CC HG H HG G CHG I

HH
21 04 2010
OXI

OZON

HYDRO PEOXIT

HH

H2S HYDRO SUNFUA

HH II (S2)

HH II (S3)

H2SO4 AXIT SUNFURIC

MI HYD SFI

MI SFI

1. I - CLO
1. 2Fe + 3Cl
2
-> 2FeCl
3
(t
o
)
2. Cl
2 (k)
+ H
2 (k)
-> 2HCl
(k)
(nh sng - sn xut HCl)
3. Cl
2
+ H
2
O <-> HCl + HClO
4. Cl
2
+ 2NaOH
(long)
-> NaCl + NaClO + H
2
O (sn xut nc
Javel)
5. Cl
2
+ 2NaI -> 2NaCl + I
2
(iu ch I
2
)
6. Cl
2
+ 2FeCl
2
-> 2FeCl
3

7. Cl
2
+ SO
2
+ 2H
2
O -> 2HCl + H
2
SO
4
(th hin tnh oxi ha
mnh ca Clo)
8. MnO
2
+ 4HCl
()
-> MnCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ 2H
2
O (t
o
- iu ch Cl
2
)
9. 2KMnO
4
+ 16HCl
()
-> 2KCl + 2MnCl
2
+ 5Cl
2
+ 8H
2
O (iu
ch Cl
2
)
10. K
2
Cr
2
O
7
+ 14HCl
()
-> 2KCl + 2CrCl
3
+ 7H
2
O + 3Cl
2
(iu
ch Cl
2
)
11. KClO
3
+ 6HCl
()
-> KCl + 3Cl
2
+ 3H
2
O (iu ch Cl
2
)
12. 2NaCl + 2H
2
O -> 2NaOH + Cl
2
+ H
2
(in phn - Sn xut
Cl
2
)
13. 2NaCl
(nng chy)
-> 2Na + Cl
2
(in phn)
14. 2AgCl -> 2Ag + Cl
2
(t
o
)
dayhoahoc.com, 8/10/13
#1
thptlh, kenshin_win, uyenbunhia v 1 thnh vin khc thch bi ny.
2.
3.
dayhoahoc.comManagerStaff Member
II - HI CA AXIT CHIIC
1. 6HCl + 2Al -> 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2

2. 2HCl + CuO ->CuCl
2
+ H
2
O
3. 2HCl + Cu(OH)
2
-> CuCl
2
+ 2H
2
O
4. 2HCl + Na
2
SO
3
-> 2NaCl + SO
2
+ H
2
O
5. KClO
3
+ 6HCl -> KCl + 3Cl
2
+ 3H
2
O (iu ch Cl
2
)
6. NaCl
(r)
+ H
2
SO
4 ()
-> HCl
(k)
+ NaHSO
4
(<200
o
C, iu ch HCl)
2NaCl
(r)
+ H
2
SO
4 ()
-> 2HCl
(k)
+ Na
2
SO
4
(>400
o
C, iu ch HCl)
dayhoahoc.com, 8/10/13
#2
thptlh, kenshin_win v uyenbunhia thch bi ny.
4.
dayhoahoc.comManagerStaff Member
III - H CH C I CA C
1. Cl
2
+ 2NaOH -> NaCl + NaClO + H
2
O (in phn, iu ch nc Javen)
2. NaClO + CO
2
+ H
2
O -> NaHCO
3
+ HClO
3. NaClO + 2HCl -> NaCl + Cl
2
+ H
2
O
4. Cl
2
+ Ca(OH)
2

(r)
-> CaOCl
2
+ H
2
O (iu ch clorua vi)
5. CaOCl
2
+ 2HCl -> CaCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ H
2
O
6. 2CaOCl
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O -> CaCO
3
+ 2HClO + CaCl
2

7. 2CaOCl
2
-> 2CaCl
2
+ O
2
(t
o
)
8. 3Cl
2
+ 6KOH
(dd)
-> 5KCl + KClO
3
+ 3H
2
O (100
o
C, .C KClO
3
)
9. 4KClO
3 ->
KCl + 3KClO
4
(t
o
)
10. 2KClO
3 ->
2KCl + 3O
2
(MnO
2
, t
o
, iu ch oxi)
IV - FLO
11. 2Au + 3F
2
-> 2AuF
3

12. F
2
+ H
2
-> 2HF
(k)
(Phn ng ngay trong bng ti)
13. 2F
2
+ 2H
2
O -> 4HF + O
2

14. 2F
2
+ SiO
2
-> SiF
4
+ O
2

15. 4HF + SiO
2
-> SiF
4
+ 2H
2
O
16. CaF
2
+ H
2
SO
4
-> CaSO
4
+ 2HF
VI - BROM
50. Br
2
+ 2Na -> 2NaBr
51. Br
2
+ 2NaI -> 2NaBr + I
2
(iu ch I
2
)
52. Br
2
+ H
2
-> 2HBr (t
o
)
53. Br
2
+ H
2
O <-> HBr + HBrO
54. Br
2
+ 5Cl
2
+ 6H
2
O -> 10HCl + 2HBrO
3

55. 2AgBr
(vng)
-> 2Ag
(en)
+ Br
2
(nh sng, ng dng lm knh i mu)
56. PBr
3
+ 3H
2
O -> H
3
PO
3
+ 3HBr
57. 2HBr + H
2
SO
4
-> Br
2
+ SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
58. 4HBr + O
2
-> 2H
2
O + 2Br
2

VII - IOT
59. 2Al + 3I
2
-> 2AlI
3
(H
2
O xt)
60. I
2 (r)
+ H
2 (k)
<-> 2HI
(k)
(300-500
o
C, Pt)
61. Cl
2
+ 2NaI -> 2NaCl + I
2
(iu ch I
2
)
62. 5Cl
2
+ I
2
+ 6H
2
O -> 2HIO
3
+ 10HCl
63. 8HI + H
2
SO
4
-> 4I
2
+ H
2
S + 4H
2
O
64. 2HI + 2FeCl
3
-> 2FeCl
2
+ I
2
+ 2HCl
65. 2NaI + Pb(NO
3
)
2
-> PbI
2 (kt ta trng)
+ 2NaNO
3

Cl2

Cl2+H2asHCl (Phn ng so snh tnh oxi ho vi cc halogen khc)

Cl2+FetoFeCl3 (Cl2 tc dng vi kim loi ch tr Au,Pt)

Cl2+PtoPCl3

Cl2(d)+PtoPCl5

Cl2+H2OHCl+HClO


Tc dng amoniac
Cl2+NH3N2+HCl

Tc dng vi cht hu c:

Cl2+C2H2HCl+C(en)

Cl2+CH4asCH3Cl+HCl

CH3Cl+Cl2asCH2Cl2+HCl

CH2Cl2+Cl2asCHCl3+HCl

Cl2+CH4toC+HCl

Cl2+C6H6asC6H6Cl6

Cl2+C6H6Fe,asC6H5Cl+HCl

Tc dng vi dung dch kim:

Cl2+NaOHNaCl+NaClO+H2O

Cl2+NaOHtoNaCl+NaClO3+H2O

(trong 2 phn ng trn,thay Na bng K cng tng t)


Cl2+Ca(OH)2()30oCCaOCl2+H2O

Cl2+Ca(OH)2(dd)CaCl2+Ca(OCl)2+H2O


Tc dng vi mui st II:

FeCl2+Cl2toFeCl3

FeSO4+Cl2toFe2(SO4)3+FeCl3

Fe(NO3)2+Cl2toFe(NO3)3+FeCl3

FeSO4+Cl2+H2SO4Fe2(SO4)3+HCl

Mt s phn ng khc:

Cl2+H2S(S/SO2)+H2OHCl+H2SO4

Cl2+Br2+H2OHBrO3+HCl

Cl2+I2+H2OHCl+HIO3

Cl2+P+H2OH3PO4+HCl

Cl2+H2O2HCl+O2

Cl2+H2SHCl+S

Cl2+HIHCl+I2


NH3(d)+Cl2N2+NH4Cl

Mt s phn ng cho sn phm l clo

CuCl2in phn dung dch vi in cc trCu+Cl2

NaClin phn nng chyNa+Cl2

NaCl+H2Oin phn dung dch c mng ngnNaOH+H2+Cl2

Ch : NaCl+H2Oin phn dung dch okhng mng
ngnNaClO+H2

HCl+KMnO4K2Cr2O7KClO3MnO2(iu kin: to)mui clorua+Cl2+H2O

CaCl2+2H2Oin phn dung dch c mng ngn
xpCa(OH)2+H2+Cl2

CaOCl2+HClCaCl2+Cl2+H2O

CaOCl2+CO2CaCl2+CaCO3+Cl2

KCl+KMnO4+H2SO4K2SO4+MnCl2+Cl2+H2O

KClO(KClO3)+HCl(dung dch c)KCl+Cl2+H2O

Br2+KClO3KBrO3+Cl2

I2+KClO3KIO3+Cl2

Na2O2+HClNaCl+Cl2+H2O

O3+HClH2O+O2+Cl2

HClO3+HClCl2+H2O

Hp cht c oxi ca clo



Nc giavel


NaClO+HClNaCl+Cl2+H2O

NaClO70oCNaCl+NaClO2

NaClOto<70oCNaCl+O2


NaClO c tnh oxi ho mnh, oxi ho c ion I trong hp cht trong mi trng acid
NaClO+KI+H2SO4K2SO4+NaCl+I2+H2O


Fe(OH)2+NaClO+H2OFe(OH)3+NaCl

FeCl2+NaClO+H2O+NaOHNaCl+Fe(OH)3


Clorua vi

CaOCl2+HClCaCl2+Cl2+H2O

CaOCl2+CO2+H2OCaCO3+CaCl2+HClO

CaOCl2toCaCl2+O2




Kali clorat

KClO3toKClO4+KCl

KClO3to;MnO2KCl+O2

C+KClO3toKCl+CO2

P+KClO3toKCl+P2O5

KClO3+S+CtoKCl+SO2+CO2

KClO3+H2Oin phn dung dchKClO4+H2

KClO3+SO2+H2OH2SO4+HCl
Flo , Brom, Iot v cc hp
cht

Phn ng vi H2
F2+H2HF (phn ng mnh lit,ngay c trong bng ti v nhit rt thp,n mnh )

H2+Br2toHBr

H2+I2HI (iu kin: nhit )


Flo v hp cht:

CaF+H2SO4CaSO4+HF

HF+SiO2SiF4+H2O

F2+NaOHNaF+OF2+H2O


Brom v hp cht:

Br2+AltoAlBr3

Br2+SO2+H2OHBr+H2SO4(dd) (kh SO2 lm mt mu dung dch brom)

Br2+NH3N2+HBr

Br2+H2OHBr+HBrO

Br2+Cl2+H2OHBrO3+HCl

Br2+NaOHNaBrO3+NaBr+H2O

Br2+KClO3Cl2+KBrO3

Br2+H2SHBr+S

HBr+O2Br2+H2O

HBr+H2SO4()Br2+SO2+H2O

HBr+KClO3KCl+Br2+H2O

HBr+MnO2MnBr2+Br2+H2O

HBr+KMnO4KBr+MnBr2+Br2+H2O

PBr2+H2OH2PO3+HBr

Iot : tng t brom

h :
HI+FeCl3FeCl2+I2+HCl
Oxi

Oxi tc dng vi hu ht kim loi tr Au,Pt
O2+FetoFe3O4

200oC Oxi oxi ho c Ag
O2+Ag200oCAg2O

O2+CtoCO2

C(d)+O2toCO

CO+O2toCO2

O2+H2StoH2O+SO2

O2+C2H5OHln men gimCH3COOH+H2O

O2+C2H5OHC2H2C2H4CH4C6H12O6toCO2+H2O

CH4+O2800oCCO+H2



Ozon

Ozon oxi ho hu ht kim loi ch tr Au v Pt, Oxi khng oxi ho bc iu kin thng nhng Ozon
oxi ho bc ngay iu kin thng:

O3+AgAg2O+O2

Ozon oxi ho c ion I trong dung dch , nhng Oxi cn phi c mi trng axit

O3+KI+H2OI2+O2+KOH

sung : O2+KI+H2SO4K2SO4+I2+H2O


NO2+O3N2O5+O2 (Kh NO2 mu nu nht dn)




Hidro peoxit


b phn hu:

H2O2MnO2H2O+O2

H2O2+KNO2KNO3+H2O

H2O2+KII2+KOH

H2O2+Ag2OAg+H2O+O2

H2O2+Cl2HCl+O2 (Kh clo vng lc mt mu dn trong dung dch, dung dch si bt)

H2O2+KMnO4+H2SO4K2SO4+MnSO4+O2+H2O
(ung dch nht mu dn v si bt kh)
Axit sunfuric


ong: l axit mnh

Tc dng vi kim loi ng trc , gii phng H2
Tc dng vi bazo
Tc dng vi oxit bazo
tc dng vi mui,to kh,hoc kt ta,hoc axit yu hn


m c: c tnh oxi ho rt mnh , ho nc (do vy d gy bng do 2O c ht nc trong t
bo-- nh ghen hay tt axit )

oxi ho kim loi tr Au v Pt:

H2SO4+FeFe2(SO4)3+H2O+SO2

oxi ho phi kim nh ,,P:
H2SO4+SH2O+SO2
H2SO4+CO2CO2+SO2+H2O

oxi ho hp cht:

H2SO4+HISO2+H2O+I2 (hm trc vit thay O2 bng 2, ko pjt ng ko )

H2SO4+HBrBr2+H2O+SO2



t nc:

CnH2mOm+H2SO4CO2+SO2+mH2O
Nhm Halogen
Nhm Halogen gm c: F-Flo, Cl-Clo, Br-Brm, I-It, At-Atatin(cht phng x).
Halogen l nhng phi kim in hnh, chng l nhng cht oxi ha mnh. Kh nng oxi ha gim dn t
flo n iot.
Trong cc hp cht, flo lun lun c s oxi ha -1, cc Halogen khc ngoi s oxi ha -1 cn c cc oxi
ha: +1,+3,+5+7.

tp trung trong cc khon vt l florit (CaF
2
) v criolit (Na
3
AlF
6
hay AlF
3
.3NaF). V flo c tnh oxi
ha mnh nht nn phng php duy nht iu ch flo l dng dng in oxi ha F
-
trong
florua nng chy. Phng php hu hiu nht l in phn hn hp KF+2HF, nhit nng
chy ch 70
0
C.
1.Tnh cht:
- iu kin thng flo l cht kh mu lc nht, rt c.
-nguyn t flo c m in ln nht trong cc nguyn t ha hc (n nay vn cha pht hin nguyn
t no ln hn), v vy flo l phi kim mnh nht. Flo oxi ha c tt c cc kim loi k c vng v platin,
n tc dng trc tip vi hu ht phi kim tr oxi v nit.
H
2
(k)+F
2
(k)-->2HF(k); H=-577,2 (phn ng ta nhit mnh v gy n)
Flo khng tan vi nc m n oxi ha nc(tc dng vi nc): 2F
2
+2H
2
O-->4HF+O
2
.
- ng dng: flo c dng lm cht oxi ha cho nhin liu lng dng cho tn la. Sn xut teflo(-CF
2
-CF
2
-
) c tnh cht c o: l cht do chu dc tc dng ca axit, km v cc ha cht khc, c dng
lm cho chng dnh.Freon(CFCl
3
v CF
2
Cl
2
)trc y c dng trong cc t lnh v my lnh, nhng
do freon ph hy tng ozon nn b cm s dng.
-Hidro florua v axit flohidrit:
Flo
Hidroflorua l axit yu. Phng php iu ch duy nht l cho canxi florua tc dng vi axit sunfuric t
250
0
C: CaF
2
+H
2
SO
4
-->CaSO
4
+2HF.
Tnh cht t bit ca axit flohidric l tc dng vi silic ioxit, nn c dng khc thy tinh:
SiO
2
+4HF-->SiF
4
+2H
2
O.
SiF
4
: Silic tetraflorua.
Mui ca axit flohdric l florua. AgF d tan trong nc (khc vi AgCl, AgBr, AgI kt ta). Mui florua
iu c.
-Hp cht ca flo vi oxi: v m in ca flo ln hn oxi nn electron lin kt b ht v pha flo, nn
trong OF
2
flo c s oxi ha -1 cn oxi c s oxi ha +2. Oxi florua (OF
2
) c iu ch bng cch cho flo
qua dung dch NaOH long (khong 2%) v lm lnh: 2F
2
+NaOH-->2NaF+H
2
O+OF
2
.

