Pipe Engg - Details

NPS - "Nominal Pipe Size" and DN "Diametre Nominel"
The size of pipes, fittings, flanges and valves are often given in inches as NPS - Nominal
Pipe Size, or in metric units as DN - "Diametre Nominel"
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Pipe is a ubiquitous product in the construction industry. It is made of a wide variety of
materials - galvanized steel, black steel, copper, cast iron, concrete, and various plastics
such as ABS, PVC, CPVC, polyethylene, and polybutylene, among others.
Pipes is identified by "nominal" or "trade" names that are loosely related to actual
dimensions. For instance, a 2-inch galvanized steel pipe has an inside diameter of about 2
1/8 inches and an outside diameter of about 2 5/8 inches. It is called "2-inch pipe" only
for the sake of convenience.
There are the inch pound names for pipe products called NPS or "nominal pipe size" and
their metric equivalents called DN or "diametre nominel". The metric designations
conform to International Standards Organization (ISO) usage and apply to all plumbing,
natural gas, heating oil, and miscellaneous piping used in buildings.
Diameter Nominal Nominal Pipe Size

- DN (mm)
6
8
10
15
20
25
32
40
50
65
80
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1400
1500
1600
1800
2000
2200
- NPS (inches)
1/8
3/8
1
1
1
2
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
36
40
42
48
54
60
64
72
80
88
Calculating Pipes Weight
A weight calculating formula for steel pipes

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If the outside diameter and the wall thickness of a steel pipe is known, the weight per foot
can be expressed as:
m = 10.68 (do - tw) tw
(1)
where
m = weight per foot (lbs/ft)
do = outside diameter (inches)
tw = wall thickness (inches)
Example - Weight of 4" Schedule 40 Steel Pipe

The outside diameter (do) of 4" Schedule 40 Steel Pipe is 4.500 inches. The wall
thickness is 0.237 inches. The weight per foot can be calculated using (1) as:
m = 10.68 ((4.500 in) - (0.237 in)) (0.237 in)
= 10.79 lbs/ft
Commercial Pipe - Properties
Properties of commercial pipe - metric data

