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Contents
Radio Interface
Um
BTS MS
Another MSC
PSTN ISDN
MSC/VLR
BSC A interface
A-bis interface Um
MSC
MAP interface
HLR/AUC/LR MS
OMC
SMC
Um interface
Integrated management
RACH
BCCH
AGCH/PCH
SDCCH
SACCH
TCH
FACCH
SACCH
TCH23 IDL
Multiframe
Time
TDMA
Frequency
Frequency
Frequency
Time
TDMA
Frequency
Frequency
Frequency
Contents
20ms Voice A/D A/D 8KHz 13bit Segme Segme ntation ntation 22.8kbit/s Speech Speech coding coding 13kbit/s Channel Channel coding coding
33.8kbit/s Interleaving Interleaving Encryption Encryption Burst Burst formatting formatting Modulation Modulation Transmission
Speech Coding
The coding mode is called Regular Pulse Excited-Long Term Prediction (RPE-LTP). It works as follow: 8KHZ of sampling is performed first, then divided into frames with 20ms; every frame has 4 sub-frames; the duration of every sub-frame is 5ms; and the pure bit rate is 13kbit/s.
Channel Coding
*2+4
132bit
456bit
78bit
Interleaving
B
1 12 23 34 45 56 67 78 8 ... ... ... ... 452 452 453 453 454 454 455 455 456 456
First interleaving:
B0 1 9
B1 B2 2 10 . . . 450 3 11 . . . 451
B3 B4 B5 4 12 . . . 452 5 13 . . . 453
....
. . . 449
....
Second interleaving:
{A4,B0} {A4,B0} {A5,B1} {A5,B1} {A6,B2} {A6,B2} {A7,B3} {A7,B3} {B4,C0} {B4,C0} {B5,C1} {B5,C1} {B6,C2} {B6,C2}
{B7,C3} {B7,C3}
Interleaving
B
1 12 23 34 45 56 67 78 8 ... ... ... ... 452 452 453 453 454 454 455 455 456 456
First interleaving:
B0 1 9
B1 B2 2 10 . . . 450 3 11 . . . 451
B3 B4 B5 4 12 . . . 452 5 13 . . . 453
....
. . . 449
....
Second interleaving:
{A4,B0} {A4,B0} {A5,B1} {A5,B1} {A6,B2} {A6,B2} {A7,B3} {A7,B3} {B4,C0} {B4,C0} {B5,C1} {B5,C1} {B6,C2} {B6,C2}
{B7,C3} {B7,C3}
Voice Burst
3 3
57 57
1 1
26 26
1 1
57 57
3 3
TA
Transmission delay t
Transmission delay t
TA
Transmission delay t
Transmission delay t
Frequency Hopping
Frequency
f0 f1 f2 f3 f4 Frame Time
Frequency Hopping
Frequency
f0 f1 f2 f3 f4 Frame Time
DTX
Shut off the transmission at voice intervals; Only transmit SID frames The transcoder at the RX terminal produces comfortable noise.
DTX
Shut off the transmission at voice intervals; Only transmit SID frames The transcoder at the RX terminal produces comfortable noise.
Power Control
! ! ! ! !
Prolong battery life Reduce network interference Include both uplink power control and downlink power control Level and quality are taken into account BSC is the final adjudicator
Signal level Target level value: e.g. -85 dm BCCH Carrier is not involved in power control.
Time
Contents
200kHz
BP 15/26ms Slit
Time
Frame
1 hyper frame=2048 super-frames=2715648TDMA frames (3 hours, 28 minutes, 53 seconds and 760 milliseconds) TCH SACCH/T FACCH 0 1 2 3 2044 2045 2046 2047 BCCH CCCH SDCCH 47 48 24 49 25 50
Normal burst (NB) Frequency correction burst (FB) Synchronous burst (SB) Access burst (AB)
TB TB GP 58 information bits 26 training sequences 58 information bits 3 3 8.25 TB TB GP Constant bit 142 3 3 8.25 TB Information bit 39 Extended training sequence 64Information bit 39 TB GP 3 3 8.25 TB Synchronous sequence 41 TB GP 68.25 Information bit 36 3 3
Frame
1 hyper frame=2048 super-frames=2715648TDMA frames (3 hours, 28 minutes, 53 seconds and 760 milliseconds) TCH SACCH/T FACCH 0 1 2 3 2044 2045 2046 2047 BCCH CCCH SDCCH 47 48 24 49 25 50
Normal burst (NB) Frequency correction burst (FB) Synchronous burst (SB) Access burst (AB)
TB TB GP 58 information bits 26 training sequences 58 information bits 3 3 8.25 TB TB GP Constant bit 142 3 3 8.25 TB Information bit 39 Extended training sequence 64Information bit 39 TB GP 3 3 8.25 TB Synchronous sequence 41 TB GP 68.25 Information bit 36 3 3
Burst
Access burst (AB): Used in MS initial access
Tail bit Data 41 synchronous bits 36 encrypted bits Tail bit Guard interval
8bit
3bit
68.25bit
