CreatingandEditingSpatialData

SpatialData

OneoftheveryimportantthingsthatanArcMapuserhastolearnishowtocreateandedit
spatialdata.But,itisalsoasimportantastolearntheconceptofspatialdata.Rememberthat
inArcMap,ausercanmakeuseoftwotypesofdata,thespatialandthenonspatial.Non
spatialdataaredatathatisnotgeographicalintegrated,whichmeanthatinusingsuchkindof
datayouhavetoperformsomeoperations.Spatialdataontheotherhand,isalreadyapartof
agraphicalrepresentationofanarea.Spatialdatacanbeintegratedintoaline/polyline,point,
orpolygon.Withthatinformation,wheneverauserwillclickanyfeaturewithinamap(withthe
useofIdentify)ArcMapwillbeabletodisplayaddedinformationasincludedwithinthespatial
data.Spatialdataisalsotermedasgeospatialdataorgeographicinformation.Includedinthe
dataaregeographiclocationsoffeaturesandboundaries,coordinates,andtopology.Mostly
spatialdataaretheoneneededforGISprocessing.

DataAcquisitions

Acquiringspatialdatacanbedoneinmanyways.Thereiswhatwecalledasdigitizing,itisthe
processwhereaprintedmaphastobecapturedusingaphotoscannerandtheimagethatit
producedistracewithinArcMap.Anotheronestillwiththeuseofsketchingmethod,willbe
fromaerialphotographandtraceaswellwithinArcMap.Also,wecanacquirespatialdataby
actuallydoingasurvey.SurveyscanbedoneusingtheTotalStationorusingtheGlobal
PositioningSystem(GPS).

DatafromtheTotalStationortheGPSstillneedstobeprocessedinorderforittobeused
withinArcMap.Thedatathathasbeengatheredwillthenbemanipulatedinorderforittobe
alignedwithanycoordinatesystemsandonanyexistingArcInfospatialdata.

GISLaboratoryExercise4CreatingandEditingSpatialData

Objectives:
Inthisexercise,youwill:
- AlignanacquiredaerialphotousingGeoreferencing
- CreatingandEditingspatialdatafromaerialphotograph
- ImportingspatialdatafromCADfile

UsingGeoreferencingtoalignanaerialphotograph

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Acquiringaspatialdatacanbedoneinmanyways.Withtheexistenceoftheinternet,wecan
beabletoacquireabundantsourcesofthesedata.Forthisportionoftheexercise,wewill
utilizeanaerialphotoobtainedfromGoogleEarthprogram.

o RunArcCatalog.

o Makesurethatthefileextensionisvisible.Hint:ClickCustomizemenuandthenselect
ArcCatalogOptions.

o ClicktheGeneraltabifnecessary,andmakesurethatFolderConnections(always
shown),Toolboxes,andReturntolastlocationwhenArcCatalogstartsuparetheonly
boxesthatshowsthechecksign.ThenclickOK.

o VerifyLearnGIS2folderappearsonyourFolderConnections.Ifnot,thenyouhaveto
addLearnGIS2folder.

o ExpandLearnGIS2andselectCreatingandEditingSpatialDatafolder.

1. Whatarethefilesanditscorrespondingtypecontainedinthisfolder?

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o ExpandCreatingandEditingSpatialDatafolder,rightclickonSRP_01.jpg,andselect
Propertiesfromthepopupmenu.

2. DoesthisRasterDatasetcontainanyspatialreference?

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o ClosethePropertiesdialogboxandclickonthePreviewtab.

3. DescribethecontentofSRP_01.jpg.

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o CloseArcCatalogandrunArcMap.

o InArcMap,clickFilemenuandselectOpen.LocateCebuCitySRP.mxdmapdocumentin
..\LearnGIS2\CreatingandEditingSpatialDatafolderandclickOpen.

