DOCUMENT NO 234

2014

A.P.A.C. Ltd. Archaeological Perspectives Analysis Consultancy

ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK BASED ASSESSMENT
Buckwell Farm, Nr Usk DK/UBF/14

Prepared for: Buckle Chamberlain (Agents) By: Dr N Phillips.

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Buckwell Farm, Usk

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Summary

An application was submitted to the local planning authority requesting approval for the installation of Solar Panel Arrays across an area of farm land. GGAT identified the potential that the proposed works may impact upon the historical and archaeological resources of the area. Consequently, they recommended that the MCC should defer any decision on the planning application until a programme of research was completed into the presence of historical and archaeological resources of the area. This desk-based assessment collates the known heritage of the area to show that the proposed development is not likely to have any impact on any known archaeological resources .

Copyright Notice: A.P.A.C. Ltd. retains copyright of this report under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988. The Ordnance Survey has granted A.P.A.C. Ltd a Copyright Licence (No. 100046577) to reproduce map information; Copyright remains otherwise with the Ordnance Survey. Cover photograph: DSC06321, proposed fields for development, view towards north from Cas troggy.

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Contents

1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................4 2 Location...................................................................................................................................4 3 Scope and Objectives of the Study..........................................................................................4 4 Methodology ...........................................................................................................................5 5 Geology and Topography ........................................................................................................5 6 Archaeological and historical background ..............................................................................6 7 Desk-top Assessment and Baseline Conditions ....................................................................11 8 Predicted Impacts of the Proposal on Known Archaeology .................................................11 9 Predicted Impacts of the Proposal on the Setting of Nearby Heritage Assets ......................12 10 Summary and Recommendations ......................................................................................13 11 Acknowledgements ...........................................................................................................13 12 Archive ..............................................................................................................................13 13 Staff ...................................................................................................................................13 14 Bibliography and References: ...........................................................................................14

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Figures

1. 2. 3. 4.

Site Location map HER record map Proposed site with HER Map progressions

A.P.A.C. 1 Introduction

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An application for the installation of photovoltaic panels (circa 32,430 panels), and gravel access track at Buckwell Farm, Pen Y Cae Mawr, Usk, NP15 1LX, was submitted to Monmouthshire County Council (MCC), in October 2013, by Mr C Bevan of Buckle Chamberlain Partnership Ltd (agent) for Mr B Stephens (client), (MCC, DC2013/00925). Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust (GGAT) advisors to MCC Planning identified a possible issue for this planning application, (MON2075/GP). The Historic Environment Record indicates that, while there are no previously recorded archaeological sites within the proposed area, a substantial number of sites ranging from the Prehistoric to Post-Medieval periods are present within the vicinity of the development. Although the applicant has submitted a Landscape Character and Visual Assessment in support of the application that acknowledges the importance of heritage assets, this assessment has not considered the impact on the setting of either designated or non-designated archaeological sites within the zone of Theoretical Visibility, and this has restricted its assessment of the historic built environment to listed buildings (ibid.). Landscape Character and Visual Assessment (TDA 2013) (MCC, DC2013/00925). Consequently, GGAT advised MCC to defer a determination on the application until and archaeological assessment had been undertaken and submitted in accordance with advice given in Welsh Office Circular 60/69, Section 12. Mr C. Bevan contacted APAC. Ltd to undertake the assessment and after reading through the relevant information supplied on the planning portal, telephone and email conversations with both GGAT and Mr Bevan agreed to take the contract resulting firstly in the production of a design brief. The design brief DB2:DK/UBF/14 was approved as fit for purpose by GGAT on the 26th Feb 2014 allowing the work to progress.

Location

Buckwell Farm, NGR 342150 196454, can be reached from M4 junction 24 by taking A48, east from the Coldra roundabout at Newport and a left through the village of Parc Seymour. At the junction with the Usk Rd, turn left, then right and continue along Old Rd until the driveway for Buckwell Farm on the left, fig 01. The site is approximately 18.2 hectares of hedgerow enclosed pasture land, on a south easterly valley side through which runs a small stream, Cas Troggy. The Cas Troggy runs along the southern boundary of the site separated from it by a rural lane.

