TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI

VIN IN T VIN THNG

BO CO BI TP LN MN
THNG TIN V TUYN
Tn ti:

SO SNH HIU NNG GIA HAI H THNG HNG I

M/M/1/ V M/D/1/

Ging vin hng dn:

PGS.TS Nguyn Hu Thanh
Vin in t Vin thng BKHN
Sinh vin thc hin :
1.Tng Thin V
2.Phm Tun Anh
Lp KSTN-TVT-K55

H Ni, thng 11/2013

KSTN-TVT-K55

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

Bo co bi tp ln mn C s truyn s liu

So snh hiu nng gia hai h thng hng i

M/M/1 v M/D/1

Ging vin: PGS-TS Nguyn Hu Thanh

Vin in T Vin Thng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni

Sinh vin thc hin:

1. Tng Thin V

(MSSV: 20102788)

2. Phm Tun Anh (MSSV: 20101111)

Lp KSTN-TVT-K55

H Ni thng 11-2013
2|Page

KSTN-TVT-K55

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

Mc lc
I.

I.

Gii thiu chung:

1.Gii thiu ti:

2.Cng c s dng:

L thuyt chung v h thng hng i:

1. Khi nim chung v H thng phc v (Service System) v h thng hng i
a. H thng phc v: Service System

6
6
6

b. H thng hng i.

2. M hnh hng i v k hiu Kendall:

a. M hnh hng i:

b. K hiu Kendall:

3. H thng ng v nh l Little

II.

a, H thng ng

b, nh l Little

10

Tnh ton so snh hiu nng hai h thng hng i M/M/1 v M/D/1 trn l thuyt:

11

1.M/M/1:

11

a.H thng hng i n M/M/1:

11

b.Tnh ton nh gi hiu nng H thng M/M/1:

2.M/D/1:

11
12

a, H thng hng i n M/D/1/:

12

b, nh gi hiu nng hng i M/D/1/

12

3.So snh tham s hai h thng:

13

a, Cc tham s:

13

b, th ph thuc N, Nq, T, Tq vo :

13

IV.M phng hai h thng hng i n trn phn mm Network Simulation (NS2):

17

1.Phng n m phng trn NS2:

17

a.S tng quan m phng:

17

b.Thut ton tnh N, Nq, T, Tq:

19

2.Kt qu m phng:

20

a.Thi gian m phng l 2s:

20

b. Thi gian m phng l 200s:

22

3. di hng i l 10

3|Page

24

KSTN-TVT-K55

4.So snh kt qu m phng c v S liu tnh ton thc t.

V. Ph lc:

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

26
27

Ph lc 1. Ti liu tham kho.

27

Ph lc 2. Code Otcl cho NS2. File nh km bo co.

27

4|Page

KSTN-TVT-K55

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

I. Gii thiu chung:

1.Gii thiu ti:
Tn ti:
So snh hiu nng gia hai h thng hng i M/M/1/ v M/D/1/
Mc tiu ti l so snh hiu nng gia hai h thng hng i n M/M/1 v M/D/1 vi cc thng
s nh s yu cu trung bnh nm trong h thng N, s yu cu trung bnh nm trong hng i, thi
gian trung bnh mt yu cu nm trong h thng T cng nh nm trong hng i Tq.
Lm quen v s dng phn mm Network Simulation (NS2), ngn ng Otcl lp trnh v
m phng hai h thng trn, so snh kt qu m phng c vi s liu tnh ton l thuyt.
2.Cng c s dng:
Network Simulation (NS2): M phng hai h thng hng i v so snh vi kt qu thc t.
Matlab: H tr tnh ton v v th trc quan.

5|Page

KSTN-TVT-K55

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

L thuyt chung v h thng hng i:

I.

1. Khi nim chung v H thng phc v (Service System) v h thng hng i

a. H thng phc v: Service System
H thng phc v l h thng tip nhn yu cu, x l v a yu cu ra khi h thng.
Mt s v d v h thng phc v nh:

H thng mng di ng GSM: tip nhn phc v cc cuc gi.

H thng Mng Internet: tip nhn phc v cc gi tin.

H thng thanh ton trong siu th: Tip nhn, phc v khch hng.

b. H thng hng i.
H thng phc v l mt khi nim rt tru tng, nh gi hiu nng ca h thng phc
v mt cch nh tnh ngi ta phi m hnh ha h thng .
M hnh ha H thng phc v thnh H THNG HNG I.
2. M hnh hng i v k hiu Kendall:
a. M hnh hng i:
C th m hnh ha mt H thng phc v thnh mt hng i n (s tm hiu phn sau) hoc
mt mng hng i (Khng tm hiu trong bo co ny).

