an 0e1 0ie:n hnh +e1 hu 0at @a& >ng 0c 0e1 cap trong +iec phan t6ch /oi ca7nh %a +5 tr6 hu 0at2 6ch thc2 hnh >ang2 0ng 0o1ng mc2 he thong thoat nc ma9t ne1n2 phan hu 3ui hoach +a hoa7ng %ui2 tien nghi &< thuat ha ta1ng2 0a9c 0ie:m no:i /at tren hu 0at #cong trnh2 ca& @anhI)2 giao thong chung 3uanh2 hnh a7nh /ao ca7nh2 ta1m nhn 0en +a t hu 0at +a h6 hau. Ja ngi thiet e2 chung ta ca1n co nh<ng hie:u /iet nhat 05nh +e1 nh<ng +an 0e1 na&2 0e: t 0o thiet e mot cong trnh thanh cong hong chK 0ap ng nh<ng gia tr5 *7 >ung /en trong #cong na.ng) ma con ng @7 tot +i moi trng /en ngoai. 4 raLng cong trnh *e< 0c *7 >ung trong nhie1u na.m2 +iec phan t6ch /oi ca7nh nen t6nh

toan 0en nh<ng 0ie1u ien trong tng %ai cu<ng nh trong thi 0ie:m 0ng thi. Khai niem M/oi ca7nhN ngu & raLng ngi thiet e ca1n 3uan tam 0en nh<ng 0oi ho7i M0an >etN thiet e cu7a mnh +ao ma9t +a7i cu7a nh<ng 0ie1u ien2 ap %c2 ca7n tr72 c hoi hien h<u tai hu 0at @a& >ng. Chung ta pha7i tm cach 0e: tao nen * +a +a9n gi<a mot thanh pha1n mi tren hu 0at #%a cong trnh) +a /a7n than hu 0at. Chung ta co the: %a chon t6nh 0o1ng 0ieu +i mot +ai 0ie1u ien cu7a hu 0at ma chung ta muon %u gi<2 ton tao2 huech trng. Chung ta cu<ng co the: 3u&et 05nh mot *o 0ie1u ien hu 0at nhat 05nh nao 0o ca1n 0c tha& 0o:i2 pha /o72 che %ap2 0o:i >ang hoa9c mang mot hnh thc mi. Du chung ta 0ang co gaCng Mhoa nhapN ha& M0oi %apN +i hu 0at2 chung ta ca1n gi< *u& nghG @u&en *uot raLng muc 06ch %a 0e: tao nen mot 0o1 an thanh cong. "a#c loai thong tin Cac %oai thong tin thu thap 0c cho +iec phan t6ch hu 0at @a& >ng c /a7n %a * ham pha cac 0ie1u ien cu7a hu 0at hien h<u +a trong tng %ai. Chung ta cha 3uan tam 0en gia7i phap thiet e 0ap tra7 hu 0at trong giai 0oan na&2 ma ca1n tm ra tat ca7 nh<ng g co the: +e1 hu 0at. Chung ta 0a9t trong tam +ao thong tin thc te. Thong tin +e1 hu 0at *e< %uon /ao go1m ca7 >< %ieu cng +a me1m. D< %ieu cng thng %ien 3uan 0en cac &eu to t nhien cu7a cu7a hu 0at +a hong ch5u chi phoi t * 0anh gia chu7 3uan. D< %ieu cng noi chung *e< %a +5 tr6 hu 0at2 6ch thc2 0ng 0o1ng mc2 0a9c 0ie:m tren ma9t 0at +a h6 hau. D< %ieu me1m co the: /ao go1m nh<ng 0anh gia t ph6a thc hien +iec phan t6ch hu 0at. Chung chu7 &eu %ien 3uan 0en nh<ng &eu to +e1 con ngi +a * ca7m nhan tai hu 0at2 hong 0c 05nh %ng ma pha7n anh 3uan 0ie:m +e1 0a9c 0ie:m hien h<u +a nh<ng 0a9c trng co %i hoa9c /at %i cu7a mot *o gia tr5 hu 0at cu the:. C /a7n2 >< %ieu me1m /ao ham cac ta1m nhn tot +a @au t hu 0at2 cac hng tiep can tot nhat 0en hu 0at +e1 ma9t ta1m nhn2 nguo1n o nhie?m +e1 mui +a mc 0o a7nh h7ng2 cac hoat 0ong hien thi cu7a con ngi tai hu 0at +a t6nh chat cu7a chung #*an chi thng nhat2 0ie:m tu tap cho nh<ng ngi that