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Dimensions and properties of commercial pipes are indicated below.
Nominal
Diameter Schedule
(mm)
10S
3
15
20
25
32
10.3
1.2446
7.811
0.48
0.27
40
10.3
1.7272
6.846
0.37
0.36
XS
80
10.3
2.413
5.474
0.25
0.47
13.7
1.651
10.398
0.85
0.49
Std
40
13.7
2.235
9.23
0.67
0.63
XS
80
13.7
3.023
7.654
0.46
0.79
17.145
1.651
13.843
1.51
0.63
10S
10
Pipe
Weight
(kg/m)
Std
10S
Outside Wall
Inside
Inside
Diameter Thickness Diameter Area
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(cm2)
Std
40
17.145
2.311
12.523
1.23
0.84
XS
80
17.145
3.2
10.745
0.91
1.1
5S
21.336
1.651
18.034
2.55
0.8
10S
21.336
2.108
17.12
2.30
1.0
Std
40
21.336
2.769
15.798
1.96
1.27
XS
80
21.336
3.734
13.868
1.51
1.62
160
21.336
4.75
11.836
1.1
1.94
XXS
21.336
7.468
6.4
0.32
2.55
5S
26.67
1.651
23.368
4.29
1.02
10S
26.67
2.108
22.454
3.96
1.27
Std
40
26.67
2.87
20.93
3.44
1.68
XS
80
26.67
3.912
18.846
2.79
2.19
160
26.67
5.534
15.596
1.91
2.88
XXS
26.67
7.823
11.024
0.95
3.63
5S
33.401
1.651
30.099
7.12
1.29
10S
33.401
2.769
27.863
6.10
2.09
Std
40
33.401
3.378
26.645
5.58
2.49
XS
80
33.401
4.547
24.307
4.64
3.23
160
33.401
6.35
20.701
3.37
4.23
XXS
33.401
9.093
15.215
1.82
5.44
5S
42.164
1.651
38.862
11.86
1.65
10S
42.164
2.769
36.626
10.54
2.68
Std
40
42.164
3.556
35.052
9.65
3.38
XS
80
42.164
4.851
32.462
8.28
4.45
160
40
42.164
6.35
29.464
6.82
5.59
XXS
42.164
9.703
22.758
4.07
7.747
5S
48.26
1.651
44.958
15.88
1.89
10S
48.26
2.769
42.722
14.34
3.1
Std
40
48.26
3.683
40.894
13.13
4.04
XS
80
48.26
5.08
38.1
11.40
5.4
160
48.26
7.137
33.986
9.07
7.22
48.26
10.16
27.94
6.13
9.52
48.26
13.335
21.59
3.66
11.46
48.26
15.875
16.51
2.14
12.65
5S
60.325
1.651
57.023
25.54
2.38
10S
60.325
2.769
54.787
23.58
3.92
XXS
50
Std
40
60.325
3.912
52.501
21.65
5.43
XS
80
60.325
5.537
49.251
19.055
7.46
160
60.325
8.712
42.901
14.46
11.06
60.325
11.074
38.177
11.45
13.42
60.325
14.275
31.775
7.93
16.17
60.325
17.45
25.425
5.08
18.40
5S
73.025
2.108
68.809
37.19
3.68
10S
73.025
3.048
66.929
35.18
5.25
XXS
65
Std
40
73.025
5.156
62.713
30.89
8.61
XS
80
73.025
7.01
59.005
27.34
11.38
160
73.025
9.525
53.975
22.88
14.88
73.025
14.021
44.983
15.89
20.35
73.025
17.145
38.735
11.78
23.56
73.025
20.32
32.385
8.24
26.34
5S
88.9
2.108
84.684
56.32
4.50
10S
88.9
3.048
82.804
53.85
6.44
XXS
80
Std
40
88.9
5.486
77.928
47.70
11.26
XS
80
88.9
7.62
73.66
42.61
15.23
160
88.9
11.1
66.7
34.94
21.24
88.9
15.24
58.42
26.81
27.61
88.9
18.415
52.07
21.29
31.93
88.9
21.59
45.72
16.42
35.74
5S
101.6
2.108
97.384
74.49
5.16
10S
101.6
3.048
95.504
71.64
7.39
XXS
90
Std
40
101.6
5.74
90.12
63.79
13.53
XS
80
101.6
8.077
85.446
57.34
18.58
XXS
101.6
16.154
69.292
37.71
33.95
5S
114.3
2.108
110.084
95.18
5.82
10S
114.3
3.048
108.204
91.96
8.34
114.3
4.775
104.75
86.18
12.86
Std
40
114.3
6.02
102.6
82.13
16.03
XS
80
114.3
8.56
97.18
74.17
22.3
120
114.3
11.1
92.1
66.62
28.2
114.3
12.7
88.9
62.07
31.7
114.3
13.487
87.326
59.89
33.4
114.3
17.12
80.06
50.34
40.9
114.3
20.32
73.66
42.61
47
114.3
23.495
67.31
35.58
52.5
5S
141.3
2.769
135.762
144.76
9.44
10S
141.3
3.404
134.492
142.06
11.5
100
160
XXS
Std
40
141.3
6.553
128.194
129.07
21.7
XS
80
141.3
9.525
122.25
117.38
30.9
120
141.3
12.7
115.9
105.50
40.2
160
141.3
15.875
109.55
94.26
49
141.3
19.05
103.2
83.65
57.3
141.3
22.225
96.85
73.67
65.1
141.3
25.4
90.5
64.33
72.4
5S
168.275
2.769
162.737
208
11.3
10S
168.275
3.404
161.467
204.77
13.8
168.275
5.563
157.149
193.96
22.3
125
XXS
150
Std
40
168.275
7.122
154.051