Hnh v. M hnh hng i n tng qut.

6|Page

KSTN-TVT-K55

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

Tin trnh ti - Arival Process:

Tin trnh yu cu i vo h thng, gm c nhng tham s nh:

- Tc ti trung bnh (yu cu/n v thi gian).
- Phn b xc sut ca yu cu ti: v d nh phn b Poisson, phn b xc nh vi l hng s.

Hng i:

Gm cc tham s nh:
- Chiu di hng i: L
- Th t phc v:
+ FIFO: First In First Out Yu cu i vo trc s c phc v trc. C th hnh dung
bng v d thanh ton tin trong Siu th, khch hng n trc s c phc v trc, n sau s
c phc v sau ngi n trc.
+ LIFO: Last In First Out Yu cu vo sau s c phc v trc. V d in hnh nh
ngn xp stack.
+ Round Robin:
+ Priority Queue:
+ SIRO (Search in Random Order)

Trm phc v - Server:

Gm cc tham s nh:
- Tc phc v trung bnh ca 1 Server: (yu cu/n v thi gian)
- Phn b xc sut ca tin trnh phc v
- S server C.
b. K hiu Kendall:
c t mt h thng hng i n, ngi ta s dng k hiu Kendall. K hiu Kendall c
dng tng qut nh sau:
[A]/[S]/[C]/[K]/[P]/[D].
Trong :
- [A]: Phn phi xc sut ca tin trnh ti
7|Page

KSTN-TVT-K55

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

VD in hnh thng gp:

+ M: Phn b Markov (Poisson).
+ D: Determitistic tin trnh vi xc nh l hng s
+ G: Generic Tin trnh ti bt k.
- [S]: Tin trnh phc v:
Tng t vi [A] Tin trnh ti, cng c mt s dng thng gp nh M, D, G ..
- [C]: S sever trong h thng hng i n.
- [K]: Dung lng ti a ca h thng, tc l s yu cu ti a c th nm trong h thng.
K = L + C;
Trong : L l di hng i, C l s Server.
Nu trong k hiu khng nhc n K th n c mc nh l v cng.
- [P]: S ngun pht vo h thng.
- [D]: Th t phc v Hng i. Mc nh l FIFO.
V d:
-

Vi h thng hng i n nh sau

S c k hiu l: M/M/3/8/1/FIFO. Vit rt gn: M/M/3/8.

-

Hai h thng hng i n s c tm hiu trong bi tp ln ny:

8|Page

KSTN-TVT-K55

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

Hnh v. K hiu: M/M/1

Hnh v. K hiu: M/D/1

3. H thng ng v nh l Little
a, H thng ng
Xt mt h thng phc v c:

Hnh v. Biu din mt h thng phc v.

A(t) : S yu cu i vo h thng cho ti thi im t, A(0) = 0

D(t) : S yu cu i ra khi h thng cho ti thi im t, D(0) = 0

N(t) : S yu cu nm trong h thng ti thi im t, N(0) = 0

9|Page

KSTN-TVT-K55

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

=> Cc h thng ng l cc h thng tha mn :

A(t) = D(t) + N(t)
Ngha l: Trong h thng ng, n khng t sn sinh ra cc yu cu m cc yu cu c lu li v
ra khi h thng
b, nh l Little
Xt mt h thng ng, gi:
-

N : s yu cu trung bnh nm trong h thng

T : thi gian trung bnh 1 yu cu nm trong h thng

: tc ti trung bnh

Ta c biu thc lin h sau:

N =.T

10 | P a g e

KSTN-TVT-K55

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

Tnh ton so snh hiu nng hai h thng hng i M/M/1 v M/D/1 trn l thuyt:

II.

