EngineeringDrawings

AshortseriesoflecturesonEngineeringDrawingasPartofENGG1960: IntroductiontoBiomedicalEngineeringByPaulBriozzo

WhatisanEngineeringDrawing?
AnEngineeringDrawingisatechnical(notartistic)drawingwhich clearlydefinesandcommunicatesadesigntootherinterestedparties. Otherpartiesmayhaveaninterestindesigncollaboration,procurement/purchasing, costing,manufacturing,qualitycontrol,marketing,handling/packaging.

Whydoweneedtoknow aboutEngineeringDrawings?
Toallowourdesignstodevelopfromathoughtorconcepttoa design/sketchonpaper. Toenableustocommunicateourdesigns/sketchestocolleaguesfor review. Toconvertoursketches/designsintolayoutdrawingswhichshow howourideaslinkuptoexistinginfrastructures. Toincludeourdesign/sketchesaspartofaproposalforclient/ managementapprovalandreview. ToprovideManufacturerswithworkingEngineeringDrawings basedfromouroriginaldesigns/sketches.

PictorialFreehand

ExamplesofLayoutDrawings

CollapsibleCanoeOutriggerDesignProject,1998 UndergraduateDesignProjectundertheLeadershipofA/Prof.HarryLipkin,GeorgiaTechUniversity

ExamplesofLayoutDrawings

LunarModuleLandingGearPlans,NASA,1969

ProposalDrawing

EngineeringdrawingbyHarryC.Shoaf (SpaceTaskGroupEngineering Division)oftheproposedlunarlandertobeusedwithanadvanced versionoftheMercuryspacecraft.(Shoaf,Drawing,Nov.15,1961.)

LunarLander,1969

Surveyor1,1966

EngineeringDrawing

DetailDrawing(FinishDrawing)ofConnectingRod,M.Jacek 1973

TheHistoryofEngineeringDrawing
FreeHandSketches LeonardoDaVinci 1500AD

Designforaflyingmachinec1488

Rhombicuboctahedron

Anatomicalstudyofthearmc1510 Sforzamonument

GraphicalProjections
Projections Perspective Parallel Projection

Oblique

Orthogonal

Axonometric/ Isometric

Orthographic

1st Angle

2nd Angle

3rd Angle

4th Angle

Perspective

Staircase twopointperspective

Cube twopointperspective

Cube onepointperspective

Cube twopointperspective

Cube twopointperspective

Methodand RulesofProjections
Method
Selectaviewfromthemostadvantageousposition. Observeoverallstructurefirst. Note:parallelism,proportionsandalignment.

RulesofProjection
Objectviewedfrom. Parallellinesremainparallel. Proportionsremainunchanged. Circlesarealwaysellipseswiththemajoraxisofellipse perpendiculartothepolaraxisofcircle. Transformationof90 angles.

ParallelProjection
Parallel Projection Oblique Orthogonal

Axonometric/ Isometric

Orthographic

1st Angle

2nd Angle

3rd Angle

4th Angle

ObliqueProjection

ObliqueProjection
CavalierandCabinetProjections

Cavalier

Cabinet

Cavalierviewsarenotpreferred.Theyshowlineswhichrepresent thedepthoftheobjectasbeingdisproportionallylong.Eventhough theyareparalleltoeachother,depthlinesappeartodivergeaway fromeachother. CabinetviewsarepreferredoverCavalier.Theissueofdepth disproportionalityanddivergenceissomewhateliminatedby halvingthedepthdimension.

ObliqueProjection
4BasicRules

1.Placetheobjectsothattheviewwiththemostdetailisparalleltothepictureplane.

2.Placetheobjectsothatthelongestdimensionrunshorizontallyacrossthesheet.

ObliqueProjection
4BasicRules

3.Insomecasesthepreviousrulesconflict,andwhenthisisso,Rule1has preferenceastheadvantagegainedbyhavingtheirregularfacewithoutdistortionis greaterthanthatgainedbyobservingRule2. 4.Decisionsaboutviewinganobjectinobliqueprojectionshouldaimtoshowthe objectsothatitsshapeismostclearlypresentedandisconducivetoshowingits dimensions.

AxonometricProjection

ProjectionlinesareperpendiculartoProjectionPlane. PrincipalaxesinclinedtoProjectionPlane. Isometric(EqualScaling) Dimetric Trimetric

IsometricDimetric

OrthogonalProjection
Orthogonal

Orthographic

1st Angle

2nd Angle

3rd Angle

4th Angle

3rd AngleProjection

st 1

AngleProjection

DihedralAngles 1st AngleEmphasised

Emok26th ofJune2008