186.39
28.2
XS
80
168.275
10.973
146.329
168.17
42.5
120
168.275
14.275
139.725
153.33
54.1
160
168.275
18.237
131.801
136.44
67.3
168.275
21.946
124.383
121.51
79
168.275
25.4
117.475
108.39
89.3
168.275
28.575
111.125
96.99
98.2
5S
219.075
2.769
213.537
358.12
14.7
10S
219.075
3.759
211.557
351.52
19.9
219.075
5.563
207.949
339.63
29.2
20
219.075
6.35
206.375
334.51
33.2
30
219.075
7.036
205.003
330.07
36.7
40
219.075
8.179
202.717
322.75
42.4
60
219.075
10.312
198.451
309.31
52.9
XXS
200
Std
XS
80
219.075
12.7
193.675
294.60
64.5
100
219.075
15.062
188.951
280.41
75.6
120
219.075
18.237
182.601
261.88
90.1
140
219.075
20.625
177.825
248.36
100.7
160
219.075
23.012
173.051
235.20
111
219.075
25.4
168.275
222.40
121
219.075
28.575
161.925
205.93
133.9
5S
273.05
3.404
266.242
556.73
22.6
10S
273.05
4.191
264.668
550.17
27.7
273.05
5.563
261.924
538.82
36.6
20
273.05
6.35
260.35
532.36
41.7
30
273.05
7.798
257.454
520.58
50.9
Std
40
273.05
9.271
254.508
508.74
60.1
XS
60
273.05
12.7
247.65
481.69
81.3
80
273.05
15.062
242.926
463.49
95.6
100
273.05
18.237
236.576
439.57
114.3
120
273.05
21.412
230.226
416.29
132.5
273.05
22.225
228.6
410.43
137.1
140
273.05
25.4
222.25
387.95
154.7
160
273.05
28.575
215.9
366.10
171.8
273.05
31.75
209.55
344.88
188.4
273.05
38.1
196.85
304.34
220.2
5S
323.85
3.962
315.926
783.90
31.2
10S
323.85
4.572
314.706
777.86
35.9
20
323.85
6.35
311.15
760.4
49.6
30
323.85
8.382
307.086
740.6
65
323.85
9.525
304.8
729.7
76.6
323.85
10.312
303.226
722.1
79.5
323.85
12.7
298.45
699.6
97.2
60
323.85
14.275
295.3
684.9
108.7
80
323.85
17.45
288.95
655.7
131.5
323.85
19.05
285.75
641.3
142.8
323.85
21.412
271.026
620.3
159.3
323.85
22.225
279.4
613.1
164.9
120
323.85
25.4
273.05
585.6
186.4
140
323.85
28.575
266.7
558.6
207.5
323.85
31.75
260.35
532.4
228.1
323.85
33.325
257.2
519.6
238.1
250
Std
40
XS
300
100
160
5S
355.6
3.962
347.676
949.4
34.3
10S
355.6
4.775
346.05
940.5
41.2
355.6
5.334
344.932
934.5
46
355.6
5.563
344.474
932
47.9
355.6
6.35
342.9
923.5
54.5
355.6
7.137
341.326
915
61.2
355.6
7.925
339.75
906.6
67.8
355.6
8.738
338.124
897.9
74.5
30
355.6
9.525
336.55
889.6
81.1
40
355.6
11.1
333.4
873
94.1
355.6
11.913
331.774
864.5
100.7
355.6
12.7
330.2
856.3
107.1
355.6
15.062
325.476
832
126.2
355.6
15.875
323.85
823.7
132.7
80
355.6
19.05
317.5
791.7
157.7
100
355.6
23.8
308
745.1
194.3
120
355.6
27.762
300.076
707.2
223.9
140
355.6
31.75
292.1
670.1
252.9
160
355.6
35.712
284.176
634.3
281
5S
406.4
4.191
398.018
1244.2
41.5
10S
406.4
4.775
396.85
1236.9
47.2
10
406.4
6.35
393.7
1217.4
62.5
20
406.4
7.925
390.55
1198
77.6
Std
30
406.4
9.525
387.35
1178.4
93
XS
40
406.4
12.7
381
1140.1
123
60
406.4
16.662
373.076
1093.2
159.7
80
406.4
21.441
363.518
1037.9
203
100
406.4
26.187
354.026
984.4
245
120
406.4
30.937
344.526
932.3
285.7
140
406.4
36.5
333.4
873
332.1
160
406.4
40.462
325.476
832
364.2
5S
457.2
4.191
448.818
1582.1
46.7
10S
457.2
4.775
447.65
1573.9
53.1
10
457.2
6.35
444.5
1551.8
70.4
20
457.2
7.925
441.35
1529.9
87.6
457.2
9.525
438.15
1507.8
104.9
457.2
11.1
435
1486.2
121.8
457.2
12.7
431.8
1464.4
138.8
10
20
Std
350
XS
60
400
450
Std
30
XS
40
457.2
14.275
428.65
1443.1
155.5
60
457.2
19.05
419.1
1379.5
205.3
80
457.2
23.8
409.6
1317.7
253.7
100
457.2
29.362
398.476
1247.1
309
120
457.2
34.925
387.35
1178.4
362.7
140
457.2
39.675
377.85
1121.3
407.4
160
457.2
45.237
366.726
1056.3
458.4
5S
508
4.775
498.45
1951.3
59.1
10S
508
5.537
496.926
1939.4
68.4
10
508
6.35
495.3
1926.8
78.3
Std
20
508
9.525
