Sấy Hầm Khoai Mì

n Hc Phn: K Thut Thc Phm
Chuyn : Hm Sy Khoai M
MC LC
M U ........................................................................................................................................ 5
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN .......................................................................................................... 6
1- Tng quan v phng php sy .............................................................................................. 6
1.1 Bn cht ca sy................................................................................................................ 6
1.2 Phn loi............................................................................................................................ 6
1.3 Yu t nh hng n qu trnh sy ................................................................................. 6
CHNG 2:CHN V THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH ..................................... 8
A. Cng Ngh Sy Khoai M ...................................................................................................... 8
2.1- Tng quan v nguyn liu ............................................................................................... 8
2.1.1. c im cy sn ...................................................................................................... 8
2.1.2. Tnh hnh trng sn ................................................................................................... 8
2.2. Phn loi, cu to, thnh phn ha hc ca c sn .......................................................... 9
2.2.1. Phn loi.................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.2. Cu to c ................................................................................................................. 9
2.2.3. Thnh phn ha hc ca c sn .............................................................................. 11
2.2.3.1. Cht dinh dng c trong c ........................................................................... 11
2.2.3.2. Cc hp cht khc ............................................................................................ 13
2.3. nh gi cht lng ca c sn ..................................................................................... 16
2.3.1. Phng php cm quan ........................................................................................... 16
2.3.2. Phng php thc nghim xc nh hm lng tinh bt c trong c ................ 17
2.4. Vn v bo qun c sn ............................................................................................. 17
B. Chn V Thuyt Minh Quy Trnh Cng Ngh .................................................................... 18
2.5. Phng php v ch sy............................................................................................ 18
2.6. Chn Quy Trnh Cng Ngh .......................................................................................... 18
2.7. Thuyt minh qui trnh sy ............................................................................................. 19
Chng 3:TNH TON THIT B CHNH ................................................................................. 21
I. CC THNG S BAN U ............................................................................................... 21
1.1 Vt liu sy ..................................................................................................................... 21
1.2 Tc nhn sy: khng kh nng ........................................................................................ 22
II- TNH QU TRNH SY L THUYT ............................................................................. 24
2.1 Cn bng vt cht ............................................................................................................ 24
2.2 Thit b chnh .................................................................................................................. 24
2.2.1 Xe gong .................................................................................................................. 24
1
GVHD: Ths. Nguyn Hu Quyn
SVTH: Trnh Hong Mai Lnh Trn Quang Khi
2.2.2 Hm sy ................................................................................................................... 26
2.3 Cn bng nng lng ...................................................................................................... 27
2.3.1 Nhit tn tht do vt liu sy ................................................................................... 27
2.3.2 Nhit tn tht do thit b chuyn ti ......................................................................... 27
2.3.2.1 Nhit tn tht do xe gong mang i .................................................................. 27
2.3.2.2 Nhit tn tht do khay sy ................................................................................ 27
2.3.3 Nhit tn tht ra mi trng q m .............................................................................. 28
2.3.3.1 Nhit tn tht ra tng q t ................................................................................. 28
2.3.3.2 Tnh nhit tn tht qua trn hm sy................................................................. 34
2.3.3.3 Nhit tn tht qua nn ....................................................................................... 37
2.3.3.4 Nhit tn tht qua ca ....................................................................................... 37
2.3.3.5 Nhit tn tht do m ca.................................................................................. 39
III. TNH TON QU TRNH SY THC .............................................................................. 40
Chng 4: TNH V CHN THIT B PH ............................................................................. 43
4.1 Tnh Caloripher ................................................................................................................... 43
4.2 Tnh v chn qut................................................................................................................ 49
4.2.1 Tr lc t qut n caloripher ..................................................................................... 49
4.2.2 Tr lc caloripher ........................................................................................................ 50
4.2.3 Tr lc caloripher n hm .......................................................................................... 50
4.2.4 Tr lc t m khi vo hm sy .................................................................................. 51
4.2.5 Tr lc do p ng u ra ca qut ............................................................................. 52
4.2.6 Tr lc hm sy ........................................................................................................... 52
4.2.7 Tr lc xe gong .......................................................................................................... 53
4.2.8 Tr lc t th ti hm v ng ht .............................................................................. 54
4.2.9 Tr lc ng cong 90 o C ............................................................................................... 55
4.2.10 Tr lc p ng u vo ca qut ht ........................................................................ 55
4.2.11 Tr lc ng dn kh ra khi hm................................................................................ 55
4.3 Tnh v chn ng c ko ti ............................................................................................. 56
KT LUN ................................................................................................................................... 58
TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................................................ 59
2
DANH SCH CC HNH
Hnh 2.1. Cy sn (Khoai m) ......................................................................................... 8

Hnh 2.2: Cu to mt ct ngang ca c sn ................................................................. 10
Hnh 2.3: Ht tinh bt khoai m qua knh hin vi in t qut ..................................... 12
Hnh 2.4: C ch to thnh melanin t tyrosine vi s xc tc enzym tyrosinase ...... 15
Hnh 2.5. S quy trnh cng ngh ............................................................................ 18
Hnh 3.1: th H-x ca khng kh m ....................................................................... 22
Hnh 3.2: Phn b nhit qua tng hm sy ............................................................ 27
Hnh 3.3: th sy thc .............................................................................................. 39
Hnh 4.1: Caloripher kh-hi ........................................................................................ 42
3
DANH MC CC BNG
Bng 2.1: c im mt s ging sn ............................................................................ 9
Bng 2.2: T l % (theo khi lng) ca cc thnh phn c trong c sn ................... 11
Bng 2.3: Thnh phn mt s acid amine c trong c sn ........................................... 13
Bng 3.1: Bng tm tt ................................................................................................. 22
Bng 3.2 : Gi tr ni suy .............................................................................................. 36
Bng 3.3: Bng cn bng nhit ..................................................................................... 41
Bng 4.1: Bng tm tt ................................................................................................. 48
4
M U
Cy sn (hay cn gi l cy khoai m) l mt trong nhng loi cy lng thc c
ngun gc t lu vc sng Amazone (Nam M). nc ta cy sn c du nhp vo
khong th k 18 v c trng khp ni t Bc n Nam. Cng vi vic trng t lu
nhn dn ta bit ch bin c sn lm lng thc cho ngi v lm thc n cho gia sc.
Trong cc loi cy lng thc, sn l cy trng cho ngun nguyn liu c kh
nng ch bin sn phm vo loi phong ph nht. Sn phm t cy sn c s dng
trong nhiu lnh vc kinh t v i sng. Gi tr t cy sn ch thc s gia tng khi c
ch bin. Chnh v vy trn th trng gi sn nguyn liu mi c tng ln gn y, ko
theo s quan tm tr li ca b con nng dn sau nhiu nm thng trm ca vic pht
trin cy sn.
Tuy nhin, trong iu kin qu t c hn, s cnh tranh gia cc loi cy trng
ngy cng gay gt th d nhu cu th trng i vi sn phm ca cy sn ngy cng tng,
gi ngy cng cao th kh nng m rng din tch trng sn cng khng nhiu. Hng
pht trin ca cy sn ch yu p ng nhu cu ca th trng trong v ngoi nc l
thm canh tng nng sut t gi tr tng sn lng ngy cng tng. Bn cnh , vic
u t cho khu ch bin tng gi tr sn phm cng l cng vic rt cn phi gii
quyt. y chnh l l do chnh em lp n thit k thit b sy khoai m xt lt
nng sut 2500kg nguyn liu sy/m.
sy khoai m xt lt ta c rt nhiu phng php nh sy bung, sy hm
n ny, do yu t khch quan l a im xy dng c t ti Thnh Ph H Ch
Minh nn vic p dng phng php sy hm l thch hp nht.
5
CHNG 1:
TNG QUAN
1- Tng quan v phng php sy
1.1 Bn cht ca sy
Sy l qu trnh lm bc hi nc ra khi vt liu bng nhit. Mc ch ca qu trnh
sy l lm gim khi lng ca vt liu, tng bn v bo qun c tt.
Trong qu trnh sy nc c cho bay hi nhit bt k do s khuch tn bi s
chnh lch m b mt v bn trong vt liu v bi s chnh lch p sut hi ring
phn ca ti b mt vt liu v mi trng chung quanh. Sy l qu trnh khng n nh,
m ca vt liu thay i theo khng gian v thi gian.
1.2 Phn loi
Phn loi cc phng php sy theo phng thc cung cp nhit:
Phng php sy i lu.
Phng php sy bc x.
Phng php sy tip xc.
Phng php sy bng in trng dng cao tn.
Phng php sy thng hoa.
1.3 Yu t nh hng n qu trnh sy
nh hng ca nhit khng kh: Trong cc iu kin khc nhau khng i nh
m khng kh, tc gi, vic nng cao nhit s lm tng nhanh tc sy.
Nhng nhit lm kh cao s lm nh hng ln n cht lng sn phm, d lm cho
nguyn liu b chn v gy nn s to mng cng lp b ngoi cn tr ti s chuyn
ng ca nc t lp bn trong ra b mt ngoi. Nhng vi nhit lm kh qu thp,
di gii hn cho php th qu trnh lm kh s chm li dn n s thi ra, hy hoi
nguyn liu. Khi sy nhng nhit khc nhau th nguyn liu c nhng bin i khc
nhau. Nu nhit cao hn na th nguyn liu c th b chy lm mt gi tr dinh dng
v mt gi tr cm quan ca sn phm.
6
nh hng ca tc chuyn ng khng kh: Tc chuyn ng ca khng kh

c nh hng ln n qu trnh sy, tc gi qu ln hoc qu nh u khng c li
cho qu trnh sy. V tc chuyn ng ca khng kh qu ln kh gi nhit lng trn
nguyn liu cn bng qu t nh sy, cn tc qu nh s lm cho qu trnh sy chm
li. Hng gi cng nh hng rt ln n qu trnh lm kh, khi hng gi song song
vi b mt nguyn liu th tc lm kh rt nhanh.
nh hng ca m tng i ca khng kh: m tng i ca khng kh
cng l nhn t nh hng quyt nh n qu trnh lm kh, m ca khng kh cng
ln th qu trnh lm kh s chm li.
nh hng ca kch thc nguyn liu: nh hng ca kch thc nguyn liu
Kch thc nguyn liu cng nh hng n qu trnh sy. Nguyn liu cng b, cng
mng th tc sy cng nhanh, nhng nu nguyn liu c kch thc qu b v qu
mng s lm cho nguyn liu b cong, d gy v.
nh hng ca bn thn nguyn liu: Ty vo bn thn nguyn liu m ngi ta
chn ch lm kh cho ph hp, cn phi xt n thnh phn ha hc ca nguyn liu
nh: nc, lipit, protein, cht khong, Vitamin, kt cu t chc chc hay lng lo...
7
CHNG 2:
CHN V THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH

