AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY

Faculty of Engineering
ECE Department
ECE484 Spring 2014 RF Circuit Design Prof. Emad Hegazi Dr. Mohamed El-Nozahi

Problem Set 1
Transceiver Architectures
Problem1 1
A Bluetooth receiver employs a low-noise amplifier having a gain of 10 and an input impedance of 50 . The LNA senses a desired signal level of -80 dBm at 2.41 GHz and two interferers of equal levels at 2.42 GHz and 2.43 GHz. Assuming the LNA drives a 50 load. (a) Determine the value of 3 that yields a P1dB of -30 dBm (b) If each interferer is 10 dB below P1dB, determine the corruption experienced by the desired signal at the LNA output.

Problem2 2
An LNA senses a -80 dBm signal at 2.41 GHz and two -20 dBm interferers at 2.42 GHz and 2.43 GHz. What IIP3 is required if the IM products must remain 20 dB below the signal? Assume 50 interfaces at the input and the output.

Problem3 3
Suppose an interferer contains phase modulation but not amplitude modulation. Does cross modulation occur in this case?

Problem4 4
An LNA having an IIP3 of -10 dBm and a gain of 20 dB is followed by a mixer with an IIP3 of +4 dBm. Which stage limits the IP3 of the cascade more?

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Problem5 5
Consider the scenario shown in Fig.1 where attenuation of 17 dB at and 37 dB at . . The BPF provides an

(a) Find the IIP3 of the amplifier such that the intermodulation product falling at is 20 dB below the desired signal. (b) Assume the amplifier with a voltage gain of 10 dB and an IIP3 of 500 (mVp) preceding the BPF. Calculate the IIP3 total if the overall chain. (Neglect 2nd order nonlinearities.)

Fig. 1

Problem 6
Find the noise figure of the shunt resistance Rp with respect to the source resistance Rs shown in Fig.2.
Vin
Rs

Vout

Rp

Fig. 2

Problem 7
Find the noise figure of the cascade in Fig. 3. (a) Assuming lossless switch (b) Assuming the switch having a 1.5 dB insertion loss

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LNA G=-1.5 dB
Fig. 3

NF=2 dB

Problem6 8
For the sliding-IF architecture shown in Fig. 4 (a) Determine the required LO frequency range and steps. (b) Determine the image frequency range.

Fig. 4

Problem6 9
Consider the 11g sliding-IF receiver shown in Fig. 2. (a) Determine the required LO frequency range. (b) Determine the image frequency range. (c) Is this architecture preferable to that in Fig. 4? Why?

Fig. 5

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Problem7 10
Fig. 6 shows three variants of the Hartley architecture. Explain which one(s) can reject the image.

Fig. 6

Problem8 11
Fig. 7 shows a dual conversion Rx, where the first LO frequency is chosen so as to place the (primary) image in the GPS band. Mixing spurs emerge due to the mixing with LO harmonics. Consider the impact of the 2nd harmonic of the second local oscillator.

420 MHz LNA 2000 MHz 20 MHz

1980 MHz

400 MHz

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Fig. 7

Problem 12
An RF receiver front end is shown in Fig. 8. The Rx has a bandwidth of 200 KHz and a channel spacing of 250 KHz. The sensitivity of the Rx is -106 dBm and the targeted SNR at the output is 7 dB. (a) Find the overall noise figure of the Rx (b) Find the minimum gain of the LNA required to achieve the -106 dBm sensitivity spec (c) Find the overall IIP3 (d) Determine the spurious free dynamic range ( SFDR)

SNR=7 dB LNA G=-3 dB G=-1 dB G=? NF=2.5 dB IIP3= 5 dBm

Fig. 8

G=10 dB NF=12 dB IIP3= 0 dBm

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Problem9 13
-30 dBm

-80 dBm

2.4 GHz Band 1

fo

fo+5

fo+10

MHz

LNA BPF1

IRF1
(A) LPF At 1.4 GHz

LO

x2
(B)

Channel select

< 2.4 GHz

Band 2

LNA BPF2

IRF2
LPF

Fig. 9

The super heterodyne receiver in Fig. 9 uses a single local oscillator to detect 2 different RF Bands. Band 1 is at 2.4GHz while Band 2 is at a higher frequency. Only 1 band is demodulated at a time. Band Selection is done via the switch after the BPF. The mixers only select the lower side band using the LPF and the IF frequency is fixed to 1.4 GHz. (a) Find LO Central Frequency. (b) Find The Central Frequency of Band 2. (c) Determine the type of Injection at points (A) and (B) High Side Injection or Low Side Injection (d) For the 2.4 GHz Band, if when a signal of -80 dBm is received at 2.4GHz , a signal of -10 dBm is also received at the image frequency. The IRF1 rejects the image by 40 dB. If an SNR of 20 dB is required, calculate the extra attenuation required by BPF1 at the image frequency. Assume the image is the only type of noise. (Neglect thermal and circuits Noise) (e) For the 2.4 GHz Band: Assuming the Signal (-80 dBm) and Blockers (-30 dBm) profile shown. The signal BW=2MHz. The signal achieves a suitable SNR when the total NF=10 dB (Without Blockers effect). If the IIM3 caused by the 2 blockers degrades this SNR by 3 dB, find the required IIP3)tot.

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References:
RF Microelectronics, Behzad Razavi. 2nd edition, prentice hall press, 2012. 1) Chapter 2, example 2.10 2) Chapter 2, example 2.11 3) Chapter 2, example 2.8 4) Chapter 2, example 2.13 5) Chapter 2, problem 2.5 6) Chapter 4, problem 4.4 7) Chapter 4, problem 4.20 8) Chapter 4, example 4.9 9) Quiz 1 , 2013 Wishing you success, Eng/ Omar El Aassar

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