Scope and Objectives of the Study

The scope and objectives of the study followed the guidelines as set out in The Institute of Archaeologists Standard and Guidance for historic environment desk-based assessment 2012: http://www.archaeologists.net/codes/ifa In brief: The main scope and objectives of the archaeological assessment were to reveal by desk-based study, the nature, significance and, where possible, the chronology of the archaeology within the area of the proposed development. The purpose of the desk-based assessment is to gain information about the known or potential archaeological resource within the given area (including presence or absence, character and extent, date, integrity, state of

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preservation and relative quality of the potential archaeological resource), in order to make an assessment of its merit in context, leading to one or more of the following: the formulation of a strategy to ensure the recording, preservation or management of the resource. the formulation of a strategy for further investigation, whether or not intrusive, where the character and value of the resource is not sufficiently defined to permit a mitigation strategy or other response to be devised. the formulation of a proposal for further archaeological investigation within a programme of research.

Methodology

For the purposes of the archaeological desk based assessment, the following sources were consulted: Gwent Archive The National Monuments Record (RCAHMW, Aberystwyth) The Historic Environment Record (GGAT, Swansea) Cadw All Ordnance Survey maps of the site and its environs Tithe, Apportionment and Parish maps (where available) Other Historical maps held in the Gwent Archives, Local Museums, Libraries or other Archives (where relevant) Appropriate archaeological and historical books and journals, particularly excavation reports on works carried out by Professor Manning between 1968 and 1976, and other evaluations undertaken in the study area, including GGAT excavation report No. 230 and records of the partial excavation carried out at The Orchard (GGAT event number E000326) Aerial Photographs All available borehole and trial pit data from the site and its immediate environs Any further geophysical and /or geotechnical data available A site inspection was carried out and information relating to current land use and any other factors which might affect the nature and survival of the archaeological resource Information regarding previous development work on the site will be collated and the impact on archaeological remains assessed

The data researched was cross referenced within the works collected to produce an overall record of the known archaeological and historical resources of the site and its setting. The data is initially presented as an overview of the general area before narrowing down to a 1 km search zone as advised by GGAT.

Geology and Topography

The site is situated in a shallow east/west orientated valley through which runs the Cas Troggy Brook. To the north and south, the valley rises from an enclosed and domesticated landscape of pastoral and arable land use towards wooded hills, one of which, Wentwood to the south, retains much evidence of past management The majority of area stands on solid bedrock Brownstones Formation: Red, brown and purple fluvial sandstones with red mudstone interbeds (BGS, Geoindex). Surrounding borehole data results give: BGS REF ST49/11 ST49/11 ST49NW/2 ST49NW/3 NGR 342960 196910 341000 196200 341210 197400 341100 197150 Upper Stratigraphy Clay to 19ft Clay to 15ft Clay to 10ft Clay to 11ft Marl to 22ft Marl to 22ft Marl to 95ft Marl to 83ft Distance from site 1 km north east 1 km west 0.57 km north 1.6 km north west

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A landscape character and visual impact assessment of the proposed development has been undertaken prior to the present work in which was recorded the following: 3.5 The site is located within the Eastern Foothills & Escarpments Special Landscape Area as defined by Monmouthshire County Councils Draft Special Landscapes Areas Supplementary Planning Guidance, December 2003 3.6 The site is surrounded by many Monmouthshire County Council Rights of Way and also located adjacent to and within close proximity of designated national and regional cycle routes as defined by up to date mapping provided by Sustrans The site does not contain any listed buildings or scheduled ancient monuments (TDA 2003)

