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CHNG II PHNG PHP P PHUN V KT CU KHUN I.

MY P PHUN

1. Cu to chung: My p phun gm c cc h thng c bn nh trong hnh v:

1.1. H thng h tr p phun: L h thng gip vn hnh my p phun. H thng ny gm 4 h thng con: - Thn my. - H thng in - H thng thy lc - H thng lm ngui 1.1.1. Thn my: Lin kt c h thng trn my li vi nhau. 1.1.2. H thng thu lc: Cung cp lc ng v m khun, tao ra v duy tr lc kp, lm cho trc vt quay v chuyn ng ti lui, to lc cho cht y v s trt ca li mt bn. H thng ny bao gm bm, van, motor, h thng ng, thng cha nhin liu
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H thng thy lc 1.1.3. H thng in: Cp ngun cho motor in v h thng iu khin nhit cho khoang cha vt liu nh cac bng nhit v m bo s an ton in cho ngi vn hnh my bng cc cng tc. H thng ny gm t in v h thng dy dn.

H thng in
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1.1.4. H thng lm ngui: Cung cp nc hay dung dch ethyleneglycol lm ngui khun, du thy lc v ngn khng cho nha th cung phu b nng chy. V khi nha cung phu b nng chy th phn nha th pha trn kh chy vo khoang cha liu. Nhit trao i cho du thy lc vo khong 90 F. B iu khin nhit nc cung cp mt lng nhit, p sut, dng chy thch hp lm ngui nha nng trong khun.

H thng lm mt 1.1.5. H thng phun: H thng phun lm nhim v a nha vo khun thng qua cc qu trnh cp nha, nn, kh kh, lm chy do nha, phun nha lng v nh hnh sn phm.

H thng phun H thng ny gm cc b phn. - Phu cp nhit: cha vt liu nh dng vin cp vo khoang trn - Khoang cha liu: Cha nha v vt trn di chuyn qua li bn trong n. Khoang trn c gia nhit nh cc bng cp nhit. Nhit xung quanh khoang cha liu cung cp t 20 n 30% nhit cn thit lm chy lng vt liu nha. - Cc bng gia nhit: Gip duy tr nhit khoang cha liu nha bn trong khoang lun trng thi chy do. Thng thng, trn mt my p nha c th c nhiu bng gia nhit c ci t vi cc nhit khc nhau to ra cc vng nhit thch hp cho qu trnh p phun. - Trc vt: C chc nng nn, lm chy do v to p lc y nha chy do vo lng khun. Trc vt c cu to gm 3 vng c minh ha trong hnh v:

Cu to trc vt - B hi t h: B phn ny gm cng chn hnh nm, u trc vt v seat. Chc nng ca no l to ra dng nha bn vo khun. Khi trc vt li v th vng chn hnh nm di chuyn v hng vi phun v cho php nha chy v pha trc u trc vt. Cn khitrc vt di chuyn v pha trc th vng chn hnh nm s di chuyn v hng phu ng kn vi seat khng cho nha chy ngc v pha sau.

B hi t m hay van hi t m - Vi phun: C chc nng ni khoang trn vi cung phun v phi c hnh dng m bo bt kn khoang trn va khun. Nhit vi phun nn c ci t ln hn hoc bng nhit chy ca vt liu. Trong qu trnh phun nha lng vo khun, vi phun phi thng hng vi bc cung phun v u vi phun nn c lp
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kn vi phn lm ca bc cung phun thng qua vng nh v m bo nha khng b phun ra ngoi v trnh mt p.

V tr vi phun trong h thng phun 1.1.6.H thng kp:

H thng kp
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H thng kp c chc nng ng, m khun, to lc kp gi khun trong qu trnh lm ngui v y sn phm thot ra khi khun khi kt thc mt chu k p phun. H thng ny gm cc b phn: - Cm y ca my: Gm xylanh thy lc, tm y v cn y. Chng c chc nng to ra lc y tc ng vo tm y trn khun y sn phm ri khi khun. - Cm km: Thng c hai loi chnh, l loi dng cho c cu khuu v loi dng cc xylanh thy lc. H thng ny c chc nng cung cp lc ng m khun v lc gi khun ng trong sut qu trnh phun. - Tm di ng: L mt tm thp ln c b mt c nhiu l thng vi tm di ng ca khun. Chnh nh cc l thng ny m cn y c th tc ng lc vo tm y trn khun. Ngoi ra, trn tm di ng cn c cc l trn ren kp tm di ng ca khun. Tm ny di chuyn ti lui dc theo 4 thanh ni trong sut qu trnh p phun.