A. Cng Ngh Sy Khoai M
2.1- Tng quan v nguyn liu
Hnh 2.1. Cy sn (Khoai m)
2.1.1. c im cy sn
Cy sn hay cn gi l cy khoai m l cy lng thc a m nn c trng nhiu
nhng nc c kh hu nhit i, c tn khoa hc l Manihot esculenta Crantza.
2.1.2. Tnh hnh trng sn
Cy sn c trng trn 92 nc ca vng nhit i v cn nhit i v l ngun
lng thc ca khong 500 triu ngi (ngun CIAT, 1993).
Vit Nam, sn cng vi khoai l cy lng thc quan trng th ba sau la v ng.
8
Vng ng Nam B l a bn trng im sn xut sn hng ha vi u th vn c v

kh hu, t ai, giao thng vn ti, c s h tng, s d n u t vo ch bin v tiu
th sn ca nc ngoi.
Din tch trng sn ca Vit Nam trong nhng nm ti d kin s khng tng nhiu.
Tuy nhin, s gia tng nng sut v sn lng do vic p dng trng cc ging sn mi c
nng sut c ti v nng sut bt cao, ng thi vi vic y mnh cc binh php thm
canh nh bn phn cn i, trng xen canh, c h thng canh tc thch hp trn t dc
v ri v thu hoch.
Bng 2.1: c im mt s ging sn ([6])
c im
Nng sut c ti (tn/ha)
Hm lng cht kh (%)
Hm lng tinh bt (%)
Thi gian thu hoch (thng)
KM94
38,6
39,0
28,6
7 12
KM60
27,2
38,0
27,2
6 9
Ging
HL20
20,2
36,5
24,5
7 12
HL23
19,8
37,0
26,5
6 9
HL24
20
36,7
25,8
6 9
2.2. Phn loi, cu to, thnh phn ha hc ca c sn

2.2.1. Phn loi
Sn c nhiu loi khc nhau v mu sc, thn cy, l, v c, tht c. Tuy nhin, trong
cng nghip sn xut tinh bt ngi ta phn sn thnh hai loi sn ng v sn ngt.
-
Sn ng: cho nng sut cao, c to, hm lng tinh bt trong c cao, c nhiu
nha c, hm lng cyanhydric cao, n ti b ng c.
Sn ngt: gm tt c cc loi sn c hm lng cyanhydric thp, loi sn ny c

hm lng tinh bt thp, n ti khng b ng c.
Hin nay, loi sn m nng dn tnh Ty Ninh ang trng ch yu l loi sn ng v

cc ging sn ny cho nng sut v hm lng tinh bt tng i cao.
2.2.2. Cu to c
C sn thng thun di hai u, ty theo tnh cht t v iu kin trng m kch
thc ca c dao ng trong khong:
9
Chiu di t 0,1 0,5m.
- ng knh c t 2 8cm.
C thng c 4 phn chnh gm: v g, v c, tht c v li.
Hnh 2.2: Cu to mt ct ngang ca c sn
a.
b.
-
V g (V la)
Gi vai tr bo v c. C thnh phn ch yu l cellulose v hemicellulose.
Khng c cha tinh bt, chim 0,5% 2% trng lng c.
V c (V tht)
Dy hn v g, c cu to t cc lp t bo thnh dy, thnh t bo c cu to ch
yu l cellulose, bn trong l ht tinh bt, cht cha Nit v dch bo (nha) c
nh hng ti mu ca tinh bt khi ch bin.
Trong dch bo c tanin, sc t, c t, cc enzyme.
V c c cha t 5% 8% hm lng tinh bt khi ch bin.
c. Tht c
-
L thnh phn ch yu ca c.
Gm cc t bo nh m: v t bo l cellulose, pentozan; bn trong l ht tinh bt,

nguyn sinh cht, cc glucid ha tan v nhiu cht vi lng khc.
Phn b hm lng tinh bt trong tht c gim dn t phn tht c st v n li.
10
Ngoi cc lp t bo nh m cn c cc t bo thnh cng khng cha tinh bt

(cu to t cellulose) cng nh g gi l x. Loi t bo ny thng thy u
cung ca c sn lu nin v nhng c bin dng trong qu trnh pht trin.
d. Li sn
- Thng tm dc sut t cung ti ui c, cung to nht ri nh dn ti ui
c.
- Chim 0,3% 1% trng lng ton c, c thnh phn ch yu l cellulose v
hemicellulose.
- Sn c li ln v nhiu x s nh hng n hiu sut v nng sut nghin khi ch
bin.
Ngoi cc thnh phn trn, c sn cn cung v r ui. Cc thnh phn ny c cu
to ch yu l l cellulose nn gy kh khn trong ch bin.
2.2.3. Thnh phn ha hc ca c sn
Thnh phn ha hc ca c sn dao ng trong khong kh rng ty thuc vo: ging,
tnh cht t, iu kin pht trin ca cy, thi gian thu hoch (y l yu t quan trng
nh hng n hm lng tinh bt c trong c).
Bng 2.2: T l % (theo khi lng) ca cc thnh phn c trong c sn ([7])
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Thnh phn
Nc
Tinh bt
Protid
Cht bo
Cellulose
ng
Tro
T l %
70,25
21,45
1,12
0,4
1,11
5,13
0,54
2.2.3.1. Cht dinh dng c trong c

a. Tinh bt
Tinh bt l thnh phn quan trng ca c khoai m, bao gm hai thnh phn:
-
Amylo: 15 25%.
Amylopectin: 75 85%.
11
Hm lng tinh bt trong c khoai m ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh: iu kin kh

hu, ging, thi gian thu hoch, bo qun nhng quan trng nht l thi gian thu
hoch. Chng hn nh: sn 6 thng th thu hoch khong t thng 10 11 l tt nht (thi
gian thu hoch ph thuc vo ging sn) s cho nng sut v hm lng tinh bt cao
nht. Cn nu thu hoch sm th nng sut c thp, lng tinh bt t, lng cht ha tan
cao. Cn thu hoch tr qu th hm lng tinh bt s gim, thnh phn x tng, mt phn
tinh bt b thy phn thnh ng nui mm non.
Tinh bt trong khoai m tn ti di dng cc ht tinh bt c kch thc 3 34m.
Tinh bt khoai m c mt s tnh cht c trng rt c li khi s dng chng lm
nguyn liu trong ch bin thc phm nh:
-
Tinh bt khoai m khng c mi nn rt thun tin khi s dng chng cng vi cc

thnh phn c mi trong thc phm
Tinh bt khoai m trong nc sau khi c gia nhit s to thnh sn phm c

dng st trong sut nn rt thun tin trong vic s dng chng cng vi cc tc
nhn to mu khc.
T l amylopectin : amylose trong tinh bt khoai m cao (80:20) nn gel tinh bt c

nht, kt dnh cao v kh nng gel b thoi ha rt thp.
Hnh 2.3: Ht tinh bt khoai m qua knh hin vi in t qut
12
b. ng
- ng trong c ch yu l glucose v mt t maltose, saccharose.
-
Trong qu trnh ch bin cc ng ny s ha tan trong nc v theo nc dch

ra ngoi.
c. Protid
- Protid l thnh phn cha c nghin cu k, tuy nhin v hm lng thp nn t
nh hng ti quy trnh cng ngh.
-
Trong c sn, hm lng acid amine khng c cn i: tha arginine nhng li

thiu cc acid amine cha lu hunh.
Bng 2.3: Thnh phn mt s acid amine c trong c sn ([7])

Acid amine
Hm lng (mg/100g protid)
Lysine
Methionine
Tryptophan
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine
Arginine
Histidine
d. Vitamin v khong
30
13
3
33
23
21
30
20
40
13
C sn c cha nhiu Vitamin C v Canxi.
Ngoi ra trong c sn cn c Vitamin B v nhiu loi khong khc.
2.2.3.2. Cc hp cht khc