Archaeological and historical background

General area historic results It is known that the general area of South East Wales; in which Buckwell Farm is located, has hosted human events since Prehistoric times, as evidenced by the remains of various period sites and small finds over the years. Within the vicinity of the site are such archaeological resources as: To the east Gaer Llywd, SAM MM013, one of the earliest portal Dolmens in the country (Lynch p65 1976). To the south west Cas Troggy SAM MM15, reputed to be one of a perimeter of six castles built by the de Clares early in the Norman Period to protect the then Royal Forest , (Phillips, p106. 2006). Bradney wrote of the surprising need to build such a castle after the death of Llewelyn ap Gruffydd and the peace that followed and suggested that Roger Bigod built it to awe the wild and lawless Welshmen living in and about the Wentwood (Bradney p160, 1932). Wentwood; believed to have originally covered some 7000 acres between the Usk and the Wye has been the focus of a few archaeological surveys in recent years which have revealed a great deal of interaction in medieval and post medieval times, interspersed with some evidence of prehistoric presence. Buckwell Farm lies within the parish of Newchurch; a parish divided into two hamlets Newchurch East and Newchurch West, with the new church of St Peter (medieval origin) standing on a ridge at the junction of the two parts, (Newman, p420. 2000). The eastern half appears to have always been more populous, with 114 houses recorded in 1861 against 36 in the west, (Bradney, p160. 1932). Apart from an increase of 4 houses in Newchurch West recorded in 1869, (Clark, p223), both parishes have declined so that in 1921 the east had only 73 and the west 25, (Bradney, p160. 1932). Clark also recorded two principle Farms; Great House and Buckwell. Historic Environment Records At the beginning of this project, GGAT defined the specific search area to 1 KM around the site centred on 342150 196454 (GGAT Parker, G. email 12/02/2014). On receipt of this specification, the agent applied for a HER search and duly received the following information: Surrounding vicinity supplied as text from HER: GGAT ID E001406 E001408 GGAT09232g NGR EAS 2009 EAS 2009 343063 194350 SITE TYPE Archaeological Survey Wentwood Archaeological Survey Wentwood charcoal burning platform PERIOD PostMedieval

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GGAT09234g GGAT09235g GGAT09236g GGAT09237g GGAT09238g GGAT09239g GGAT09240g GGAT09241g GGAT09242g GGAT09243g GGAT09244g GGAT09245g GGAT09246g GGAT09247g GGAT09248g GGAT09250g GGAT09251g GGAT09252g GGAT09253g GGAT09254g GGAT09255g GGAT09256g GGAT09258g GGAT09259g GGAT09260g GGAT09261g GGAT09262g GGAT09263g GGAT09264g GGAT09265g

Buckwell Farm, Usk

341769 194992 341863 195032 341942 195043 341983 195038 342005 194997 342052 194992 342053 195016 342018 195083 341857 195085 341797 195136 341991 195199 341950 195125 342013 195142 341919 195133 342002 194965 343204 195772 343259 195748 343246 195922 343345 195812 343361 195876 343345 195880 343304 195911 343335 196206 343238 196133 343141 196118 343204 196190 343179 196238 343149 196238 343007 196251 342917 196241 charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform Saw Pit Saw Pit charcoal burning platform Saw Pit charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform Saw Pit charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform Saw Pit charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform Saw Pit Saw Pit Saw Pit Saw Pit charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform Saw Pit Saw Pit charcoal burning platform Saw Pit charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform

DB/UMP/14
PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval

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GGAT09266g GGAT09267g GGAT09268g GGAT09269g GGAT09270g GGAT09271g GGAT09272g GGAT09273g GGAT09274g GGAT09275g GGAT09276g GGAT09277g GGAT09278g GGAT09279g GGAT09280g GGAT09281g GGAT09282g GGAT09283g GGAT09284g GGAT09285g GGAT09286g GGAT09335g

Buckwell Farm, Usk

342832 196233 342749 196245 342786 196105 342711 196144 342692 196180 342683 196046 342651 196040 342598 196136 342577 196007 342545 196040 342538 195901 342434 195977 342338 195877 342467 195750 342503 195836 342601 195722 342486 195715 342485 195787 342588 195761 342577 195776 342542 195823 341666 195011 charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform Saw Pit Saw Pit Saw Pit charcoal burning platform charcoal burning platform bank (earthwork)

DB/UMP/14
PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval PostMedieval

Surrounding vicinity supplied as map from HER: GGAT ID E003071 E001507 09760g 01118g 09749g 08583g 09866g 01117g 04033g 01116g NGR 3415 1952 GGAT 78 34088 19555 34116 19534 34072 19657 340687 197163 34073 19725 SITE TYPE Monmouth Archaeology WB Defended Enclosures of Gwent Enclosure Trackway Farm Mill House PERIOD

Unknown Unknown Post-Medieval Post-Medieval Post-Medieval

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03310g 01114g 01128g 09797g 01135g 09936g 01139g 09768g 01138g 09363.0g 09745g 09904g 09233g 01120g