YourcurrentviewistheSRPAreawhichisaviewbookmark.Currently,SRP(SouthRoad
Properties)doesnotexistonthismap.ItisourobjectivetocreatethemapoftheSRP.Since
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theonlywaywecandothatistomakeuseofareferencemapwhichisanaerialphotoofthe
area.

o FromCatalog,locateSRP_01.jpganddragdropittotheDataFrame.

o OntheCreatePyramidsforSRP_01.jpg(4000x2604)dialogbox,clickonYes.(Ifadialog
boxrelatedtoSpatialReferencewillappear,justclickOK).

o ZoomtoFullExtent.

4. Describewhathappened.Whatisthescaleofthemap?Canyouseetheimageandthe
mapclearly?

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o ZoomtoSRP_01.jpglayer.Hint:RightclickSRP_01.jpgandthenclickZoomToLayer.

o UsingthemousescrollortheZoomOuttool,zoomouttheDataFrameuntilyoureach
theapproximatescalevalueofthefullextentview.

5. Describetheactuallocationoftheimagewithrespecttothemap.

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o ClicktheFullExtentzoomtoolagain.

o ClicktheCustomizemenuthenselectToolbarsandverifythatGeoreferencingis
checked.

o TheGeoreferencingtoolbar will
appear.Dockittothetoolbararea.

SinceGeoreferencingtoolwillworkonRasterandimportableformats,whatwouldonlyappear
ontheLayerdropdownlististheSRP_01.jpg.

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o ClickBookmarksmenuandselectSRPArea.

o ClicktheGeoreferencingdropdownmenuandclickFitToDisplay.

o ClickBookmarksmenuagainandselectRightMostPoint.Locateayellowcoloredcircle
ontheimagesimilartowhatisshownbelow.

o ZoomtoFullExtent.FromtheTableOfContents,movetheSRP_01.jpgabove
BrgysOfCebuCitylayer.

o ClickBookmarksagainandselectLeftMostPointtoviewtheleftmostpartoftheimage
asshownbelow.

o Thistime,clicktheBookmarksmenuandclickSRPArea.

Takenotethatforthisexercisereferencepointsareheldoutforyoutomakesurethatyouwill
beabletoeasilylocateit.

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o PlacetheSRP_01.jpgbelowBrgysOfCebuCitylayeronceagain.

o SetthetransparencyofBrgysOfCebuCityto75%.Hint:RightclickonBrgysOfCebuCity
layerandclickProperties.ClicktheDisplaytabontheLayerPropertiesdialogboxand
type75ontheTransparentfield.

o ClickBookmarksmenuandselectLeftMostPoint.Besurethattheyellowdotonthe
imagewillbevisible,ifnecessaryzoominsomemore.

o OntheGeoreferencingtool,uncheckAutoAdjust(clicktheGeoreferencingdropdown
menu)andthenclicktheAddControlPointsbutton .Clickonthecenterofthe
yellowdotandsettheotherendpointofthelineatanintersectingroadjustaboveit.
Verifyyourresultthroughthefollowinggraphic.

o NowclicktheBookmarkmenuagainandselectRightMostPoint.

o Clickonthecenteroftheyellowdotandsettheotherendpointofthelineatthetipofa
polygonshapeasshownbelow.
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Thefirst
protruding
polygonon
thisarea.
o ClicktheGeoreferencingdropdownmenuandclickUpdateDisplay.

Note:IncaseyouwillhavesomemistakesinusingtheAddControlPoints,justopentheLink
TabledialogboxbyclickingtheViewLinkTable .OntheLinkTabledialogbox,youmay
deleteanyexistinglinksthatyouhavecreated.

6. WhathappenedtotheimageontheDataFrame(UsethePantool toexaminethe
map)?

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o ClickUpdateGeoreferencingintheGeoreferencingtool.Saveyourmapas
MyCebuCitySRPinyour..\MyGISOutputsfolder.

o RemovetheGeoreferencingtoolfromyourtoolbar.Hint:Rightclickontheemptyarea
ofthetoolbarforthepopupmenutoappearanduncheckGeoreferencing.