1.M/M/1:
a.H thng hng i n M/M/1:
H thng hng i M/M/1/ ang xt c:
-

Tin trnh ti l tin trnh Poisson: tham s = 120 (gi/s)

Tin trnh phc v l tin trnh Poison.
Ti ca h thng : = 0.9
Hng i c mt sever
Chiu di hng i l v hn

Hnh v. S h thng M/M/1

b.Tnh ton nh gi hiu nng H thng M/M/1:

i vi hng i M/M/1/

+ Tc phc v ca server tun theo phn b Poison vi tham s

=> =

120

133,33.
0,9

+ S yu cu trung bnh trong h thng : N

N=

0,9
= 9.
1 0,9

+ S yu cu trung bnh trong hng i : Nq

Nq =

0,9 2
2
=
= 8,1.
1 0,9
1

+ Thi gian trung bnh 1 yu cu phi i trong hng i : Tq

Tq =

1
1
. Nq =
. 8.1 = 0,0675 ( s )
120

+ Thi gian trung bnh ca mt yu cu trong h thng T

11 | P a g e

KSTN-TVT-K55

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

T=

1
1
.N =
. 9 = 0,075 ( s )
120

2.M/D/1:
a, H thng hng i n M/D/1/:

H thng hng i M/D/1/ ang xt c:

Tin trnh ti l tin trnh Poisson: tham s = 120 (gi/s)
Tin trnh phc v phc v cc gi vi thi gian phc v c nh
Ti ca h thng : = 0.9
Hng i c mt sever
Chiu di hng i l v hn

Hnh v. S h thng M/D/1

b, nh gi hiu nng hng i M/D/1/

+ Tc phc v ca server c nh

=> =

120
133.33 (gi/s)
=
0.9

+ S gi trung bnh trong h thng : N

N=

.(2 )
2.(1 )

0.9.(2 0.9)
= 4.95 (gi)
2.(1 0.9)

+ S gi trung bnh trong hng i : Nq

Nq = N - =

4.95 - 0.9 = 4.05 (gi)

+ Thi gian trung bnh 1 gi phi i trong hng i : Tq

Tq =

Nq =

1
. 4.05 = 0.03375 ( s )
120

+ Thi gian trung bnh ca mt gi trong h thng : T

12 | P a g e

KSTN-TVT-K55

T=

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

. N =

1
. 4,95 = 0,04125 ( s )
120

3.So snh tham s hai h thng:

a, Cc tham s:

N
Nq
T
Tq

M/M/1
9 yu cu
8.1 yu cu
0.075 s
0.0675 s

M/D/1
4,45 yu cu
4,05 yu cu
0.04125 s
0.3375

b, th ph thuc N, Nq, T, Tq vo :

S yu cu trong h thng N ph thuc vo :

+ Hng i M/M/1/ : N =
+ Hng i M/D/1/

:N=

.(2 )
2.(1 )

Hnh v. th s ph thuc s yu cu trong h thng N ph thuc vo

13 | P a g e

KSTN-TVT-K55

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

S yu cu nm trong hng i Nq:

+ Hng i M/M/1/ : Nq =
+ Hng i M/D/1/ : Nq =

2
1

2
2.(1 )

Hnh v. th ph thuc ca thi gian trung bnh nm trong Hng i ca mt yu cu ph thuc

vo ti.

14 | P a g e

KSTN-TVT-K55

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

Thi gian trung bnh mt yu cu nm trong h thng T:

+ Hng i M/M/1/ : T =
+ Hng i M/D/1/ :

T=

1
.
50 1

1 .(2 )
.
50 2.(1 )

Hnh v. th s ph thuc thi gian trung bnh T ca mt yu cu nm trong h thng ph thuc

ti.

15 | P a g e

KSTN-TVT-K55

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

Thi gian trung bnh mt yu cu nm trong hng i Tq:

+ Hng i M/M/1/ : Tq =

1 2
.
50 1

+ Hng i M/D/1/ : Tq =

1
2
.
50 2.(1 )

Hnh v. th s ph thuc thi gian trung bnh Tq ca mt yu cu nm trong hng i ph

thuc ti.
Nhn xt :
+ Da vo cc th v trn ta nhn thy cc ng mu hng (hng i M/D/1/ ) tin n
tim cn nhanh hn so vi cc ng mu xanh (hng i M/M/1/ ). Cng gn gii hn = 1 th thi
gian lu li h thng( hay hng i) cng di ,s gi trung bnh trong h thng( hay hng i) cng ln .
+ Trong hng i M/M/1/ thi gian lu li h thng ( hay hng i) ca 1 gi cng nh s
gi trung bnh lu li trong h thng ( hay hng i) bao gi cng ln hn so vi trong hng i M/D/1/
+ Khi cng nh ( tc phc v ca server tng ) th thi gian lu li trong hng i ca 1
gi tin v 0 .
16 | P a g e

KSTN-TVT-K55

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

IV.M phng hai h thng hng i n trn phn mm Network Simulation (NS2):
1.Phng n m phng trn NS2:
a.S tng quan m phng:

Hnh v. S m phng trong NS2

m phng hai hng i trong NS2, chng em dng 2 Node c lin kit vi nhau (linked) bng
mtng truyn (Link) vi tc ng truyn l 100kbps v tr trn ng truyn l 100ms. Gi
tin i vo hng i vi chiu di L = 1000000, di hng i c thit lp ln n 1000000
m bo c mi trng m phng gn vi yu cu bi l . Nhng s kin xy ra trong thi
gian m phng c in trc tip ra tracefile, sau mt s thut ton c s dng tnh ton ra
nhng tham s cn thit.
M t chi tit hn v h thng, c th tham kho thm code trong phn ph lc.

