CHAPTER 2: VALUES & ARCHITECTURE IMPORTANCE OF VALUES It is these underlying values & purposes that serve as the framework

k for an architectural program. The identification of these values in the program is crucial if the program is to help the designer achieve architecture.

ENDURING VALUES OF ARCHITECTURE These were first discussed by the Roman Vitruvius in the first century BC as firmitas, utilitas& venustas. These were modified by Sir Henry Wotton in the seventeenth century as "firmness, commodity, & delight." Survival (to protect) - Certainly the primordial value of architecture was to promote human survival by protecting its occupants. Goof Life (to nurture) - Buildings should enable users to accomplish their tasks without great effort, & they should promote the comfort of the users in all of their sensory modalities: visual, aural, olfactory, tactile, & kinesthetic. Art (To Transform) - Architecture as an art can help users see beyond their immediate needs for protecting & nurturing. CONTEMPORARY VALUES OF ARCHITECTURE Mickey Palmer, in The Architect's Guide to Facility Programming, advocates coverage of Human Factors, Physical Factors, & External Factors with numerous subcategories covering practically every imaginable value area. Barton Myers, a well-known & respected contemporary architect, has articulated what he considers to be important values for his work: Context Space/environment Climate Technology Social implication Tradition

Other architects & programmers have similar lists of values or concerns that they think are important. HECTTEAS (TEST EACH) The following eight value areas cover the values advanced by most programmers & architects as well as the enduring values. Human: functional, social, physical, physiological & psychological Environmental: site, climate, context, resources, & waste Cultural: historical, institutional, political, & legal Technological: materials, systems, & processed Temporal: growth, change, & permanence Economic: finance, construction, operations, maintenance & energy Aesthetic: form, space, color, & meaning Safety: structural, fire, chemical, personal & criminal

CASE STUDY: ALLELUIA LUTHERAN CHURCH The existing building on the site was highly valued by the clients because it had once been a home. They felt that this home-like character had a positive impact on the use & enjoyment by students because it provided them with a place that had the feeling of a home away from home. Therefore, the clients wanted to keep & use the house as an integral part of the total church

facilities. However, they also wanted to expand the facilities to create new worship, fellowship& education spaces so that the center could become a full-service church. These were the important cultural, institutional, & human issues for design that were stated in the program & responded to in the design. CASE STUDY: HERSHBERGER RESIDENCE Programming for the house that the author designed for his family in Tucson, Arizona, has both parallels to & differences from the process used for the Alleluia church. For Alleluia, the programming process was condensed into a two-week period, owing to time deadlines. For the house, the author & his wife had hears of living together with their children & other Arizona houses to consider when they decided what would be appropriate in a house that they programmed & designed for themselves.

In both cases, the expectations of the client/users were deeply felt & demanding of the talents of the designer. LOCATION - It had to be ten minutes of the university to the east of campus. VIEWS - The mountain & sky views in Tucson are truly spectacular. RESOURCES - The house had to respond appropriately to the hot, arid climate, with energy & water conservation being major values strongly held by husband & wife. LIFESTYLE - It would have to be a wonderful, peaceful yet stimulating place in which to live & entertain visiting family & guests. ART - It had to be a work of art that masterfully accomplished all of the goals & expressed the primary values of the clients. TIME- It had to be constructed within a six month time period to allow the client/user's son to serve as the construction superintendent while taking off a semester from his construction management program in college. BUDGET - The house also had to be designed within a budget that would result in affordable mortgage payments.