Tm di ng v v tr ca n trn my p phun
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- Tm c nh: Cng l mt tm thp ln c nhiu l thng vi tm c nh ca khun. Ngoi 4 l dn hng v cc l c ren kp tm c nh ca khun tng t nh tm di ng, tm c nh cn c thm l vng nh v nh v tm c nh ca khun v m bo s thng hng gia cn y v cm phun ( vi phun v bc cung phun)

Tm c nh v vi tr ca n trn my p phun - Nhng thanh ni: C kh nng co gin chng li p sut phun khi km to lc. Ngoi ra chng cn c tc dng dn hng cho tm di ng. 1.1.7. H thng iu khin: H thng iu khin gip ngi vn hnh my theo di v iu chnh cc thng s gia cng nh: nhit , p sut, tc phun, vn tc v v tr ca trc vt, v tr ca cc b phn trong h thng thy lc. Qu trnh iu khin c nh hng trc tip
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n cht lng sau cng ca sn phm v hiu qu kinh t ca qu trnh. H thng iu khin giao tip vi ngi vn hnh my qua bng nt iu khin v mn hnh my tnh. - Mn hnh my tnh: Cho php nhp cc thng s gia cng, trnh by cc gi liu ca qu trnh p phun, cng nh cc tn hiu bo ng v c thng ip. - Bng iu khin: Gm cac cng tc v cc nt nhn dng vn hnh my. Mt bn iu khin in hnh gm c: Nt nhn iu khin bm thy lc, nt nhn tt ngun in hy dng khn cp v cc cng tc iu khin bng tay. Bn trong h thng iu khin l b vi x l cc rle, cng tc hnh trnh, cc b phn iu khin nhit , p sut, thi gian 2. Qui trnh cng ngh: Nguyn cng 1: Chun b vt liu: - Bc 1:Chuyn vt liu dng khi, tm sang dng ht. S dng my nghin nhm nghin nh vt liu. Ht cng nh th kh nng phn b cng u hn. - Bc 2: Trn vt liu: S dng my khuy, my trn truc vt to ra s chuyn ng tng i gia cc ht trong vt liu nhm pha trn u. - Bc 3: Lm do v nhuyn ha vt liu: Vt liu c trn u v sy kh bc gia cng trc c lm nng chy, sau n c lm nhuyn v to th thng nht. - Bc 4: To ht cho vt liu: Vt liu c to thnh bng 2 phng php: To ht nng v ngui. To ht nng c lp them u n nhiu l. Vt liu qua u n c ct thnh nhng kch thc nht nh qua khoang cha lm ngui v c lm ngui bng nc hoc khng kh. To ht ngui bng nc th c em i sy kh ri ng gi. Nguyn cng 2: Qu trnh c phun nha: Vt liu cht do c cho vo phu nh hng v cp liu trn xilanh ca my i vo rnh trc vt trong xilanh. Do chuyn ng quay ca trc vt lm cho vt liu c vn chuyn ln pha vi phun. Trong sut qu
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trnh , vt liu c cp nhit t thnh xilanh do cc nhn t cung cp nh hi nng, in tr. Nguyn cng 3: Qu trnh c phun gi p sut p nha v lm mt: Lng vt liu cn thit in y khoang to hnh ca khun c tp trung khoang trng trc trc vt. Trong qu trnh in y khun, trc vt thc hin chuyn ng dc trc v pha trc, p lc tng y khi vt liu nng chy qua vi phun vo khun. Giai on tng p ngay khi vt liu in y vo khun. Trong giai on ny di p lc t ngoi mt lng nh vt liu c thm vo lng khun v p lc tng theo chiu dc khun. Khi vt liu ngui gy ra hin tng co ngt v p lc khun gim xung. p lc cc im khc nhau dc theo khun khng ng u p lc trong khun, giai on ny ph thuc vo p lc do piston c phun truyn cho v ph thuc vo kt cu ca my. Kt cu ca my c phun c nh hng n c trng thay i p lc trong khun. c trng thay i p lc dc theo khun ph thuc vo dy khoang nh hnh ca khun. B dy tng th cng d truyn lc. Tc lm ngui cng ln, nht ca vt liu cng tng, gim vic truyn p lc. c trng ca truyn p lc vt liu ph thuc nhiu vo nhit ca vt liu. Nhit ca v chy ca vt liu tng to thun li cho vic truyn p lc, khi nhit gim lm cho vic truyn p lc gp kh khn. Nguyn cng 4:Qu trnh sau khi lm mt v m khun. Trong giai on ny p lc trong khun nh hn so vi giai on tng p sut. Thay i p lc trong giai on ny c quyt nh bi tc lm ngui. Tc lm ngui sn phm quyt nh i lng ng sut d xut hin trong qu trnh chy, ng thi nh hng n s hnh thnh ng sut mi. Nguyn cng 5: Qu trnh kh bavia v lm sch sn phm: Khi sn phm c a ra khi khun th qu trnh ct bavia v lm sch sn phm c thc hin. Tip l qu trnh kim tra cc khuyt tt nh r co, nt.