488.95
1877.7
116.8
XS
30
508
12.7
482.6
1829.2
154.7
40
508
15.062
477.876
1793.6
182.6
60
508
20.625
466.75
1711
247.2
508
22.225
463.55
1687.7
265.5
80
508
26.187
455.625
1630.5
310.3
100
508
32.537
442.926
1540.8
380.5
120
508
38.1
431.8
1464.4
440.3
140
508
44.45
419.1
1379.5
506.8
160
508
49.987
408.026
1307.6
563.1
5S
558.8
4.775
549.25
2369.4
65.1
10S
558.8
5.537
547.726
2356.2
75.3
10
558.8
6.35
546.1
2342.3
86.3
Std
20
558.8
9.525
539.75
2288.1
128.7
XS
30
558.8
12.7
533.4
2234.6
170.6
558.8
15.875
527.05
2181.7
212
558.8
19.05
520.7
2129.4
252.9
60
558.8
22.225
514.35
2077.8
293.3
80
558.8
28.575
501.65
1976.5
372.7
100
558.8
34.925
488.95
1877.7
450
120
558.8
41.275
476.25
1781.4
525.4
140
558.8
47.625
463.55
1687.7
598.8
160
558.8
53.975
450.85
1596.5
670.2
10
609.6
6.35
596.9
2798.3
94.2
20
609.6
9.525
590.55
2739.1
140.6
609.6
12.7
584.2
2680.5
186.5
609.6
14.275
581.05
2651.7
209.0
609.6
15.875
577.85
2622.5
231.8
500
550
600
Std
XS
30
40
609.6
17.45
574.7
2594.0
254.1
609.6
19.05
571.5
2565.2
276.7
609.6
5.537
598.526
2813.6
82.3
609.6
22.225
565.15
2508.5
31.1
60
609.6
24.587
560.426
2466.8
353.8
80
609.6
30.937
547.726
2356.2
440.3
100
609.6
38.887
531.826
221.4
545.9
120
609.6
46.025
517.55
2103.7
638
140
609.6
52.375
504.85
2001.8
717.8
160
609.6
59.512
490.576
1890.2
805.2
660.4
6.35
647.7
3294.9
102.2
660.4
7.925
644.55
3262.9
127.2
660.4
9.525
641.35
3230.6
152.5
660.4
12.7
635
3166.9
202.3
660.4
15.875
628.65
3103.9
251.7
660.4
19.05
622.3
3041.5
300.5
660.4
22.225
615.95
2979.8
348.9
660.4
25.4
609.6
2918.6
396.7
660.4
28.575
603.25
2858.2
444.1
711.2
6.35
698.5
3832
110.1
711.2
7.925
695.35
3797.5
137.1
711.2
9.525
692.15
3762.6
164.4
20
711.2
12.7
685.8
3693.9
218.2
30
711.2
15.875
679.45
3625.8
271.5
711.2
19.05
673.1
3558.4
324.3
711.2
22.225
666.75
3491.5
376.6
711.2
25.4
660.4
3425.4
428.4
711.2
28.575
654.05
3359.8
479.8
762
6.35
749.3
4409.6
118.0
762
7.925
746.15
4372.6
147.0
762
9.525
742.95
4335.2
176.3
20
762
12.7
736.6
4261.4
234.1
30
762
15.875
730.25
4188.3
291.3
40
762
19.05
723.9
4115.7
348.1
762
22.225
717.55
4043.9
404.4
762
25.4
711.2
3972.6
460.2
762
28.575
704.85
3902
515.5
812.8
6.35
800.1
5027.8
125.9
5S
10
Std
XS
20
650
10
Std
XS
700
5S
10
Std
XS
750
800
10
812.8
7.925
796.95
4988.3
156.9
812.8
9.525
793.75
4948.3
188.2
20
812.8
12.7
787.4
4869.5
249.9
30
812.8
15.875
781.05
4791.2
311.2
40
812.8
14.475
777.85
4752.1
341.8
812.8
19.05
774.7
4713.7
371.9
812.8
22.225
768.35
4636.7
432.2
812.8
25.4
762
4560.4
491.9
812.8
28.575
755.65
4484.7
551.2
863.6
6.35
850.9
5686.6
133.9
863.6
7.925
847.75
5644.5
166.8
863.6
9.525
844.55
5602.0
200.1
20
863.6
12.7
838.2
5518.1
265.8
30
863.6
15.875
831.85
5434.8
331
40
863.6
17.475
828.65
5393.0
363.7
863.6
19.05
825.5
5352.1
395.7
863.6
22.225
819.15
5270.1
459.9
863.6
25.4
812.8
5188.7
523.6
863.6
28.575
806.45
5107.9
586.9
914.4
6.35
901.7
6385.8
141.8
914.4
7.925
898.55
6341.3
176.7
914.4
9.525
895.35
6296.2
212
20
914.4
12.7
889
6207.2
281.7
30
914.4
15.875
882.65
6118.8
350.8
40
914.4
19.05
876.3
6031.1
419.5
914.4
22.225
869.95
5944.0
487.7
914.4
25.4
863.6
5857.5
555.4
914.4
28.575
857.25
5771.7
622.6
1066.8
6.35
1054.1
8726.8
165.6
1066.8
9.525
1047.75
8622.0
247.7
20
1066.8
12.7
1041.4
8517.8
329.3
30
1066.8
15.875
1035.05
8414.2
410.3
40
1066.8
19.05
1028.7
8311.3
490.9
1066.8
25.4
1016
8107.4
650.6
1066.8
31.75
1003.3
7905.9
808.3
1066.8
38.1
990.6
7707
964
Std
XS
10
Std
XS
850
10
Std
XS
900
Std
XS
1050
Difference between Pipes and Tubes