Ngoi nhng cht dinh dng trn, trong c sn cn c cha c t, tanin, sc t v
cc h enzyme phc tp. y l nhng cht gy nh hng xu n cht lng tinh bt
sau ny (ch yu v mu sc).
a. c t
13
Trong c khoai m, HCN tn ti di dng cyanogenic glucoside gm 2 loi linamarin

v lotaustralin.
-
Linamarin c cng thc phn t C10H17O6N v cng thc cu to l:

CH3
H3C
O
C6H11O5
c t ny c pht hin ln u bi Peckolt v c gi l manihotoxin.
Di tc dng ca dch v c cha HCl hoc men tiu ha, cht ny b phn hy
v gii phng ra acid cyanhydric l cht c i vi ngi.
C10H17O6N
H2O
C6H12O6
(Glucose)
(Linamarin)
(CH3)2O
(Aceton)
Acid Hydrocyanic
HCN
Lotaustralin c cng thc phn t l C11H119O6N v cng thc cu to l:

CH3
CH2
H3C
O
C6H11O5
Ty theo ging sn, iu kin t ai, ch canh tc v thi gian thu hoch m hm
lng HCN c khc nhau.
S phn b cht c trong c sn khng u: cung c cha nhiu cht c hn gia
c, lp v tht cha nhiu HCN hn c k n l li sn, phn tht sn c cha cht c t
hn.
Cc glucoside ny ha tan tt trong nc nn trong qu trnh sn xut tinh bt, c t
s theo nc dch thi ra ngoi. V vy mc d sn ng c hm lng c t cao nhng
sn phm tinh bt t sn vn c th s dng lm thc phm.
14
Do cc glucoside ny tp trung nhiu v c do khi ch bin nn tch dch bo

nhanh khng nh hng n mu sc ca tinh bt sau ny v HCN s tc dng vi Fe
cho ra mui cyanate st c mu xm lm en bt.
b. Enzyme
Cc enzyme trong sn ti nay cha c nghin cu k. Ngi ta cho rng trong s
cc enzyme c trong c sn th h enzyme polyphenoloxydase l enzym c nh hng
ln n cht lng sn trong qu trnh bo qun v ch bin.
Khi cha o ln, cc enzyme ny trong c s hot ng yu v n nh nhng khi
o c ln th cc enzyme ny c iu kin hot ng mnh, khi enzyme
polyphenoloxydase s xc tc qu trnh oxy ha polyphenol to octorinon sau tng
hp cc cht khng c bn cht phenol (cc acid amine) to ra cc sn phm c mu.
Trong nhm enzyme polyphenoloxydase c nhng enzyme oxy ha cc monophenol
m in hnh l tyrosinase xc tc s oxy ha acid amin tyrosine to ra quinon tng
ng. Cc quinon sau mt lot chuyn ha sinh ra sc t mu xm en gi l melanin. y
l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn lm cho tht sn c mu en (dn gian gi l chy nha).
Hnh 2.4: C ch to thnh melanin t tyrosine vi s xc tc ca enzym tyrosinase

15
Ngoi tyrosinase, cc enzyme oxy ha kh khc cng gp phn lm tn tht cht kh.
c. Tanin
-
Hm lng tanin trong sn t nhng sn phm oxy ha ca tanin l cht flobafen

c mu en kh ty.
Ngoi ra phn ng gia tanin vi st to tanat st c mu en cng kh ty.
2.3. nh gi cht lng ca c sn

C hai phng php nh gi cht lng ca c sn
2.3.1. Phng php cm quan
Xc nh c tt xu (c chy nha hay khng) v xc nh tng i hm lng tinh
bt c trong c.
a. Dng phng php cm quan xc nh c mi v c
-
B i c sn, nhn vo b mt ct ngang: nu c trng ti th tt c th li sn

xut sau.
Nu c b qung en, xm hay xanh en tc l c chy ch nn a vo sn xut

ngay.
b. Dng phng php cm quan xc nh ng tui sn thu hoch

-
Chn c sn trung bnh trong khm sn ri b lm i, nu ta ch dng mt lc

va phi b gy v thy tht sn chc v kh, mu tht c trng c th c th
coi nh l thu hoch sn ng tui, t l tinh bt s t mc cao.
Nu ta b c cng d dng nhng thy tht c sn c mu vng nht tuy chc tht
nhng phn gia c t v trong th l sn cn non v lng tinh bt thu c
s t.
Nu dng nhiu sc mi b gy c c hoc c b m khng gy i tc l c

thu hoch lc qu tui, lc c c x nhiu v lng tinh bt cng gim.
c. Dng phng php cm quan thng k trong thu mua sn nguyn liu
-
C nh v ngn (chiu di khong 10cm, ng knh c ch ln nht di 1,5cm)

khng qu 4%.
C dp nt v gy vn khng qu 3%.
16
Lng t v tp cht ti a t 1,5% 2%.
Khng c c thi.
C c du vt chy nha nh hn 5%.
2.3.2. Phng php thc nghim xc nh hm lng tinh bt c trong c

- Dng loi cn thc nghim do Thi Lan thit k.
-
Cn ny hot ng da trn s khc nhau v t trng gia tinh bt v nc.
Qua nhiu ln kho st v t cc s liu thu c hm lng tinh bt tng ng

vi mi ln l 5kg c.
2.4. Vn v bo qun c sn
Trong qu trnh bo qun, sn ti thng nhim bnh thi kh v thi t do nm v
vi khun gy nn nht l i vi nhng c b trc v v dp nt.
Mt s phng php bo qun khoai m ti:
-
Bo qun trong hm kn: mc ch ca vic bo qun trong hm kn l hn ch s

hot ng ca cc enzyme oxy ha, mt trong nhng nguyn nhn lm h hng
c. Yu cu hm phi kn hon ton, phi c mi che trnh nc chy vo.
Bo qun bng cch ph ct kh: chn c c kch thc u, khng b dp nt xp

thnh lung cao 0,5 0,6m, rng 1,2 1,5m, chiu di khong 4m. Sau ph
u ct ln, chiu dy lp ct t nht l 20cm.
Bo qun bng cch nhng hoc phun dung dch nc vi 0,5%, sau dng tru
hoc ct ph kn ng khoai m, bo qun theo phng php ny c th bo qun
trong 15 25 ngy.
Theo ti liu [8] sn mua v khng nn qu 48 gi sau thu hoch nn ta phi chn
ch thu mua thch hp c th ch bin trong vng 24 gi nhm trnh trng hp h
hng v gim cht lng tinh bt ca c.
17
B. Chn V Thuyt Minh Quy Trnh Cng Ngh

2.5. Phng php v ch sy
La chn phng php sy: Trong mi phng php sy s c nhiu phng
thc khc nhau. n sy ny phng php sy c s dng l cp nhit
theo cch i lu (tc l vic cp nhit cho vt m thc hin bng cch trao i
nhit i lu (t nhin hay cng bc), mi cht sy lm nhim v cp nhit.
Chn ch sy: lin tc
2.6. Chn Quy Trnh Cng Ngh
Hnh 2.5. S quy trnh cng ngh
18
2.7. Thuyt minh qui trnh sy

Thit b: thc hin qu trnh sy, ngi ta s dng h thng gm nhiu thit b
chnh v thit b ph. Trong n ny ta s dng cc loi thit b nh sau:
Hm sy
Thit b chnh
Xe gong
Qut y
Thit
B
Caloriphe
Thit b ph
Qut ht
Ti ko
Qui trnh sy: c thuyt minh nh sau

Nguyn liu: Khoai m c xp ln cc khay, cc khay ln lt c xp vo xe
gong. Cc xe gong c chuyn vo trong hm sy (v c b phn ti ko nn vic vn
chuyn xe gong v hm s thun tin v d dng hn), ng ca hm, tc nhn sy c
a vo hm v qu trnh sy bt u. Sau mi 30 pht, m ca vo v ca ra ca hm
sy. Dng ti ko xe gong ra khi hm ng thi y mt xe gong mi vo hm. Tip
tc tin hnh nh vy sau 6 gi ta sy xong 1 m vi nng sut 2,5 tn khoai m/m.
Tc nhn sy: Khng kh bn ngoi c a vo caloriphe nh qut y. Ti
caloriphe khng kh c t nng ln n nhit cn thit (caloriphe dng cht ti
nhit l hi nc). Sau khng kh c dn vo hm sy. Nhit khng kh ti u
hm sy phi c sao cho ph hp vi vt liu em sy (phi nh hn nhit cao nht
m vt liu c th chu c). Trong hm sy, khng kh nng i xuyn qua cc l li
ca khay ng vt liu v tip xc u vi vt liu sy. m ca vt liu s bc hi nh
nhit ca dng kh nng trn. Qut ht c t cui hm sy ht tc nhn sy ra khi
hm v a ra ngoi.
19
Yu cu:
Vt liu phi m bo cht lng cao.
Sn phm thu c:
Mu sc: trng u, khng c m nu en trn b mt.
m: khng qu 15%, phi gin.
Phi sch tp cht, khng ln vi ct, t, bi bn
Tiu tn nng lng t v chi ph vn hnh thp.
20
Chng 3:
TNH TON THIT B CHNH

Chn kiu thit b sy nh hnh v
Trong thit b ny, qu trnh sy xy ra trong hm. Kch thc c bn gm chiu

rng Bh, chiu cao Hh v chiu di Lh.
I. CC THNG S BAN U
1.1 Vt liu sy
Nhit khoai m vo hm
27 o C
Nhit khoai m ra khi hm
45 o C
Khi lng ring khoai m
0 1400 (Kg/m3)
Nhit dung ring khoai m
C=1,46 (kJ/kgK)
m ban u
w1=40% (khi lng)
m sau khi sy
w2=10% (khi lng)
Tc nhn sy
khng kh nng
Thi gian sy
6h/m
m cn bng
wcb=8%
m ti hn
w th
w1
w cb 30%
1.8
21
1.2 Tc nhn sy: khng kh nng

