Worlds Muslims Religion Politics Society Topline1

PEW RESEARCH CENTER'S FORUM ON RELIGION & PUBLIC LIFE
THE WORLD'S MUSLIMS: RELIGION, POLITICS AND SOCIETY

SURVEY TOPLINE RESULTS
Total DK/Ref.
A particularly
bad day
A particularly
good day
A typical day
Q1. To begin, how would you describe your day todayhas it been a
typical day, a particularly good day, or a particularly bad day?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 1 17 55 27
100 0 12 34 54
100 0 10 23 67
100 2 5 43 50
100 2 5 17 76
100 1 17 51 31
100 2 6 24 68
100 4 9 51 36
100 1 10 38 51
100 2 10 39 48
100 1 9 37 53
100 2 5 35 58
100 1 5 21 72
100 9 17 32 42
100 1 8 36 55
100 1 11 34 54
100 1 4 33 62
100 0 10 24 66
100 1 3 14 83
100 0 13 24 63
100 0 28 25 48
100 2 4 16 78
100 2 29 25 45
100 0 6 27 66
100 1 5 28 67
100 3 4 25 68
100 0 9 10 80
100 0 1 27 72
100 0 5 22 73
100 0 1 36 62
100 4 8 24 64
100 1 3 36 60
100 0 2 33 66
100 0 0 24 75
100 1 3 15 81
100 4 3 21 71
100 4 7 41 48
100 2 8 17 74
100 0 9 34 57
* Data from Tolerance and Tension: Islam and Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa, conducted in 2008-2009 and released in 2010.
^ Interviews conducted with Muslims in five southern provinces only. See methodology for details.
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Total DK/Ref. High (7-10)
Medium (4-
6)
Low (0-3)
Q2. Here is a 'ladder of life.' Suppose the top represents the best
possible life for you; and the bottom, the worst possible life for you.
On which step of the ladder do you feel you personally stand at the
present time?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 1 13 56 31
100 0 1 45 54
100 0 13 67 20
100 0 33 53 14
100 4 15 61 20
100 0 15 60 25
100 1 23 59 17
100 1 21 62 17
100 0 10 54 37
100 0 28 40 32
100 1 18 68 13
100 0 9 63 28
100 0 43 43 14
100 2 10 70 17
100 0 10 71 18
100 0 18 65 17
100 2 10 68 20
100 1 30 53 16
100 2 51 39 8
100 0 24 64 12
100 0 31 56 13
100 0 31 59 9
100 0 13 63 25
100 1 31 51 17
100 0 13 73 13
100 0 13 59 28
100 0 29 65 5
100 0 57 42 1
100 0 30 63 7
100 0 37 57 6
100 1 37 49 12
100 0 11 76 13
100 0 31 64 5
100 0 29 68 3
100 3 16 61 20
100 1 28 64 7
100 1 12 67 20
100 0 38 50 12
100 1 31 53 15
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Medium (4-
6)
Low (0-3)
Q3. On which step would you say you stood five years ago?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 2 13 38 47
100 0 6 43 51
100 0 20 60 19
100 0 20 58 22
100 5 22 53 20
100 0 11 41 47
100 1 27 52 20
100 1 22 41 37
100 0 17 57 26
100 3 32 51 14
100 5 15 56 24
100 0 6 51 43
100 5 43 41 12
100 3 14 61 22
100 0 4 54 42
100 0 22 49 28
100 4 12 64 20
100 1 35 46 18
100 3 51 38 8
100 0 20 75 5
100 0 29 55 16
100 1 20 59 19
100 0 18 60 22
100 2 35 49 14
100 0 11 66 23
100 0 8 51 40
100 1 24 58 18
100 0 41 53 6
100 0 30 59 11
100 1 26 53 20
100 1 35 47 17
100 1 7 64 28
100 1 28 55 16
100 0 20 66 13
100 6 12 58 24
100 2 28 54 15
100 1 15 63 20
100 1 47 41 11
100 1 36 47 16
* Data from Tolerance and Tension: Islam and Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa, conducted in 2008-2009 and released
in 2010.
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Medium (4-
6)
Low (0-3)
Q4. Just your best guess, on which step do you think you will stand in
the future, say five years from now?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 7 43 35 15
100 29 13 35 23
100 10 71 15 3
100 4 77 11 8
100 10 64 19 7
100 6 47 34 13
100 3 72 20 4
100 4 90 4 2
100 9 42 36 13
100 18 68 9 5
100 8 76 7 9
100 6 42 42 10
100 9 66 22 4
100 27 45 19 9
100 1 63 35 1
100 6 71 21 3
100 9 45 39 7
100 7 56 27 10
100 8 68 21 3
100 2 37 37 24
100 3 36 44 18
100 16 52 28 4
100 2 24 51 23
100 30 30 27 12
100 9 55 32 4
100 8 31 50 11
100 17 63 18 2
100 8 77 14 0
100 8 59 30 3
100 10 74 14 1
100 12 51 28 9
100 7 37 52 3
100 8 74 17 1
100 7 67 24 2
100 47 33 14 6
100 16 57 24 4
100 17 34 41 8
100 2 53 29 16
100 10 57 20 13
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Total DK/Ref. Dissatisfied Satisfied
Q5. Overall, are you satisfied or dissatisfied with the
way things are going in our country today?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 4 70 26
100 1 66 33
100 0 90 10
100 1 80 19
100 5 59 36
100 7 66 27
100 6 61 33
100 2 44 53
100 1 83 16
100 2 59 38
100 1 43 55
100 2 51 47
100 2 34 64
100 6 68 26
100 1 58 41
100 3 64 32
100 3 50 47
100 1 68 31
100 6 38 56
100 1 89 11
100 3 52 45
100 3 56 41
100 4 36 60
100 3 85 12
100 2 55 43
100 2 35 64
100 3 39 57
100 3 14 84
100 2 60 38
100 2 9 89
100 3 43 54
100 1 19 79
100 2 58 39
100 2 18 81
100 7 39 54
100 9 43 48
100 2 77 20
100 1 86 12
100 3 64 33
* Data from Tolerance and Tension: Islam and Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa, conducted in 2008-2009 and
released in 2010.
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Total DK/Ref. Very bad
Somewhat
bad
Somewhat
good
Very good
Q6. Now thinking about our economic situation, how would you describe the current
economic situation in our countryis it very good, somewhat good, somewhat bad
or very bad?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian
terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 1 26 28 38 7
100 2 21 37 37 3
100 1 44 32 20 3
100 0 24 29 41 5
100 3 17 25 38 18
100 1 21 35 38 5
100 4 13 23 50 10
100 3 10 22 52 13
100 0 49 27 18 6
100 2 31 13 27 28
100 0 16 23 45 16
100 0 15 35 36 13
100 1 10 16 32 40
100 5 34 28 28 5
100 0 5 13 53 28
100 2 29 25 37 7
100 1 36 38 21 4
100 0 16 42 38 3
100 7 11 15 31 36
100 0 57 37 6 0
100 1 29 43 21 6
100 2 7 34 44 13
100 3 31 36 25 6
100 6 50 19 18 6
100 1 20 27 38 14
100 1 9 24 47 20
100 4 9 41 39 7
100 3 1 13 57 26
100 0 13 45 38 4
100 1 1 6 61 31
100 3 17 25 43 12
100 1 3 17 59 20
100 1 14 43 39 3
100 3 1 16 71 9
100 6 3 14 61 15
100 8 10 38 43 2
100 1 30 40 26 4
100 1 49 39 10 2
100 0 26 33 36 4
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Total DK/Ref. Very bad
Somewhat
bad
Somewhat
good
Very good
Q7. And what about your personal economic situation, how would you describe itis
it very good, somewhat good, somewhat bad or very bad?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 1 24 32 37 6
100 0 26 41 31 2
100 0 27 29 41 3
100 1 11 28 53 6
100 4 10 24 43 20
100 0 21 31 42 6
100 1 15 26 52 7
100 1 7 24 56 12
100 0 37 28 32 3
100 1 22 15 35 27
100 0 12 30 45 13
100 1 15 30 42 12
100 3 10 16 34 37
100 2 26 27 42 4
100 0 7 18 60 15
100 0 17 26 51 7
100 1 19 33 42 6
100 0 10 27 54 9
100 5 6 15 39 35
100 0 37 41 20 2
100 2 27 38 24 9
100 1 5 23 57 13
100 1 30 40 23 6
100 1 16 20 48 15
100 0 8 22 55 14
100 1 10 21 51 17
100 0 2 26 63 9
100 2 1 12 67 18
100 0 4 31 59 5
100 0 2 7 68 23
100 2 15 26 46 12
100 1 2 16 62 19
100 2 3 20 71 5
100 2 1 20 69 8
100 2 10 33 53 2
100 5 4 26 59 6
100 2 18 29 47 4
100 1 19 35 39 6
100 0 7 25 61 6
165
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Total DK/Ref.
Not a
problem at
all
Small
problem
Moderately
big problem
Very big
problem
Q8a. Here is a list of things that may be problems in our country. As I read each
one, please tell me if you think it is a very big problem, a moderately big problem, a
small problem, or not a problem at all. Crime.
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan**
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 0 4 13 15 68
100 1 6 8 19 66
100 0 5 5 5 85
100 1 2 5 13 79
100 2 3 2 10 84
100 0 1 10 18 71
100 1 3 5 8 84
100 1 0 2 6 90
100 0 1 7 18 73
100 1 1 7 10 81
100 0 4 7 21 68
100 0 8 31 32 29
100 4 3 11 16 66
100 2 1 3 12 82
100 0 0 3 18 79
100 0 0 4 10 85
100 0 3 5 14 77
100 0 2 8 15 75
100 0 3 11 29 57
100 1 14 28 29 29
100 2 1 10 24 64
100 2 5 17 32 43
100 2 2 1 5 89
100 0 0 1 15 83
100 1 2 10 25 62
100 3 4 9 29 56
100 0 1 4 18 76
100 0 1 8 37 54
100 5 52 21 9 14
100 2 2 8 18 70
100 1 8 15 36 39
100 1 1 7 31 60
100 1 2 27 46 25
100 2 2 7 39 50
100 2 1 8 38 51
100 1 1 5 12 82
100 0 0 3 13 83
100 1 1 5 28 65
** Question modified as follows: Here is a list of things that may be problems in our city/village...
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Total DK/Ref.
Not a
problem at
all
Small
problem
Moderately
big problem
Very big
problem
Q8b. Here is a list of things that may be problems in our country. Please tell me if
you think it is a very big problem, a moderately big problem, a small problem, or not
a problem at all. Conflict between religious groups.
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan**
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 0 16 29 31 24
100 1 23 22 27 27
100 1 46 18 11 23
100 0 4 14 22 60
100 0 4 7 25 64
100 2 15 25 29 28
100 3 20 14 18 46
100 2 10 19 25 44
100 1 21 29 18 31
100 2 24 18 20 35
100 2 25 25 17 32
100 0 22 33 29 16
100 5 8 11 25 52
100 2 19 20 24 35
100 0 2 17 44 38
100 1 16 28 23 31
100 3 6 10 18 65
100 2 12 9 23 54
100 0 0 4 28 68
100 1 40 30 16 13
100 2 7 15 30 46
100 4 7 23 39 28
100 11 4 5 23 57
100 2 7 17 45 29
100 1 10 21 33 35
100 5 22 23 25 27
100 3 11 25 35 26
100 1 5 22 36 36
100 4 77 9 7 3
100 5 14 16 31 34
100 6 22 32 29 11
100 3 9 19 35 33
100 3 30 32 24 12
100 14 48 29 8 1
100 5 13 27 34 20
100 9 29 19 22 20
100 2 10 27 27 35
100 7 33 26 21 12
** Question modified as follows: Here is a list of things that may be problems in our city/village. As I read each one, please tell me if you think it
is a very big problem, a moderately big problem, a small problem, or not a problem at all. Tense relations between religious groups.
