bài tập hóa đại cương

TRNG AI HOC BACH KHOA THANH PHO HO CH MINH
KHOA CONG NGHE HOA HOC VA DAU KH

BO MON CONG NGHE VO C
GIAO TRNH BAI TAP
HOA AI CNG
9 - 2004
Cac k hieu va thuat ng trong giao trnh bai tap nay tuan
theo giao trnh hoa ai cng xuat ban nam 2002 cua giao s
Nguyen nh Soa
PHAN 1 : CAU TAO CHAT

A. BAI TAP TOAN
Bai 1.1: Co bao nhieu ocbitan nguyen t trong phan lp lng t l = 2
cua lp M? Goi ten va ve cac ocbitan nguyen t o.
Bai 1.2: Hay viet cac so lng t l, ml va tnh so electron co the co
tren lp N trong nguyen t.
Bai 1.3: Da vao trat t phan bo cac mc nang lng cho biet cau tao
lp vo electron nguyen t cua cac nguyen to : S (Z = 16), Ti ( Z =
22) va Nd ( Z = 60).
Bai 1.4: Viet cau hnh electron va ve cac ocbitan nguyen t lp ngoai
cung cua: Si ( Z =14, chu k III, phan nhom IVA), Fe ( Z = 26, chu k IV,
phan nhom VIIIB), Ag ( Z = 47, chu k V, phan nhom IB) va At ( Z =
85, chu k VI, phan nhom VIIA).
Bai 1.5: Xac nh v tr ( o, chu k, phan nhom), ho va ten nguyen to,
cac mc oxy hoa dng cao nhat va am thap nhat cua nhng
nguyen to co cau hnh electron nguyen t nh sau:
- 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2
- 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p3
- 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s1
Bai 1.6: Viet cau hnh electron cua cac ion Ag +, Ti2+, Ti4+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Se2- va
Br-. Nhng nguyen t va ion nao co cau hnh giong ion Br-?
Bai 1.7: Tnh hoa tr va so oxy hoa cua cac nguyen to trong nhng hp
chat sau:
H2O, H2O2, HClO4, Hg2Cl2, CBr4, Al4C3,
CaH2, H2S va Na2S2O3.
Bai 1.8: Phan tch s tao thanh lien ket (kieu, bac), cau hnh khong gian
(dang hnh hoc, goc hoa tr) cua cac phan t sau ay bang
phng phap lien ket hoa tr (LH) : F 2, HBr, H2Te ( HTeH = 900), NF3
( FNF = 1020 ), CCl4 ( ClCCl = 10905), CS2 ( SCS = 1800), NO2 ( ONO = 1320 ;
bac lien ket = 1,5), NO2- ( ONO = 1150; bac lien ket = 1,5).
Bai 1.9: Phan tch s tao thanh phan t N2 va CO bang cac phng phap
lien ket cong hoa tr (LH) va ocbitan phan t (OP). T o so
sanh cac ac trng lien ket va l hoa tnh cua N2 va CO.
Bai 1.10: So sanh o dai, o ben, bac lien ket O O trong day O 22- - O2- O2 - O2+. Nhan xet ve t tnh, o ben, tnh oxy hoa cua chung.
B. BAI TAP TRAC NGHIEM
CHNG 2 : CAU TAO NGUYEN T
2.1 Cau tao hat nhan nguyen t
2.1 Trong cac phat bieu cho sau ay, cac phat bieu ung la:
1) Cac nguyen t co cung ien tch hat nhan Z va co so khoi A
khac nhau c goi la cac ong v.
2) Hat nhan nguyen t cua cac ong v cua mot nguyen to co
so ntron khac nhau.
3) Nguyen t lng cua mot nguyen to trong bang he thong tuan
hoan la trung bnh cong cua nguyen t lng cua cac ong v theo
ty le ton tai trong t nhien.
4) Tr ong v co nhieu nhat cua mot nguyen to X, cac ong v
khac eu la nhng ong v phong xa.
a) 1
b) 1,2
c) 1,4
d) 1,2,3
2
2.2 Khoi lng nguyen t cua ong v 2H gom:

a) Khoi lng cua 1 proton + 1 ntron
b) khoi lng cua electron
c) khoi lng cua electron + 1 ntron
d) khoi lng cua 1 proton
2.3 Chon phat bieu ung ve tnh chat cua cac ong v cua cung 1
nguyen to:
a) Cac ong v cua cung mot nguyen to th giong nhau ve tat
ca cac tnh chat l, hoa hoc.
b) Cac nguyen t co cung ien tch hat nhan, co so khoi nh
nhau c goi la cac ong v.
c) Cac ong v co cung so proton va cung so ntron.
d) ong v chiem cung mot o trong bang he thong tuan hoan
cac nguyen to.
2.4 Phat bieu nao di ay la ung
a) Cac nguyen t co cung ien tch hat nhan, co so khoi nh
nhau c goi la ong v.
b) Vi moi nguyen to, so lng proton trong hat nhan nguyen t
la co nh, song co the khac nhau ve so ntron, o la hien
tng ong v.
c) Cac nguyen t co so khoi nh nhau, song so proton cua hat
nhan lai khac nhau c goi la cac chat ong v.
d) Cac ong v cua cung mot nguyen to th giong nhau ve tat
ca cac tnh chat l, hoa hoc.
2.5 Chon ap an ung va ay u nhat.
1) ong v gom cac nguyen t co cung bac so nguyen t (Z) nhng
co s khac nhau ve so khoi lng (A).
2) Nguyen t lng cua mot nguyen to la trung bnh cong cua cac
nguyen t lng cua cac ong v theo t le cua cac ong v
nay trong thien nhien.
3) Khac nhau duy nhat ve c cau gia cac ong v la co so ntron
khac nhau.
4) Tr ong v co nhieu nhat cua mot nguyen to, cac ong v
khac eu la nhng ong v phong xa.
a) Ch co 1
b) Ch co 1 va 2
c) Ch co 1 va 4
d) 1, 2 va 3
ung
ung
ung
ung.
2.2. Cau tao lp vo nguyen t
2.2.1 Mo hnh nguyen t Borh va quang pho nguyen t
2.6 Chon phat bieu sai ve kieu nguyen t Bohr ap dung cho nguyen t
Hidro hoac cac ion giong Hidro (ion ch co 1 electron)
a) Khi chuyen ong tren quy ao Bohr, nang lng cua electron khong
thay oi.
b) Electron khoi lng m, chuyen ong vi toc o v tren quy ao Bohr
ban knh r, co o ln cua momen ong lng bang: mvr = nh/2.
c) Electron ch thu vao hay phat ra bc xa khi chuyen t quy ao nay
sang quy ao khac.
d) Bc xa phat ra co bc song bang : = IE - EcI/h.
2.7 o dai song cua bc xa do nguyen t hidro phat ra tuan theo he
thc: 1/ = RH (1/n12 1/n22). Neu n1 = 1 va n2 = 4, bc xa nay ng vi
s chuyen electron:
3
a) T quy ao 4 xuong quy ao 1, bc xa thuoc day Lyman.

b) T quy ao 1 len quy ao 4, bc xa thuoc day Lyman.
c) T quy ao 1 len quy ao 4, bc xa thuoc day Balmer.
d) T quy ao 4 xuong qy ao 1, bc xa thoc day Balmer.
2.8 Bc xa co bc song cc tieu cua nguyen t Hidro phat ra khi
electron t:
a) Vo cc (n = ) ri xuong quy ao 1 (n = 1).
b) quy ao 1 len
quy ao 2.
c) Quy ao 1 len vo cc.
d). quy ao 2 xuong
quy ao 1
2.2.2 Lp vo electron theo c hoc lng t
Cac so lng t va ocbitan nguyen t
2.9 Chon phat bieu sai:
1) Cac AO lp n bao gi cung co nang lng ln hn AO lp (n1).
2) So lng t phu l xac nh dang va ten cua ocbitan nguyen t.
3) So lng t t ml co cac gia tr t n en n.
4) So lng t phu co cac gia tr t 0 en n-1.
a) Cau 1 va 2 sai.
b) Cau 1 va 3 sai.
c) Cau 1, 2 va 3 sai.
d) Cau 1, 3 va 4 sai.
2.10 Cac phat bieu sau eu ung tr:
a) So lng t chnh n co gia tr nguyen dng va gia tr toi a la
7.
b) So lng t phu l (ng vi mot gia tr cua so lng t chnh n)
luon luon nho hn n.
c) Nang lng electron va khoang cach trung bnh cua electron oi vi
hat nhan nguyen t tang theo n.
d) Cong thc 2n2 cho biet so electron toi a co the co trong lp
electron th n cua mot nguyen t trong bang he thong tuan
hoan.
2.11 So lng t chnh n va so lng t phu l lan lt xac nh:
a) S nh hng va hnh dang cua ocbitan nguyen t.
b) Hnh dang va s nh hng cua ocbitan nguyen t.
c) Nang lng cua electron va s nh hng cua ocbitan nguyen t.
d) Nang lng cua electron va hnh dang cua ocbitan nguyen t.
2.12 So lng t ml ac trng cho:
a) Dang ocbitan nguyen t
b) Kch thc ocbitan nguyen t
c) S nh hng cua ocbitan nguyen t
d) Tat ca eu ung
So lng t t ml
a) ac trng cho s nh hng cua cac AO trong khong gian.
b) Cho biet so lng AO trong mot phan lp
c) Co gia tr bao gom l , , 0 , , l.
d) ac trng cho nang lng cua cac phan lp.
a) So lng t chnh n co the nhan gia tr nguyen dng (1,2, 3) ,
xac nh nang lng electron, kch thc ocbitan nguyen t; n cang
4
ln th nang lng cua electron cang cao, kch thc ocbitan nguyen
t cang ln. Trong nguyen t a electron, nhng electron co cung
gia tr n lap nen mot lp electron va chung co cung gia tr
nang lng.
b) So lng t phu l co the nhan gia tr t 0 en n-1. So lng t
phu l xac nh hnh dang cua am may electron va nang lng
cua electron nguyen t. Nhng electron co cung gia tr n va l lap
nen mot phan lp electron va chung co nang lng nh nhau.
c) So lng t t ml co the nhan gia tr t l en +l. So lng t
t ac trng cho s nh hng cua cac ocbitan nguyen t trong
t trng.
d) So lng t spin ac trng cho thuoc tnh rieng cua electron va
ch co hai gia tr 1/2 va +1/2.
2.15 Chon cau ung: AO la:
ham song mo ta trang thai cua electron trong nguyen t c xac
nh bi ba so lng t n, l va ml.
be mat co mat o electron bang nhau cua am may electron.
quy ao chuyen ong cua electron trong nguyen t.
ac trng cho trang thai nang lng cua electron trong nguyen t.
Khoang khong gian ben trong o cac electron cua nguyen t chuyen
ong.
a) 1 va 5
b) 1 , 2 va 3
c) 1
d) ca nam cau eu
ung.
2.16 Chon phat bieu sai :
a) So lng t t ml co cac gia tr t n en n
b) So lng t phu l co cac gia tr t 0 en n 1
c) So lng t chnh n xac nh kch thc cua ocbitan nguyen t
d) So lng t phu l xac nh cau hnh va ten cua ocbitan nguyen
t
Cac quy tac xay dng lp vo electron nguyen t
2.17 Thuyet c hoc lng t cho nguyen t khong chap nhan ieu nao
trong 4 ieu sau ay (chon cau sai):
a) trang thai c ban, cac electron lan lt chiem cac mc nang
lng t thap en cao.
b) Trong mot nguyen t, co t nhat 2 electron co cung 4 so lng t.
c) So lng t phu l xac nh ten va hnh dang cua orbital nguyen t.
d) Trong moi phan lp, cac electron sap xep sao cho so electron oc
than la toi a.
2.18 S phan bo cac electron trong nguyen t Cacbon trang thai ben
la :
1s2 2s2
2p2
at c s tren:
a) Nguyen ly vng ben Paoli va quy tac Hund.
b) Nguyen ly vng ben Paoli, nguyen ly ngoai tr Paoli, quy tac
Hund va quy tac Cleskovxki
c) Nguyen ly vng ben Paoli, nguyen ly ngoai tr Paoli va quy tac
Hund.
5
d) Cac quy tac Hund va Cleskovxki.

2.19 Trang thai cua electron lp ngoai cung trong nguyen t co Z =
30 c ac trng bang cac so lng t:
a) n = 3, l = 2, ml = -2, ms = +1/2
b) n = 4, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = +1/2 va
-1/2
c) n = 3, l = 2, ml = +2, ms = -1/2
d) n = 4, l = 0, ml = 1, ms = +1/2 va
-1/2
2.20 Nhng bo ba so lng t nao di ay la nhng bo c chap
nhan:
1) n = 4, l = 3, ml= -3
2) n = 4, l = 2, ml= +3
3) n = 4, l = 1, ml= 0
4) n = 4, l = 0, ml= 0
a) 1,3,4
b) 1,4
c) 2,3,4
d) 3,4
2.21 Chon tat ca cac bo ba so lng t c chap nhan trong cac bo
sau:
1) n = 4, l = 3, ml = -3
2) n = 4, l = 2, ml = +3
3) n = 4, l = 1, ml = 2
4) n = 4, l = 0, ml = 0
a) 1,3,4
b) 1,4
c) 2,3,4
d) 3,4
2.22 Ten cac ocbitan ng vi n = 5, l = 2; n= 4, l = 3; n =3, l = 0 lan lt
la:
a) 5d, 4f, 3s
b) 5p, 4d, 3s
c) 5s, 4d, 3p
d) 5d, 4p,
3s
2.23 Ocbitan 3px c xac nh bi cac so lng t sau
a) ch can n , l , m
b) Ch can n , m
c) Ch can l , m
d) n , l , m , s
2.24 Trong cac nguyen t va ion sau, tieu phan nao co cau hnh
electron lp ngoai cung la 3s23p6
a) X (Z = 17)
b) X ( Z = 19) c) X- ( Z = 17)
d) X+ ( Z = 20)
2.25 Cho biet so electron toi a va so lng t chnh n cua cac lp
lng t L va N:
a) lp L :18 e, n = 3; lp N : 32 e, n = 4
b) lp L : 8 e, n = 2; lp N : 32 e, n = 4
c) lp L : 8 e, n = 2; lp N : 18 e, n = 3
d) lp L : 18 e, n = 3; lp N : 32 e, n = 5
2.26 Electron cuoi cua nguyen t S (Z = 16) co bo cac so lng t sau
(quy c electron ien vao cac ocbitan theo th t ml t +l en l)
a) n = 3, l = 2, ml = -2, ms = +1/2
b) n = 3, l = 2, ml = +2, ms = -1/2
c) n = 3, l = 1, ml = -1, ms = +1/2
d) n = 3, l = 1, ml = +1, ms = -1/2
2.27 Chon so lng t t (ml) thch hp cho mot electron trong mot
nguyen t co so lng t chnh bang 4, so lng t ocbitan bang
2 va so lng t spin bang 1/2.
a) -2
b) 3
c) -3
d) -4
2.28 Cau hnh electron hoa tr cua ion Co3+ ( Z = 27 ) trang thai bnh
thng la:
a) 3d6 (khong co electron oc than)
b) 3d44s2 ( co electron
oc
than)
c) 3d6 (co electron oc than)
d) 3d44s2 ( khong co electron
oc than)
6
2.29 Xac nh cau hnh electron hoa tr cua nguyen to co so th t

trong bang he thong tuan hoan la 47.
a) 4d105s2 5p1
b) 4d95s2
c) 4d105s1
d) 4d10.
3+
2.30 Cau hnh electron hoa tr cua ion Fe (Z= 26) trang thai bnh
thng la:
a) 3d44s1
b) 3d34s2 c) 3d6
d) 3d5
2.31 Cong thc electron cua Cu2+ trang thai bnh thng la:
a) 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s0
b) 1s22s22p63s23p63d74s2
2 s2
6
2
6
8
1
c) 1s 2 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s
d) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s0
2.32 Ocbitan 1s cua nguyen t H co dang hnh cau, ngha la:
a) Xac suat gap electron 1s cua H giong nhau theo moi hng trong
khong gian.
b) Khoang cach cua electron 1s en nhan H luon luon khong oi.
c) electron 1s ch di chuyen tai vung khong gian ben trong hnh cau
ay.
d) Ca 3 y eu ung.
2.33 Chon phat bieu ung. Trong cung mot nguyen t
1) ocbitan 2s co kch thc ln hn ocbitan 1s.
2) nang lng cua electron tren AO 2s ln hn nang lng cua electron
tren AO 1s.
3) xac suat gap electron cua AO 2px ln nhat tren truc x.
4) nang lng cua electron tren AO 2pz ln hn nang lng cua electron
tren AO 2px
a) Ch co cac cau 1 , 2 , 3 ung.
b) Ca 4 cau eu ung.
c) Ch co cac cau 2 , 3 , 4 ung.
d) ch co cac cau 3 , 4
ung.
2.34 Cac electron co cung so lng t chnh chu tac dung chan yeu
nhat la:
a )Cac electron f
b) Cac electron s
c) Cac electron p
d) Cac electron d
CHNG 3: NH LUAT TUAN HOAN, HE THONG TUAN HOAN CAC
NGUYEN TO HOA HOC
VA CAU TAO NGUYEN T
3. 1 Cau truc electron cua nguyen t va he thong tuan hoan cac nguyen to
3.1 Hay chon trong cac phat bieu di ay co phat bieu nao sai :
1) ien tch hat nhan nguyen t cua bat k nguyen to nao ve tr
so bang so th t cua nguyen to o trong bang he thong
tuan hoan.
2) Tnh chat cua n chat, thanh phan va tnh chat cac hp chat
bien thien tuan hoan theo chieu tang cua ien tch hat nhan.
3) Trong bang he thong tuan hoan, phan nhom VIIIB cha phai la
phan nhom cha nhieu nguyen to nhat.
4) Chu k la mot day cac nguyen to, m au la mot kim loai
kiem va ket thuc la mot kh hiem.
a) 1
b) 3
c) 2
d) Khong co phat bieu nao sai
3.2 Chon phat bieu sai sau ay ve bang he thong tuan hoan cac
nguyen to hoa hoc:
a) Cac nguyen to cung 1 phan nhom chnh co tnh chat tng t
nhau.
7
b) Cac nguyen to trong cung chu ky co tnh chat tng t nhau.

c) Cac nguyen to trong cung mot phan nhom chnh co tnh kh
tang dan t tren xuong.
d) Cac nguyen to trong bang he thong tuan hoan c sap xep
theo th t tang dan ien tch hat nhan cac nguyen to.
3.3 Chon cau ung:
"So th t cua phan nhom bang tong so electron lp ngoai cung".
Quy tac nay:
a) ung vi moi phan nhom.
b) Sai vi moi phan nhom.
c) ung vi cac phan nhom chnh, tr Hidro phan nhom 7A va
Heli.
d) ung vi cac phan nhom phu tr phan nhom VIIIB.
3.4 Trong chu k 4, nguyen to nao trang thai c ban co 3 electron oc
than:
a) V, Ni, As
b) V, Co, Br
c) V, Co, As
d) Mn, Co, As
3.5 V tr trong bang he thong tuan hoan cua nguyen to co cau hnh
electron 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2 la:
a) chu k 4, phan nhom VIIB, o 23
b) chu k 4, phan nhom VIIB, o
25
c) chu k 4, phan nhom VIIA, o 25
c) chu k 4, phan nhom VB, o 25
3.6 Fe (Z = 26), Co (Z = 27) va Ni (Z = 28) thuoc phan nhom VIIIB nen co:
a) Cau hnh electron hoa tr giong nhau.
b) So electron hoa tr bang so th t nhom.
c) So electron cua lp electron ngoai cung giong nhau.
d) So electron hoa tr giong nhau.
3.7 Chon phat bieu sai ve cac nguyen to phan nhom VIA :
a) Co the co so Oxy hoa cao nhat la +6.
b) So Oxy hoa am thap nhat cua chung la -2.
c) a so cac nguyen to la kim loai.
d) Cau hnh e lp ngoai cung la ns2np4.
3.8 Chon phat bieu ung. Cau hnh electron cua hai nguyen to thuoc
phan nhom VIB va VIA cua chu k 4 lan lt la:
1) 1s22s22p63s23p63d44s2
2) 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1
2
2
6
2
6
10
2
4
3) 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p
4) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s14p5
a) 1, 3
b) 2, 3
c)1, 4
d) 2, 4
3.9 Chon phat bieu ung. Nguyen to nao di ay khong thuoc ho d:
a) Sn ( Z = 50
b) V ( Z = 23 )
c) Pd ( Z = 46 )
d) Zn ( Z = 30 )
)
3.10 Da vao cau hnh electron ngoai cung la 4d 105s2, hay xac nh v
tr cua nguyen to trong bang he thong tuan hoan :
a) Chu k 5 , phan nhom IIA , o 50
b) Chu k 4, phan nhom IIB ,
o 48
c) Chu k 5, phan nhom IIB, o 48
d) Chu k 5, phan nhom IIB , o
50
3.11 Chon phat bieu ung. Cac electron hoa tr cua:
a)nguyen t Br (Z = 35) la 4s24p5
b) Nguyen t Sn (Z = 50) la
3d24s1
8
c) Nguyen t Ti (Z = 22) la 5s2

d) Nguyen t Sr (Z = 38)
la 4d105s2
3.12 Cho cac nguyen to: Ca (Z = 20), Fe (Z = 26), Cd (Z = 48), La (Z = 57),
cac ion co cau hnh lp vo electron giong cac kh tr gan no
la:
a) Ca2+, Cd2+
c) Ca2+, Cd2+
b) La3+, Fe3+
d) Ca2+, La3+
3.13 Chon phat bieu ung:
a) So Oxy hoa dng cc ai cua mot nguyen to luon bang vi so
th t cua phan nhom cua nguyen to o.
b) So Oxy hoa dng cc ai luon bang vi so electron lp ngoai cung
cua nguyen to o.
c) So Oxy hoa dng cc ai luon bang so electron tren cac phan lp
hoa tr cua nguyen to o.
d) So Oxy hoa dng cc ai cua cac nguyen to phan nhom VA bang
+5.
3.14 Nguyen to co cau hnh lp ngoai cung la 3d54s1 co v tr trong
bang he thong tuan hoan va cac tnh chat ac trng nh sau:
a) Chu k 4, phan nhom VIB , o 24 , phi kim loai, so oxy hoa dng cao
nhat 6+.
b) Chu k 4, phan nhom VIB , o 24, kim loai, so oxy hoa dng cao
nhat 6+, so oxy hoa am thap nhat 1-.
c) Chu k 4, phan nhom VIB, o 24, kim loai, so oxy hoa dng cao
nhat 6+.
d) Chu k 4, phan nhom VB, o 24, kim loai, so oxy hoa dng cao
nhat 6+.
3.15 Phan nhom co o am ien ln nhat trong bang he thong tuan
hoan la :
a) Phan nhom IIIA
b) Phan nhom VIIA
c) Phan nhom VIA
d) Phan nhom IA
3.16 Nguyen to A co cau hnh electron phan lp cuoi cung la 4p 3. A
phai:
a) thuoc phan nhom IIIA, co so oxy hoa dng cao nhat +3 va khong
co so oxy hoa am.
b) thuoc phan nhom IIIB, co so oxy hoa dng cao nhat +3 va co
so oxy hoa am thap nhat -3.
c) thuoc phan nhom VB, co so oxy hoa dng cao nhat +5 va co so
oxy hoa am thap nhat -3.
d) thuoc phan nhom VA, co so oxy hoa dng cao nhat +5 va co so
oxy hoa am thap nhat -3.
3.17 Nguyen t co cau hnh lp electron lp ngoai cung la 4s2 co v tr
a) phan nhom IIA.
b) Co tnh kim loai manh.
c) Co so oxi hoa +2 la ben d) Ca 3 ap an tren eu
nhat.
cha chac ung.
3.18 Chon trng hp ung:
Nguyen to A chu ky IV, phan nhom VIA. Nguyen to A co:
a) Z = 34, la phi kim.
b) Z = 24, la kim loai.
c) Z = 24, la phi kim.
d) Z = 34, la kim loai.
9
Nguyen to B chu ky IV, phan nhom VIIB . Nguyen to B co:

a) Z = 25 , la kim loai.
b) Z = 24, la kim loai.
c) Z = 26, la phi kim loai.
d) Z = 25, la phi kim loai.
3.2 S thay oi tnh chat cua cac nguyen to trong he thong tuan hoan
3.20 Trong cac phat bieu di ay, phat bieu nao sai.
Trong cung mot chu ky theo th t t trai qua phai, ta co :
1) So lp electron tang dan .
2) Tnh phi kim loai giam dan.
3) Tnh kim loai tang dan.
4) Tnh phi kim loai tang dan.
a) 1,2,4
b) 4
c) 1
d) 1,2,3
3.21 Chon phat bieu sai.
a) Trong mot phan nhom chnh, o am ien giam dan t tren
xuong di.
b) Trong mot phan nhom phu, ban knh nguyen t tang eu t tren
xuong di.
c) Trong mot chu k nho (tr kh hiem), ban knh nguyen t giam
dan t trai qua phai.
d) Tnh kim loai giam dan, tnh phi kim loai tang dan t trai qua phai
trong mot chu k nho (tr kh hiem).
3.22 Trong mot phan nhom chnh cua he thong tuan hoan, tnh oxy hoa
cua nguyen to khi i t tren xuong di bien thien theo chieu:
a) Tang dan.
b) Giam dan.
c) Khong oi.
d) Khong
xac nh c.
3.23 Trong mot phan nhom phu cua he thong tuan hoan, tnh kim loai
cua cac nguyen to khi i t tren xuong di bien oi nh sau:
a) Khong
b) Tang
c) Giam
d) Khong xac
oi.
dan.
dan.
nh c.
a) Trong cung chu ky, ban knh nguyen t thuoc phan nhom chnh
tang dan t au en cuoi chu ky.
b) Trong mot chu ky ngan, o am ien tang dan t trai qua phai.
c) Cac nguyen to nhom IA de dang nhan them 1 e e tao anion.
d) Trong bang he thong tuan hoan, chu ky III a co phan nhom phu.
3.25 Ban knh ion cua cac nguyen to phan nhom VIA ln hn ban knh
ion ang electron cua cac nguyen to phan nhom VIIA ( cung chu k) do
cac nguyen to phan nhom VIA co:
a) Khoi lng nguyen t nho hn.
b) ien tch hat nhan nguyen
t nho hn.
c) Ai lc electron nho hn.
d) o am ien nho hn.