-Trng thi A: Trc khi vo Caloripher
to = 27 o C c m tng i
= exp{
p sut hi bo ha
[3]
= exp{
= 0.0355 bar=27mmHg
Th Pb vo cng thc
[3]
vi 82% ta c hm m x0=0.0184(kg m/kgkkk)

p sut hi ring phn: Ph .Pb =0,82.0,0355=0,0291 bar
1
H C pk .t x(r C pa .t )
1,004.t x(2500 1,842.t )
=> Th s vo ta c H0 = 74(kJ/kgkkk)
[3]
-Trng thi B: Trc khi vo hm

Chn t=100 o C x0 = x1 =0.0184(kg m/kgkkk)
Thay vo
= exp{
} = exp{
0.998 (bar) =749 (mmHg)
m tng i
Cng thc tnh Entanpy khng kh
H C pk .t x(r C pa .t )
[3]
1,004.t x(2500 1,842.t )
Thay s liu ta c H1=149(kJ/kgkkk)

Tra trn th khng kh m, xc nh c nhit bu t t = 38,5oC.
-Trng thi C: Sau khi ra khi hm sy
Chn t=45 o C v H1 =H2=149(kJ/kgkkk)
Ta tnh c
=0,0949 bar
22
Cng thc tnh hm m c rt ra t cng thc Entanpy:
(kgm/kgkkk)
=> 3 68%
=> P2=46 mmHg
Hnh 3.1: th H-x ca khng kh m
Bng 3.1: Bng tm tt

Cc thng s
Trng thi khng kh

A
82
65
t (0C)
27
100
45
X (kg m/kgkkk)
0,0184
0,0184
0,043
H (kJ/kgkkk)
74
149
149
P (mmHg)
22
22
46
23
II- TNH QU TRNH SY L THUYT

2.1 Cn bng vt cht
Nng sut tnh theo nguyn liu vo:
Nng sut nguyn liu cho 1 m: G2 = G1 x = 3750 x 6 = 22500 (kg/m)
[4]
Lng m bc hi: W G1 G0 =3750 - 2500= 1250 (kg/h)
[4]
Lng khng kh kh tn tht:
L=
= 50813 (kgkkk/h)
[4]
Lng khng kh bc cn thit lm bc hi 1kg m vt liu:

=
= 49581 (kgkkk/kg m)
2.2 Thit b chnh

2.2.1 Xe gong
Chn kch thc xe gong:
Chiu cao ton b ca xe: hx=2,5m
Chiu cao lm vic ca xe: h1=2,4m
Chiu di xe: lx=2m
Chiu rng xe: bx=1,5m
Tnh s khay trong mi xe gong:
Khong cch gia 2 tng khay: h2=0,1m
S tng khay trong 1 xe:
(tng khay)
S khay trong 1 tng: m= 1 khay

S khay trong 1 xe gong: S = m x n = 1 x 24 = 24 (khay)
Lng khoai m trn mi xe gong, mi khay cha 50kg khoai m:
24
gv = 50 x24 =1200(kg khoai m)
-S xe gong cn cho 1 m sy:
= ~ 19 (xe)
Tnh khi lng xe gong:

+ Khi lng khung xe:
Cn 6 thanh ng 2,6m; 4 thanh ngang 2,2m; 4 thanh dc 1,5m. Cc thanh lm
bng thp vung 304, c kch thc 30 30 1,5mm
Khi lng thc t 1m thp 304 nng 0,7kg
Khung xe gong nng: 0,7.(6.2,5+4.2,4+4.1,5)=21,42kg
Khi lng bnh xe gong: Khi lng bnh xe gong ng knh 70 nng 2kg
km 2 bi, mi nng 0,5kg v 1 ming cao su chu va p (0,02kg/ming).
Khi lng bnh xe goong: 2 + 2.0,5 + 0,02 = 3,02kg
+ Khi lng khay
Khung khay lm bng thp vung 304 kch thc 15 15 2 mm c 3 thanh di
1,8m v rng 1,4m
Khi lng thc t 1m thp 304 nng 0,5kg
Tng khi lng khung khay l: 0,5.(3.1,8+3.1,4)=4,8kg
Mi khay c tm li y, kch thc l 20 20 mm, lm bng thp khng g,
kch thc tm li 1,8 1, 4 m; khi lng 2kg/tm.
Khi lng 1 khay:
Gk=4,8+2=6,8 (kg)
Tng khi lng khay trn 1 xe =6,8 x 24 =163,2(kg)
Khi lng 1 xe gong cha ch khoai m: 163,2 + 21,42 + 3,02 = 187,64 (kg)
Khi lng 1 xe gong c ch khoai m: 187,64 + 1200=1387,64 (kg)
25
2.2.2 Hm sy
Chiu di hm sy: Lh nx lx L1 L2
Vi L1 l khong cch 2 xe, L2 l khong cch 2 u hm, thng ly L1+ L2=0,5lx
Lh = 19 x 2 + 0.5 x 2 = 39m
Chiu rng hm sy:
Bh bx 2b1 1,5 2 0, 05 1, 6 (m)
[1]
Vi b1: khong trng bn hng xe ti vch tng

Chiu cao hm sy:
Hh = hx + b2 = 2,5 + 0,1= 2,6 (m)
Vi b2: Khong cch t trn hm xung khay xe
[1]
Hm sy c xy bng gch c chiu dy 1 =0,3m; 2 lp h va mi lp dy
2 3 0, 025 m ph 2 bn lp gch =0,05m
Chiu rng ph b ca hm:

B Bh 2 (1 2 2 ) 1, 6 2 (0,3 2 0, 025) =2,3(m)
[1]
Trn hm sy c lp btng dy 3 0,35 m

Chn li:
Chiu cao xe goong: 2,5 m
Chiu rng xe: 1,5 (m)
S khay cha VLS: 24 khay
Chiu dy lp vt liu sy trn khay: 0,06 (m)
Khong cch gia cc khay: 0,1 (m)
Chiu rng hm sy: 1,6 (m)
Chiu cao hm sy: 2,6 (m)
Nh vy ph hp vi gi thit chn
26
2.3 Cn bng nng lng

2.3.1 Nhit tn tht do vt liu sy
G2 CVL (2 1 )
qVL
[4]
CVL CVLK (1 u2' ) CH2O u2' : nhit dung ring sau khi ra khi hm sy (J/kg.).
CVLK =1,46 kJ/kg.: nhit dung ring

CH 2O =4,18kJ/kg.: nhit dung ring ca nc
CVL=1,46.(1-0,1) + 4,18.0,1=1,732 (kJ/kg.)

= 86,6 (kJ/kg m)
qVL =
2.3.2 Nhit tn tht do thit b chuyn ti

2.3.2.1 Nhit tn tht do xe gong mang i
qx
Gx' C304 (t x2 t x1 ) n x
[1]
G`x =187,64kg: khi lng 1 xe

C304= 0,5kJ/kg.: nhit dung ring ca thp 304
tx1=27 o C : nhit ca xe khi vo hm sy
tx2=45 o C : nhit ca xe khi ra khi hm sy
nx=19 xe: s xe trong hm sy
qx
Gx' C304 (t x2 t x1 ) n x
4,278 (kJ/kgm)
2.3.2.2 Nhit tn tht do khay sy

qk
nx s Gk Ck (tk2 tk1 )
W
[1]
Gk=6,8 kg: Khi lng mi khay

Ck=0,5kJ/kg.: Nhit dung ring
t k1 =27 o C : nhit ca khay lc vo hm sy

t k 2 =45 o C : nhit ca khay lc ra khi hm sy
27
qk
nx s Gk Ck (tk2 tk1 )
W
(kJ/kgm)
Vy nhit tn tht do thit b chuyn ti: qCT=qx+qk=4,278 +3,721 =7,999(kJ/kgm)

2.3.3 Nhit tn tht ra mi trng q m
q m q t q tr q n q c q mc q dh
[1]
Nhit tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh bao gm:

Nhit tn tht ra tng q t
Nhit tn tht ra trn hm sy q tr
Nhit tn tht qua nn q n
Nhit tn tht qua ca q c
Nhit tn tht do m ca q mc
Nhit tn tht ng hc q dh
2.3.3.1 Nhit tn tht ra tng q t
Hnh 3.2: Phn b nhit qua tng hm sy

qt
Kt Ft ttb 3600
(J/kg)
W
[1]
-W=1250 (kg m/h): lng m bc hi trong hm sy

28
-Ft: b mt 2 tng hm sy
Ft 2 Lh H h =2.39.2,6=202,8 (m2)
- ttb : hiu s nhit trung bnh

ttb
td tc
73 18
o
=
39, 283 C
t
73
ln d
ln
tc
18
[1]
Vi td t1 tk =100-27=73 o C
tc t2 tk =45-27=18 o C
-Kt: h s truyn nhit, W/m2

Gi thit nhit ca tc nhn sy thay i theo khng gian, khng thay i theo thi
gian, tc l truyn nhit bin nhit n nh.
Kt
2 1 1

2 1 2
[1]
Vi:
- 1 0,3m; 2 0, 025m : ln lt l b dy lp gch v lp h va
- 1 , 2 : h s dn nhit ca gch, lp va trt tng ln lt l 1 =0,75W/mK, 2
=1W/mK.
- 1 : h s cp nhit t tc nhn sy n tng nhm (W/m2.)
- 2 : h s cp nhit t mt ngoi tng hm sy ra mi trng (W/m2.)
-Tnh h s cp nhit 1 :
1 A ( '1 1" ) , trong :
A: h s ph thuc ch chuyn ng ca khng kh. Khi ch chy xoy vo

tng nhm th: A =1,2 1,3 , chn A =1,2
Nu ' T

: h s cp nhit ca khng kh nng chuyn ng cng bc
Lh
'
1
(W/m2.)
[1]
29
Vi: T =0,0299W/m: h s dn nhit ca tc nhn sy tra nhit trung bnh

ttb
(t1 t2 ) (100 45)
72,5 o C
2
2
Lh =39m :chiu di hm sy
Nu1' c Re n : chun s Nuselt i vi khng kh
Vi c, n l h s ph thuc vo ch chuyn ng ca tc nhn sy.