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Total DK/Ref.
Not a
problem at
all
Small
problem
Moderately
big problem
Very big
problem
Q8c. Here is a list of things that may be problems in our country. Please tell me if
a problem at all. Corrupt political leaders.
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan**
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 2 3 7 19 70
100 2 7 6 13 72
100 4 3 9 13 72
100 0 1 4 16 79
100 1 5 10 16 68
100 1 3 8 17 72
100 3 3 6 16 72
100 3 1 3 13 81
100 0 2 2 11 84
100 2 5 7 20 66
100 1 1 3 22 73
100 4 8 19 34 35
100 5 4 10 20 61
100 1 5 7 17 69
100 0 1 10 36 52
100 3 6 7 19 66
100 2 3 4 14 76
100 3 4 4 20 69
100 0 0 0 23 77
100 2 12 34 31 21
100 2 2 12 21 63
100 6 12 21 27 35
100 13 1 3 9 74
100 1 1 8 35 55
100 1 3 16 32 47
100 7 4 7 24 58
100 5 3 14 31 47
100 0 0 1 17 82
100 14 52 10 11 14
100 5 9 14 30 41
100 3 3 11 27 57
100 2 1 4 21 72
100 4 7 15 42 32
100 19 13 13 27 29
100 7 3 11 31 47
100 2 1 2 7 88
100 1 1 5 16 78
100 2 2 5 20 70
is a very big problem, a moderately big problem, a small problem, or not a problem at all. Corruption.
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Total DK/Ref.
Not a
problem at
all
Small
problem
Moderately
big problem
Very big
problem
Q8d. Here is a list of things that may be problems in our country. Please tell me if
a problem at all. Conflict between ethnic/tribal/nationality groups.
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan**
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 1 15 27 23 35
100 3 28 27 20 21
100 2 52 19 10 18
100 1 6 20 25 48
100 0 4 9 11 75
100 1 12 25 31 30
100 3 21 14 16 47
100 3 10 16 22 49
100 0 5 17 19 59
100 2 22 18 21 37
100 1 14 17 16 51
100 0 20 38 24 18
100 5 5 11 22 56
100 1 9 17 20 53
100 0 2 24 39 35
100 2 15 24 31 27
100 3 7 9 20 61
100 4 18 14 25 39
100 0 6 15 20 59
100 4 26 26 22 22
100 6 10 22 23 39
100 7 18 14 40 21
100 17 4 4 20 54
100 8 15 22 37 18
100 1 9 18 35 37
100 9 26 24 23 18
100 3 12 27 33 25
100 2 5 26 39 28
100 4 76 10 8 2
100 5 9 12 30 43
100 7 39 29 16 9
100 4 7 17 31 42
100 3 49 27 14 7
100 14 62 12 10 1
100 6 12 29 33 20
100 9 16 17 24 34
100 2 9 26 26 37
100 5 28 29 22 17
is a very big problem, a moderately big problem, a small problem, or not a problem at all. Tense relations between ethnic/tribal/nationality
groups.
169
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Total DK/Ref.
Not a
problem at
all
Small
problem
Moderately
big problem
Very big
problem
Q8e. Here is a list of things that may be problems in our country. Please tell me if
a problem at all. Unemployment.
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan**
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 2 1 3 12 82
100 1 2 1 12 84
100 0 0 0 4 96
100 0 1 1 10 87
100 0 1 1 7 91
100 1 1 4 16 78
100 1 1 1 7 90
100 1 0 5 9 85
100 0 0 1 5 95
100 0 1 1 10 88
100 0 1 2 10 88
100 1 1 6 26 66
100 3 2 5 19 70
100 1 4 4 12 79
100 0 1 5 17 78
100 0 2 2 8 88
100 0 0 1 5 93
100 1 0 1 7 90
100 0 0 0 11 89
100 3 1 3 27 66
100 1 1 8 15 74
100 2 4 10 28 56
100 3 1 0 6 90
100 0 0 0 11 89
100 0 1 5 17 77
100 2 4 6 23 66
100 1 1 8 38 52
100 0 0 2 21 76
100 2 9 20 31 38
100 1 3 5 15 76
100 0 1 3 26 69
100 0 0 2 11 87
100 1 3 14 36 46
100 0 0 1 20 78
100 3 2 12 31 52
100 1 0 0 2 97
100 0 0 0 6 93
100 0 1 4 14 81
** Question modified as follows: Here is a list of things that may be problems in our city/village...
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Total DK/Ref.
Not
religious/do
not practice
religion
(VOL.)
Not at all
free
Not too free
Somewhat
free
Very free
Q9. In our country, how free are you to practice your religion? Do you feel very free to practice
your religion, somewhat free, not too free, or not at all free?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia**
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan**
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 1 1 0 2 18 78
100 0 0 1 2 4 93
100 0 0 0 1 1 97
100 0 0 0 2 18 79
100 0 0 0 0 8 92
100 1 1 0 2 17 80
100 2 0 1 2 12 83
100 1 0 1 4 11 83
100 0 0 1 9 23 67
100 1 0 1 4 12 82
100 0 0 0 0 3 97
100 0 0 0 2 19 78
100 3 1 1 5 12 79
100 2 0 2 8 19 69
100 0 0 2 6 22 70
100 0 0 0 1 8 90
100 1 0 1 2 17 80
100 1 1 2 10 26 60
100 2 0 1 1 9 88
100 0 0 1 2 7 90
100 0 0 0 7 21 73
100 1 0 1 10 40 48
100 0 0 0 18 36 46
100 1 0 0 1 10 88
100 0 0 0 3 26 70
100 0 0 0 4 23 72
100 0 0 0 2 14 84
100 1 0 0 7 20 72
100 0 0 0 4 21 75
100 3 0 2 8 48 39
100 0 1 3 4 14 78
100 1 0 1 6 32 60
100 1 0 0 2 29 68
100 1 0 0 2 28 68
100 1 0 0 2 26 71
100 2 0 1 8 36 52
100 3 2 1 2 9 84
100 0 0 1 2 22 74
100 0 1 1 5 14 79
** Question modified as follows: In our country, how free are you to practice your religion or anti-religious beliefs?
171
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Depends
(VOL.)
Not at all
free
Not too free
Somewhat
free
Very free
Q10. And in our country, how free are people from religions different than yours to practice their
religion? Are they very free to practice their religion, somewhat free, not too free, or not at all free
to practice their religion?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia**
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan**
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 1 1 0 2 10 86
100 3 1 1 1 5 89
100 3 0 0 1 2 93
100 2 0 1 2 18 76
100 3 1 1 1 12 82
100 1 1 0 2 9 88
100 7 1 1 4 9 78
100 5 0 1 3 11 80
100 3 0 2 6 19 70
100 1 1 2 2 12 83
100 0 0 0 0 3 97
100 1 0 0 3 16 79
100 6 2 3 8 15 65
100 4 3 0 8 14 70
100 0 1 1 7 23 68
100 2 1 0 2 7 88
100 1 0 0 2 15 81
100 8 0 2 8 26 56
100 4 1 1 3 13 78
100 0 0 1 1 9 89
100 6 9 0 8 26 51
100 6 1 2 11 44 37
100 9 10 1 17 32 31
100 5 0 1 4 15 75
100 0 0 0 6 32 62
100 3 0 0 1 17 79
100 2 2 0 3 32 60
100 0 1 1 6 27 64
100 22 2 2 7 40 26
100 7 1 6 8 21 58
100 9 3 4 7 30 47
100 3 2 1 4 42 48
100 2 1 0 3 38 57
100 4 1 0 2 29 64
100 3 1 1 8 37 51
100 2 1 0 4 7 85
100 1 0 2 3 23 71
100 1 0 1 4 17 76
** Question asked as follows: And in our country, how free are people of other religious views to practice their religion or express their religious or anti-religious
views?
172
www.pewforum.org
Total
Not asked
due to
response to
Q10.
Not too/Not
at all Free -
DK/Ref.
Not too/Not
at all Free -
Bad thing
Not too/Not
at all Free -
Good thing
Somewhat
Free -
DK/Ref.
Somewhat
Free - Bad
thing
Somewhat
Free - Good
thing
Very Free -
DK/Ref.
Very Free -
Bad thing
Very Free -
Good thing
ASK IF VERY, SOMEWHAT, NOT TOO OR NOT AT ALL FREE (Q10 = 1,2,3,4) Q11. And is this a good thing or a bad thing?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 2 1 1 0 0 1 9 1 5 81
100 4 0 2 0 0 2 3 0 1 88
100 3 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 1 90
100 2 0 2 1 1 5 13 1 1 74
100 4 0 0 1 0 5 7 2 17 63
100 1 0 1 0 0 1 8 0 4 84
100 8 1 3 1 2 2 5 3 5 71
100 5 0 2 1 0 3 8 1 3 75
100 3 1 6 1 1 5 14 1 6 63
100 1 0 2 1 0 5 7 0 4 79
100 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 95
100 2 0 2 1 0 2 13 1 4 74
100 9 2 6 3 2 5 8 2 8 55
100 7 2 4 2 0 4 10 2 4 64
100 1 0 5 3 0 7 17 0 3 64
100 3 0 2 0 0 4 3 2 8 78
100 2 0 1 1 1 4 10 1 10 70
100 8 1 7 2 3 5 19 1 7 47
100 6 1 1 1 3 2 8 7 9 62
100 0 0 1 0 0 2 7 2 13 74
100 15 3 2 3 2 3 21 0 4 46
100 7 1 10 1 3 7 34 1 3 34
100 19 2 4 12 3 5 23 2 6 24
100 5 0 3 3 1 3 11 0 3 72
100 0 0 2 3 0 4 27 0 1 60
100 3 0 1 0 0 1 15 0 2 76
100 4 1 1 2 6 6 20 3 7 50
100 2 0 3 4 2 5 21 1 4 59
100 25 3 4 2 3 1 37 1 1 24
100 7 0 11 2 1 6 14 3 3 52
100 12 1 4 7 3 3 24 2 2 43
100 5 0 2 2 3 6 34 1 4 44
100 2 1 1 2 4 5 29 2 3 52
100 5 1 1 0 6 1 23 2 1 61
100 4 1 6 1 1 1 34 2 1 48
100 4 1 2 1 2 3 2 3 2 81
100 2 0 4 0 1 3 19 3 2 66
100 1 1 3 2 1 1 15 1 1 75
173
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Total DK/Ref.
Completely
disagree
Mostly
disagree
Mostly agree
Completely
agree
Q12. Please tell me whether you completely agree, mostly agree, mostly disagree,
or completely disagree with the following statement: People like me dont have any
say about what the government does.