nghiep2 hoi ch2 * ien 05a phng)2 cac nguo1n o1n +a mc 0o a7nh h7ng. Ca1n %u & %a nh<ng thong tin co t6nh 0anh gia chu7 3uan pha7i %uon 0e: m7 hi 0c chu&e:n ta7i +ao thiet e +a thng %a nh<ng 0ie:m co the: thng %ng nhat hi thiet e to:ng 3uan cho hu 0at. '( t) 0c @ac 05nh t /a7n 0o1 +ung +a thanh pho cho tha& * %ien he cu7a hu 0at +i to:ng the: thanh pho. Ba7n 0o1 thanh pho cu<ng ca1n cho tha& hoa7ng cach +a thi gian >i chu&e:n 0en cac hu +c chc na.ng tai cac hu +c hac trong thanh pho. *oi ca+nh chung uanh cho tha& nh<ng 0a9c 0ie:m %ie1n e1 0en hoa7ng /a 0en /on hoi cong trnh t 0ng /ao hu 0at @a& >ng. Bao ca7nh co the: tra7i rong hn 0e: the: hien 0c nh<ng &eu to ga& a7nh h7ng hoa9c tu& theo 3u& mo cu7a 0o1 an. Hnh +e< co the: cho tha& nh<ng chc na.ng2 cong trnh2 0a9c 0ie:m hien h<u %a?n > ien co the: tac 0ong 0en 0o1 an. &ch th#c %a gi#i han uy hoach trnh /a& tat ca7 cac thong *o %ien 3uan 0en 6ch thc hu 0at trong 0o /ao go1m 0ng /ao2 +5 tr6 +a 6ch thc cac 0ng giao thong tren hu 0at2 cac gii han 3u& hoach -onin# classi.ications # hoa7ng %ui2 gii han chie1u cao2 hnh thc 0au @e2 chc na.ng *7 >ung cho phep +.+.) +a >ien t6ch cho phep @a& >ng #*au hi 0a< tr 0i cac hoa7ng %ui +a giao thong). =h<ng phan t6ch cu<ng nen 0e1 cap 0a9c 0ie:m hien h<u %a?n ha7 na.ng trong tng %ai2 nh<ng > 05nh +e1 m7 rong 0ng giao thong cu7a thanh pho2 ha& nh<ng @u hng nao hac co the: a7nh h7ng 0en 0o1 an trong tng %ai. Tnh ,ha#, ly# 0e1 cap 0en cac 0a9c 0ie:m phap %& +e1 /at 0ong *a7n2 cac +a.n /a7n tho7a thuan +a nh<ng rang /uoc2 3u&e1n *7 h<u hien thi2 pham +i 3u&e1n han thc thi #thanh pho hoa9c 3uoc gia) +a /at & e hoach nao trong tng %ai co the: a7nh h7ng 0en 0o1 an #thong tin nh %a hu 0at @a& >ng thuoc >ien t6ch 0at *e< 0c thanh pho tai thiet hoa9c naLm trong gii han m7 rong cu7a mot trng 0ai hoc).