Chn c=0,032 v n= 0,8
Re
d td w k T
Vi
=1,98m l ng knh tng ng ca hm
sy
w k =3m/s: tc tc nhn sy
T = 1,02175 kg/m3: khi lng ring tc nhn sy ttb=72,5 o C

T = 2, 07 105 Ns/m3: nht ca tc nhn sy tra ttb=72,5 o C
= 2,93.105 > 4.104
= 0,032 x (2,93.105)0,8 = 756,213
= 0,579 (W/m2.)
"1
Nu1" T
: h s cp nhit do i lu t nhin (W/m2.)
Hh
Vi: T =0,0299W/m: h s dn nhit ca tc nhn sy nhit trung bnh

ttb
(t1 t2 ) (100 45)
72,5 o C
2
2
Hh=2,6m: chiu cao hm

Nu1" (Gr Pr) m
30
Chun s Grashof: Gr
g H h3 T T2
T3 Ttb
[1]
Vi: g=9,81m/s2 : gia tc trng trng

Ttb : nhit trung bnh ca tc nhn sy (K)
tT1 : nhit b mt tng pha tip xc vi tc nhn sy, y
chn tT1 = 72,2oC.
T =1,044965 (kg/m3) v T 20,3425 106 (Ns/m2) ln lt l khi lng ring,
nht ca tc nhn sy tra nhit mng tm
ttb tT 1 72,5+72, 2
72,35 o C
2
2
Ttb=72,5+273=345,5 o K : nhit trung bnh ca tc nhn sy

T =(72,5-72,2)=0,3 o K : hiu s nhit gia nhit trung bnh ca tc nhn
sy vi nhit b mt tng pha tip xc vi tc nhn sy.
= 1,942.1013
Gr =
Chun s Grandtl theo ttb=72,5 o C ca tc nhn sy: Pr =0,685

Gr x Pr = 1,942.1013 x 0,685 = 1,33.1013
, m l cc h s ph thuc vo tch s Gr Pr
Chn 0,135 v m 1/ 3
0,135 x (1,33.1013)1/3 = 3198
=
Vy
= 36,78
Ax(
) = 1,2 x (0,579 + 36,78) = 44,83 (W/m2.)
Nhit ti ring truyn t tc nhn sy n tng hm sy:

=
x (ttb - tT1) = 44,83 x (72,5 - 72,2) = 13,45 (J/kg)

[1]
2 '2 2"
Vi '2 : h s cp nhit do khng kh i lu t nhin (W/m2)

31
2" : h s cp nhit do bc x nhit t mt tng ngoi ca hm sy ra mi trng
xung quanh. (W/m2)

Tnh 2" :
2' 1,98 4 t2
Vi: t2 tT t xq =29,5 - 27= 2,5 o C : hiu s nhit gia b mt tng (Chn

2
tT2 =29,5 C) v khng kh xung quanh (Chn t xq =27 o C )
2' 1,98 4 2,5 2, 49 (W/m2)

Tnh 2" :
TT 4 T 4
C12 2 1
100 100
2"
(W/m2)
TT2 T0
[1]
Vi : H s bc x chung, thng c gi tr trong khong (4,15-4,25). Chn C1 2

=4,25 W / m2 K 4
TT2 =29,5+273=302,5 o K : nhit tng hm sy pha tip xc vi khng kh bn
ngoi.
T1 = 27+273=300 o K : nhit tng nh phn xng
To =25,5+273=298,5 o K : nhit khng kh bn ngoi
2"
302,5 4 300 4
4, 25

100 100
302,5 298,5
2,9 (W/m2)
Vy 2 2' 2" 2, 49 2,9 5,39 (W/m2)

Nhit ti ring truyn t mt ngoi tng hm sy ra mi trng xung quanh
q2 2 t2 5,39 2,5 13, 49( J / kg )
Kt

1
2 2 1
1
2 1 2
1
[1]
= 1,52 (W/m2)
Kim tra li gi thit v nhit :

32
-So snh nhit ti ring q1 v q 2 :

x 100% = 0,30% < 5% -> t
x100% =
-So snh nhit mt tng hm sy vi cc nhit tT1 , tT2 gi thit ban u:

Nhit b mt tng pha tip xc vi tc nhn sy so snh vi tT =72,2 o C
1
tT' 1 ttb
K t (ttb tk )
[1]
Vi tk =27 o C : nhit khng kh trong phn xng.

t tb =72,5 o C : nhit trung bnh ca tc nhn sy trong hm.
=>
= ttb -
So snh vi
|
= 70,96 oC
= 72,5 72,2 o C
x 100% =
x 100% = 1,72% < 5% -> t
Nhit b mt tng pha tip xc vi khng kh bn ngoi so snh vi
tT2
=29,5 o C :
= tk +
= 30,83 oC
= 27 +
[1]
tT2 tT' 2
tT2
100%
x 100% = 4,5% < 5%
=> t
Nh vy cc gi thit ban u v nhit c th chp nhn c.

Vy nhit tn tht ra tng qt:
=
=
= 34874,55 (J/kg) = 34,874 (kJ/kg)

33
2.3.3.2 Tnh nhit tn tht qua trn hm sy

Qu trnh cp nhit qua trn c tnh ton ging nh cp nhit qua tng, ch khc
y l tng nm ngang.
Nhit tn tht qua trn:
qtr
Ktr Ftr ttb 3600

(J/kg)
W
[1]
Vi:
-W=1250 (kgm/h): lng m bc hi trong hm sy
- Ftr L h .Bh =39.1,6=62,4 m2 : din tch b mt trn hm sy
- ttb =39,283 o C : hiu s nhit trung bnh (cch tnh tng t nhit tn tht ra tng)
-Ktr: h s truyn nhit qua trn. (W/m2)
K tr
[1]
' 1
1'
1 1 2
1
- 1' =0,4m: trn hm sy gm 1 lp btong

- 1' = 0,2787
- 1 : h s cp nhit t tc nhn sy n tng nhm (W/m2.)
- 2 : h s cp nhit t mt ngoi tng hm sy ra mi trng (W/m2.)
1 A ( '1 1" )
- '1 = 0,579(W/m2.). Cch tnh ton ging nh trng hp vi tng.

Nu1" T
-
0,7 cn gim i 30% so vi trng hp tnh ton vi tng.
Bh
"
1
T =0,0299W/m
Bh=1,6m
Nu1" (Gr Pr) m
34
Chun s Grashof: Gr
g H h3 T T2
T3 Ttb
Vi: g=9,81m/s2 : gia tc trng trng

Ttb=72,5+273=345,5 o K : nhit trung bnh ca tc nhn sy
Chn ttr 1 =72,1 o C : nhit b mt tng pha tip xc vi tc nhn sy
T =1,02175 kg/m3 v T 2, 07 105 (Ns/m2) ln lt l khi lng ring,
nht ca tc nhn sy tra nhit mng tm
ttb ttr1 72,5+72,1
72,3 o C
2
2
T = ttb ttr1 =(72,5-72,1)=0,4 o K : hiu s nhit gia nhit trung bnh ca
tc nhn sy vi nhit b mt tng pha tip xc vi tc nhn sy.
= 2,349.1013
Chun s Grandtl theo ttb=72,5 o C ca tc nhn sy: Pr =0,685

Gr x Pr = 2,349.1013 x 0,685 = 1,609.1013
, m l cc h s ph thuc vo tch s Gr Pr
Chn 0,135 v m 1/ 3
0,135 x (1,609.1013)1/3 = 3408
=
= 63,69
Vy
Ax(
) = 1,2 x (0,579 + 63,69) = 77,123 (W/m2.)
Nhit ti ring truyn t tc nhn sy n trn hm sy:

=
x (ttb - ttr1) = 77,123 x (72,5 - 72,1) = 30,85 (J/kg)
2 '2 2"
Vi '2 : h s cp nhit do khng kh i lu t nhin (W/m2)
35
2" : h s cp nhit do bc x nhit t mt trn ngoi ca hm sy ra mi trng
xung quanh. (W/m2)

-Tnh 2' :
2' 2,5 4 t2 1,3
[1]
Vi: t2 ttr t xq =30-27=30C=3 o K : hiu s nhit gia b mt tng

2
tT2
=30 o C v khng kh xung quanh txq=27 o C

2' 4,277(W/m2)
-Tnh 2" :
2"
Ttr 4 T 4
C12 2 1
100 100
Ttr2 T0
(W/m2)
[1]
Vi C1 2 =4,2W/m2K4 h s bc x chung, gi tr trong khong (4,15-4,25)