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 2 15 24 27 32
100 1 23 12 22 42
100 1 34 11 18 37
100 1 9 10 27 54
100 14 11 14 22 40
100 2 14 23 30 31
100 4 17 14 26 39
100 3 37 18 16 26
100 1 22 11 24 42
100 6 9 21 31 34
100 1 17 29 29 23
100 0 26 30 25 19
100 3 11 13 29 43
100 4 26 15 19 36
100 0 5 9 26 59
100 2 11 11 20 56
100 6 16 18 32 29
100 4 7 31 27 30
100 13 8 8 16 56
100 0 15 20 24 41
100 2 11 25 21 42
100 4 7 20 36 33
100 3 14 33 30 19
100 10 20 5 13 53
100 1 19 25 31 24
100 3 7 18 39 33
100 8 19 19 25 30
100 8 11 20 39 22
100 3 17 28 28 23
100 6 23 21 27 24
100 4 18 23 35 20
100 6 7 20 44 24
100 3 8 19 39 31
100 21 9 19 34 16
100 4 6 15 30 45
100 12 16 25 26 21
100 1 5 8 29 56
100 5 19 36 27 12
174
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
About the
same
Worse Better
Q13. Generally, how would you rate Islamic political parties compared
to other political parties? Are they better, worse or about the same as
other parties?
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Indonesia
Malaysia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
100 4 28 12 55
100 5 44 29 21
100 21 32 9 39
100 4 51 16 30
100 13 27 14 46
100 8 37 21 34
100 2 36 7 55
100 22 39 10 29
100 4 39 16 41
100 5 22 19 54
100 12 42 3 43
100 3 57 9 31
100 12 32 26 30
100 12 40 20 28
100 12 38 14 35
100 28 49 14 9
100 35 26 27 11
100 31 39 14 16
100 5 66 17 12
175
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref. Strong leader
Democratic
form of
government
Q14. Some feel that we should rely on a democratic
form of government to solve our country's problems.
Others feel that we should rely on a leader with a
strong hand to solve our country's problems. Which
comes closer to your own opinion?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 3 22 74
100 3 40 57
100 4 17 79
100 1 33 66
100 18 25 57
100 3 24 73
100 7 22 71
100 6 24 69
100 2 19 79
100 2 37 61
100 1 12 87
100 2 26 72
100 6 15 79
100 10 35 55
100 1 21 77
100 9 20 71
100 2 22 75
100 4 40 55
100 0 19 81
100 10 41 49
100 4 42 54
100 9 36 55
100 15 56 29
100 2 27 70
100 4 51 45
100 5 32 64
100 3 30 67
100 2 37 61
100 6 27 67
100 4 20 76
100 4 64 32
100 5 44 52
100 8 42 51
100 13 52 35
100 11 13 76
100 2 51 47
100 6 25 69
released in 2010.
176
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
No influence
at all
Not too much
influence
Some
influence
Large
influence
Q15. In your opinion, how much influence should religious leaders have in political
matters? A large influence, some influence, not too much influence or no influence
at all?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Indonesia
Malaysia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Palestinian
terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
100 3 21 18 31 27
100 6 6 15 43 29
100 1 30 32 19 18
100 1 6 12 43 37
100 6 18 20 33 24
100 0 2 22 47 28
100 19 14 12 27 27
100 3 9 20 44 25
100 2 5 11 29 53
100 4 2 12 41 41
100 3 4 18 45 30
100 5 39 20 25 11
100 5 35 33 20 8
100 4 23 28 36 10
100 7 37 32 21 3
100 9 45 31 12 2
100 5 12 25 39 19
100 10 40 24 19 8
100 2 56 25 12 5
100 3 52 28 12 5
177
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Number 2 -
It is
necessary to
believe in
God in order
to be moral
and have
good values
Number 1 -
It is not
necessary to
believe in
God in order
to be moral
and have
good values
Q16. Which one of these comes closest to your opinion,
number 1 or number 2?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian
terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 1 69 30
100 0 87 13
100 1 72 27
100 2 68 29
100 0 88 12
100 1 70 29
100 3 65 31
100 3 53 44
100 0 75 25
100 5 65 31
100 7 53 40
100 0 73 27
100 5 75 21
100 6 63 31
100 0 69 31
100 0 74 26
100 1 82 18
100 1 86 13
100 2 95 3
100 1 64 35
100 2 95 3
100 1 91 8
100 2 94 4
100 4 85 11
100 1 89 9
100 1 94 5
100 2 94 4
100 0 95 4
100 5 68 27
100 3 70 28
100 3 74 23
100 5 63 32
100 4 41 56
100 1 88 11
100 6 56 38
100 4 76 20
100 1 65 33
100 6 45 49
released in 2010.
178
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
I dislike
western
music,
movies and
television
I like
western
music,
movies and
television
Q17. Which is closer to describing your view - I like
western music, movies and television, OR I dislike
western music, movies and television.
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Morocco
Palestinian
terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 4 49 47
100 3 63 33
100 2 43 56
100 4 45 51
100 8 55 37
100 3 47 49
100 7 31 62
100 10 35 55
100 1 49 50
100 9 20 71
100 2 44 53
100 6 65 29
100 7 45 48
100 17 40 42
100 0 46 53
100 4 41 54
100 3 59 38
100 2 61 37
100 4 44 52
100 1 63 36
100 2 58 40
100 3 63 33
100 4 76 20
100 4 66 30
100 4 71 25
100 3 75 22
100 7 42 50
100 3 55 41
100 2 60 38
100 10 42 49
100 1 43 57
100 3 52 45
100 2 42 56
100 5 39 55
100 7 41 52
100 4 27 69
100 2 36 62
100 5 18 77
released in 2010.
**Lebanon is not included due to an administrative error.
179
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
I dislike
Bollywood
movies and
music
I like
Bollywood
movies and
music
Q18. Which is closer to describing your view I like
Indian movies and music known as Bollywood OR I
dislike Bollywood movies and music.
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Uzbekistan
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
South Asia
100 4 69 27
100 4 52 45
100 5 63 32
100 1 40 59
100 1 33 66
100 3 47 50
100 4 44 52
100 3 31 65
100 9 44 46
Total DK/Ref.
Don't think
so
Generally a
conflict
between
science and
religion
Q19. In your opinion, do you think there is generally a
conflict between science and religion, or do you not
think so?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
100 8 50 42
100 7 78 14
100 28 54 18
100 2 46 53
100 2 83 15
100 10 75 15
100 6 78 16
100 41 33 27
100 10 45 45
100 15 57 29
100 16 52 32
100 16 54 30
100 11 63 26
100 16 66 18
100 16 44 40
100 13 56 32
100 7 54 38
100 9 68 23
100 15 66 19
100 16 50 34
100 23 49 27
100 8 50 42
100 11 32 57
180
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Humans and
other living
things have
existed in
their present
form since
the
beginning of
time
Humans and
other living
things have
evolved over
time
Q20. Thinking about evolution, which comes closer to
your view?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
100 19 36 45
100 5 28 67
100 7 29 63
100 1 21 78
100 1 47 52
100 7 67 27
100 32 38 30
100 9 37 54
100 12 62 26
100 6 39 55
100 18 45 37
100 6 55 39
100 12 30 58
100 16 49 35
100 8 55 37
100 15 31 53
100 5 16 79
100 16 30 54
100 12 30 58
100 26 40 34
100 5 45 50
100 14 24 62
* Egypt is not included due to an administrative error.
181
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref. Nothing at all
Not very
much
Some A great deal
Q22a. How much would you say you know about the Muslim religion and its
practicesa great deal, some, not very much or nothing at all?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 1 1 10 25 63
100 0 2 8 53 38
100 0 0 4 19 77
100 0 1 4 8 86
100 0 0 8 38 53
100 0 11 20 25 44
100 1 0 3 15 81
100 1 3 8 20 68
100 0 0 5 17 79
100 2 2 4 16 76
100 1 2 3 17 77
100 0 0 1 9 89
100 0 0 4 18 77
100 2 2 12 20 63
100 0 0 1 24 75
100 0 2 3 47 47
100 0 1 8 51 40
100 0 0 5 44 50
100 0 0 6 24 69
100 0 0 2 22 76
100 0 2 4 31 63
100 1 1 6 42 51
100 0 0 11 33 56
100 4 1 8 46 41
100 0 0 7 53 39
100 0 0 2 68 30
100 1 0 4 19 76
100 0 1 13 37 49
100 1 5 25 50 19
100 0 1 4 48 47
100 0 1 12 48 39
100 0 3 23 44 30
100 1 3 33 50 12
100 1 1 25 47 25
100 1 1 23 46 29
100 1 2 25 53 19
100 1 0 2 31 65
100 0 6 35 48 11
182
www.pewforum.org
Not very
much
Some A great deal
Q22b. How much would you say you know about the Christian religion and its
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 2 17 37 34 10
100 4 24 35 29 8
100 2 37 39 14 7
100 3 21 42 26 8
100 6 53 24 15 2
100 1 11 27 30 31
100 5 32 32 20 10
100 6 25 28 26 15
100 0 21 33 34 11
100 13 18 15 31 24
100 2 17 35 32 14
100 0 17 38 40 4
100 8 36 27 18 12
100 6 23 27 22 22
100 0 25 33 36 6
100 1 40 30 26 4
100 0 73 17 9 1
100 7 37 40 14 2
100 12 65 13 9 0
100 0 6 56 32 6
100 2 38 35 20 5
100 13 46 29 9 2
100 1 42 35 16 6
100 23 53 17 5 1
100 8 41 42 9 1
100 6 47 32 15 0
100 11 44 29 13 2
100 9 51 28 10 2
100 13 63 14 9 1
100 2 52 25 18 3
100 8 41 38 7 6
100 6 55 26 11 1
100 3 39 43 13 2
100 9 38 44 7 2
100 6 21 59 14 1
100 4 47 37 10 1
100 2 10 38 41 10
100 2 33 48 15 2
Not very
much
Some A great deal
Q22c. How much would you say you know about the Buddhist religion and its
Thailand^ Southeast Asia 100 4 25 39 32 1
Total DK/Ref.
Are very
different
Have a lot in
common
Q23. From what you know, do you think that the Muslim
religion and the Buddhist religion have a lot in common,
or do you think that the Muslim religion and the
Buddhist religion are very different?
Thailand^ Southeast Asia 100 2 60 37
^ Interviews conducted with Muslims in five southern provinces only. See methodology for
details.
183
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Are very
different
Have a lot in
common
Q24. From what you know, do you think that the Muslim
religion and the Christian religion have a lot in common,
or do you think that the Muslim religion and the
Christian religion are very different?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 6 58 36
100 4 37 59
100 10 29 61
100 6 45 48
100 20 37 43
100 6 60 34
100 12 37 51
100 9 38 53
100 4 54 42
100 1 37 62
100 9 39 51
100 3 55 41
100 8 60 31
100 8 66 26
100 2 64 34
100 3 39 58
100 25 44 31
100 19 39 42
100 18 49 33
100 7 57 36
100 21 60 19
100 57 16 27
100 14 56 30
100 9 81 10
100 16 68 17
100 7 83 10
100 2 87 12
100 29 52 19
100 19 54 27
100 20 60 20
100 15 54 31
100 13 35 52
100 20 65 15
100 19 35 46
100 24 50 26
100 5 36 59
100 17 52 30
released in 2010.
184
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Western
music,
movies and
television
have NOT
hurt morality
in our
country
Western
music,
movies and
television
have hurt
morality in
our country
Q26. Which comes closer to describing your view?
Western music, movies and television have hurt
morality in our country, OR western music, movies and
television have NOT hurt morality in our country?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 3 17 80
100 5 15 80
100 1 24 75
100 5 31 64
100 7 26 67
100 3 20 77
100 6 27 67
100 16 18 66
100 1 22 77
100 14 38 47
100 3 25 72
100 8 28 64
100 7 30 64
100 9 27 64
100 0 31 69
100 7 20 73
100 5 32 63
100 4 15 81
100 8 21 72
100 3 28 69
100 6 19 75
100 12 26 62
100 5 7 88
100 6 18 75
100 5 29 66
100 8 20 72
100 11 23 65
100 9 36 55
100 5 14 81
100 10 40 50
100 7 42 51
100 6 25 69
100 2 47 50
100 6 42 52
100 9 33 58
100 7 49 44
100 5 49 46
100 7 54 40
released in 2010.