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II. TNG QUAN V KHUN P PHUN: Mt thit k c bt u khi nh thit k nhn c bn v hay mu sn phm. Cc thng s c bn lc ny s l : My gia cng thuc lai no? C bao nhiu long khun trong mt khun? Loi nha dng cho sn phm? Nhn thy rng cc thng tin ny thc s quan trng nhng chng ta cn lu ti cc vn sau : 1. Cc tnh cht ca nha lm sn phm . 2. S lng sn phm cn sn xut l bao nhiu ta c th tnh ton s B tui th ca khun . 3. Chu k p ht bao nhiu thi gian. 4. Ni sn phm s dng v sn phm dng vo vic g? 5. Dung sai lp gp ca sn phm (nu c ). 6. co rt ca nha lm sn phm . 7. Gc thot khun bao nhiu th ph hp. 8. Loi h thng no l ph hp, knh dn ngui hay knh dn nng hay c hai loi 9. V tr ming phun ,dng chy ,ng dn ,ni li sn phm. 10.Kch thc ca ming phun . 11.Trn khun c khc ha hoa vn hay k t g khng? 12.Cc chi tit thay th cho khun khi cn thit. 13.Cc thng s ca my p phun, kch c, kch thc u phun, cng sut lm do. 14.Tnh t ng ha ca my. 15.Thi gian hon thnh. 16.Gi thnh. Ngoi cc vn trn nh thit k cng cn phi tip nhn thm mt s thng tin t pha khch hng c mt thit k tha mn nhu cu khch.

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1. GII THIU CU TRC MT B KHUN:

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2. CHN LOI KHUN THIT K: 2.1. Khun hai tm: 2.1.1. Khun hai tm c knh dn ngui: Khun hai tm l loi khun n gin nht. So vi khun hai ba tm th gi khun hai tm r hn v chu k p phun ngn hn. i vi khun hai tm c mt lng khun th khng cn n knh dn nha v nha s in y trc tip vo khun thng qua bc cung phun. i vi khun hai tm c nhiu lng khun th ta nn quan tm nhiu n vic thit k knh dn v ming phun sao cho nha c th in y vo cc lng khun cng lc (vn cn bng dng chy ca nha). Trc khi bt u thit k khun loi ny ta nn dng mt mu phn tch th trn phn mm tm ra v tr t ming phun thch hp nht. Khi xt thy v tr cc ming phun c th t thng hng vi cc lng khun th vic dng khun hai tm l thch hp.

Khun hai tm c knh dn ngui V vn cn bng dng v i hi cc ming phun phi c b tr thng hng vi cc lng khun m vic thit k khun hai tm c nhiu lng khun gp nhiu hn ch i vi mt s loi nha nht nh. Do khc phc nhc im ny ngi ta dng n khun ba tm hoc khun hai tm c knh dn nng.

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Kt cu khun hai tm c nhiu lng khun. 2.1.2. Khun hai tm c knh dn nng: Khun hai tm dng knh dn nng lun gi cho nha chy trong bc cung phun, knh dn v ming phun nha ch ng c khi n chy vo lng khun. Khi khun m ra th ch c sn phm (i khi c knh dn ngui) c ly ra ngoi. Khi khun ng li th nha trong cc knh dn vn nng v tip tc in y vo lng khun mt cch trc tip. Knh dn trong khun c th bao gm c knh dn ngui v knh dn nng.