Buckwell Farm, Usk

34006 19734 340878 197985 34256 19803 344 198 34411 19672 343621 195937 341940 195040 34151 19520 Enclosure House Barn The churchyard at Llangwm Uchaf House trackway Managed Woodland Castle

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Unknown Post-Medieval Post-Medieval Unknown Post-Medieval Post-Medieval Post-Medieval Medieval

Within the 1 km perimeter supplied by HER GGAT ID E001508 09944g 09939g 01129g (E001508) 01130g 09941g 09942g 09950g 08910g 01136g 01141g 09766g 09948g 09949g 09368.0g 09361.0g 09362.0g 09366.0g 09362.1g 09364.0g 09365.0g 09369.0g 09249g (E001406) 09964g 09370.0g 09372g 09371.0g 01121g 09373.0g 01119g 09754g 09755g 09759g NGR GGAT 78 SITE TYPE Defended Enclosures of Gwent Enclosure Country house PERIOD Prehistoric

34258 19753 34303 19762

Unknown Post-Medieval

34250 19718 34357 19682 3432 1968

Chapel Farm Grange

Post-Medieval Post-Medieval Medieval

343195 196362 343397 196362 343426 196195 343339 196157 343247 196239 343172 195748 343034 196243 342570 195870 342513 195974 342161 195725 342217 195939 3418 1957 341971 195605 34130 19540

trackway trackway trackway trackway trackway trackway trackway Managed Woodland trackway stone quarry trackway House trackway Earthwork

Post-Medieval Post-Medieval Post-Medieval Post-Medieval Post-Medieval Post-Medieval Post-Medieval Post-Medieval Post-Medieval Post-Medieval Medieval Post-Medieval Post-Medieval

The above data has been added to a background map of the area fig 02 and colour coded to periods identified in the HER; unknown, medieval and post medieval. Beginning with the outer search perimeter, the archaeological resources can be seen to be dominated by post medieval features relating almost exclusively to wood management: charcoal burning, sawpits and track ways.

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These post medieval resources arose from The Wentwood Survey Project, E001406 & E001408 undertaken by Engineering Archaeological Services 2008/9 This is not really a surprise considering how important charcoal supplies were in this area for the local iron industries. To the wood management records can be added three houses: 01114g, 01116g, 011139g, two farms: 01117g, 01136g, one chapel: 0891g, one mill: 04033g and a barn: 01128g to complete the compliment of post medieval archaeological resources. From the medieval period must be added 1 medieval house: 01121g and a castle: 01120g Cadw MM015; although 01117g listed above as post medieval also has the remains of a motte and bailey, Cadw MM061, which has been recorded and surveyed (Phillips, p164. 2006). The rest of the archaeological resources listed by the HER amount to two enclosures: 0118g, 03310g, a track way: 0858g and a church yard: 01135g, of unknown date. Within the specified 1 km perimeter the dominance of the known archaeological resources are extensions of the above noted post medieval wood management sites of the Wentwood. There are only a few exceptions: an enclosure of unknown date 01129g a medieval origin house Plateland 01121g documentary interpretation of a 1223 charter; area as Assart Grange to Monks of Tintern.01141g. The search perimeter and included HER known resources are shown in fig 03 overlaying the Buckwell farm Location Plan (1106[BD]1003). It can be quite clearly seen from this that the proposal will have no impact on any of known archaeological resources. Cartographic Information Both Tithe maps; Newchurch East and Newchurch West were accessed at Gwent Archive office but it was not possible to identify Buckholt/Buckwell farm with any degree of certainty. Map progression therefore relies on Ordnance Survey mapping. Four maps have been scaled and are presented in fig 04 for comparison, show the changes to the area of the site since 1830 to present. The first map, a, is the present site location map with the proposed area drawn in red. Map b, is the 1st series Ordnance survey map of 1830 which shows the farm The Buckholt as a house and barn in a rectangular enclosure reached by an access road, down hill to the south. In comparison with the proposed site, it can be seen that two areas south of the farm, one east and one west were given over to trees. Noting the extensive land management of the adjacent Wentwood it is possible that similar land use was undertaken within these wooded areas. The 3rd map c shows the farm layout some 52 years later when the wooded areas have been reduced to two narrow strips and the land has been sectioned off into the smaller rectilinear fields that exist at present. Access to the farm (Buckwell) is from the west were the road follows the contour of the hill. Another route is noted as a diagonal path to the south west.