** Lebanon is not included due to an administrative error.
185
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Bollywood
movies and
music have
NOT hurt
morality in
our country
Bollywood
movies and
music have
hurt morality
in our
country
Q27. Which comes closer to describing your view?
Indian movies and music known as Bollywood have
hurt morality in our country, OR Bollywood movies and
music have NOT hurt morality in our country?
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Uzbekistan
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Central Asia
South Asia
100 5 7 88
100 6 27 67
100 5 34 61
100 8 46 46
100 6 66 28
100 7 60 33
100 5 82 13
100 5 75 19
Total DK/Ref.
Depends on
situation
(VOL.)
Not at all
comfortable
Not too
comfortable
Somewhat
comfortable
Very
comfortable
Q37. How comfortable would you be if a son of yours someday married a Christian? Would you be
very comfortable, somewhat comfortable, not too comfortable or not at all comfortable?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
100 4 8 38 19 22 8
100 3 3 63 17 11 3
100 21 0 39 13 11 15
100 2 6 43 18 19 11
100 1 9 50 28 11 1
100 2 6 57 21 9 4
100 0 13 35 35 12 5
100 2 4 81 4 6 3
100 2 16 50 18 7 7
100 3 15 50 15 14 3
100 1 2 71 20 2 4
100 6 12 53 12 11 5
100 3 7 52 13 13 12
100 5 16 41 16 17 6
100 4 11 42 20 16 8
100 4 5 27 28 27 9
100 8 11 60 13 6 2
100 4 10 18 16 33 19
100 4 6 46 20 11 13
100 9 9 39 27 12 4
100 3 5 3 11 24 53
Total DK/Ref.
Depends on
situation
(VOL.)
Not at all
comfortable
Not too
comfortable
Somewhat
comfortable
Very
comfortable
Q37THA. How comfortable would you be if a son of yours someday married a Buddhist? Would
you be very comfortable, somewhat comfortable, not too comfortable or not at all comfortable?
Thailand^ Southeast Asia 100 2 4 50 24 11 9
Total 9 DK/Ref.
Depends on
situation
(VOL.)
Not at all
comfortable
Not too
comfortable
Somewhat
comfortable
Very
comfortable
Q37Niger. How comfortable would you be if a daughter of yours someday married a Christian? Would you be
very comfortable, somewaht comfortable, not too comfortable or not at all comfortable?
Niger Sub-Saharan Africa 100 0 2 8 40 14 11 25
186
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Depends on
situation
(VOL.)
Not at all
comfortable
Not too
comfortable
Somewhat
comfortable
Very
comfortable
Q38. How comfortable would you be if a daughter of yours someday married a Christian? Would
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
100 4 7 63 13 9 4
100 3 3 81 8 3 2
100 18 0 58 10 7 7
100 2 5 60 12 14 7
100 1 0 94 4 0 0
100 3 1 78 14 3 1
100 0 4 93 3 0 0
100 2 4 89 2 2 1
100 3 15 56 16 5 5
100 3 14 61 10 10 2
100 2 1 78 17 2 0
100 6 8 67 8 7 4
100 3 6 58 13 11 9
100 6 11 59 18 4 2
100 4 10 48 19 13 6
100 3 5 31 28 24 8
100 3 7 81 6 2 1
100 4 8 38 12 25 14
100 2 5 51 20 10 12
100 10 8 44 24 11 3
100 3 6 5 11 24 51
Total DK/Ref.
Depends on
situation
(VOL.)
Not at all
comfortable
Not too
comfortable
Somewhat
comfortable
Very
comfortable
Q38THA. How comfortable would you be if a daughter of yours someday married a Buddhist?
Would you be very comfortable, somewhat comfortable, not too comfortable or not at all
comfortable?
Thailand^ Southeast Asia 100 1 5 58 20 9 6
Total 9 DK/Ref.
Depends on
situation
(VOL.)
Not at all
comfortable
Not too
comfortable
Somewhat
comfortable
Very
comfortable
Q38Niger. How comfortable would you be if a daughter of yours someday married a Christian? Would you be
very comfortable, somewaht comfortable, not too comfortable or not at all comfortable?
Niger Sub-Saharan Africa 100 0 2 10 54 13 3 18
Total DK/Ref.
Depends on
situation
(VOL.)
Not at all
comfortable
Not too
comfortable
Somewhat
comfortable
Very
comfortable
Q38AF. How comfortable would you be if a child of yours someday married a Christian? Would
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 0 9 35 21 16 19
100 0 6 42 21 16 15
100 0 16 56 10 6 11
100 2 7 50 16 10 15
100 1 9 36 21 14 19
100 6 15 29 18 17 15
100 7 4 28 15 16 30
100 1 9 48 23 11 8
100 1 12 8 19 20 40
100 2 12 50 16 9 12
100 0 7 54 22 11 6
100 10 11 40 19 8 11
100 16 8 46 10 8 12
100 0 16 38 23 15 8
100 2 10 39 17 11 22
187
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
None of them
(VOL.)
Hardly any of
them
Some of
them
Most of them All of them
Q49. How many of your close friends are Muslims? Would you say all of them, most of them, some
of them, or hardly any of them?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
100 0 0 0 1 16 84
100 0 1 2 17 40 40
100 0 1 0 1 5 93
100 0 0 1 5 44 50
100 1 0 4 12 31 52
100 0 0 0 3 12 85
100 4 0 1 9 14 72
100 1 0 1 1 7 91
100 1 0 0 2 46 51
100 0 0 0 4 48 48
100 0 0 2 4 46 48
100 0 0 1 3 36 59
100 0 0 0 1 16 82
100 1 0 2 1 13 84
100 0 0 0 1 20 79
100 2 0 0 3 29 66
100 1 0 2 10 51 36
100 0 0 0 0 24 75
100 1 0 3 19 50 28
100 2 1 1 3 32 61
100 2 0 1 5 66 27
100 1 0 1 19 61 18
188
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Completely
disagree
Mostly
disagree
Mostly agree
Completely
agree
Q52. Please tell me if you completely agree, mostly agree, mostly disagree, or
completely disagree with this statement: Members of your religion have a duty to
try and convert others to your religious faith.
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 3 2 11 28 56
100 4 5 3 12 75
100 3 15 6 15 60
100 4 3 4 22 67
100 2 4 5 15 74
100 7 3 11 37 43
100 3 3 4 17 72
100 3 1 4 19 74
100 2 5 8 29 56
100 4 5 8 18 64
100 1 1 5 30 62
100 1 10 11 28 50
100 5 5 6 20 64
100 10 3 3 12 72
100 1 3 8 35 53
100 0 4 11 24 60
100 1 6 19 45 28
100 8 2 8 34 48
100 24 4 10 11 52
100 4 26 18 25 27
100 2 2 4 34 58
100 14 9 11 31 35
100 2 2 7 38 50
100 11 2 2 18 67
100 5 12 14 36 33
100 1 1 3 24 72
100 3 12 10 26 48
100 5 8 8 32 47
100 3 40 25 21 10
100 12 29 19 23 16
100 4 7 20 37 32
100 15 30 20 27 9
100 8 38 39 13 2
100 21 22 14 26 16
100 10 19 32 21 19
100 18 40 15 15 11
100 9 33 26 23 10
100 12 43 29 11 5
189
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Never
justified
Rarely
justified
Sometimes
justified
Often
justified
Q53. Some people think that if a man engages in premarital sex or adultery it is
justified for family members to end his life in order to protect the family honor. Do
you personally feel that this practice is:
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan*
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan*
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq*
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
100 5 62 11 6 15
100 9 46 13 13 20
100 17 64 7 5 6
100 3 55 15 16 12
100 4 81 10 3 2
100 8 33 21 17 21
100 2 41 45 8 4
100 10 48 8 11 23
100 5 38 22 23 12
100 2 24 14 25 34
100 4 50 16 17 13
100 12 59 10 12 7
100 1 82 11 4 2
100 10 46 15 23 5
100 7 68 8 11 5
100 7 49 22 15 7
100 8 55 20 11 7
100 4 84 9 3 1
100 5 86 5 2 2
100 11 67 11 6 5
100 6 60 18 12 4
100 2 79 12 4 3
100 5 68 11 10 6
* Question modified as follows: Some people think that if a man brings dishonor to his family it is justified for family members to end his life in
order to protect the family's honor...
Total DK/Ref.
Never
justified
Rarely
justified
Sometimes
justified
Often
justified
Q54. Some people think that if a woman engages in premarital sex or adultery it is
justified for family members to end her life in order to protect the family honor. Do
you personally feel that this practice is:
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan*
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan*
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq*
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
100 5 57 10 8 20
100 7 44 11 10 27
100 17 65 7 4 7
100 4 45 11 18 23
100 1 34 23 20 21
100 7 22 11 16 44
100 7 31 23 20 18
100 9 45 5 10 31
100 7 34 23 21 15
100 3 24 14 23 37
100 4 52 16 17 12
100 11 59 12 12 7
100 1 82 9 4 4
100 7 60 21 10 2
100 6 68 9 11 7
100 7 49 19 13 12
100 7 58 18 8 8
100 4 84 8 3 1
100 6 82 5 4 4
100 10 60 11 6 13
100 6 61 20 9 5
100 2 79 12 3 4
100 6 67 15 6 6
* Question modified as follows: Some people think that if a woman brings dishonor to her family it is justified for family members to end her life in
order to protect the family's honor...
190
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Neither/Both
/Depends
(VOL.)
Many
religions can
lead to
eternal life in
heaven
Islam is the
one true faith
leading to
eternal life in
heaven
Q55. Now Im going to read you two statements. Please tell me
whether the FIRST statement or the SECOND statement comes closer
to your own views even if neither is exactly right.
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 4 2 28 66
100 1 2 27 70
100 4 1 33 62
100 1 1 12 86
100 2 2 5 92
100 5 2 44 49
100 6 2 12 80
100 4 4 22 71
100 2 2 28 69
100 6 7 34 54
100 3 1 17 78
100 0 1 17 81
100 5 2 8 85
100 3 7 16 74
100 0 1 49 50
100 3 1 39 57
100 3 1 24 72
100 4 1 7 89
100 3 1 3 94
100 2 5 27 66
100 0 1 3 96
100 1 1 3 95
100 1 1 3 96
100 5 0 3 92
100 2 1 8 88
100 2 1 11 87
100 2 0 4 93
100 1 3 9 87
100 17 3 14 66
100 4 3 19 74
100 2 4 10 84
100 6 5 20 69
100 9 14 49 29
100 10 8 18 63
100 11 8 30 52
100 12 5 24 59
100 3 3 36 58
100 19 19 25 37
191
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Husband or
family should
decide
(VOL.)
Neither/Both
equally
(VOL.)
Women
should not
have the
right to
decide
whether to
wear a veil
Women
should have
the right to
decide if they
wear a veil
Q58. Please tell me whether the FIRST statement or the SECOND statement comes
closer to your own views even if neither is exactly right.
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
100 1 2 1 7 89
100 3 7 2 35 53
100 4 3 0 8 85
100 1 4 6 28 61
100 1 4 2 48 45
100 1 16 6 32 45
100 1 5 4 44 46
100 2 8 3 18 70
100 1 9 4 29 56
100 1 24 10 36 30
100 2 3 1 15 79
100 5 5 4 9 77
100 2 1 4 14 79
100 2 8 3 20 67
100 2 1 1 6 90
100 2 19 5 17 57
100 3 19 6 10 62
100 6 6 6 5 78
100 0 9 7 3 81
100 7 9 2 17 65
100 2 1 2 5 91
100 1 1 3 3 92
100 5 3 3 4 85
Total 9.00 DK/Ref.