Kt cu khun hai tm c knh dn nng. i vi loi khun ny, cc ming phun phi c v tr trung tm ca Cc lng khun. iu ny c ngha l cc knh dn phi c t xa mt Phn khun. Nhng iu ny khng gy bt k tr ngi no cho vic thit k. Loi khun ny cng ph hp vi khun c nhiu lng khun vi kch thc nh hay nhng khun m h thng knh dn phc tp v ph nhiu vt liu. - u im :
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+ Tit kim vt liu. + Khng c vt ca ming phun trn sn phm. + Gim thi gian chu k. + iu khin c s in y v dng chy ca nha. - Nhc im : + Gi thnh cao hn khun hai tm c knh dn ngui. + Kh i mu vt liu + H thng iu khin nhit d b hng. + Khng thch hp vi nhng vt liu chu nhit km. 2.2. Khun ba tm: So vi khun hai tm thi h thng knh dn ca khun ba tm c t trn tm th hai song song vi mt phn khun chnh. Chnh nh tm th hai ny m knh dn v cung phun c th ri ra khi sn phm khi khun t m (t ct ui keo).

Kt cu khun ba tm. Khun ba tm c s dng khi m ton b h thng knh dn khng th t trn cng mt phng nh khun hai tm. iu ny c th l do: > Khun c nhiu lng khun. > Khun c mt lng khun nhng phc tp nn cn hn mt vi tr phun nha. > Kh khn trong vic chn ra mt vi tr phun thch hp khc.
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> V phi cn bang dng nha gia cc knh dn vi nhau nn buc phi thit k knh dn khng nm trn mt phan khun. im c trng ca khun ba tm l t ct ui keo.

Khun ba tm. u im : + Gi thnh thp hn so vi khun hai tm c knh dn nng. + t b hng hc hn khun c knh dn nng. + C th ph hp vi nhng vt liu chiu nhit km. Nhc im : + Chu k p phun tng do hnh trinh ca ng nha in y lng khun di. + Lng ph nhiu vt liu. + Cn p sut phun ln in y. 3. TNH GI KHUN: Sau khi chn c loi khun cho thit k, iu quan trng l ngi thit k phi a ra mt gi khun ph hp cho khch hng. Thng thng gi khun c tnh bi ngi thit k hay ngi chuyn bo gi ca b phn kinh doanh. Khi bo gi thng da vo kinh nghim v gi ca loi khun c thit k trc . Ngoi ra, ngi bo gi cng c th da vo tnh phc tp hay tnh mi l ca sn phm bo gi. Mc ch cui cng ca vic bo gi l a ra mt gi hp l v c tnh cnh tranh trn thi trng. Do ngi bo gi v ngi thit k cn Phi hiu r loi khun s c lm v h thc s
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phi n khp vi nhau trnh trng hp bo gi qu cao hay qu thp. Tuy nhin m s khch hng tnh s b gi khun trc khi h t hng v th gi khun cng c th c nh ngay thi in t hng . 4. THIT K LNG KHUN: 4.1. S lng khun: Ta c th cn nhc chn s lng khun ph hp vi cc thng tin sau : Kch thc my p phun( nng sut phun ln nht v lc kp ln nht). Thi gian dao hng. Yu cu v cht lng sn phm. Kt cu v kch thc khun. Gi thnh khun. S lng khun thng thng c thit k theo dy s sau :2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, 64, 96, 128. V cc lng khun s d dn c sp xp theo hnh ch nht hoc hnh trn. Thng thng ta c th tnh s lng khun cn thit trn khun da vo: S long sn phm, nng sut phun v nng sut lm do ca my phun, lc kp khun ca my. S lng khun tnh theo s lng sn phm trong n t hng : n = L x K x tc / ( 24 x 3600 x tm) Trong : n : S lng khun ti thiu trn khun. L : S sn phm trong mt l sn xut. K : H s do ph phm, K=1/(1-k). Vi k l t l ph phm. tc : Thi gian ca mt chu k p phun (s). tm: Thi gian hon tt l sn phm ny.(ngy) S lng khun tnh theo nng sut phun ca p phun : n = 0,8xS/W Trong : n : S lng khun ti thiu trn khun. S : Nng sut phun ca my(gam/mtlnphun). W : Trng long ca sn phm (g). S lng khun tnh theo nng sut lm do ca my :
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n = P/(X x W). Trong : n : S lng khun ti thiu trn khun. P : Nng sut lm do ca my (g/pht). X : Nn s phun trong 1 pht (1/pht). W : Trng lng ca sn phm (g). S lng khun tnh theo lc kp khun ca my : n = S x P/ FP Trong : n : S lng khun ti thiu trn khun. S : Din tch b mt trung bnh ca sn phm k c cc rnh dng tnh theo hng ng khun.(mm2) Fp : Lc kp khun ti a ca ca my (N) P : p sut trong khun (Mpa). 4.2. Cch b tr lng khun: Trn thc t, ngi ta thng b tr lng khun theo kinh nghim m khng c bt k s tnh ton hay m phng no. Nhng nu lm nh vy i khi ta gp mt s li trn sn phm, c bit i vi nhng khun c nhng lng khun khc nhau trn cng mt khun v khi y ta phi sa loi khun( iu ny rt tn cng v tn km thi gian v tin bc). Do trnh vic ny xy ra ta nn m phng qu trnh in y ca tng lng khun m khng c h thng knh dn bit chng c in y nh th no. Khi y ta s thit k h thng knh dn to s cn bng dng cho tng lng khun. Khi b tr lng khun ta nn b tr lng khun theo cc cch sau:

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Cc kiu b tr lng khun dng hnh ch nht.