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There were no further changes noted on the 1902 and 1920 revisions and the last map, d, 1973 attests to this because with the exception of a new metal clad barn next to the original farm complex, the 1973 map is practically identical to that of 1882. It can be seen from the map progressions that there are two possible areas of interest may be impacted upon by the development. These are the two areas of woodland shown on the 1830 1st series survey and the original road to the south which is now used as a path and field edge; still retaining a raised bank to the east. Site Inspection A site inspection was attempted on the 12th of March 2014, unfortunately in conditions of poor visibility. No additional visible features were recorded. A second site inspection was carried out on 14th of March, see cover photograph. During the second visit, the visual impact of the proposal from the viewpoint of the heritage settings was assessed.

Desk-top Assessment and Baseline Conditions

A.P.A.C. Ltd holds a limited amount of reference material on Monmouthshire in its library and in this instance was able to provide the copies of antiquarian books and journals relating to the known archaeology of the general area which furnished most of the background history. The Archaeology Data Service http://ads.ahds.ac.uk, was accessed online for archaeological resources recorded within the vicinity of the site. The online link directed the search to archwilio. The British Geological Survey, web site, www.bgs.ac.uk, was accessed online for Geo-technical data. The online search was able to provide a good geological appraisal of the area and show that there had been no geological work done in the area designated for this (DBA). British Listed Buildings, again an online search archive http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/ was able to confirm there were no listed buildings within the search area. Cadw was accessed online for known archaeological resources within the area and the specific site research parameter. Gwent County Archives was able to supply relevant Ordnance survey maps, tithe maps and apportionments. The latter proved to be unproductive as any reference to the farm could not be determined. Both east and west maps are quite sparsely populated and are in very large, unwieldy formats. Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments Wales was accessed through the ADS database, see above and Coflein which did not increase the information provided by archwilio. Historic Environment Record, held by GGAT was accessed with a search requested by the clients agent for a 1km search perimeter around the site centre; co ordinate 342150 196454. Archwilio, the searchable database of the Welsh Archaeological Trusts was used to add detail to the data resulting from the above search request.

Predicted Impacts of the Proposal on Known Archaeology

There are no known archaeological resources within the area to be developed, although the mapping shows that two areas of wood land have been removed and the access to the farm changed. Whether the woods would yield archaeological resources relating to wood management or the disused tack way any chance finds is pure speculation.

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The surroundings do however; show that there has been a human presence in the vicinity since prehistoric times and that this greatly increased in the post medieval period. However, there has since been a steady decline of habitation since the beginning of the 19th century.

Predicted Impacts of the Proposal on the Setting of Nearby Heritage Assets

A Landscape Character and Visual Impact Assessment study was completed for the proposed work in 2013 by TDA Environment, Landscape, Design. Their conclusions were: 4.21 The visual appraisal has established that, with the exception of photo viewpoints 11 & 12, views of the site from surrounding areas accessible to the general public are predominantly screened by a combination of native field boundary hedgerows & hedgerow trees, the natural undulating topography of the area, linear woodlands and coniferous trees. However, GGAT advised that: although the applicant has submitted a Landscape Character and Visual assessment in support of the application that acknowledges the importance of the heritage assets, this assessment has not considered the impact on the setting of either designated or non-designated archaeological sites within the Zone of Theoretical Visibility, and has restricted its assessment of the historic built environment to Listed Buildings. MON2075/GP. 20 Dec 2013. The above conclusion 4.12 was undertaken from fieldwork in October 2013, when the trees and hedgerows were in full cover, which would have presented a major obstacle for any viewpoint study. Tree and hedgerow cover during this study however was sparse; with new growth, just beginning therefore the visual obstacle presented was greatly reduced. Specific viewpoints at heritage assets were visited and assessed as to the potential visual impact of the proposed works: Old Road, from which Buckwell farm is now accessed, runs effectively across a ridge, sometimes running in a hollow between thick tall hedges. This effectively blocks any viewpoint from the north east, north and north west and west; furthermore, Buckwell farm buildings stand on the edge of a change of slope, which increases in gradient to the proposed fields, thereby blocking views from the road because of the false crest. Viewed from the south west at Castle Troggy SAM MM15 the view of the site is blocked by the tree line. Views from the south, south east and east cover the post medieval resources recorded in the north western reaches of the Surveys undertaken by EAS E001046 & E001048, discussed above as well as the medieval house, 01121g. With the exception of 01121g from which the view would be restricted by trees, the heritage resources consist of charcoal burning platforms and sawpits. It is questionable that such faint remains, which are the norm for these types of features, would be of interest to the public, but if so, then the dense tree cover in which by their nature they are situated, would prevent any casual views of the proposed site. Towards the east the HER lists a post medieval farm: 01136 and a general area for the medieval grange 01141g both of which would appear to be on private land, but are likely to be out of site of the proposed farm. Although not included in the HER research, but of major importance in the vicinity and noted for its visual prominence in the landscape, is the Prehistoric site of Gaer Llywdd, MM013, 01140g, (Phillips & McFarlan 2008).