l cht kh mu vng lc, mi xc, nng hn khng kh 2,5 ln(kh clo rt c)
*Tnh cht ha hc:
Clo l phi kim hot ng mnh, n c m in ln ch ng sau Flo v Oxi nn clo l cht oxi
ha mnh. Clo c s oxi ha: -1,+1,+3,+5,+7. Do clo cng c tnh kh.
1.tc dng vi kim loi:Clo oxi ha hu ht cc kim loi, phn ng xy ra nhanh v ta nhiu nhit:
2Na+Cl
2
-->2NaCl.
2Fe+3Cl-->2FeCl
3
.
2.tc dng vi hidro: ch cn c nh sng hoc h nng clo phn ng mnh vi Hidro v gy n mnh:
Cl
2
+H
2
-->HCl.
3.tc dng vi nc: clo phn ng chm vi nc: Cl
2
+H
2
O HCl+HClO.
4. vi dung dch km Clo phn ng d hn: Cl
2
+2NaOH-->NaCl+NaClO+H
2
O.(nc Javel). Ta thy Cl t oxi
ha-kh.
5.tc dng vi mui Halogen khc: v tnh oxi ha: F>Cl>Br>I, do Clo oxi ha c Brom va iot.
Cl
2
+2NaBr-->2NaCl+Br
2
. Cl
2
+2NaI-->2NaCl+I
2
.
6. tc dng vi cc cht kh khc:Clo oxi ha c nhiu cht: Cl
2
+2H
2
O+SO
2
-->2HCl+H
2
SO
4
.
Cl
2
+2FeCl
2
-->2FeCl
3
.
Trong t nhin Clo c trong NaCl, KCl v trong cc khon vt cacnalit KCl.MgCl
2
.6H
2
O v xinvinit
NaCl.KCl.
** iu Ch: nguyn tt iu ch Clo l oxi ha ion Cl
-
thanh Cl
2
.
-trong phng th nghim: Mn+4HCl MnCl
2
+2H
2
O+Cl
2
.
2KMnO
4
+16HCl-->KCl+2MnCl
2
+8H
2
O+5Cl
2
; kClO
3
+6HCl-->KCl+3H
2
O+3Cl
2
.
-trong cng nghip: NaCl+2H
2
O H
2
+Cl
2
+2NaOH.
Hidro Clorua axit clohidric (HCl): l cht kh khng mu, mi xc nng hn khng kh 1,26%. V tan
nhiu trong nc tao thnh axit.
-tnh cht ha hc: kh HCl kh khng tc dng vi CaCO
3
to thnh CO
2
. Khng lm qu ha , tc
dng kh khn vi kim loi.
nhng dung dch HCl l 1 axit mnh: Mg(OH)
2
+2HCl-->MgCl
2
+2H
2
O;
Cu+2HCl -->CuCl+H
2
O
CaCO
3
+2HCl -->CaCl+H
2
O+CO
2

Fe+2HCl -->FeCl
2
+H
2
.
Th hin tnh kh: KCr
2
O
7
+14HCl-->3Cl
2
+2KCl+2CrCl
3
+7H
2
O
MnO
2
+4HCl-->Cl
2
+MnCl
2
+2H
2
O
Clo
-iu ch: trong phng th nghim: NaCl
rn
+H
2
SO
4 c
NaHSO
4
+HCl
2NaCl
rn
+H
2
SO
4 c
Na
2
SO
4
+2HCl
Trong cng nghip: phng php sunfat: NaCl+H
2
SO
4
nh trn.
Tng hp t hidro v clo: H
2
+Cl
2
-->2HCl
Hp cht c Oxi ca clo: HClO : Axit hipoclor
HClO
2
: Axit clor
HClO
3
: Axit Cloric
HClO
4
: Axit pecloric

HClO HClO
2
HClO
3
HClO
4


-nc gia-ven: 2NaOH+Cl-->NaCl+NaClO+H
2
O. ch yu dng lm cht ty.
NaClO+CO
2
+H
2
O-->NaHCO
3
+HCl.
-Clorua vi: Ca(OH)
2
+Cl
2
-->CaOCl
2
+H
2
O. do c cng thc Cl-Ca-OCl nn n l mui kim loi vi 2 gc a xit.
Cng c dng lm cht ty. v c tnh oxi ha mnh hn gia-ven.
-mui Clorat: 3Cl
2
+5HCl 5KCl+KClO
3
+3H
2
O. c dng ch to thu n.

l cht lng mu nu, d bay hi v rt c.
Khi ung nng brom phn ng vi hidro (khng gy n nh Clo): H
2
+Br
2
2HBr
Brom oxi ha c ion I
-
:Br
2
+NaI-->2NaBr+I
2
.
Brom tc dng vi nc tng t clo nhng kh khn hn: Br
2
+H
2
O HBr+HbrO
Brom th hin tnh kh khi tc dng vi cht oxi ha mnh: Br
2
+5Cl-->HbrO
3
+10HCl.
ng dng: AgBr dng trng ln phim nh: 2AgBr 2Ag+Br
2
.
Mt s hp cht ca Brom:
-hidro bromua v axit bromhidric (HBr): iu ch: PBr
3
+H
2
O-->H
3
PO
3
+3HBr.
HBr l mt axit mnh, mnh hn HCl. Kh c H
2
SO
4
t thnh SO
2
: 2HBr+H
2
SO
4
-->Br
2
+SO
2
+2H
2
O.
Dung dch HBr khng mu, lu trong khng kh tr thnh vng nu v: 4HBr+O
2
-->2H
2
O+2Br
2
.
Hp cht cha oxi ca brom:
Axit hipobrom (HBrO): Br
2
+H
2
O-->HBr+HbrO
Axit bromic (HBrO
3
) v axit pebromic(HBrO
4
) c iu ch bng cch cho nc clo oxi ha brom.
Cc hp cht cha oxi ca brom yu hn cc hp cht cha oxi ca clo.

Iot l tinh th mo en tm c v sng im loi. khi ung nng iot p xut kh quyn iot khng ha
lng m bin thnh hi, , khi lm lnh li chuyn thnh tinh th, khng qua trang thi lng. hin tng
ny gi l s thng hoa.
Iot l cht c tnh oxi ha mnh, nhng km hn Brom: 2Al+2I 2AlI
3
. H
2
+I
2 2HI

mt

s hp cht ca Iot:
-hidro iotua v axit iothidric: (HI) l cht km bn, pn hy 300
0
C: 2HI H
2
+I
2
.
Brom
hidro iotua l a xit mnh, mnh hn HBr. Kh axit sun fuarit t thng H
2
S v mui st (III) thnh mui
st (II):
8HI+H
2
SO
4 c
-->4I
2
+H
2
S+4H
2
O
2HI+2FeCl
3
-->2FeCl
2
+I
2
+2HCl.
Mt s hp cht khc: AgI kt ta mu vng, PbI
2
kt ta mu vng.
2NaI+Cl
2
-->2NaCl+I
2
. 2NaI+Br
2
-->2NaBr+I
2
.
Lu : tnh oxi ha: F>Cl>Br>I
Tnh a xit: HF<HCl<HBr<HI.
AgF l cht tan, AgCl kt ta mu trng, AgBr kt ta mu vng nht, AgI kt ta mu vng.




Click vo y tm hiu lch s pht hin iot?
I. TRNG THI T NHIN. IU CH

1. Trng thi t nhin

- Hm lng nguyn t iot ( dng hp cht) c trong v tri t l t nht so vi cc halogen
khc.


Mu KI Cu trc tinh th KI
Hp cht ca iot c trong nc bin ( rt t), rong bin, trong tuyn gip ca ngi ( tuy vi
lng rt nh nhng c vai tr rt quan trng:nu thiu iot ngi ta s b bnh bu c)

2. iu ch

Nn iu ch iot t rong bin hay nc bin? V sao?
- T rong bin (I
-
), ngi ta phi kh rong bin, t thnh tro, ngm tro trong nc, gn ly
dung dch em c cn cho n khi phn ln mui clorua v sunfat lng xung, cn mui iotua
li trong dung dch. Cho dung dch ny tc dng vi cht oxi ho oxi ho I
-
thnh I
2
.


II. TNH CHT. NG DNG

1. Tnh cht

a. Tnh cht vt l

Qua on phim, cho bit trng thi, mu sc, nhn xt hin tng khi un nng nh iot?
- iu kin thng, iot l tinh th mu en tm c v sng kim loi.

- Khi un nng nh, iot t rn chuyn sang hi mu tm ( khng qua trng thi lng) >hin
tng ny gi l s thng hoa.

- t tan trong nc, phn tan trong nc to ra dung dch gi l nc iot; tan nhiu trong dung
mi hu c: ancol etylic, xng, benzen,

- Iot to thnh vi h tinh bt mt cht c m u xanh. Nn dung dch iot c dng lm thuc
th nhn bit h tinh bt v h tinh bt c dng nhn bit iot.

Nhn xt v gii thch hin tng trong th nghim?
b. Tnh cht ho hc

C tnh oxi ho mnh ( km brom)

b.1. Tc dng kim loi

Nhn xt hin tng th nghim? So snh vi th nghim Br2 td Al trong bi brom? Nhn xt?
- Phn ng ch xy ra khi un nng hoc c cht xc tc.


b.2. Tc dng Hiro

- Phn ng xy ra nhit rt cao, v c mt cht xc tc, phn ng to hiro iotua l phn
ng thu nhit;

- Phn ng l thun nghch


2. ng dng

- Iot c dng di dng cn iot (dung dch iot 5% trong ancol etylic) lm cht st trng;
mt s dc phm khc,


- Mui iot (mui n c trn vi mt lng nh KI hoc KIO
3
)


III. MT S HP CHT CA IOT

1. Hiro iotua v axit iothiric

- Trong cc hiro halogenua, hiro iotua (HI) km bn vi nhit hn c. 300
0
C, n b phn
hu mnh thnh iot v hiro


- Hiro iotua d tan trong nc to thnh dung dch axit iothiric, l axit rt mnh (mnh hn
axit HCl, HBr) (Gii thch?)

- Hiro iotua c tnh kh mnh (mnh hn HBr)

Nhn xt hin tng th nghim? D on sn phm phn ng?

2. Mt s hp cht khc

* Mui iotua: l mui ca axit iothiric.

- a s mui iotua d tan trong nc; mt s mui khng tan nh AgI (mu vng), PbI
2
(mu
vng),

- Tc dng vi nc Br
2
, Cl
2


CG C
Cu 1: Tnh axit ca cc dung dch mi cht gim dn t tri sang phi trong dy no sau
y?

A. HI>HBr>HCl>HF.

B. HCl>HBr>HI>HF.

C. HF >HBr >HCl>HI.

D. HF>HCl>HBr>HI.

Cu 2: Phn ng no sau y khng xy ra?

A. FeCl
2
+ Br
2

B. Cl
2
+ KI

C. FeS + HCl

D. I
2
+ FeCl
3

Cu 3: C mt cc dung dch khng mu KI. Thm vo cc vi git h tinh bt, sau
thm mt t nc clo. Hin tng quan st c l

A. dung dch c mu vng nht.

B. dung dch vn khng mu.

C. dung dch c mu nu.

D. dung dch c mu xanh.

Cu 4: Ion no c tnh kh mnh nht trong s cc ion sau?

A. F
-
.

B. Br
-
.

C. Cl
-
.

D. I
-
.

Cu 5: Cho phng trnh ho hc:

2HI + 2FeCl
3

2FeCl
2
+ I
2
+ 2HCl

Hy chn phng n ng.

A. HI l cht oxi ho.

B. FeCl
3
l cht kh.

C. HI l cht kh.

D. HI va l cht kh va l cht oxi ho.

Filed under: Bi ging, Halogen | 22 phn hi
BROM
Posted on Thng Mt 10, 2008 by Phan Vinh

Click vo y xem lch s tm ra nguyn t brom
I. TRNG THI T NHIN. IU CH

1. Trng thi t nhin

- Brom tn ti trong t nhin dng hp cht, ch yu l mui bromua ca kali,
natri, magie.


Mu aBr
- Bromua kim loi c trong nc bin, nc ca mt s h cng vi mui clorua

2. iu ch

Sc kh clo qua dung dch bromua


(Trong cng nghip, ngun iu ch Br
2
l nc bin. Hy cho bit chu trnh iu
ch Brom trong cng nghip?)

Sau khi ly mui n khi nc bin, phn cn li cha nhiu mui bromua ca natri
v kali. thu brom, ngi ta cho kh clo sc qua dung dch brom

II. TNH CHT. NG DNG

1. Tnh cht

a. Tnh cht vt l



Qua hnh nh, hs cho bit trng thi, mu sc?

-

Brom l cht lng, mu nu, d bay hi.


-

Brom rt c, v gy bng nng

b. Tnh cht ho hc

- Tnh oxi ho mnh ( so snh vi flo, clo v iot? gii thch?)

b.1. Tc dng kim loi ( hu ht cc kim loi)


b.2. Tc dng hiro


=> brom phn ng vi hiro khi un nng ( khng gy n), phn ng to nhit

b.3. Tc dng vi hp cht


=> Br
2
c tnh oxi ho mnh hn I
2


=> Tc dng vi nc tng t clo, nhng kh khn hn ( v sao?)


=> Tc dng vi cht oxi ho mnh, brom th hin tnh kh.

2. ng dng

- Brom dng ch to mt s dc phm, phm nhum,ch to bc bromua (
AgBr) l cht nhy cm nh sng trng ln phim nh



III. MT S HP CHT CA BROM

1. Hiro bromua v axit bromhiric

* iu ch: thu phn photpho tribromua


Trong thc t, ngi ta cho brom tc dng trc tip vi photpho v nc.

( C th s dng phn ng NaBr + H
2
SO
4
c c khng? V sao?)

* Tnh cht

- Hiro bromua l cht kh, khng mu, bc khi trong khng kh m.

- D tan trong nc. Dung dch HBr trong nc c gi l dung dch axit
bromhiric.

- Axit HBr mnh hn axit HCl

- Tnh kh ca HBr ( trng thi kh cng nh trong dung dch) mnh hn HCl.



dd HBr + dd H2S4 c

=> dung dch HF v HCl khng c phn ng ny

( gii thch ti sao dung dch HBr lu ngy khng khng kh th tr nn c mu
vng nu?)

- Trong cc mui ca axit bromhiric, AgBr c s dng nhiu nht. Cht ny b
phn hu khi gp nh sng


( Gii thch tc dng ca bc bromua trong phim nh?)