a) Ban knh ion luon nho hn ban knh nguyen t.
b) Cac ion cua nhng nguyen to nam trong cung mot chu ky th co
ban knh bang nhau.
c) Trong chuoi ion ang electron (cac ion co so electron bang nhau), ion
co so oxy hoa ln hn co kch thc nho hn.
d) Trong mot chu ky, khi i t trai sang phai, ban knh cua nguyen to
ng sau luon nho hn ban knh cua nguyen to ng trc.
3.27 Chon phat bieu ung. Day nguyen t Ca (Z = 20), Al (Z = 13), P (Z =
15), K (Z = 19) co ban knh R tang dan theo day :
a) RP < RAl < RCa < RK
b) RP < RAl < RK < RCa
10
c) RAl < RP < RK < RCa

d) RK < RCa < RP < RAl
3.28 Nang lng ion hoa cua nguyen t hydro la nang lng phai cung
cap e a electron t:
a) Tang 1 ( n = 1) len tang 2
b) Tang 1 len tang 7
c) Tang 1 ra vo cc
d) T vo cc xuong tang 1
3.29 Chon cau sai. S thay oi nang lng ion hoa th nhat (I 1) cua cac
nguyen to trong cac phan nhom theo chieu tang so th t
nguyen to c giai thch nh sau:
a) Trong phan nhom chnh, I1 giam do s tang hieu ng chan.
b) Trong phan nhom phu, I1 tang do s tang ien tch hat nhan va
hieu ng xam nhap cua cac electron ns.
c) Trong phan nhom phu, I1 giam do s giam hieu ng xam nhap
cua cac electron ns.
d) Trong phan nhom chnh, I1 giam do s tang kch thc nguyen t.
So sanh nang lng ion hoa th nhat I1 cua N (Z = 7) va O (Z = 8):
a) I1(N) < I1(O) v trong mot chu ky, khi i t trai sang phai I1 tang dan.
b) I1(N) > I1(O) v N co cau hnh ban bao hoa phan lp 2p.
c) I1(N) I1(O) v electron cuoi cung cua N va O cung thuoc phan lp
2p.
d) Khong so sanh c.
3.31 Cho cac nguyen to hoa hoc sau: Ne ( Z = 10), Na (Z = 11) va Mg ( Z =
12) . Chon phat bieu ung:
a) I1 (nang lng ion hoa th nhat) cua Mg nho hn I1 cua cua Ne.
b) I1 cua Mg nho hn I1 cua Na.
c) I2 ( nang lng ion hoa th hai) cua Na nho hn I2 cua Ne.
d) I2 cua Mg ln hn I2 cua Na.
3.32 Chon trng hp ung. Nang lng ion hoa th nhat (I 1) cua cac
nguyen to co cau truc electron: 1s 22s22p4 (1) , 1s22s22p3 (2), 1s22s22p6
(3) va 1s22s22p63s1 (4) tang theo chieu:
a) 1 2 3 4
b) 3 2 1 4
c) 4 1 2 3
d) 4 3 2 1
3.33 Chon cau ung. Ai lc electron cua nguyen to:
a) la nang lng phat ra (-) hay thu vao (+) khi ket hp electron vao
nguyen t the kh khong b kch thch.
b) la nang lng can tieu ton e ket hp them electron vao
nguyen t trung hoa.
c) tang eu an trong mot chu k t trai qua phai.
d) co tr so bang nang lng ion hoa th nhat ( I 1) cua nguyen to
o.
a) o am ien cua mot kim loai ln hn o am ien cua mot phi
kim loai.
b) Trong mot phan nhom chnh, o am ien tang dan t tren
xuong di.
c) Trong mot chu k, kim loai kiem co o am ien nho nhat.
d) S sai biet gia hai o am ien cua A va B cang ln th lien ket
A B cang t phan cc.
11
3.35 Da vao o am ien:

Nguyen
H
C
N
O
to
o am
2,1
2,5
3,0
3,5
ien
Trong 4 noi cong hoa tr n sau, noi nao b phan cc nhat?
a) C H
b) N H
c) O H
d) C O
CHNG 4: LIEN KET HOA HOC VA CAU TAO PHAN T
4.1 nang lng lien ket, o dai lien ket, goc hoa tr
4.1 Chon cau sai. Lien ket Cl O trong day cac ion ClO -, ClO2-, ClO3-va ClO4co o dai tng ng : 1,7; 1,64; 1,57 va 1,42 A 0. T ay suy ra theo
day ion a cho:
a) o ben ion tang dan
b) Nang lng lien ket tang
dan.
c) Tnh ben cua cac ion giam dan.
d) Bac lien ket tang dan.
1) o dai lien ket la khoang cach gia hai hat nhan nguyen t
trong lien ket (n v angstrom ).
2) Nang lng lien ket la nang lng can tieu ton e pha v lien
ket (n v J/mol hay cal/mol)
3) Goc hoa tr la mot ai lng ac trng cho tat ca cac loai phan
t.
4) Moi loai lien ket hoa hoc eu co ban chat ien.
5) o phan cc mot phan t bang tong o phan cc cua cac
lien ket co trong phan t o.
a) 1, 3, 5
b) 3,5
c) 3, 4, 5
d) khong co phat bieu nao
sai.
4.2 Lien ket ion
4.3 Chon cau sai trong cac phat bieu sau ve hp chat ion:
a) Nhiet o nong chay
b) Phan ly thanh ion khi tan
cao.
trong nc.
c) Dan ien trang thai
d) Dan ien trang thai
tinh the.
nong chay.
4.4 Lien ket ion co cac ac trng c ban khac vi lien ket cong hoa
tr la:
a)Tnh khong bao hoa va khong b) Co o khong phan cc cao
nh hng.
hn.
c) Co mat trong a so hp chat d) Cau a va b eu ung.
hoa hoc.
4.3 Lien ket cong hoa tr
4.3.1 Phng phap lien ket hoa tr (VB)
4.5 Cong hoa tr cc ai cua nguyen to c quyet nh bi:
a) So ocbitan nguyen t hoa tr.
b) So electron
hoa tr.
c) So electron hoa tr oc than trang thai kch thch.
d) Tat ca
eu ung
4.6 Hp chat nao di ay co kha nang nh hp:
12
a) NO2 b) SO2
c) O3
d) CO2
a) Lien ket cong hoa tr kieu la kieu lien ket cong hoa tr
ben nhat.
b) Lien ket cong hoa tr c hnh thanh tren 2 c che: Cho nhan
va ghep oi.
c) Lien ket la lien ket c hnh thanh tren c s s che phu
cua cac orbital nguyen t nam tren truc noi 2 hat nhan.
d) S nh hng cua lien ket cong hoa tr c quyet nh bi
s lai hoa cua nguyen t trung tam tham gia tao lien ket.
4.8 Chon phat bieu sai. Theo l thuyet lien ket hoa tr (VB):
a) Lien ket cong hoa tr hnh thanh do s ket oi cua 2 electron co
spin trai dau, ay co s phu cua hai ocbitan nguyen t.
b) Lien ket cong hoa tr cang ben khi mc o phu cua cac ocbitan
nguyen t cang ln.
c) So lien ket cong hoa tr cua mot nguyen t trong mot phan t
bang so ocbitan hoa tr cua no tham gia che phu.
d) Nit co 5 lien ket cong hoa tr trong hp chat HNO3.
a a) Lien ket cong hoa tr nh cho la lien ket hai electron nhieu tam.
b b) Lien ket cong hoa tr luon co tnh phan cc manh.
c) Lien ket cong hoa tr nh cho la lien ket hai electron hai tam.
c d) Trong lien ket cong hoa tr cac electron la cua chung phan t va
chung luon to hp vi nhau thanh cac orbital phan t.
4.10 Theo thuyet lien ket hoa tr (thuyet VB), so electron hoa tr cua N
va so lien ket cong hoa tr toi a ma N co the tao thanh trong cac
hp chat cua no lan lt la:
a) 3, 3
b) 5, 4
c) 5, 5
d) 5,
3
4.3.2 Thuyet lai hoa va cau hnh phan t
4.11 Theo thuyet lai hoa, cac orbital tham gia lai hoa can phai co cac
ieu kien:
a a) Cac orbital giong nhau hoan toan ve nang lng.
b) Cac orbital co hnh dang hoan toan giong nhau.
c) Cac orbital co nang lng gan nhau va co mat o electron u
ln.
d) Cac orbital lai hoa luon nhan tat ca cac truc toa o lam truc
oi xng.
4.12 Chon phat bieu ung :
Theo thuyet lai hoa cac orbitan nguyen t ta co:
a) S lai hoa thng khong co lien he en hnh hoc phan t.
b) Lai hoa sp c thc hien do s to hp mot orbitan s va mot
orbitan p (cua cung mot nguyen t) , ket qua xuat hien 2 orbitan
lai hoa sp phan bo oi xng di mot goc 1800.
c) Lai hoa sp2 c thc hien do s to hp mot orbitan s va 2 orbitan p
(cua cung mot nguyen to) , ket qua xuat hien 3 orbitan lai hoa
sp2 phan bo oi xng di mot goc 109,280.
13
d) Lai hoa sp3 c thc hien do s to hp mot orbitan s va 3 orbitan p

(cua cung mot nguyen to) , ket qua xuat hien 4 orbitan lai hoa
sp3 phan bo oi xng di mot goc 1200.
4.13 S lai hoa sp3 cua nguyen t trung tam trong day ion: SiO 44- - PO43- SO42- - ClO4- giam dan do:
a) S chenh lech nang lng gia cac phan lp electron 3s va 3p
tang dan.
b) Kch thc cac nguyen t trung tam tham gia lai hoa tang dan.
c) Nang lng cac ocbitan nguyen t (AO) tham gia lai hoa tang dan.
d) Tat ca eu sai
4.14 Bon orbital lai hoa sp3 cua phan t CH4 co ac iem:
a) Hnh dang giong nhau nhng nang lng va nh hng khong
gian khac nhau.
b) Hnh dang va nang lng giong nhau nhng nh hng khong
gian khac nhau.
c) Hnh dang, nang lng va nh hng khong gian hoan toan
giong nhau vi goc lai hoa la 109o28.
d) Nang lng bang nhau, hnh dang va nh hng khong gian
khac nhau.
4.15 Trong ion NH2-, kieu lai hoa cua nguyen t nit va dang hnh hoc cua
ion NH2- la:
a) sp3 va goc
b) sp2 va tam giac phang
c) sp va thang hang
d) sp2 va goc
4.16 Cho biet Nit trong phan t NF3 trang thai lai hoa sp3, vay phan
t NF3 co ac iem :
a) Cau hnh tam giac phang, goc hoa tr 120o
b) Cau hnh t dien, goc hoa tr 109o28.
c) Cau hnh thap, phan cc.
d) Cau hnh thap, khong co cc.
4.17 Trong cac tieu phan sau, tieu phan co cau truc t dien eu la:
a) NH4+
b) SF4
c) XeF4
d) SO2Cl2
Biet N (Z=7), S (Z=16), Xe (Z=54)
4.18 Chon phat bieu ung ve cau hnh phan t NH3:
a) Cau hnh tam giac phang, b) Cau hnh t dien eu,
phan cc.
phan cc
c) Cau hnh tam giac phang, d) Cau hnh thap tam giac,
khong phan cc.
phan cc.
4.19 Trang thai lai hoa cua cac nguyen t C theo th t t trai qua
phai cua phan t CH2 = C = CH CH3 la:
a) sp2 ,sp , sp2 , sp3
b) sp , sp2 , sp2 , sp3
2
2
2
3
c) sp , sp , sp , sp
d) sp2 , sp , sp2 , sp
4.20 Chon phat bieu ung. Phan t CH3 CH2 CH3 co ac iem:
a) 3 nguyen t C eu khong lai hoa.
b) 3 nguyen t C eu lai
hoa sp2
c) 3 nguyen t C eu lai hoa sp.
d) 3 nguyen t C eu lai hoa
sp3
4.21 Sap xep cac hp chat cong hoa tr sau theo chieu tang dan goc
lien ket:
1. CH4
2. NH3
3. H2O
14
a) 1, 2, 3
b) 2,1, 3
c) 3, 2,1
d) 3, 1, 2
a) CO2 va SO2 eu co cau truc thang hang.
b) CH4 va NH4+ eu co cau truc t dien eu.
c) CO32- va SO32- eu co cau truc phang.
d) H2O va BeCl2 eu co cau truc goc.
4.23 Phan t SO2 co goc hoa tr OSO = 119 05 co cac ac iem cau
tao la:
a) Dang goc, bac lien ket 1,33, co lien ket khong nh cho 3
tam.
b) Dang goc, bac lien ket 1,5, co lien ket khong nh cho 3 tam.
c) Dang tam giac, bac lien ket 1, khong co lien ket .
d) Dang goc, bac lien ket 2, co lien ket 2 tam.
4.24 Nhng phan t nao trong so cac phan t sau ay co momen
lng cc bang khong? H2 , H2S , CO2 , NH3 , H2O , SO2 (cho biet H (Z =
1), C (Z = 6) , O (Z = 8) , N (Z = 7) va S (Z = 16))
a) H2 , H2S
b) CO2 , NH3
c) H2O , SO2
d) H2, CO2
4.3.3 Thuyet ocbitan phan t (MO)
4.25 Chon phat bieu ung theo phng phap MO:
1) Phng phap Ocbitan phan t cho rang trong phan t khong con ton
tai ocbitan nguyen t, thay vao ay la cac ocbitan phan t.
2) Phan t la to hp thong nhat cua cac hat nhan nguyen t va
e, trang thai e c ac trng bang ham so song phan t.
3) Cac e cua cac nguyen t ch chu lc tac dung cua hat nhan
nguyen t o.
4) Cac orbital phan t c tao thanh do s to hp tuyen tnh cac
orbital nguyen t, so MO tao thanh bang so AO tham gia to hp.
a) 1,2 va 3
b)1,2 va 4
c) 2 va 4 d) 1 va 2
4.26 Chon phat bieu sai ve phng phap MO
a) Cac electron trong phan t chu anh hng cua tat ca cac hat
nhan nguyen t trong phan t.
b) Cac electron phan bo trong phan t theo cac quy tac nh trong
nguyen t a electron (tr quy tac Cleskovxki).
c) MO lien ket co nang lng ln hn AO ban au.
d) Ngoai MO lien ket va phan lien ket con co MO khong lien ket.
4.27 Da theo thuyet ocbitan phan t (MO) trong cac phan t H 2, H2- va
H22- phan t nao co lien ket ben nhat, phan t nao thuan t,
phan t nao khong ton tai (cho ket qua theo th t tren)
a) H2, H22-, H2b) H2, H2-, H22c) H22-, H2-, H2
d) H2-, H2, H224.28 Biet ien tch hat nhan cua Be, F, N va Li lan lt la 4, 9, 7 va 3.
Phan t nao khong ton tai trong thc te?
a) N2
b) Li2
c) Be2
d) F2
4.29 Chon cau ung. S them electron vao ocbitan phan t phan lien
ket dan en he qua:
a) Giam o dai va tang nang lng lien ket.
b) Tang o dai va giam nang lng lien ket.
c) Giam o dai va giam nang lng lien ket.
15
d) Tang o dai va tang nang lng lien ket.

4.30 So sanh bac lien ket trong N2, CO va CN-:
a) Trong CO ln b) Trong CN- ln c) Trong N2 ln d) Bang nhau
nhat
nhat
nhat
4.31 o dai lien ket trong cac tieu phan NO, NO + va NO- tang dan theo
th t:
a) NO < NO- < NO+ b) NO+ < NO < NO- c) NO- < NO < NO+ d) NO < NO+ < NO-

o ben lien ket trong cac tieu phan NO, NO+, NO- tang dan theo th
t:
a) NO < NO+ < NO- b) NO < NO- < NO+ c) NO- < NO < NO+ d) NO+ < NO < NO4.33 Theo thuyet MO, bac len ket cua CO, CN- va NO+ lan lt la:
a) 1 ; 2 ; 3.
b) bang nhau va bang 3.
c) 2 ; 2,5 ; 3
d) Bang nhau va bang 2 .
4.34 Biet cacbon co Z bang 6 va Nit co Z bang 7. Cau hnh electron cua
ion CN- la:(z la truc lien ket)
a) (s)2(s*)2(z)2(x,y)4
b) (s)2(s*)2 (x)2 (z)2(y)2
c) (s)2(s*)2 (x,y)4 (z )2
d) (s)2(s*)2 (x,y)4 (z )1(x*)1
4.35 Chon phat bieu ung. Theo phng phap obitan phan t, cau hnh
electron phan t BN la (z la truc lien ket ):
a) (slk)2(s*)2(xlk)2(ylk)1(zlk)1
b) (slk)2(xlk)2 (s*)2 (ylk)2
c) (xlk)2(ylk)2(slk)2(s*)2
d) (slk)2(s*)2(zlk)2 (xlk)1(ylk)1
4.36 Chon phat bieu chnh xac:
a) O2 co bac lien ket be hn
b) Nang lng lien ket cua
O2+
O2+ ln hn O2.
c) Lien ket O2 co o dai ln
d) Cac phat bieu tren eu
hn O2+
ung
4.4 S phan cc va s b phan cc cua ion
4.37 Sap cac cation Na+ , Al3+, Cs+ va Mg2+ theo s tang dan o phan cc
cua chung :
a) Na+ < Cs+ < Mg2+ < Al3+
b) Cs+ < Na+ < Mg2+ < Al3+
c) Al3+ < Mg2+ < Na+ < Cs+
d) Mg2+ < Al3+ < Na+ < Cs+
4. 38 Sap xep cac hp chat VCl3, VCl2, VCl4 va VCl5 theo s tang dan tnh
cong hoa tr cua lien ket
a) VCl2 < VCl3 < VCl4 < VCl5
b) VCl5 < VCl4 < VCl3 < VCl2
b) VCl3 < VCl4 < VCl2 < VCl5
d) VCl4 < VCl2 < VCl3 < VCl5
4.39 Hay sap xep cac phan t sau ay theo chieu tang dan o b
phan cc cua ion am:
1. NaF
2. NaCl
3. NaBr
4. NaI
a) NaF , NaBr , NaI , NaCl
b) NaI , NaBr , NaCl , NaF
c) NaF , NaCl , NaBr , NaI
d) NaF , NaCl , NaI , NaBr
4.5 Cac loai lien ket khac
4.40 Trong cac chat sau: HF, NH3 va H2S chat nao co lien ket hydro
a) Ch co HF
b) Ch co NH3
c) HF, NH3
d) ca ba chat
a) Lien ket gia hai phi kim loai luon luon la lien ket cong hoa tr.
b) Lien ket gia hai kim loai la lien ket ion.
16
c) Lien ket gia kim loai va phi kim loai luon luon la lien ket ion.
d) Hp chat nao co cha O va N eu cho c lien ket hydro.
a) Hp chat co cha F, O luon luon cho lien ket hydro
b) Lien ket hydro lien phan t lam tang nhiet o soi cua hp
chat.
c) Hp chat tao c lien ket hydro vi nc luon luon hoa tan vi
nc theo bat k t le nao.
d) Lien ket hydro ch co khi hp chat the ran.
4.43 Theo thuyet mien nang lng kim cng khong dan ien v:
a) Trong tinh the kim cng mien hoa tr c ien ay electron, con
mien cam co ln hn 3 eV.
b) Co mien cam gia mien hoa tr va mien dan cua kim cng.
c) Lien ket gia cac nguyen t C trong tinh the kim cng la lien
ket cong hoa tr ben vng.
d) S che phu cap oi gia cac ON lai hoa sp 3 cua cac nguyen t C
lam cho mien hoa tr cua kim cng bao hoa.
4.6 Anh hng cua ban chat lien ket va cau truc phan t en cac tnh
chat vat l cua cac chat
a) I2 ran de thang hoa v I2 co mang tinh the cong hoa tr.
b) NaCl kho nong chay v NaCl co mang tinh the ion.
c) Kim cng rat kho nong chay v kim cng co mang tinh the cong
hoa tr.
d) ong dan ien rat tot v ong co mang tinh the kim loai.
a) Cacbon graphit khong dan ien v no la mot phi kim loai.
b) Tinh the NaCl dan ien v no co cha cac ion.
c) Kim cng khong dan ien v vung cam co nang lng ln hn 3eV.
d) Chat ban dan la chat co mien dan va mien hoa tr che phu
nhau.
4.46 Trong cac kh CO2, SO2, NH3 va He, kh kho hoa long nhat la:
a) He
b) CO2
c) NH3
d) SO2
4.47 Sap cac chat sau NH3, H2S va H2O theo th t nhiet o soi tang
dan:
a) H2S < H2O < NH3 b) H2S < NH3 < c) NH3 < H2S < H2O d) NH3 < H2O < H2S
H2O
4.48 Cac chat HCl, HBr, H2 va BaCl2 co nhiet o soi giam dan trong day:
a) HCl > BaCl2 > HBr > H2
b) H2 > HCl > BaCl2 > HBr
c) HCl > HBr > BaCl2 > H2
d) BaCl2 > HBr > HCl > H2
4.49 Trong day H2O, H2S, H2Se, H2Te, (O, S, Se, Te co cau hnh electron hoa tr
lan lt la 2s22p4 , 3s23p4, 4s24p4, 5s25p4), nhiet o soi cac chat bien
thien nh sau:
a) Tang dan t H2O en H2Te
b) Giam dan t H2O en H2Te
17
c) Nhiet o soi cua H2O > H2S < H2Se < H2Te (nhiet o soi cua H2S
thap nhat)
d) Nhiet o soi cua H2O < H2S > H2Se > H2Te (nhiet o soi cua H2S cao
nhat)
4.50 CaCl2 va CdCl2 eu la cac hp chat ion. Cac ion Ca 2+ (lp vo e
ngoai cung 3s23p6) va Cd2+ (lp vo e ngoai cung 4s 24p64d10) co kch
thc xap x nhau. Chon phat bieu ung:
a) Nhiet o nong chay cua hai hp chat xap x nhau v chung c
cau tao t cac ion co ien tch va kch thc xap x nhau.
b) Nhiet o nong chay cua CaCl2 ln hn cua CdCl2 v CaCl2 co tnh ion
ln hn.
c) Nhiet o nong chay cua CaCl2 nho hn cua CdCl2 v CaCl2 nhe hn
CdCl2.
d) Nhiet o nong chay cua CaCl 2 nho hn cua CdCl2 v Ca2+ co kha
nang phan cc manh hn Cd2+.
a) SO2 tan trong nc nhieu hn CO2 v SO2 co khoi lng phan t ln
hn CO2.
b) SO2 tan trong nc nhieu hn CO 2 v phan t SO2 co moment lng
cc khac khong, CO2 co moment lng cc bang khong.
c) SO2 va CO2 eu t tan trong nc v ca hai eu la hp chat cong
hoa tr ma nc ch hoa tan c cac hp chat ion.
d) SO2 va CO2 eu tan nhieu trong nc v eu co cha lien ket
phan cc.
a) Ch co hp chat ion mi tan trong nc
b) Cac hp chat cong hoa tr eu khong tan trong nc
c) Cac hp chat co nang lng mang tinh the (U) nho, kho tan trong
nc
d) Cac hp chat cong hoa tr phan t nho va tao c lien ket
hidro vi nc th tan nhieu trong nc