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Gaerllwydd is 2.5km east of the site along the valley from the proposed site. Viewing west from Gaerllywd, the proposed site cannot be seen due not only to the road side hedges but more effectively by the presence of the secondary ridge to the west, which prevents Gaerllwyd from being seen from the lower valley (ibid). The conclusion therefore supports the earlier TBA report, with the addition that there is likely to be no impact on the heritage assets of the area.

10 Summary and Recommendations

The desk top research has produced some information suggesting that the general vicinity has had human presence since prehistoric times, culminating in a peak during the post medieval period. The site itself has been farmed since at least 1830 with little change, mostly all addition rather than disuse or abandonment The proposed development will have no impact on any known archaeological resources. The area does have a minimal potential, based on its surroundings, for undiscovered archaeological resources to be present. It is therefore recommended that all ground disturbance on the site, including turf removal for the garage and drive should be subject to a condition requiring an archaeological watching brief.

11 Acknowledgements
My thanks to the staff at the HER for their assistance and Clive Bevan at Buckle Chamberline Associates for all the documentation.

12 Archive
Original archive will be retained by APAC Ltd. A secondary Archive will be deposited with Gwent Records Office. Copies of the final report will be deposited with the client, agent, and the HER. A copy of the report will be placed online at sribd and a synopsis sent to Archaeology in Wales.

13 Staff
Dr. Neil Phillips, AIFA. The copyright for this report shall remain with the A.P.A.C. Ltd.

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A.P.A.C. 14 Bibliography and References:

APAC. Ltd., 2014. Bradney J., 1932 Buckle Chamberlain Partnership Ltd

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Design Brief for an Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment, 51 Maryport St, Usk. DB:DB5/UMP/14. A History of Monmouthshire from the coming of the Nomans into Wales down to present time (1994 re prt) Volume 4, Part 2. The hundred of Caldicot ( part 2). Merton Priory Press. Site Location Plan NA 1106[BD]1003 Sept 2013. Sept 2013. Sept 2003.

Proposed site Layout plan 1106[BD]1002 Proposed boundary details 1106[BD]1003 Cadw

Guide to Good Practice on Using the Register of landscapes of Historic Interest in Wales in the Planning and Development Process. (ASIDOHL2) 2007. Conservation principles for the suitable management of the historic environment in Wales 2011.

Clark, J. H., 1869. English Heritage Institute of Archaeologists

History of Monmouthshire. Usk. The Setting of Heritage Assets. June 2012. Code of approved practice for the regulation of contractual arrangements in archaeology 2008. Standard and guidance for desk-based assessment 2012

Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust

MON2075/GP. RE: Installation of photovoltaic panels (circa 32,430), gravel access track: Buckwell Farm, pen Y Cae Mawr, Usk PL.APP. No: DC/2013/00925. Early medieval ecclastical sites in southeast Wales. DBA. Evans, E., 2003/030. Project no: GGAT 73.

Lynch, F., 1976. Monmouthshire County Council

Towards a Chronology of Megalithic Tombs in Wales. In Boon, G.c., & Lewis, J. M., (eds.) Welsh Antiquity. 63-79. DC/2013/00925 Application for Planning Permission.