Cc kiu b tr lng khun dng hnh trn v ng thng. 5. THIT K H THNG DN NHA: H thng nha trong khun lm nhim v a nha t vi phun ca my p phun vo cc lng khun. H thng ny gm: cung phun, knh dn v ming phun.Thng thng trong thit k ngi ta thit k knh dn v ming phun trc ri mi n cung phun v kch thc ca cung phun ph thuc vo kch thc knh dn v ming phun.

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H thng dn nha. 5.1. Cung phun (Sprue): Cung phun ni trc tip vi vi phun ca my p phun a nha vo knh dn qua ming phun vo cc lng khun.

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V tr cung phun. u cung phun nn cng nh cng tt nhng vn phi m bo s in y ng u gia cc lng khun vi nhau. Gc cn ca cung phun cn phi ln d thot khun nhng ng knh cung phun th ng qu ln v s lm tng thi gian lm ngui v tn vt liu. Trn thc t ngi ta t gia cng cung phun lin trn khun (tr nhng khun n gin) m ngi ta dng bc cung phun tin gia cng v thay th. Hin ti trn thi trng c 3 loi bc cung phun ph bin c cc ng knh ngoi 12mm,14mm,20mm. Ty thuc vo khi lng tng sn phm, kch thc knh dn v ng knh ca vi phun trn my phun m ta dng loi bc cung phun no cho ph hp.

Bc cung phun trn khun.


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Trn khun, cung phun s c y ri khi khun cng lc vi sn phm. Do cn c mt b phn ko cung phun li trn tm di ng (tm khun c) khi m khun cung phun c th ri khi bc cung phun.Thm vo , ngi thit k c th li dng phn nha gi cung phun lm ui ngui chm (cold slug well) nh m qu trnh in y cc lng khun tt hn. 5.2. Knh dn nha (Runners): Cc knh dn nha l cu ni gia cc ming phun v cung phun. Chng lm nhim v a nha vo cc lng khun.V th khi thit k chng cn phi tun th mt s cc nguyn tc k thut m bo cht lng cho hu ht sn phm. Sau y l mt s nguyn tc m ta cn phi tun th : > Gim n mc ti thiu s thay i tit din knh dn. > Nha knh dn phi thot khun d dng. > Ton b chiu di knh dn nn cng ngn nu c th trnh mt p v mt nhit trong qu trnh in y. > Mt ct knh dn phi ln m bo s in y cho ton b sn phm m khng lm thi gian chu k qu di, tn thm nhiu vt liu v lc kp ln. 5.2.1. Knh dn ngui: A. :Cc loi tit din ngang ca knh dn nha: Knh dn c nhiu dng mt ct ngang khc nhau nhng ph bin l cc loi knh dn c mt ct ngang hnh trn, hnh thang hiu chnh, hnh thang,hnh ch nht v hnh bn nguyt.

Cc loi tit din knh dn nha.


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so snh cc loi knh dn ngi ta dng ch s ng knh thy lc v s cn dng. Khi ng knh cnh ln th s cn dng cng b. Ta c th tnh ng knh thy lc da vo cng thc sau: Dh = 4A/P Vi : Dh : ng knh thy lc. A : Din tch mt ct ngang. P : Chu vi. B. :Kch thc knh dn nha: Vic tnh ton c ng knh v chiu di knh dn hp l l Rt quan trng v khi mt knh dn qu ln hay qu di s lm cn Tr ng v gy tn nhiu vt liu v lm tng thi gian chu k.Do ta nn thit k knh dn nh mc c th c th li dng nhit Ma st trn n gia nhit cho nha lng gip qu trnh in y lng Khun thun li hn v sn phm t b qu nhit. Ngoi ra ta c th tnh ton kch thc knh dn theo cng thc sau : D = W x L /3,7 Trong : D : ng knh knh dn(mm). W : khi lng sn phm (g) L : chiu di knh dn (mm) Hoc : D = D x fL Trong : D : ng knh knh dn tham kho. fL : h s chiu di. 5.2.2. Knh dn nng : Knh dn nng c dng cho nhng sn phm c kch thc ln (v tivi,vi tnh,cc chi tit trn xe hi) hoc mng hoc lm bng loi nha cn c duy tr ti nhit chy do nh: HDPE, LDPE, POM, PBT, PCBn trong knh dn nha s lun c duy tr trng thi chy do m bo sn phm c in y ng b.