2. Hp cht cha oxi ca brom

a. HBrO : axit hipobrom

* iu ch: Cho brom tc dng vi nc


* Tnh cht

- Tnh bn, tnh oxi ho v tnh axit ca HBrO u km hn HClO

b. Axit bromic ( HBrO
3
)

* iu ch: cho nc clo oxi ho brom


CG C
Cu 1: Cho phng trnh ho hc:

Br
2
+ 5Cl
2
+ 6H
2
O > 2HBrO
3
+ 10HCl

Vai tr cc cht tham gia phn ng l:

A. Brom l cht oxi ho, clo l cht kh

B. Brom l cht b oxi ho, clo l cht b kh

C. Clo l cht b oxi ho, brom l cht b kh

D. clo l cht oxi ho, brom l cht b kh

Cu 2: Phn ng no sau y chng minh: brom c tnh oxi ho mnh hn iot?

A. Br
2
+ H
2
O -> HBr + HBrO

B. Br
2
+ 2NaI > 2NaBr + I
2

C. Br
2
+ 2NaOH > NaBr + NaBrO + H
2
O

D. Br
2
+ 5Cl
2
+ 6H
2
O > 2HBrO
3
+ 10HCl

Cu 3: Nhng th nghim sau cho bit:

2HBr + H
2
SO
4
c -> Br
2
+ SO
2
+ 2H
2
O

HCl + H
2
SO
4
c > khng phn ng

Nhn xt no sau y l khng ng?

A. HBr kh c H
2
SO
4

B. HBr c tnh kh mnh hn HCl

C. HCl c tnh kh mnh hn HBr

D. H
2
SO
4
oxi ho c HBr nhng khng oxi ho c HCl

Cu 4: Bn cht lin kt ca cc phn t halogen X
2
l:

A. lin kt ion

B. lin kt cng ho tr khng cc

C. lin kt cng ho tr c cc

D. lin kt cho nhn

Cu 5: Khng th iu ch HBr bng phn ng no?

A. Br
2
+ HCl

B. Br
2
+ H
2

C. PBr
5
+ H
2
O

D. Br
2
+ H
2
S

Cu 6: Trong mui NaCl c ln NaBr v NaI. loi 2 mui ny ra khi NaCl ngi ta c th:

A. nung nng hn hp

B. cho dung dch hn hp tc dng vi dung dch Cl
2
d sau c cn dung dch

C. cho hn hp tc dng vi dung dch HCl c

D. cho hn hp tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3

Filed under: Bi ging, Halogen | Th: BROM | 3 phn hi
Flo
Posted on Thng Mt 7, 2008 by Phan Vinh


I. TRNG THI T NHIN. IU CH

1. Trng thi t nhin

-

Tn ti dng hp cht c trong men rng , trong l mt s cy.

-

Phn ln flo tp trung trong hai khong vt l florit (CaF
2
) v criolit (Na
3
AlF
6
hay AlF
3
.3NaF)


Cc mu khong vt florit

Mu khong vt criolit
-

Chim 0.08% khi lng v tri t.

2. iu ch

- Phng php in phn

+ in phn nng chy: hn hp KF+2HF, bnh in phn c cc m lm bng thp c bit
hay ng v cc dng bng than ch. Kh hiro thot ra cc m v kh flo thot ra cc
dng


II. TNH CHT. NG DNG

1. Tnh cht vt l

T hnh nh flo, cho bit trng thi, mu sc flo?

-

iu kin thng, F
2
l cht kh, mu lc nht, rt c.

2. Tnh cht ha hc:

T m in, _qo |i.t tnh PK? Tnh oxi ho ca Flo?

-Tnh oxi ha mnh.

2.1.

Tc dung vi KL: (hu ht KL c Pt, Au)


2.2.

Tc dng vi PK ( tr
O
2
, N
2
)
:

2.3.

Tc dng vi H
2

- Phn ng xy ra nhit rt thp (-252
0
C)


2.4.

Tc dung vi H
2
O:

- F
2
qua nc nng

bc chy, gii phng O

2
.


Phn ng trn chng t tnh oxi ho ca F mnh hn hay yu hn oxi?
* Kt lun: F
2
l cht oxi ha mnh nht trong nhm Halogen.

Flo tc dng c vi dung dch NaCl , y clo ra khi mui khng? v sao?

3. ng dng:

- cht oxi ho cho nhin liu lng dng trong tn la

- Teflon ( l mt cht do cha flo chu c tc dng ca axit, kim v cc ho cht
khc).Teflon c trm vo ni, cho khng dnh,


- Freon ( ch yu l CFCl
3
v CF
2
Cl
2
) c dng trong cc t lnh v my lnh ( tuy nhin khi
c thi ra kh quyn, freon ph hy tng ozon gy hi mi trng. nn chng ang c
thay th dn bng cc cht khc)
Tm t liu: vt liu thay th freon hin nay?

- Dung dch NaF long c dng lm thuc chng su rng.

- Flo cn dng trong cng nghip sn xut nhin liu ht nhn lm giu 235U

III. MT S HP CHT CA FLO

1. Hiro florua v axit flohiric

* iu ch Hiro florua

Cho canxi florua tc dng vi axit sunfuric c 250
0
C


* Tnh cht:

- Hiro florua c t
0
s
=+19,5
0
C

- Tan v hn trong nc, to thnh dung dch axit flohiric, l mt axit yu ( so snh vi axit
HCl)

- Axit HF c tnh cht c bit:

tc dng vi SiO
2
( n mn thy tinh).


Nn ngi ta ng axit HF trong cc chai l bng cht do. Axit HF c dng khc ch ln
thu tinh (click vo y xem m phng)

- Mui ca axit flohiric l florua. AgF d tan trong nc ( khc AgCl, AgBr, AgI), cc mui florua
u c.

2. Hp cht ca flo vi oxi: oxi florua


-

Cng thc: OF
2

( xc nh s oxi ho ca O v F)

-

iu ch: cho flo qua dung dch NaOH long (khong 2%) v lnh




- Oxi florua l cht kh khng mu, c mi c bit, rt c. L cht oxi ho mnh, OF
2
tc
dng vi hu ht cc kim loi v phi kim to thnh oxit v florua

CG C

Cu 1: Trong cc hp cht flo lun c s oxi ho m v flo l phi kim:

A. mnh nht

B. c bn knh nguyn t nh nht

C. c m in ln nht

D. A, B, C u ng

Cu 2: T flo n iot, nhit nng chy v nhit si ca cc n cht halogen bin
i theo quy lut:

A. tng B. khng thay i

C. gim D. va tng va gim

Cu 3: HX ( X l halgen) c th iu ch bng phn ng ho hc:

NaX + H
2
SO
4
c -> HX + NaHSO
4

NaX c th l cht no trong s cc cht sau y?

A. NaCl B. NaCl hoc NaBr

C. NaBr hoc NaI D. NaF hoc NaCl

Cu 4: Dung dch no trong cc dung dch axit sau y khng c cha trong bnh
bng thu tinh?

A. HCl B. H
2
SO
4
C. HF D. HNO
3

Cu 5: Cho phn ng: 2F
2
+ H
2
O >4HF + O
2

Phn ng trn cho bit:

A. flo ch c tnh kh

B. flo ch c tnh oxi ho

C. flo va c tnh oxi ho va c tnh kh

D. flo khng c tnh oxi ho, khng c tnh kh

Cu 6: Ion no khng b oxi ho bng nhng cht ho hc?

A. Cl
-
B. I
-
C. F
-
D. Br
-

Cu 7: Nhng cu hnh electron nguyn t no l ca 2 nguyn t u trong nhm
VIIA?

A. 1s
2
2s
1
v 1s
2
2s
2

B. 1s
2
2s
2
v 1s
2
2s
2
2p
1

C. 1s
2
2s
2

2p
5

v 1s
2
2s
2

2p
6
3s
2

3p
5

D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
v 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6

3s
2
3p
5

Cu 8: Cho cc mui: NaCl (1), NaBr (2), NaI (3), NaF (4). Mun iu ch cc hiro
halogen ta c th dng mui no trong cc mui trn cho tc dng vi H
2
SO
4
c?

A. (1) v (2) B. (2) v (3)

C. (1) v (4) D. (4) v (3)

Cu 9: Dng ho cht no sau y phn bit natri florua v natri clorua?

A. H
2
SO
4
c B. dung dch AgNO
3

C. F
2
D. Cl
2

Cu 10: Khong vt no sau y c cha flo?

A. cacnalit

B. xinvinit

C. pirit

D. criolit

Filed under: Bi ging, Halogen | 5 phn hi
HP CHT C OXI CA CLO
Posted on Thng Mi Hai 31, 2007 by Phan Vinh
I. S LC V CC OXIT V CC AXIT C OXI CA CLO

Tuy khng tc dng trc tip vi oxi nhng clo to ra mt lot oxitc iu ch bng con
ng gin tip.


-

Axit hipoclor l cht oxi ho mnh nht, axit pecloric l cht oxi ho yu nht. ( gii thch)

-

Ngc li, axit hipolor l axit yu nht ( yu hn axit cacbonic) cn axit pecloric l axit mnh
nht ( mnh hn axit sunfuric)

Trong thc t, cc mui ca nhng axit trn c nhiu ng dng, thng gp nht l nc Gia-
ven, clorua vi v mui clorat.

Ti sao Clo c s oxi ho dng trong cc hp cht c oxi trn?

II. NC GIA-VEN, CLORUA VI, MUI CLORAT

1.

Nc Gia-ven

* iu ch:

-Trong phng th nghim: dn kh Cl
2
vo dd NaOH long ngui.


-Trong cng nghip: in phn dung dch NaCl, khng c mng ngn



*Tnh cht: Nc Javen c tnh oxi ha mnh.

- Natri hipolorit l mui ca axit rt yu, d tc dng vi CO
2
trong khng kh to thnh axit
hipoclor


- Do axit hipoclor c tnh oxi ho mnh, nn axit hipoclor c tc dng st trng, ty trng si,
vi giy.

* ng dng:


- Ty trng giy, bng si, st trng, ty u nh v sinh hoc nhng khu vc b nhim
khc,

- Mt lng nh nc Javen dng kh trng ngun nc

2. Clorua vi


* iu ch: Cho kh clo tc dng vi vi ti hoc sa vi 30
0
C, ta thu c clorua vi



=> Clorua vi l mui ca kim loi canxi vi hai loi gc axit: Cl
-
( clorua) v ClO
-
( hipoclorit),
mui ca mt kim loi vi nhiu loi gc axit khc nhau c gi l mui hn tp.

* Tnh cht: l cht bt mu trng, hi mi clo. C tnh oxi ha mnh.

-
Tc dng HCl to Cl
2


-
Tc dng CO
2
( trong khng kh m) tToaxit HClO


* ng dung: Ty trng si, vi, giy
;
ty u cc h rc, cng rnh, x l cc cht c, tinh ch
du m
.
3. Mui clorat

Clorat l mui ca axit cloric ( HClO
3
). Mui quan trng hn c l kali clorat ( KClO
3
)

a)

iu ch

Cho kh clo tc dng vi dung dch kim nng



Hoc iu ch bng cch in phn dung dch KCl 25% nhit 70
0
-75
0
C

a)

Tnh cht:

-

Kali clorat l cht rn kt tinh, khng mu, nng chy 356
0
C.

-

Tan nhiu trong nc nng, t tan trong nc lnh nn khi lm lnh dung dch bo ho, KClO
3
d
dng tch khi dung dch

-

trng thi rn, KClO
3
l cht oxi ho mnh.


b)

ng dng:



-

Lm thuc n, pho hoa

-

Lm dim (u que dim thng cha gn 50% KClO
3

Cch lm dim, ti sao dim chy?

Filed under: Bi ging, Halogen | 1 Comment
HIROCLORUA AXIT CLOHIRIC
Posted on Thng Mi Hai 27, 2007 by Phan Vinh

I. IU CH

1. Trong phng th nghim



phn ng (1) xy ra nhit thng hoc un nng khng qu 250
0
C, phn ng (2) xy ra
nhit cao hn 400
0
C

Ho tan kh hiro clorua vo nc ct, ta thu c dung dch axit clohiric

2. Trong cng nghip

a)

Phng php sunfat: t NaCl v H
2
SO
4
c

b)

Phng php tng hp: t H
2
v Cl
2

click vo y xem m phng
c)

Ngy nay, mt lng ln HCl thu c t qu trnh clo ho cc cht hu c ( ch yu l cc
hirocacbon)

II
. TNH CHT VT L

Trng thi? mu sc ? tnh tan ca Hiroclorua?
Gii thch hin tng th nghim? Ti sao nc phun mnh vo bnh? dung dch trong bnh mt mu, chng t iu
g?
-

Hiro clorua ( HCl) l cht kh khng mu, mi xc, nng hn khng kh

-

Hiro clorua ho lng 85,1
0
C v ho rn -114,2
0
C

-

Hiro clorua rt c, nng cho php ca Hiro clorua trong khng kh l 0,005 mg/lit

- Kh hiro clorua tan nhiu trong nc to thnh dung dch axit axit clohiric ( 0
0
C, 1 th tch
nc ho tan c gn 500 th tch HCl)

( phim axit HCl c, m nt bc khi)

- Dung dch axit HCl c l mt cht lng khng mu, mi xc, bc khi trong khng kh m.

III. TNH CHT HO HC

-

Kh hiro clorua kh khng lm qu tm i mu, khng tc dng c vi CaCO
3
. Dung dch hiro
clorua trong benzen cng c tnh cht tng t hiro clorua kh, khng c tnh axit.

-

Dung dch hiro clorua trong nc (dung dch axit clohiric) l mt dung dch axit mnh

-

Tnh cht ho hc chung ca mt axit? Suy ra axit clohiric tc dng c vi cc cht no?


1. Lm qu tm ho

2. Tc dng vi baz, oxit baz

3. Tc dng vi mui

iu kin phn ng xy ra: sn phm to thnh kt ta hoc bay hi

4. Tc dng vi kim loi ( KL trc Hiro)

Cc ptp:

-
Ngoi ra, trong phn t HCl, clo c s oxi ho -1, c khuynh hng tng nn HCl cn th hin tnh kh khi tc dng
vi cc cht oxi ho mnh ( MnO2 , K2Cr2O7,)


IV. MUI CA AXIT CLOHIRIC. NHN BIT ION CLORUA

1. Mui ca axit clohiric

-

Mui clorua l mui ca axit clohiric.

-

Tnh tan: a s mui clorua d tan trong nc tr mt vi mui khng tan: AgCl, PbCl
2
, CuCl,
Hg
2
Cl
2
( ring PbCl
2
tan kh nhiu trong nc nng)

-

ng dng:

o

NaCl dng lm mui n, lm nguyn liu sn xut clo, NaOH, HCl

o

KCl dng lm phn bn

o

ZnCl
2
dng chng mc g, bi ln b mt kim loi trc khi hn ( v n c tc dng ty g, lm
chc mi hn)

o

AlCl
3
l cht xc tc quan trng trong tng hp hu c

o

BaCl
2
dng tr su bnh trong nng nghip

2. Nhn bit ion clorua ( Cl
-
)


-

Dung dch AgNO
3
l thuc th nhn bit ion clorua ( trong dung dch mui clorua hoc dung
dch axit HCl)


Filed under: Bi ging, Halogen | 2 phn hi
Bi 30: CLO
Posted on Thng Mi Hai 21, 2007 by Phan Vinh

I. TNH CHT VT L

-

Clo l cht kh, mu vng lc, mi xc, nng hn khng kh 2,5 ln

-

Kh clo tan va phi trong nc ( 20
0
C, 1 lit nc ho tan 2,5 lit clo). Dung dch clo trong nc
c mu vng nht.

-

Clo tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c, nht l hexan v cacbon tetraclorua.


-

Kh clo rt c, n ph hoi nim mc ng h hp. Cn phi cn thn khi tip xc vi kh clo.


