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BASICS OF ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS

Experiment 12

D-C Power Suppl

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In this experiment, we will assemble and study the performance of a d-c power supply, which consists of a power transformer with a centre-tapped secondary, two rectifier diodes (1N4007), a shunt capacitor filter and a olta!e re!ulator (I" 7#0$)% & '' $( resistor will be used as the load ()) for the power supply, and a 1 resistor will be used for obser in! the diode current wa eform% &s a breadboard can be dama!ed by the heat de eloped due to the relati ely hi!h (*100m&) currents flowin! in different parts of the circuit and the thic+ leads of some of the components, the circuit will be assembled by solderin! the components on a printed circuit board (,"-) desi!ned for this purpose, and leads from the ,"- ta+en to the breadboard for testin!% .he complete circuit dia!ram of the d-c power supply is !i en in /i!% 10%1, and the layout of the ,"-, indicatin! the components to be soldered on the ,"-, is shown in /i!% 10%0% .he assembly will be done step by step as described below, and the assembled circuit tested and studied after e ery step% &s the wa eforms to be obser ed in this experiment are all deri ed from the 1IN2 olta!e, it is con enient to use 1IN2 tri!!erin! throu!hout the experiment, which will eliminate the need to ad3ust the tri!!er le el%

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1N4007

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7#0$

1N4007 1

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1+ Fi$% 12%1 Cir&uit Di'$r'm o( Complete D-C Power Suppl ,ractice


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7umper &
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7umper .r1 (white)


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/rom .rans". former (!reen) 9econdar y .r0 (white)

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80

Fi$% 12%2 PCB L' out o( D-C Power Suppl

1% Note that the ,"- has se eral metallic strips with a number of holes in each, which pro ides a 3unction point for the components and:or wires inserted into the holes and soldered there% -esides the strips re;uired for the actual circuit, two additional strips with many holes ha e been pro ided for you to practise solderin! before startin! to assemble the actual circuit% 2% 9tudy the ,"- layout carefully, and understand how the components are to be placed on the ,"- for assemblin! the circuit% Identify the rectifier output strip, which is the 3unction of the diodes and the capacitors, and the final output point, where the load is to be connected% Note that there are two pairs of wires to be used as 3umpers, one (&) for connectin! the rectifier output to the final output and the other (-) for connectin! the load resistor to the output% )% )eco!nise the primary and secondary windin!s of the transformer, and also the centre tap (".) of the secondary% 5easure the amplitude of the a-c olta!e across each half of the secondary with the ")<% .his !i es the alue of = m for the d-c power supply% 5easure the amplitude of the a-c olta!e across the entire secondary and erify that this alue is 0= m% 5easure the olta!e across each half as well as across the entire secondary with the multimeter used as an a-c oltmeter, and relate these readin!s with the alue of = m% *% 9older the followin! in their appropriate places on the ,"-> (i) three wires from the .)1, ". and .)0 points on the left end of the ,"-, to be connected to the transformer secondary leads brou!ht to the breadboard, (ii) (iii) (iv) the 1 current-sensin! resistor ()'), a 1+ resistor ()1) ser in! as the minimum load on the power supply,

the '' resistor ()0), to be connected by the 3umper - onl +urin$ o,-er.'tion-, ( ) one wire as 7umper & and a pair of wires as 3umper -, and ( i) three wires at the ri!ht end of the ,"- for connectin! these points to the ")<% "% .est the !i en diodes with the multimeter, and solder one of them in the 8 1 position% .his !i es you a half-wa e rectifier% /% ,lace the ,"- on the breadboard with a sheet of paper below the ,"-, and connect the wires from .r1, ". and .r0 on the ,"- to the secondary% 7. <bser e the wa eform of the rectifier output olta!e u% =erify that the pea+ of the output olta!e is almost e;ual to =m% ?se the multimeter as a d-c voltmeter to measure the d-c output olta!e =dc% =erify that =dc @ =m: for a half-wa e rectifier% 8. 9. )emo e the ,"- from the breadboard and solder the second diode in the 8 0 position to obtain a full-wa e rectifier% )epeat steps A and 7and erify that = dc @ 0=m: in this case% 9older the 000/ capacitor in the "1 position% .his !i es an unre!ulated d-c power supply%

10. 8isplay and s+etch the wa eform of the olta!e u and the olta!e ) across the 1 resistor% 5easure the d-c output olta!e = dc as !i en by the multimeter used as a d-c voltmeter and the alues of the pea+-to-pea+ ripple olta!e =r as read by the ")<% 11% "onnect the load resistor to the rectifier output by twisting the jumper wires B together and repeat step 10% &s the load resistor !ets heated up fast when connected to the rectifier output of the rectifier, this connection will be made only when taking the readings % 12% Remove jumper A and solder the re!ulator I" 7#0$ to complete the d-c power supply% 1)% )epeat steps 10 and 11, obser in! the final output olta!e o also, and compare the results with those obtained in steps 10 and 11% 1*% "omment on how the d-c output olta!e = dc, the pea+-to-pea+ ripple olta!e = r and the pea+ diode current as determined from the wa eform of ) chan!ed pro!ressi ely in your obser ations made in steps 10, 11 and 1'%

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