a-c ie.m t nhien /ao go1m cac 0ng 0o1ng mc2 0ng thoat nc ma2 %oai 0at +a cng 0o2 ca& @anh2 ma9t nc2 go 0o1iI a-c ie.m nhan tao %iet e cac 0ie1u ien tren hu 0at @a& >ng nh %a cong trnh ien truc2 tng @a&2 0ng @e cha&2 /o +Ka2 g chaCn2 hong nc cu ho7a2 tru 0ien +a hnh thc %at ne1n +Ka he. a9c 0ie:m ngoai hu 0at co the: /ao go1m nh<ng 0a9c 0ie:m @a& >ng chung 3uanh nh %a hnh thc mai2 hnh thc c7a ma9t 0ng2 hoa7ng %ui2 +at %ieu2 mau *aCc2 hoa7ng m72 truc th5 giac2 hnh thc %at ma9t 0ng2 +at %ieu +a ie:u cach cu7a nh<ng thiet e ca7nh 3uan2 /e1 ma9t tng2 +a cac 0a9c 0ie:m ha& chi tiet trang tr6 hac. /iao thong 0c the: hien cho tha& tat ca7 0ng @e c gii +a %oi 0i /o tren +a chung 3uanh hu 0at. D< %ieu /ao go1m thong tin +e1 hoa7ng thi gian +a %u %ng cao 0ie:m2 cac tram >ng @e /u&t2 cac canh tiep can hu 0at2 %oi tiep can @e phuc +u2 %oi @e hong thng >ung #0ng @e cu ho7a2 0ng @e phuc +u %aCp >ng *an hau ngoai triI)2 ma& moc thiet /5 ngoai tri. Fhan t6ch giao thong nen @et ti cac e hoach cu7a tng %ai. Tien nghi ky0 thuat ha tang %ien 3uan 0en hnh thc2 cong *uat +a +5 tr6 cu7a tat ca7 &< thuat ha ta1ng tren2 e can +a ga1n hu 0at @a& >ng. =h<ng tien nghi &< thuat noi chung go1m co 0ien2 #as2 cong thoat nc /a:n2 nc *ach2 +a 0ien thoai. Khi cac tien nghi &< thuat naLm cach @a hu 0at th cac 6ch thc ca1n 0c cung cap. Cac thong *o 6ch thc cu<ng ca1n ghi chu +e1 chie1u chon *au neu chung naLm trong %ong 0at2 +at %ieu +a 0ng 6nh cac 0ng ong. a-c ie.m gia#c uan >a?n ra cac tai %ieu +e1 cac ma9t th5 giac2 th6nh giac2 @uc giac2 hu giac cu7a hu 0at @a& >ng. cac +an 0e1 c /a7n %a ta1m nhn 0en +a t hu 0at2 +a tieng o1n phat *inh chung 3uanh hu 0at. Khi 0c 0o 0ac +e1 %oai hnh2 thi gian2 cng 0o +a chat %ng #co %i +a /at %i) th nh<ng 0a9c 0ie:m giac 3uan 0c >a?n chng co gia tr5 hn. =h 0a< 0c noi 7 tren2 muc na& thng 0oi ho7i nh<ng 0anh gia +e1 * 0oi ho7i tng @ng cac 0ie1u ien giac 3uan hac nhau tren +a chung 3uanh hu 0at.

"on ngi %a %a1n ho#a /ao go1m nghien cu +e1 hu +c /ao 3uanh +e1 ma9t +a.n hoa2 tam %& hoc2 cac h6a canh +e1 hanh +i +a @a< hoi hoc. Muc na& hac +i muc MBoi ca7nh chung 3uanhN 7 tren2 7 cho? %a2 muc 7 tren 0a ra cac 0a9c 0ie:m +at chat2 trong hi muc na& %ien 3uan 0en cac hoat 0ong2 moi %ien he &h hau trnh /a& tat ca7 cac 0ie1u ien h6 hau cu the: +e1 %ng ma2 0o a:m +a * hac /iet nhiet 0o gi<a cac thang trong na.m. Muc na& cu<ng /ao go1m hng gio chu7 0ao2 0ng 0i ma9t tri2 cac goc ma9t tri phng 0ng tha& 0o:i trong na.m +a cac hie:m hoa thien nhien co the: @a7& ra nh /a<o2 gio %oc2 0ong 0at. Thong tin 3uan trong hong chK naLm 7 cac 0ie1u ien h6 hau tha& 0o:i nh the nao trong na.m 0ie:n hnh2 ma con 7 nh<ng 0ie1u ien h6 hau ti han #%ng ma trong nga& %n nhat2 cng 0o gio manh 0Knh 0ie:m). 2am y# t)ong thiet ke =hom thiet e nen tha7o %uan +e1 * a7nh h7ng cu7a nh<ng phan t6ch /oi ca7nh 0e: phan /iet cac %c tac 0ong 0en thiet e %a cong na.ng +a 0a9c 0ie:m /oi ca7nh trong +iec /o tr6 cac hong gian cong trnh +a nh<ng hoat 0ong tren hu 0at. Oeu ca1u +e1 cong na.ng mang hu&nh hng noi et cac hong gian mat thiet +i nhau theo . Boi ca7nh2 trai %ai2 mong muon cac hong gian phan tan ra nhie1u +5 tr6 hac nhau tng th6ch cac 0ie1u ien hu 0at. Theo cong na.ng2 * hap >a?n %a gi<a nh<ng hong gian. Aet 0en /oi ca7nh hu 0at2 * hap >a?n %a gi<a nh<ng hong gian +a cac 0ie1u ien /en ngoai tai hu 0at. Trong +an 0e1 cu7a thiet e2 hai &eu ca1u na& #+a nh<ng &eu ca1u hac) thng 0a 0a:& cac hong gian cho 0en hi chung 0c 05nh +5 *au cung theo nhiem +u thiet e. Chung thc * 0oi choi nhau hi 3u&et 05nh hnh hoi ien truc. Di 0a& cho tha& mot *o tnh huong +6 >u ma hong gian ha& hoat 0ong 0c /o tr6 ch5u tac 0ong /7i cac moi %ien he /en ngoai +i /oi ca7nh. Cac hoat 0ong 0oi ho7i hoa9c mong muon co ta1m nhn ra ngoai. Cac hoat 0ong nen 0c /o tr6 @a nguo1n o1n.