a) Etylamin (C2H5NH2) va ru etylic eu tan nhieu trong nc do tao
c lien ket hydro vi nc.
b) Toluen (C6H5CH3) la mot hidrocacbon nen t tan trong nc
c) C2H5-O-C2H5 la phan t phan cc nen tan nhieu hn C6H14
d) Chat tao lien ket hidro vi nc co the tan trong nc theo bat
c t le nao.
Xet cac hp chat dang H2X cua cac nguyen to phan nhom VIA: O, S,
Se, Te.
a) H2Te co nhiet o nong chay cao nhat v co khoi lng phan t
ln nhat.
b) H2O co nhiet o nong chay cao nhat v co lien ket hydrogen.
18
c) Chung co nhiet o nong chay xap x nhau v co cau truc phan

t tng t nhau.
d) Khong so sanh c v o phan cc cua chung khac nhau.
4.55 Sap cac chat sau ay: C6H14, CH3-O-CH3 va C2H5OH theo th t o tan
trong nc tang dan:
a) CH3-O-CH3 < C6H14 < C2H5OH
b) C6H14 < C2H5OH < CH3-O-CH3
c) C2H5OH < CH3-O-CH3 < C6H14
d) C6H14 < CH3-O-CH3 < C2H5OH
4.7 Cac cau hoi tong hp
4.56 Trong cac hp chat sau : AlCl 3 , BCl3 , KCl va MgCl2, hp chat nao co
tnh cong hoa tr nhieu nhat va hp chat nao co tnh ion nhieu
nhat? (Cho biet Al (Z = 13) , B (Z= 5) , K (Z = 19) , Mg (Z = 12); ap an
sap theo th t cau hoi)
a) AlCl3 ; KCl
b) BCl3
; KCl
c) KCl ; BCl3
d) MgCl2 ;
AlCl3
Trong cac loai lien ket sau, lien ket nao co nang lng lien ket
nho nhat:
a) Ion
b) Cong hoa tr
c) Van der Waals
d) Hydrogen
1) Lien ket cong hoa tr la lien ket manh nhat do o no tao ra c
cac hp chat co o cng cao nhat nh kim cng.
2) Lien ket Van Der Waals ton tai ca ben trong mot phan t hu han
(v du: C2H5OH).
3) Lien ket cong hoa tr yeu hn lien ket ion do o cac hp chat ion
co o cong hoa tr cao eu kem ben va co nhiet o nong
chay kha thap. V du: FeCl2 co nhiet o nong chay 672 oC, nhiet
o soi 1026oC, trong khi FeCl3 co nhiet o nong chay 307,5 oC va
nhiet o soi 316oC.
4)Tat ca cac loai hp chat hoa hoc c tao thanh t t nhat mot
trong ba loai lien ket manh la ion, cong hoa tr va kim loai.
a) 1 va 4
b) 1 , 2 va 4
c) 3 va 4
d) 4
4.59 Trong cac chat H2, RbF, NaCl va NH3, chat nao co % tnh ion cao
nhat, chat nao co % tnh ion thap nhat trong lien ket (cho ket qua
theo th t tren):
a) H2, RbF
b) RbF, H2
c) NaCl, NH3
d) RbF, NH3
a) So oxy hoa la mot ai lng quy c vi gia thiet nguyen t
nhan han hoac cho han electron hoa tr oc than hoac b kch
thch en trang thai oc than.
b) Cong hoa tr cc ai cua mot nguyen to bang so ocbitan hoa
tr tham gia lai hoa.
c) Lien ket ion co tnh khong bao hoa, tnh khong nh hng va
tnh co cc.
d) Lien ket cong hoa tr co cac tnh chat : nh hng, bao hoa,
co cc hoac khong co cc.
4.61 Chon cau sai trong cac phat bieu sau ve hp chat ion:
a) Co nhiet o nong chay cao.
b) Dan ien trang thai tinh the.
19
c) Phan ly thanh ion khi tan trong nc.

d) Dan ien trang thai nong chay.
4.62 Loai lien ket nao la chu yeu trong hp chat CH3OH.
a) Lien ket b) Lien ket cong c)Lien
ket d) Lien ket kim
ion.
hoa tr.
hidro.
loai.
4.63 Chon cau sai:

a) NaCl co lien ket ion
b) Ngoai lien ket ion, KCl con co lien
ket Van der Waals
c) HCl co lien ket cong hoa tr
d) NH3 co lien ket hidro lien phan
t
4.64 Chon phat bieu sai trong cac phat bieu sau:
a) Cac lien ket Hidro va Van der Waals la lien ket yeu, noi phan
t.
b) Cac lien ket cong hoa tr va ion co ban chat ien.
c) Lien ket hidro lien phan t se lam tang nhiet o soi cua
chat long.
d) Lien ket kim loai la lien ket khong nh cho.
4.65 Trong 4 hp chat sau BaF2, CaCl2, CF4, HF, hp chat ma lien ket co
tnh ion cao nhat la
a) CaCl2
b) BaF2
c) CF4
d) HF
4.66 Trong cac lien ket cong hoa tr sau H-F, H-Br, H-I, H-Cl, lien ket t b
phan cc nhat la
a) H-F
b) H-I
c) H-Cl
d) H-Br.
4.67 Nguyen to A co cau hnh e lp cuoi cung la 2s2 2p6 . Chon phat
bieu sai:
a) A la nguyen to tr ve mat hoa hoc ieu kien kh quyen.
b) A la chat ran ieu kien thng.
c) A chu ky 2 va phan nhom VIII A.
d) La nguyen to cuoi cung cua chu ky 2.
1) Lc tng tac Van der Waals gia cac phan t trung hoa c giai
thch bang ba hieu ng: Hieu ng nh hng, hieu ng cam
ng va hieu ng khuyech tan.
2) o am ien khong phai la mot hang so nguyen t ma phu
thuoc nhieu yeu to nh trang thai hoa tr, so oxy hoa cua
nguyen t, thanh phan cua cac hp chat cho nen, mot cach
chat che ta phai noi o am ien cua mot nguyen to trong
nhng ieu kien cu the xac nh.
3) Do co lien ket hydro nen nc a co cau truc ac biet, tng
oi xop nen ty khoi nho, nen nc a nhe hn nc long.
a) 2
b) 1, 2
c) 1, 3
d) ca ba cau eu ung.
4.69 Ngc lai vi NaCl, LiI tan nhieu trong ru, tan t trong nc, nhiet o
nong chay thap. L do la v:
a) Lien ket trong phan t LiI mang nhieu ac tnh cong hoa tr, trai
lai lien ket trong phan t NaCl mang nhieu ac tnh ion.
b) Ion Li+ co ban knh nho hn ion Na +, trong khi ion I- co ban knh ln
hn ion Cl-.
c) Nang lng mang li tinh the LiI ln hn nang lng mang li
tinh the NaCl.
20
d) Ca hai l do a va b eu ung.
AP AN PHAN 1: CAU TAO CHAT

Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
2.1
d
2.11
d
2.21
b
2.31
a
3.1
d
3.11
a
3.21
b
3.31
a
4.1
c
4.11
c
4.21
c
4.31
b
4.41
a
4.51
b
4.61
b
2.2
a
2.12
c
2.22
a
2.32
a
3.2
b
3.12
d
3.22
b
3.32
c
4.2
b
4.12
b
4.22
b
4.32
c
4.42
b
4.52
d
4.62
b
2.3
d
2.13
d
2.23
a
2.33
a
3.3
c
3.13
d
3.23
c
3.33
a
4.3
c
4.13
a
4.23
d
4.33
b
4.43
a
4.53
d
4.63
b
2.4
b
2.14
a
2.24
c
2.34
b
3.4
c
3.14
c
3.24
b
3.34
c
4.4
a
4.14
c
4.24
d
4.34
c
4.44
a
4.54
b
4.64
a
2.5
d
2.15
c
2.25
b
2.6
d
2.16
a
2.26
c
2.7
a
2.17
b
2.27
a
2.8
a
2.18
b
2.28
c
2.9
b
2.19
b
2.29
c
2.10
a
2.20
a
2.30
d
3.5
b
3.15
b
3.25
b
3.35
c
4.5
a
4.15
a
4.25
b
4.35
a
4.45
c
4.55
d
4.65
b
3.6
c
3.16
d
3.26
c
3.7
c
3.17
d
3.27
a
3.8
b
3.18
a
3.28
c
3.9
a
3.19
a
3.29
c
3.10
c
3.20
d
3.30
b
4.6
a
4.16
c
4.26
c
4.36
d
4.46
a
4.56
b
4.66
b
4.7
c
4.17
a
4.27
b
4.37
b
4.47
b
4.57
c
4.67
b
4.8
d
4.18
d
4.28
c
4.38
a
4.48
d
4.58
d
4.68
d
4.9
c
4.19
a
4.29
b
4.39
c
4.49
c
4.59
b
4.69
d
4.10
b
4.20
d
4.30
d
4.40
c
4.50
b
4.60
b
21
PHAN 2: LY THUYET DIEN RA CAC QUA TRNH HOA

HOC
A. BAI TAP TOAN
Bai 2.1: Cho phan ng : H2 (k) + 1/2O2 (k) = H2O (l). Hay xac nh :
a) o va Uo cua phan ng 25oC.
b) o 100oC,
Cho biet nhiet dung ang ap trong khoang nhiet o t 25 en 100oC
oi vi H2 (k), O2 (k) va H2O (l) la 28,9; 29,4 va 75,5 J/mol.
Cho biet : o298,tt cua H2O (l) bang 68,32 kcal/mol
ap so : a) 68,32 kcal ; -67,43 kcal . b) 67,75 kcal
Bai 2.2: Tnh hieu ng nhiet cua cac phan ng trung hoa:
HCl (dd) + NaOH (dd) = NaCl (dd) + H2O (l)
(1)
HCl (dd) + KOH (dd) = KCl (dd) + H2O (l)
(2)
Cho biet nhiet tao thanh cua cac ion trong nc nh sau (kJ/mol) :
ion
H+.aq
Na+.aq
K+.aq
OH-.aq
Cl-.aq
H2O (l)
o
0,0
-240
-252
-230
-167
-286
298,tt
Cho biet tai sao nhiet trung hoa gia cac axit manh va baz
manh eu co cung gia tr nh nhau? ap so : -56 kJ
Bai 2.3: Hoa tan 1 mol CuSO4, 1mol CuSO4. H2O hoac 1mol CuSO4.5H2O
trong 800 mol nc kem theo s giai phong hay thu vao mot lng
nhiet tng ng la 15,90; -9,33 va 2,80 kcal. Hay tnh hieu ng
nhiet cua cac qua trnh:
CuSO4
CuSO4.H2O
(1)
CuSO4.H2O
CuSO4.5H2O
(2)
CuSO4
CuSO4.5H2O
(3)
ap so : -6,57 kcal ; -12,13 kcal va 18,70 kcal
22
Bai 2.4: Hay xac nh nang lng lien ket trung bnh cua mot noi C-H
trong phan t CH4, cho biet nhiet thang hoa cua grafit bang 170,9
kcal/mol, nhiet phan li cua kh hydro bang 103,26 kcal/mol va hieu ng
nhiet cua phan ng sau:
C (gr) +
2H2 (k) = CH4(k) ,
o298 = -17,89 kcal
ap so : 98,83 kcal
Bai 2.5: Tnh o thay oi entropi khi ot nong 1 nguyen t gam cadimi t
t1 = 25oC en t2 = 727oC. Cho biet cadimi co: Nhiet o nong chay 321oC,
nhiet nong chay la 1460 cal/ntg, nhiet dung nguyen t ang ap the
ran la: Cpr = 5,46 + 2,47.10-3T (cal/ntg.K), nhiet dung nguyen t ang ap
the long la: Cpl = 7,13 cal/ntg.K.
ap so: 10,72 cal/ntg.K
Bai 2.6: Cho phan ng : NH3 (k) + HCl (k) = NH4Cl (r). Hay da vao cac gia
tr nhiet tao
thanh tieu chuan, entropi tieu chuan va the ang ap tieu chuan cho
trong bai cua
mot so chat e:
a) Tnh o298, So298, Go298 cua phan ng.
b) Tnh Go298,tt cua NH4Cl (r)
c) T cac ket qua thu c co the rut ra nhng ket luan g?
Cho biet :
Nhiet tao thanh tieu chuan 25oC (kcal/ mol) cua NH3(k), HCl (k) va NH4Cl
(r) lan lt la: -11,00 ; -22,24 va -75,38
Entropi tieu chuan 25oC (cal/mol.K) cua NH3(k), HCl (k) va NH4Cl (r) lan
lt la: 45,95 ; 46,04 va 22,6
The ang ap tao thanh tieu chuan 25oC (kcal/mol.K) cua NH3 (k) va
HCl (k) lan lt la: -4,00 va 22,74
ap so: a) -42,14 kcal; -68,22 cal/o ; -21,46 kcal
b) -48,21 kcal
Bai 2.7: Cho phan ng: CH4(k) + 2H2O (k) = CO2(k) + 4H2 (k)
a) Tnh o298, So298, Go298 cua phan ng.
Tnh o1000, So1000, Go1000 cua phan ng, cho biet nhiet dung phan t
ang ap trung bnh trong khoang nhiet o 273K en 1000oK cua cac kh
CH4, H2O, CO2 va H2 lan lt la: 8,54; 8,03; 8,87 va 6,89 cal/mol.K.
So sanh kha nang va chieu hng cua phan ng tren cac nhiet
o 298K va 1000K.
Cho biet:
Nhiet tao thanh tieu chuan 25oC (kcal/mol) cua cac kh CH4, H2O va CO2
lan lt la:
-17,89; -57,80; -94,10.
Entropi tieu chuan 25oC (cal/mol.K) cua cac kh CH4, H2O,CO2 va H2 lan
lt la: 45,50; 45,13; 51,10 va 31,21.
Bai 2.8: Cho phan ng thuan nghch: H2 (k) + I2 (k)
2HI (k)
Xac nh so gam HI c tao thanh va hieu suat cua phan ng
theo l thuyet khi cho 2g hydro va 254g iot phan ng trong bnh kn co dung
tch 3 lt 699K, biet hang so can bang KP cua phan ng nhiet o
nay la 54,5.
ap so: 201,37g ; 78,7%
23
Bai 2.9: Xac nh hang so can bang KP cua phan ng: N2O4 (k) = 2NO (k)
25oC, cho biet o phan li cua N2O4 nhiet o nay va ap suat 1
atm la 0,185. Tnh o phan li cua N2O4 khi ap suat chung la 10 atm.
ap so: KP = 0,141 ; = 0,059
Bai 2.10: Phan ng thuan nghch: CO (k) + Cl2 (k) = COCl2 (k) , c thc
hien trong bnh kn nhiet o khong oi. Nong o ban au cua CO va
Cl2 bang nhau va bang 0,4 ptg/lit.
Tnh hang so can bang KC cua phan ng, biet rang khi he at trang
thai can bang th ch con 50% lng CO ban au.
Sau khi can bang c thiet lap ta them 0,1 ptg CO vao 1 lt hon hp.
Tnh nong o cac chat luc can bang mi c thiet lap.
ap so: a) KC = 5 , b) 0,27 (CO) ; 0,17 (CO2); 0,23 (COCl2) (ptg/lit)
Bai 2.11: Hang so toc o cua phan ng n phan t bang 8.10-3phut-1.
Hay tnh thi gian e cho nong o ban au cua chat phan ng giam i
1/4
ap so: 36 phut
Bai 2.12: 35oC kh N2O5 tinh khiet cha trong bnh kn co ap suat 0,100
atm. Hang so toc o cua phan ng bac mot phan huy N2O5 thanh
N2O4 va O2 bang 1,34.10-4 giay-1. Tnh ap suat rieng phan cua oxy sau 10
phut va sau 1 gi.
ap so: sau 10 phut : P = 0,004 atm; sau 1 gi: P = 0,019 atm
Bai 2.13: Hi etyl clorua b nhiet phan theo phan ng : C2H5Cl C2H4 +
HCl. ay la phan ngbac mot va co hang so toc o phan ng :
trong o = 1,6.1014sec-1, E* = 59,5 kcal/mol. Tnh:
E*
RT
k = .e
Hang so k 700K
% etyl clorua b phan huy nhiet o nay sau 10 phut
Nhiet o ma ay phan ng co toc o ln hn 2 lan
ap so: a) 4,24.10-5sec-1 , b) 2,53%, c) 712K
Bai 2.14: Xac nh bac cua phan ng chuyen etylen thanh buten va
hang so toc o k 427oC, biet rang nhiet o nay khi nong o
cua etylen la 0,1 mol/lit th toc o phan ng bang 7,6.10-6 mol/lit.sec, con
khi nong o etylen la 0,01 mol/lit th toc o phan ng ch con la 7,6.108
mol/lit.sec.
ap so: Bac 2; k = 7,6.10-4sec-1
Bai 2.15: Ngi ta hoa tan mot khoi lap phng kim loai hoa tr 2 co
canh bang 1 cm vao axit. Hay viet phng trnh toc o phan ng hoa
hoc xay ra. Xac nh toc o phan ng tang len bao nhieu lan neu
phan chia khoi lap phng kim loai ban au thanh nhng khoi lap
phng co canh bang 0,1 cm roi mi cho tac dung vi axit?
ap so: v = k.S.CH ; 10 lan
B. BAI TAP TRAC NGHIEM

CHNG 6: HIEU NG NHIET CUA CAC QUA TRNH HOA HOC
24
6.1 Cac khai niem c ban cua nhiet ong hoc va nhiet ong hoa hoc. nh
luat th nhat cua nhiet ong hoc.
a) He co lap la he khong co trao oi chat, khong trao oi nang lng
di dang nhiet va cong vi moi trng.
b) He kn la he khong trao oi chat va cong, song co the trao oi
nhiet vi moi trng.
c) He oan nhiet la he khong trao oi chat va nhiet, song co the trao
oi cong vi moi trng.
d) He h la he khong b rang buoc bi han che nao, co the trao oi
chat va nang lng vi moi trng.
6.2 Xet phan ng NO(k) + 1/2O2(k) NO2(k) o298= -7,4 kcal. Phan ng
c thc hien trong bnh kn co the tch khong oi, sau o phan ng
c a ve nhiet o ban au. He nh the la:
a) He co
b) he kn & ong c) He kn & d
d) he co lap va
lap
the
the
ong the
6.3 Chon y sai:
a) Nguyen ly I nhiet ong hoc thc chat la nh luat bao toan nang
lng.
b) Nhiet ch co the t truyen t vat the co nhiet o cao sang vat
the co nhiet o thap.
c) Hieu ng nhiet cua mot phan ng la lng nhiet toa ra hay thu vao
cua phan ng o.
d) o bien thien entanpi cua mot qua trnh khong thay oi theo nhiet
o.
6.4 Trong mot chu trnh , cong he nhan la 2 kcal. Tnh nhiet ma he
trao oi :
a) -2 kcal
b) +4 kcal
c) +2 kcal
d) 0
6.5 Trong ieu kien ang tch, phan ng phat nhiet la phan ng co:
a) Cong A < 0
b) U < 0
c) H < 0
d) U > 0
6.6 Chon qua trnh ung:

Xet phan ng:
NO (k) + O2 (k) = NO2 (k)
Phan ng c thc hien trong bnh kn co the tch khong oi, sau o
phan ng c a ve nhiet o ban au. Qua trnh nh the la qua
trnh :
a) ang ap , ang
b) ang tch
nhiet
c) ang tch, ang nhiet d) ang ap , ang tch
6.7 Mot he co noi nang tang ( U2 > U1) , khi i t trang thai 1 sang trang
thai 2 trong ieu kien ang ap. Biet rang trong qua trnh bien oi nay
he toa nhiet ( < 0) , vay he :
a) Sinh ra cong
b) Nhan cong
c) Khong trao oi cong
d) Khong the d oan

c
6.8 S bien thien noi nang U khi mot he thong i t trang thai
th nhat (I) sang trang thai th hai (II) bang nhng ng i khac
nhau co tnh chat sau:
25
a) Khong oi do nhiet Q va cong A eu khong thay oi.