Husband or
family should
decide
(VOL.)
Neither/Both
equally
(VOL.)
Women
should not
have the
right to
decide
whether to
wear a veil
Women
should have
the right to
decide if they
wear a veil
Q58Niger. Please tell me whether the FIRST statement or the SECOND statement comes closer to
your own views -- even if neither is exactly right.
Niger Sub-Saharan
Africa
100 0 1 7 3 56 34
192
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Neither/Both
equally
(VOL.)
Women
should not
have the
right to
decide
whether to
wear a veil
Women
should have
the right to
decide if they
wear a veil
Q58AF
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 1 2 58 40
100 0 1 52 47
100 3 4 35 58
100 2 5 64 30
100 1 2 58 40
100 7 4 47 42
100 7 3 47 43
100 0 1 58 41
100 12 7 42 38
100 13 2 53 33
100 0 3 63 34
100 10 4 38 48
100 10 3 58 29
100 0 3 57 39
100 1 3 64 33
released in 2010.
Total DK/Ref. Not at all Not too much A little A lot
Q59. How much, if at all, does the way you live your life reflect the Hadith and
Sunna, that is, the sayings and actions of the Propheta lot, a little, not too much,
or not at all?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
100 1 5 18 63 13
100 1 6 32 43 18
100 9 2 8 53 28
100 2 10 33 35 21
100 0 4 49 30 17
100 5 0 13 27 55
100 0 1 43 41 15
100 3 2 8 37 50
100 2 2 12 38 46
100 0 1 3 22 75
100 1 1 11 17 70
100 11 0 13 26 50
100 1 1 16 37 46
100 24 4 11 45 17
100 3 4 18 43 33
100 3 5 33 45 15
100 17 5 22 41 14
100 20 15 27 29 9
100 6 2 21 49 23
100 12 9 22 36 22
100 46 19 15 12 8
100 5 10 35 28 22
100 46 16 18 13 7
193
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref. Not at all Not too much A little A lot
Q60. How much, if at all, does the way most people live their lives in our country
reflect the Hadith and Sunna, that is, the sayings and actions of the Propheta lot, a
little, not too much, or not at all?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia*
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^*
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
100 2 9 30 54 5
100 2 9 49 32 8
100 18 8 20 41 14
100 5 23 47 21 3
100 0 16 55 21 8
100 6 3 32 29 30
100 1 12 52 28 7
100 4 8 18 40 31
100 1 4 21 44 30
100 1 1 7 30 61
100 4 0 10 23 62
100 14 0 16 30 40
100 4 2 20 34 41
100 35 3 16 35 12
100 4 10 27 42 17
100 4 9 36 40 10
100 20 7 27 37 9
100 22 14 31 28 4
100 11 7 21 41 21
100 14 8 22 38 19
100 48 20 13 11 7
100 8 18 38 29 7
100 49 16 21 10 4
* Question modified as follows: How much, if at all, does the way Muslims live their lives in our country reflect the Hadith and Sunna...
Total DK/Ref. Both (VOL.)
Sharia law is
developed by
men, based
on the word
of God
Sharia law is
the revealed
word of God
Q66. I am going to read you two statements, please tell me which
comes closer to your view, even if neither is exactly right:
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
100 3 6 25 66
100 5 4 16 75
100 14 8 13 66
100 1 11 38 49
100 0 1 18 81
100 2 4 25 69
100 3 3 20 75
100 8 2 8 81
100 2 7 25 65
100 1 4 21 73
100 26 2 20 52
100 18 7 35 41
100 3 4 39 54
100 23 6 19 52
100 19 4 28 49
100 1 6 33 60
100 5 6 20 69
100 15 11 31 44
100 6 4 36 53
100 12 8 25 56
100 35 3 33 30
100 6 4 39 52
100 50 8 18 24
194
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Neither
(VOL.)
One true
understandin
g
Should be
open to
multiple
interpretatio
ns
Q67. Which is closer to you view: sharia law should be open to
multiple interpretations or there is only one, true understanding of
sharia law?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Iraq
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
100 6 1 20 72
100 7 1 51 42
100 17 1 22 60
100 1 1 59 39
100 6 1 46 48
100 20 2 61 17
100 5 1 57 38
100 3 1 67 29
100 19 1 51 29
100 20 1 43 35
100 9 2 45 44
100 35 6 38 22
100 23 5 36 36
100 9 1 70 21
100 9 1 55 35
100 19 4 41 36
100 18 1 65 15
100 21 1 56 22
100 42 1 46 11
100 8 1 56 35
100 46 5 27 23
* Egypt and Jordan are not included due to an administrative error.
Total DK/Ref.
Not at all
closely
Not too
closely
Somewhat
closely
Very closely
Q68. How closely, if at all, do the laws in our country follow the sharia? Would you
say very closely, somewhat closely, not too closely or not at all closely?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
100 4 24 32 35 5
100 2 12 47 30 9
100 20 7 19 26 28
100 13 62 17 6 3
100 1 11 46 26 15
100 7 8 29 40 16
100 6 17 39 21 18
100 15 19 26 24 17
100 3 15 34 30 18
100 2 2 9 27 61
100 14 7 22 43 15
100 4 9 33 35 19
100 10 9 29 41 10
100 9 12 42 31 6
100 13 30 42 14 1
100 15 28 41 15 1
100 12 23 38 19 8
100 30 42 17 9 1
100 9 47 21 10 13
100 48 26 17 9 1
195
www.pewforum.org
Total
Not asked
due to
response to
Q68.
Not too/Not
at all closely
- Neither
(VOL.)
/DK/Ref.
Not too/Not
at all closely
- Bad thing
Not too/Not
at all closely
- Good thing
Somewhat
closely -
Neither
(VOL.)
/DK/Ref.
Somewhat
closely - Bad
thing
Somewhat
closely -
Good thing
Very closely -
Neither
(VOL.)
/DK/Ref.
Very closely -
Bad thing
Very closely -
Good thing
ASK IF ANSWER GIVEN (Q68=1,2,3,4) Q69. And is this a good thing or a bad thing?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
100 4 12 30 14 6 7 22 0 1 4
100 2 7 49 3 3 7 19 0 0 9
100 20 3 19 3 4 10 13 0 1 26
100 13 17 30 32 1 1 3 1 1 2
100 1 6 40 12 1 1 23 0 1 14
100 7 7 26 3 3 4 34 0 0 15
100 6 4 37 14 1 2 17 0 5 12
100 15 2 40 2 1 10 13 0 0 17
100 3 3 41 5 0 7 22 0 1 17
100 2 0 9 1 0 7 19 1 1 59
100 14 7 19 3 3 3 36 0 0 15
100 4 5 28 9 1 2 32 0 1 18
100 10 16 12 10 2 1 38 0 1 9
100 9 15 26 14 2 2 27 0 0 5
100 13 29 13 30 1 1 12 0 0 1
100 15 27 9 33 2 0 12 0 0 1
100 12 26 29 6 2 0 17 0 0 8
100 30 14 16 30 1 2 5 1 0 1
100 9 14 20 34 1 3 6 2 4 7
100 48 17 12 13 1 1 7 0 0 1
196
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref. No Yes
Q70. Do you ever participate in inter-faith religious
groups, classes, or meetings with Christians or not?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 0 44 55
100 0 57 43
100 1 77 22
100 2 81 17
100 5 69 26
100 0 43 57
100 2 78 21
100 1 44 55
100 0 68 32
100 3 57 40
100 2 56 42
100 0 69 30
100 2 68 29
100 23 55 23
100 0 70 30
100 0 77 22
100 0 95 5
100 1 91 8
100 0 94 6
100 2 95 3
100 1 94 5
100 4 92 4
100 5 91 4
100 2 87 10
100 3 92 5
100 3 89 9
100 2 79 19
100 13 83 4
100 0 92 7
100 7 83 11
100 5 84 11
100 2 94 4
100 3 89 8
100 7 87 6
100 16 65 18
100 4 90 6
released in 2010.
Q70THA. Do you ever participate in inter-faith religious
groups, classes, or meetings with Buddhists or not?
Thailand^ Southeast Asia 100 1 44 56
^ Interviews conducted with Muslims in five southern provinces only. See methodology for
details.
197
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
No, dont
think so
Yes, there is
conflict
Q75. Do you think there is a natural conflict between
being a devout religious person and living in a modern
society, or dont you think so?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 13 51 36
100 4 50 47
100 18 62 20
100 11 51 38
100 10 50 40
100 13 51 36
100 33 52 16
100 20 45 35
100 6 40 54
100 21 42 37
100 15 54 31
100 7 49 44
100 15 44 40
100 31 39 30
100 2 39 59
100 6 47 47
100 4 46 50
100 7 72 21
100 19 55 26
100 4 51 45
100 2 83 15
100 13 60 27
100 2 76 22
100 36 34 30
100 6 39 55
100 13 56 32
100 5 64 32
100 18 59 23
100 10 70 21
100 14 58 28
100 13 49 38
100 11 69 20
100 5 74 21
100 4 73 23
100 8 79 13
100 9 69 22
100 20 57 23
100 6 54 40
100 8 58 34
released in 2010.
198
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Neither/Both
equally
(VOL.)
Blasphemy
laws unfairly
target
minority
communities
Blasphemy
laws are
necessary to
protect Islam
in our
country
Q76. Which comes closer to your view about our countrys blasphemy
laws even if neither is exactly right?
Pakistan South
Asia
100 18 1 6 75
Total DK/Ref.
Neither/Dep
ends (VOL.)
A wife should
not have the
right to
divorce her
husband
A wife should
have the
right to
divorce her
husband
Q77. I will read you two statements. Please tell me which comes
closer to your view, even if neither is exactly right.
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian
terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
100 2 1 16 81
100 5 5 57 33
100 5 2 20 73
100 2 15 27 56
100 7 2 69 22
100 4 5 77 14
100 3 3 73 22
100 5 11 58 26
100 2 6 30 62
100 1 1 54 43
100 8 5 80 8
100 3 13 52 32
100 10 4 27 59
100 3 1 11 85
100 3 12 54 30
100 8 8 25 60
100 3 7 11 80
100 5 3 12 80
100 7 4 29 60
100 3 1 8 88
100 1 1 4 94
100 4 4 8 84
199
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Completely
disagree
Mostly
disagree
Mostly agree
Completely
agree
Q78. Please tell me if you completely agree, mostly agree, mostly disagree or
completely disagree: A wife must always obey her husband.