II. H CH H HC
- Clo c m in ln ( 3,16) ch ng sau flo ( 3,98 ) v oxi ( 3,44). V vy trong hp cht
vi flo, oxi, clo c s oxi ho dng ( +1,+3,+5,+7) cn trong hp cht vi cc nguyn t khc
clo c s oxi ho m ( -1)

-

Clo l phi kim rt hot ng, l cht oxi ho mnh. Trong mt s phn ng, clo cng th hin tnh
kh.

1. Tc dng vi kim loi ( hu ht cc KL)


-

nhn xt hin tng?


2. Tc dng vi hiro


-

nhn xt hin tng?


-

nhit thng hoc trong bng ti, clo oxi ho chm hiro. Nu c chiu sng mnh hoc
h nng th phn ng xy ranhanh. Nu t l s mol H
2
:Cl
2
=1:1 th hn hp s n mnh.

3. Tc dng vi nc v vi dung dch kim

a) Tc dng vi H
2
O

ti sao cho clo vo nc?


-

Khi tan vo nc, 1 phn clo tc dng chm vi nc theo phn ng thun nghch


Axit hipoclor ( clo c s oxi ho +1, km bn) c tnh oxi ho mnh, nn nc clo c tnh dit
khun. Ngoi ra, axit hipoclor c kh nng ph hu cc cht mu, v th clo m c tnh ty
mu.

b) Tc dng vi dung dch kim


4. Tc dng vi mui ca cc halogen khc



Trong cc phn ng trn, clo ng vai tr l cht oxi ho hay cht kh? Kt lun tnh cht ho
hc ca clo?

III. NG DNG


sn xut cc hp cht v c (axit HCl, clorua vi) , ho cht hu c (icloetan, cacbon
tetraclorua chit cht bo, kh du m trn kim loi; thuc dit cn trng; cht do, si tng
hp, cao su tng hp, da gi,)

IV. TRNG THI T NHIN

-

Trong lp v tri t, clo ng th 11 trong tt c cc nguyn t v ng th nht trong cc
halogen.

-

C 2 ng v bn:

-

Tn ti trong t nhin dng hp cht, ch yu l mui clorua. Natri clorua ch yu c trong
nc bin v i dng, cn c dng rn gi l mui m.Kali clorua cng ph bin trong t
nhin, c trong cc khong vt nh cacnalit KCl.MgCl
2
.6H
2
O v xinvinit NaCl.KCl


Qung Cacnalit

Qung xinvinit

Mui n ( NaCl)
V. IU CH

Nguyn tc: oxi ho ion Cl
-
thnh Cl
2

1. Trong phng th nghim

C th dng KMnO
4
hoc KClO
3
(thay cho MnO
2
), khng cn un nng, phn ng xy ra nhit
thng.

Click vo y xem m phng th nghim
PTP:


2. Trong cng nghip

-

in phn dung dch NaCl, c mng ngn.

click vo y xem m phng th nghim

CG C

Cu 1: Tm cu ng trong cc cu sau y?

A. Clo l cht kh khng tan trong nc

B. Clo c s oxi ho -1 trong mi hp cht

C. Clo c tnh oxi ho mnh hn brom v iot

D. clo tn ti trong t nhin di dng n cht v hp cht

Cu 2: Clo tc dng c vi tt c cc cht trong nhm no sau y?

A. Fe, H
2
, FeCl
2
, NaOH B. Ag, O
2
, H
2
, NaOH

C. O
2
, H
2
O, NaOH, NaBr D. Cu, NaI, KOH, FeCl
3

Cu 3: iu ch Clo khng th dng phn ng no?

A. HCl c + MnO
2
B. HCl c + SO
3

C. HCl c + KMnO
4
D. HCl c + KClO
3

Cu 4: S oxi ho ca clo trong cc cht sau: Cl
2
O, HClO
2
, ClF
5
, NaCl, KClO
3
ln lt l:

A. -1; +3; -5; -1; +5 B. +1; +3; +5; -1; +5

C. +1; +3; +5; -1; +7 D. +2; +3; +5; -1; +5

Cu 5: Khi cho HCl c d tc dng vi cng s mol cc cht sau, cht no cho lng
Cl
2
ln nht?

A. KMnO
4
B. MnO
2
C. KClO
3
D. KClO

Cu 6: Cl
2
khng tc dng vi kh no?

A. H
2
B. HBr C. H
2
S D. O
2

Cu 7: Khi m vi nc my, nu ch mt cht s pht hin mi l. l do nc
my cn lu gi vt tch ca cht st trng. chnh l clo v ngi ta gii thch kh
nng dit khun l do:

A. Clo c nn c tnh st trng

B. Clo c tnh oxi ho mnh

C. Clo tc dng vi nc to HClO cht ny c tnh oxi ho mnh

D. Mt nguyn nhn khc

Cu 8: Khng tm thy n cht halogen trong t nhin bi chng c:

A. kh nng nhn 1 eletron

B. tnh oxi ho mnh

C. s electron c thn nh nhau

D. Mt l do khc

Cu 9: Dn 2 lung kh clo i qua dung dch KOH: dung dch th nht long v ngui;
dung dch th hai m c v un nng n 100
0
C. Nu lng mui KCl sinh ra trong 2
dung dch bng nhau th t l th tch Cl
2
i qua 2 dung dch trn l:

A. 5:6 B. 5:3 C. 6:3 D. 8:3

Cu 10: Cho phn ng: Cl
2
+ H
2
O -> HCl + HClO

Phn ng trn cho bit:

A. Clo ch c tnh oxi ho

B. clo ch c tnh kh

C. clo va c tnh oxi ho va c tnh kh

D. Clo khng c tnh oxi ho, khng c tnh kh

Filed under: Bi ging, Halogen | Th: Bi ging, halogen | 2 phn hi
Khi qut v nhm Halogen
Posted on Thng Mi Hai 18, 2007 by Phan Vinh

I. NHM HALOGEN TRONG BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T
Click vo y xem v tr cc nguyn t nhm Halogen ( nhm VIIA) trong bng HTTH?
- V tr cc halogen: Nhm VIIA, cui chu k, ngay trc kh him
- Gm: Flo ( F), Clo ( Cl), Brom ( Br), Iot ( I), Atatin ( At)
- Trong , atatin l nguyn t phng x, khng gp trong thin nhin, c nghin cu trong nhm cc nguyn t
phng x.
II. CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T V CU TO PHN T CA CC NGUYN T TRONG NHM
HALOGEN
c im cu to chung ca cc nguyn t Halogen?
1. Cu hnh electron:
T v tr ca cc nguyn t Halogen, cho bit s electron lp ngoi cng ? cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca
chng?
-
Cu hnh e lp ngoi cng:

( n l s th t lp ngoi cng)
-
S eletron c thn:
T s phn b electron vo obitan, cho bit s electron c thn ca cc nguyn t halogen trng thi c bn v
kch thch?
-

o
trng thi c bn: c 1 e c thn
o
trng thi kch thch:

Nh vy, cc trng thi kch thch, nguyn t clo, brom, iot c th c 3, 5, 7 electron c
thn.

-

S oxi ho:

o

Flo ch c s oxi ho -1 ( Gii thch?)

o

Clo, brom, iot c s oxi ho: -1, +1, +3, +5, +7 ( Gii thch?)

2. Cu to phn t

n cht halogen: gm 2 nguyn t lin kt bng lin kt cng ho tr to thnh phn t X
2


- Nng lng lin kt X-X ca phn t X
2
khng ln ( t 151 n 243 kJ/mol) nn cc phn t
halogen tng i d tch thnh hai nguyn t.

III. Khi qut v tnh cht ca cc halogen

1. Tnh cht vt l:

T hnh nh cc halogen trn, cho bit trng thi v mu sc ca chng? C nhn xt g v
s bin i mu sc, trng thi ca chng t flo n iot?

2. Tnh cht ho hc

T cu hnh e, d on tnh cht ho hc ca cc halogen? Ging nhau? Khc nhau?

- V lp ngoi cng c cu hnh tng t nhau nn cc halogen c nhiu im ging nhau v tnh
cht ho hc ca n cht cng nh thnh phn v tnh cht ca cc hp cht.

- Cc halogen c m in ln. m in ca flo (3,98 ) l ln nht trong tt c cc nguyn t
ho hc.

-

T flo n iot, bn knh nguyn t tng dn v m in gim dn. ( Gii thch?)

Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca cc halogen?

- Halogen l nhng phi kim in hnh, chng l nhng cht oxi ho mnh.

So snh kh nng oxi ho ca cc halogen?


- Tnh oxi ho ca cc halogen gim dn t flo n iot. (gii thch?)

Cc em hy tr li cc cu hi sau:

Cu 1: Ti sao cc nguyn t nhm VIIA c tn gi l halogen?

Cu 2: Ti sao clo, brom, iot c cc s oxi ho -1, +1, +3, +5,+7. Cn flo ch c s oxi ho -1?

Cu 3: Cc halogen ging nhau nh th no v tnh cht ho hc? gii thch?

Cu 4: T flo n iot, tnh cht ho hc ca cc nguyn t bin i nh th no? gii thch?

Cu 5: Nguyn t no c m in ln nht trong tt c cc nguyn t trong bng HTTH?



PHN NHM CH NH
NHM VI I NHM HALOGEN
1. V CC HAGE G H HG H
Gm c cc nguyn t
9
F
17
Cl
35
Br
53
I
85
At. Phn t dng X
2
nh F
2
kh mu lc
nht, Cl
2
kh mu vng lc, Br
2
lng mu nu , I
2
tinh th tm.
D nhn thm mt electron t cu hnh bn vng ca kh him
X + 1e = X
-
(X : F , Cl , Br , I )
F c m in ln nht , ch c s oxi ho 1. Cc halogen cn li ngoi s oxi ho
1 cn c s oxi ho dng nh +1 , +3 , +5 , +7
Tnh tan ca mui bc AgF AgCl AgBr AgI
tan nhiu trng vng lc vng m
2. C trong t nhin Clo c 2 ng v Cl
(75%) v Cl (25%)
Cl
=35,5
Cl
2
c mt lin kt cng ha tr, d dng tham gia phn ng, l mt cht oxiha mnh.
Cl
2
tham gia phn ng vi H
2
, kim loi to clorua vi soh-1.
TC DNG VI KIM LOI (a s kim loi v c t
0
khi mu phn ng) to mui
clorua
2Na + Cl
2
2NaCl
2Fe + 3Cl
2
2FeCl
3

Cu + Cl
2
CuCl
2

TC DNG VI HIDRO (cn c nhit hoc c nh sng)
H
2
+ Cl
2
2HCl
Kh hidro clorua khng c tnh axit ( khng tc vi Fe) , khi ho tan HCl vo nc
mi to thnh dung dch axit.
TC DNG MT S HP CHT C TNH KH
FeCl
2
+ Cl
2
FeCl
3

H
2
S + Cl
2
2HCl + S
Cl
2
cn tham gia phn ng vi vai tr va l cht xiha, va l cht kh.
TC DNG VI NC khi ho tan vo nc , mt phn Clo tc dng (Thun nghch)
Cl

+ H
2
O HCl+ HClO ( Axit hipo clor)
TC DNG VI NaOH to nc Javen
Cl
2
+ 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H
2
O
3. FLO l cht oxiha mnh, tham gia phn ng vi hu ht cc n cht v hp cht
to florua vi soh -1.
TC DNG KIM LOI
Ca + F
2
CaF
2

2Ag + F
2
2AgF
TC DNG VI HIDRO phn ng xy ra mnh hn cc halogen khc , hn hp H
2
,
F
2
n mnh trong bng ti.
H
2
+ F
2
2HF
Kh HF tan vo nc to dung dch HF. Dung dch HF l axit yu, c bit l ha tan
c SiO
2

4HF + SiO
2
2H
2
O + SiF
4
(s n mn thy tinh c ng dng trong k thut khc
trn knh nh v tranh khc ch).
TC DNG NC kh flo qua nc s lm bc chy nc (do gii phng O
2
).
2F
2
+ 2H
2
O 4HF + O
2

Phn ng ny gii thch v sao F
2
khng y Cl
2
, Br
2
, I
2
ra khi dung dch mui hoc
axit trong khi flo c tnh oxiha mnh hn .
4. BRM V IT l cc cht xiha yu hn clo.
TC DNG VI KIM LOI to mui tng ng
2Na + Br
2
2NaBr
2Na + I
2
2NaI
2Al + 3Br
2
2AlBr
3

2Al + 3I
2
2AlI
3

TC DNG VI HIDRO
H
2
+ Br
2
2HBr
H
2
+ I
2
2 HI phn ng xy ra thun nghch.
hot ng gim dn t Cl Br I
Cc kh HBr, HI tan vo nc to dung dich axit
HBrddaxit HBr HI dd axit HI.
V mnh axit th li tng dn t HCl < HBr < HI
5. AXIT CLOHIDRIC (HCl) dung dch axit HCl c y tnh cht ho hc ca
mt axit mnh
TC DNG CHT CH TH dung dch HCl lm qu tm ho (nhn bit axit)
HCl H
+
+ Cl
-

TC DNG KIM LOI (ng trc H trong dy Bktp) to mui (vi ha tr thp
ca kim loi) v gii phng kh hidr
Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2

2 Al + 6HCl 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2

Cu + HClkhng c phn ng
TC DNG OXIT BAZ , BAZ to mui v nc
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H
2
O
CuO + 2HCl CuCl
2
+ H
2
O
Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HCl 2FeCl
3
+ 3H
2
O
TC DNG MUI (theo iu kin phn ng trao i)
CaCO
3
+ 2HCl CaCl
2
+ H
2
O + CO
2

AgNO
3
+ HCl AgCl + HNO
3

( dng nhn bit gc clorua )
Ngoi tnh cht c trng l axit , dung dch axit HCl c cn th hin vai tr cht kh khi
tc dng cht oxi ho mnh nh KMnO
4
, MnO
2

4HCl
-
+ MnO
2
MnCl
2
+ Cl+ 2H
2
O
6. MI CA cha ion m clorua (Cl
-
) v cc ion dng kim loi, NH nh
NaCl ZnCl
2
CuCl
2
AlCl
3

NaCl dng n, sn xut Cl
2
, NaOH, axit HCl
KCl phn kali
ZnCl
2
ty g khi hn, chng mc g
BaCl
2
cht c
CaCl
2
cht chng m
AlCl
3
cht xc tc
7. H BI dng Ag
+
(AgNO
3
) nhn bit cc gc halogenua.
Ag
+
+ Cl
-
AgCl (trng)
(2AgCl 2Ag + Cl
2
)
Ag
+
+ Br
-
AgBr (vng nht)
Ag
+
+ I
-
AgI (vng m)
I
2
+ h tinh bt xanh lam
8. H CH CHA I CA C
Trong cc hp cht cha xi ca clo, clo c soh dng, c iu ch gin tip.
Cl
2
O Clo (I) oxit Cl
2
O
7
Clo(VII) oxit
HClO Axit hipo clor NaClO Natri hipoclorit
HClO
2
Axit clor NaClO
2
Natri clorit
HClO
3
Axit cloric KClO
3
kali clorat
HClO
4
Axit pe cloric KClO
4
kali pe clorat
Tt c hp cht cha oxi ca clo iu l cht xiha mnh.
NC ZAVEN l hn hp gm NaCl, NaClO v H
2
O c tnh xi ha mnh, c iu
ch bng cch dn kh Clo vo dung dch NaOH (KOH)
Cl
2
+ 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H
2
O
(Cl
2
+ 2KOH KCl + KClO + H
2
O)
KALI CLORAT cng thc phn t KClO
3
l cht xiha mnh thng dng iu ch
O
2
trong phng th nghim
2KClO
3
2KCl + O
2