b) Thay oi do nhiet Q va cong A thay oi theo ng i.
c) Khong thay oi va bang Q - A theo nguyen l bao toan nang
lng.
d) Khong the tnh c do moi ng i co Q va A khac nhau.
6.9 Mot he thong hap thu mot lng nang lng di dang nhiet la 200
kJ. Noi nang cua he tang them 250 kJ. Vay trong bien oi tren cong
cua he thong co gia tr:
a) 350 kJ, he sinh cong
b) 50 kJ, he nhan cong
c) 50 kJ, he sinh cong
d) -50 kJ, he nhan cong
6.2 Hieu ng nhiet cua cac qua trnh hoa hoc. nh luat Hess
6.10 Trong ieu kien ang ap, mot nhiet o xac nh, phan ng :
A(r) + 2B(k) = C(k) + 2D(k) phat nhiet. Vay:
a) |U| < |H| b) |U| = |H| c) |U| > |H| d) Cha u d lieu e
so sanh
6.11 Trong ieu kien ang tch, phan ng phat nhiet la phan ng co:
a) Cong A < 0
b) U < 0
c) H < 0
d) U > 0
6.12 Tnh hieu so gia hieu ng nhiet phan ng ang ap va ang
tch cua phan ng sau ay 25oC:
C2H5OH (l) + 3O2 (k) = 2CO2(k) + 3H2O (l)
(R = 8,314 J/mol.K)
a) 4539J
b) 2270J
c) 1085J
d) 2478J
6.13 Phan ng Fe2O3(r) + 3CO(k) = 2Fe(r) + 3CO2(k) ieu kien a cho
co 298 = -6,8 Kcal. Suy ra U298 (kcal) cua phan ng bang: (R 2.10-3
kcal/mol.K)
a) +6,8
b) 8,6
c) 6,8
d) 5,0
6.14 Chon phat bieu chnh xac cua nh luat Hess

a) Hieu ng nhiet cua qua trnh hoa hoc ch phu thuoc vao ban
chat va trang thai cua cac chat au va san pham ch khong phu
thuoc vao ng i cua qua trnh.
b) Hieu ng nhiet ang ap hay ang tch cua qua trnh hoa hoc ch
phu thuoc vao ban chat cua cac chat au va san pham ch khong
phu thuoc vao ng i cua qua trnh.
c) Hieu ng nhiet ang ap cua qua trnh hoa hoc ch phu thuoc vao
ban chat va trang thai cua cac chat au va san pham ch khong
phu thuoc vao ng i cua qua trnh.
d) Hieu ng nhiet ang ap hay ang tch cua qua trnh hoa hoc ch
phu thuoc vao ban chat va trang thai cua cac chat au va san
pham ch khong phu thuoc vao ng i cua qua trnh.
6.15 ai lng nao sau ay khong phai la ham trang thai:
1. Ap suat
2. Entanpi
3. Cong
4. Nhiet
5. nhiet
(p)
(H)
(A)
(Q)
o (t)
a) 1, 2 & 3
b) 2, 3 & 4
c) 3 & 4
d) 1, 2, 3 & 4
6.16 Chon ap an ung:
cua mot qua trnh hoa hoc khi he chuyen t trang thai th
nhat (I) sang trang thai th hai (II) bang nhng cach khac nhau co ac
iem:
a) Thay oi theo cach tien hanh qua trnh.
b) Khong thay oi theo cach tien hanh qua trnh.
26
c) Co the cho ta biet chieu t dien bien cua qua trnh cac
nhiet o khac nhau.
d) Ca hai ac iem b va c eu ung.
a) Hieu ng nhiet cua mot phan ng o ieu kien ang ap bang
bien thien cua entanpi, hieu ng nhiet cua phan ng o ieu kien
ang tch bang bien thien noi nang cua he.
b) Hphan ng > 0 khi phan ng phat nhiet
c) Uphan ng < 0 khi phan ng thu nhiet
d) Hieu ng nhiet cua mot phan ng khong tuy thuoc ieu kien (to,
ap suat), trang thai cua cac chat tham gia phan ng cung nh cac
chat tao thanh sau phan ng (san pham).
6.18 Mot phan ng co H = -200 kJ.mol-1. Da tren thong tin nay co the
ket luan phan ng tai nhiet o ang xet nh sau:
a) toa
b) co toc o
c) t xay ra
d) ca a, b, c eu
nhiet
nhanh
c
ung
6.19 Chon cau tra li ung. Gia tr o298 cua mot phan ng hoa hoc
a) Tuy thuoc vao cach viet cac he so ty lng cua phng trnh
phan ng.
b) Tuy thuoc vao nhiet o luc dien ra phan ng.
c) Tuy thuoc vao cach tien hanh phan ng.
d) Tat ca eu sai.
6.20 Chon cau ung. Phan ng thu nhiet manh:
a) Khong the xay ra t phat moi gia tri nhiet o.
b) Co the xay ra t phat nhiet o thap.
c) Co the xay ra t phat nhiet o cao neu bien thien entropi
cua no dng.
d) Co the xay ra t phat nhiet o cao neu bien thien entropi
cua no am.
6.21 Cho phan ng : N2 (k) + O2 (k) = 2NO (k) co o298,p = +180,8 kJ.
ieu kien tieu chuan 25oC , khi thu c 1 mol kh NO t phan
ng tren th:
a) Lng nhiet toa ra la 180,8
b) Lng nhiet thu vao
kJ.
la 180,8 kJ.
c) Lng nhiet thu vao la 90,4 d) Lng nhiet toa ra la
kJ.
90,4 kJ.
6.22 Hieu ng nhiet tao thanh tieu chuan cua CO2 la bien thien
entanpi cua phan ng:
a) Ckim cng + O2 (k) = CO2
0oC, ap suat rieng cua O2 va CO2
(k)
eu bang 1 atm
b) Cgraphit + O2 (k) = CO2
25oC, ap suat rieng cua O2 va CO2
(k)
eu bang 1 atm
c) Cgraphit + O2 (k) = CO2
0oC, ap suat chung bang 1atm
(k)
d) Cgraphit + O2 (k) = CO2
25oC, ap suat chung bang 1atm
(k)
6.23 Hieu ng nhiet cua mot phan ng bang:

27
a) Tong nhiet tao thanh san pham tr tong nhiet tao thanh cac
chat au.
b) Tong nhiet ot chay cac chat au tr tong nhiet ot chay
cac san pham.
c) Tong nang lng lien ket trong cac chat au tr tong nang
lng lien ket trong cac san pham.
d) Tat ca eu ung
6.24 Chon trng hp ung: ieu kien tieu chuan, phan ng: H2 (k) +
1/2O2 (k) = H2O (l) phat ra mot lng nhiet la 245,17kJ. T ay suy ra:
a) Hieu ng nhiet ot chay tieu chuan cua H2 la 245,17kJ/mol.
b) Nhiet tao thanh tieu chuan cua nc long la 245,17kJ/mol.
c) Hieu ng nhiet phan ng tren la 245,17kJ.
d) Ca ba cau tren eu ung.
6.25 Biet rang nhiet tao thanh tieu chuan cua B2O3 (r), H2O (l) ,CH4 (k) va
C2H2 (k) lan lt bang: -1273,5 ; -285,8; -74,7 ; +2,28 (kJ/mol). Trong 4 chat
nay, chat de b phan huy thanh n chat nhat la:
a) H2O
b) CH4
c) C2H2
d) B2O3
6.26 Trong cac hieu ng nhiet (H) cua cac phan ng cho di ay,
gia tr nao la hieu ng nhiet ot chay?
1) C (gr) + 1/2O2 (k) = CO (k)
o298 = -110,55 kJ
2) H2 (k) + 1/2O2 (k) = H2O (l)
o273 = - 571,20 kJ
3) H2 (k) + 1/2O2 (k) = H2O (k)
o298 = -237,84 kJ
4) C (gr) + O2 (k) = CO2 (k)
o298 = -393,50 kJ
a) 4
b) 2,4
c) 1,2,3,4
d) 2
6.27 Lap cong thc tnh hieu ng nhiet (0 ) cua phan ng B A ,
thong qua hieu ng nhiet cua cac phan ng sau :
A C
1
C D
2
B D
3
a) 0 = 3 - 1 - 2
b) 0 = 3 + 2 - 1
c) 0 = 2 - 1 - 3
d) 0 = 1 + 2 + 3
6.28 Lap cong thc tnh hieu ng nhiet (0 ) cua phan ng B A ,
thong qua hieu ng nhiet cua cac phan ng sau :
A C
1
D C
2
B D
3
b) 0 = 3 + 2 - 1
a) 0 = 1 - 2 + 3
c) 0 = 2 - 1 - 3
d) 0 = 1 + 2 + 3
6.29 T hai phan ng:
(1) A + B = C + D 1
(2) E + F = C + D 2
Thiet lap c cong thc tnh 3 cua phan ng A + B = E + F :
a) 3 = 1 b) 3 = 1 +
c) 3 = 2 d) 3 = -1
2
2
1
-2
6.30 Cho biet:
28
2NH3 (k) + 5/2O2

2NO (k) + 3H2O
(k)
(k)
o
-46,3
0
+90,4
-241,8
tt,298 (kJ/mol)
Hieu ng nhiet cua phan ng tren la:
a) 452 kJ
b) 452 kJ
c) +406,8 kJ
d) 406,8
kJ
6.31 Chon gia tr ung. Khi ot chay than ch bang oxy ngi ta thu c
33g kh cacbonic va co 70,9 kcal thoat ra ieu kien tieu chuan, vay
nhiet tao thanh tieu chuan cua kh cacbonic co gia tr (kcal/mol).
a) -70,9
b) -94,5
c) 94,5
d) 68,6
6.32 Tnh nhiet tao thanh tieu chuan cua CH3OH long, biet rang:
C (r) + O2 (k) = CO2 (k)
Ho1 = -94 kcal/mol
H2 (k) + 1/2O2 (k) = H2O (l)
Ho2 = -68,5 kcal/mol
CH3OH (l) + 1 O2 (k) = CO2 (k) +
Ho3 = -171 kcal/mol
2H2O (l)
a) +60 kcal/mol
b) 402 kcal/mol
c) +402 kcal/mol
d) 60
kcal/mol
6.33 T cac gia tr cung ieu kien cua cac phan ng :
(1) 2SO2(k) + O2(k) = 2SO3(k)
H = -196 kJ
(2) 2S(r) + 3O2(k) = 2SO3(k)
H = -790 kJ
hay tnh gia tr cung ieu kien o cua phan ng sau : S(r) +
O2(k) = SO2(k)
a) H = -594 kJ
b) H = -297 kJ
c) H = 594 kJ
d) H = 297
kJ
6.34 Lng nhiet toa ra khi ot chay 3g kim loai Mg bang O2(k) tao ra
MgO(r) la 76kJ ieu kien tieu chuan. Nhiet tao thanh tieu chuan
(kJ/mol) cua MgO(r) la: ( AMg = 24g)
a) +608kJ b) +304kJ
c) 608kJ
d) 304kJ
6.35 Xac nh hieu ng nhiet ot chay 1 mol metan theo phan ng:
CH4(k) + 2O2 (k) = CO2 (k) + 2H2O (l)
Neu biet hieu ng nhiet tao thanh tieu chuan cua cac chat CH4
(k), CO2 (k) va H2O (l) lan lt bang: -74,85; -393,51; -285,84 ( kJ/mol)
a) 604,5 kJ
b) 890.34 kJ
c) 890,34 kJ
d) 604,5 kJ
CHNG 7: THE ANG AP VA CHIEU CUA CAC QUA TRNH HOA HOC
7.1 Nguyen l th hai cua nhiet ong hoc. Entropi
Nguyen l th hai nhiet ong lc hoc co the phat bieu nh sau:
a) Nhiet khong the t ong truyen t vat lanh hn sang vat nong hn.
b) Cong co the chuyen hoa hoan toan thanh nhiet va nhiet cung co
the chuyen hoa hoan toan thanh cong.
c) Khong the co qua trnh trong o nhiet lay t mot vat c chuyen
thanh thanh cong ma khong co bo chnh.
d) Khong the co ong c vnh cu loai hai.
29
a) Bien thien entropi cua he phu thuoc ng i.

b) Entropi co thuoc tnh cng o, gia tr cua no khong phu thuoc
lng chat.
c) Trong qua trnh t nhien bat k ta luon luon co : dS Q/T (dau = ng
vi qua trnh thuan nghch, dau > ng vi qua trnh bat thuan nghch)
d) Entropi ac trng cho mc o hon on cua cac tieu phan trong he.
Mc o hon on cua cac tieu phan trong he cang nho, gia tr entropi
cang ln.
1) Entropi cua chat nguyen chat trang thai tinh the hoan chnh,
nhiet o khong tuyet oi bang khong.
2) khong o tuyet oi, bien thien entropi trong cac qua trnh
bien oi cac chat trang thai tinh the hoan chnh eu bang
khong.
3) Trong he h tat ca cac qua trnh t xay ra la nhng qua trnh co
kem theo s tang entropi.
4) Entropi cua chat trang thai long co the nho hn entropi cua no
trang thai ran.
a) 1
b) 1,2
c) 1,2,3
d) 1,2,3,4
7.4 Mot chat trang thai nhiet o cang cao th :
a) Entropi cang ln.
b) Entropi cang be.
c) Entropi khong thay

d) Mot trong ba cau a, b ,c ung
oi.
vi chat cu the.
7.5 cung ieu kien , trong so cac chat sau, chat nao co
entropi ln nhat?
Chat (1) : O (k)
Chat (2) : O2(k)
a) Chat 1
b) Chat 2
Chat (3) : O3
(k)
c) Chat 3
d) Khong biet
c
7.6
Bien oi entropi khi i t trang thai A sang trang thai B bang 5 con
ng khac nhau (xem gian o) co ac tnh sau:
P
B
5
4
3
1
V
a) S giong nhau cho ca

b) Moi con ng co S khac nhau.
5 ng.
c) Cac phat bieu a, b, d
d) S cua ng 3 nho nhat v la con
eu sai.
ng ngan nhat
7.7 Qua trnh chuyen pha ran thanh pha long co:
a) H < 0 , S >
b) H > 0, S >
c) H < 0, S < 0 d) H > 0, S
0
0
<0
30
7.8 Chon cau ung. Phan ng : 2A ( k) + B (l) = 3C (r) + D (k) co:

d) Khong d oan
a) S = 0
b) S > 0
c) S < 0
c
7.9 Trong cac phan ng sau:

N2 + O2 = 2NO
(1)
2CH4 = C2H2 + 2H2 (2)
2SO2 + O2 = 2SO3
(3)
Cac chat eu the kh. Hay sap xep S cua cac phan ng theo
th t tang dan gia tr:
a) 1,2,3
b) 2,1,3
c) 3,1,2
d) 2,3,1
7.10 Trong cac phan ng sau
N2 (k) + O2 (k) = 2NO (k)
(1)
KClO4 (r) = KCl (r) + 2O2 (k)
(2)
C2H2 (k) + 2H2 (k) = C2H6 (k)
(3)
Chon phan ng co S ln nhat, S nho nhat (cho ket qua theo
th t va neu)
a) 1 , 2
b) 2 , 3
c) 2 , 3
d) 3 , 1
7.11 Xac nh qua trnh nao sau ay co S < 0.
a) O2 (k) 2O (k)
b) 2CH4 (k) + 3O2 (k) 2CO (K) +
4H2O (k)
c) NH4Cl (r) NH3 (k) + HCl
d) N2(k,25oC,1atm) N2 (k,0oC,1atm)
(k)
7.12 Cho 3 phan ng:
H2O (l) H2O (k)
(1) S1
2Cl (k) Cl2 (k)
(2) S2
C2H2 (k) + H2 (k) C2H4 (k) (3) S3
Hay cho biet dau cua S1 , S2 , S3 :
a) S1 > 0 , S2 < 0 , S3 < 0
b) S1 < 0 , S2 < 0 , S3 > 0
c) Ca ba S eu dng
d) Ca ba S eu am
7.13 Chon phat bieu ung ve entropi cac chat sau:
1) SoH 2O (l) > SoH 2O (k)
2) SoMgO(r) < SoBaO(r)
3) SoC3H8(k) > SoCH4(k)
4) SoFe(r) < SoH2 (k)
5) SoCa(r) > SoC3H 8(k)
6) SoS(r) < Sos (l)
a) 1,2,3,4
b) 2,3,4,6
c) 2,3,6
d)1,2,3,5,6
o
o
7.14 Tnh S (J/mol.K) 25 C cua phan ng : SO2 (k) + O2 (k) = SO3 (k)
Cho biet entropi tieu chuan 25oC cua cac chat SO2(k) , O2 (k) va SO3
(k) lan lt bang : 248 , 205 va 257 (J/mol.K)
a) 93,5
b) 93,5
c) 196
d) 196
7.2 The ang ap . Chieu cua cac qua trnh hoa hoc.
7.15 Chon cau ung.
31
1) Bien thien the ang nhiet ang ap la phan nang lng cua he co
the t do chuyen thanh cong co ch khi qua trnh xay ra trong ieu
kien ang nhiet ang ap.
2) Cong co ch la tat ca cac cong sinh ra (ke ca cong chong ap suat
ngoai) khi he chuyen t trang thai au en trang thai cuoi.
3) The ang ap cua he giam dan trong qua trnh t dien bien cua
he.
4) Trong ieu kien ang ap, qua trnh t xay ra gan lien vi s tang
the ang ap cua he.
a) 1 va 3
b) 1 , 3 va 4
c) ca 4 cau eu
d) 2 va 3
ung
7.16 ai lng nao sau ay khong phai la ham trang thai:
1. Ap
2.The ang ap ang 3. Cong
4. Nhiet 5. Entropi
suat (p)
nhiet (G)
(A)
(Q)
(S)
a) 1, 2 & 3
c) 3 & 4
b) 2, 3 & 4
d) 1, 2, 3 & 4
7.17 Chon phng an sai. Cac ai lng di ay eu la ham trang thai:
a) entanpi, entropi.
b) nhiet o, ap suat, the ang tch,
the ang ap
c) The ang ap , noi
d) The ang ap, entanpi, entropi, noi
nang, cong.
nang
7.18 Cac ai lng nao sau ay la ham trang thai:
1. Ap suat (p)
2. Nhiet dung
3. Nhiet (Q)
4. Entropi (S)
ang ap (c)
a) 1, 2 & 4
b) 2, 3 & 4
c) 3 & 4
d) 1, 2, 3 & 4
7.19 Chon cau tra li ung.

Mot phan ng ieu kien ang xet co G < 0 th :
a) xay ra t phat trong thc b) co kha nang xay ra t phat
te.
trong thc te.
c) trang thai can bang.
d) Khong xay ra.
7.20 Phan ng khong the xay ra bat c gia tr nhiet o nao neu
tai nhiet o o phan ng nay co:
a) < 0 ; S >
b) > 0 ; S > c) < 0 ; S <
d) > 0 ; S < 0
0
0
0
7.21 Chon ap an ay u nhat. Phan ng co the xay ra t phat trong
cac trng hp sau:
b) > 0 ; S >
c) < 0 ; S < d) > 0 ; S <
a) < 0 ; S
0
0
0
>0
<
0
;
S
<
< 0 ; S >
> 0 ; S >
> 0 ; S >
0
0
0
0
< 0 ; S >
< 0 ; S <
> 0 ; S <
> 0 ; S <
0
0
0
0
7.22 Chon cau ung. Phan ng thu nhiet:
a) Khong the xay ra moi gia tr nhiet o.
b) Co the xay ra nhiet o thap.
c) Co the xay ra nhiet o cao neu bien thien entropi cua no
dng.
32
d) Co the xay ra nhiet o cao neu bien thien entropi cua no

am.
7.23 mot ieu kien xac nh, phan ng A B thu nhiet manh co
the tien hanh en cung. Co the rut ra cac ket luan sau:
a) Sp > 0 va nhiet o tien hanh phan ng phai u cao.
b) Phan ng B A cung ieu kien cua cau a co Gp > 0.
c) Phan ng B A co the tien hanh nhiet o thap va co Sp
< 0.
d) Tat ca eu ung
7.24 Phan ng 3O2 (k) 2O3 (k) ieu kien tieu chuan co Ho298 =
284,4 kJ, So298 =
-139,8 J/mol.K. Biet rang bien thien entanpi va bien
thien entropi cua phan ng t bien oi theo nhiet o. Vay phat bieu
nao di ay la phu hp vi qua trnh phan ng:
a) nhiet o cao, phan ng dien ra t phat.
b) nhiet o thap, phan ng dien ra t phat.
c) Phan ng xay ra t phat moi nhiet o.
d) Phan ng khong xay ra t phat moi nhiet o.
7.25 Chon cau chnh xac. Cho phan ng tong quat aA + bB cC + dD co
o298 < 0.
a) Phan ng luon xay ra bat ky nhiet o nao.
b) nhiet o cao, chieu cua phan ng con phu thuoc vao S.
c) Phan ng khong the xay ra nhiet o thng.
d) Phan ng ch xay ra nhiet o cao.
7.26 Chon trng hp ung: Biet rang 0oC qua trnh nong chay
cua nc a ap suat kh quyen co G = 0. Vay 383K qua
trnh nong chay cua nc a ap suat nay co dau cua G la:
a) G > 0
b) G = 0
d) Khong xac nh c v con cac
c) G < 0
yeu to khac.
Biet rang -51oC qua trnh nong chay cua H2Te ap suat kh
quyen co G = 0. Vay 200K qua trnh nong chay cua hydro
telurua ap suat nay co dau cua G la:
a) G > 0
b) G =0
d) Khong xac nh c v con cac yeu
c) G < 0
to khac
7.28 Tnh o bien oi S khi 1 mol hi nc ngng tu thanh nc long
1000C ,1 atm. Biet nhiet bay hi cua nc nhiet o tren la 549 cal/g.
a) S = -26,5 cal/mol.K
b) S = 26,5 cal/mol.K
c) S = 1,44 cal/mol.K
d) S = -1,44 cal/mol.K
7.29 Chon cau phu hp nhat. Cho phan ng 2Mg (r) + CO2 (k) = 2MgO (r) +
Cgraphit . Phan ng nay co hieu ng nhiet tieu chuan Ho298 = -822,7 kJ.
Ve phng dien nhiet ong hoa hoc, phan ng nay co the: (cho biet
So298 (J/mol.K) cua Mg(r), CO2(k), MgO(r) va Cgraphit lan lt bang 33, 214, 27
va 6)
33
a) Xay ra t phat nhiet o