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Cc loi h thng knh dn nng. C hai loi knh dn nng: knh dn cch ly v knh dn gia nhit. Knh dn cch ly (insulated runners) : Knh dn cch ly c cu to gm mt lp nha ngui ng vai tr l mt lp cch ly v mt li nha lun c duy tr trng thi chy do nh ng nhit in. Bn trong ng nhit in l cht nhn c th di chuyn ln xung ng ngt dng phun nha. Nh vy, kch thc ming phun ln hay nh s ty thuc vo khe h m cht cho dng nha chy qua.

Hnh 1.13: Knh cch ly. + u im : - D thit k. - Gi thnh r. - Tit kim vt liu do ph liu vt liu. +Nhc im : - Thi gian chu k qu ngn d duy tr trng thi chy do cho nha.
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- Cn thi gian khi ng di n inh nhit chy do. - i khi gp mt s li trong qu trnh in y. - Kh i mu vt liu. Knh dn c gia nhit (heated runners) : Knh dn c gia nhit gm hai lai: loi gia nhit trong v gia nhit ngoi. Knh dn gia nhit ngoi c b gia nhit bao quanh li nha nng. Cn knh dn gia nhit trong th c nha bao quanh cht nng. Tng t nh knh dn cch ly,lu lng phun u c iu khin bi s di chuyn ca cht. 5.2.3. Ming phun cho knh dn ngui: Ming phun l ng kt ni knh dn v lng khun. Ming phun c chc nng rt quan trng l a nha lng in y vo lng khun v th vic tnh ton kch thc v b tr ming phun c ngha quyt inh dn cht lng sn phm.

Ming phun trn khun. 5.2.3.1. Cc loi ming phun ct bn tay: Loi ming phun trc tip thng dng cho cc khun c mt lng khun, ni m vt liu c in y vo lng khun trc tip m khng qua h thng knh dn. Chnh v khng c h thng knh dn nn vic mt p trong qu trnh in y l rt b. Tuy nhin, nhc im ca loi ming phun ny l li vt ct rt ln trn b mt sn phm. S co rt c quyt inh bi b dy sn phm v ng knh. 5.2.3.2. Phn loi ming phun: a) Ming phun bng tay: Ming phun ct bng tay l loi ming phun dnh theo sn phm sau khi p phun. Ta d dng nhn ra cc sn phm nha c ming phun ct bng tay qua
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vt ct cn li trn b mt ca chng. Do , vi loi ming phun ny nn thit k kch thc nh mc c th m bo tnh thm m cho sn phm ming phun. in hnh l s co rt ca phn nha gn ming phun s nh v ti ming phun s ln. iu ny a n hu qa l ng sut cng gn ming phun ln. b) Ming phun kiu bng(Tab gate): Ming phun kiu bng thng c lm gim ng sut trong lng khun v ngn nga li to ui cho cc chi tit phng v mng. ng sut sinh ra trong lng khun s c tp trung bng, m s c ct b sau khi p phun. Ming phun kiu bng ph hp dng cho cc loi nha PC, Acrylic, SAN, ABS,

Ming phun kiu bng v vt ct n li. c) Ming phun cnh (Edge gate): L loi ming phun thng dng, c th dng cho nhiu sn phm bi kt cu rt n gin v khng cn chnh xc cao. Ming phun cnh c t trn mt phn khun v in y lng khun t bn hng, trn hay di. d) Ming Phun kiu gi(Overlap gate): L l ming phun tng t nh ming phun kiu cnh,ch khc nhau ch l ming phun nm lp trn b mt sn phm.

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Ming phun kiu gi. e) Ming phun kiu qut: Ming phun kiu qut thc cht cng l ming phun kiu cnh c b rng b bin i. Ming phun kiu ny cho dng chy m v cho php in y lng khun mt cch nhanh chng nn rt ph hp cho cc sn Phm ln v dy. Thm vo , ming phun kiu qut cng to ra dng chy lan ta nn gip trnh c ng hn ni c b dy mng trn sn phm.