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian
terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
100 0 1 6 49 44
100 2 3 8 41 46
100 3 1 4 18 74
100 2 7 17 36 38
100 1 3 16 33 47
100 1 1 6 39 53
100 2 1 12 36 49
100 5 4 3 24 64
100 1 2 10 32 56
100 2 0 4 28 66
100 0 5 6 22 67
100 1 1 2 26 70
100 1 1 4 32 61
100 1 4 11 37 47
100 5 15 16 36 29
100 1 1 9 41 48
100 2 5 18 36 39
100 1 16 32 36 15
100 5 16 22 33 25
100 4 8 19 35 34
100 11 25 30 22 12
100 2 25 28 31 14
100 3 28 30 30 10
200
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref. Oppose Favor
Q79a. Do you favor or oppose making sharia law, or
Islamic law, the official law of the land in our country
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia**
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^***
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 3 30 66
100 4 59 37
100 2 42 55
100 2 27 71
100 6 8 86
100 4 31 65
100 6 31 63
100 8 41 52
100 3 33 64
100 4 49 47
100 2 40 58
100 1 33 65
100 4 14 82
100 10 17 74
100 1 52 47
100 1 46 53
100 3 41 56
100 3 8 89
100 9 8 83
100 5 66 29
100 6 23 71
100 4 5 91
100 6 20 74
100 11 4 84
100 5 13 82
100 0 1 99
100 12 11 77
100 10 4 86
100 8 21 72
100 10 77 12
100 21 53 27
100 13 52 35
100 11 79 10
100 12 81 8
100 21 37 42
100 28 51 20
100 5 80 15
100 29 59 12
released in 2010.
** Question modified as follows: Do you favor or oppose making the sharia, or Islamic law, the official law of
the land in the Muslim Republics of Russia?
*** Question modified as follows: Do you favor or oppose making the sharia, or Islamic law, the official law of
the land in the provinces where the Muslim population forms a majority?
201
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref. Oppose
Favor -
DK/Ref.
Favor -
Muslims only
Favor -Both
Muslims and
non-Muslims
ASK IF RESPONDENT SAYS FAVOR IN Q79a (Q79a = 1). Q81. Should both Muslims
and non-Muslims in our country be subject to sharia law, or should sharia law only
be applied to Muslims
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia**
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^***
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
100 3 41 4 30 22
100 3 8 7 43 39
100 9 8 9 49 24
100 5 66 0 14 14
100 6 23 1 29 41
100 4 5 3 54 34
100 6 20 1 18 55
100 11 4 1 54 29
100 5 13 1 50 32
100 0 1 1 37 61
100 12 11 1 57 19
100 10 4 3 48 36
100 8 21 2 34 36
100 10 77 1 6 5
100 21 53 1 18 8
100 13 52 1 13 21
100 11 79 0 8 2
100 12 81 0 6 2
100 21 37 3 29 9
100 28 51 2 12 6
100 5 80 2 9 4
100 29 59 1 8 3
** Question modified as follows: Should both Muslims and non-Muslims in the Muslim Republics of Russia be subject to the sharia, or should the
sharia only be applied to Muslims?
*** Question modified as follows: Should both Muslims and non-Muslims in the provinces where the Muslim population forms a majority be
subject to the sharia, or should the sharia only be applied to Muslims?
202
www.pewforum.org
Total
Neither/DK/
Ref
Both should
have equal
rights
Daughters Sons
Q83. In your opinion, who should have a greater right to parents
inheritance sons or daughters, or should both have equal rights?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
100 3 15 4 78
100 5 43 1 51
100 3 15 3 80
100 1 35 3 61
100 1 25 3 71
100 2 22 2 75
100 2 26 6 65
100 3 53 6 38
100 1 46 5 48
100 2 30 4 65
100 1 61 1 37
100 2 36 1 61
100 1 76 4 18
100 2 50 0 47
100 3 88 3 5
100 1 59 3 36
100 2 46 1 50
100 2 63 1 34
100 1 61 0 38
100 3 62 1 33
100 2 76 1 21
100 2 79 1 18
100 7 61 2 29
203
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Depends on
situation
(VOL.)
Not a moral
issue
Morally
wrong
Morally
acceptable
Q84a. Next, Im going to read some behaviors. For each, please tell me whether
you personally believe that it is morally acceptable, morally wrong, or is it not a
moral issue: Divorce
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 0 7 3 67 23
100 1 3 4 38 55
100 0 13 3 34 50
100 1 8 3 41 46
100 0 25 2 19 53
100 0 6 3 67 24
100 0 13 6 71 10
100 1 8 1 72 19
100 0 14 6 52 27
100 1 6 6 47 40
100 1 27 5 51 16
100 0 11 13 71 5
100 1 4 8 51 36
100 2 15 7 55 21
100 0 8 16 31 45
100 1 9 17 40 34
100 0 5 3 32 61
100 2 18 21 26 32
100 1 13 14 8 64
100 0 12 27 3 58
100 1 34 14 26 25
100 0 12 26 6 56
100 3 6 3 71 17
100 0 6 2 30 62
100 1 29 15 31 24
100 2 6 13 13 65
100 1 23 14 16 46
100 1 6 6 42 47
100 1 2 18 14 64
100 1 18 14 44 23
100 2 17 8 29 44
100 1 10 12 23 54
100 4 22 28 20 25
100 2 12 11 25 50
100 4 11 9 23 52
100 0 6 15 19 60
100 0 9 14 26 51
204
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Depends on
situation
(VOL.)
Not a moral
issue
Morally
wrong
Morally
acceptable
Q84b. Please tell me whether you personally believe that it is morally acceptable,
morally wrong, or is it not a moral issue: Polygamyhaving more than one wife
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 0 8 4 39 49
100 0 3 4 29 63
100 0 4 1 8 86
100 1 5 9 23 63
100 0 4 3 5 87
100 2 9 5 59 26
100 1 7 8 11 74
100 0 8 8 45 40
100 0 5 12 30 53
100 10 6 12 53 19
100 0 9 17 15 59
100 0 13 10 39 38
100 2 8 10 34 47
100 2 14 6 20 58
100 0 5 26 16 53
100 0 3 18 12 67
100 1 1 4 67 28
100 1 14 17 20 48
100 0 13 17 24 45
100 0 12 40 6 41
100 1 22 13 18 46
100 0 16 35 8 41
100 3 11 7 42 37
100 1 7 5 56 32
100 1 25 19 28 27
100 0 5 16 12 66
100 2 21 18 10 49
100 1 5 6 58 30
100 1 2 7 78 13
100 3 24 14 47 12
100 1 7 7 53 31
100 2 7 11 62 18
100 9 3 10 74 4
100 3 5 7 49 37
100 5 3 8 63 21
100 1 1 9 85 4
100 2 3 12 73 10
205
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Depends on
situation
(VOL.)
Not a moral
issue
Morally
wrong
Morally
acceptable
Q84c. Please tell me whether you personally believe that it is morally acceptable,
morally wrong, or is it not a moral issue: Married couples choosing to limit the
number of children they have
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Palestinian
terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
100 1 4 4 40 51
100 2 16 18 30 33
100 1 16 19 20 45
100 0 19 37 11 34
100 4 22 25 17 32
100 1 15 34 23 27
100 8 9 9 47 27
100 2 7 11 32 47
100 1 14 18 22 45
100 5 4 17 50 24
100 1 16 26 14 43
100 0 5 7 26 61
100 2 3 27 31 37
100 5 10 12 15 58
100 2 12 15 25 46
100 4 7 15 25 49
100 18 10 25 10 37
100 6 11 13 34 37
100 10 9 19 34 28
100 1 4 28 18 49
100 2 12 32 25 29
206
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Depends on
situation
(VOL.)
Not a moral
issue
Morally
wrong
Morally
acceptable
Q84d. Please tell me whether you personally believe that it is morally acceptable,
morally wrong, or is it not a moral issue: Drinking alcohol
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 1 2 7 78 12
100 1 3 10 84 2
100 0 3 8 85 4
100 1 1 5 89 4
100 1 1 4 91 2
100 1 5 10 64 20
100 1 5 11 77 6
100 0 3 2 85 10
100 0 2 9 86 3
100 1 5 16 72 6
100 0 2 4 93 1
100 0 1 11 87 1
100 2 3 12 79 5
100 3 13 14 53 17
100 0 4 20 53 23
100 0 3 8 80 9
100 0 1 5 82 12
100 2 1 5 92 1
100 0 2 7 85 5
100 0 1 12 82 5
100 2 1 10 86 1
100 0 7 10 79 3
100 4 1 2 91 2
100 2 2 12 82 1
100 1 2 23 72 1
100 0 0 0 98 1
100 0 1 5 93 2
100 0 1 5 91 2
100 1 5 17 66 11
100 2 6 18 72 2
100 2 8 16 65 9
100 1 11 14 59 15
100 5 2 20 71 2
100 2 9 11 68 10
100 5 3 17 64 12
100 0 2 21 60 16
100 1 6 34 51 8
207
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Depends on
situation
(VOL.)
Not a moral
issue
Morally
wrong
Morally
acceptable
Q84e. Please tell me whether you personally believe that it is morally acceptable,
morally wrong, or is it not a moral issue: Euthanasiaending the life of the incurably
sick
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 3 3 6 74 14
100 0 1 5 92 2
100 0 4 5 88 2
100 3 5 11 80 2
100 7 3 5 83 1
100 2 4 8 74 13
100 4 7 6 80 3
100 4 6 4 80 6
100 0 4 3 91 1
100 5 9 9 65 12
100 3 8 15 73 2
100 1 2 7 88 2
100 4 5 11 72 8
100 4 10 11 61 14
100 0 2 3 87 8
100 2 1 1 93 3
100 1 1 7 85 6
100 4 5 7 81 4
100 1 4 4 90 2
100 0 6 46 45 3
100 6 8 16 68 2
100 1 11 38 47 3
100 11 3 3 80 3
100 9 6 22 58 5
100 3 4 21 68 4
100 1 0 1 92 5
100 4 9 7 76 4
100 1 2 5 88 4
100 8 8 15 60 9
100 15 7 10 67 1
100 10 10 12 62 6
100 6 14 8 67 6
100 17 8 41 34 1
100 5 10 5 71 8
100 11 6 21 57 6
100 2 7 12 72 7
100 6 10 26 54 5
208
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Depends on
situation
(VOL.)
Not a moral
issue
Morally
wrong
Morally
acceptable
Q84f. Please tell me whether you personally believe that it is morally acceptable,
morally wrong, or is it not a moral issue: Suicide
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 0 2 7 80 10
100 0 0 7 91 1
100 0 1 5 94 0
100 1 2 5 91 1
100 1 1 4 93 1
100 1 4 7 78 10
100 1 6 6 88 0
100 0 4 3 86 6
100 0 1 1 97 0
100 5 6 12 65 13
100 0 2 8 89 1
100 0 3 7 89 1
100 2 2 11 80 5
100 4 11 7 66 11
100 0 1 2 93 4
100 0 0 0 98 1
100 0 0 6 92 1
100 2 1 8 90 0
100 0 0 13 86 1
100 0 3 40 56 2
100 2 2 17 78 1
100 0 4 33 62 0
100 4 1 2 92 1
100 2 4 12 80 1
100 2 8 20 69 1
100 0 0 0 100 0
100 0 0 6 92 2
100 0 1 3 95 2
100 2 2 13 80 4
100 1 5 9 85 0
100 5 3 12 76 4
100 2 1 5 90 2
100 3 4 34 59 0
100 1 1 5 91 2
100 4 5 16 72 2
100 0 1 6 92 1
100 1 3 19 74 2
209
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Depends on
situation
(VOL.)