b) Xay ra t phat moi
cao.
nhiet o.
o
c) Yeu to t anh hng khong d) Khong t phat xay ra
ang ke
nhiet o cao.
7.30 Chon ap an ay u :
Mot phan ng co the t xay ra khi:
1) H < 0 rat am , S < 0 , to
2) H < 0 , S > 0.
thng.
3) H > 0 rat ln , S > 0 , to
4) H > 0 , S > 0 , to cao.
thng.
a) 1 va 2
b) 1, 2, 3, 4
c) 1, 2 va 4
d) 2 va 4
ung
ung
ung
ung
7.31 a so cac phan ng xay ra nhiet o cao co:
a) bien thien entropi am.
b) bien thien entropi
dng.
c) bien thien entanpi am.
d) bien thien entanpi
dng.
7.32 Chon nhng cau ung: Ve phng dien nhiet ong hoa hoc:
1) a so phan ng co the xay ra t phat hoan toan khi Gop < -40 kJ.
2) Phan ng khong xay ra t phat trong thc te khi Gop > 40 kJ.
3) Phan ng khong xay ra t phat trong thc te khi Gop > 0.
4) a so cac phan ng co the ang ap tieu chuan nam trong khoang
-40 kJ < Gop < 40 kJ xay ra t phat thuan nghch trong thc te.
a) 1,2,4
b) 3,4
c) 1,3,4
d) Tat ca cac cau tren
eu ung
7.33 Chon cau sai.
a) Phan ng co Go < 0 co the xay ra t phat.
b) Phan ng co Go > 0 khong the xay ra t phat.
c) Phan ng toa nhiet nhieu thng co kha nang xay ra nhiet
o thng.
d) Phan ng co cac bien thien entanpi va entropi eu dng co
kha nang xay ra nhiet o cao.
a) Mot phan ng toa nhiet manh co the xay ra t phat nhiet
o thng.
b) Mot phan ng thu nhiet manh ch co the xay ra t phat nhiet
o cao.
c) Mot phan ng hau nh khong thu hay phat nhiet nhng lam tang
entropi co the xay ra t phat nhiet o thng.
d) Mot phan ng thu nhiet manh nhng lam tang entropi co the xay
ra t phat nhiet o thng.
7.35 e d oan phan ng co the xay ra t phat hoan toan nhiet
o thng, ta co the da tren dau cua cac ai lng sau:
1) Go < 0
2) Go < -40 kJ
3) Ho < 0 vi |o| ln
a) 2
b) 1,2 va 3
c) 2,3
d) 1,3
7.36 Chon trng hp sai:
34
Tieu chuan co the cho biet phan ng xay ra t phat c ve mat

nhiet ong la:
b) Cong chong ap suat ngoai A >
a) Ho < 0, So > 0
0
0
d) Hang so can bang K ln hn 1.
c) G < 0
7.37 Phan ng CaCO3 (r) CaO (r) + CO2 (k) la phan ng thu nhiet
manh. Xet dau o, So, Go cua phan ng nay 25oC :
a) Ho < 0; So < 0 ; Go < 0
b) Ho < 0; So > 0 ; Go > 0
c) Ho > 0; So > 0 ; Go < 0
d) Ho > 0; So > 0 ; Go > 0
7.38 Chon trng hp ung.
Can c tren dau Go298 cua 2 phan ng sau :
PbO2 (r) + Pb (r) = 2PbO (r) Go298 < 0
SnO2 (r) + Sn (r) = 2SnO
Go298 > 0
(r)
Trang thai oxy hoa dng ben hn oi vi cac kim loai ch va thiec la:
a) Ch (+2), thiec (+2)
b) Ch (+4), thiec (+2)
c) Ch (+2), thiec (+4)
d) Ch (+4), thiec (+4)
7.39 Phan ng H2O2 (l) H2O (l) + O2 (k) toa nhiet, vay phan ng nay
co:
a) H < 0; S > 0 ; G > 0
khong the xay ra t phat
nhiet o thng.
b) H < 0; S > 0 ; G < 0
co the xay ra t phat nhiet
o thng.
c) H > 0; S < 0 ; G < 0
co the xay ra t phat nhiet
o thng.
d) H > 0; S > 0 ; G > 0
khong the xay ra t phat nhiet
o thng.
7.40 Chon ap an ay u : Chon phat bieu sai:
1) Co the ket luan ngay la phan ng khong xay ra t phat khi Go
cua phan ng nay ln hn 0.
2) Co the ket luan ngay la phan ng khong t xay ra khi G cua
phan ng nay ln hn 0 tai ieu kien ang xet.
3) Mot he t xay ra luon lam tang entropi.
4) Ch cac phan ng co Gop < 0 mi xay ra t phat trong thc te.
a) 1, 3 va 4
b) 1 va 3
c) 1 va 4
d) 3
CHNG 8 : CAN BANG HOA HOC VA MC O DIEN RA CUA CAC QUA
TRNH HOA HOC
8.1 Cac khai niem c ban. nh luat tac dung khoi lng trong can bang.
Hang so can bang.
oi vi phan ng mot chieu, toc o phan ng se:
a) Khong oi theo thi gian.
b) Giam dan theo thi gian cho en khi bang mot hang so khac
khong.
c) Tang dan theo thi gian.
d) Giam dan theo thi gian cho en khi bang khong.
8.2 Phan ng thuan nghch la:
35
a) Phan ng co the xay ra theo chieu thuan hay theo chieu

nghch tuy ieu kien phan ng.
b) Phan ng xay ra ong thi theo hai chieu ngc nhau trong cung
mot ieu kien.
c) Phan ng t xay ra cho en khi het cac chat phan ng.
d) Cau a va b eu ung.
8.3 Chon phat bieu ung ve he can bang:
a) He can bang la he trong o co t le thanh phan cac chat
khong thay oi khi ta thay oi cac ieu kien khac.
b) He can bang la he co nhiet o va ap suat xac nh.
c) He ang trang thai can bang la he co cac gia tr thong so
trang thai (to, P, C) khong thay oi theo thi gian.
d) Khong co phat bieu nao ung.
8.4 Ket luan nao di ay la ung khi mot phan ng thuan nghch
co Go< 0:
a) Hang so can bang cua phan ng ln hn 0.
b) Hang so can bang cua phan ng ln hn 1.
c) Hang so can bang cua phan ng nho hn
1.
d) Hang so can bang cua phan ng nho hn
0.
8.5 Cho phan ng aA (l) + bB (k)
cC (k) + dD(l),
can bang Kc. Chon phat bieu ung:
a) G = Go + RTlnKc , khi G = 0 th Go = -RTlnKc
b) Hang so can bang Kc tnh bang bieu thc:
co hang so
CCc CDd
KC = a
C A CBb
Vi CA, CB , CC va CD la nong o cac chat tai luc ang xet.
c) Phan ng luon co KP = KC(RT)nvi n =nsp-nc cua tat ca cac
chat khong phu thuoc vao trang thai ton tai cua chung.
d) Ca ba phat bieu eu sai.
8.6 Gia s he ang can bang, phan ng nao sau ay c coi la
a xay ra hoan toan:
a) FeO (r) + CO (k) = Fe (r) + CO2 (k)
KCb = 0,403
b) 2C (r) + O2 (k) = 2CO (k)
KCb = 1.1016
c) 2 Cl2 (k) + 2 H2O (k) = 4 HCl (k) + O2
KCb = 1,88. 10-15
(k)
d) CH3CH2CH2CH3 (k) = CH3CH(CH3)2 (k)
KCb = 2,5
8.7 Cho mot phan ng thuan nghch trong dung dch long A + B
C
+ D. Hang so can bang Kc ieu kien cho trc bang 200. Mot hon
hp co nong o CA = CB = 10-3M, CC = CD = 0,01M. Trang thai cua he
ieu kien nay nh sau:
a) He ang dch chuyen theo chieu thuan.
b) He ang dch chuyen theo chieu nghch.
c) He nam trang thai can bang.
36
d) Khong the d oan c trang thai cua

phan ng
8.8 Phan ng CaCO3 (r)
CaO (r) + CO2 (k) co hang so can bang Kp
= PCO2. Ap suat hi cua CaCO3, CaO khong co mat trong bieu thc Kp v:
a) Co the xem ap suat hi cua CaCO3 va CaO bang 1 atm.
b) Ap suat hi cua chat ran khong ang ke
c) Ap suat hi chat ran khong phu thuoc vao nhiet o.
d) Ap suat hi cua CaCO3 va CaO la hang so nhiet o xac
nh.
8.9 Cho phan ng CO2 (k) + H2 (k)
CO (k) + H2O (k). Khi phan ng
nay at en trang thai can bang, lng cac chat la 0,4 mol CO2, 0,4
mol H2, 0,8 mol CO va 0,8 mol H2O trong bnh kn co dung tch la 1 lt. Kc cua
phan ng tren co gia tr:
a) 8
b) 6
c) 4
d) 2
8.10 Chon phat bieu ung : cho phan ng A (dd) + B (dd)
C(dd) + D (dd)
Nong o ban au cua moi chat A, B, C, D la 1,5 mol/l. Sau khi can bang
c thiet lap, nong o cua C la 2 mol/l. Hang so can bang Kc cua
he nay la:
a) Kc = 1,5
b) Kc = 2,0
c) Kc = 0,25
d) Kc = 4

Phan ng H2 (k) + O2 (k)
kcal.
H2O (k) co Go298 = -54,64
Tnh Kp ieu kien tieu chuan. Cho R = 1,987 cal/mol.K

a) Kp = 40,1
b) Kp = 1040,1
c) Kp = 10-40,1
d) Kp = -40,1
8.12 mot nhiet o xac nh, phan ng: S (r) + O 2 (k) = SO2 (k) co
hang so can bang
K C = 4,2.1052. Tnh hang so can bang K C cua
phan ng
SO2 (k) = S (r) + O2 (k)
cung nhiet o.
-53
53
b)
2,38.10
c) 4,2.10-52
d) 4,2.10-54
a) 2,38.10
8.2 Anh hng cua cac yeu to en can bang hoa hoc
8.13 Chon phat bieu ung trong nhng phat bieu sau ay:
1) Viec thay oi ap suat ngoai khong lam thay oi trang thai can
bang cua phan ng co tong so mol chat kh cua cac san pham
bang tong so mol chat kh cua cac chat au.
2) Khi tang nhiet o, can bang cua mot phan ng bat ky se dch
chuyen theo chieu thu nhiet.
3) Khi giam ap suat, can bang cua mot phan ng bat ky se dch
chuyen theo chieu tang so phan t kh.
4) He a at trang thai can bang th lng cac chat them vao
khong lam anh hng en trang thai can bang.
a) 1, 2 va 3
b) 1
c) 2 va 3
1, 3 va 4
8.14 Chon y ung:
1) Mot he ang trang thai can bang, neu ta thay oi mot yeu to
(ap suat, nhiet o, nong o) th can bang se chuyen dch theo chieu
chong lai s thay oi o.
37
2) Khi tang nhiet o, can bang se chuyen dch theo chieu phan ng
toa nhiet; khi giam nhiet o, can bang se chuyen dch theo chieu
phan ng thu nhiet.
3) Hang so can bang cua mot phan ng la mot ai lng khong oi
nhiet o xac nh.
4) Khi them mot chat ( tac chat hay san pham) vao he can bang,
can bang se dch chuyen theo chieu lam giam lng chat o.
a) 1 va 3
b) 1 , 3 va 4
c) 1 va 4
d) 1 va 2
Phan ng A (k)
B (k) + C (k) 300oC co Kp = 11,5, 500oC co
Kp = 33
Vay phan ng tren la mot qua trnh:
a) oan nhiet.
b) thu nhiet.
c) ang nhiet.
d) toa
nhiet.
8.16 Mot phan ng t xay ra co G0 < 0. Gia thiet rang bien thien
entanpi va bien thien entropi khong phu thuoc nhiet o, khi tang nhiet
o th hang so can bang Kp se:
a) tang
b) giam
c) khong oi
d) cha the ket
luan c
8.17 Can bang trong phan ng H2 (k) + Cl2 (k)
2HCl (k) se dch
chuyen theo chieu nao neu tang ap suat cua he phan ng?
a) Thuan b) Nghch c) Khong dch
d) Khong the d
chuyen.
oan.
8.18 Cho can bang CO2 (k) + H2 (k)
CO (k) + H2O (k)
Tnh hang so can bang Kc biet rang khi en can bang ta co 0,4
mol CO2; 0,4 mol H2; 0,8 mol CO va 0,8 mol H2O trong mot bnh co dung tch la
1 lt. Neu nen he cho the tch cua he giam xuong, can bang se
chuyen dch nh the nao?
a) Kc = 8 ; theo chieu thuan
b) Kc = 8 ; theo chieu nghch
c) Kc = 4 ; theo chieu thuan
d) Kc = 4 ; khong oi
8.19 Xet phan ng: CH3COOH + C2H5OH
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
Kc = 4
Suy ra hang so can bang cua phan ng thuy phan CH3COOC2H5 la:
a) KC = 1/4
b) KC = 1/2
c) KC = KC
d) KC = -KC
8.20 Chon giai phap hp l nhat:
Cho phan ng :
N2 (k) + O2
2NO (k)
H > 0.
(k)
e thu c nhieu NO ta co the dung cac bien phap :

a) Tang ap suat va giam nhiet b) Tang nhiet o.
o
c) Tang ap suat va tang nhiet d) Giam ap suat.
o.
8.21 Cho phan ng:
2SO2(k) + O2(k)
2SO3(k)
co
< 0
e c nhieu SO3 hn , ta nen chon bien phap nao trong 3 bien phap
sau:
38
1. Giam nhiet o.
2. Tang ap suat.
3. Them O2.
a) Ch co bien
b) Ch co 1
c) Ca 3 bien
d) Ch co 1
phap 1
va 2
phap.
va 3
8.22 Chon y ung:
Tac ong nao se lam tang hieu suat phan ng :
CaCO3(r)
CaO (r) + CO2 (k) , > O
a) Giam nhiet
b) Tang ap
c) Tang nhiet d) Tang nong
o
suat
o
o CO2
8.23 Phan ng N2(k) + O2(k) = 2NO(k) , > 0 ang nam trang thai
can bang. Hieu suat phan ng se tang len khi ap dung cac bien
phap sau:
1) Dung xuc tac .
2) Nen he.
3) Tang nhiet o.
4) Giam ap suat he
phan ng.
a) 1 & 2
b) 1 & 3
c) 1, 3 & 4
d) 3
8.24 Chon cau ung:
Xet he can bang CO (k) + Cl2 (k)
COCl2 (k) , < O
S thay oi nao di ay dan en can bang chuyen dch theo
chieu thuan:
a) Tang nhiet o
b) Giam the tch phan ng bang
cach nen he
c) Giam ap suat
d) Tang nong o COCl2
8.25 Phan ng thuy phan cua ester : ester + nc
axit +
ru
e tang hieu suat phan ng (can bang chuyen dch theo chieu
thuan) ta co the dung cac bien phap nao trong 3 bien phap sau:
1. dung nhieu nc hn.
2. bang cach tien hanh thuy phan trong moi trng baz
3. Loai ru
a) Ch dung c bien
b) Ch dung c bien phap 2
phap 1
c) Ch dung c bien
d) Dung c ca ba bien phap
phap 3
8.26 Cho cac phan ng:

(1) N2 (k) + O2 (k)
(2) N2 (k) + 3H2
(k)
(3) MgCO3 (r)
2NO (k)
2NH3 (k)
o > 0
o < 0
MgO (r) + CO2

o > 0
(k)
Vi phan ng nao ta nen dung nhiet o cao va ap suat thap e
can bang chuyen dch theo chieu thuan.
a) Phan ng
b) Phan ng c) Phan ng d) Phan ng (1)
39
(1)
(2)
(3)
va (2)
8.27 Cac phan ng di ay ang trang thai can bang 25OC.
N2 (k) + O2 (k)
2 NO (k)
(1)
H0 > 0.
0
N2 (k) + 3H2 (k)
2 NH3 (k)
(2)
H < 0.
0
MgCO3 (r)
CO2 (k) + MgO (r)
(3)
H > 0.
0
I2 (k) + H2(k)
2HI (k)
(4)
H < 0
Can bang cua phan ng nao dch chuyen manh nhat theo chieu
thuan khi ong thi ha nhiet o va tang ap suat chung cua:
a) Phan ng 2
b) Phan ng 1
c) Phan ng 3
d) Phan
ng 4
Xet can bang:
2NO2(
N2O4(k)
o298=
k)
-14kcal
(nau
(khong
)
mau)
Trong bon trng hp di, mau nau cua NO2 se am nhat khi:
a) un nong en
b) Lam lanh en
c) Tang ap
d) Gi
373K.
273K
suat.
298K.
8.29 Chon bien phap ung.
Phan ng toa nhiet di ay a at trang thai can bang:
2 A(k) + B(k)
4D (k)
e dch chuyen can bang cua phan ng theo chieu hng tao them
san pham, mot so bien phap sau ay a c s dung:
1) Tang nhiet 2) Them
3) Giam the tch bnh phan
o
chat D
ng
4) Giam
5) Them
6) Tang the tch bnh phan
nhiet o
chat A
ng
a) 1, 3, 5
b) 4,5,6
c) 2,3
d) Giam the
tch bnh
CHNG 10: TOC O VA C CHE PHAN NG HOA HOC
10.1 Cac khai niem c ban. nh luat tac dung khoi lng trong ong hoa hoc.
Ly thuyet c che phan ng hoa hoc.
10.1 Chon ap an ung. Cho phan ng : 2A (k) + B(k) C (k)
Bieu thc toc o phan ng phai la:
a) v = k.CA2.CB
b) v = k. Cc
c) v = k.CAm.CBn , vi m va n la nhng gia tr tm c t
thc nghiem.
d) v = k.CAm.CBn , vi m va n la nhng gia tr tm c t
phng trnh phan ng
10.2 Phan ng phan huy oxit dinit co s o tong quat:
2N2O (k) 2N2 (k) + O2 (k)
v = k[N2O]
Ngi ta cho rang phan ng trai qua hai bc s cap:

Bc 1: N2O N2 + O
Bc 2: N2O + O N2 + O2
Vay, phat bieu nao di ay phu hp vi cac d lieu tren:
a) Phan ng phan huy dinit oxit co bac ong
hoc bang 2.
40
b) Bc 1 co phan t so la n phan t.
c) Oxi nguyen t la xuc tac cua phan ng.
d) Bc 2 la bc quyet nh toc o phan ng.
10.3 Chon y sai: Cho phan ng aA + bB = cC + dD co v = kCAmCBn.
Bac cua phan ng:
1. bang (n + m)
2. t khi ln hn
3. Bang (c+d)
3
(a+b)
4. Co the la
5. Bang a + b
phan so
a) 2 va 3
b) 3 va 4
c) 3 va 5
d) 2 , 3
va 5
10.4 Chon phat bieu ung :
Phan ng 2A + B 2C co bieu thc toc o phan ng la v =
k.CA2.CB , nen :
a) Phan ng bac 3.
b) Phan ng tren la phan
ng phc tap.
c) Bac cua phan ng c tnh trc
d) Cau a va c eu ung.
tiep bang he so ty lng cua cac
chat tham gia phan ng va bang 3.
10.5 Phan ng 2A + 2B + C D + E co cac ac iem sau :
* [A], [B] khong oi, [C] tang gap oi, van toc v khong oi.
* [A] , [C] khong oi, [B] tang gap oi, van toc v tang gap oi.
* [A], [B] eu tang gap oi, van toc V tang gap 8 lan.
Ca ba th nghiem eu cung mot nhiet o
Bieu thc cua van toc V theo cac nong o A, B, C la:
a) v = k[A][B][C]
b) v = k[A][B]2
c) v = k[A]2[B][C]
d) v =
k[A]2[B]
10.6 Cho phan ng: CH3Br (dd) + OH- (dd) CH3OH (dd) + Br (dd). Biet
rang:
Toc o phan ng tang len 2 lan khi tang [OH-] len 2 lan ([CH3Br]
khong oi).
Toc o phan ng tang len 3 lan khi [CH3Br] tang len 3 lan ([OH -]
khong oi).
Viet bieu thc toc o phan ng.

a) v = k [CH3Br] b) v = k [CH3Br]
[OH -]
c) v = k [OH
]
d) v = k [CH3Br]2
[OH -]
10.7 Mot phan ng A + 2B = C bac 1 oi vi [A] va bac 1 oi

vi [B], c thc hien nhiet o khong oi.
a) Neu [A], [B] va [C] eu gap oi, van toc phan ng tang gap 8 lan
va phan ng la phan ng n gian.
b) Neu [A] va [B] eu tang gap oi, van toc phan ng tang len gap
4 lan va phan ng nay la phan ng n gian.
c) Neu [A] tang gap oi, [B] tang gap ba, van toc phan ng tang len
gap 6 lan va phan ng nay la phan ng phc tap.
d) Neu [A] va [B] eu tang gap ba, van toc phan ng tang len gap 6
lan va phan ng nay la phan ng n gian.
10.8 Cho phan ng 2NO (k) + O2 (k) = 2NO2 (k)
41
Bieu thc thc nghiem cua tc phan ng la v = d[NO2]/dt = k

[NO]2[O2].
Co the ket luan rang:
1) Phan ng co bac mot oi vi O2 va bac 2 oi vi NO.
2) Bac cua phan ng c tnh trc tiep t cac he so ty lng
cua cac tac chat.
3) Phan ng co bac chung bang 3.
4) Van toc phan ng trong bieu thc tren la van toc phan ng
trung bnh.
Cac ket luan ung la:
a) 1 ,2 va 3
b) 1, 3 va 4
c) 1 va 3
d) 1, 2, 3 va
4
10.9 Chon cau sai. Hang so toc o phan ng :
a) khong phu thuoc chat
b) khong phu thuoc nong o chat
xuc tac.
phan ng.
c) phu thuoc nhiet o.
d) phu thuoc nang lng hoat hoa
cua phan ng
10.10 Chon cau Sai:
Hang so toc o cua phan ng nA + mB = AnBm
a) phu thuoc vao nong o CA va CB.
b) co gia tr khong oi trong suot qua trnh phan ng ang nhiet.
c) la toc o rieng cua phan ng khi CA = CB = 1 mol.
d) bien oi khi co mat chat xuc tac.
10.11 oi vi phan ng thuan nghch :
a) Phan ng phat nhiet co E*t <
b) Phan ng phat nhiet co
*
En
E*t E*n
*
*
c) Phan ng thu nhiet co E t < E n d) Phan ng thu nhiet co
E*t E*n
10.2 Cac yeu to anh hng en toc o phan ng
10.12 Toc o phan ng ong th kh tang khi tang nong o la do:
a) Tang so va cham cua cac tieu
b) Tang entropi cua phan
phan hoat ong.
ng.
d) Giam nang lng hoat hoa cua
c) Tang hang so toc o
phan ng.
cua phan ng.
Nguyen nhan chnh lam cho toc o phan ng tang len khi tang
nhiet o la :
a) Tan suat va cham gia cac tieu phan tang.

b) Lam giam nang lng hoat hoa cua phan ng.
c) Lam tang entropi cua he.
d) Lam tang so va cham cua cac tieu phan co nang lng ln
hn nang lng hoat hoa.
10.14 S tang nhiet o co tac ong en mot phan ng thuan
nghch :
a) Ch lam tang van toc chieu thu nhiet.
b) Ch lam tang van toc chieu toa nhiet.
c) Lam tang van toc ca chieu thu va toa nhiet, lam cho he mau at
en trang thai can bang mi.
42
d) Tang ong eu van toc ca chieu thu va toa nhiet nen can bang
khong thay oi.
10.15 Khi tang nhiet o to, van toc phan ng tang v s tang nhiet o
o:
a) lam cho G < 0.
b) lam giam nang lng hoat hoa.
c) chu yeu la lam tang so lan va cham gia cac phan t.