CreatingaSpatialDatabysketchingtheaerialphotograph

ThegeneraltermusedforanygeographiclayerwithinanyGISsoftwareisSpatialData.In
ArcMap10thisisspecificallycalledaFeatureClasswhileinolderArcGIS3itiscommonlyas
Shapefile.

o ClickontheCatalogtoolandlocateCebu_City_SRPgeodatabase
..\LearnGIS2\CreatingandEditingSpatialDatafolder. whichisin

o RightclickonCebu_City_SRPgeodatabaseselectNewandthenclickFeatureClass.
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o OntheNewFeatureClassdialogbox,typeSRP_RoadsontheNamefieldandthenselect
LineFeaturesunderType.ClickNexttocontinue.

o Forthecoordinatesystemselection,clickonImport.OntheBrowseforCoordinate
SystemdialogboxlocateandselectBrgysOfCebuCityfeatureclasswhichislocatedin
..\LearnGIS2\CreatingandEditingSpatialData\Cebu_City_SRPgeodatabasethenclick
Add.VerifythatPhilippines_Zone_IVwillappearintheNamefield.ClickNextthrice.

o UndertheFieldNamecolumn,onthethirdrowtypeRoad_NameandsettheDataType
asTextthenclickonFinish.
SRP_RoadslayerisnowbeingaddedtotheTableOfContents,butthislayerisstillempty
thereforewewillplacesomefeaturesintothislayer.
o RightclickontheemptyareaofthetoolbarandenabletheEditortool.DocktheEditor
toolifnecessary.AlsoenabletheSnappingtoolanddockitifnecessary.

o ClicktheEditordropdownmenuandclickStartEditingasshownbelow.

o TheCreateFeaturesdockingwindownowappearedontherightsideofArcMap.Select
theSRP_RoadsandontheConstructionToolsbesuretoselectLine.

o ZoomtotheareaneartheFortSanPedroneartheMalacaansaSugboandbegintracing
themajorroadfromthatpoint.BesurethatUseSnappingisunchecked.Verifythisin
Snappingtool.
Whiledoingthetracingyoumightwanttopanorzoomthemapwithoutlosingthetracing
mode.Youcandothatbyutilizingtheshortcutkeys.Inordertopanthemapwhileintracing
mode,presstheCkeyandassoonasthecursorchangesintoahandsymbolwithoutreleasing
theCkeydragthemousetowhereyouwantthemaptobefocused.
Forthezoomingoperationwhileontracingmode,justpresstheZkeyanddragaboxaround
theareayouwanttozoomin.Justusethemousescrollifyouwanttozoominoroutwithout
specifyinganarea.
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Tospecifyanendtoasegmentjustclickonitandcontinuethetracinguntilyouarriveatthe
locationoftheboundarybetweenTalisayandCebuCity.Wheneveryouarriveatthatpoint,
rightclickandselectFinishSketchonthepopupmenu.Theroadshouldbemoreorlesslikely
thesameasthefollowing.

o Whiletheroadishighlighted,opentheattributesbyclickingtheAttributesbuttonon
theEditortoolbar .OntheAttributesdockablewindow,settheRoad_Namefieldas
CebuSouthCoastalRoad.

o Next,wewilltracetheSRPMambalingRoadwhichiscompletelyshownbelow.(Name
theroadontheAttributeswindowasSRPMambalingRoad)
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o ClickontheEditordropdownmenuandclickSaveEdits,thenStopEditing.

o SettheSRP_RoadssymbolcolortoYuccaYellow(row1,column5)anditsWidthto2.
ThistimewearegoingtocreatetheareawhichistheentireSRP.
o Usingwhatyoulearnincreatingnewfeatureclass,createapolygonfeatureclassand
nameitasSRP_Area.Forthefields,justprovidethefollowing:
o FieldName:Area_NameDataType:Text

o Usingwhatyoulearnwhenyouauthoredtheroads,starteditingthefeatureclass.