Cac hoat 0ong nen %ien he cha9t che< +i mang 0ng 0i /o tren hu 0at. =h<ng chc na.ng ca1n co %oi cho @e c gii /oc >< hang hoa. Joi +ao cong trnh 0c /o tr6 %ien he +i hng tiep can ch6nh. Fhan +ung cho? 0au @e hong ga& ca7n tr7 ta1m nhn 0en cong trnh. Cac hoat 0ong ca1n tranh naCng chieu trc tiep. Cac hoat 0ong ca1n anh *ang ma9t tri trc tiep. =h<ng chc na.ng ca1n 0c /ao che cach %& hu +c hoat 0ong cao. Cac hoat 0ong ca1n %oi tiep can trc tiep cho @e c gii. B hoa hp hnh thc cong trnh +ao hnh a7nh /oi ca7nh @ung 3uanh. Moi %ien he gi<a nh<ng cong na.ng +i hnh thc hnh hoc +a 3u& mo cong trnh hien h<u. Cac hong gian 0oi ho7i * ie:m *oat 0oc %ap moi trng /en ngoai. Cac %& >o cho +iec /o tr6 cong trnh tai mot hu +c cu the: tren hu 0at @a& >ng co the: /ao go1m cng 0o ch5u %c cu7a ne1n 0at2 05a hnh 0e: gia7m thie:u +iec 0ao %ap trong 3ua trnh thi cong2 go 0o1i 0e: tan >ung u 0ie:m cu7a ta1m nhn +a gio2 %oi giao thong ha& cac goc 0ng 0e: 0a7m /a7o ta1m nhn tot 0en cong trnh2 cac %oi cho phep tiep can phuc +u thuan tien2 cac hiem hu&et cu7a hu 0at # hiem hu&et hien trang hoa9c >o 3ua trnh thi cong ga& ra) 0a< ga& ra * ca7n tr7 mot *o gia tr5 ca1n 0c /a7o to1n #ca& @anh) hoa9c cac 0ie1u ien /at %i cu the: #ta1m nhn @au ha& tieng o1n).

Ca1n nh raLng thiet e hu 0at +a cong trnh +a * /o tr6 hong gian co the: /ao ham nh<ng +an 0e1 ma9t caCt %a?n +an 0e1 ma9t /aLng. Moi %ien he cac ta1ng +i 0ng 0o1ng mc2 cac chie1u cao cu7a hong gian +e1 ma9t ta1m nhn2 +iec giat /ac cac hong gian theo trie1n 0o1i +a * cho1ng ta1ng cac hong gian @et 0en ta1m nhn +a 6ch thc cac thanh pha1n chung 3uanh %a mot +ai trong *o nh<ng %& >o ha7 >G 0e: nghien cu +iec phan hu cac hang muc cong trnh tren hu 0at tren ma9t caCt %a?n ma9t /aLng. 4ai tro cu7a +iec phan t6ch /oi ca7nh nh %a tac nhan 6ch th6ch & t7ng %a thc 3uan trong cho mot thiet e thau 0ao. =o giup haPng 05nh raLng nh<ng & t7ng thiet e trong 0a1u chung ta co mot * hp %& 0c h7i @uat t nh<ng +an 0e1 cu7a 0o1 an2 nh<ng 0ie1u ien +a nhu ca1u ch hong he1 0c *inh ra +a ap 0a9t mot cach tu& tien. Ba7n than * phan t6ch /oi ca7nh *e< hong /ao gi hnh thanh nen gia7i phap thiet e. Qat thong thng chung ta nha1m %a?n tin raLng chK hi nao chung ta phan t6ch 0u7 %au th chung ta *e< co 0c gia7i phap. ie1u na& *e< chaPng /ao gi @a7& ra.

