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MOOLJI JAITHA COLLEGE JALGAON

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
F.Y.B.Sc
THEORY:-
When a uniform bar is bend by the action of a couple ,the strain produced
is in the nature of elongations and contractions. An imaginary surface
in the body of the bar. And parallel to its length remains unaltered in
length and is called the neutral surface . layers in the material on one
side of this surface is elongated while those on the other Side suffer
contraction . Thus bending involves essentially changes of length. And
the corresponding elastic coefficient , viz. Youngs modulus Y. t is
shown that for slight bending ,the radius of the curvature of the arc in
Which the bar is bent, !, is related to Young "s modulus Y by the
e#uation
! $%! ,
Where % is the couple &also called the bending moment ', and is the
moment of inertia of the cross (section of the bar
A beam supported at two ends and loaded at the center undergoes bending.
n this case the couple is provided by the load applied and the reactions at
the ends . The bending of beam leads to the depression of its midpoint .t can
be shown that the depression & ' produced by a given load )g is given by
the formula *
Y = M g L
3
/ ( 4 b
3
!
Where Y is the Youngs modulus and + ,b d are the length , breadth and
depth of the beam
AIM:
To determine the value of Youngs modulus from bending of a beam
supported on two ,nife - edge and loaded at its mid point.
APPARAT"S :-
The given beam , micrometer screw , ,nife edges, traveling microscope ,
vernier calipers , a hanger , weight bo. , and meter scale.

DIAGRAM:-
W/0
W/0
W $ mg
FORM"LA:-
Youngs modulus &Y' for a bar of rectangular cross(section is given by the
following relation *
Y = Mg L
3
/(4 b
3
#!
Where ) ,+oad suspended from the beam , + , length of the beam between
,nife -edges , b ,breadth of the beam , d , depth of the beam
1 , depression of the beam corresponding to the load , g , acceleration
due to gravity.
PROCED"RE :-
2' 3lace the rod on the two ,nife edges symmetrically.
0' Attach a scale pan and a pointer at the midpoint of the two ,nife edges
as shown in fig.
4' 5ocus a traveling microscope on the paper pin . move the ,nob of the
microscope such that it touches the horizontal of cross wire. 6ote
down the microscope reading.
7' Add 89 grams .pin pointer is ad:usted by ,nob such that it :ust
touches the horizontal cross wires.
8' !epeat this by adding 89 grams each time ,till at least eight readings
are obtained.
;' Then unload the pan step by step , 89 grams at a time , and ta,e the
reading while unloading.
<' )easure the depth d of the beam with a micrometer screw at different
points.
)easure the b breadth of the beam with vernier caliper.

Ob$%&'()*+,$ *( -

2' +ength of the beam between the ,nife edges + $ (((((((((( %).
0' +east count of the vernier caliper $ ((((((((((((( cm
4' !eading for the breadth of the beam
b $ 2' ((((((((((( 0' (((((((((( 4' ((((((((((((((
)ean b $(((((((((((( %)
7' +east count of the micrometer screw ((((((((((((((((( cm
8' =epth of the beam d $ 2' (((((((((((( 0' ((((((((((((((4'(((((((((((
)ean d $ (((((((((((((((((((( cm
;' +east count of the traveling microscope ((((((((((((((((((((( cm
R%(*,g .+& )/% 0%($1&%0%,) +. %2&%$$*+, +. )/% b%(0
GRAPH :
3lot the graph of depression for different load, against of ) .This will
be st. line.

$3+2% # /M = -----------

M
>bs.
6>
Weight
added
to the
pan )
gm
Traveling microscope
reading

+oad +oad
ncreasing =ecreasing
cm cm
)ean
%m

=epressions
1 for 099
gms
=epressions
5or different
loads
2
9
&2' -2 $
0
89
&0' - 2$
4
299
&8' ( &2' &4' -2$
7
289
&;' ( &0' &7' -2$
8
099
&<' ( &4' &8' -2$
;
089
&?' ( &7' &;' -2$
<
499
&<' -2$
?
489
&?' - 2$

)ean 1
@@@.cm
=
e
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
,

#
CALC"LATION :
Ay half table method
=epression mean 1 for 099 gm $ (((((((((((
)$099
1 / ) $ (((((((((((($ ) / $((((((((((((((
depth of the beam d $ (((((((((( cm
breadth of the beam b $ (((((((((cm
6ow,
2' Y
2
$ )g+
4
$ g +
4
)
7 b d
4
1 7 bd
4


$ @@@@@@@..dyne / cm
0
5rom graph, Slope 1/)$@@@@@.
2/slope $ @@@@@@@
0' Y
0
$ )g+
4
$ g +
4
2
7 b d
4
1 7 bd
4
slope

$@@@@@@@@dyne / cm
0

7' )ean Y $ from half table method and from graph
$ &Y
2
B Y
0
' / 0
R%$13):
The value of youngs modulus for the wooden material is
$@@@@.dyne / cm
0

Standard value of Youngs )odulus for the wooden material is @@@@

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