d) lam tang nang lng cua cac tieu phan trong he.
10.16 Chat xuc tac co anh hng nh the nao en trang thai can
bang cua phan ng toa nhiet?
a) Lam cho phan ng nhanh at ti can bang
b) Lam tang nang lng cua cac tieu phan.
c) Lam cho phan ng nhanh xay ra hoan toan.
d) Lam cho hieu suat cua phan ng theo chieu thuan tang len..
10.17 Chat xuc tac co anh hng nh the nao en can bang hoa
hoc:
a) Khong anh hng en can bang.
b) Lam can bang dch chuyen theo chieu phan ng nghch.
c) Lam can bang dch chuyen theo chieu phan ng thuan.
d) Lam tang hang so can bang cua phan ng.
10.18 Ho cua phan ng co phu thuoc vao chat xuc tac khong?
a) Co, v chat xuc tac tham gia vao qua trnh phan ng.
b) Khong, v chat xuc tac ch tham gia vao giai oan trung gian cua
phan ng va c phuc hoi sau phan ng. San pham va tac chat
van giong nh khi khong co chat xuc tac.
c) Co, v chat xuc tac lam giam nhiet o can co e phan ng xay
ra.
d) Co, v chat xuc tac lam giam nang lng hoat hoa cua phan ng.
10.19 Chon cac ac tnh ung cua chat xuc tac.
Chat xuc tac lam cho toc o phan ng tang len nh cac ac tnh
sau:
1) Lam cho G cua phan ng am hn.
2) Lam tang van toc phan ng nh lam giam nang lng hoat hoa
cua phan ng.
3) Lam tang van toc cua phan ng nh lam tang van toc chuyen
ong cua cac tieu phan.
4) Lam cho G cua phan ng oi dau t dng sang am.
a) 1 , 2 va 3
b) 1 va 2
c) 2 va 4
d) 2
10.20 Chon cau Sai. Chat xuc tac:
a) Khong lam thay oi cac ac trng nhiet ong cua phan ng.
b) Ch co tac dung xuc tac vi mot phan ng nhat nh.
c) Lam giam nang lng hoat hoa cua phan ng.
d) Lam thay oi hang so can bang cua phan ng.
10.21 Chon y sai:
Toc o phan ng cang ln khi:
a) nang lng hoat hoa cua phan ng
cang ln.
43
b) entropi hoat hoa cang ln.

c) so va cham co hieu qua gia cac tieu
phan cang ln.
d) nhiet o cang cao.
10.22 Chon cau ung

Toc o cua phan ng d the :
a) tang len khi tang be mat tiep xuc pha
b) cua bat ky phan ng nao cung tang len khi khuay tron
c) ch c quyet nh bi tng tac hoa hoc cua ban than chat phan
ng.
c) phu thuoc vao be mat tiep xuc pha ma khong phu thuoc vao nong
o chat phan ng.
10.23 Chon cau ung. Toc o cua phan ng hoa tan kim loai ran trong
dung dch axit se :
1) Giam xuong khi giam nhiet o phan ng
2) Tang len khi tang kch thc cac hat kim loai.
3) Giam xuong khi giam ap suat phan ng.
4)tang len khi tang nong o axt.
a) 1 , 2 va 4
b) 1, 3 va 4
c) 1, 2 va 3
d) 1 va 4
10.24 Chon ap an ung va ay u nhat:
Co mot so phan ng tuy co G < 0 song trong thc te phan ng
van khong xay ra. Vay co the ap dung nhng bien phap nao trong
cac cach sau e phan ng xay ra:
1. Dung xuc tac
2. Tang nhiet o
3. Tang nong o
4. Nghien nho cac tac chat
tac chat
ran
a) 1 va 2
b) 1 va 3
c) 1 , 2 va 4
d) 1, 2, 3 va 4
10.25 Chon cau tra li ay u nhat .
e tang toc o cua phan ng d pha co s tham gia cua

chat ran ta co the dung nhng bien phap nao trong cac bien
phap sau ay :
1/ Tang nhiet o.
2/ Dung xuc tac.
3/ Tang nong o cac chat
4/ Giam nong o san
phan ng.
pham phan ng tren be
5/ Nghien nho cac chat phan mat chat phan ng ran.
ng ran.
a) Tat ca cac bien phap
b) Cac bien phap 1, 2, 3, 5.
tren.
c) Cac bien phap 1 , 2 , 3.
d) Cac bien phap 1, 2 3, 4.
10.26 Phan ng CO (k) + Cl2 (k) COCl2 (k) la phan ng n gian. Neu
nong o CO tang t 0,1M len 0,4M; nong o Cl2 tang t 0,3M len 0,9M
th toc o phan ng thay oi nh the nao?
a) Tang 3 lan b) Tang 4 lan c) tang 7 lan
d) Tang 12
lan
Mot phan ng ket thuc sau 3 gi 20oC. nhiet o nao phan ng
se ket thuc sau 20 phut, biet he so nhiet o cua phan ng la 3.
44
a) 30oC
b) 40oC
c) 50oC
d)
60oC
10.28 100oC, mot phan ng ket thuc sau 3 gi. He so nhiet o cua
phan ng la 3. Khi tang nhiet o phan ng len 120oC th thi gian
phan ng se la:
a) 20 phut.
b) 60 phut.
c) 9 gi.
d) ap so
khac.
10.29 Phan ng thuan nghch A2 (k) + B2 (k)
2AB (k)
Co he so nhiet o cua phan ng thuan va phan ng nghch lan
lt la 2 va 3. Hoi khi tang nhiet o can bang dch chuyen theo chieu
nao va t o suy ra dau cua Ho cua phan ng thuan.
a) Nghch, H0 <
b) Nghch, H0 >
c) Thuan, H0 <
d) Thuan, H0
0
0
0
>0
AP AN PHAN 2: LY THUYET DIEN RA CAC QUA TRNH HOA HOC

Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
6.1
b
6.11
b
6.21
c
6.31
b
7.1
b
7.11
d
7.21
b
7.31
b
8.1
d
8.11
b
8.21
6.2
b
6.12
d
6.22
b
6.32
d
7.2
c
7.12
a
7.22
c
7.32
a
8.2
b
8.12
b
8.22
6.3
d
6.13
c
6.23
d
6.33
b
7.3
b
7.13
b
7.23
d
7.33
b
8.3
c
8.13
a
8.23
6.4
a
6.14
d
6.24
d
6.34
c
7.4
a
7.14
a
7.24
d
7.34
d
8.4
b
8.14
b
8.24
6.5
b
6.15
c
6.25
c
6.35
c
7.5
c
7.15
a
7.25
b
7.35
c
8.5
d
8.15
b
8.25
45
6.6
b
6.16
d
6.26
b
6.7
b
6.17
a
6.27
a
6.8
c
6.18
a
6.28
b
6.9
d
6.19
a
6.29
a
6.10
c
6.20
c
6.30
a
7.6
a
7.16
c
7.26
c
7.36
b
8.6
b
8.16
d
8.26
7.7
b
7.17
c
7.27
a
7.37
d
8.7
a
8.17
c
8.27
7.8
c
7.18
a
7.28
a
7.38
c
8.8
d
8.18
d
8.28
7.9
c
7.19
b
7.29
b
7.39
b
8.9
c
8.19
a
8.29
7.10
c
7.20
d
7.30
c
7.40
a
8.10
d
8.20
b
ap an
Cau
c
10.1
c
10.2
d
10.3
b
10.4
d
10.5
c
10.6
a
10.7
a
10.8
b
10.9
ap an
cau
c
10.1
1
a
10.2
1
a
b
10.1
2
a
10.2
2
a
c
10.1
3
d
10.2
3
d
a
10.1
4
c
10.2
4
a
d
10.1
5
d
10.2
5
a
b
10.1
6
a
10.2
6
d
c
10.1
7
a
10.2
7
b
c
10.1
8
b
10.2
8
a
a
10.1
9
d
10.2
9
a
ap an
Cau
ap an
10.1
0
a
10.2
0
d
PHAN 3 : LY THUYET VE DUNG DCH. PHAN NG TRAO OI ION

VA PHAN NG OXY HOA KH TRONG DUNG DCH
CHNG 11: DUNG DCH LONG
nh ngha dung dch, nong o, o tan , ng lng
11.1 ng lng cua KMnO4 (Phan t lng M) bang:
a) M/1
b) M/3
c) M/5
d) Tuy thuoc vao
phan ng
11.2. Cho phan ng: Al2(SO4)3 + 2NaOH = Na2SO4 + 2[Al(OH)2]2SO4
ng lng gam cua Al2(SO4)3 va NaOH lan lt bang: (Cho biet phan
t gam cua Al2(SO4)3 bang 342g va cua NaOH bang 40g)
a) 342g ; 40g
b) 171g ; 40g
c) 57g ; 20g
d) 114g;
40g
11.3 Cho phan ng: 2MnO2 + O2 + 4KOH = 2K2MnO4 + 2H2O
ng lng gam cua MnO2 va O2 lan lt bang: (cho biet phan t gam
cua MnO2 bang 87g va cua O2 bang 32g)
a) 43,5g; 16g
b) 87g ; 16g
c) 43,5g ; 8g
d) 21,75g ;
8g
11.4 Cho phan ng:
2KAl(SO4)2.24H2O + 4NaOH = 2Na2SO4 + [Al(OH)2]2SO4 + K2SO4 + 48H2O
ng lng gam cua KAl(SO4)2.24H2O va NaOH lan lt bang: (Cho biet
phan t gam cua KAl(SO4)2.24H2O bang 690g va cua NaOH bang 40g)
a) 690g ; 40g
b) 345g ; 40g
c) 172,5g ; 20g
d) 230g;
40g
11.5 Cho phan ng: MnO2 + 4HClac, nong = MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
ng lng gam cua MnO2 va HCl lan lt bang: (cho biet phan t gam
cua MnO2 bang 87g va cua HCl bang 36,5g)
a) 43,5g; 36,5g
b) 21,75g ; 18,25g c) 87g ; 35,5g
d) 21,75g ;
35,5g
11.6 Chon cau ung. o tan cua cac chat trong nc la:
a) So ml kh t tan tan toi a trong 100g nc ieu kien
46
a cho.
b) So gam chat tan tan toi a trong 100ml nc ieu
kien a cho.
c) So mol chat ien ly ran t tan tan toi a trong 1 lt nc
ieu kien a cho.
d) Ca a, b, c eu ung.
11.7 Chon phat bieu ung trong cac phat bieu sau:
a) o tan cua a so chat t tan giam khi nhiet o cua dung dch
tang.
b) o tan cua chat t tan ch phu thuoc vao ban chat chat t
tan o va nhiet o.
c) o tan chat t tan se tang khi cho vao dung dch ion cung loai
vi 1 trong cac ion cua chat t tan o.
d) Khong co phat bieu nao ung.
11.8 Chon cac phat bieu sai:
1) Dung dch loang la dung dch cha bao hoa v nong o chat tan
nho.
2) Dung dch la mot he ong the.
3) Thanh phan cua mot hp chat la xac nh con thanh phan cua
dung dch co the thay oi.
4) Dung dch bao hoa la dung dch am ac.
a) 1, 3
b) 2, 4
c) 2, 3
d) 1, 4
11.9 Dung dch A co nong o phan tram C%, nong o mol CM, khoi lng
rieng d (g/ml), phan t lng cua A la M, s la o tan tnh theo g/100g H2O.
Bieu thc sai la:
a) s = 100. C%/(100- C%
b) CM = 10 C%.d/M
c) C% = CM . M/(10.d)
d) C% = 100.s / (100-s)
1) Nong o phan phan t gam la so phan khoi lng (tnh theo n v
gam) cua chat tan hoac cua dung moi trong dung dch.
2) Nong o ng lng gam c bieu dien bang so mol chat tan trong
1 lt dung dch.
3) oi vi mot dung dch, nong o ng lng gam cua mot chat co
the nho hn nong o phan t gam cua no.
4) Nong o molan cho biet so mol chat tan trong mot lt dung dch.
5) Can biet khoi lng rieng cua dung dch khi chuyen nong o phan
tram C% thanh nong o phan t gam hoac nong o ng lng
gam.
6) Khoi lng rieng cua mot chat la khoi lng (tnh bang gam) cua 1
cm3 chat o.
a) 1, 2, 5, 6
b) 1 , 5, 6
c) 5 , 6
d) 3, 5, 6
e pha che 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 10-4N th so ml dung dch H2SO4 2.102
N phai lay la:
a) 0,5 ml
b) 1 ml
c) 2 ml
d) 0,25 ml
11.12 Tnh the tch dung dch (lt) HCl 4M can thiet e co the pha thanh
1lit dung dch HCl 0,5M.
a) 0,125 l
b) 0,0125 l
c) 0,875 l
d) 12,5 l
47
Cac nh luat ve dung dch loang

11.13 Chon phat bieu ung.
a) Mot chat long soi mot nhiet o tai o ap suat hi bao
hoa cua chat long bang ap suat moi trng.
b) Khi hoa tan mot chat A trong chat long B, ap suat hi bao hoa
cua B tang.
c) Nc luon luon soi 100oC.
d) Nc muoi soi nhiet o thap hn nc nguyen chat.
a) cung nhiet o T, ap suat hi bao hoa cua dung moi trong dung
dch nghch bien vi nong o chat tan.
b) o giam tng oi ap suat hi bao hoa cua dung moi trong dung
dch bang nong o phan mol cua chat tan.
c) Nhiet o ket tinh cua dung moi trong dung dch nghch bien vi nong
o mol cua dung dch.
d) Ap suat hi bao hoa cua dung dch loang phan t t le thuan vi
nong o phan mol cua chat tan.
a)Nhiet o soi cua chat long la nhiet o o ap suat hi
bao hoa cua no bang vi ap suat moi trng.
b)Nhiet o soi cua dung dch cha chat tan khong bay hi luon
luon cao hn nhiet o soi cua dung moi nguyen chat cung
ieu kien ap suat ngoai.
c)Nhiet o ong ac cua dung moi nguyen chat luon thap
hn nhiet o ong ac cua dung moi trong dung dch.
d)Ap suat hi bao hoa cua dung moi trong dung dch luon nho
hn ap suat hi bao hoa cua dung moi tinh khiet.
11.16 chon cau ung.
a) o giam tng oi ap suat hi bao hoa cua dung moi trong
dung dch bang phan mol cua dung moi trong dung dch.
b) Ap suat hi bao hoa cua dung moi trong dung dch luon nho
hn ap suat hi bao hoa cua dung moi tinh khiet cung gia
tr nhiet o.
c) Ap suat hi bao hoa cua dung moi trong dung dch t le
thuan vi phan mol cua chat tan trong dung dch.
d) Ap suat hi bao hoa cua dung dch loang phan t khong
phu thuoc vao ban chat cua chat tan.
11.17 Chon cau tra li chnh xac. Nhiet o soi cua chat long la nhiet
o ma tai o:
a) Ap suat hi bao hoa cua chat long bang ap suat ben
ngoai.
b) Ap suat hi bao hoa cua chat long bang 760mmHg.
c) Ap suat hi bao hoa cua chat long >760mmHg.
d) Ap suat hi bao hoa cua chat long < 760mmHg.
11.18 Vi ai lng k trong cong thc nh luat Raoult 2: T = kCm , phat
bieu nao sau ay la chnh xac:
a) k la hang so phu thuoc vao nong o chat tan, nhiet o va
ban chat dung moi.
b) k la hang so phu thuoc vao nhiet o va ban chat dung moi.
48
c) k la hang so ch phu thuoc vao ban chat dung moi.

d) k la hang so phu thuoc vao ban chat chat tan va dung moi.
11.19 Chon cau ung. ap suat khong oi, nong o dung dch loang
(co chat tan khong bay hi va khong tao dung dch ran vi dung moi)
cang tang th :
a) Nhiet o soi tang.
b) Nhiet o soi giam.
c) Nhiet o ong ac
d) Cac cau a va c eu ung.
giam.
11.20 Hoa tan 5 gam moi chat C6H12O6, C12H22O11 va C3H5(OH)3 trong 500 gam
nc. Trong cac day sau, day nao xep cac chat tren theo nhiet o
soi cua dung dch tang dan: (cho biet nguyen t gam cua C =12, O = 16
va H = 1)(cac chat tren khong bay hi)
a) C12H22O11 < C6H12O6 < C3H5(OH)3
b) Khong sap c
c) C3H5(OH)3 < C6H12O6 < C12H22O11
d) C12H22O11 < C3H5(OH)3 <
C6H12O6
11.21 Tnh ap suat hi bao hoa cua nc trong dung dch cha 5g chat
tan trong 100g nc nhiet o 25oC. Cho biet nhiet o nay nc tinh
khiet co ap suat hi bao hoa bang 23,76mmHg va khoi lng phan
t chat tan bang 62,5g.
a) 23,4mmHg
b) 0,34mmHg
c) 22,6mmHg
d)
19,0mmHg
o
11.22 25 C, ap suat hi bao hoa cua nc nguyen chat la
23,76mmHg. Khi hoa tan 2,7mol glyxerin vao 100mol H2O nhiet o tren
th o giam ap suat hi bao hoa cua dung dch bang:
a) 23,13mmHg
b) 0,64mmHg
c) 0,62mmHg
d)23,10mm
Hg
11.23 So sanh nhiet o soi cua cac dung dch CH3OH (t1) , CH3CHO (t2) va
C2H5OH (t3) cung cha B gam chat tan trong 1000g nc co: (biet rang
cac chat nay cung bay hi cung vi nc)
a) t3 > t2 > t1
b) t1 > t2 > t3
c) t2 > t1 > t3
d) khong u d
lieu e tnh.
11.24 Dung dch nc cua mot chat tan khong ien li soi 373,52 oK.
Nong o molan cua dung dch nay la : ( Ks = 0,52):
a) 0,01
b) 1,0
c) 10
d) 0,1
11.25 Trong 200g dung moi cha A g ng gluco co khoi lng phan t
M; hang so nghiem ong cua dung moi la K. Hoi bieu thc nao ung
oi vi T:
a) T = 5k.(A/M) b) T = k.(A/M)
c) T = 1/5k.
d) T = k.A
(A/M)
11.26 Dung dch nc cua mot chat tan bay hi khong ien li soi
100,26oC. Nong o molan cua dung dch nay la: (hang so nghiem soi
cua nc Ks = 0,52)
a) 0,75
b) 1
c) 0,5
d) khong u d lieu
e tnh
11.27 Hoa tan 0,4g mot hp chat hu c X vao 25g axit acetic th dung dch
bat au ong ac 16,15oC. Biet rang axit acetic nguyen chat ong
ac 16,60oC va hp chat X tao dung dch ran vi axit acetic. Cho biet
hang so nghiem lanh cua axit acetic la 3,6. Tnh phan t gam cua X.
49
a) 228g
b) 256g
c) 128g
d) khong u d
lieu e tnh

1) Ap suat tham thau cua dung dch co o ln bang ap suat gay
ra bi chat tan neu chat nay the kh l tng, chiem the tch
bang the tch cua dung dch va cung nhiet o vi nhiet o
cua dung dch.
2) Ap suat tham thau t le thuan vi nhiet o cua dung dch.
3) Ap suat tham thau cua mot dung dch ien li va khong ien li
cung nhiet o va cung nong o mol la khac nhau.
4) nh luat Vant Hoff ( ve ap suat tham thau) ung cho dung dch
bat ky nong o nao.
5) Ap suat tham thau tnh theo nong o ng lng gam cua dung dch.
a) 1, 2 , 3
b) 1, 3 , 5
c) tat ca eu
d) Ch co cau 4
ung
sai
11.29 Bieu thc toan hoc cua nh luat Raoult II co dang:
a) t = k.Cm (Cm nong o
b) t = k.CM (CM nong o mol)
molan).
c) t = kCN (CN nong o ng
d) t = kC% (C% nong o
lng)
phan tram)
CHNG 12: DUNG DCH IEN Li
Dung dch ien li, o ien li (), hang so ien li (K)
12.1 Mot chat ien ly trung bnh 25oC co o ien ly :
a) 0,03<<0,3 nong o dung dch bang 0,1 N
b) 0,03<<0,3 nong o dung dch bang 1 N
c) 0,03<<0,3 nong o dung dch bang 0,1M
d) 0,03<<0,3 nong o dung dch bang 1M
12.2 chon phat bieu ung:
1) Ch cac hp chat ion mi b ien li khi chung tan trong nc.
2) Hang so ien li khong thay oi khi thay oi nong o dung dch.
3) Hang so ien li la ai lng phu thuoc vao ban chat chat ien li,
ban chat dung moi va nhiet o.
4) Hang so ien li la hang so can bang tuan theo nh luat tac dung
khoi lng Guldberg Waage.
a) 2, 3, 4
b) 1, 2, 4
c) 1, 3 , 4
d) Tat ca
eu ung
12.3 Kha nang ien li thanh ion trong dung dch nc xay ra cac hp
chat co lien ket cong hoa tr khong cc (1), cong hoa tr phan cc
manh (2), ion (3), cong hoa tr phan cc yeu (4) thay oi theo chieu:
a) (1) < (2) < (3) < (4)
b) (1) > (2) > (3) > (4)
c) (1) < (2) < 4) < (3)
d) (1) < (4) < (2) < (3)
12.4 ap so cua bai toan di ay la:
Trong dung dch HF 0,1M co 8% HF b ion hoa. Hoi hang so ien li cua
HF bang bao nhieu?
a) 7,0.10-4
b) 7,0.10-2
c) 6,4.10-2
d) 6,4.10-4
12.5 Chon phat bieu chnh xac:
1) o ien li () tang khi nong o cua chat ien li tang.
50
2) o ien li () khong the ln hn 1.

