Phng php iu ch trong GSM

1.Phng Php iu ch GMSK

Trong h thng GSM,ngi ta s dng phng php GMSK iu ch tn hiu.
1.1 Khi nim v s iu ch
- /N : GMSK (Gausian Minimum Shift Keying) Phng php iu ch bng hp da trn k
thut iu ch dch pha.
- Thc cht qu trnh iu ch GMSK chnh l iu ch MSK trong ngi ta t b lc
Gauss vo trc b iu ch MSK.
-S iu ch :









Hnh 1 S tng quan

-S iu ch chi tit :
B lc
Guass
iu ch
MSK
iu ch
GMSK

GM
SK

Hnh 2 S b iu ch GMSK chi tit
K hiu :
Y-2X : mch bin i n cc thnh lng cc
GF : B lc Gauss thng thp
VCO : B dao ng iu ha bng in p
COS : B to dng cos
SIN : B to dng sin
1.2.Phn tch qu trnh iu ch MSK
- Sng mang iu ch c dng :
0
( ) . os( )
c t
S t Ac t e = + +
Trong :
A: l bin ko i

c
e : l tn s gc ca sng mang

0
: l gc pha ban u

t
: gc pha ph thuc vo lung s a ln iu ch
i vi iu ch MSK ta c gc pha c dng :

( )
t i i
i
k t iT | =

Gc pha
t
s thay i tuyn tnh t:
0 n
2
t
nu bit iu ch ging bit trc ( tng ln
2
t
chu k bit)
0 n -
2
t
nu bit iu ch khc bit trc ( gim i
2
t
chu k bit )
Tuy nhin s thay i gc pha iu ch MSK s n n thay i tn s theo cng thc :
t
d
dt

e =
Nu chui bit a ln iu ch khng i (ton bit 1 hoc bit 0) th :
1
4
b
c
R
f f = +
Nu chui bit a ln thay i lun phin
1
4
b
c
R
f f =
Trong :
b
R l tc symbol iu ch ,
c
f l tn s sng mang danh nh trong MSK.
T mi quan h trn ta c th thy vic thay i gc pha s dn n vic thay i tn s to
nn vic chuyn mch lin tc tn s sng mang gia 2 gi tr khc nhau hay ni cch khc iu
ch MSK chnh l mt trng hp c bit ca iu ch FSK.
1.3.B lc Gauss
Do MSK l mt trng hp c bit iu ch FSK nn theo l thuyt ph tn s ca tn hiu s
rng v hn Ta cn s dng b lc Gauss thu hp ph tn s v quyt nh nn ph t
c.
- Trong GSM b lc Gauss c gii thng tng i ca b lc Gauss bng gc l BT = 0,3
Vi T l chu k bit
B l gii thng 3 db ca b lc
tc symbol iu ch khong 271 kb/s
- Do b lc gauss mi bt s c tri trn 3 symbol iu ch dn n vic khi s dng b
lc Gause s to nn nhiu ISI (nhiu symbol ln cn )

1.4. u im ca GMSK trong GSM
Vic la chn phng php iu ch GMSK trong h thng thng tin di ng GSM l do n
c nhng u im sau :
- Do trm gc c cng sut pht ln v thng l b khuch i phi tuyn cho nn s
iu ch cn phi l FSK hoc PSK ( v chng c ng bao tn hiu khng i nn t nhy
cm vi mo phi tuyn ).Tuy nhin thc t khi bng thng hn ch cho nn PSK s nhy
cm vi mo phi tuyn gy ra bi b khuych i cng sut phi tuyn.
- Tn hiu FSK c hiu qu s dng ph thp,ph tn hiu ln hn ch ph phi dng b
lc Gause tuy nhin nu hn ch ph nh th dn n nhiu ISI lm gim cht lng
lin lc ,tuy nhin vic x l ISI c giao ph cho qu trnh san bng v m chng nhiu.