Pipes and tubes are not the same
Pipes
The purpose with a pipe is the transport of a fluid like water, oil or similar, and the most
import property is the capacity or the inside diameter.
For a ASME/ANSI B 36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe the inside
diameter - ID - of a NPS 2 inches pipe with
schedule 40 is 2.067"
schedule 80 is 1.939"
The inside diameters are close to 2" and the nominal diameter related to the inside
diameter. Outside diameter are 2.375" for both schedules.
Since the outside diameter of a single nominal pipe size is kept constant the inside
diameter of a pipe will depend on the "schedule" or the thickness of the pipe. The
schedule and the actual thickness of a pipe varies with the size of the pipe.
It is common to identify pipes in inches by using NPS or "Nominal Pipe Size". The
metric equivalent is called DN or "diametre nominel". The metric designations conform
to International Standards Organization (ISO) usage and apply to all plumbing, natural
gas, heating oil, and miscellaneous piping used in buildings. The use of NPS does not
conform to American Standard pipe designations where the term NPS means "National
Pipe Thread Straight".
Nominal Bore (NB) may be specified under British standards classifications along with
schedule (wall thickness).
The tolerances are looser to pipes compared with tubes and they are often less expensive
to produce.
Tubes
The nominal dimensions of tubes are based on the outside diameter. If we look at Copper
Tubes - ASTM B88 the outside diameter of a 2" pipe is 2.125", relatively close to 2".
The inside diameter of a tube will depend on the thickness of the tube. The thickness is
often specified as a gauge. If we look at Copper Tubes - ASTM B88 the wall thickness of
0.083"of a 2" pipe is gauge 14.
The tolerances are higher with tubes compared to pipes and tubes are often more
expensive to produce than pipes.
Fiberglass Pipes - Temperature Limits