Monmouth Archaeology Watching Brief Report, Castle Cottage, Pen-y-Cae Mawr, Usk. Clarke, S., & Bray, J. Newman, J., 2000. Phillips, N., 2006. Phillips, N., & McFarlane, I., 2008. Phillips, N., & McFarlane, I., 2008b. The Buildings of Wales Gwent/Monmouthshire. Penquin Books. UWP. Earthwork castles of Gwent and Ergyng 1050-1250 AD. BAR 420. The Neolithic Tomb at Gaerllwydd, Newchurch West. Monmouthshire Antiquarian Assocition. VOL. XXIV. Gaerllwyd, Shirenewton. Archaeology in Wales, 48, 117-118.

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A.P.A.C.
TDA Environment Landscape Design Usk Land Survey

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Landscape Character and Visual Impact Assessment of Proposed Solar Development on Land at Buckwell Farm, Text, Plans, Photographs & Appendices 2013 Buckwell Farm Topographical Survey. 01291-1, June 2013.

Online: Archaeology Data Service http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/ Archwilio The Historic Environment Record of the Welsh Archaeological Trusts. http://www.archwilio.org.uk/ British Geological Survey http://www.bgs.uk/geoindex/ British Listed Buildings http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk Magic http://magic.defra.gov.uk/ Old Maps http://www.old-maps.co.uk/ Open street map http://www.openstreetmap.org/way Promap http://www.promap.co.uk/ Royal Commission of Ancient and Historical Monuments Wales http://www.rcahmw.gov.uk/LO/ENG/Search+Records/Explore+Coflein/ Vision of Britain through Time http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk

A.P.A.C. Registered Address: 36 Hatherleigh Rd, Abergavenny Monmouthshire NP7 7RG. Tel: 07734962919. Mobile: 07734962919 Email: apac.philips@btinternet.com Company Registration No 5041541 VAT Reg No 826 3628 19 Director: Dr. N. Phillips D.Phil. M. Phil. BA (Hons).Cert Ed/FE. AIFA.

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Buckwell Farm, Nr Usk

Ordnance Survey Copyright Licence (No. 100046577)

Fig 01: Location

A.P.A.C. Ltd DK/UBF/14

Buckwell Farm, Nr Usk

01114g

01128g

01135g

01130g

01129g

03310g

01116g 04033g

08910g 0923470g 0923469g 0923473g 0923467g 0923466g 0923465g 09369.0g 0923464g 0923475g 09371.0g 0923477g 0923476g 0923478g 01121g 092346880g 092346883g 01141g 01136g Unknown period Medieval 09368.0g 09361.0g Post-Medieval

01117g

01118g 08583g 01119g 01120g 09243g 09242g 09335g 09234g 09235g

09373.0g 09247g 09245g

09372g

09244g 09246g 09241g 09236g 09240g 09239g 09238g

0923462g 09362.1g 09263g 0923461g 0923458g 09362.0g 0923468g 0923459g 09366.0g 0923460g 0923471g 0923472g 0923452g 0923456g 09363.0g 0923474g 0923452g 0923475g 0929249g 0923453g 0923455g 0923486g 0923485g 09251g 092346884g 09365.0gg 092346881g 092346882g 0923450g 092346879g

Ordnance Survey Copyright Licence (No. 100046577)

0923460g

09237g 09233g 09248g 09232g

1 km

Fig 02: HER search results

A.P.A.C. Ltd DK/UBF/14

Buckwell Farm, Nr Usk

08910g

1 km diameter

Unknown period Medieval Post-Medieval

0923467g

0923466g

0923465g

0923464g 09369.0g

0923470g 0923473g 0923469g 0923468g

0923475g 0923474g 0923477g 09371.0g

0923471g 0923472g

0923475g 0923478g 0923476g 0929249g 092346880g 0923486g 092346883g 092346879g 09372g 01121g 092346882g 0923485g 092346884g 092346881g

09373.0g

Fig 03: Proposed site with HER

A.P.A.C. Ltd DK/UBF/14

Buckwell Farm, Nr Usk

Site location
0

1830 1st series Ordnance Survey. Sheet 35. 1:63360

500m

1882 Ordnance Survey Monmouthshire 1:2500

1973 Ordnance Survey Gloucestershire. 1:2500 Fig 04: Map progression

A.P.A.C. Ltd DK/UBF/14 Ordnance Survey Copyright Licence (No. 100046577)