KClO
3
c iu ch khi dn kh clo vo dung dch kim c c un nng n
100
0
c
3Cl
2
+ 6KOH 5KCl + KClO
3
+ 3H
2
O
CLORUA VI cng thc phn t CaOCl
2
l cht xiha mnh, c iu ch bng
cch dn clo vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
c
Cl
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaOCl
2
+ H
2
O
Nu Ca(OH)
2
long 2Ca(OH)
2
+ 2Cl
2
CaCl
2
+ Ca(OCl)
2
+ 2H
2
O
9. I CH C nguyn tc l kh cc hp cht Cl
-
to Cl
0

TRONG PHNG TH NGHIM cho HCl m c tc dng vi cc cht xiha mnh
2KMnO
4
+ 16HCl 2KCl + 2MnCl
2
+ 5Cl
2
+ 8H
2
O
MnO
2
+ 4HCl MnCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ 2H
2
O
TRONG CNG NGHIP dng phng php in phn
2NaCl + 2H
2
OH
2
+ 2NaOH + Cl
2

2NaCl 2Na+ Cl
2

10. I CH HCl
PHNG PHP SUNFAT cho NaCl tinh th vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
m c
2NaCl
tt
+ H
2
SO
4
Na
2
SO
4
+ 2HCl
NaCl
tt
+ H
2
SO
4
NaHSO
4
+ HCl
PHNG PHP TNG HP t hn hp kh hidro v kh clo
H
2
+ Cl
2
2HCl hidro clorua
11. I CH HF bng phng php sunfat
CaF
2(tt)
+ H
2
SO
4
() CaSO
4
+ 2HF
HY SUNFUA
3 04 2010
1. Cu to
Phn t hirsunfua c cu to ging phn t nc. Nguyn t S c 2 electron c
thn phn lp 3p to ra 2 lin kt cng ho tr c cc vi 2 nguyn t hir.
2. L tnh
- iu kin thng H
2
S l kh khng mu, mi trng thi, rt c, d=34/29=1,17
nng hn khng kh.
- Nhit nng chy -85,5
o
C, nhit si l -61,8
o
C.
- trng thi lng cng phn li nh nc nhng mc yu hn.
- Hirsunfua t tan trong nc 2,5(l) H
2
S tan trong 1(l) nc.
3. Ho tnh
Trong phn t H
2
S lu hunh c s oxi ho l -2 l s oxi ho thp nht nn c kh
nng nhng electron th hin tnh kh, ngoi ra dung dch H
2
S cn th hin tnh axit
yu do H
+
.
a/ Tnh axit
Hirsunfua tan trong nc rt t, khi tan to thnh dung dch axit c tn gi l axit
sunfuhiric (H
2
S). Tuy nhin axit sunfuhiric rt yu, yu hn axit cacbonic khng
lm i mu qu tm.

Do c tnh axit ca H
+
nn phn ng c vi dung dch kim to thnh hai mui:
hirsunfua v mui sunfua.

b/ nh kh mnh
Tc dng vi cc cht oxi ho:
H
2
S + O
2
> SO
2
+ H
2
O (d oxi)
H
2
S + O
2
> S + H
2
O ( thiu oxi),
phng trnh ny dng thu hi S trong kh thi cc nh my.
4. rng thi t nhin
- Trong t nhin hirsunfua c trong nc sui, kh ni la, thot ra t prtin b
phn hu.
- Trong cng nghip khng iu ch hirunfua, n l sn phm ph ca qu trnh
tinh ch du m v kh t nhin.
- Phng th nghim iu ch bng phn ng ca dung dch axit clohiric vi mui
sunfua.
FeS + 2 HCl > H
2
S + FeCl
2

5. nh cht ca mui sunfua
- Mui sunfua ca kim loi IA, IIA (tr Be) u tan trong nc.
- Do axit sunfuhiric yu nn mui sunfat d dng b cc axit mnh hn y ra khi
dung dch mui.
Na
2
S + 2HCl > 2NaCl + H
2
S
hn bit mi sunfua:
+ Mui PbS (mu en), CuS(mu en), Khng tan trong nc, khng tc dng
vi dung dch axit long nh H
2
SO
4
, HCl,
+ Mui sunfua ca nhng kim loi ZnS, FeS, khng tan trong nc nhng tan trong
cc axit long HCl, H
2
SO
4
, to ra kh H
2
S.
HY PEOXIT
3 04 2010
1. Cu to phn t ca hir peoxit
- Hir peoxit (nc oxi gi) c cng thc phn t l H
2
O
2.

Do oxi c m in ln hn hir nn lin kt gia O-H l lin kt cng ho tr
phn cc, cp electron dng chung b lch v pha oxi.
1. 2. nh cht ca hir peoxit
a/ L tnh
- L cht lng khng mu, nng hn nc.
- Tan v hn trong nc, ho rn -48
o
C.
b/ Ho tnh
- L cht km bn d b phn hu thnh H
2
O v O
2
, phn ng to nhiu nhit,
phn ng nhanh hn nu dng cht xc tc:

hn xt: s oxi ho ca oxi trong phn t H
2
O
2
l -1 l s oxi ho trung gian gia -2
v 0 nn H
2
O
2
va c tnh oxi ho va c tnh kh.
+ H
2
O
2
th hin tnh oxi ho khi tc dng vi cht kh


+ H
2
O
2
th hin tnh kh khi tc dng vi cht oxi ho

1. 3. ng dng
- Cht ty trng bt giy, t si, lng, len, vi,
- Dng lm nguyn liu sn xut bt git.
- Dng trong cng nghip ho cht, kh trng ht ging,.
OZON
2 04 2010
1. Cu to:
Phn t O
3
c ba nguyn t oxi lin kt vi nhau. Nguyn t oxi trung tm to lin kt
cho nhn vi mt trong hai nguyn t oxi v hai lin kt cng ho tr vi nguyn t
cn li.
2. L tnh:
- O
3
iu kin thng l cht kh mu xanh nht mi c trng.
- O
3
lng c mu xanh thm, O
3
rn l nhng tinh th mu tm xm.
- Do phn t O
3
phn cc nn O
3
tan nhiu trong nc hn oxi (gp 16 ln).
- -112
o
C kh O
3
ho lng.
1.3. Ho tnh:
- Trn tng cao kh quyn O
3
c to thnh t O
2
do nh hng ca tia cc tm (UV)
hoc s phng in trong cn dng.


- O
3
l 1 cht oxi ho mnh ch km flo, mnh hn O
2
rt nhiu.
- Do c ho tnh mnh nn O
3
phn ng vi hu ht cc kim loi tr Au, Pt phn ng
c vi Ag ngay nhit thng v phn ng vi hp cht.

- O
2
ch oxi ho c trong mi trng axit cn trong mi trng trung tnh th khng
phn ng. Trong khi , O
3
oxi ho trong mi trng trung tnh. Phn ng ny c
dng nhn bit O
3
.

1. 4. ng dng ca ozon:
- Khng kh cha mt lng nh ozon (di 10% theo th tch) c th lm khng
kh trong lnh. Lng ln hn c th gy c i vi con ngi.
- c ng dng dng ty trng tinh bt, du n,
- Dng kh trng nc n, kh mi, bo qun hoa qu, cha su rng,
Khi qut nhm VI Oxi
31 03 2010
a/ c im:
- Cc nguyn t nhm VIA trong bng h thng tun hon c gi l nhm oxi gm
cc nguyn t: O(oxi), S(lu hunh), Se(selen), Te(telu), Po(poloni). Nhm oxi theo
ting hi lp cn c tn gi cancogen c ngha l c kh nng sinh ra
qung.
- Cc nguyn t nhm oxi l nhng phi kim hot ng ho hc tng i mnh (tr
Po l kim loi c tnh phng x), so vi cc halogen c mc yu hn.
- C kh nng phn ng vi nhiu n cht (kim loi v phi kim) v hp cht (hp
cht v c v hp cht hu c).
b/ Cu to:
- Do c c im chung l cha 6 electron lp v ngoi cng (ns
2
np
4
), nn c xu
hng thu thm 2 electron na c cu hnh ging vi kh him.
.
ns
2
np
4

X + 2e > X
2-

- Nguyn t oxi khc vi cc nguyn t nguyn t khc cn li trong nhm l khng
c phn lp d ( lp th 3 mi bt u xut hin phn lp d m oxi ch in electron
n lp th 2).
- Cc nguyn t S, Se, Te c phn lp d trng nn khi b kch thch cc electron
phn lp s v p c th nhy ln phn lp d trng, c 4 electron c thn v 6 electron
ln lt c s oxi ho l +4 v +6 trong mt s hp cht vi nguyn t nguyn t c
m in ln hn ( v d SO
2
, SO
3
).
OXI
1. Cu to
Oxi (z=8) cu hnh electron 1s
2
2s
2
2p
4

Electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t oxi (v cc obital v in electron vo)
-C 6 electron lp ngoi cng cn thiu 2 electron na t cu hnh ging vi kh
him nn mi nguyn t oxi b ra 2 electron dng chung hnh thnh 2 lin kt cng
ho tr khng phn cc nn oxi c cng thc cu to l: O=O, cng thc phn t l
O
2
.
- m in ca oxi l 3,5 nh hn m in ca flo l 4 nn oxi c tnh oxi ho
mnh.
- Cc s oxi ho: -2 (thng gp nht), -1 (H
2
O
2
), +2 (trong hp cht vi nguyn t
nguyn t c m in ln hn nh: OF
2
).
2. nh cht vt l:
- iu kin thng l cht kh khng mu, khng mi, khng v.
- Do c cng thc cu to gm 2 lin kt cng ho tr khng phn cc nn phn t oxi
khng phn cc dn n t tan trong nc (nc l dung mi phn cc, cht tan v
dung mi c cng bn cht d tan vo nhau).
- d
O2/kk
= 32/29 >1 nn phn t oxi nng hn khng kh.
- Oxi tn ti trong t nhin di 3 dng ng v bn:
16
O,
17
O,
18
O.
- Ngoi dng O
2
ta cn gp dng th hnh (l dng tn ti khc ca cng mt nguyn
t) ca oxi l O
3
(ozon).
- Oxi ho lng khi b nn nhit cao v p sut cao, oxi lng l mt cht mu xanh
nht c cng thc phn t l O
4
.
- Oxi ho tan nhiu trong mt s kim loi nng chy nhng khi kim loi ho rn oxi
nhanh chng thot ra ngoi lm cho b mt kim loi thng b r.
3. nh cht ho hc:
O
0
+ 2e -> O
2-

T c im cu hnh ta d on c oxi c tnh oxi ho.
a/ c dng vi n cht:
c dng vi kim loi:
O
2
tc dng vi hu ht cc kim loi khi c un nng tr cc kim loi qu nh Au,
Pt,

c dng vi cc phi kim:
O
2
tc dng vi hu ht cc phi kim tr cc halogen

b/ c dng vi hp cht:
c dng vi hp cht v c


c dng vi hp cht hu c

4. iu ch
a/ rong phng th nghim
Nguyn tc: i t hp cht giu oxi km bn nhit nh: KMnO
4
, KClO
3
, H
2
O
2
, mui
nitrat,

b/ rong cng nghip
- T khng kh: khng kh c ho lng loi b CO
2
v HO
2
nhit rt thp
sau chng ct phn on ly N
2
trc ri thu O
2
.
- T nc:
in phn


- Trong t nhin
nh sng

CO
2
+ H
2
O

> C
6
H
12
O
6
+ 6 O
2

dip lc t

15 05 2010
- Ngi ta khc ch, hnh ln thy tinh bng cch dng acid HF : do SiO
2
tan
c trong HF to ra SiF
4
.
- kh kh Clo c trong phng th nghim, ngi ta xt kh NH
3
do kh ny
gp Clo to NH
4
Cl, hn na NH
3
nh hn khng kh nn d dng bay i.
- Clo c kh nng dit khun: Khi clo ho tan vo nc to axit hypocloric
khng bn. Khi gp nh sng hoc nhit, axit ny to oxi mi sinh. Cc vi
khun gp oxi mi sinh, cc cht kh bn trong chng b phn hu, vi khun s
b tiu dit. KMnO
4
cng c tnh cht ny nn cng dng dit khun
- Bt ty trng c kh nng ty trng: bt ny c thnh phn quan trng l clorua
vi. Trong khng kh hoc axit, clorua vi to axit hipocloric, axit ny to oxi
mi sinh, c kh nng ty trng
- Bc phim sng bng giy en: phim sng c trng mt lp bc bromua nhy
cm vi nh sng. Khi c nh sng chiu vo n s b phn hu
- Nc javel lu ngoi khng kh s gim tc dung ty mu, do NaClO b
phn hy thnh NaCl v NaClO
3

NaClO > NaCl + NaClO
3

V d: Bng phng php ho hc, hy nhn bit cc kh sau:
a) Cl2, O2, HCl, N2
- Dng qu tm m:
+ Nhn c Clo ( do qu tm mt mu)
+ Nhn c HCl ( do qu tm ho )
- Dng que m cn tn :
+ Nhn c O2 ( do que m bng chy)
+ Nhn c N2 ( que m tt)
b) O2, O3, SO2, CO2
- Dng dung dch Br2: Nhn c SO2 ( do lm mt mu dd Br2)
SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O -> 2HBr + H2SO4
- Dng nc vi trong ( dd ca(OH)2): nhn c CO2 ( lm c nc vi trong)
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 -> CaCO3 + H2O
- Dng l Ag ( hoc dd KI thm t h tinh bt): nhn c O3 ( lm l Ag chuyn sang mu en (hoc xut hin dd
mu xanh ))
2Ag + O3 -> Ag2O + O2
hoc (O3 + 2KI + H2O -> 2KOH + O2 + I2; I2 + htb -> xut hin mu xanh)
- Cn li khng hin tng l O2
* LU :
- KHNG DNG QUE M PHN BIT O2 V O3 V KHI CHO QUE M VO O2 V O3, QUE M U
CHY SNG.
- KHNG DNG NC VI TRONG ( DD Ca(OH)2 PHN BIT SO2 V CO2 V C CO2 V SO2 U LM
C NC VI TRONG
SO2 + Ca(OH)2 -> CaSO3 + H2O
III. Kim loi tc dng vi lu hunh
Phn ng gia kim loi (M) v lu hunh (S)
M + S > mui sunfua
Phn ng c th hon ton hoc khng hon ton
* Phn ng hon ton th sau p thu c :
- Mui sunfua ( Kim loi M ht, S ht)
- Hoc mui sunfua, Kim loi (M) d: khi cho hh cc cht trn tc dng vi dung dch
axit s cho hn hp kh H
2
S v H
2

- Hoc mui sunfua, lu hunh (S) d: khi cho cc cht trn tc dng vi dung dch axit
s cho kh H
2
S v cht rn (S) khng tan.
* Nu phn ng khng hon ton th sau p thu c:
- Mui sunfua, S d, M d: khi ho tan trong axit th thu uc hn hp 2 kh H
2
S v
H
2
v 1 cht rn (S) khng tan
V d:
1) un nng hon ton hn hp bt gm st v lu hunh. em ho tan cht rn sau
phn ng trong dung dch HCl d thy c 4,48 lit kh thot ra. Nu em ht lng kh
ny cho vo dung dch Pb(NO
3
)
2
d th cn li 2,24 lit kh. Cc th tch u o
ktc.Tnh % khi lng ca st v lu hunh trong hn hp u v tnh khi lng kt
ta to thnh trong dung dch Pb(NO
3
)
2
?
Gii