Temperature range for fiberglass Epoxy, Furan, Phenolic,
Polyester and Vinyl Ester pipes
Sponsored Links
Recommended operational temperature ranges for fiberglass pipes:
Epoxy glass fiber reinforced pipe: -29 to 149 oC (-20 to 300o F)

Vinyl Ester glass fiber reinforced pipe: -29 to 93 oC (-20 to 200 oF)
Furan glass fiber reinforced pipe: -29 to 93 oC (-20 to 200 oF)
Furan carbon fiber reinforced pipe: -29 to 93 oC (-20 to 200 oF)
Phenolic glass fiber reinforced pipe: -29 to 149 oC (-20 to 300 oF)
Polyster glass fiber reinforced pipe: -29 to 93 oC (-20 to 200 oF)
Main Vents
Vents in draining systems protects traps against pressure
differences that could cause them to siphon or blow out
Sponsored Links
Vents protects traps against pressure differences that could cause them to
siphon or blow out, leaving occupants unprotected against smell and potential
contaminants from the sewer system.
Pipe Size
(in)
DFU max.
(in)
1 1/4
1 /1/2
81)
24
2 1/2
48
84
256
1)
No water closets permitted
Nominal Wall Thickness Pipe

Nominal wall thickness seamless and welded carbon and alloy
steel pipes
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Nominal wall thickness for seamless and welded steel pipes according
ANSI B36.10 are indicated in the table below:
Nominal
Schedule
Outside
Pipe Size
20
30
STD 40
Diameter 10
(in)
Wall Thickness (in)
(in)
60
XS
80
100
120
140
160
XXS
1/8
0.405
0.068 0.068
0.095 0.095
1/4
0.540
0.088 0.088
0.119 0.119
3/8
0.675
0.091 0.091
0.126 0.126
1/2
0.840
0.109 0.109
0.147 0.147
0.188 0.294
3/4
1.050
0.113 0.113
0.154 0.154
0.219 0.308
1.315
0.133 0.133
0.179 0.179
0.250 0.358
1 1/4
1.660
0.140 0.140
0.191 0.191
0.250 0.382
1 1/2
1.900
0.145 0.145
0.200 0.200
0.281 0.400
2.375
0.154 0.154
0.218 0.218
0.344 0.436
2 1/2
2.875
0.203 0.203
0.276 0.276
0.375 0.552
3.500
0.216 0.216
0.300 0.300
0.438 0.600
3 1/2
4.000
0.226 0.226
0.318 0.318
4.500
0.237 0.237
0.337 0.337
0.438
0.531 0.674
5.563
0.258 0.258
0.375 0.375
0.500
0.625 0.750
6.625
0.280 0.280
0.432 0.432
0.562
0.719 0.864
8.625
0.250 0.277 0.322 0.322 0.406 0.500 0.500 0.594 0.719 0.812 0.906 0.875
10
10.750
0.250 0.307 0.365 0.365 0.500 0.500 0.594 0.719 0.844 1.000 1.125 1.000
12
12.750
0.250 0.330 0.375 0.406 0.562 0.500 0.688 0.844 1.000 1.125 1.312 1.000
14
14.000
0.250 0.312 0.375 0.375 0.438 0.594 0.500 0.750 0.938 1.094 1.250 1.406
16
16.000
0.250 0.312 0.375 0.375 0.500 0.656 0.500 0.844 1.031 1.219 1.438 1.594
18
18.000 0.250 0.312 0.438 0.375 0.562 0.750 0.500 0.938 1.156 1.375 1.562 1.781
STD - Standard
XS - Extra Strong
XXS - Double Extra Strong
PE Pipes and Dimensions

PE pipe dimensions according European Standards
Polyethylene - PE - is popular and and commonly used material in water pipes. It is
usual to use the PE 50, PEH or PE-HD (polyethylene high density) quality.
PE pipes are produced in different pressure grades - PN grades - indicating the pressure
in bars the pipe can support with water at 20 oC.
The pressure grades available according to European standards are
PN 2.5 - max pressure 2.5 bar

PN 4 - max pressure 4 bar
1 bar = 105 Pa (N/m2) = 0.1 N/mm2 = 10.197 kp/m2 = 10.20 m H2O = 0.9869 atm
= 14.50 psi (lbf/in2) = 106 dyn/cm2 = 750 mmHg
European standards and available PEH pipes:

Outside
Diameter
(mm)
Pressure Rating
PN 2.5
PN 4
PN 6
PN 10
PN 16
16
14.4
Inside Diameter (mm)
20
25
21
20.4
18
32
28
26.2
23.2
40
36
35.4
32.6
29
50
46
44.2
40.8
36.2
63
59.8
58.2
55.8
51.4
45.8
75
71.2
69.2
66.4
61.4
54.4
90
85.6
83
79.8
73.6
65.4
110
104.6
101.6
97.4
90
79.8
125
118.8
115.4
110.8
102.2
90.8
140
133
129.2
124
114.6
101.6
160
152
147.6
141.8
130.8
116.2
180
171.2
166.2
159.6
147.2
130.8
200
190.2
184.6
177.2
163.6
145.4
225
214
207.8
199.2
184
163.4
250
237.6
230.7
221.6
204.6
181.6
280
266.2
258.6
248.2
229.2
203.4
315
299.6
290.8
279.2
257.8
229
355
337.6
327.8
314.8
290.6
258
400
380.4
369.4
354.6
327.4
290.6
450
428
415.6
399
368.2
327
500
475.4
461.8
443.4
409.2
560
532.6
517.2
496.6
458.4
630
599.2
581.8
558.6
515.6
710
675.2
655.6
629.6
800
760.8
738.8
709.4
900
856
831.2
798
1000
951
923.6
887
1200
1141.2
1108.2
1400
1331.4
1293
1600
1521.6
1477.6
Pipe Flanges and Gasket Dimensions

