July, 2013

PROGRESS IN PHYSICS

Volume 3

Relations between Distorted and Original Angles in STR

Florentin Smarandache
Arts and Science Division, University of New Mexico, 705 Gurley Ave., Gallup, NM 87301, USA. E-mail: smarand@unm.edu

Using the Oblique-Length Contraction Factor, which is a generalization of Lorentz Contraction Factor, one shows several trigonometric relations between distorted and original angles of a moving object lengths in the Special Theory of Relativity.

1 Introduction The lengths at oblique angle to the motion are contracted with the Oblique-Length Contraction Factor OC (, ), dened as [1-2]: OC (, ) = C ()2 cos2 + sin2 (1) where C () is just Lorentz Factor: C () = Of course 0 OC (, ) 1. (3) The Oblique-Length Contraction Factor is a generalization of Lorentz Contractor C (), because: when = 0, or the length is moving along the motion direction, then OC (, 0) = C (). Similarly OC (, ) = OC (, 2) = C (). (4) Also, if = /2, or the length is perpendicular on the motion direction, then OC (, /2) = 1, i.e. no contraction occurs. Similarly OC (, 32 ) = 1. 2 Tangential relations between distorted acute angles vs. original acute angles of a right triangle Lets consider a right triangle with one of its legs along the Then: motion direction (Fig. 1).
Fig. 2:

tan =

(5) (6)

tan(180 ) = tan =

After contraction of the side AB (and consequently contraction of the oblique side BC ) one gets (Fig. 2):

2 [0, 1] for [0, c]. c2

(2)

tan(180 ) = tan =

= . C ()

(7)

tan(180 ) = tan(180 )

1 C () = . C ( ) tan( ) C ( )

(8)

Therefore tan( ) = and consequently tan( ) = or tan( B ) =

(9)

tan() C ( ) tan( B) C ()

(10)

(11)

Fig. 1:

which is the Angle Distortion Equation, where is the angle formed by a side travelling along the motion direction and another side which is oblique on the motion direction.
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Florentin Smarandache. Relations between Distorted and Original Angles in STR

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July, 2013

The angle is increased (i.e. > ). tan = whence: C () and tan = = (12)

C () tan = = C (). tan

(13)

So we get the following Angle Distortion Equation: tan = tan C () or tan C = tan C C () (14) (15) and similarly
Fig. 4:

where is the angle formed by one side which is perpendicular on the motion direction and the other one is oblique to the motion direction. The angle is decreased (i.e. < ). If the traveling or right triangle is oriented the opposite way (Fig. 3)

C () tan = = C ( ) tan

(21)

tan = tan C ().

(22)

Therefore one got the same Angle Distortion Equations for a right triangle traveling with one of its legs along the motion direction. 3 Tangential relations between distorted angles vs. original angles of a general triangle Lets suppose a general triangle ABC is travelling at speed v along the side BC as in Fig. 5.

Fig. 3:

tan =

and tan = .

(16)

Similarly, after contraction of side AB (and consequently contraction of the oblique side BC ) one gets (Fig. 4) tan = and tan = = C () C () = (17)
Fig. 5:

1 tan C () = = tan C ( ) or tan tan = C ()

The height remains not contracted: AM A M . We can split (18) this gure into two traveling right sub-triangles as in Fig. 6. In the right triangles A M B and respectively A M C one has (19) Also (20)
tan A 1 = tan A1 C () and tan A2 = tan A2 C ().

tan B =

tan C tan B and tan C = . C ( ) C()

(23)

(24)

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PROGRESS IN PHYSICS

Volume 3

Fig. 6: Fig. 8:

4 Other relations between the distorted angles and the original angles 1. Another relation uses the Law of Sine in the triangles ABC and respectively A BC : = = sin A sin B sin C = = . sin A sin B sin C After substituting = C () But tan A = =
tan(A 1 + A2 ) =

(27) (28)

Fig. 7:

(29) (30) (31)

= O C (, C ) tan A 1 1 + tan A 2 tan A tan A 1 2 = O C (, B) into the second relation one gets: C () O C (, C ) O C (, B) = = . sin A sin B sin C sin C sin A = sin B = C () O C (, C ) O C (, B) sin A sin B sin C whence one has: sin A sin A C () = = 2. Another way: sin B sin B O C (, C ) sin C . sin C O C (, B)

tan A1C () + tan A2C () 1 tan A1C () tan A2C () tan A1 + tan A2 1 tan A1 tan A2C ()2

(32)

= C ( )

Then we divide term by term the previous equalities:

tan A1 + tan A2 (1 tan A1 tan A2 ) = C () 1 tan A1 tan A2 1 tan A1 tan A2C ()2 = C ( ) tan(A1 + A2 ) 1 tan A1 tan A2 . 1 1 tan A1 tan A2C ()2

(33)

(34)

1 tan A1 tan A2 tan A = C () tan(A) . 1 tan A1 tan A2C ()2 We got tan A = tan(A) C () 1 tan A1 tan A2 1 tan A1 tan A2C ()2

(25)

A = 180 ( B + C ) and A = 180 (B + C) (35) (26) tan A = = tan[180 ( B + C )] = tan( B + C ) tan B + tan C 1 tan B tan C
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Similarly we can split this Fig. 7 into two traveling right sub-triangles as in Fig. 8.
Florentin Smarandache. Relations between Distorted and Original Angles in STR

Volume 3

PROGRESS IN PHYSICS

July, 2013

= = = = =

tan B tan C + C () C () 1 tan B tan C/C ()2 1 tan B + tan C C () 1 tan B tan C/C ()2 tan( B + C ) 1 tan B tan C C ( ) 1 tan B tan C/C ()2 1 tan B tan C tan[180 ( B + C )] C ( ) 1 tan B tan C/C ()2

1 tan B tan C tan A . C () 1 tan B tan C/C ()2

We got tan A = 1 tan B tan C tan A . C () 1 tan B tan C/C ()2 (36)

Submitted on March 30, 2013 /Accepted on April 2, 2013

References
1. Smarandache F. New Relativistic Paradoxes and Open Questions. Somipress, Fes, 1983. 2. Smarandache F. Oblique-Length Contraction Factor in the Special Theory of Relativity, Progress in Physics, 2013, v. 1, 6062. 3. Einstein A. On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies. Annalen der Physik, 1905, v. 17, 891921. 4. Smarandache F. Absolute Theory of Relativity and Parameterized Special Theory of Relativity and Noninertial Multirelativity. Somipress, Fes, 1982.

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Florentin Smarandache. Relations between Distorted and Original Angles in STR