OSH ACT 1994

1. State the definitions of the following as stated in Occupational Safety and

Health Act 1994?
a. Occupier
b. Place of wor
!a" Occupier
#Occupier$ in relation to a place of work, means a person who has the management
or control of the place of work.
!%" Place of wor
#Place of wor$ means premises where persons work or premises used for the
storage of plant or substance.
&. 'riefly e(plain what #practica%le$ )eans.
"Practicable" means practicable having regarded to;
a) The severity of the hazard or risk in uestion
b) The state of knowledge about the hazard or risk and any way of removing or
mitigating the hazard or risk
c) the availability and suitability of ways to remove or mitigate the hazard or risk
d) the cost of removing or mitigating the hazard or risk;
*. State the o%+ecti,es of the OSH Act 1994
The ob!ects of this "ct are#
a) To secure the safety, health and welfare of persons at work against risks to
safety or health arising out of the activities of persons at work.
b) To protect person at a place of work other than persons at work against risks
to safety or health arising out of the activities of persons at work.
c) To promote an occupational environment for persons at work. This is adapted
to their physiological and psychological needs.
4. -hat is the philosophy of OSH Act 1994?
"ccording to $ection %& of '$( "ct, e)cept in such cases as may be prescribed, it
shall be the duty of every employer and every self#employed person to prepare and as
often as may be appropriate revise a written statement of his general policy with
respect to the safety and health at work of his employees and the organizations and
arrangements for the time being in force for carrying out that policy and to bring the
statement and any revision of it to the notice of all of his employees. The '$( policy
demonstrates the company*s concern, commitment and attempts to ensure safety and
health of the employees. +t acts as a basis for developing and implementing
programmes for securing safety and health at the workplace.
.. -hat action can %e taen %y an occupational safety and health officer when
he disco,ers a contra,ention of one of any pro,ision of the OSH Act?
+n the event of any conflict or inconsistency between the provisions of this "ct and
that of any other written law pertaining to occupational safety and health, the
provisions of this "ct shall prevail and the conflicting or inconsistent provisions of
such other written law shall, to the e)tent of the conflict or inconsistency, be
construed as superseded.
/. State the duties of the Safety and health Officer.
" safety and health committee is an important part of any preventative strategy to
reduce lost time in!uries and disease in the workplace. ,ecommend to the employer
and employees the establishment, maintenance, and monitoring of programs,
measures and procedures at the workplace relating to the safety and health of
employees.
0. -hat is )ean %y 1Self2regulation3?
The provision of the 'ccupational $afety and (ealth "ct %--. are based on the self#
regulation scheme. +ts primary responsibility is to ensure safety and health of work
lies with those who create the risks and those who work with the risks. The concept of
self#regulation encourages consultation, cooperation and participations of workers
and management in efforts to upgrade the standards of safety and health at the
workplace.
4. -hat are T-O )ain functions of OSH co))ittee at the worplace?
a) /eep under review the measures taken to ensure the safety and health of
persons at the workplace.
b) +nvestigate any matters at the workplace that is considered is not safe or is a
risk to health and which has been brought to the attention of the employer.
c) +nvestigate any matters which have been brought to the attention of the
employer.
d) "ttempt to resolve any matter that is not safe or risky and if it is unable to do
so, reuest the 0irector 1eneral of the 0epartment of 'ccupational $afety and
(ealth to carry out an inspection.
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%. -hat is )eant %y 1:ood Houseeeping3?
1ood housekeeping is one of the surest ways to identify a safe workplace. 2ou can tell
how workers* feel about safety !ust by looking at their housekeeping. 1ood housekeeping
isn*t the result of cleaning up once a week or even once a day. +t*s the result of keeping
cleaned#up all the time. +t*s an essential factor in a good safety program, promoting
safety, health, production, and morale.
'ther good housekeeping include keeping tools and euipment clean and in good shape
or keeping hoses and cables or wires bundled when not in use. 3roken glass should be
picked up immediately with a broom and dustpan, never with bare hands. 3e aware of
open cabinet drawers, electric wires, sharp corners or protruding nails. 4ither correct the
unsafe condition if you are able and it is safe to do so, or notify the person responsible for
overall maintenance that something should be done.