Gasket dimensions for pipe flanges and flange fittings ASME
B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flange Fittings
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Gasket dimensions for ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flange Fittings can be found in the table below.
Gasket Inside Gasket Outside Diameter (OD)
Nominal Pipe
Diameter (ID) (inches)
Size
(inch)
Class 300
Class 400
Class 600
Class 900
1/2
0.84
2.12
2.12
2.12
2.50
3/4
1.06
2.62
2.62
2.62
2.75
1.31
2.88
2.88
2.88
3.12
1 1/4
1.66
3.25
3.25
3.25
3.50
1 1/2
1.91
3.75
3.75
3.75
3.88
2.38
4.38
4.38
4.38
5.62
2 1/2
2.88
5.12
5.12
5.12
6.50
3.50
5.88
5.88
5.88
6.62
4.50
7.12
7.00
7.62
8.12
5.56
8.50
8.38
9.50
9.75
6.62
9.88
9.75
10.50
11.38
8.62
12.12
12.00
12.62
14.12
10
10.75
14.25
14.12
15.75
17.12
12
12.75
16.62
16.50
18.00
19.62
The ASME B16.5 - 1996 Pipe Flanges and Flange Fittings standard covers pressuretemperature ratings, materials, dimensions, tolerances, marking, testing, and methods of
designating openings for pipe flanges and flanged fittings.
The standard includes flanges with rating class designations 150, 300, 400, 600, 900,
1500, and 2500 in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 24, with requirements given in both metric
and U.S units. The Standard is limited to flanges and flanged fittings made from cast or
forged materials, and blind flanges and certain reducing flanges made from cast, forged,
or plate materials. Also included in this Standard are requirements and recommendations
regarding flange bolting, flange gaskets, and flange joints.
Pipe Formulas
Pipe and Tube Equations - moment of inertia, section modulus,
traverse metal area, external pipe surface and traverse
internal area - imperial units
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Online Pipe Formula Calculator

4.5
outside diameter (in)
4.026
inside diameter (in) - (default values: STD 4 inches - Carbon, Alloy and
Stainless Steel Pipes - ASME/ANSI B36.10/19
The calculator is based on the piping formulas and equations below:
Moment of Inertia
Moment of inertia can be expressed as
I = 0.0491 (do4 - di4)
(1)
where
I = moment of inertia (in4)
do = outside diameter (in)
di = inside diameter (in)
Section Modulus
Section modulus can be expressed as
Z = 0.0982 (do4 - di4) / do
(2)
where
Z = section modulus (in3)
Transverse Metal Area

Transverse metal area can be expressed as
Am = (do2 - di2) / 4
where
(3)
Am = transverse metal area (in2)
External Pipe Surface

External pipe or tube surface per ft of length can be expressed as
Ao = do / 12
(4)
where
Ao = external pipe surface area (ft2 per ft pipe)
Internal Pipe Surface

Internal pipe or tube surface per ft of length can be expressed as
Ai = di / 12
(5)
where
Ai = internal pipe surface area (ft2 per ft pipe)
Transverse Internal Area

Transverse internal area can be expressed as
Aa = 0.7854 di2
(6)
where
Aa = transverse internal area (in2)
Circumference External
External circumference can be expressed as
Ce = d o
(7)
where
Ce = external circumference (in)
Circumference Internal
Internal circumference can be expressed as
Ci = d i
(8)
where
Ci = internal circumference (in)
Suction Flow Velocities of Water

Recommended water flow velocity on suction side of pump
Sponsored Links
Capacity problem, cavitation and high power consumption in a pump, is
often the result of the conditions on the suction side. In general - a rule of thumb - is to
keep the suction fluid flow speed below the following values:
Pipe bore
Water
inches
mm
m/s
ft/s
25
0.5
1.5
50
0.5
1.6
75
0.5
1.7
100
0.55
1.8
150
0.6
200
0.75
2.5
10
250
0.9
12
300
1.4
4.5
More about NPSH suction problems can be read here:
Cavitations and NPSH An introduction to cavitations and Net Positive Suction