Frequency correction burst (FB): Used in frequency synchronization between MS and BTS
Tail bit Data Tail bit Guard interval
3bit
142bit
3bit
8.25bit
3bit
39 encrypted bits
3bit 8.25bit
Burst
Normal burst (NB): Used to carry the information of the traffic channel and the control channel except for RACH
Tail bit Data 57 encrypted bits Training sequence Data 57 encrypted bits Tail bit Guard interval
3bit
1 26bit 1
Frame stealing flag
3bit
8.25bit
Dummy burst (DB): Used in transmission of filling frames by BTS at timeslots when there is no information delivered
Tail bit Tail bit 142 modulation bits Guard interval
3bit
3bit
8.25bit
Control channel
FCH
SCH
AGCH
RACH
SDCCH
FACCH
TCH/F
TCH/H
SACCH
Common Channel
BCCH
CCCH
PCH AGCH
SDCCH
Dedicated Channel
DCCH
SACCH FACCH
TCH
TCH/F TCH/H
Common Channel
BCCH
CCCH
PCH AGCH
SDCCH
Dedicated Channel
DCCH
SACCH FACCH
TCH
TCH/F TCH/H
RACH
CCCH
Common channel
DCCH
Dedicated channel
TCH
RACH
CCCH
Common channel
DCCH
Dedicated channel
TCH
off state
Search for frequency correction burst Search for synchronization sequence Read system information
idle mode
Listen paging message Send access burst Wait for signaling channel allocation
dedicated mode
idle mode
26-frame multiframe
TCH/F+FACCH/F+SACCH/TF (full-rate TCH) TCH/H+FACCH/H+SACCH/TH (half-rate TCH)
51-frames multiframe
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH (main BCCH) FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH+SDCCH/4+SACCH/C4 (combined BCCH) BCCH+CCCH (extended BCCH) SDCCH/8+SACCH/C8 (main SDCCH)
Group
Group1
Group2
(same as Group2)
Grpup5
BX4
CX4
CX4
CX4
CX4
CX4
2-5
6-9
10
11
12-15
16-19
20-39
40
41
42-45
46-49
50
Channel
RR
Frame Number
10
11
12
13-46
47
48
49
50
Uplink D0 D0 4 4 D1 D1 4 4 R R R R D2 D2 4 4
Frame Number
0-3
6-9
10-13
14-36
37-40
41-44
45
46
47-50
Channel
Channel
Frame Number
0-3
4-7
8-11
12-15
16-19
20-23
24-27
28-31
32-35
36-39
40-43
44-47
48
49
50
Channel
Channel
Frame Number
0-3
4-7
8-11
12
13
14
23-26
31-34
35-38
39-42
43-46
47-50
Channel
TT
Frame Number
10
20
21
22
23
24
25
T:TCH; I:IDLE
Downlink CCCH
Uplink CCCH
PCH
AGCH
RACH
How to determine the total CCCH resources of the cell? How to allocate AGCH and PCH reasonably?
CCCH Grouping
The GSM system supports various kinds of channel combinations (GPRS not taken into account), in which the main BCCH, extended BCCH, combined BCCH, and the BCCH+CBCH combination contain the CCCH, i.e. all of the four combinations support the MS access. The MS are distributed to different CCCH groups based on this fact.
CCCH Grouping
The GSM specifies that the CCCH can be mapped to timeslots 0, 2, 4 and 6 but the extended BCCH combination can only be mapped to timeslots 2, 4 and 6 because it does not contain FCCH and SCH. Therefore, all MS synchronize with the base station at timeslot 0 and access the network via different CCCH.
Paging Group
The GSM system supports a maximum of 9!9=81 paging groups. the MS can be divided into 81 sub-groups at most from the opinion of the paging group. No matter what combination mode is adopted, the number of blocks used for paging in every 51 multi-frame does not exceed 9. The system enables the 51 multi-frame to cycle again , with a quantity of BS-PA-MFRAMS (number of frames of the same paging) of 51 multi-frames as a period.
Paging Group
In GSM terms, the paging block in any 51 multiframe is called a paging super-group. Therefore, the number of paging superframes in the system is the number of frames of the same paging. The number of paging groups in each super-group is 9 or 3 number of access granted reserved blocks.
CCCH group number of MS=[(IMSI mod 1000) mod (BS_CC_CHANS x N)] div N
Paging group number of MS=[(IMSI mod 1000) mod (BS_CC_CHANS x N)] mod N
In the formula: N = Number of paging groups x BS-PA-MFRAMS IMSI = IMSI number of the mobile phone mod = Modulo calculation div = Divide exactly
Questions
! !