7. OnCreateFeatureswindow,doestheSRP_Areafeatureclassappearonthelist?

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FortheSRP_Areafeatureclasstoappear,youneedtocreateatemplateforit.
o ClickontheOrganizeTemplates ontheCreateFeatureswindow.

o OntheOrganizeFeatureTemplateswindow,selectSRP_AreaandselectNewTemplate
thenclickFinishthenClose.

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o OntheCreateFeatureswindow,selectSRP_AreaandontheConstructionToolsselect
PolygonandtracetheboundaryoftheSRPartificialislandasshownbelowandsetthe
Area_NametoSRPArtificialIsland.

o Saveandstoptheediting.

o SetthesymbolcolorofSRP_AreatoVioletDust(row7,column10).

o OpentheSRP_Areasattributetable.

8. Howmuchistheareaofthecreatedpolygon?_______________________
WehavecreatedtheareaoftheSRPbutifyouhidetheSRP_Areaandviewtheimage,youwill
observethatthereisapondwithinthearea.Wehavetoremoveaportionofourexisting
polygontomaketheexactreclaimedareaofSRPandmakethehallowarea.
o SettheSRP_Areatransparencyto30%.Hint:RightclickontheSRP_Arealayerinthe
TableOfContentsandselectProperties.ClickonDisplayifnecessary,andset
Transparentfieldto30thenclickOK.

o ClicktheEditordropdownmenuandStartEditing.

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o OntheSnappingtoolbar,besuretoenableUsesnapping.Makesurethatthesnapping
modewillonlybeEndSnappingbyclickingonothersnappingmodestoremovethe
highlightasshownbelow.

o SelecttheSRP_AreaontheCreateFeatureswindowandselectthepolygonarea(which
willshowahighlightedpolygon)ontheDataFrameandfromtheEditortoolselectCut
PolygonsTool .

o Nowbegintracingtheareaofthepondandtoendthetracing,doubleclickonthe
startingpointofthistrace.Refertothefigurebelowforverification.

o Currently,theSRPpolygonisalsoselected.NowclickonEditTool andselectthe
pondpolygonandpressthedeletekey.

o Saveandstopediting.

9. HowmuchistheareaoftheSRP_Areapolygonthistime?__________________

o RestorethetransparencyoftheBrgysOfCebuCityandSRP_Areabackto0andhide
SRP_01.jpg
Thecorrectwayofconstructingthepolylineroadfeatureonintersectionsistocuttheroad
onceitarrivedonanintersection.Crossingoflineswithinapolylinefeatureclassisincorrect,
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inthefollowingstepwehavetoeditSRP_RoadwherewewillcorrectlysketchtheSRP
MambalingCebuSouthCoastalintersection.
o OpentheSRP_Roadsattributetable.

10. HowmanyrecordsarethereintheSRP_Roads?______________

o Usingwhatyouhavelearnedineditinglayers,edittheSRP_Roads.
o SelecttheCebuSouthCoastalRoadandfromtheEditortoolbar,selectSplitTool .

o ClickontheintersectionbetweenSRPMambalingRoadandSouthCoastalRoad.

11. OnceagainviewtheSRP_Roadsattributetable.Howmanyrecordsarethere?

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o Saveandstopyourediting.

o Updateyourmapdocument.Hint:ClickonFilemenuthenSave.

o Fromwhatyouhavelearnedinmaplayout(ie.Exercise#1),createamaplayout
focusingontheSRPareaandexportitonaPDFfile.Besuretoenablethelabelsonthe
roadswithinSRP.IncludescalebarandscaletextaswellwithamaptitleCebuCity
SouthRoadProperties.

Preparedby:
Engr.JaniceB.Jamora,MEngandEngr.NoelT.Navasca,CompE
December2012

References:
1. ArcGISDesktopII:ToolandFunctionalitybyGEODATA,ESRI
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