&. -hat are the riss of poor houseeeping?
The risks of poor housekeeping are;
a) +n!uries, when employees, trip, fall, strike or are struck by out#of#place ob!ects;
b) +n!uries from using improper tools because the correct tool can5t be found;
c) 6owered production because of the time spent maneuvering over and around
someone else5s mess, and time spent looking for proper tools and materials;
d) Time spent investigating and reporting accidents that could have been avoided;
e) 7ires due to improper storage and disposal of flammable or combustible materials
and wastes;
8. ;ist out the i)portant factors o%ser,ing good houseeeping planning.
a) 0ust and 0irt ,emoval
b) 4mployee 7acilities
c) $urfaces
d) 9aintain 6ight 7i)tures
e) "isles and $tairways
f) $pill :ontrol
g) Tools and 4uipment
h) 9aintenance
i) ;aste 0isposal
!) $torage
4. -hy )ust standards of safety %e re,iewed and %rought up to date?
$tandards of safety must be reviewed by employer for the safety of employee. +t must be
brought up to date due to<
a) The new euipment during work
There are many euipments and machines invented to make the work easier. The new
machine can bring the new type of hazard. $tandards of safety must be brought up to
date to prevent this new hazard.
b) +llness during work
+llness can bring healthy problem to people during work. (andling with chemical
substance and working at dangerous work place will e)pose to illness and high risk.
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1. -hat are the conse?uences of contact with electricity?
a" Shoc
4lectric shock is the effect produced on the body, particularly its nervous system, by
electric current passing through it, and its effect depends on current strength =which in
turn depends on voltage) the path the current takes through the body, the surface
resistance of the skin and several other factors.
%" @eath
The most common cause of death from shock is suffocation and it is highly desirable
that persons dealing with electricity should be trained in resuscitation, with practice in
both artificial respiration and in cardiac massage.
c" 'urns
These are caused by the passage of heavy current through the body or by direct
contact with an electrically heated surface. They may also be caused by the intense
heat generated by arcing from a short#circuit. "ll cases of burns reuire immediate
medical attention.
d" 6(plosion
;here flammable gases or vapors are present, special care is necessary in the design
and selection of electrical euipment. +n such areas, all euipment should be fully
flameproof.
&. ;ist the causes of electricity failure.
$ome of the causes of electric failure include<
a) 7aulty appliances
b) 0amaged or frayed cords or e)tension leads
c) 4lectrical appliances coming in contact with water
d) +ncorrect or deteriorated household wiring
e) 0owned power lines
f) 6ightning strike.
*. How can electrical failures are pre,ented.
a) "lways hire a licensed electrician for all wiring !obs.
b) 0on5t use e)tension leads or appliances if the cords are damaged or frayed.
c) 0on5t remove a plug from a power point by pulling on the cord; pull the plug
instead.
4. -hat )ust a safe electrical installation consists of?
a) 7ree from ,ecognized (azards
b) 6abeling of 0isconnects
c) 1uarding of 6ive Parts
.. @uring electrical )aintenance worA what are the safety procedures that should
%e engaged?
The safety procedures that should be engaged during electrical maintenance work are the
lockout>tag out procedures.
Procedures for applying the lock>tag<
%. 3efore the shutdown, know the unit and power sources
?. Power down the euipment
8. +solate the power source=s)
.. "pply the lock and>or tag
@. Ase proper techniues, personal protective euipment, and test measuring
devices to verify that the electrical circuit is de#energized
&. ,elease residual energy
B. Try to power up
Procedure for removing the lock>tag<
%. +nspect machine and>or euipment
?. 1ive notification to personnel
8. ,emove the lockout>tagout device
/. a. -hat is static electricity?
$tatic electricity is the situation where electrical charges build up on the surface
of a material. +t is called CstaticD because there is no current flowing as in ": or
0: electricity. $tatic electricity is usually caused when materials are rubbed
together. The result is that ob!ects may be attracted to each other or may even
cause a spark to !ump from one ob!ect to the other.
%. -hat are the haBards of static electricity?
i. Portable 1asoline :ontainers
Portable containers can build up a static electric charge during transport.