Ming phun kiu qut. Ming phun kiu qut nn c lm cn c b rng ln b dy c mt ct ngang khng thay i. iu ny gip m bo :
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+ Vn tc chy l hng s. + Ton b b rng c dng cho lu lng. + p sut nh nhau qua ton b b rng. 5.2.3.3. Ming phun t ngt: a)Ming phun im( point gate): Ming phun im thng dng cho khun ba tm c nhiu lng khun, hay c kch thc lng khun ln. Khi thit k ming phun im ngi ta th ng dng knh dn c tit din hnh thang hay hnh thang bin i tin vic gia cng v lp cht ko h thng knh dn ming phun ri khi sn phm d dng hn. u im chnh ca ming phun im l gip b tr nhiu ming phun vo cng mt lng khun khi lng khun c kch thc ln. i u ny khin qu trnh in y cc vng khc nhau trn sn phm din ra nhanh chng v tt hn. Tuy nhin, cn lu khun c th bi tng nhit gy qu nhit i vi nhng vt liu c cu trc si di v c nht thp do ming phun c kch thc nh.

Ming phun kiu im. Kch thc khuyn dng cho thit k:

Kch thc thit k ming phun im. b)Ming phun ngm(tunners gate or submarine gate):
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Ming phun ngm thng c dng trong khun 2 tm c nhiu lng khun.Khi thit k sn phm nh v cn ct keo mt bn Ta nn ngh n kiu ming phun ny. C hai loi ming phun ngm :ming phun ngm ng thng v ming phun ngm ng cong. + Ming phun ngm ng thng :

Loi ming phun ngm dng thng. + Ming phun ng cong :

Qu trnh ct ming phun ng cong . c)Ming phun ca knh dn nng: Ming phun loi ny c tiu chun ha cng vi h thng knh dn v cung phun. Do khi cn ta ch vic lin h vi cc nh sn xut v tip thu li khuyn t h c c thit k thch hp. + Kiu khng c van :Ming phun kiu ny s bi ngt khi khun m ra v nha ming phun rt nng. S inh hnh ca sn phm c iu khin bi phn nha ng cng gn ming phun.

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Ming phun khng c van. + Kiu c van : Trong knh dn c thm mt cht, cht ny c tc dng nh mt van c th ng ming phun ngay trc khi nha Gn ming phun ng c. iu ny cho php tng cng kch thc ng knh ming phun ln hn v iu khin qu trnh nh hnh tt hn.

Ming phun kiu c van. 6. H THNG DN HNG: H thng dn gm cht n hng v bc dn hng.

Bc dn hng&Cht dn hng
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6.1. Cht dn hng: - Cht trn khng c vai:

- Cht trn c vai:

6.1.1. Bc dn hng :

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7. H THNG LI MT BN:(H THNG TRT) Sau khi thit k xong mt phn khun cho sn phm,nhiu khi c mt s phn trn sn phm b vng, khng tho c theo hng m khun. Lc ny ta cn phi c mt h thng gi l h thng li mt bn tho ra cc phn b vng y. 7.1. Cc kt cu tho li mt bn nh hng m khun: - Cam cht xin:

Tho li mt bn bng cam cht xin. - Cht c mt cam:

- Cht xin:

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-Cht do :

- Cam chn ch :

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7.2. Tho li bn bng xilanh-pittng: - Kiu c nm kha :

- Kiu kha :

8. H THNG LM NGUI: Nha lng sau khi vo khun phi c lm ngui tht nhanh t c hnh dng m ta mong mun. Nu lm ngui khng tt th nha nng s gia nhit cho khun v th l qu trnh nh hnh s ko di v Lm tng thi gian chu k p phun. Do ,h thng lm ngui khun c vai tr ht sc quan trng v n quyt nh ton b chu k p phun. 8.1. Cc phng php lm ngui : Lm ngui bng kh: khun c lm ngui bng kh nh vo bc x nhit ca thp lm khun ra mi trng xung quanh. L ngui bng nc hoc hn hp Etylen Glycol: y l phng php c dng rng ri nht hin nay.Theo phng php ny, khun c lm ngui nh vo cc knh dn cha cht lm ngui c b tr trong cc tm khun.

