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Submitted by: Jeevanjot Singh (6026) Manraj Singh (6027) AmitGulati (6028)
Index
Project Management Techniques of Project management PERT Advantages and disadvantages of PERT CPM CPM with forward and backward pass method Total Float Conclusion
What is Project Management? Project management is the science (and art) of organizing the components of a project,
whether the project is development of a new product, the launch of a new service, a marketing campaign, or a wedding. A project isnt something thats part of normal business operations. Its typically created once, its temporary, and its specific. As one expert notes, It has a beginning and an end. A project consumes resources (whether people, cash, materials, or time), and it has funding limits.
PERT
PERT (Project evaluating and review technique)
CPM
PERT is a probabilistic method used in project management to estimate time required to complete the project.
Activity Event
Dummy activity: An imaginary activity with no duration, used to show either an indirect relationship between 2 tasks or to clarify the identities of the tasks.
------------------Dummy Activity
te=to+4tm+tp
6
20
40
60
70
80
10
30
50
PERT network chart shows twelve tasks eight milestones (10 to 80)
Which tasks should take place before this task happens. Which tasks should be completed at the same time as this task. Which tasks should happen immediately after this task.
Earliest start time (ES) Earliest finish time (EF) Latest finish time (LF) Latest start time (LS)
Forward pass:
Earliest start time(EST) Earliest start time at which an activity can start given that its precedent activities must be completed Rule:
Initial event is supposed to occur at time equal to zero E1=0 Any activity can start immediately when all preceding activities are completed
The critical path is the longest path of the network diagram. The activities in the critical path have an effect on the deadline of the project. If an activity of this path is delayed, the project will be delayed. In case if the project management needs to accelerate the project, the times for critical path activities should be reduced. Step 6: Critical path diagram to show project progresses Critical path diagram is a live artefact. Therefore, this diagram should be updated with actual values once the task is completed. This gives more realistic figure for the deadline and the project management can know whether they are on track regarding the deliverables.
PA
SA
te
EST
LST
EFT
LFT
Total Float
Free Float
10 10
20 30
6 8
0 0
6 8
0 1
6 9
0 1
0 1
10
20 30 30 30 40 50 50 60
30
40 40 50 60 60 60 70 70
3
8 6 10 12 8 6 12 8
6
6 9 9 9 15 19 19 25
9
14 15 19 21 23 25 31 33
6
9 11 19 13 17 19 21 25
9
17 17 29 25 25 25 33 33
0
3 2 0 4 2 0 2 0
0
1 0 0 4 2 0 2 0
0
2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
0
1 0 0 4 0 0 2 0
10 0
8
3
6 12
25+8=33 60 25
33+7=40
70 33
80 40
6 50 19
12
30 9
10
40 17 8
10 0
8
3 6 12 6
33-8=25
40-7=33
60 25
70 33
80 40 40
12
30 9
10
50 19
20 6 6 6
40 15 17 8
10 0 0
8
3
6 12
60 25 25
70 33 33
80 40 40
6
50 19 19
12
30 9 9
CPM shown on Double line
10
Float (slack)
Free float
Total float
Total float:
Maximum possible time by which an activity can delay without affecting the total completion time of project
Free float :
Time by which an activity may be delayed without delaying the start of any succeeding activity Free float =Total Float Slack of head event
Independent float :
Portion of total float with in which an activity can be delayed without affecting float of preceding activity Independent float =Free float slack of tail event
PA
SA
te
EST
LST
EFT
LFT
Total Float
Free Float
H.E. Slack
T.E. Slack
10 10
20 30
6 8
0 0
6 8
0 1
6 9
0 1
0 1
0 0
0 0
10
20 30 30 30 40 50 50 60
30
40 40 50 60 60 60 70 70
3
8 6 10 12 8 6 12 8
6
6 9 9 9 15 19 19 25
9
14 15 19 21 23 25 31 33
6
9 11 19 13 17 19 21 25
9
17 17 29 25 25 25 33 33
0
3 2 0 4 2 0 2 0
0
1 0 0 4 2 0 2 0
0
2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
0
1 0 0 4 0 0 2 0
Total Float
Negative Value
1. Resources are not adequate and activity may not finish on time Induct extra resources or say critical path need crashing in oder to reduce negative float
Zero value
Resources are just sufficient to complete activity
Positive value
1. 2. Resources are extra Activity can be delayed by so much time
2.