3) o ien li tang len khi nhiet o tang.
4) Chat ien li yeu la chat co < 0,03
a) Tat ca eu
b)1, 2, 3
c) 3, 4
d) 2, 3
ung
12.6 Chon nhan xet chnh xac. o ien li cua chat ien li:
a) Tang len khi tang nhiet o va khi giam nong o dung dch.
b) Tang len khi giam nhiet o va khi tang nong o dung dch.
c) La hang so nhiet o xac nh.
d) Khong phu thuoc vao nong o dung dch.
a) o ien li () cua mot chat ien li yeu cang ln khi hang so
ien li cua no cang ln.
b) Neu mot chat ien li yeu nong o 0,01M co o ien ly
bang 0,01 th nong o 0,001M, o ien li cua no ln hn 0,01.
c) o ien li cua chat ien li yeu luon nho hn 1.
d) Khi them mot acid manh vao dung dch mot acid yeu, o ien li
cua acid yeu tang.
12.8 Dung dch chat ien li AB2 co he so ang trng i = 1,84, vay o
ien li cua chat nay trong dung dch la:
a) 0,44
b) 0,84
c) 0,42
d) 0,28
12.9 Hoa tan 155 mg mot baz hu c n chc (M = 31) vao 50ml nc,
dung dch thu c co pH = 10. Tnh o phan li cua baz nay:
a) 5%
b) 0,1%
c) 1%
d) 0,5%
12.10 Cho 1 dung dch co 0,5 mol KNO3 trong 500g nc. cung ieu kien
ap suat, nhiet o ong ac cua dung dch tren thap hn nhiet o
ong ac cua nc la 3,01oC. Hang so nghiem ong cua nc la
1,86.o/mol. Vay o ien li bieu kien cua KNO3 trong dung dch tren la:
a) 52,0%
b) 61,8%
c) 5,2%
d) 6,2%
12.11 Chon nhan xet chnh xac.
cung ieu kien , dung dch ien li so vi dung dch phan t co:
a) Ap suat hi bao hoa thap hn, nhiet o soi cao hn.
b) Ap suat hi bao hoa cao hn, nhiet o soi cao hn.
c) Nhiet o ong ac cao hn, ap suat hi bao hoa cao hn.
d) Ap suat hi bao hoa thap hn, nhiet o ong ac cao hn.
12.12 Hoa tan 0.585 gam NaCl vao 1 lt H2O. Ap suat tham thau cua dung
dch nay 25oC co gia tr la: (Cho biet MNaCl = 58,5 va R = 0,082 lit ,
atm / mol. K; coi = 1)
a) 0.488 atm
b) 0.244 atm
c) 0.041 atm
d) 0.0205 atm
12.13 Chon cac cau sai:
1) Ch cac chat ien li manh mi can s dung khai niem hoat o (a)
thay cho nong o trong bieu thc nh luat tac dung khoi lng.
2) Khi pha loang dung dch th he so hoat o (f) tang.
3) Cac dung dch chat ien li yeu luon co he so hoat o (f) bang
1.
a) 1, 2, 3
b) 1, 2
c) 2, 3
d) 1, 3
51
12.14 Chon cau sai:

a) Hoat o cua chat la nong o bieu kien cua no trong dung
dch.
b) Hoat o cua ion phu thuoc vao lc ion cua dung dch.
c) Hang so ien li thay oi khi tnh theo nong o cua ion .
d) Nong o cua ion trong dung dch thng nho hn hoat o cua
no.
12.15 Chon cau ung. Cho cac dung dch nc loang cua C6H12O6, NaCl,
MgCl2, Na3PO4. Biet chung co cung nong o molan va o ien li cua
cac muoi NaCl, MgCl2 va Na3PO4 eu bang 1. o giam ap suat hi bao
hoa cua nc trong chung thay oi nh the nao theo th t cua day
tren:
a) Bang nhau
b) Giam dan
c) tang dan
d) Khong co quy
luat
12.16 Trat t sap xep nao cua cac dung dch 0,01M cua nhng chat
cho di ay la phu hp vi s giam dan ap suat tham thau (cac
muoi ien li hoan toan):
a) CaCl2 NaCl CH3COOH C6H12O6
b) CH3COOH NaCl C6H12O6 CaCl2
c) C6H12O6 - CH3COOH NaCl - CaCl2
d) CaCl2 - CH3COOH C6H12O6
NaCl
12.17 Chon cau ung.
Qua trnh hoa tan tinh the KOH trong nc xay ra kem theo s thay oi
entropi chuyen pha (Scp) va entropi solvat hoa (Ss) nh sau:
a) Scp > 0 , Ss < 0
b) Scp < 0 , Ss < 0
c) Scp < 0 , Ss > 0
d) Scp > 0 , Ss > 0
CHNG 13: CAN BANG ION CUA AXIT BAZ
Cac l thuyet axit baz
13.1 Chon phat bieu ung va ay u nhat. Cac chat lng tnh theo
thuyet proton (thuyet bronsted) trong cac chat sau: NH4+, CO32-, HCO3-, H2O,
HCl la:
a) HCO3- va
b) HCO3- va H2O c) HCO3- , H2O va
d) NH4+ va
CO32HCl
HCl
Cho cac chat sau: CH3COOH , H2PO4-, NH4+ , theo thuyet proton, cac cap axit
baz lien hp xuat phat t chung la:
a) CH3COOH2+/CH3COOH; CH3COOH/CH3COO-; H3PO4/H2PO4- ; H2PO4-/PO43- ; NH4+/NH3;
b) CH3COOH2+/CH3COO-; CH3COOH/CH3COO-; H3PO4/H2PO4- ; H2PO4-/HPO42- ;
NH4+/NH3;
c) CH3COOH2+/CH3COOH; CH3COOH/CH3COO-; H3PO4/H2PO4- ; H2PO4-/HPO42- ;
NH52+/NH4+
d) CH3COOH2+/CH3COOH; CH3COOH/CH3COO-; H3PO4/H2PO4- ; H2PO4-/HPO42-;
NH4+/NH3;
13.3 Chon cau tra li ung. Cau nao trong so cac cau di ay sai:
1) Baz lien hp cua mot axit manh la mot baz yeu va ngc lai.
2) oi vi cap axit-baz lien hp NH4+ / NH3 trong dung dch nc ta
co : KNH4+ . KNH3 = Kn, trong o Kn la tch so ion cua nc.
52
3) Hang so ien li cua NH3 trong dung dch nc la 1,8 x 10-5, suy ra
KNH4+ = 5,62 x 10-10.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) khong co
cau sai
13.4 Da vao ai lc proton cua cac dung moi NH3 va HCl cho biet
CH3COOH the hien tnh chat g trong dung moi o:
a) Tnh baz trong HCl, tnh axit trong
c) Tnh baz trong ca 2 dung
NH3.
moi.
b) Tnh baz trong NH3, tnh axit trong
d) Tnh axit trong ca 2 dung
HCl.
moi.
13.5 Cho cac phan ng:
1) MgCl2 + 6H2O = MgCl2.6H2O
2) BH3 + NaH = Na[BH4]
3) Ni2+ + 4NH3 = [Ni(NH3)4]2+
Cac chat axit va baz trong cac phan ng tren theo thuyet electron
(thuyet lewis) la:
a) axit: H2O , BH3 va NiCl2 ; baz : MgCl2 , NaH va NH3
b) axit: MgCl2 , BH3 va NiCl2 ; baz : H2O, NaH va NH3
c) axit: MgCl2, NaH va NiCl2 ; baz: H2O, BH3 va NH3
d) axit: MgCl2, BH3 va NH3 ; baz H2O, NaH va NiCl2
Cac hang so ien li axit, baz, tch so tan, tch so ion cua nc, pH cua dung
dch, dung dch em, ch th pH
13.6 Chon cac phat bieu ung.
1) Theo thuyet proton, cac hang so ien ly cua axit, baz co
cung ban chat vi hang so thuy phan.
2) o tan va o ien li co cung ban chat.
3) Theo thuyet proton, o ien ly va o thuy phan co cung ban
chat.
4) Hang so ien li cua axit, hang so ien li baz va tch so tan eu la
hang so can bang tuan theo nh luat Guldberg Waage.
a) 3 , 4
b) 1 , 2 , 4
c) 1, 3 , 4
d) Tat ca
eu ung
1) Axit cang yeu th pKa cang ln.
2) Dung dch mot baz yeu co pH cang nho khi pKb cua no cang
ln.
3) Baz cang manh khi pKb cang ln
4) Gia pKa va pKb cua H2PO4- co quan he pKa + pKb = -lgKn.
a) 1, 3, 4
b) 2,3
c) 1, 2, 4
d) 1, 2
13.8 Khi hoa tan H3PO4 vao nc, trong dung dch se ton tai cac ion H+;
HPO42-; H2PO4-; PO43- Cac tieu phan nay c sap xep theo th t nong
o tang dan nh sau:
a) PO43- < HPO42- < H2PO4- <
b) H+ < PO43- < HPO42- <
H+
H2PO4+
2c) H < H2PO4 < HPO4 <
d) H+ < H2PO4- < HPO42- <
PO43PO43+
13.9 So lng ion H cha trong 1 lt dung dch co pOH = 13 la:
a) 6,023.1010
b) 6,023.1022
c) 6,023.1023
d)
6,023.1013
53
13.10 pH cua dung dch nao se hau nh khong thay oi khi pha loang 2
lan ( coi f =1)
a) dung dch cha NH4OH va
b) dung dch cha HCl va NaCl
NaOH
c) dung dch cha CH3COOH va
d) dung dch cha NH4OH va
HCl
NH4Cl
pH cua nc se thay oi nh the nao khi them 0,01 mol NaOH vao
100 lt nc:
a) tang 3 n v b) tang 4 n v c) giam 4 n v d) giam 3 n v
13.12 Cho 4 dung dch nc cha:
1) HCl va
2) CH3COOH &
3) NH4Cl & NH3 4) CH3COOH &
NaCl
CH3COONa
NH3
Trong 4 dung dch nay, nhng dung dch c s dung lam dung dch em
la:
a) 1, 2, 3
b) 2, 3
c) 1, 3 , 4
d) 2, 3, 4
13.13 Trong so cau di ay cau sai la:
1) Dung dch em co gia tr pH xac nh va hau nh khong thay oi
khi pha loang dung dch.
2) He em baz c tao r a t dung dch baz yeu va muoi cua no
vi mot axit yeu.
3) He em axit c tao ra t dung dch axit yeu va muoi cua no vi
mot baz manh.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) Khng co cau
sai
13.14 Cho 4 dung dch sau:
1) CH3COOH + CH3COONa pha theo ty le mol 1:1
2) CH3COOH + NaOH pha theo ty le mol 1 : 1
4) HCl + NH3 pha theo ty le mol 1:1
Trong 4 dung dch tren, dung dch nao co the dung c lam dung dch
em?
a) 1, 3 va 4
b) 1 va 3
c) Ca 4 dung
d) 1
dch
13.15 Cho 4 dung dch sau:
1) CH3COOH + CH3COONa pha theo ty le mol 1 : 1
2) HCl + NH3 pha theo ty le mol 0,5 : 1
3) CH3COOH + NaOH pha theo ty le mol 2 : 0,1
Trong 4 dung dch tren, dung dch nao co tnh chat em ?
a) 1, 3 va 4
b) 1 va 3
c) 1, 2
d) 1, 2 va
4
13.16 pH cua dung dch nao se hau nh khong thay oi khi pha loang 2 lan
bang nc :
1. CH3COONH4 2. HCl & NaCl
3. NH4Cl & NH3
4. CH3COONa &
CH3COOH
a) 3
b) 1, 3, 4
c) 2, 3, 4
d) 2, 3
13.17 Chon phng an ung.
54
Axit CH3COOH co pKa = 4,75. Muon co c he em acetat co pH =

4,75 can phai:
1) Tron (V/2) cm3 CH3COOH 0,1M + V cm3 CH3COONa 0,05M
2) Tron V cm3 CH3COOH 0,1M + V cm3 CH3COONa 0,1M
3) Tron 2V cm3 CH3COOH 0,1M + V cm3 CH3COONa 0,2M
a) 2
b) 1,2, 3
c) 1, 3
d) 1,2
13.18 Tnh pH cua dung dch nc cha NH4OH 0,3 M va NH4Cl 0,1M
(Kb cua NH4OH : 1,8. 10-5):
a) 9,26
b) 4,74
c) 4,26
d) 9,73
13.19 Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1N co o ien ly = 0,01. Suy ra dung dch axit
a cho co o pH bang:
a) 13
b) 1
c) 3
d) 11
13.20 pH cua mot dung dch acid HA 0,15 N o c la 2,8. Tnh pKa cua
acid nay.
a) 4,78
b) 3,42
c) 4,58
d) 2,33
13.21 pH cua mot dung dch acid HA 0,0015 N o c la 2,9. Tnh pKa cua
acid nay.
a) 2,90
b) 2,30
c) 2,98
d) 2,18
13.22 Tnh pH cua dung dch boric acid 0.1 M cho pKa1 , pKa2 va pKa3 lan lt
bang 9,24; 12,74 va 13,80.
a) 5,00
b) 5,08
c) 5,12
d) 6,77
13.23 Tnh pH cua he khi cho 50ml dung dch NaOH 0,1N vao 50ml dung dch
HF 0,1N.
Cho biet hang so ien ly axit HF bang 1.10-3,18
a) 8,1
b) 5,9
c) 6,1
d) 7,9
13.24 Tnh pH cua he khi cho 50ml dung dch NaOH 0,1N vao 50ml dung dch
HF 0,2N.
Cho biet hang so ien ly axit HF bang 1.10-3,18
a) 3,18
b) 2,88
c) 3,48
d) 2,24
13.25 Tnh pH cua he khi cho 50ml dung dch HCl 0,1N vao 80ml dung dch
NH4OH 0,1N.
Cho biet hang so ien li baz NH4OH bang 1.10-4,75
a) 4,55
b) 9,45
c) 4,75
d)9,25
13.26 Tnh pH cua dung dch trong 2 trng hp sau:
1) Rot 50 ml dung dch CH3COOH 0,1N vao 50 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1N
2) Rot 50 ml dung dch CH3COOH 0,15N vao 50ml dung dch NaOH 0,1N
a) (1) 10,23 ; (2)
b) (1) 8,88; (2)
c) (1) 8,73 ; (2)
d) (1) 8,73 ; (2)
5,06
4,46
5,06
4,46
13.27 Sap cac dung dch co cung nong o mol cua cac chat sau ay
theo th t pH tang dan: H2SO4, CH3COOH, HCl, Na2CO3. (khong can tnh cu
the gia tr cua pH).
a) H2SO4 < HCl < CH3COOH <
b) Na2CO3 < CH3COOH < HCl =
Na2CO3
H2SO4
c) H2SO4 = HCl < CH3COOH <
d) Na2CO3 < CH3COOH < HCl <
Na2CO3
H2SO4
CHNG 14: CAN BANG ION CUA CHAT IEN LY KHO TAN
14.1 So sanh o tan (S) cua Ag2CrO4 vi CuI cung nhiet o , biet
chung la chat t tan va co tch so tan bang nhau:
55
a) sAgCrO4 > sCuI
b) sAgCrO4 = sCuI
c) sAgCrO4 < sCuI
d) sAgCrO4 <<
sCuI
14.2 Chon so sanh ung: Cho biet tch so tan cua Ag2CrO4 va CuI bang
nhau (T = 1.10-11,96 ).
So sanh nong o cac ion :
a) [Ag+] = [CrO42-] > [Cu+] = [I-]
b) [Ag+] > [CrO42-] = [Cu+] = [I-]
c) khong so sanh c
d) [Ag+] > [CrO42-] > [Cu+] = [I-]
-4
14.3 Tron 50 ml dung dch Ca(NO3)2 1.10 M vi 50 ml dung dch SbF3 2.10-4M.
Tnh tch [Ca2+][F-]2. CaF2 co ket tua hay khong, biet tch so tan cua CaF2 T
= 1.10-10,4.
a) 1.10-10,74 , khong co ket b) 1.10-9,84 , co ket tua.
tua
c) 1.10-11,34, khong co ket d) 1.10-80, khong co ket tua
tua
14.4 Khi them Ion NO3- vao dung dch AgCl se:
a) Lam tang o tan cua
b) Khong lam thay oi o tan
AgCl.
cua AgCl.
c) Lam giam o tan cua
d) Ca 3 trng hp tren eu co
AgCl.
the xay ra.
14.5 Chon ap an ung.
Nho tng giot dung dch (NH4)2SO4 0,1M vao 1 lt dung dch cha 0,0001 ion
gam Ba2+ va 1 ion gam Sr2+ th:
a) Ket tua BaSO4 xuat hien trc. b) Ket tua SrSO4 xuat hien
trc.
c) Ca 2 ket tua xuat hien ong
d) Khong tao thanh ket
thi.
tua.
Cho biet pT cua BaSO4 va SrSO4 lan lt bang 9,97 va 6,49.
14.6 Tron cac dung dch:
1) 100ml dung dch AgNO3 10-4M vi 100ml dung dch HCl 10-5M
2) 100ml dung dch AgNO3 10-4M vi 100ml dung dch NaCl 10-4M
3) 100ml dung dch AgNO3 10-4M vi 100ml dung dch HCl 10-6 M
Trong trng hp nao co s tao thanh ket tua AgCl? Cho biet tch so
tan cua AgCl la T = 10 -9,6.
a) Ch co trng hp (1)
b) Ch co trng hp
(2)
c) Cac trng hp (1), (2)
d) Ca 3 trng hp.
14.7 Tch so tan cua Cu(OH)2 bang 2.10-20.. Them dan NaOH vao dung dch
muoi Cu(NO3)2 0,02M cho ti khi ket tua Cu(OH)2 xuat hien. Vay, gia tr
pH ma khi vt qua no th ket tua bat au xuat hien la:
a) 9
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
o
14.8 Chon gia tr ung: Biet tch so tan 25 C cua Fe(OH)3 la 1.10-37,6.
Dung dch FeCl3 0,1M se bat au xuat hien ket tua khi co o pH cua
dung dch bang:
a) 1,8
b) > 1,8
c) < 1,8
d) > 12,2
14.9 Cho 3 dung dch nc (dd) BaCl2, Na2CO3 va NaCl va nc nguyen
chat. BaCO3 tan nhieu hn ca trong:
a) dd BaCl2
b) dd NaCl
c) dd Na2CO3
d) H2O
56
14.10 Trng hp nao ng vi dung dch cha bao hoa cua chat ien li
kho tan AmBn:
a) [An+]m[Bm-]n < TAmBn
b) [An+]m[Bm-]n = TAmBn
n+ m
m- n
c) [A ] [B ] > TAmBn
[ d) [An+][Bm-] > TAmBn
CHNG 15: PHAN NG TRAO OI ION VA HANG SO CAN BANG CUA
NO.
Ngi ta tron cac dung dch axit va baz theo ung ty le trung hoa.
oi vi cac cap axit va baz nao di nay, dung dch thu c co moi
trng trung tnh hoac coi nh trung tnh:
1. KOH + H2SO4
2. NaOH + CH3COOH
3. NH3 + CH3COOH
4.NH3 + HCl
5. NaOH + NaHCO3
6. Ba(OH)2 + HCl
a) 1, 3, 6
b) 1, 3, 5
c) 1, 6
d) 1, 3, 5,
6
1) Axit manh va baz manh co the cung ton tai trong mot dung dch.
2) Phan ng trao oi ion xay ra khi tao thanh chat t ien li hoac chat
t tan.
3) Hieu ng nhiet cua phan ng trung hoa gia axit manh va baz
manh co the khac nhau tuy thuoc vao loai acid va loai baz s
dung.
4) Phan ng trao oi ion thng xay ra vi toc o ln.
a) 1
b) 3
c) 1, 3 & 4
d) 1 & 3
15.3 Cho phan ng trao oi ion:
NH4Cl(dd) + Na2S(dd) + H2O
NH3.H2O(dd) + NaHS(dd) +
NaCl(dd)
Hang so can bang cua phan ng tren bang:
a) 1.10-4,76
b) 1.10-11,98
c) 1.1011,98
d) 1.104,76
-7,2
Cho cac hang so ien li axit cua H2S lan lt bang 1.10 va 1.10-14;
hang so ien li cua NH3.H2O bang 1.10-4,76 ; tch so ion cua nc bang
1.10-14.
15.4 Tnh hang so can bang cua phan ng:
2NaH2PO4(dd) + 3Ca(CH3COO)2(dd)
Ca3(PO4)2(r) + 2NaCH3COO(dd) +
4CH3COOH(dd)
a) 1.10-9,51
b) 1.109,51
c) 1.109,98
d) 1.10-9,98
Cho pT cua Ca3(PO4)2 bang 29, pK2 va pK3 cua H3PO4 lan lt bang
7,21 va 12,28.
15.5 Cho phan ng trao oi ion:
Na2[Ni(CN)4](dd) + H2S(dd)
NiS(r) + 2HCN(dd) + 2NaCN
Hang so can bang cua phan ng tren bang:
a) 1.10-14,78
b) 1.1014,78
c) 1.10-0,78
d) 1.100,78
2Cho hang so khong ben cua ion phc [Ni(CN)4] bang 1.10-31, tch
so tan cua NiS bang 1.10-19 , hang so ien li axit cua HCN bang 1.10-9,21
va cac hang so ien li axit cua H2S lan lt bang 1.10-7,2 va 1.10-14.
15.6 Khi chuan o dung dch CH3COOH bang dung dch NaOH nen chon ch
th nao trong hai ch th sau: metyl da cam va phenolphtalein, biet vung pH
oi mau cua hai ch th nay tng ng la 3,1 4,4 va 8,3 10,0. (Ka cua
CH3COOH bang 1,74.10-5)
a) Metyl da cam b)
c) Ca hai d) Khong co ch th nao
57
Phenolphtalein
thch hp
15.7 Biet cac hang so axit trong dung dch nc Ka (HCN) = 6,2.10 -10 ; Ka
(HNO2) = 4.10-4
Trong so cac baz Bronsted CN- ; OH- ; NO2- baz nao manh nhat trong dung
dch nc?
a) CNb OHc) NO2d) Khong xac nh
)
c
15.8 Chon nhan xet ung:
Cho phan ng :
AgI (r) + NaCl (dd) = AgCl (r) + NaI (dd)
1) Phan ng xay ra hoan toan theo chieu thuan.
2) Phan ng thuan nghch v Go298,p nam trong khoang 40kJ en +40
kJ.
3) Co the coi AgI thc te khong tan trong dung dch NaCl v ty le [I -]/[Cl-]
khi can bang qua nho.
4) Phan ng ch xay ra theo chieu nghch.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3, 4
d) 4
Cho biet pT cua AgCl va AgI lan lt la 9,75 va 16,08
15.9 chon phng an ung. o tan cua chat ien li t tan trong nc
nhiet o nhat nh tang len khi them ion la co the la do:
1) Lc Ion cua dung dch tang len lam giam he so hoat o
2) Ion la tao ket tua vi mot loai ion cua chat ien li o.
3) Ion la tao chat t ien li vi mot loai ion cua chat ien li t tan
o.
a) 1
b) 2 & 3
c) 1 & 2
d) 1, 2 & 3
15.10 Chon cau sai. o thuy phan cua mot muoi cang ln khi:
a) axit yeu tao thanh no co hang so
b) dung dch cang
ien ly cang nho.
loang.
c) co hang so thuy phan cang nho.
d ) baz tao thanh no
cang yeu.
15.11 Chon phng an ung . Xet moi trng dung dch va ion tham gia
thuy phan cua cac muoi:
1) KNO3 : moi trng trung tnh, khong co ion b thuy phan.
2) NaClO4 : moi trng baz, anion b thuy phan.
3) NH4CH3COO: moi trng trung tnh, cation va anion eu b thuy
phan.
4) Fe2(SO4)3 : moi trng trung tnh, khong co ion b thuy phan.
a) 1 , 3
b) 1 , 2 & 3
c) 1 & 2
d) 3 & 4
15.12 Ba dung dch cua cung mot chat tan NH4Cl co nong o C1 < C2 <
C3 . Dung dch co o thuy phan ht ln nhat la :
a) Dung dch nong o C1.
b) Dung dch nong o C2.
c) Dung dch nong o C3.
d) Ca ba dung dch co cung o
thuy phan.
15.13 S thuy phan khong xay ra oi vi cac muoi tao thanh t :
a) acid yeu va baz manh b) acid manh va baz yeu
c) acid yeu va baz yeu
d) acid manh va baz manh
15.14 Trong so cac chat di ay, cac chat han che s thuy phan
cua Cr2(SO4)3:
58
1) HCl
4) Na2CO3
a) 1, 5 & 6
2) NaHCO3
5) NH4Cl
b) 1, 2, 3, 5 & 6
3) NaH2PO4
6) Al2(SO4)3
c) 1, 2 & 6
d) 2, 3
&4
15.15 Them thuoc th nao di ay vao dung dch FeCl3 se lam tang
hoac han che s thuy phan cua muoi:
1)Na2CO3
2) HCl
3)NH4NO3
4)
5)NaCl
6) BaCl2
Ca(CH3COO)2
a) Lam tang: Na2CO3 ; Ca(CH3COO)2;
Han che: NH4NO3 ; HCl
BaCl2
b) Lam tang: Na2CO3 ; Ca(CH3COO)2
Han che: NH4NO3 ; HCl
c) Lam tang: Na2CO3 ; Ca(CH3COO)2
Han che: NH4NO3 ; HCl ; BaCl2
d) Lam tang: Na2CO3
Han che: NH4NO3 ; HCl ;
BaCl2
15.16 Chon cac cau sai:
1) Mot chat t tan se ket tua khi tch so nong o cac ion cua no (vi
so mu bang so nguyen t trong cong thc phan t cua no) bang
ung tch so tan.
2) Co the lam tan mot chat ran t tan bang cach a vao dung dch
mot loai ion co the tao vi ion cua chat t tan o mot chat ran t
tan hoac t ien ly khac.
3) Cac baz co hang so ien li nho hn 1.10-7 khong the ton tai vi
mot lng ang ke di dang phan t trong dung dch co mat axit
manh.
4) Dung dch nc cua cac muoi tao thanh t axit va baz co o
manh tng tng nhau luon trung tnh.
a) 1, 3 , 4
b) 1, 3
c) 1, 2 , 4
d) 3 , 4
15.17 Nhng muoi nao thuy phan tng phan tao muoi baz:
1. AgNO3
2. BaCl2
3. AlCl3
4. K3PO4
5. FeCl2
6. FeCl3
7. CuCl2
8. MgSO4
a) 3, 6
b) 3 , 5, 6
c) 3, 5, 6, 7
d) 3, 5, 6, 7,
8
CHNG 16: IEN HOA HOC
e phu hp vi cac giao trnh chuyen nganh e ngh sinh vien chuyen qua
dung khai niem the ien cc ( ) theo quy c cua chau My trong cac phep
tnh toan (sinh vien oc hieu phan nay trong giao trnh trang 473 giao trnh Hoa
ai cng xuat ban nam 2002 hoac trang 192 tap 2 Hoa ai cng xuat ban
nam 1990 cua giao s Nguyen nh Soa )
16.1 Cho phan ng oxy hoa kh:
K2Cr2O7 + FeSO4 + H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 + Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + H2O
Can bang phan ng tren. Neu he so trc K2Cr2O7 la 1 th he so
ng trc H2SO4 va Fe2(SO4)3 lan lt la:
a) 7, 3
b) 7, 6
c) 5, 3
d) 4, 5
16.2 Chon cau ung:
Trong phan ng: 3Cl2 + I- + 6OH- = 6Cl- + IO3- + 3H2O
a) Chat oxy hoa la Cl2 , chat b
b) Chat kh la Cl2, chat
oxy hoa la Ioxy hoa la I-.
c) Chat b oxy hoa la Cl2, chat b
d) Cl2 b kh, I- la chat
59
kh la Ioxy hoa.
16.3 Cho cac so lieu sau:
1) o (Ca2+/Ca) = - 2.79 V
2) o (Zn2+/Zn) = - 0.764 V
3) o (Fe2+/Fe) = - 0.437 V
4) o (Fe3+/Fe2+) = + 0.771 V
Cac chat c sap xep theo th t tnh oxy hoa tang dan nh sau:
a) Fe3+ < Fe2+ < Zn2+ < Ca2+
b) Ca2+ < Zn2+ < Fe2+ < Fe3+
c) Zn2+ < Fe3+ < Ca2+ < Fe2+
d) Ca2+ < Zn2+ < Fe3+ < Fe2+
16.4 The cua ien cc ong thay oi nh the nao khi pha loang dung
dch muoi Cu2+ cua ien cc xuong 10 lan:
a) giam 29,5 mV b) giam 59 mV
c) Tang 29,5 mV d) tang 59 mV
16.5 Mot ien cc Ag nhung vao dung dch AgNO3 , the cua ien cc
nay se thay oi nh the nao khi : 1) Them HCl (co ket tua AgCl)
2) Them NaOH (co ket tua Ag2O)
3) Them nc (pha loang)
a) Tang cho ca 3 trng hp.
b) Giam cho ca 3 trng
hp.
c) Khong thay oi cho ca 3 trng d) Ch giam cho 2 trng
hp.
hp au.
16.6 Chon cau ung:
1) Pin la thiet b bien hoa nang cua phan ng oxy hoa - kh
thanh ien nang.
2) ien phan la qua trnh bien ien nang cua dong ien mot
chieu thanh hoa nang.
3) Pin la qua trnh bien hoa nang cua mot phan ng oxy hoa kh thanh ien nang .
4) Cac qua trnh xay ra trong pin va bnh ien phan trai ngc nhau.
a) 1, 2 & 4
b) 2 & 4
c) 1 & 3
d) 2 & 3
16.7 Chon cau ung va ay u nhat:
The ien cc cua mot chat lam ien cc co the thay oi khi mot
trong cac yeu to sau thay oi:
a) Nong o muoi cua kim loai lam ien cc ; nhiet o.
b) Be mat tiep xuc gia kim loai vi dung dch ; nong o muoi
cua kim loai lam ien cc.
c) Nong o muoi cua kim loai lam ien cc ; nhiet o ; nong o
muoi la.
d) Nong o muoi cua kim loai lam ien cc; nong o muoi la.
16.8 oi vi ien cc hydro khi thay oi nong o H+ th tnh oxi hoa cua
ien cc thay oi. Vay khi giam nong o H+ th:
a) Tnh oxi hoa cua H+ tang do b) Tnh oxi hoa cua H+ tang
do giam.
tang.
c) Tnh kh cua H2 tang do
d) Tnh kh cua H2 tang do
giam.
tang.
16.9 Trong cac phat bieu sau, phat bieu sai la:
a) Qua the phu thuoc ban chat cua chat phong ien ien cc,
ban chat va trang thai be mat cua ien cc.
b) Kim loai lam ien cc co the ien cc cang dng th cang co
tnh kh manh.
60
c) Sc ien ong cua pin phu thuoc vao nong o chat oxy hoa
va chat kh.
d) Sc ien ong cua pin phu thuoc vao nhiet o moi trng.
16.10 Chon nhan xet sai. Cho nguyen to Ganvanic gom ien cc hidro tieu
chuan (1) va ien cc H2(Pt) nhung vao trong dung dch HCl 0,1M (2).
nhiet o nhat nh nguyen to nay co:
a) the ien cc cua ien cc (2) giam khi nong o cua
dung dch HCl giam
b) Sc ien ong giam khi pha loang dung dch ien
cc (2)
c) ien cc (1) lam ien cc dng
d) Qua trnh oxy hoa xay ra tren ien cc (2)
Cho qua trnh ien cc: MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e = Mn2+ + 4H2O
Phng trnh Nerst oi vi qua trnh a cho co dang:
a) = o + (0,059/5). lg([MnO4-].[H+]8/[Mn2+])
b) = o + 0,059. lg([MnO4-].[H+]8/[Mn2+])
c) = o + (0,059/5). lg([Mn2+])/[MnO4-].[H+]8)
d) = o + (0,059/5). lg([MnO4-].[H+]8/[Mn2+][H2O]4)
16.12 Chon cach viet ung:
S o cac pin hoat ong tren c s cac phan ng oxy hoa kh :
Sn (r) + Pb(NO3)2 (dd) = Sn(NO3)2 (dd) + Pb (r)
HCl (dd) + Zn(r) = ZnCl2(dd) + H2 (k)
la:
a) (-) Sn Sn(NO)2 Pb(NO3)2 Pb (+)
(-) H2(Pt) HCl ZnCl2 Zn (+)
b) (-) Sn Sn(NO3)2 Pb(NO3)2 Pb (+)
(-) Zn ZnCl2 HCl H2(Pt) (+)
c) (-) Pb Pb(NO3)2 Sn(NO3)2 Sn (+)
(-)H2(Pt) HCl ZnCl2 Zn (+)
d) (-) Pb Pb(NO3)2 Sn(NO3)2 Sn (+)
(-) Zn ZnCl2 HCl H2(Pt) (+)
16.13 Chon ap an ung.
Cho nguyen to ganvanic tao bi ien cc (1) (gom mot thanh Ag
nhung trong dung dch AgNO3 0,001N) va ien cc (2) (gom thanh Ag
nhung trong dung dch AgNO3 0,1N). oi vi nguyen to nay co:
a) Qua trnh kh xay ra
b) Cc (1) la cc
c) ien cc (2) b
tren cc (1).
dng.
tan ra.
d) mach ngoai electron chuyen t ien cc (1) sang ien cc (2).
16.14 Nguyen to Ganvanic Zn Zn2+ (1M) Ag+ (1M) Ag co sc ien
ong thay oi nh the nao khi tang nong o Zn2+ va Ag+ mot so lan
nh nhau.
a) Khong oi
b) Tang len
c) Giam
d) Khong xac
xuong
nh c
2+
+
Cho biet the oxi hoa kh cua Zn / Zn va Ag / Ag lan lt bang
0,763V va 0,799V
61
16.15 Cho biet cac phan ng nao di ay co the xay ra trong thc
te:
1) 2MnCl2 (dd) + 2Cl2 (k) + 8H2O = 2HMnO4 (dd) + 14HCl (dd)
2) K2Cr2O7 (dd) + 14HCl (dd)
= 3Cl2 (k) + 2CrCl3 (dd) + 2KCl (dd) + 7H2O
3) MnO2 (r) + 4HCl (dd) = MnCl2 (dd) + Cl2 (k) + 2H2O
Cho cac the kh tieu chuan:
MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- = Mn2+ + 4H2O
0 = +1,51 V
Cl2 (k) + 2e- = 2Cl0 = 1,359 V
Cr2O72- + 14H+ + 6e- = 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
0 = 1,33 V
MnO2(r) + 4H+ + 2e- = Mn2+ + 2H2O
0 = 1,23 V
a) 2, 3
b) 2
c) 1, 2, 3
d) khong co phan ng
nao xay ra c
16.16 Cho day hoat ong cac cap Oxy hoa kh ( sap theo th t 0
tang dan), ta co th t sau:
Zn2+/ Zn
2H+/ H2
Cu2+/ Cu
Ag+/ Ag
0
Phan ng sau co the xay ra t phat:
a) Zn + 2H+ Zn2+ + H2
b) Cu + 2H+ Cu2+ + H2
d) a va c eu ung.
c) Zn + 2Ag+ 2Ag + Zn2+
16.17 Cho cac the kh tieu chuan:
Fe3+ + e = Fe2+
o = +0,77V
Ti4+ +
e = Ti3+
o = - 0,01 V
Ce4+ + e = Ce3+
o = + 1,14 V
Trong cac phan ng sau:
1) Fe3+ + Ti3+
Fe2+ + Ti4+
4+
3+
2) Ce + Ti
Ce3+ + Ti4+
3) Ce3+ + Fe3+
Ce4+ + Fe2+
Phan ng co the xay ra t phat la :
a) 1
b) 1 & 2
c) 2
d) 1, 2 & 3
16.18 Chon ap an ung nhat.
The kh tieu chuan cua cac cap Br2/2Br- , Fe3+/fe2+ , Cu2+/Cu, MnO4-/Mn2+ ,
Sn4+/Sn2+ lan lt bang 1,07V ; 0,77v ; 0,34V ; 1,52V ; 0,15V. Brom co the oxy
hoa c:
a) Fe2+ len Fe3+
b) Fe2+ len Fe3+ va Sn2+ len Sn4+
c) Sn2+ len Sn4+
d) Fe2+ len Fe3+ , Sn2+ len Sn4+ va
Cu len Cu2+
16.19 Cho hai pin co ky hieu va sc ien ong tng ng:
E1 = 0,63V
(-)ZnZn2+Pb2+Pb(+)
2+
2+
E2 = 0,47V
(-)PbPb Cu Cu(+)
Vay sc ien ong cua pin (-)ZnZn2+Cu2+Cu(+) se la:
a) 1,1V
b) 1,1V
c) 1,1V
d) 0,16V
Cho the kh tieu chuan cua cac ban phan ng sau:
Fe3+ + e = Fe2+
o = 0,77 V
I2 + 2e = 2Io = 0, 54 V
Phan ng: 2 Fe2+ + I2 = 2 Fe3+ + 2 I- co ac iem:
a) Eo = -0,23 V; phan ng khong the xay ra t phat.
62
b) Eo = -1,00 V; phan ng khong the xay ra t phat.