2) Cho sn phm to thnh khi nung hn hp 5,6 gam st v 1,6 gam bt lu hunh
vo 500 ml dung dch HCl th c 1 hn hp kh bay ra v mt dung dch A ( hiu sut
phn ng 100%).
a) Tnh thnh phn phn trm th tch hn hp kh to thnh?
b) trung ho HCl cn d trong dung dch A phi dng 125 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1
M. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch HCl?
3) Cho 6,45 gam mt hn hp gm lu hunh v 1 kim loi M ( ho tr 2) vo mt bnh
kn khng cha Oxi. Nung bnh cho n khi phn ng hon ton thu c hn hp B.
Cho hn hp B tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu oc kh C v 1,6 gam cht rn D
khng tan. Cho kh C i t t qua 1 dung dch Pb(CH
3
COO)
2
c kt ta cn nng 11,95
g. Xc nh kim loi M v tnh khi lng M v lu hunh trong hn hp ban u?
4) Mt hn hp X gm bt lu hunh v mt kim loi M ho tr 2 c khi lng l 25,9
g. Cho X vo 1 bnh kn khng cha khng kh. Thc hin phn ng gia M v S ( phn
ng hon ton) thu c cht rn A. khi cho A tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, A tan
ht to ra hn hp kh B c V=6,72 lit (kc) v t khi i vi Hiro bng 11,666. Xc
nh thnh phn hn hp kh B, tn kim loi M v khi lng S v M trong hn hp X?
5) Mt hn hp Y gm Zn v lu hunh; Cho M v S phn ng hon ton vi nhau to
ra cht rn C. Khi cho C tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th cn li 1 cht rn D khng
tan cn nng 6 gam v thu c 4,48 lit kh E c t khi ca E i vi hiro l 17. Tnh
khi lng Y?
6) Mt hn hp Z gm km v lu hunh; nung nng hn hp trong bnh kn khng c
oxi thu c cht rn F. Khi cho F tc dng vi dung dch HCl d li mt cht rn G
khng tan cn nng 1,6 gam v to ra 8,96 lit hn hp kh (kc) c t khi i vi hiro
bng 17. Tnh khi lng hn hp Z v hiu sut phn ng gia M v S?
IV. Cc oxit axit ( CO
2
, SO
2
) hoc cc a axit ( H
2
S, H
3
PO
4
,) tc dng vi
dung dch kim: NaOH, Ca(OH)
2
, Ba(OH)
2
,
Cho SO
2
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH th c th xy ra cc phn ng:
SO
2
+ NaOH > NaHSO
3
(1)
SO
2
+ 2NaOH -> Na
2
SO
3
+ H
2
O (2)

Cho CO
2
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH th c th xy ra cc phn ng:
CO
2
+ NaOH > NaHCO
3
(1)
CO
2
+ 2NaOH -> Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O (2)
p t l tng t bng trn
Cho H
2
S tc dng vi dung dch NaOH th c th xy ra cc phn ng:
H
2
S+ NaOH > NaHS + H
2
O (1)
H
2
S+ 2NaOH -> Na
2
S + 2H
2
O (2)
p t l tng t bng trn
V d:
Bi 1: Tnh khi lng cc cht thu c sau phn ng trong cc trng hp sau:
a) Dn 2,24 lit kh hirosunfua vo 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M
b) Dn 13,44 lit SO
2
vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH 2M
c) Dn 0,672 lit SO
2
vo 1 lit dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0.02 M
Gii
* Hng dn:
Bc 1: Tnh s mol H
2
S v s mol NaOH
Bc 2: Lp t l:
xc nh sn phm v vit phng trnh phn ng
Bc 3: tin hnh tnh s mol sn phm => khi lng sn phm
a)

b)

c)



Bi 2: Dn 12, 8 gam SO
2
vo 50 ml dung dch NaOH 25% ( d= 1,28 gam /ml). Mui
no c to thnh? Tnh C% ca n trong dung dch thu c?
Bi 3: t chy hon ton 8,96 lit H
2
S (ktc) ri ho tan tt c sn phm sinh ra vo
80 ml dung dch NaOH 25% ( d= 1,28 g/ml). Tnh nng phn trm ca cc cht
trong dung dch thu c?
Bi 4: Mt hn hp X gm 2mui sunfit v hirosunfit ca cng mt kim loi kim
- Cho 43,6 gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long d. Cht kh A sinh ra
lm mt mu va 400 ml dung dch KMnO
4
0,3M
2KMnO
4
+ 5SO
2
+2 H
2
O 2MnSO
4
+ 2KHSO
4
+ H
2
SO
4

- Mt khc, 43,6 gam hn hp X cng tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M.
a) Xc nh tn kim loi kim? % khi lng mi mui trong hn hp X?
b) Cho ton b kh A sinh ra hp th vo 500 gam dung dch Ba(OH)
2
6,84%. Tnh
nng phn trm ca dung dch thu c?
c) Tnh khi lng dung dch Ba(OH)
2
6,84% ti thiu dng hp thu ton b lng
kh A ni trn?
Bi 5: Dn V lit (kc) kh CO
2
qua dung dch c cha 0,1 mol Ca(OH)
2
thu c 6 gam
kt ta. Lc b kt ta, ly dung dch nc lc un nng li thu c kt ta na. Tnh
V?
Bi 6: Cho 16,8 lit kh CO
2
(ktc) hp th hon ton vo 600 ml dung dch NaOH 2M
thu c dung dch X. Nu cho mt lng d dung dch BaCl
2
vo dung dch X th thu
oc lng kt ta bao nhiu?
Bi 7: Dn V lit kh CO
2
(kc) hp th vo dung dch c cha 0,5 mol Ca(OH)
2
thy c
25 gam kt ta. Tnh V?
Filed under: Bi tp, Oxi - Lu hunh, Phng php gii ton ha hc v c, T
lun | Th: Bi tp, oxi, T lun | 14 phn hi
hng php gii ton Ho hc. Cc bi ton chng oxi
lu hunh
Posted on Thng Ba 7, 2008 by Phan Vinh
MT S BI TON CHNG OXI LU HUNH
I. Xc nh % theo th tch, % theo khi lng ca hn hp kh da vo t
khi hi
- Cc cng thc:
- Thnh phn phn trm theo th tch ca kh A trong hn hp

- Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca A trong hn hp

- T khi ca kh A so vi kh B:

- T khi ca hn hp kh A so vi kh B:

- T khi ca kh A so vi hn hp kh B:



- T khi ca hn hp kh A so vi hn hp kh B:

Khi lng phn t trung bnh:

A1, A2, A3, l phn t khi ca cc kh A1, A2, A3 c trong hn hp
X1, x2, x3, l s mol kh ( hoc th tch kh)
X1, x2, x3, c th l % s mol hoc % theo th tch ca kh A1, A2, A3, khi : x1
+x2 +x3+=100%
- i vi khng kh:
V d:
1) Hn hp kh A gm oxi v ozon c t khi so vi hiro l 19,2. Tnh % th tch ca
cc kh trong A?
gi th tch O
2
trong 1 lit hn hp l x (lit)
=> th tch O
3
trong 1 lit hn hp l 1-x ( lit)
Ta c:

=> Trong 1 lit hn hp c 0,4 lit O
2
v 0,6 lit O
3

Vy % O
2
= 0,4*100/1 = 40%
%O
3
= 100% 40% = 60%
2) Hn hp kh B gm hiro v cacbon(II) oxit c t khi so vi hiro l 3,6. Tnh %
theo khi lng ca tng kh trong B?
3) 1,12 lit hn hp kh A gm NO v N
2
O c t khi so vi hiro l 16,75. Tnh s mol v
% theo th tch tng kh trong hn hp?
Gi s mol ca NO trong 1 mol hn hp kh l x (mol)
=> S mol ca N
2
O trong 1 mol hn hp kh l 1-x (mol)

4) 0,896 lit kh A gm NO
2
v NO c t khi so vi hiro bng 21. Tnh s mol v %
theo th tch tng kh trong hn hp?
II. Gii ton dng nh lut bo ton electron
- Dng nh lut bo ton electron i vi cc bi ton c:
+ Cho hn hp nhiu cht tc dng vi nhau
+ Cc phn ng l phn ng oxi ho kh
- Ni dung nh lut: tng s electron cho = tng s electron nhn
V d:
1) Hn hp kh A gm clo v oxi. A phn ng ht vi 1 hn hp gm 4,80 gam magi
v 8,10 gam nhm to ra 37,05 gam hn hp cc mui clorua v oxit ca 2 kim loi.
Xc nh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng v theo th tch ca hn hp A?

* Phn tch :
Theo : c 4 phng trnh phn ng
Cl
2
+ Mg > MgCl
2

x x x ( mol)
3Cl
2
+ 2Al >2AlCl
3

3y/2 y y (mol)
O
2
+ 2Mg >2MgO
z/2 z z (mol)
3O
2
+ 2Al >2Al
2
O
3

3t/2- t t (mol)
Gii thng thng: t 4 n s >lp h; y ch lp c h gm 3 phng
trnh.
gi x, y, z, t l s mol ca MgCl
2
, AlCl
3
, MgO, Al
2
O
3

khi lng Mg = 24(x+z) = 4,80 (1)
khi lng Al = 27( y+t) = 8,10 (2)
khi lng hn hp mui v oxit:
= 95x + 133.5y+40z+102t = 37,05 (3)
Gii h gm 3 pt, 4 n s: khng d!!!!!!!!
Dng nh lut bo ton electron:
Bc 1: vit qu trnh cho nhn electron ca cc phn ng trn
Qu trnh cho e:
Mg 2e >Mg
2+

0.20- 0.04 0.02 (mol)
Al 3e > Al
3+

0.30- 0.900.30
Qu trnh nhn e:
Cl
2
+2e > 2Cl
-

x- 2x 2x (mol)
O
2
+4e >2O
2-

y- 4y 2y (mol)
Bc 2: t n s ( x, y, l s mol cc cht bi yu cu tnh)
Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca Cl
2
v O
2
trong hn hp
Bc 3: lp phng trnh (1) da vo nh lut bo ton e
S mol Mg = 4,80/24 = 0,20 (mol)
=> s electron Mg cho = 0,20*2=0,40 (mol)
S mol Al = 8,10/27 = 0,30 (mol)
=> S electron Al cho = 0,30*3 = 0,90 (mol)
Theo nh lut bo ton e:
S electron cho = s electron nhn
=> 2x+4y = 0,20+0,90=1,3 (1)
Bc 4: kt hp cc d kin khc lp thm phng trnh (2)
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng:


2) 11,2 lit (kc) hn hp kh A gm clo v oxi tc dng ht vi 16,98 gam hn hp B
gm magi v nhm to ra 42,34 gam hn hp clorua v oxit ca 2 kim loi. Tnh
thnh phn phn trm v th tch ca tng cht trong hn hp A? thnh phn phn
trm v khi lng ca tng cht trong hn hp B?
3) Ho tan hon ton mt lng bt st vo dung dch HNO
3
thu c mui st (III)
nitrat v hn hp kh gm 0,015 mol N
2
O v 0,01 mol NO. Tnh khi lng st ho
tan?
4) Cho 11 gam hn hp st v nhm vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng thu c
10,08 lit kh SO
2
(kc). Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca mi kim
loi trong hn hp?
5) Ho tan hon ton a gam Fe
x
O
y
bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
thu c b gam mt mui v
c 168 ml kh SO
2
(kc) duy nht thot ra. Tnh tr s a, b v cng thc Fe
x
O
y
?
6) m gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian bin thnh hn hp M c khi
lng 12 gam gm: Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
. Ho tan hon ton M vo dung dch
H
2
SO
4
c thu oc 3,36 lit SO
2
duy nht (kc). Tnh gi tr m?
7) Ho tan hon ton 11,9 g hn hp kim loi Al, Zn bng dd H2SO4 c nng thu
c dd X; 7,616 lit SO2 (kc) v 0,64 g lu hunh. Tnh tng khi lng mui trong
X?
Filed under: Bi tp, Oxi - Lu hunh, Phng php gii ton ha hc v c, T
lun | Th: Bi tp, oxi, T lun | 10 phn hi
Cc bi ton Ho hc trong chng Halogen
Posted on Thng Mt 11, 2008 by Phan Vinh
* hng php t n, gii h
Bc 1: Qui i cc s liu bi ton cho nh khi lng, th tch kh, v s mol ( nu c)
Bc 2: Vit cc phng trnh phn ng
Bc 3: Gi x, y, l s mol cht cn tm
Bc 4: Da vo d liu => Lp h phng trnh , gii h phng trnh
Bc 5: T s mol (x, y,) tnh cc gi tr bi yu cu
V d: Ho tan hon ton 7,8 gam hn hp Mg v Al trong dung dch HCl 10%. Sau phn ng
khi lng dung dch tng thm 7 g.
a) Tnh khi lng v % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp u?
b) Lng axit cn d trong dung dch sau phn ng c trung ho va bi 100 ml dung dch
KOH 0,02M. Tnh khi lng dung dch axit dng?


Cc bn lm tng t i vi cc bi ton sau:
Bi 1: Ho tan 23,6 gam hn hp KBr v NaCl vo nc ri cho tc dng hon ton vi dung
dch AgNO
3
0,5M thy to ra 47,5 gam hn hp kt ta.
a) Tnh khi lng mi mui trong hn hp u?
b) Tnh th tch dung dch AgNO
3
cn dng?


Bi 2: Cho 9,14 gam hp kim gm
Cu, Mg, Al tc dng hon ton vi
dung dch HCl 4M d th thu c
1 kh A, 1 dung dch B v 1 phn khng tan C c khi lng 2,84 gam.
a) Xc nh A, B, C?
b) Xc nh % mi kim loi c trong hp kim, bit rng khi lng Al gp 5 ln khi lng Mg
?
c) Tnh khi lng dung dch HCl 2M cn dng bit dung dch HCl c d=1,2 g/ml?
Bi 3: Cho 16,5 gam hn hp mui Na
2
S v Na
2
SO
3
tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch HCl un
nng ta c hn hp kh c t khi i vi hiro l 27. Lng axit d trung ho va 500 ml
dung dch NaOH 1M.
a) Tm khi lng mi mui trong hn hp?
b) Tm nng mol ca dung dch HCl?

* hng php tng gim khi lng
Bc 1: Vit phng trnh phn ng
Bc 2: Da vo phng trnh, tnh tng (hoc gim) khi lng ca mui (cht rn)
Bc 3: T d liu ca bi ton, xc nh tng (hoc gim) khi lng ca mui (cht
rn) ri dng qui tc tam sut (nhn cho chia ngang) suy ra gi tr bi yu cu tnh.