:onseuently, when the container is not placed on the ground for filling, its static
electricity could be discharged and result in a fire when filling begins. :ontainers
are to be placed on the ground during filling and the nozzle kept in contact with
the container. :ontainers are to be approved design. :ontainers are E'T to be
filled while inside a vehicle or its trunk, the bed of a pickup truck, or the floor of a
trailer, etc.
ii. :ustomer Fehicle 7ueling
:ustomers should discharge static electricity before fueling by touching a metal
surface away from the nozzle and remain at the vehicle*s fueling point even when
using the nozzle*s hold#open latch. The customer $('A60 E'T re#enter their
vehicle during fueling. This re#entry could result in the customer becoming
charged with static electricity and returning to the fueling point the static
electricity could be discharged resulting in a fire. +f a fire starts, do not remove the
nozzle # back away immediately.
c. -hat is the protecti,e )easure against Static 6lectricity?
a) "ssembling euipment under electrostatic safe conditions in an electrostatic
protected area =4P").
b) +nstallation of static preventative euipment can provide good protection
against static damage, the effectiveness of these measures can be
compromised by working practices, materials and euipment allowed into the
4P".
c) Preventing dangerous build#up of static charges by grounding metallic ob!ects,
and replacing insulating materials with static dissipative materials
d) 4valuate capacitance and potential 4$0 energy from ungrounded conductors
e) ,educe area of charged insulating surfaces to those recommended in P0
:6:>T,
f) @G.G.<?GG8 H%BI
g) "dd powders>solids to vessels containing solvents not vice versa = to avoid
cone
ASS8:9C69T
1. 6(plain %riefly the history of OSH legislation in Calaysia.
The 'ccupational $afety and (eath "ct, %--. was gazetted on ?. 7ebruary %--..
The "ct, which provides the legislative framework to promote, stimulate and
encourage high standards of safety and health at work, is a practical tool
superimposed over e)isting safety and health legislation, such as the 7actories and
9achinery "ct, %-&B.
$o far, five regulations have been formed under the "ct<
a) 'ccupational $afety and (ealth =:ontrol of +ndustrial 9a!or "ccident
(azard) ,egulations %--&
b) 'ccupational $afety and (ealth =$afety and (ealth :ommittee) ,egulations
%--&
c) 'ccupational $afety and (ealth =:lassification, Packaging and 6abeling of
(azardous :hemicals) ,egulations %--B
d) 'ccupational $afety and (ealth =$afety and (ealth 'fficer) ,egulations %--B
'ccupational $afety and (ealth =$afety and (ealth 'fficer) 'rder %---
&. -rite the philosophy and principle of the Occupational Safety and Health 1994.
Also e(plain %riefly its re?uire)entJ
,esponsibilities of employers, manufacturer, employees, self#employed workers,
designers, importers and vendors to ensure safety and health at the work place. There are
three main principles that had been taken as the foundation in the drafting of this "ct.
i. $elf ,egulation
ii. :onsultation
iii. :ooperation between employers and employees
,euirement<
i. Pro!ect worth than ,9 % million
ii. Pro!ect involves %GG and above workers
iii. "n employer employing .G or more persons must establish a safety
and health committee at the workplace
*. -hat are the fifteen !1." di,isions !%ahagian" of #Peraturan
7esela)atan dan 7esihatan 1994$?
a) Part + K Preliminary
b) Part ++ # "ppointment 'f 'fficers
c) Part +++ # Eational :ouncil 7or 'ccupational $afety "nd (ealth
d) Part +F # 1eneral 0uties of 4mployers and $elf#4mployed Persons
e) Part F # 1eneral 0uties of 0esigners, 9anufacturers and $uppliers
f) Part F+ # 1eneral 0uties of 4mployees
g) Part F++ # $afety and (ealth 'rganizations
h) Part F+++ # Eotification of "ccidents, 0angerous 'ccurrence, 'ccupational
i) Poisoning and 'ccupational 0iseases, and +nuiry
!) Part +L # Prohibition "gainst use of Plant or $ubstance
k) Part L # +ndustry :odes of Practice
l) Part L+ # 4nforcement and +nvestigation
m) Part L++ # 6iability for 'ffenses
n) Part L+++ K "ppeals
o) Part L+F K ,egulations
p) Part LF K 9iscellaneous
4. -rite the !/" di,ision !'ahagian" of #Dawatanuasa 7esela)atan dan
7esihatan$.
a) :hairman
b) $ecretary
c) ,epresentative of employer =? person if M%GG)
d) ,epresentative of employee =? person if M%GG)
.. -hat is the Occupational Health?