c) Eo = 1,00 V; phan ng co the xay ra t phat.
d) Eo = 0,23 V; phan ng co the xay ra t phat.
16.21 Biet sc ien ong cua hai nguyen to ganvanic sau ay ieu
kien tieu chuan:
Eo = 0,637V
(-) Zn (r) Zn2+ (dd) Pb2+ (dd) Pb (r)
(+)
Eo = 0,925V
(-) Pb (r) Pb2+ (dd) Ag2+ (dd) Ag (r)
(+)
Trong cac gia tr di ay, gia tr nao ng vi sc ien ong cua
nguyen to ganvanic sau ieu kien tieu chuan:
Eo = ?
(-) Zn (r) Zn2+ (dd) Ag+ (dd) Ag (r) (+)
a) 1,562V
b) -1,562V
c) -0,288V
d) 0,288V
16.22 Hoa tan Fe vao dung dch H2SO4 loang. Phan ng xay ra manh liet
nhat trong dung dch:
a) Ch co axit sunfuric tinh khiet.
b) Co mat ion Ag+.
2+
c) Co mat ion Mg .
d) Co mat ion Al3+.
16.23 Tnh the kh tieu chuan cua Cu2+/Cu+ (1) khi co mat ion I- va the
kh tieu chuan cua Fe3+/Fe2+ khi co mat ion OH-. Cho biet the kh tieu
chuan cua Cu2+/Cu+ va Fe3+/Fe2+ lan lt la: 0,153V va 0,77V. Tch so tan
cua CuI, Fe(OH)3 va Fe(OH)2 lan lt la: 1.10-11,96, 1.10-37,5 va 1.10-15,0
a) (1) 0,859V , (2)
b) (1) 0,859V , (2) 0,558V
0,558V
d) (1) 0,43V, (2) 0,279V c) Khong tnh c v khong biet nong
o cua I- va OH16.24 Cho o (Sn4+/Sn2+) = 0,15 V. Xac nh gia tr cua t le [Sn4+]/ [Sn2+]
e the cua ien cc nay bang 0,169 V. Lay (2,303 RT / F) = 0,059.
a) 4,41
b) 2,00
c) 2,49
d) 3,5
ien phan
16.25 Khi ien phan mot dung dch nc cha ong thi cac muoi NaCl
va Na2SO4 bang ien cc khong hoa tan, qua trnh ien phan anod
xay ra lan lt theo th t:
a) Cl- , H2O, SO42- b) Cl- , H2O , SO42- c) Cl- , SO42-,
d) H2O , Cl- ,
H2O
SO4216.26 ien phan dung dch CuSO4 trong nc, ien cc tr vi [Cu2+] = [H+].
Chon phat bieu chnh xac nhat. Neu bo qua hien tng qua the th co
the noi rang:
a) catod au tien Cu ket tua ra,khi nong o Cu2+ giam en
mot nong o nao o th co them H2 bay ra; anod co O2 bay ra.
b) catod ong thi co Cu ket tua va H2 bay ra; anod co O2
bay ra.
c) catod au tien Cu ket tua ra, khi nong o Cu2+ giam en
mot nong o nao o th co them H2 bay ra; anod co O2 bay ra
do s phong ien cua SO42-.
d) catod co Cu ket tua ra, khi het Cu2+ trong dung dch th co
63
H2 bay ra; anod co O2 thoat ra.

16.27 Khi ien phan mot dung dch nc cha ong thi cac muoi NaCl
va Na2SO4 bang ien cc khong hoa tan, qua trnh ien phan anod
xay ra theo th t:
a) SO42- , Cl- ,
b) Cl- , H2O , SO42- c) Cl- , SO42-, H2O d) H2O , Cl- ,
H2O.
SO4216.28 Khi ien phan dung dch NaCl , ien cc tr , co mang ngan,
catod tao thanh :
a) NaOCl va kh
b) NaOH va kh
c) NaOCl va kh
d) NaOH va kh
Cl2
H2
H2
Cl2
Bang cac hang so ien ly va tch so tan cua mot so chat
Hp chat pKA
pKB
pT
axit
H2CO3
PK1 = 6,35
pK2 = 10,33
CH3COOH
4,76
HCN
9,21
H3PO4
pK1 =2,12
pK2 = 7,21
pK3 = 12,38
HClO4
Axit manh
H2S
pK1 = 7,2
pK2 = 14
H2SO4
pK2 = 1,94
Baz & baz t tan
NaOH
-0,77
Ba(OH)2
pK2 = 0,64
NH3.H2O
4,755
Fe(OH)3
pK2 = 10,74
(Fe3+,3OH-)
pK3 = 11,87
37,50
(FeOH2+,2OH-)
25,70
(Fe(OH)2+,OH-)
16,40
Ag2O
2,30 (AgOH)
(Ag+ , OH-) 7,8
Al(OH)3
pK3 = 8,86
(Al3+, 3OH-) 32,0
(AlOH2+, 2OH-)
23,0
Fe(OH)2
pK2 = 3,89
(Fe2+ , 2OH-) 15,0
(FeOH+, OH-) 9,3
Cu(OH)2
pK2 = 6,47
(Cu2+, 2OH-)
19,66
(CuOH+, OH-)
12,66
Mg(OH)2
pK2 = 2,6
(Mg2+,2OH-)
10,74
(MgOH+, OH-)
64
Ca(OH)2
pKB2 = 1,40
Hp chat ion t tan

AgCl
AgI
BaSO4
BaCO3
CuI
Ag2CrO4
CaSO4
Ca3(PO4)3
CaHPO4
6,64
(Ca2+,2OH-) 5,26
(CaOH+,OH-)
3,86
9,75
16,08
9,97
8,29
11,96
11,95
5,04
28,7
6,57 (Ca2+,
HPO42-)
3 (Ca2+,
2H2PO4-)
19
11,96
Kkb
31
Ca(H2PO4)2
NiS()
CuI
Phc chat
[Ni(CN)4]2-
AP AN PHAN 3 : LY THUYET VE DUNG DCH. PHAN NG TRAO OI

ION
VA PHAN NG OXY HOA KH TRONG DUNG DCH
Cau
11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9 11.10
ap an
d
b
c
b
a
d
d
d
d
c
Cau
11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.20
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
ap an
a
a
a
d
c
b
a
c
d
a
Cau
11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
ap an
a
c
d
b
a
d
d
a
a
Cau
12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.9 12.10
ap an
a
a
d
a
d
a
d
c
b
b
Cau
12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
ap an
a
b
d
d
c
a
a
Cau
13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 13.10
ap an
c
d
d
a
b
c
d
a
b
d
65
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
Cau
ap an
13.1
1
b
13.2
1
d
14.1
a
15.1
a
15.1
1
a
16.1
a
16.1
1
a
16.2
1
a
13.1
2
b
13.2
2
c
14.2
d
15.2
d
15.1
2
a
16.2
a
16.1
2
b
16.2
2
b
13.1
3
b
13.2
3
d
14.3
c
15.3
d
15.1
3
d
16.3
b
16.1
3
d
16.2
3
a
13.1
4
b
13.2
4
a
14.4
a
15.4
d
15.1
4
a
16.4
a
16.1
4
b
16.2
4
a
13.1
5
c
13.2
5
b
14.5
b
15.5
a
15.1
5
b
16.5
b
16.1
5
c
16.2
5
b
66
13.1
6
b
13.2
6
c
14.6
b
15.6
b
15.1
6
b
16.6
a
16.1
6
d
16.2
6
a
13.1
7
b
13.2
7
a
14.7
c
15.7
b
15.1
7
d
16.7
c
16.1
7
b
16.2
7
b
13.1
8
d
13.1
9
c
13.20
14.8
b
15.8
c
14.9
b
15.9
d
14.10
a
15.10
c
16.8
c
16.1
8
d
16.2
8
b
16.9
b
16.1
9
b
16.10
b
16.20

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TRNG AI HOC BACH KHOA THANH PHO HO CH MINH

KHOA CONG NGHE HOA HOC VA DAU KH

GIAO TRNH BAI TAP

PHAN 1 : CAU TAO CHAT

2.2 Khoi lng nguyen t cua ong v 2H gom:

a) T quy ao 4 xuong quy ao 1, bc xa thuoc day Lyman.

d) Cac quy tac Hund va Cleskovxki.

2.29 Xac nh cau hnh electron hoa tr cua nguyen to co so th t

b) Cac nguyen to trong cung chu ky co tnh chat tng t nhau.

c) Nguyen t Ti (Z = 22) la 5s2

Nguyen to B chu ky IV, phan nhom VIIB . Nguyen to B co:

3.26 Chon phat bieu ung:

c) RAl < RP < RK < RCa

3.35 Da vao o am ien:

d) Lai hoa sp3 c thc hien do s to hp mot orbitan s va 3 orbitan p

d) Tang o dai va tang nang lng lien ket.

4.32 Chon trng hp ung:

4.53 Chon phat bieu sai:

c) Chung co nhiet o nong chay xap x nhau v co cau truc phan

c) Phan ly thanh ion khi tan trong nc.

4.63 Chon cau sai:

AP AN PHAN 1: CAU TAO CHAT

PHAN 2: LY THUYET DIEN RA CAC QUA TRNH HOA

B. BAI TAP TRAC NGHIEM

6.6 Chon qua trnh ung:

c) Khong trao oi cong

d) Khong the d oan

a) Khong oi do nhiet Q va cong A eu khong thay oi.

6.14 Chon phat bieu chnh xac cua nh luat Hess

6.23 Hieu ng nhiet cua mot phan ng bang:

2NH3 (k) + 5/2O2

a) Bien thien entropi cua he phu thuoc ng i.

c) Entropi khong thay

Chat (2) : O2(k)

a) S giong nhau cho ca

7.8 Chon cau ung. Phan ng : 2A ( k) + B (l) = 3C (r) + D (k) co:

7.9 Trong cac phan ng sau:

7.19 Chon cau tra li ung.

d) Co the xay ra nhiet o cao neu bien thien entropi cua no

a) Xay ra t phat nhiet o

Tieu chuan co the cho biet phan ng xay ra t phat c ve mat

a) Phan ng co the xay ra theo chieu thuan hay theo chieu

d) Khong the d oan c trang thai cua

8.11 Chon phat bieu ung:

H2O (k) co Go298 = -54,64

Tnh Kp ieu kien tieu chuan. Cho R = 1,987 cal/mol.K

e thu c nhieu NO ta co the dung cac bien phap :

8.26 Cho cac phan ng:

MgO (r) + CO2

Ngi ta cho rang phan ng trai qua hai bc s cap:

Viet bieu thc toc o phan ng.

10.7 Mot phan ng A + 2B = C bac 1 oi vi [A] va bac 1 oi

Bieu thc thc nghiem cua tc phan ng la v = d[NO2]/dt = k

a) Tan suat va cham gia cac tieu phan tang.

c) chu yeu la lam tang so lan va cham gia cac phan t.

b) entropi hoat hoa cang ln.

10.22 Chon cau ung

e tang toc o cua phan ng d pha co s tham gia cua

AP AN PHAN 2: LY THUYET DIEN RA CAC QUA TRNH HOA HOC

PHAN 3 : LY THUYET VE DUNG DCH. PHAN NG TRAO OI ION

Cac nh luat ve dung dch loang

c) k la hang so ch phu thuoc vao ban chat dung moi.

11.28 Chon phat bieu ung:

2) o ien li () khong the ln hn 1.