V d: Cho kh clo d tc dng ht vi NaI. Sau phn ng lm bay hi dung dch th thy khi
lng mui thu c nh hn khi lng mui ban u l 9,15 gam. Tnh khi lng NaI ban
u?

m tng t cc bi sau:
Bi 1: Cho Br
2
d tc dng ht vi dung dch NaI, sau phn ng lm bay hi dung dch th thy
khi lng mui thu c nh hn khi lng mui ban u l 2,82 gam. Tnh khi lng
Br
2
phn ng?
Bi 2: Cho 5 gam Br
2
c ln tp cht l clo vo 1 lit dung dch cha 1,6 gam KBr. Sau phn ng
lm bay hi dung dch th thu c 1,155 gam cht rn khan. Xc nh % khi lng ca clo
trong 5 gam brom em phn ng?
* hng php dng mc so snh
Bc 1: Vit cc phng trnh phn ng
Bc 2: Gi s cc phn ng xy ra theo tun t (1) v (2). Xc nh s liu cho trong
ra nm giai on no:
- Cha xong phn ng (1)
- Xong phn ng (1) bt u qua phn ng (2) mc 1
- xong 2 phn ng (1) v (2) mc 2
Bc 3: So snh s liu trong vi 2 mc xc nh phn ng xy ra n giai on
no
Bc 4: Xc nh gi tr cn tm
V d: Cho 200 ml dung dch X cha NaCl 0,2M v NaBr 0,1 M. Thm dung dch AgNO
3
0,1M
vo dung dch X. Tnh th tch dung dch AgNO
3
thm vo vi khi lng kt ta ln lt
bng:
a) 1,88 gam
b) 6,63 gam
( Chp nhn rng AgCl ch kt ta sau khi AgBr kt ta ht)

Filed under: Bi tp, Halogen, Phng php gii ton ha hc v c, T lun |
Th: Bi tp, halogen, T lun | 11 phn hi
Cc phng php gii nhanh mt s bi ton trong chng
Halogen (tip theo)
Posted on Thng Mt 11, 2008 by Phan Vinh

y l cc bi gii ca k trc:
Bi 1: Cho 17,7 gam hn hp km v magi tc dng ht vi dung dch axit HCl 0.1M thu c
0,6 gam kh v dung dch X.
a) C cn dung dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
b) Tnh th tch dung dch HCl cn dng?
2HCl -> H
2

0,6(mol) 0,3 (mol)
Khi lng mui khan = m
hhKL
+ m
Cl
= 17,7 + 0,6*35,5 = 39(gam)
n
HCl
= 0,6 (mol) => VddHCl = n/C
M
= 0,6/0,1 = 6(lit)
Bi 2: Cho 29 gam hn hp gm Mg, Zn, Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long thy sinh
ra V lit kh H
2
(ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 86,6 gam mui khan. Tnh V?

Bi 3: Ho tan hon ton 17,5 gam hn hp gm Mg, Cu, Zn vo 400 ml dung dch HCl 1M (
va ) thu c dung dch A. Cho dn xt vo thu c kt ta ti a, lc kt ta ri nung (
khng c khng kh) n khi lng khng i c m gam cht rn. Tnh m?

Bi 4: cho 3,2 gam hn hp gm Fe
2
O
3
v CuO tc dng va vi 1lit dung dch HCl 0.1M.
Khi lng mui clorua to ra l bao nhiu?

Bi 5: Ho tan hon ton 23,8 gam hn hp gm 1 mui cacbonat c kim loi ho tr I v 1 mui
cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr II trong axit HCl th to thnh 0,2 mol kh. em c cn dung dch
sau phn ng th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?

* Da vo s bng nhau ca nguyn t khi hoc phn t khi
Bi: tc dng va vi 5,6 gam st cn dng V ml dung dch HCl. Nu cng dng V ml
dung dch HCl trn th khi lng CaO cn ly tc dng va vi vi lng axit trn l bao
nhiu?

Tng t cc bn hy gii v gi p n cc bi sau:
Bi 1: Cho hn hp CaO v KOH tc dng dung dch HCl thu c hn hp 2 mui clorua c t
l mol 1:1. Tnh % khi lng ca CaO v KOH trong hn hp u?
Bi 2: Cho a gam hn hp KHCO
3
v CaCO
3
tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl. Kh thot ra dn
vo dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d thu c 1,97 gam kt ta. Tnh a?
Bi 3: tc dng va vi 3,6 gam hn hp gm CaS v FeO phi dng ht bao nhiu ml
dung dch HCl 0,5M?
* Da vo mi quan h gia cht u v cht cui
VD: Sc kh clo d vo dung dch cha NaBr v NaI n phn ng hon ton thy to ra 1,17
gam NaCl. Tnh tng s mol hn hp NaBr v NaI c trong dung dch ban u?

Bn th p dng gii bi sau: Cho x gam hn hp bt 3 kim loi l Al, Fe, Cu tc dng vi lng
va V lit (ktc) kh clo c hn hp mui clorua tng ng. Cho hn hp mui ny tc
dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO
3
th c a gam kt ta trng.
Nu cho V lit kh clo i qua dung dch KBr d ri tip tc dn sn phm qua dung dch KI d
th thy to ra 25,4 gam I
2
. Tnh a gam kt ta trng?
Filed under: Bi tp, Halogen, Phng php gii ton ha hc v c, T lun | 53
phn hi
Cc phng php gii nhanh mt s bi ton trong
chng halogen
Posted on Thng Mt 2, 2008 by Phan Vinh

- Da theo cng thc tnh khi lng mui tng qut :
V d: Ho tan hon ton 20 gam hn hp Mg v Fe bng dung dch axit HCl d; sau phn ng
thu c 11,2 lit kh (ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam
mui khan?
Cch gii thng thng:

Gii nhanh:

Cc em hy p dng cch gii nhanh trn gii cc bi ton sau, ri th gi kt qu cho C
nh!
Bi 1: Cho 17,7 gam hn hp km v magi tc dng ht vi dung dch axit HCl 0.1M thu c
0,6 gam kh v dung dch X.
a) C cn dung dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
b) Tnh th tch dung dch HCl cn dng?
Bi 2: Cho 29 gam hn hp gm Mg, Zn, Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long thy sinh
ra V lit kh H
2
(ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 86,6 gam mui khan. Tnh V?
Bi 3: Ho tan hon ton 17,5 gam hn hp gm Mg, Cu, Zn vo 400 ml dung dch HCl 1M (
va ) thu c dung dch A. Cho dn xt vo thu c kt ta ti a, lc kt ta ri nung (
khng c khng kh) n khi lng khng i c m gam cht rn. Tnh m?
Bi 4: Cho 3,2 gam hn hp gm Fe
2
O
3
v CuO tc dng va vi 1lit dung dch HCl 0.1M.
Khi lng mui clorua to ra l bao nhiu?
Bi 5: Ho tan hon ton 23,8 gam hn hp gm 1 mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr I v 1
mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr II trong axit HCl th to thnh 0,2 mol kh. em c cn dung
dch sau phn ng th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
- Da vo s bng nhau ca nguyn t khi hoc phn t khi
Cc bn th tr ti gii nhanh bi ton sau: tc dng va vi 5,6 gam st cn dng V ml
dung dch HCl. Nu cng dng V ml dung dch HCl trn th khi lng CaO cn ly tc dng
va vi lng axit trn l bao nhiu?
Cc bn hy suy ngh v gi ngay p s bi ton ny nh! Nh km cch suy lun ra nhanh
kt qu.
C s tip tc gii thiu khi c bn a ra p n ca bi ny !

Cc bn c th tham kho cc bi tp sau ( trch t sgk v sbt) n tp chng
halogen, chun b cho bi kim tra trn lp.
I. Bi tp l thuyt
* Gii thch hin tng
Cu 1: Thi kh clo i qua dung dch natri cacbonat, ngi ta thy c kh cacbonic
thot ra. Hy gii thch hin tng bng cc phng trnh ho hc.
Cu 2: Cho kh clo i qua dung dch natri bromua, ta thy dung dch c mu vng.
Tip tc cho kh clo i qua, ta thy dung dch mt mu. Hy gii thch cc hin tng
v vit cc phng trnh ho hc
Cu 3: Iot c ln cc tp cht l clo, brom v nc. tinh ch iot , ngi ta
nghin n vi kali iotua v vi sng (CaO) ri nung hn hp trong cc c y bng
mt bnh c cha nc lnh. Hy gii thch cch lm trn bng phng trnh ho hc .
Cu 4: Cho kh clo sc qua dung dch kali iotua, 1 thi gian di sau ngi ta dng
h tinh bt xc nhn s c mt ca iot t do nhng khng thy mu xanh. Gii
thch hin tng bng cc phng trnh phn ng.
* Vit phng trnh phn ng
Cu 5: Vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng thc hin cc bin i di y v
ghi r iu kin phn ng ( nu c)

Bi 6: Vit phng trnh phn ng chng minh:
a) Tnh oxi ho t flo n iot gim dn
b) HCl c tnh axit, tnh oxi ho v tnh kh
c) HBr v HI c tnh kh mnh hn HCl
Bi 7: Vit phng trnh phn ng khi cho:
a) H
2
SO
4
c tc dng vi hn hp NaI v MnO
2

b) H
2
SO
4
c tc dng vi hn hp NaBr v MnO
2

c) H
2
SO
4
c tc dng vi hn hp NaCl v MnO
2

Bi 8: T KCl, H
2
O, KI v cc cht v c cn thit cc, vit phng trnh phn ng iu
ch:
a) Cl
2
, I
2

b) KClO, KClO
3

c) O
2

* Nhn bit
Cu 9: Nhn bit cc cht sau:
a) Natri clorua, natri nitrat, bari clorua, bari nitrat
b) Natri florua, natri clorua, natri bromua, natri iotua
c) kh clo, kh hiroclorua, kh cacbonic, khng kh
Bi 10:
a) Tinh ch Brom c ln natri bromua
b) Tch NaCl ra khi hn hp gm Na
2
SO
4
, MgCl
2
, CaCl
2
, CaSO
4
, NaCl
II. Bi ton
Bi 11: Cho 10,000 lit hiro v 6,720 lit clo (iu kin tiu chun) tc dng vi nhau
ri ho tan sn phm vo 385,400 gam nc ta thu c dung dch A. ly 50,000 gam
dung dch A cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
( ly d) thu c 7,175 gam kt ta.
Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng gia hiro v clo?
Bi 12: Cho 69,6 gam MnO2 tc dng vi dung dch HCl c, d. Dn kh thot ra i
vo 500 ml dung dch NaOH 4M ( nhit thng).
a) Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra
b) Xc nh nng mol/lit ca nhng cht c trong dung dch sau phn ng. Bit rng
th tch ca dung dch sau phn ng thay i khng ng k.
Bi 13: Cho 25 gam nc clo vo mt dung dch c cha 2,5 gam KBr ta thy dung
dch chuyn sang mu vng v KBr vn cn d
a) Gii thch hin tng
b) Sau th nghim, nu ta c cn dung dch th cn li 1,61 gam cht rn khan. gi s
ton b clo trong nc clo tham d phn ng, hy tnh nng phn trm ca clo
trong nc clo?
c) Tnh khi lng tng cht trong cht rn khan thu c?
Bi 14: Trn 2 a cn v tr cn bng c 2 cc thu tinh, mi cc ng 100 ml dung
dch HCl 2M. Cho vo cc th nht 20 gam CaCO
3
v vo cc th hai 20 gam MgCO
3
.
Sau khi phn ng kt thc, 2 a cn cn v tr cn bng hay khng? Vit phng
trnh phn ng v gii thch?
B i 15: Cho 20 gam hn hp bt magi v st tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thy c
1 gam hiro bay ra. Tnh khi lng mui clorua to ra trong dung dch?
Filed under: Bi tp, Halogen | Th: Bi tp, halogen, T lun | 6 phn hi
H BI I HAGEA V M S I KHC
Posted on Thng Mt 17, 2008 by Phan Vinh

HH H CC K A

V d: Bng phng php ho hc, hy nhn bit cc dung dch mt nhn sau:
a) HCl, NaCl, NaNO3, NaBr
- Dng qu tm nhn c HCl ( do qu tm ho )
- Dng dd AgNO3 :
+ Nhn c NaCl ( do xut hin kt ta AgCl mu trng)
NaCl + AgNO3 -> AgCl + NaNO3
+ Nhn c NaBr ( do xut hin kt ta AgBr mu vng)
NaBr + AgNO3 -> AgBr + NaNO3
- Cn li khng c hin tng g l NaNO3
b) HCl, HNO3, NaCl, BaCl2
- Dng qu tm, ta c 2 nhm:
+ Nhm 1: gm HCl, HNO3 ( do lm qu tm ho )
+ Nhm 2: gm NaCl, BaCl2 ( qu tm khng i mu)
- Dng dd AgNO3 cho tc dng vi nhm 1
+ Nhn c HCl ( do xut hin kt ta AgCl mu trng)
+ Nhn c HNO3 ( khng c hin tng)
- Dng dd H2SO4 ( hoc dd Na2SO4) cho tc dng vi nhm 2
+ Nhn c BaCl2 ( do xut hin kt ta BaSO4 mu trng)
+ Nhn c NaCl ( khng c hin tng)
Cc bi tp p dng:
Bi 1: hn bit cc dung dch sau:
a) NaOH, NaCl, HCl, NaNO3
b) NaBr, HCl, KCl, HBr
Bi 2: hn bit cc dung dch sau ch dng 1 thuc th:
a) HCl, KBr, ZnI2, Mg(NO3)2
b) KOH, HCl, NH4Cl, CuCl2, (NH4)2CO3
Bi 3: Khng dng thm thuc th, hy nhn bit cc dung dch sau:
a) CuCl2, HCl, KOH, ZnCl2
b) CuSO4, KOH, KCl, AgNO3
* M RNG: SAU Y L BNG HNG DN NHN BIT MT S ANION
V CATION
H BI M S AI

NHN BIT MT S CATION

Filed under: Bi tp, Halogen, T lun | 2 phn hi
Cc bi ton Ho hc trong chng Halogen
Posted on Thng Mt 11, 2008 by Phan Vinh
* hng php t n, gii h
Bc 1: Qui i cc s liu bi ton cho nh khi lng, th tch kh, v s mol ( nu c)
Bc 2: Vit cc phng trnh phn ng
Bc 3: Gi x, y, l s mol cht cn tm
Bc 4: Da vo d liu => Lp h phng trnh , gii h phng trnh
Bc 5: T s mol (x, y,) tnh cc gi tr bi yu cu
V d: Ho tan hon ton 7,8 gam hn hp Mg v Al trong dung dch HCl 10%. Sau phn ng
khi lng dung dch tng thm 7 g.
a) Tnh khi lng v % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp u?
b) Lng axit cn d trong dung dch sau phn ng c trung ho va bi 100 ml dung dch
KOH 0,02M. Tnh khi lng dung dch axit dng?


Cc bn lm tng t i vi cc bi ton sau:
Bi 1: Ho tan 23,6 gam hn hp KBr v NaCl vo nc ri cho tc dng hon ton vi dung
dch AgNO
3
0,5M thy to ra 47,5 gam hn hp kt ta.
a) Tnh khi lng mi mui trong hn hp u?
b) Tnh th tch dung dch
AgNO
3
cn dng?


Bi 2: Cho 9,14 gam hp kim gm Cu, Mg, Al tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HCl 4M d th
thu c 1 kh A, 1 dung dch B v 1 phn khng tan C c khi lng 2,84 gam.
a) Xc nh A, B, C?
b) Xc nh % mi kim loi c trong hp kim, bit rng khi lng Al gp 5 ln khi lng Mg
?
c) Tnh khi lng dung dch HCl 2M cn dng bit dung dch HCl c d=1,2 g/ml?
Bi 3: Cho 16,5 gam hn hp mui Na
2
S v Na
2
SO
3
tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch HCl un
nng ta c hn hp kh c t khi i vi hiro l 27. Lng axit d trung ho va 500 ml
dung dch NaOH 1M.
a) Tm khi lng mi mui trong hn hp?
b) Tm nng mol ca dung dch HCl?

* hng php tng gim khi lng
Bc 1: Vit phng trnh phn ng
Bc 2: Da vo phng trnh, tnh tng (hoc gim) khi lng ca mui (cht rn)
Bc 3: T d liu ca bi ton, xc nh tng (hoc gim) khi lng ca mui (cht
rn) ri dng qui tc tam sut (nhn cho chia ngang) suy ra gi tr bi yu cu tnh.