Not a moral
issue
Morally
wrong
Morally
acceptable
Q84g. Please tell me whether you personally believe that it is morally acceptable,
morally wrong, or is it not a moral issue: Having an abortion
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 1 4 5 75 15
100 1 1 5 94 0
100 0 6 5 87 1
100 1 4 2 91 3
100 1 7 5 87 1
100 1 5 5 75 13
100 0 2 4 92 1
100 2 1 3 88 6
100 0 7 0 92 0
100 2 6 11 76 5
100 0 7 1 91 1
100 0 4 5 91 0
100 3 5 11 72 9
100 4 6 3 78 10
100 0 5 4 86 5
100 0 2 1 95 2
100 1 3 6 83 6
100 2 14 6 77 0
100 0 15 5 78 2
100 0 7 34 57 2
100 3 17 21 57 2
100 0 10 22 66 1
100 8 6 4 82 0
100 4 4 10 64 18
100 5 18 19 55 4
100 0 0 0 99 0
100 1 6 5 85 3
100 0 1 4 93 2
100 1 7 11 74 7
100 3 34 11 50 1
100 4 12 9 69 6
100 3 16 10 61 9
100 7 50 16 23 3
100 1 10 5 77 7
100 4 8 8 75 4
100 1 7 12 66 14
100 2 14 13 65 7
210
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Depends on
situation
(VOL.)
Not a moral
issue
Morally
wrong
Morally
acceptable
Q84h. Please tell me whether you personally believe that it is morally acceptable,
morally wrong, or is it not a moral issue: Prostitution
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 0 2 5 85 8
100 0 1 6 92 1
100 0 2 7 91 1
100 1 1 3 94 1
100 0 4 5 89 1
100 1 2 6 84 7
100 0 2 7 90 0
100 0 2 1 91 6
100 0 2 1 97 0
100 1 6 10 73 9
100 0 0 1 98 0
100 0 1 6 92 1
100 3 2 10 80 5
100 3 3 4 81 9
100 0 4 12 75 10
100 0 1 3 93 3
100 0 0 7 92 1
100 1 0 4 94 0
100 0 0 1 98 1
100 0 2 0 96 2
100 6 0 7 87 0
100 0 3 0 96 0
100 9 1 2 88 0
100 4 2 12 80 1
100 0 0 0 99 0
100 0 0 5 94 2
100 1 0 4 93 1
100 1 2 5 89 3
100 1 3 7 88 0
100 6 4 9 79 2
100 1 1 4 93 1
100 1 1 3 96 0
100 1 2 4 91 2
100 4 2 5 89 2
100 1 0 7 91 1
100 2 5 4 85 4
211
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Depends on
situation
(VOL.)
Not a moral
issue
Morally
wrong
Morally
acceptable
Q84i. Please tell me whether you personally believe that it is morally acceptable,
morally wrong, or is it not a moral issue: Sex between people who are not married
to each other
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Palestinian
terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 0 6 9 66 18
100 1 1 7 87 3
100 0 2 9 85 4
100 1 2 4 87 7
100 1 1 5 91 1
100 1 7 7 70 15
100 1 3 9 78 9
100 0 5 2 81 12
100 0 4 4 89 3
100 1 9 9 63 19
100 0 3 2 93 3
100 0 4 16 77 2
100 3 3 12 75 8
100 1 10 6 72 12
100 0 5 15 63 18
100 0 3 17 74 7
100 0 0 6 89 5
100 2 0 5 93 0
100 0 1 1 96 2
100 0 1 2 96 1
100 7 0 9 83 0
100 0 1 4 95 1
100 5 1 1 93 0
100 4 1 13 81 1
100 0 0 0 99 1
100 0 0 4 94 2
100 0 0 4 94 1
100 2 2 5 88 3
100 5 3 7 85 0
100 5 6 8 78 3
100 2 6 8 75 9
100 1 2 8 89 0
100 2 7 6 75 10
100 9 4 6 76 5
100 2 3 16 53 26
100 3 5 9 58 25
212
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Depends on
situation
(VOL.)
Not a moral
issue
Morally
wrong
Morally
acceptable
Q84j. Please tell me whether you personally believe that it is morally acceptable,
morally wrong, or is it not a moral issue: Homosexual behavior
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 1 3 6 77 12
100 1 1 6 91 1
100 0 0 9 90 1
100 1 1 2 94 1
100 4 1 4 90 1
100 1 4 5 79 11
100 2 1 6 91 1
100 1 0 3 90 6
100 1 0 1 96 2
100 3 6 14 71 6
100 0 1 0 97 1
100 0 0 2 98 0
100 3 1 9 80 6
100 5 1 3 87 3
100 1 1 4 92 2
100 0 0 0 99 0
100 0 0 7 91 2
100 4 0 5 89 1
100 0 1 1 97 1
100 0 0 2 96 2
100 13 1 8 77 1
100 0 1 4 94 1
100 6 1 2 90 1
100 7 2 14 67 10
100 0 0 0 99 1
100 0 0 4 94 2
100 1 0 3 95 1
100 2 1 9 85 3
100 12 1 5 82 0
100 8 4 9 76 3
100 2 1 4 92 1
100 5 1 3 92 0
100 3 2 5 89 1
100 16 2 7 73 3
100 1 1 10 83 5
100 3 1 7 83 5
213
www.pewforum.org
Total DK/Ref.
Not at all
concerned
Not too
concerned
Somewhat
concerned
Very
concerned
Q85. How concerned, if at all, are you about extremist religious groups in our
country these days? Are you very concerned, somewhat concerned, not too
concerned or not at all concerned about extremist religious groups?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Indonesia
Malaysia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 9 15 22 30 24
100 2 43 10 17 29
100 9 53 17 10 11
100 4 24 22 25 25
100 12 19 14 20 36
100 9 19 20 27 25
100 17 44 11 11 17
100 29 16 9 15 31
100 4 18 22 29 28
100 8 10 9 11 61
100 8 17 13 14 48
100 2 26 19 22 30
100 10 29 12 14 35
100 13 32 17 17 22
100 0 18 22 21 40
100 15 31 10 16 29
100 2 11 20 33 34
100 5 16 13 31 34
100 16 12 11 20 42
100 4 24 22 27 23
100 0 20 33 25 21
100 7 6 20 37 31
100 1 6 26 38 29
100 21 7 15 26 30
100 6 16 24 29 26
100 2 15 20 33 31
100 6 10 21 32 31
100 5 5 12 32 46
100 10 34 19 23 14
100 9 24 28 23 16
100 7 10 21 33 29
100 1 8 28 35 28
100 5 72 17 5 1
100 4 14 35 26 20
100 12 21 22 23 22
100 1 14 22 26 37
100 6 42 32 16 5
214
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Total
DK/Ref. -
How
concerned
(VOL.)
Not too/Not
at all
concerned
Mostly
concerned
about
neither/othe
r/DK/Ref.
(VOL.)
Mostly
concerned
about both
(VOL.)
Mostly
concerned
about
Christian
extremist
groups
Mostly
concerned
about Muslim
extremist
groups
ASK IF VERY OR SOMEWHAT CONCERNED (Q85 = 1,2) Q86. And are you mostly concerned about
Muslim extremist groups or Christian extremist groups?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Indonesia
Malaysia
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 9 37 2 9 16 27
100 2 53 1 22 7 16
100 9 70 1 2 0 17
100 4 46 5 9 10 26
100 12 33 1 7 15 32
100 9 39 4 8 20 21
100 17 55 3 5 0 20
100 29 25 4 8 10 24
100 4 40 1 15 7 33
100 8 19 3 2 13 54
100 8 30 2 12 2 45
100 2 45 1 17 11 24
100 10 41 5 2 6 36
100 13 49 7 9 13 10
100 0 39 1 13 14 33
100 15 41 1 18 8 17
100 2 31 2 27 13 25
100 5 30 5 30 9 22
100 16 23 3 34 5 20
100 4 46 0 28 4 19
100 0 54 2 21 3 20
100 7 26 4 16 3 45
100 1 32 2 34 10 22
100 21 22 4 6 6 40
100 6 40 2 21 10 22
100 6 31 4 20 31 8
100 5 17 3 18 4 53
100 10 53 1 5 8 23
100 9 52 6 8 1 24
100 7 31 6 20 5 32
100 1 35 5 12 0 46
100 5 89 1 1 3 1
100 4 49 4 21 1 20
100 12 43 4 15 4 22
100 1 36 2 30 4 27
100 6 74 3 5 3 9
Total DK/Ref.
Not a
problem at
all
Small
problem
Moderately
big problem
Very big
problem
Q87. How big of a problem, if at all, are tensions between Sunnis and Shia in our
country? Is it a very big problem, a moderately big problem, a small problem or not
a problem at all?
Azerbaijan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Afghanistan
Pakistan
Iraq
Lebanon
Central Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
100 1 11 21 29 38
100 3 15 30 29 23
100 10 9 19 28 34
100 2 31 23 24 20
100 13 29 25 19 14
100 10 35 31 11 14
100 2 71 25 1 1
215
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Total DK/Ref.
Not a
problem at
all
Small
problem
Moderately
big problem
Very big
problem
Q88. How big of a problem, if at all, are tensions between Muslims who are very
religious and Muslims who are not very religious in our country?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
100 5 12 32 25 26
100 6 11 19 33 31
100 19 27 16 14 24
100 1 22 29 24 25
100 1 25 40 17 17
100 9 32 30 17 12
100 2 13 31 27 27
100 14 13 20 27 26
100 7 20 24 36 14
100 2 31 22 24 21
100 3 21 29 30 18
100 13 12 38 26 11
100 3 13 28 37 19
100 12 44 19 23 3
100 6 31 25 23 15
100 10 46 30 10 4
100 6 15 43 28 8
100 5 13 33 31 17
100 3 75 18 2 1
100 9 26 34 21 10
100 13 30 22 25 10
100 3 14 33 34 16
100 8 42 33 15 3
Total DK/Ref.
Never
justified
Rarely
justified
Sometimes
justified
Often
justified
Q89. Some people think that suicide bombing and other forms of violence against
civilian targets are justified in order to defend Islam from its enemies... Do you
personally feel that this kind of violence is:
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Indonesia
Malaysia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
100 5 73 11 7 5
100 10 34 15 22 18
100 16 68 6 4 5
100 3 53 29 11 4
100 3 83 8 4 3
100 3 40 28 18 11
100 6 77 3 9 4
100 3 51 20 17 9
100 4 40 18 21 18
100 9 64 10 15 3
100 1 81 11 5 2
100 8 70 8 12 3
100 12 76 9 2 1
100 8 66 16 9 1
100 3 93 2 2 0
100 3 91 5 1 0
100 7 86 4 3 1
100 7 71 11 9 2
100 1 86 10 2 1
100 3 82 10 4 2
*Lebanon is not included due to an administrative error.
216
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Total DK/Ref. None (VOL.) Very few Just some Many Most All (VOL.)
Q90. In your opinion, how many Christians in our country are hostile toward Muslims? Would you say most,
many, just some or very few?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Egypt
Lebanon
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea
Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 22 8 25 25 12 5 3
100 9 15 23 26 15 12 1
100 19 29 31 7 10 3 0
100 21 5 39 19 12 4 0
100 21 11 26 25 10 4 3
100 35 18 26 10 5 5 0
100 29 10 31 8 15 7 1
100 3 12 37 26 17 4 0
100 13 10 11 25 21 20 0
100 18 10 30 13 13 15 0
100 5 26 32 20 12 4 1
100 21 25 20 8 10 13 2
100 23 14 12 14 28 5 4
100 0 3 27 35 21 13 0
100 4 1 47 24 15 8 0
100 7 2 29 37 18 8 1
100 1 1 22 25 13 14 23
100 24 7 25 25 12 8 0
100 8 13 26 32 17 4 0
100 9 13 44 24 7 1 0
100 7 18 51 17 6 0 0
100 8 2 31 39 15 5 0
100 28 21 34 11 4 2 0
100 5 1 24 39 21 9 1
100 9 30 41 18 1 1 0
Q90THA. In your opinion, how many Buddhists in our country are hostile toward Muslims? Would you say most,
many, just some or very few?
