HVAC Control Strategy

Pressure Dependent Volume Control

M
W
Pressure Independent Volume Control
!p
V
M
W
Pressure Independent Volume Control
Dp
V
t
Dp
V
t
Dp
v
+
Dp
v
+
Pressure Air Flow
V
Air Flow Measurement
Flow Characteristics
D 6 l
. min
= D
Round Duct
Rectangular duct
!
wh
l
4
. 2
min
=
D l ! = 2
min
Honey-Comb Air flow Straightener
With Honey-Comb Air Flow
Straightener We get,

Drastically Reduced Straight
Length required for Accurate &
Reliable Air Flow
Measurement.

Accurate & Reliable Air
Flow Measurement, even at
non ducted application such as
outdoor air intakes.
Without
Air Flow
Straightener
With
Air Flow
Straightener
Non Linear Calibration
Healthy buildings at reduced energy cost.
Why Optimal Ventilation is Critical?
Under Ventilated buildings suffer from reduced productivity levels.
Over Ventilated Buildings result in increased humidity levels.
Ventilation rates also have a direct bearing on energy costs


Demand Controlled Ventilation, or DCV
Reduces indoor airborne viruses and bacteria which can led to Sick Building
Syndrome.
Reduce the cost of operating the HVAC system.
Traditional Approach
Use of pressure dependent volume control
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0uldoor A|r 0uldoor A|r
3upp|y A|r 3upp|y A|r
Relurr A|r Relurr A|r
Zore 1 Zore 1 Zore 30 Zore 30
v
P30
v
P30
v
0T
v
0T
Feedoac| Feedoac|
Corlro| Corlro|
Ex|ausl A|r Ex|ausl A|r

v
P1
v
P1
Traditional Approach
In Multiple Space using one CO2 sensor
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0uldoor A|r 0uldoor A|r
3upp|y A|r 3upp|y A|r
Relurr A|r Relurr A|r
Zore 1 Zore 1 Zore 2 Zore 2
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P2
v
P2
v
P1
v
P1
v
0T
v
0T
Feedoac| Feedoac|
Corlro| Corlro|
Ex|ausl A|r Ex|ausl A|r
C0 Corcerlral|or
2
150 PPV
C0 Corcerlral|or
2
900 PPV
C0
2
C0
2

How Optimal Ventilation Can be Achieved?
First and foremost is to measure the amount of outdoor
air coming into a building.

And then, Reset intake air flow (Demand Controlled
Ventilation) in response to variations in zone population
and ventilation efficiency both.
Demand Controlled Ventilation Various Methods
Reset based on occupancy
Occupancy Schedule
Predicts the current population based on the time of day
Occupancy sensor
It detects the number of people in each monitored zone
CO2 Sensor (Most Effective)
Monitors the concentration of CO2 produced

Reset based on ventilation efficiency
Reset Intake air flow in response ventilation efficiency Variation
DCV - CO
2
Based
DCV SINGLE ZONE
DCV - Single Zone CO
2
based
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0uldoor A|r 0uldoor A|r
Relurr A|r Relurr A|r
Zore 1 Zore 1
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0T
v
0T
C0
2
C0
2
Ex|ausl A|r Ex|ausl A|r
C0
2
C0
2
A|lerrale 3ersor Local|or

DCV - Single Zone CO
2
based
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0uldoor A|r 0uldoor A|r
Relurr A|r Relurr A|r
Zore 1 Zore 1
v
0T
v
0T
C0
2
C0
2
Ex|ausl A|r Ex|ausl A|r
C0
2
C0
2
A|lerrale 3ersor Local|or

DCV - MULTIPLE ZONE
! CO2 Based DCV alone
! Ventilation Reset alone
! Ventilation Reset Plus
CO2 based DCV
ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007
-Multiple Space Equation 6-1
ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007
-Multiple Space Equation 6-1
ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007
-Multiple Space Equation 6-1
CO
2
Based DCV Alone

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0uldoor A|r 0uldoor A|r
3upp|y A|r 3upp|y A|r
Relurr A|r Relurr A|r
Zore 1 Zore 1 Zore 30 Zore 30
v
P30
v
P30
v
P1
v
P1
v
0T
v
0T
Feedoac| Feedoac|
Corlro| Corlro|
Ex|ausl A|r Ex|ausl A|r

CO
2
Based DCV Alone

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0uldoor A|r 0uldoor A|r
3upp|y A|r 3upp|y A|r
Relurr A|r Relurr A|r
Zore 1 Zore 1 Zore 30 Zore 30
v
P30
v
P30
v
P1
v
P1
v
0T
v
0T
Feedoac| Feedoac|
Corlro| Corlro|
Ex|ausl A|r Ex|ausl A|r

Ventilation Reset

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0uldoor A|r 0uldoor A|r
3upp|y A|r 3upp|y A|r
Relurr A|r Relurr A|r
Zore 1 Zore 1 Zore 30 Zore 30
v
P30
v
P30
v
P1
v
P1
v
0T
v
0T
Feedoac| Feedoac|
Corlro| Corlro|
Ex|ausl A|r Ex|ausl A|r

CO
2
Based DCV with Ventilation Reset

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0uldoor A|r 0uldoor A|r
3upp|y A|r 3upp|y A|r
Relurr A|r Relurr A|r
Zore 1 Zore 1 Zore 30 Zore 30
v
P30
v
P30
v
P1
v
P1
v
0T
v
0T
Feedoac| Feedoac|
Corlro| Corlro|
Ex|ausl A|r Ex|ausl A|r

VAQ Station
An Effective Solution for Pressure Independent Volume Control
VAQ Station
-Selection Chart
VAQ Station
-Earn valuable LEED Credits
Questions?