V d: Cho kh clo d tc dng ht vi NaI. Sau phn ng lm bay hi dung dch th thy khi
lng mui thu c nh hn khi lng mui ban u l 9,15 gam. Tnh khi lng NaI ban
u?

m tng t cc bi sau:
Bi 1: Cho Br
2
d tc dng ht vi dung dch NaI, sau phn ng lm bay hi dung dch th thy
khi lng mui thu c nh hn khi lng mui ban u l 2,82 gam. Tnh khi lng
Br
2
phn ng?
Bi 2: Cho 5 gam Br
2
c ln tp cht l clo vo 1 lit dung dch cha 1,6 gam KBr. Sau phn ng
lm bay hi dung dch th thu c 1,155 gam cht rn khan. Xc nh % khi lng ca clo
trong 5 gam brom em phn ng?
* hng php dng mc so snh
Bc 1: Vit cc phng trnh phn ng
Bc 2: Gi s cc phn ng xy ra theo tun t (1) v (2). Xc nh s liu cho trong
ra nm giai on no:
- Cha xong phn ng (1)
- Xong phn ng (1) bt u qua phn ng (2) mc 1
- xong 2 phn ng (1) v (2) mc 2
Bc 3: So snh s liu trong vi 2 mc xc nh phn ng xy ra n giai on
no
Bc 4: Xc nh gi tr cn tm
V d: Cho 200 ml dung dch X cha NaCl 0,2M v NaBr 0,1 M. Thm dung dch AgNO
3
0,1M
vo dung dch X. Tnh th tch dung dch AgNO
3
thm vo vi khi lng kt ta ln lt
bng:
a) 1,88 gam
b) 6,63 gam
( Chp nhn rng AgCl ch kt ta sau khi AgBr kt ta ht)

Filed under: Bi tp, Halogen, Phng php gii ton ha hc v c, T lun |
Th: Bi tp, halogen, T lun | 11 phn hi
Cc phng php gii nhanh mt s bi ton trong chng
Halogen (tip theo)
Posted on Thng Mt 11, 2008 by Phan Vinh

y l cc bi gii ca k trc:
Bi 1: Cho 17,7 gam hn hp km v magi tc dng ht vi dung dch axit HCl 0.1M thu c
0,6 gam kh v dung dch X.
a) C cn dung dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
b) Tnh th tch dung dch HCl cn dng?
2HCl -> H
2

0,6(mol) 0,3 (mol)
Khi lng mui khan = m
hhKL
+ m
Cl
= 17,7 + 0,6*35,5 = 39(gam)
n
HCl
= 0,6 (mol) => VddHCl = n/C
M
= 0,6/0,1 = 6(lit)
Bi 2: Cho 29 gam hn hp gm Mg, Zn, Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long thy sinh
ra V lit kh H
2
(ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 86,6 gam mui khan. Tnh V?

Bi 3: Ho tan hon ton 17,5 gam hn hp gm Mg, Cu, Zn vo 400 ml dung dch HCl 1M (
va ) thu c dung dch A. Cho dn xt vo thu c kt ta ti a, lc kt ta ri nung (
khng c khng kh) n khi lng khng i c m gam cht rn. Tnh m?

Bi 4: cho 3,2 gam hn hp gm Fe
2
O
3
v CuO tc dng va vi 1lit dung dch HCl 0.1M.
Khi lng mui clorua to ra l bao nhiu?

Bi 5: Ho tan hon ton 23,8 gam hn hp gm 1 mui cacbonat c kim loi ho tr I v 1 mui
cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr II trong axit HCl th to thnh 0,2 mol kh. em c cn dung dch
sau phn ng th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?

* Da vo s bng nhau ca nguyn t khi hoc phn t khi
Bi: tc dng va vi 5,6 gam st cn dng V ml dung dch HCl. Nu cng dng V ml
dung dch HCl trn th khi lng CaO cn ly tc dng va vi vi lng axit trn l bao
nhiu?

Tng t cc bn hy gii v gi p n cc bi sau:
Bi 1: Cho hn hp CaO v KOH tc dng dung dch HCl thu c hn hp 2 mui clorua c t
l mol 1:1. Tnh % khi lng ca CaO v KOH trong hn hp u?
Bi 2: Cho a gam hn hp KHCO
3
v CaCO
3
tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl. Kh thot ra dn
vo dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d thu c 1,97 gam kt ta. Tnh a?
Bi 3: tc dng va vi 3,6 gam hn hp gm CaS v FeO phi dng ht bao nhiu ml
dung dch HCl 0,5M?
* Da vo mi quan h gia cht u v cht cui
VD: Sc kh clo d vo dung dch cha NaBr v NaI n phn ng hon ton thy to ra 1,17
gam NaCl. Tnh tng s mol hn hp NaBr v NaI c trong dung dch ban u?

Bn th p dng gii bi sau: Cho x gam hn hp bt 3 kim loi l Al, Fe, Cu tc dng vi lng
va V lit (ktc) kh clo c hn hp mui clorua tng ng. Cho hn hp mui ny tc
dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO
3
th c a gam kt ta trng.
Nu cho V lit kh clo i qua dung dch KBr d ri tip tc dn sn phm qua dung dch KI d
th thy to ra 25,4 gam I
2
. Tnh a gam kt ta trng?
Filed under: Bi tp, Halogen, Phng php gii ton ha hc v c, T lun | 53
phn hi
C H GY
Posted on Thng Mt 4, 2008 by Phan Vinh

bit nguyn t cn tm l nguyn t no; ta cn xc nh khi lng nguyn t ca
nguyn t (M)
Bi 1: Cho 12 gam mt kim loi ho tr 2 tc dng ht vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long thu
c 5,6 lit kh ( 0
0
C; 2 atm). Kim loi ho tr 2 l:
A. canxi
B. st
C. magi
D. ng
gii
Gi kim loi ho tr 2 l R
R + H
2
SO
4
RSO
4
+ H
2

S mol H
2
= P.V/(R.T) = 0,5 (mol)
T pt => s mol R = s mol H
2
= 0,5 (mol)
Ta c: M
R

= m
R
/n
R
= 12/0,5 = 24
Vy kim loi cn tm l Mg
Bi 2: Ho tan hon ton 1,44 gam kim loi R ho tr 2 vo 250 ml dung dch
H
2
SO
4
0,3M. trung ho lng axit d phi dng 60 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. R l:
A. Mg
B. Zn
C. Pb
D. Fe
Gii
R + H
2
SO
4
RSO
4
+ H
2
(1)
H
2
SO
4
+ 2NaOH Na
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2
O (2)
S mol NaOH = 0,06*0,5 = 0,03 (mol)
S mol H
2
SO
4 b
= 0,3 * 0,25 = 0,075 (mol)
T pt (2) => s mol H
2
SO
4
(pt2) = S mol NaOH/2 = 0,015 (mol)
=> s mol H
2
SO
4
(pt 1) = s mol H
2
SO
4 b
s mol H
2
SO
4
(pt2)
= 0,075 0,015 = 0,06 (mol)
T pt (1) => s mol R = s mol H
2
SO
4
(pt 1) = 0,06 (mol)
=> M
R

= m
R
/n
R

= 1,44/0,06 = 24
Vy kim loi R l Mg
Bi 3: Ho tan hon ton 13 gam kim loi M bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
long thu c
4,48 lit kh (kc), l kim loi:
A. Magi
B. Nhm
C. St
D. Km
i vi bi ton khng cho ho tr kim loi, ta bin lun: ho tr kim loi l 1,2 hoc 3
Gii
Gi ho tr ca kim loi M l x
2M + xH
2
SO
4
M
2
(SO
4
)
x
+ xH
2

S mol H
2
= 4,48/22,4 = 0,2 (mol)
T pt => s mol M = 0,2*2/x = 0,4 /x ( mol)
Ta c: M
M
= m/n = 13x/0,4 = 32,5 x
Bin lun:
Ho tr 1 2 3
M 32,5 65 97,5

loi nhn loi
Vy kim loi M l km (M=65, ho tr 2)
Bi 4: Cho 10,8 gam kim loi tc dng vi kh clo to ra 53,4 gam mui. Xc nh tn
kim loi?
A. Km
B. Nhm
C. St
D. ng
Bi 5: Cho p gam kim loi R tc dng ht vi Cl
2
thu c 4,944p gam mui clorua. R
l kim loi no?
A. Magi
B. Nhm
C. St
D. Km
Bi 6:Cho 0,05 mol mui CaX
2
tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO
3
thu c 18,8
gam kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca mui l:
A. CaI
2

B. CaF
2

C. CaBr
2

D. CaCl
2

Filed under: Bi tp, Halogen, T lun | Leave a comment
HI S H G
Posted on Thng Mt 3, 2008 by Phan Vinh

Bi 1: Tnh khi lng Natri v th tch kh clo cn dng iu ch 4,68 gam mui natri
clorua, bit hiu sut phn ng l 80%
Gii:
S mol NaCl = 4,68/58,5 = 0,08 (mol)
2Na + Cl
2
2NaCl
t pt => s mol Na = 0,08*100/80 = 0,1 (mol)
S mol Cl
2
= (0,08*100)/2*80 = 0,05 (mol)
Khi lng Na = 0,1*23 = 2,3 (gam)
Th tch Clo = 0,05*22,4 = 1,12 (lit)
Bi 2: Cho 19,5 gam Zn phn ng vi 7 lit clo th thu c 36,72 gam ZnCl
2
. Tnh hiu sut
phn ng?
Gii
S mol Zn = 19,5/65 = 0,3 (mol)
S mol Cl
2
= 7/22,4 = 0,3125 (mol)
s mol ZnCl
2
= 0,27 (mol)
Zn + Cl
2
ZnCl
2

Ta thy: s mol Cl
2
> s mol Zn => so vi Cl
2
th Zn l cht thiu, nn tnh theo Zn.
T pt => s mol Zn phn ng = s mol ZnCl
2
= 0,27 (mol)
Hiu sut phn ng: H = n
Zn phn ng
*100/n
Zn ban u

= 0,27 * 100/0,3 = 90 %
Bi 3: Nung nng 12,8 gam Cu vi Clo d. Xc nh khi lng mui CuCl
2
thu c bit hiu
sut phn ng l 83%?
Gii:
s mol Cu = 12,8 /64 = 0,2 (mol)
Cu + Cl
2
CuCl
2

T pt => s mol CuCl
2
= s mol Cu *H/100 =0,2 *83/100 = 0,166 (mol)
Khi lng CuCl
2
= 0,166 * 135 = 22,41 (gam)
Bi 4: Nung 12,87 gam NaCl vi H
2
SO
4
c d thu c bao nhiu lit kh v bao nhiu gam
mui Na
2
SO
4
, bit hiu sut phn ng l 90%?
Bi 5: Xc nh khi lng thuc tm v axit HCl cn dng iu ch 5,6 lit kh clo, bit hiu
sut phn ng l 80%
Bi 6: T 120 kg FeS
2
c th iu ch c ti a bao nhiu lit dung dch H
2
SO
4
98% (d=1,84
g/ml); bit hiu sut c qu trnh l 80%?
Bi 7: T 1kg mui n ( 10,5% tp cht) iu ch c 1250 ml dung dch HCl 36,5% (d=1,2
g/ml). Tnh hiu sut ca qu trnh?
Bi 8: Cho 0,4 mol H
2
tc dng vi 0,3 m ol Cl
2
(xc tc), ri ly sn phm ho tan vo 192,7
gam nc c dung dch X. Ly 50 gam dung dch X cho tc dng vi lng d dung dch
AgNO
3
thy to thnh 7,175 gam kt ta. Hiu sut phn ng gia H
2
v Cl
2
bng:
A. 62,5% B. 50% C. 44,8% D. 33,3%
Filed under: Bi tp, Halogen, T lun | 1 Comment
Cc phng php gii nhanh mt s bi ton trong
chng halogen
Posted on Thng Mt 2, 2008 by Phan Vinh

- Da theo cng thc tnh khi lng mui tng qut :
V d: Ho tan hon ton 20 gam hn hp Mg v Fe bng dung dch axit HCl d; sau phn ng
thu c 11,2 lit kh (ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam
mui khan?
Cch gii thng thng:

Gii nhanh:

Cc em hy p dng cch gii nhanh trn gii cc bi ton sau, ri th gi kt qu cho C
nh!
Bi 1: Cho 17,7 gam hn hp km v magi tc dng ht vi dung dch axit HCl 0.1M thu c
0,6 gam kh v dung dch X.
a) C cn dung dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
b) Tnh th tch dung dch HCl cn dng?
Bi 2: Cho 29 gam hn hp gm Mg, Zn, Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long thy sinh
ra V lit kh H
2
(ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 86,6 gam mui khan. Tnh V?
Bi 3: Ho tan hon ton 17,5 gam hn hp gm Mg, Cu, Zn vo 400 ml dung dch HCl 1M (
va ) thu c dung dch A. Cho dn xt vo thu c kt ta ti a, lc kt ta ri nung (
khng c khng kh) n khi lng khng i c m gam cht rn. Tnh m?
Bi 4: Cho 3,2 gam hn hp gm Fe
2
O
3
v CuO tc dng va vi 1lit dung dch HCl 0.1M.
Khi lng mui clorua to ra l bao nhiu?
Bi 5: Ho tan hon ton 23,8 gam hn hp gm 1 mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr I v 1
mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr II trong axit HCl th to thnh 0,2 mol kh. em c cn dung
dch sau phn ng th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
- Da vo s bng nhau ca nguyn t khi hoc phn t khi
Cc bn th tr ti gii nhanh bi ton sau: tc dng va vi 5,6 gam st cn dng V ml
dung dch HCl. Nu cng dng V ml dung dch HCl trn th khi lng CaO cn ly tc dng
va vi lng axit trn l bao nhiu?
Cc bn hy suy ngh v gi ngay p s bi ton ny nh! Nh km cch suy lun ra nhanh
kt qu.
C s tip tc gii thiu khi c bn a ra p n ca bi ny !
Filed under: Bi tp, Halogen, Phng php gii ton ha hc v c, T lun |
Th: Bi tp, T lun, trc nghim | 26 phn hi
Chui phn ng (nng cao)
Posted on Thng Mi Hai 27, 2007 by Phan Vinh
Bi1:

BI GII

Vy
(A) : KCl
(B) : O2
(C) : Cl2
(D) v (E): MnSO4, K2SO4
(F) : H2O
(G): K
(L) : KOH
(M) :H2
Bi 2: Vit phng trnh biu din chui bin ho v gi tn cc cht:

Filed under: Bi tp, Halogen, T lun | Th: Bi tp, halogen, T lun | 5 phn hi
Chui phn ng halogen
Posted on Thng Mi Hai 27, 2007 by Phan Vinh
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng thc hin dy bin ho sau:


Gii chui a:

Gii chui c:

Gii chui g

Gii chui h:

Filed under: Bi tp, Halogen, T lun | 6 phn hi
I CH
Posted on Thng Mi Hai 27, 2007 by Phan Vinh
lm cc bi tp l thuyt: iu ch cht, vit phng trnh phn ng, nhn bit,
cc bn phi hc tht k tnh cht ho hc v iu ch cc cht.
Bi 1:vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch:
a) Clo b) HCl c) Brom d) Iot
Bi 2: Vit cc phn ng iu ch:
a) HI b) KI c) CaCl2 d) KClO3
Bi 3: Vit 9 phng trnh iu ch km clorua.
Bi 4: T NaCl, Fe, H2O v cc iu kin cn thit khc, vit phng trnh phn ng
iu ch st ( II) clorua, st (III) clorua.
Bi 5: T K, NaCl, H2O v cc iu kin cn thit khc, vit cc phng trnh phn
ng iu ch nc Javen, kali clorat.