17 | P a g e

KSTN-TVT-K55

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

b.Thut ton tnh N, Nq, T, Tq:

Hnh v. Thut ton tnh thi gian yu cu trung bnh trong hng i

Hnh v. Thut ton tnh s gi tin trung bnh nm trong hng i.

18 | P a g e

KSTN-TVT-K55

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

Hnh v. Thut ton tnh thi gian trung bnh mt yu cu nm trong h thng.

Hnh v. Thut ton tnh s yu cu trung bnh trong h thng.

19 | P a g e

KSTN-TVT-K55

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

2.Kt qu m phng:
a.Thi gian m phng l 2s:

*M/M/1: th thi gian tr ca tng gi tin (c v bng Xgraph trong NS2):

th biu din s ph thuc ca s yu cu trong hng i theo thi gian c v bng Xgraph tron NS2

20 | P a g e

KSTN-TVT-K55

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

*M/D/1: th thi gian tr ca tng gi tin (c v bng Xgraph trong NS2):

th biu din s ph thuc ca s yu cu trong hng i theo thi gian c v bng Xgraph
tron NS2.

21 | P a g e

KSTN-TVT-K55

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

b. Thi gian m phng l 200s:

*.M/M/1: th thi gian tr ca tng gi tin:

th

22 | P a g e

biu

din

yu

cu

nm

trong

Hng

ph

thuc

thi

gian:

KSTN-TVT-K55

*.M/D/1: th thi gian tr ca tng gi tin:

th biu din s yu cu nm trong Hng i ph thuc thi gian:

23 | P a g e

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

KSTN-TVT-K55

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

3. di hng i l 10
a. M phng trong 2s:
Vi c hai hng i u khng c hin tng mt gi.
b.M phng trong 200s:
Tc mt gi = s gi tin b mt thi im ang xt /khong thi gian.
Vi h thng MM1:

24 | P a g e

KSTN-TVT-K55

Vi h thng MD1:

25 | P a g e

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

KSTN-TVT-K55

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/

4.So snh kt qu m phng c v S liu tnh ton thc t.

Sau khi thc hin m phng vi qung thi gian l 2s, 200s. Nhn thy kt qu m phng sai
lch ln so vi kt qu tnh ton. Sau khi kim tra tnh ng n ca thut ton trong cc file .awk
th chng em quyt nh tng thi gian m phng ln theo nhiu mc, v nhn thy rng khi thi
gian cng tng ln, kt qu m phng cng tin gn n kt qu tnh ton l thuyt.
Bng s liu m phng c ca nhm chng em trong nhng qung thi gian khc nhau:
MM1

MD1

Times
2s
40s
200s
5000s
10000s
2s
40s
200s
5000s
10000s

N
1.83838
6.22222

2.43434
5.4444

Nq
1.67478
5.71933
7.42775
8.39694
8.33668
1.92459
4.9605
6.11256
4.58143
4.57920

T
0.0190208
0.0537502
0.0664387
0.0750939
0.074564
0.0225649
0.0446119
0.0539883
0.0424771
0.0424571

So snh vi kt qu thc t:
N
Nq
T
Tq

26 | P a g e

M/M/1
9 yu cu
8.1 yu cu
0.075 s
0.0675 s

M/D/1
4,45 yu cu
4,05 yu cu
0.04125 s
0.03376 s

Tq
0.0120961
0.0461702
0.059011
0.0675541
0.067026
0.0145972
0.0372277
0.0464587
0.0349566
0.0349368

KSTN-TVT-K55

V. Ph lc:
Ph lc 1. Ti liu tham kho.

Introduction to Network Simulator

Teerawat Issariyakun & Ekram hossain

Network by Example

Jae Chung & Mark Cleypool

http://nile.wpi.edu/NS/

NS Simulator for Beginers

Eitan Altman & Tania

Ph lc 2. Code Otcl cho NS2. File nh km bo co.

27 | P a g e

M/M/1/ vs M/D/1/