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H thng lm ngui. a)Khun c lm ngui bng nc. b)Khun c lm ngui bng hn hp. 8.2. Thit k h thng lm ngui : Cc b phn trong h thng lm ngui:

H thng lm ngui hon chnh. A : B cha (Collectionmanifold). B : Khun (Mold). C:ng phn phi nc hoc hn hp (Supplymanifold). D : Bm (Pump). E : Knh lm ngui (Regularcoolingchannels). F : ng dn (Hoses). G : Vch lm nguOi (Baffels). H : B iu khin nhit (Temperature controllers).

lm

ngui

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9. THIT K H THNG RNH THOT KH TRN MT PHN KHUN: Cc rnh thot kh nn c b tr nhng ch m vt liu c in y sau cng trnh kt khi gy ra cc vt chy hoc sn phm khng c in y hon ton. Chiu su ca rnh thot kh nn tun th theo kch thc khuyn dng trnh sn phm ra l ph phm. 10. H THNG Y: Sau khi sn phm trong khun c lm ngui,khun m ra. Lc ny sn phm vn cn dnh trn ci khun do s ht chn khng nn cn h thng y y sn phm rt ra. 10.1. Cc loi h thng y thng dng: - H thng y dng cht y: Cc cht y c gia cng rt chnh xc v c chn theo tiu chun. Thng thng, cc cht y ch c gia cng chnh xc phn dn Hng v c lp theo h thng trc. cng ca thn cht khong 6065Rc, cng ca u cht khong 3035 Rc.

Cc phn t trong h thng y.

+ Mt s loi cht y :
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- H thng y dng li y: Li y dng y nhng sn phm c thnh mng v hnh dng phc tp. Trong trng hp ny nu ta dng cht y trn s khng hiu qu v s khng lc y, nu c lc y i na th b mt sn phm cng b ln vo.

H thng y dng li y. - H thng y dng ng y: ng y dng y nhng sn phm c dng trn xoay hoc tm mng.

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H thng y dng ng y. - H thng y dng tm tho: Tm tho dng tho nhng sn phm hnh tr trn hay hnh hp ch nht c b dy thnh mng. Khun s dng h thng ny,sn phm khng c vt cht y nn lun m bo tnh thm m cho sn phm. - H thng y dng kh nn : Li khuyn l ta nn dng kh nn kt hp vi tm tho y sn phm ng.

H thng y dng kh nn. 11. H THNG HI : H thng hi c chc nng y tm y li v pha sau v gi c nh tm y trc khi khun ng hon ton. hi tm y v ta c th dng cht hi hoc cht khuu (Toggle-lock).

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11.1. Dng cht hi: - Cht hi c l xo: i khi i vi khun nh n gin ta khng cn dung n l xo.

- Cht hi tiu chun:

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Nguyn l hot ng:

Hnh 1.32:Cht y tiu chun.

Cht hi tiu chun trn khun


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11.2. Dng cht khuu - Cht khuu hnh ch X:

Nguyn l hot ng :

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- Kiu ch Y :

- Kiu ch Z:

12. LM NGUI: ( nh bng khun ) nh bng khun l cng on cui cn trc khi lp rp khun. Vic nh bng khun ht sc quan trng v n quyt nh s thot khun v tnh thm m ca sn phm.

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Mt s dng dc dung trong qu trnh lm ngui: - My mi tay: dung mi th mt ca long khun.

- Cc kiu mi:

- Gia bn ln:

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- Gia nh dng thng:

- Gia nh dng cong, mc:

- Bnh nh bng:

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- mi tay:

- Hp cht cha ht mi:

- Giy nhm v chi qut:

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III. CC KIU KHUN C BN tiu chun ha cc loi khun, ngi ta tnh ton v a chng vo nhng tiu chun nht nh. Do , ty theo loi khun v kch thc khun m cch b tr cc chi tit khun nh cht,bc,bulon s khc nhau. y chng ta s p dng tiu chun FUTABA ca Nht. Theo tiu chun FTABA th khun gm c cc loi sau: - Kiu S: bm keo trc tip. Trong gm c: SA: c tm pha di tm c SB: c thm tm bng li sn phm SC: ging SA,nhng khng c tm SD: ging SB,nhng khngc tm SE,SF: kiu khun dng cho vic ly ui keo bng Robot - Kiu D: bm keo gin tip.Trong gm c cc loi DA, DB, DC, DD, DE, DF, ging kiu S - Ngoi ra cn c cc kiu E, F. nhng chngkhng thng dng nn tm thi khng bn ti y Sau y l v d v 1 s kiu khun thng dng: T1: tm trn (Top Plate) A: tm ci (Cavity Plate) B: tm c (Core Plate) C: gi (Spacer) E: tm y (Ejector Retainer) F: tm gi (Ejector Plate) T2: tm y (Bottom Plate)
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