United Nations EducationaI,

Scientific and Culturai Organization

Special committee of government experts to prepare a draft convention and a draft recommendation to Member States concerning the protection of monuments, groups of buildings and sites .
Unesco House, 4-22 April 1972

SHC.72/CUNF. 37/RECOMMENDA!rION 1

PARIS, 18 April ~llllnd I* 2, I'%DlXITIONOF~ CUIXWULAM3.mmTAm the following shall

1972

For the purpose of this Ret-d&ion %ulturaI heritage":

be considered

as

Monuments: architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or structures of archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations of features, which are of value from the point of view of history, art or science,
GROUPSof buildings: groups of separate or connected buildings which, because of their architecture, their homogeneity or their place in the landscape,

are of outstanding science.

universal

value from the point

of view of history,

art, or

S+,tes: works of man as well as the combined works of nature and of men and areas which are of value from historical, aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological points of view, including archaeological sites. ..
2.

For the purpose of this Recmendation "natural heritage":

the following

shall

be considered

as

Natural features consisting of physical and biological formations or groups of such formations which are of value from the aesthetic or scientific point formations and precisely delineated of view; geological and physiographical areas which constitute the habitat of species of animals and plants, valuable or threatened, of value from the point of view of science or conservation; natural sites or strictly delineated natural ereas of value from the point of view of science, conservation or nature3 beautyII*
2.

NATIONAL POLICY

Each State should formulate, develop and apply a national policy whose principal aim should be to co-ordinate and make use, at the national, regional and local level, of all scientific, technical, cultural and other resources available with a view to taking active and continuing measures for the present and for the immediate and more distant future, to secure the elective protection and presentation of the cultural. and natural heritage.

SHC.72/CONF',37/RECOMMENDA~ONl - page 2
d

III.
3*

GENEXALPRINCIPLES

The cultural and natural heritage represent collective wealth, the protection and development of which impose responsibilities on the States in whose ter?&tory they are situated, both vis-&is their own nationals and vis-8-vis the interMember States should take such action as may be national community as a whole; necessary to meet these responsibilities.
4.

The inxnovable cultural or natural heritage should be considered in its entirety as a homogeneous whole, comprising not only works of great intrinsic value, but also more modest items that have, with the passage of time, acquired cultural or natural. value.
59

None of these works and none of these items should, ciated from its environment.

in principle,

be disso-

6.

As the ultimate purpose of protecting and enhancing the immovable cultural and natural heritage is the development of man, Member States should, as far as possible, give their work in this field a new direction, so that the cultural and natural heritage may no longer be reGarded as a check on national expansion but as a determining factor in such expansion.

The protection and effective presentation of the cultural end natural heritage should be considered as one of the essential aspects of regional development plans, and planning in general, at the national, regional or local level.
?* 8.

Protective and corrective measures relating to the cultural and natural heritage should be supplemented by others, designed to give each of the components of this heritage a function @&h will make it a part of the nation's social, economic, soientific and cultural life for the presentandfuture~mmp&ibZe with the cultural. or natural character of the property in quest&on. 9.
An active policy for the cct3sC?xwation of the cultUral and natural heritage

and for giving them a place in community life, should be developed. Member States should arrange for concerted action by all the public and private services concerned, with a view to drawing up and applying such a policy. Advantage should be taken in such activities of scientific and technical advances in all branches of study involved in the protection and development of the immovable cultural or natural heritage, 10. Increasingly generous financial resources should be made available by the public authoritiesforthe work of safeguarding and developing the immovable cultural or natural heritage.

The general. public should be directly associated with the measures to be taken for protection and conservation and should be called on for suggestions and help, with particular reference to the surveillance of the cultural and natural heritage, and regard for the immovable cultural. or natural heritage. Consideration might also be given to the possibility of the public's providing financial support.

XL.

SK, 72/CoNF.37/REcOMMENDA~ON 1 (mnt. > - page 3 The harmony established by time and man between a monument and its surroundings is of capital importance and should in no case be disturbed or destroyed. The isolation of a monument by demolishing its surroundings should not, as a general rule, be authorized; nor should the moving, turning or raising of a monument be contemplated save as an exceptional means of dealing with a problem, justffied by pressing considerations.
27.

Member States should take measures against the effects of shocks and the vibrations caused by motor vehicles and trains. Regulations should allow for the possibility of pr&lbiting, in agreement with the services responsible for immovable cultural or natural property, flights by supersonic aircraft over certain regions at certain altitudes. Measuresshouldalso be taken to prevent pollution and guard a&n.& natural disasters and calamities, and to provide for the repair of damage to the cultural andnaturalheritage.
28.