'ccupational (ealth is the science of designing, implementing and evaluating
comprehensive health and safety programs that maintain and enhance employee health,
improve safety and increase productivity in the workplace.
/. 6(plain the Standard of Occupational Health?
The term "$tandard of 'ccupational (ealth" means a standard which reuires
conditions, or the adoption or use of one or more practices, means, methods, operations,
or processes, reasonably necessary or appropriate to provide safe or healthful
employment and places of employment.
0. -hat do you understand the )eaning of 6C6<:69C>? 6(plain it response
plan.
4mergency is une)pected and dangerous situation that must be dealt with immediately.
,esponse plan of emergency<
a) ,ecognize the person involved system, operation and euipment to handle
the emergency.
b) 1ive priority to the activity after the emergency to minimize the
conseuences to organization. =e.g., electrical supply and telephone
c) Plan time for implementation of activities after the emergency.
d) 9inimize source needed for activities after the emergency.
4. -rite the causes of accidentsA type of accidentsA reasons of accidentsA type of
illness and causes of the illness at wor place.
Types of accidentsE
a) tripping over loose ob!ects on floors, stairs and platforms

b) being hit by falling ob!ects
c) slipping on greasy, wet or dirty surfaces
d) striking against pro!ecting, poorly stacked items or misplaced material
e) cutting, puncturing, or tearing the skin of hands or other parts of the body on
pro!ecting nails, wire or steel strapping
f) destructive burning
Causes of accidentsE
a) Poor tool housekeeping
b) 0irty light fi)tures
c) 3ad organization of machinery
d) ;aste disposal
e) 6ess aeration
f) Eo maintenance of buildings and euipments
Types of illnessE
a) +llness of skin
+nhalation
# Temporary discomfort to upper respiratory tract may occur due to
in halation of high dust levels well above the N hour occupational
e)posure limit. 6ong term inhalation of coal dust may lead to
pneumoconiosis
b) +llness of eyes
# Poor lighting
Causes of the illness at wor placeE
a) 0ust and dirt at wall and lamp are not removed
b) special precautions such as showers, washing facilities and change
rooms are not provided
c) spilled oils and other liuids are not cleaned
9. :i,e the infor)ation regarding electrical haBard and electrical safety.
The main hazards are<
a) contact with live parts causing shock and burns =normal mains
voltage,?8G volts ":, can kill);
b) faults which could cause fires;
c) fire or e)plosion where electricity could be the source of ignition in a
d) Potentially flammable or e)plosive atmosphere, e.g. in a spray paint
booth.
To reduce the risk of electrical hazard, electrical safety should be taken;
a) 4nsure that the electrical installation is safe
b) Provide safe and suitable euipment
c) 6imit the voltage used
d) Provide a safety device
1F. 6(plain in your words the i)portance of Occupational first aid.
7irst aid is the immediate treatment given to the victim of an accident or sudden illness,
before medical help is obtained. The importance of occupational first aid are to
preserve life, to promote recovery and to prevent the worsening of the victim5s
conditions. 7irst aid is very important during emergencies. +t can prevent a bad
condition from become worst.
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http<>>www.lawyerment.com.my>library>doc>empl>osha>
http<>>www.kimia.gov.my>osha>osh?--eng.html
http<>>www.mtuc.org.my>mtuc>oshOact.htmPop
http<>>www.osha.gov>pls>oshaweb>owadisp.showOdocumentJ
pOidQ?B.8RpOtableQ'$(":T
http<>>www.chess.cornell.edu>Test>safety>manual>chptrB>lctrcshk.htm
http<>>www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au>bhcv?>bhc"rticles.nsf>pages>4lectricOshockJ
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BEE 4611
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
ASSIGNMENT
NAME:
MOHD AFIQ BIN MAT NOOR
MATRIK NO:
EG06007
SARJANA MUDA KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK
(SISTEM KOMPUTER & RANGKAIAN
@AT6 O= S5'C8SS8O9E
1 S6PTC'6< &FF/