Thailand^ Southeast Asia 100 3 2 29 55 7 5 0
Q91. In your opinion, how many Muslims in our country do you think are hostile toward Christians? Would you
say most, many, just some or very few?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Egypt
Lebanon
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea
Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 18 11 33 23 12 3 1
100 8 17 22 30 13 9 1
100 12 30 34 8 11 5 0
100 19 8 44 18 8 3 0
100 20 7 31 19 13 9 1
100 24 16 27 12 10 11 0
100 18 16 36 11 11 6 1
100 1 22 47 20 6 4 0
100 9 11 11 20 20 29 0
100 18 16 35 6 9 16 1
100 3 29 38 15 10 4 0
100 20 25 20 11 9 12 2
100 12 27 25 18 5 13 0
100 0 2 26 35 23 14 1
100 2 3 53 22 13 6 0
100 5 2 27 39 18 8 1
100 1 7 32 26 10 5 20
100 23 10 30 24 8 5 0
100 7 17 31 30 12 4 0
100 8 16 44 24 7 1 1
100 7 14 48 24 6 0 0
100 8 3 35 41 10 3 0
100 28 25 31 12 3 1 0
100 5 4 32 46 10 3 1
100 8 32 41 15 2 1 1
Q91THA. In your opinion, how many Muslims in our country do you think are hostile toward Buddhists? Would
you say most, many, just some or very few?
Thailand^ Southeast Asia 100 2 3 29 56 5 4 0
217
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Q92a. Do you favor or oppose the following: giving
Muslim leaders and religious judges the power to
decide family and property disputes?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia**
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^***
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 3 37 60
100 2 34 64
100 2 35 63
100 1 28 71
100 6 11 83
100 4 36 60
100 6 31 62
100 6 33 61
100 1 34 65
100 5 44 50
100 1 28 72
100 2 30 69
100 5 25 69
100 8 23 68
100 1 33 67
100 2 36 63
100 3 55 42
100 5 19 75
100 3 44 53
100 2 5 93
100 7 20 73
100 1 5 94
100 9 7 84
100 4 25 71
100 2 20 78
100 6 17 78
100 9 7 84
100 7 27 66
100 4 82 14
100 6 61 33
100 5 52 44
100 9 78 14
100 15 77 8
100 14 49 36
100 20 70 10
100 3 91 6
100 10 79 11
released in 2010.
** Question modified as follows: Do you favor or oppose the following: giving Muslim leaders and religious
judges the power to decide family and property disputes in the Muslim Republics of Russia?
*** Question modified as follows: Do you favor or oppose the following: giving Muslim leaders and religious
judges the power to decide family and property disputes in the provinces where the Muslim population forms a
majority?
218
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Q92b. Do you favor or oppose the following: the death
penalty for people who leave the Muslim religion?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 3 70 26
100 3 74 23
100 4 61 35
100 6 65 29
100 7 60 32
100 3 70 27
100 9 55 36
100 5 65 30
100 1 67 32
100 4 63 33
100 3 70 28
100 2 74 25
100 6 32 62
100 9 48 44
100 1 67 32
100 2 79 19
100 3 79 18
100 9 29 62
100 2 81 17
100 3 14 83
100 12 48 41
100 1 10 88
100 9 16 75
100 8 49 43
100 3 18 79
100 11 66 23
100 19 23 58
100 7 77 16
100 3 89 8
100 9 82 8
100 5 86 9
100 3 96 1
100 6 93 1
100 8 80 12
100 17 80 3
100 3 93 4
100 7 91 2
released in 2010.
219
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Q92c. Do you favor or oppose the following:
punishments like whippings and cutting off of hands for
crimes like theft and robbery?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 2 60 37
100 1 49 50
100 2 38 60
100 1 54 45
100 4 16 80
100 3 63 35
100 6 32 62
100 4 53 43
100 1 65 34
100 6 37 57
100 1 50 49
100 2 73 25
100 5 24 70
100 7 44 50
100 1 58 42
100 1 49 49
100 3 69 28
100 5 23 72
100 1 79 20
100 11 35 54
100 13 33 55
100 7 23 70
100 6 9 85
100 4 46 50
100 1 18 81
100 7 52 41
100 16 24 61
100 4 58 37
100 3 85 12
100 7 73 20
100 3 61 37
100 4 83 13
100 4 89 6
100 7 70 23
100 15 75 10
100 3 84 13
100 8 83 9
released in 2010.
220
www.pewforum.org
Q92d. Do you favor or oppose the following: stoning
people who commit adultery?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 2 64 34
100 1 54 45
100 2 40 58
100 3 60 37
100 6 24 70
100 2 67 31
100 9 33 58
100 6 66 28
100 1 68 32
100 8 39 54
100 4 54 42
100 3 75 23
100 7 26 67
100 12 50 39
100 0 66 33
100 2 62 36
100 2 70 28
100 5 14 81
100 2 79 20
100 8 27 65
100 14 29 57
100 4 16 80
100 9 5 86
100 8 38 54
100 2 13 84
100 8 47 44
100 19 27 54
100 5 53 42
100 3 88 9
100 10 65 25
100 6 68 26
100 3 91 6
100 6 78 16
100 8 78 13
100 18 73 9
100 4 89 6
100 9 85 6
released in 2010.
221
www.pewforum.org
Q111. Do you use the Internet at your workplace, at
school, at home, or anywhere else at least occasionally?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 0 90 10
100 6 89 5
100 0 78 22
100 1 86 13
100 3 83 14
100 0 89 11
100 1 88 11
100 1 81 18
100 0 77 23
100 3 81 16
100 0 83 16
100 0 96 4
100 1 40 59
100 5 76 19
100 0 94 6
100 0 86 14
100 0 59 41
100 0 50 50
100 1 54 45
100 0 60 40
100 0 64 36
100 0 85 15
100 1 65 34
100 0 92 7
100 1 92 7
100 1 97 2
100 0 82 18
100 1 65 34
100 1 85 15
100 2 89 9
100 1 60 40
100 0 89 11
100 1 81 18
100 0 70 30
100 0 78 22
100 0 49 51
100 8 32 59
100 0 57 43
100 1 51 49
released in 2010.
222
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Total N= DK/Ref. No Yes
Q112. Do you ever use online social networking sites like Facebook,
(INSERT COUNTRY SPECIFIC EXAMPLES)?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
629 100 0 8 92
528 100 0 15 85
624 100 1 19 80
217 100 0 38 62
329 100 0 22 78
222 100 0 20 80
617 100 2 19 79
106 100 1 38 62
133 100 6 21 73
35 100 0 16 84
438 100 0 9 90
254 100 1 8 92
94 100 0 34 66
622 100 1 19 80
140 100 0 9 91
236 100 0 14 86
318 100 0 12 88
216 100 0 26 73
524 100 0 20 80
681 100 0 19 81
511 100 1 20 79
382 100 1 13 87
Q113a. And do you ever use social networking sites like Facebook
(INSERT COUNTRY SPECIFIC EXAMPLES) to share your views about
sports or not?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
584 100 0 25 75
430 100 0 37 63
495 100 0 43 57
133 100 0 74 26
262 100 0 32 68
181 100 1 24 75
494 100 2 49 48
59 100 1 44 56
98 100 0 12 88
28 100 0 32 68
401 100 1 31 68
229 100 0 46 54
63 100 1 63 36
513 100 1 32 67
119 100 0 27 73
200 100 0 47 53
286 100 0 52 47
154 100 0 61 39
431 100 2 53 45
518 100 3 29 68
429 100 1 41 58
326 100 0 44 56
223
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Q113b. And do you ever use social networking sites like Facebook
religion or not?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
584 100 0 20 80
430 100 1 34 65
495 100 2 44 54
133 100 0 98 2
262 100 0 37 63
181 100 4 37 58
494 100 1 35 64
59 100 0 55 45
98 100 0 57 43
28 100 0 8 92
401 100 2 36 62
229 100 0 66 34
63 100 1 98 1
513 100 2 43 55
119 100 0 81 19
200 100 0 83 17
286 100 0 86 14
154 100 0 82 18
431 100 2 66 32
518 100 3 61 36
429 100 1 66 33
326 100 0 88 12
Q113c. And do you ever use social networking sites like Facebook
politics or not?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
584 100 0 19 81
430 100 0 43 57
495 100 3 63 34
133 100 0 32 68
262 100 0 37 63
181 100 2 44 54
494 100 1 39 60
59 100 0 61 39
98 100 0 46 54
28 100 0 28 72
401 100 3 52 45
229 100 1 77 22
63 100 1 87 11
513 100 2 34 64
119 100 0 49 51
200 100 0 51 49
286 100 0 58 42
154 100 0 71 29
431 100 3 65 32
518 100 2 41 57
429 100 1 66 33
326 100 0 58 42
224
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Q113d. And do you ever use social networking sites like Facebook
community issues or not?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
584 100 0 14 86
430 100 0 11 89
495 100 1 34 66
133 100 0 23 77
262 100 0 15 85
181 100 2 17 82
494 100 0 25 75
59 100 0 70 30
98 100 3 37 60
28 100 0 20 80
401 100 1 32 67
229 100 0 61 39
63 100 0 81 18
513 100 2 23 75
119 100 0 56 44
200 100 0 67 32
286 100 0 63 37
154 100 0 78 22
431 100 2 72 25
518 100 4 44 52
429 100 1 60 39
326 100 0 47 52
Q113e. And do you ever use social networking sites like Facebook
music and movies or not?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
584 100 0 21 79
430 100 0 25 75
495 100 0 16 84
133 100 0 45 55
262 100 0 28 72
181 100 4 32 64
494 100 0 32 68
59 100 0 32 68
98 100 0 12 88
28 100 0 31 69
401 100 1 21 78
229 100 0 18 82
63 100 1 26 73
513 100 1 10 90
119 100 0 9 91
200 100 0 19 81
286 100 0 15 84
154 100 0 7 93
431 100 2 21 77
518 100 2 11 87
429 100 1 22 77
326 100 0 6 93
225
www.pewforum.org
Q114. Do you own a cell phone?
Albania
Bosnia-Herz.
Kosovo
Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand^
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian terr.
Tunisia
Cameroon*
Chad*
DR Congo*
Djibouti*
Ethiopia*
Ghana*
Guinea Bissau*
Kenya*
Liberia*
Mali*
Mozambique*
Niger
Nigeria*
Senegal*
Tanzania*
Uganda*
Southern-Eastern
Europe
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Middle East-North
Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
100 1 33 67
100 0 49 51
100 0 28 72
100 1 55 45
100 2 43 56
100 0 55 45
100 0 68 32
100 0 48 52
100 1 39 60
100 0 26 74
100 0 46 54
100 0 86 14
100 0 33 66
100 6 37 57
100 0 67 33
100 0 59 41
100 0 7 93
100 5 14 81
100 0 7 93
100 0 24 76
100 0 6 94
100 0 11 89
100 0 29 71
100 0 47 52
100 0 23 76
100 0 57 43
100 0 27 73
100 0 11 89
100 0 42 58
100 0 39 61
100 0 13 87
100 0 38 61
100 0 23 77
100 0 22 78
100 1 34 65
100 2 11 87
100 1 12 87
100 0 22 78
100 1 7 92
* Data from Tolerance and Tension: Islam and Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa,
conducted in 2008-2009 and released in 2010.
^ Interviews conducted with Muslims in five southern provinces only. See
methodology for details.
226
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PEW RESEARCH CENTER'S FORUM ON RELIGION & PUBLIC LIFE

THE WORLD'S MUSLIMS: RELIGION, POLITICS AND SOCIETY

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