*ie.u die3n 45ieu ta+6 thong tin khu at xay dng


&ha#i ua#t 4iec /ie:u >ie?n thong tin phan t6ch /oi ca7nh co the: *7 >ung /at & mot he thong /a7n +e< thong thng nao. Chung ta co the: the: hien 0o1 hoa cac thong tin hu 0at >i hnh a7nh ma9t /aLng2 ma9t caCt2 ma9t 0ng2 phoi ca7nh2 hnh chieu truc 0o ha& /at c hnh thc nao hac ma chung ta co the: ap >ung. Thong thng co hai thanh pha1n cho /at & hnh a7nh thong tin hu 0at @a& >ng nao. Th nhat2 chung ta pha7i co mot /a7n +e< 3u& chieu cu7a hu 0at 0e: 0a ra /oi ca7nh cho nh<ng thong tin hu 0at cu the: ma chung ta muon the: hien. Th hai2 chung ta pha7i /ie:u >ie?n ch6nh thong tin hu 0at. Ba7n +e< 3u& chieu co the: %a mot ma9t /aLng 0n gia7n cho tha& gii han hu 0at +i cac truc 0ng ranh gii ha& %a mot ma9t caCt 3ua hu 0at chK cho tha&

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ma9t 0at t nhien. Chung ta *7 >ung nh<ng /a7n +e< hu 0at 0n gia7n 0o %am c *7 0e: tren 0o the: hien cac thong tin. Co hai phng cach hac nhau chung ta co the: ap >ung 0e: trnh /a& thong tin %en /a7n +e< 3u& chieu. Cach thc nhat2 chung ta co the: goi %a cach to:ng hp ha& t6ch hp >o chung ta co gaCng /ie:u >ie?n cang nhie1u cang tot cac +an 0e1 hac nhau cu7a hu 0at tren mot /a7n +e< 3u& chieu. =h +a&2 cac %oai thong tin hu 0at hac nhau cho1ng %en nhau2 0e: t 0o chung ta co the: >e? >ang @em cac moi %ien he gi<a nh<ng thong tin hn. Trong cach thc na&2 chung ta ca1n %u & tranh 0e: /a7n +e< tr7 nen nhap nhaLng +a roi raCm +a cho tha& thong tin 3uan trong nhat 0c the: hien ro< manh nhat. Cach thc th hai tach mo?i thong tin hu 0at ra tng /a7n +e< 3u& chieu hac nhau. Cach thc na& chu trong * the: hien mo?i thong tin rieng re< 0e: mot cach >e? hie:u nhat. Khi @em @et tng thong tin rieng 0oc %ap nhau2 chung ta *e< tranh 0e: *ot thong tin. Tu& tnh huong th6ch hp2 ca7 hai cach hoan toan co the: 0c ap >ung trong mot /ai phan t6ch /oi ca7nh. Co /on /c cot %o<i 0e: /ie?u >ie?n thong tin hu 0at. Chung ta pha7i co thiet e /an 0a1u cho hnh thc /ie:u >ie?n2 chKnh *7a +a 0n gia7n hoa no2 nhan manh +a %am ro< & nghGa /aLng cach he thong +a hnh thc nhan manh2 +a cuoi cung trnh /a& /at c ghi chu +a 0e1 ta nao ca1n thiet. Fhan t6ch /oi ca7nh co the: 0c ap >ung cho cac trng hp hac nhau +e1 3u& mo +a th6ch hp cho ca7 0o1 an ngoai that %a?n noi that. Chung ta co the: phan t6ch mot +ung2 mot thanh pho2 mot tie:u hu2 mot hu 0at2 mot noi that cu7a cong trKnh hien h<u ha& noi that cu7a mot hong gian noi that hien h<u. Fha1n trnh /a& tiep theo >i 0a& chu7 &eu >anh cho +iec phan t6ch mot hu 0at @a& >ng rieng %e7. Mot *o %u & hac cho +iec phan t6ch /oi ca7nh hong gian noi that *e< 0c 0e1 cap trong muc MCac hnh thc phan t6ch /oi ca7nh hac.N T)7nh t 8a#c (nh %an e

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Thu tha, d0 lieu o hoa ho#a d0 lieu 9a:, xe, h7nh a+nh ;ie3n gia+i h7nh a+nh 9+ dung ,han tch <oi ca+nh "a#c h7nh th#c ,han tch <oi ca+nh kha#c

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