Head, NPSH.
Pipes and Tubes - Temperature

Expansion
Pipes expands when heated and contracts when cooled. The
expansion of the pipes can be expressed with the
expansion formula
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The temperature expansion of pipes depends on the start and final
temperature of the pipe and the expansion coefficient of the piping material at the actual
temperature. The general expansion formula can be expressed as:
dl = Lo dt
(1)
where
dl = expansion (m, inch)
Lo = length of pipe (m, inch)
dt = temperature difference (oC, oF)
= linear expansion coefficient (m/moK, inch/inchoF)
Mean expansion coefficient may vary with temperature as:
Mean Expansion Coefficient - - (10-6 inch/inch oF)
Temperature Range (oF)
Material
32 212
32 400
32 600
32 750
32 900
32 1100
Alloy Steel
(1% Cr. 1/2% 7.7
Mo)
8.0
8.4
8.8
9.2
9.6
9.8
Mild Steel
7.1
(0.1 - 0.2% C)
7.8
8.3
8.7
9.0
9.5
9.7
Stainless Steel
(18% Cr. 8% 10.8
Ni)
11.1
11.5
11.8
12.1
12.4
12.6
- 32
32 1300
12.8
Formula (1) can also be used with SI units. The expansion coefficient must be adjusted to
o
C.
T(oC) = 5/9[T(oF) - 32]

1 in (inch) = 25.4 mm
1 ft (foot) = 0.3048 m
Expansion coefficients for some common materials
Example - Thermal Expansion of Heated Alloy Steel

100 feet of alloy steel pipe is heated from 32 to 212oF. The expansion coefficient is 8 10-6
(inch/inchoF).
The expansion can be expressed as:
dl = (8 10-6 in/inoF)(100 feet) (12 in/ft) ((212 oF) - (32 oF))
= 1.728 inch
Temperature Expansion of Pipes - Excel Template
Temperature Expansion Coefficients of

some common Piping Materials
Expansion coefficients of some common materials used for pipes and tubes - aluminum,
carbon steel, cast iron, PVC, HDPE and more
Sponsored Links
Expansion coefficients of some common materials used for calculating
pipe temperature expansion of pipes and tubes can be found in the table below:
Expansion Coefficients
Material
"Inch Fahrenheit"
(in/inoF x 10-6)
"Meter Celsius"
(m/moC x 10-6)
Aluminum
12.8
23.1
Carbon Steel
6.5
11.7
Cast Iron
5.9
10.6
Copper
9.3
16.8
Stainless Steel
9.9
17.8
ABS Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
35.0
63.0
HDPE High density polyethylene
67.0
120.0
PE Polyethylene
83.0
150.0
CPVC Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride
44.0
79.0
PVC Polyvinyl chloride
28.0
50.4
Note! The high expansion coefficients for the plastic materials makes plastic piping and
tubes extreme sensitive to change in temperature. Always pay attention to plastics were
temperature varies.
Water Delivery Flow Velocities

Required flow velocities in water transport systems - on the delivery side of the pump
Sponsored Links
As a rule of thumb the following velocities can be used in design of
piping and pumping systems for water transport:
Pipe Dimension
Water
inches
mm
m/s
ft/s
25
3.5
50
1.1
3.6
75
1.15
3.8
100
1.25
150
1.5
4.7
200
1.75
5.5
10
250
6.5
12
300
2.65
8.5

Pipe Engg - Details

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Pipe Engg - Details

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Available Formats

NPS - "Nominal Pipe Size" and DN "Diametre Nominel"

Diameter Nominal Nominal Pipe Size

Calculating Pipes Weight

A weight calculating formula for steel pipes

Example - Weight of 4" Schedule 40 Steel Pipe

Commercial Pipe - Properties

Properties of commercial pipe - metric data

Difference between Pipes and Tubes

Fiberglass Pipes - Temperature Limits

Epoxy glass fiber reinforced pipe: -29 to 149 oC (-20 to 300o F)

No water closets permitted

Nominal Wall Thickness Pipe

XXS - Double Extra Strong

PE Pipes and Dimensions

PN 2.5 - max pressure 2.5 bar

European standards and available PEH pipes:

Inside Diameter (mm)

Pipe Flanges and Gasket Dimensions

Online Pipe Formula Calculator

outside diameter (in)

Transverse Metal Area

Am = transverse metal area (in2)

External Pipe Surface

Internal Pipe Surface

Transverse Internal Area

Suction Flow Velocities of Water

More about NPSH suction problems can be read here:

Cavitations and NPSH An introduction to cavitations and Net Positive Suction

Pipes and Tubes - Temperature

T(oC) = 5/9[T(oF) - 32]

Expansion coefficients for some common materials

Example - Thermal Expansion of Heated Alloy Steel

Temperature Expansion of Pipes - Excel Template

Temperature Expansion Coefficients of

ABS Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

HDPE High density polyethylene

CPVC Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride

PVC Polyvinyl chloride

Water Delivery Flow Velocities

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