*4

Since the circumstances governing the rehabilitattun of groups of buildings are not everywhere identical, Member States should provide for a sociological inquiry in each particular case, in order to ascertain precisely v&at are the social and cultural needs of the conrmunity in which the group of buildings concerned is situated. Any rehabilitation operation should pay special attention to enabling man to work,ti&e~lu~ and to achieve fulfilment in the restired setting, Administrative 30. measures

a.*

In order that measures for the protection and integration of their cultural azx! natural herit age may be taken in good time, Member States should have them surveyed and listed. Each Member State should draw up an inventory of all cultural and natural sites, paying attention equally to all buildings, lnoluding t&use which, tithomt be&ng of outstandiQugoHxmoe, am 2nsepamb2e from their environment and contribute to its character. 33.. The information obtained by such surveys of the cultural and natural heritage should be collected in printed directories, which can easily be consulted and should be regularly brought up to date. 32, To ensure that monuments, groups of buildings and sites are effectively included in national, regional or local planning, Member States should carry out topographical and cartographical studies covering the cultural property in question.
*

29 (a)

29 (b)

Member States should undertake studies and research of the geology and ecology of areas in the natural heritage, whether park, wildlife, refuge, recreation area, or other equivalent reserves, in order to understand their requirements as related to the impact of visitor use and to monitor these interrelationships so as to avoid serious damage to the natural values and to provide adequate background for ;,: the mansgement of the fauna and flora. Member States should keep abreast of advances in transportation, communication, audio visual techniques, automatic data processing and other pertinent technology, and of cultural and recreational trends so that the best possible facilities and services can be provided for the public, appropriate to the mission of each area, without deterioration of the natural resources.

fi'f%~/OONF.37/~CO~A~ON IV. 12. ORGANIZATIONOF SERXIC'fZS

1 (cont.)

Although the diversity of constitutional provisons, traditions, psychological conditions and other factors make it impossible for all Member States to adopt a standard form of organizatlon, certain common criteria should nevertheless. be noted. Specialized public services

13.

With due regard for the conditions approprEate to each country, Member States should set up in their territory, wherever they do not already exist, one or more specialized public services to be responsible for the efficient discharge of the following functions:

( a 1 developing and putting

into effect measures of all kinds designed to pr@ct\the country's immovable cultural or natural her$tgge and to make3t an active factor in the life of the community; training and recruiting curators, administrators, laboratory research workers, architects and construction engineers, as well as specialists in the human sciences, sociologists, economists, ethnologists, geegraphers, geologists, agronomists, ecologists etc., to be responsible for working out protection, conservation and integration programmes and directing their execution;

(C > organizing

close co-operation among these various specialists to study the technical conservation problems of the cultural and natural heritage, taking into account the contributions of all the disciplines concerned; for the study of all the soientific with the conservation of the cultural

w
w

using or creating laboratories problems arising in coxxzx9an and natural heritage;

dealing;

with uertain -peats of the sale end tenancy of ancient buildings in order to ensure that the new owners or tenants carry out the necessary restoration work and provide for the upkeep of the buildings in the best artistic and technical oonditLon&

Advisory bodies The specialized services should be assisted by advisory bodies whose help is essential for the preparation of measures relating to the cultural and Such advisory bodies should include experts, representatives natural heritage. and representatives of the administrations of the major preservation societies, concerned, Go-operation
15.

14.

among the various bodies

The specialized services dealing with the protection and develpment of the cultural and natural heritage should carry out their work in liaison with other public services, more particularly those responsible for town and country planning, major public works, regional development, the environment, territorial planning, and economic end social planning-

SHCJ2/CCW.3~,&ECO~ATION 3.6.

1 (cont.)

- page 2 I

The specialized services responsible for the cultural and natural heritage should be given equal status with the services concerned with town and country planning, economic growth and region& development. Continuing cooperation at all levels should be organized among them whenever large-scale projects are involved, and co-ordinating bodies should be set up for that purpose, so that decisions may be made in ooncert, taking account of the various interests Provision should be made for joint planning from the start of the involved. studies.

18.
Competence of centr& federal., regional and local bodies

Consider$ng the fa& that the problems involved in the oonservation of the cultural and natural heritage are difficult to deal. with, calling for special knowledge and sometimes entailing hard choices, and that there are not enough highly qualified staff available in this field, responsibilities in al.1 matters concerning the devising and execution of proteotive measures in general should be divided among central. or federal and region&l, or local authorities on the basis of a judicious balance adapted to the situation that exists in each State.

19,

II1 It

v.
Member States should take all neoessary scientific, technical, administrative, legal. and financial. measures to ensure the protection of the cultural and natural heritage in their territories. Such measures should be determined in accordance with the legislation and organization of the State. scientific
21, Having

20.

and technical
regard to the

measures
scientific, financial and other means available to them,

Member States should arrange for careful and constant maintenance of their cultural and natural heritage in order to avoSd having to undertake the costly operations necessitated by their deterioration; for this purpose, they should provide for regular surveillance of such property by means of periodio inspections. They should also draw up carefully planned programmes of conservation and development work gradually taking in all the cultural and natural heritage, depending upon the scientific, technical and financial means at their disposal. Any work required should be preceded and accompanied by such thorough studies as their importance may necessitate. Such studies should be carried out in co-operation with or by specialists in ecology, geology, geography, botany, hydroup appropriate background graphy, soil mechanics, etc., with the object of building data. 22.

24. 25. 26.