Ttr2 =30+273=303 o K : nhit trn hm sy pha tip xc vi khng kh bn ngoi.
T1 = 27+273=300 o K : nhit tng nh phn xng
To =25+273=298 o K : nhit khng kh bn ngoi (Chn To = 25oC)
303 4 300 4
4, 2

100
100
"
2
2, 76 (W/m )
303 298
Vy 2 2' 2" 7,04(W/m2)

Nhit ti ring truyn t mt ngoi trn hm sy ra mi trng xung quanh
q2 2 t2 21,11 ( J / kg )
= 0,629 (W/m2)
Vy nhit tn tht ra trn qtr:

qtr
Ktr Ftr ttb 3600

=4440 (J/kg)
W
36
2.3.3.3 Nhit tn tht qua nn

Cng thc thc nghim: qn
qn0 Fn 3600
W
[1]

- Fn L h .Bh =39.1,6=62,4m2 l din tch nn
- q n0 : tn tht ring ca 1m2 nn, ph thuc vo nhit trung bnh ca tc nhn sy v
v tr t hm sy trong phn xng.
ttb (0C)
q n0 (W/m )
40
24,5
60
34,2
Bng 3.2 : Gi tr ni suy

T gi tr trong bng trn, ta ni suy ti ttb= 72,5oC th q n0 =40,26
qn0 Fn 3600
Vy qn
=
W
7235(J/kg)
2.3.3.4 Nhit tn tht qua ca

qc
K c Fc ttb 3600
W
[1]
-Fc=2.1,1.1,25=2,75m2 : Din tch tt c cc ca ca hm sy (Ca c chiu rng 1,1m;

chiu cao 1,25m. Hm sy c 2 ca).
- ttb = ttb-tk =72,5-27=45,5 o C : hiu s nhit trung bnh ca tc nhn sy v khng kh
ngoi hm sy.
-H s truyn nhit qua ca:
Kc
[1]
1
2 2 1
1
thp b 2
1
37
Hm sy gm 2 ca vo v ra, mi ca gm 3 lp:
-Hai lp pha ngoi ca lm bng thp c b dy 1 3 2mm , h s dn nhit
thp=0,5W/m.
-Mt lp gia lm bng bng thy tinh cch nhit, b dy 2 70mm , h s dn

nhit b=0,035W/m.
- 1 , 2 ly bng gi tr h s cp nhit trong trng hp tnh ton vi tng.
Kc
1
2 2 1
1
thp b 2
1
0,4513(W/m2)
Kim tra li gi thit v nhit :

So snh nhit mt tng hm sy vi cc nhit t c , t c :
1
-Nhit ca pha tip xc vi tc nhn sy: t c =72,2 o C

1
Tnh nhit ca pha tip xc vi tc nhn sy:

tc'1 ttb
tc1 tc' 1
tc1
K c (ttb tk )
100%
= 72,04 o C
=72,5 -
x 100% = 0,22% < 5% => t
-Nhit ca pha tip xc vi khng kh xung quanh: t c =31 o C

2
Tnh nhit ca pha tip xc vi khng kh bn ngoi

tc' 2 tk
tc2 tc' 2
tc2
K c (ttb tk )
= 30,8 o C
=27 +
100% 0,65% < 5%
Nh vy cc gi thit ban u v nhit c th chp nhn c.

Vy nhit tn tht ra tng : qc
K c Fc ttb 3600
=162,6(J/kg)
W
38
2.3.3.5 Nhit tn tht do m ca

Theo kinh nghim nhit tn tht do m ca thng khong 10% tng tn tht nhit qua
tng v qua nn.
qmc= 0,1(qt+qn)=0,1(34874,55+7235)=4211(J/kg)
Cui cng ta tnh c nhit tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh:
qm=qt +qtr +qn +qc +qmc= 34874,55 + 4440 + 7235 + 162,6 + 4211 = 50923,15(J/kg)
= 50,923(kj/kg)
Lng nhit tn tht chung
q q
VL
qVC qm = 86,6 + 7,999 + 50,923 = 145,5(kJ/kg)
Vy ta tnh c lng nhit b sung thc t:

( qVL + qVC + qm) =4,18 .27 145,5 = - 32,64 (kJ/kg m)
39
III. TNH TON QU TRNH SY THC

V th sy thc:
Hnh 3.3: th sy thc

Ta c: H2 H1 ( x2' x1 )
[3]
Vi: x 2' : l hm m ca khng kh sau khi ri kh hm sy ca qu trnh sy thc.

H l entanpy ca khng kh m c tnh theo cng thc sau:
H hk xha
[3]
hk , ha : entanpy ca 1kg khng kh kh v ca 1kg hi nc.
hk C pk t
[3]
ha r C pa t
x2'
C pk (t1 t2 ) x0 (r C pat1 )
r C pat2
Cpk, Cpa, r: nhit dung ring ca khng kh kh, ca hi nc v n nhit ha hi.

Cpk=1,004 kJ/kg.K
Cpa=1,842 kJ/kg.K
r= 2500 kJ/kg
40
= - 32,64(kJ/kg)
= 0,0402
Cc thng s ca qu trnh sy thc:
H2' Cpk t2 x2 (r Cpat2 ) =156,245(kJ/kgkkk)
4026.42
Pb2 exp 12
=0,0949 (bar)
235.5 t2
2'
x2'
=
Pb (0,621 x2' )
68,23%
Lng khng kh cn thit bc hi 1kg m trong qu trnh sy thc:

=
= 45,87(kgkkk/kg m)
Lng khng kh cn trong qu trnh sy thc:

L' W l ' =1250 x 45,87=57337,5(kgkkk/h)
Tnh ton lp bng cn bng nhit:

-Lng nhit tiu hao q:
q l ' ( H1 H 0 ) =45,87(149-74) = 3440,25(kJ/kg m)
-Lng nhit c ch:

q1 i2 Ca1 (r C pat2 ) Ca1 = (2500 + 1,842.45) - 4,18.27=2470,03(kJ/kg m)
-Tn tht nhit do tc nhn sy mang i:

q2 l ' .CTNS (t2 to )
[3]
M CTNS C pk C pa xo =1,004+1,842.0,0184=1,038(kJ/kg.K)
q2 l ' .CTNS (t2 to ) = 45,87.1,038(45 27) = 857,03(kJ/kg m)
-Tng lng nhit c ch v cc tn tht:

q' q1 q2 q =2470,03 + 857,03 + 145,5 = 3490,56(kJ/kg m)
Theo nguyn tc cn bng nhit th q=q, nhng do sai s trong qu trnh tnh ton nn q
q
41
Sai s
|
Sai s chp
nhn c.
Bng 3.3: Bng cn bng nhit
STT
i lng
K hiu
kJ/kg m
Nhit lng c ch
q1
2470,03
71,13
Tn tht nhit do tc nhn sy
q2
857,03
24,68
Tn tht nhit do vt liu sy
qvl
86,6
2,49
Tn tht nhit do thit b qvc
7,999
0,23
1,47
chuyn ti
5
Tn tht nhit ra mi trng
qm
50,923
Tn tht nhit tnh ton
3490,56
Tng lng nhit tiu hao
3440,25
Sai s
1,46%
T bng cn bng nhit trn, ta nhn thy hiu sut ca thit b sy: T =71,13%.Trong
cc tn tht, tn tht do tc nhn sy gy ra l ln nht (24,68%), tn tht do vt liu sy
v thit b chuyn ti rt b,coi nh khng ng k.
42
Chng 4:
TNH V CHN THIT B PH

4.1 Tnh Caloripher
Caloripher l thit b dng t nng khng kh trc khi a khng kh vo hm sy.
Trong k thut sy thng dng 2 loi caloripher: caloripher kh-hi v caloripher kh
khi. y ta sy khoai m bng hm sy vi nhit tc nhn sy khng qu 120 o C
nn ta chn loi caloripher kh-hi.
Hnh 4.1: Caloripher kh-hi

Caloripher kh-hi l thit b trao i nhit c vch ngn. Trong ng l hi bo ha
ngng t, ngoi ng l khng kh chuyn ng. Do h s trao i nhit khi ngng t ca
hi nc n rt ln so vi h s trao i nhit i lu gia mt ngoi ca ng vi khng
kh k . V vy, pha khng kh thng c lm cnh tng cng truyn nhit. Hi
nc trong ng c p sut 1,46 at, nhit bo ha ca hi nc l ts= 110 o C .
chnh lch trung bnh :
43
ttb
tmax tmin
t
ln max
tmin
[1]
tmax ts to 110 27 83o C

tmin ts t1 110 100 10o C
Vi t0, t1 l nhit khng kh vo v ra khi caloripher.
ttb
tmax tmin
=
t
ln max
tmin
34,495 o C
Nhit lng cn cung cp cho caloriphe trong 1 gi:

Q = L.(H1 Ho) =50813 .(149 74) = 3810975 (kJ/h)
Q = 1058604 (W).
+Caloripher c ng lm bng thp c:
H s dn nhit thep =55W/mK
ng knh trong d1=48mm=0,048m
ng knh ngoi d2=50mm=0,05m
Chiu di ng l=1,5m
Bc ng ngang s1=0,3m
Bc ng dc s2=0,2m
+Cnh lm bng ng c:
H s dn nhit c 150 W/mK
ng knh cnh dc=0,055m
Chiu dy mi cnh c 1 mm=0,001m
Khong cch gia 2 cnh t= 40mm=0,04m
Chiu dy vch ng: 0,5(d 2 -d1 ) =0,5(50-48)=1mm=0,001m
[1]
Bc cnh sc=t+ c = 0,04 + 0,001 =0,041m
[1]
Chiu cao cnh h=0,5(dc- d2) = 0,5(0,055 0,05) = 0,0025m
[1]
S cnh trn 1 ng nc
l
1,5
=37 (cnh)
sc 0, 041
[1]
44
Ta c
d2
0.05
1.041 1.4
d1 0, 048
Do c th tnh h s truyn nhit qua ng ng vi b mt khng lm cnh F1 theo

cng thc tnh h s truyn nhit qua vch phng:
K F1
1 thep 2 c
1
[1]
Vi:
- thep =55W/mK
- 0,5(d 2 -d1 ) =0,001m
- c 1
d c2 -d 22
=1,1334: h s lm cnh. (chn loi cnh trn trn ng)
2d 2 sc
- 1 : h s ta nhit ca hi nc trong ng, W/m2

- 2 : h s ta nhit ta nhit ca ton b b mt ngoi ca vch c cnh, W/m2.
-Tnh 1 : 1 0, 725 4
r 3 2
t d1
Cc thong s ca nc ngng t:
[1]
r =2234kJ/kg
= 0,685W/mK
= 951kg/m3
=2,56.10-4 N.s/m2
t : chnh lch nhit gia hi trong ng v vch ng. V ta cha bit nhit
vch nn chn t =0,35 o C

1 0, 725 4
2234.1000.0, 68539512
14291,56 (W/m2)
0,35.2,56.104.0, 048
-Tnh c : c : h s ta nhit t b mt cnh ti khng kh, W/m2

c
Nu f
dE
45
Ta chn loi ng xp sole:

Nu f 0, 251Re
0,67
s1 d 2
d2
0,2
s1 d 2
0,2
[1]
Tiu chun Reynold tnh theo tc ti khe hp qua cnh max v ng knh
tng ng dE.
Re
max d E
Vi:
- F01 .d 2 .t.nc .0, 05.0, 04.37 =0,2325 m2 : din tch mt ngoi ng pha khng
lm cnh, m2
dc2
0, 0552
d2
0, 052
2
2 nc 2
37 =0,0305(m ) : din tch cnh ca

4
4
4
4
- Fc1 2
1 ng
- F21 F01 Fc1 =0,263m2 : din tch ton b mt ngoi ng.
[1]
[1]
dE =
= 0,0466 (m)
Chn vn tc dng kh vo caloripher l 30,268m/s, tc ti khe hp qua cnh:

max
d
h
1 2 2 c
s1sc
s1
35,508
=42,64 (m/s)
0, 0025.0, 001
0, 05
1
2
0, 2.0, 041
0,3
Cc thng s vt l , ly theo nhit trung bnh ca khng kh bn ngoi ng.

Nhit trung bnh ca khng kh bn ngoi ng.
ttb
(t0 t1 ) (27 100)

=63,5 o C
2
2
=2,8825.10-2 W/mK
46
-6
2
=18,715.10 m /s
Re =
Nuf = 0,251(1,06.105)0,67 (
= 284,95
= 176,26 ( W/m2)
-Tnh 2
2 c
Fc1
c
F21
F01 0, 2325
=7,623
Fc1 0,0305
[1]
- c : hiu sut cnh, xc nh nh sau:
2 c
c c
= 48,48
[1]
.h=48,48.0,0025=0,121
Tra trn th 2-31 ng vi loi cnh trn, ta c: c =0,77

(W/m2 )
191,17(W/m2)
Kim tra li chnh lch nhit t =0,35 o C
= 191,17.34,495 =6594,4(W/m2)
=
|
0,36 oC
=
|
x 100% = 2,9% < 5%
47
Gi s v chnh lch nhit trn ta c th chp nhn c.

+Din tch b mt trong cc ng:
=
= 160 (m2)
=
=
[1]
+Tng s ng trong caloripher

n
F1
130
=707 (ng)
d1l 3,14.0, 048.1,5
+S hng ng:
= 24 (hng), vi m=29: s ng trong mi hng.
[1]
+Kch thc calorpher

b=m.s1=29.0,3=8,7
[1]
c=z.s2=24.0,2=4,8
[1]
+Tr lc ca caloripher:
Pc
m2 ax z
[1]
3
0
=1,06825kg/m : khi lng ring ca khng kh tra nhit t=57,5 C
: h s tr khng
0,9
0, 72 Re
0,245
0,9
s1 d 2
d s d
2 E 1 2
sc
d 2 s2 d 2
0, 72 1, 06.10
5 0,245
0,9
0,1
[1]
0,9
0,3 0, 05
0, 0466 0,3 0, 05
0, 041 2 0, 05 0, 2 0, 05
0,1
= 0,0582
(N/m2)
48
4.2 Tnh v chn qut

Qut l thit b vn chuyn tc nhn sy trong h thng sy. chn loi qut c s hiu
bao nhiu cn phi xc nh c:
Tr lc m qut phi khc phc:
Nng sut ca qut Q.
A, B, C l trng thi ca khng kh khi vo caloripher, khi vo hm sy v khi ra khi
hm sy.
A , B , C l khi lng ring ca khng kh ng vi cc trng thi trn.

A , B , C l nht ng hc ca khng kh ng vi cc trng thi trn.
Q A , Q B , Q C l nng sut ca qut ca qut ng vi cc trng thi trn ca khng kh.
Nng sut qut tnh theo cng thc sau: Q
[3]
L=50813 (kgkkk/h): lng khng kh kh cn

Bng 4.1: Bng tm tt
thi t(oC)
Trng
(kg/m3)
(m2/s)
Q (m3/h)
khng kh
A
27
1,136
1,63.10-5
44729,75
100
0,946
2,32.10-5
53713,53
45
1,1105
1,75.10-5
45756,87
4.2.1 Tr lc t qut n caloripher

l vA2 A
Pms 1
(N/m2)
1
[5]
Chn ng dn u r ca qut c ng knh d= 0,6m

- f1
- vA
0, 62
d2
0, 283 (m2): Tit din mt ct ngang ca ng dn
= 3,14
4
4
QA
3600 f1
(m/s): Vn tc dng kh ra khi qut
[5]
[5]
49
- l= 1,5m: Chiu di ng dn t qut n caloripher

100
- 1 0,11, 46
d Re
0,25
: h s ma st
Tnh cc ch s:
Re
vAd
A
1,62.
8/7
d
Re gh 6

[5]
8/7
600
6
0, 08
=160987,7
[5]
=0,08mm nhm tuyt i ca ng dn l loi ng mi khng hn.

d
Ren 220

9/8
=5033460
[5]
Re gh < Re < Re n : khu vc qu nm gia khu vc nhn thy lc v khu thy lc
nhm. H s ma st c tnh theo cng thc:

100
1 0,11, 46
d Re
0,25
l v A2 A
Pms1 = 1
d 2
[5]
69,5 (N/m2)
4.2.2 Tr lc caloripher
Cch tnh tng t nh trn
(N/m2)
4.2.3 Tr lc caloripher n hm
Pms2 2
l vB2 B
d 2
[5]
ng dn t caloripher n hm c ng knh d=0,6m:

-l=3m: chiu di ng dn
- =0,08mm: nhm
- f1
0, 62
d2
0, 283 (m2): Tit din mt ct ngang ca ng dn
= 3,14
4
4
50
- vB
QB
3600 f1
(m/s): Vn tc dng kh ra khi qut
[5]
Xc nh h s ma st 2
Tnh cc ch s:
Re
vB d '
B
1,36.106
8/7
d
Re gh 6

d
Ren 220

[5]
8/7
600
6
0, 08
=160987,7
9/8
[5]
=5033460
[5]
Re gh < Re < Re n . Nn h s ma st c tnh theo cng thc:
100
2 0,11, 46
d Re
0,25
1,3.102
[5]
Tr lc caloripher n hm:
Pms2
l vB2 B
2
d 2
85,5 (N/m2)
4.2.4 Tr lc t m khi vo hm sy
2
Pcb 1 B B
1
[5]
f
1 1 1' : H s tr lc cc b
f1
Ta c:
[5]
wk
f
1'
B
f1
[5]
Vn tc dng kh trong hm: wk= 3m/s

- f0
0, 62
d2
0, 283 (m2): Tit din ngang ca ng dn
= 3,14
4
4
f1' l tit din mt ct ngang ca phn m rng vo hm sy
51
= 4,97 (m2)
=
(
) =(
) = 0,8893
Tr lc t m khi vo hm sy:
(N/ m2)
4.2.5 Tr lc do p ng u ra ca qut
2
Pr A A
=1094,85(N/m2)
2
Tng tr lc t qut y n trc hm sy:
P P
1
ms1
Pms2 Pc Pr Pcb1
[2]
=69,5+85,5+1356,474+1094,85+1169,2=3775 N/m2
4.2.6 Tr lc hm sy
lh w k2
Ph 3
dtd
= 1,98 (m): ng knh tng ng ca hm sy
[5]
[5]
Xc nh cc ch s:
Re =
= 304693,5
[5]
Vi v=19,495.10-6m2/s l nht ng hc ca khng kh ti nhit trung bnh

trong hm sy t=72,5oC
(
[5]
1,5mm : nhm ca hm sy
52
d
Ren 220

9/8
=712965
[5]
Re gh < Re < Re n
H s ma st c tnh theo cng thc:

(
Ph 3
lh w k2
dtd 2
)
1,805 (N/m2)
= 0,0195.
=0,0195
[5]
4.2.7 Tr lc xe gong
- Lu lng th tch trong hm:
= 49735,2 (m3/h)
-Khi khng c xe gong:
Ph0 4
Lh h2
dtd 2
[5]
Vn tc khng kh trong hm khi khng c xe:

vh=
= 3 (m/s)
.
Xc nh cc ch s:
Re =
= 304693
(
d
Ren 220

9/8
=712965
[5]
[5]
[5]
53
Re gh Re Re n H s ma st c tnh theo cng thc:
=0,0194
Tr lc:
= 1,79 (N/m2)
-Khi c xe gong:
2
Pxe Ph Ph0 =1,805-1,796=0,009(N/m )
4.2.8 Tr lc t th ti hm v ng ht
2
Pcb 4 C C
4
- C
Qc
3600 f1
= 44,9 (m/s): Vn tc dng kh trong ng ht:
1
- 4 1 : H s tn tht

: h s co hp. V
0,57
f1
=
Fh
<0,6 nn ta c cng thc sau:
0, 043
1,1 f1 Fh
[5]
ng ht c ng knh: d=0,6m
Tit din ng ht: f1=0,283m2
Tit din hm sy: Fh=Bh.Hh=1,6.2,6=4,16 (m2)
=
= 0,566
1
4 1

) = 0,588
Tr lc t thu ti hm v ng ht:
Pcb4 4
C2 C
=0,588
2
= 658,2(N/m2)
54
4.2.9 Tr lc ng cong 90 o C
C2 C
Pcb 5
[5]
5 = 0,5874 chn theo bng b7 trang 216, ti liu c lu cht.
Tr lc ng cong 90 o C :
Pcb5 5
C2 C
= 0,5874
2
= 657,5(N/m2)
4.2.10 Tr lc p ng u vo ca qut ht
2
Pv C C =
= 1119,38(N/m2)
[5]
4.2.11 Tr lc ng dn kh ra khi hm
l v2
Pms 5 ' C C
d
[5]
d=0,6m : ng dn c ng knh
l=3m: chiu di ng dn
=0,08mm: nhm
Cc ch s:
Re
vC d '
=
C
d'
Re gh 6

[5]
8/7
d'
Ren 220

8/7
600
6
0, 08
9/8
160988
600
220
0, 08
[5]
9/8
5033460
[5]
Re gh < Re < Re n . H s ma st c tnh theo cng thc:
100
5 0,11, 46 '
d
Re
0,25
= 1,27.
Tr lc ng dn:
55
Pms5
l vC2 C
5 '
=
d 2
=71,08 (N/m2)
[5]
Vy:
-Tng tr lc t hm sy n qut ht:
=1,805+0,009+658,2+657,5+1119,38+71,08=2508(N/m2)
-Tng tr lc qut:
P P P =3775+2508=6283 (N/m2)
1
-Chn qut: Trong h thng ny cn c 2 qut: qut ht v qut y. Mi qut c:

Tr lc cn khc phc: Pquat
Nng sut qut: Qqut
1
P =
2
= 3141,5(N/m2)
QA QB QC
=48066,72 (m3/h)
3
[2]
Theo th hnh II-57 trang 488, ta chn qut II 9-57 N04 c:

-Hiu sut q 0, 6
- 68 rad/s
-Tc vng ca bnh gung: 13,65 m/s
-Cng sut ng c in: N q
1,1Pquat Qquat
1000qtr
[2]
Vi tr = 1: hiu sut truyn ng ca qut, trng hp qut lp trc trc tip vi trc
ng c in.
3
= 1,2kg/m : khi lng ring ca khng kh iu kin chun.
Nq =
= 92,3 (kW)
4.3 Tnh v chn ng c ko ti

Trng lng ca 1 xe gong c ch khoai m: 1387,64.10=13876,4 (N)
Trng lng ca 26 xe gong : Po=13876,4 .19=263651,6 (N)
Ta xem tng cc lc cn bng 5% trng lng xe: Pc=0,05. 263651,6 =13182,58 (N)
56
Tng lc ko ca ng c: P=Po +Pc=263651,6 +13182,58 =276834,18 (N)

Cng sut ca ng c: N d
P.v
=
60000. d
= 65,14 (kW)
[2]
vi v =12 vng/pht: vn tc xe gong.
57
KT LUN
H thng sy hm trn sy vt liu theo kiu gin on. V vy s khng cn phn bit
tc nhn sy i xui chiu hay cng chiu vi vt liu sy.
Cc tnh ton trn y khng trnh khi cc sai s do nhiu nguyn nhn. Do n
ch c tnh tham kho trc khi tin hnh xy dng thc t.
Khi xy dng trong thc t s c nhiu nguyn nhn tc ng khc m ta khng th
lng trc c. Nhng cng ty trng hp m ta s linh ng sp xp sao cho ph
hp vi qu trnh sy.
H thng ny c nhc im l ch p dng tt cho iu kin min Nam Vit Nam
do iu kin kh hu, nu em p dng cho cc vng c kh hu qu khc bit s khng
th s dng c.
58
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Phan Vn Thm, S tay thit k Thit b Ha cht & Ch bin thc phm a dng,
B GD&T-Vin o to m rng.
[2] Nguyn Vn La,Qu trnh & Thit b CNHH&TP-tp 7-K thut sy vt liu,
NXB i hc Quc gia TP. HCM.
[3] Trn Vn Ph,Tnh ton v thit k h thng sy, NXB Gio Dc
[4] V Vn Bang-V B Minh, Qu trnh v thit b CNHH&TP- Tp 3-Truyn khi,
NXB i hc Quc gia TP. HCM.
[5] Nguyn Th Phng-L Song Giang, C lu cht, HQG TPHCM
[6] Hong Kim, Phm Vn Bin, Cy sn, NXB Nng Nghip, 1985.
[7] Hong Th Ngc Chu, L Th Cc, Mai Vn L, L Ngc T, Bi c Hi, Ch
bin lng thc tp 2, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, 1985.
[8] Nguyn Xun Phng, Nguyn Vn Thoa, C s l thuyt v k thut sn xut thc
phm, NXB Gio Dc, 2005.
59

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n Hc Phn: K Thut Thc Phm

SVTH: Trnh Hong Mai Lnh Trn Quang Khi

n Hc Phn: K Thut Thc Phm

SVTH: Trnh Hong Mai Lnh Trn Quang Khi

n Hc Phn: K Thut Thc Phm

DANH SCH CC HNH

Hnh 2.1. Cy sn (Khoai m) ......................................................................................... 8

SVTH: Trnh Hong Mai Lnh Trn Quang Khi

n Hc Phn: K Thut Thc Phm

SVTH: Trnh Hong Mai Lnh Trn Quang Khi

n Hc Phn: K Thut Thc Phm

SVTH: Trnh Hong Mai Lnh Trn Quang Khi

n Hc Phn: K Thut Thc Phm

SVTH: Trnh Hong Mai Lnh Trn Quang Khi

n Hc Phn: K Thut Thc Phm

nh hng ca tc chuyn ng khng kh: Tc chuyn ng ca khng kh

SVTH: Trnh Hong Mai Lnh Trn Quang Khi

n Hc Phn: K Thut Thc Phm

CHN V THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH

Hnh 2.1. Cy sn (Khoai m)

SVTH: Trnh Hong Mai Lnh Trn Quang Khi

n Hc Phn: K Thut Thc Phm

Vng ng Nam B l a bn trng im sn xut sn hng ha vi u th vn c v

2.2. Phn loi, cu to, thnh phn ha hc ca c sn

Sn ngt: gm tt c cc loi sn c hm lng cyanhydric thp, loi sn ny c

Hin nay, loi sn m nng dn tnh Ty Ninh ang trng ch yu l loi sn ng v

SVTH: Trnh Hong Mai Lnh Trn Quang Khi

n Hc Phn: K Thut Thc Phm

Chiu di t 0,1 0,5m.

Hnh 2.2: Cu to mt ct ngang ca c sn

Trong dch bo c tanin, sc t, c t, cc enzyme.

V c c cha t 5% 8% hm lng tinh bt khi ch bin.

Gm cc t bo nh m: v t bo l cellulose, pentozan; bn trong l ht tinh bt,

Phn b hm lng tinh bt trong tht c gim dn t phn tht c st v n li.

SVTH: Trnh Hong Mai Lnh Trn Quang Khi

n Hc Phn: K Thut Thc Phm

Ngoi cc lp t bo nh m cn c cc t bo thnh cng khng cha tinh bt

2.2.3.1. Cht dinh dng c trong c

GVHD: Ths. Nguyn Hu Quyn

SVTH: Trnh Hong Mai Lnh Trn Quang Khi

n Hc Phn: K Thut Thc Phm

Hm lng tinh bt trong c khoai m ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh: iu kin kh

Tinh bt khoai m khng c mi nn rt thun tin khi s dng chng cng vi cc

Tinh bt khoai m trong nc sau khi c gia nhit s to thnh sn phm c

T l amylopectin : amylose trong tinh bt khoai m cao (80:20) nn gel tinh bt c

Hnh 2.3: Ht tinh bt khoai m qua knh hin vi in t qut

SVTH: Trnh Hong Mai Lnh Trn Quang Khi

n Hc Phn: K Thut Thc Phm

Trong qu trnh ch bin cc ng ny s ha tan trong nc v theo nc dch

Trong c sn, hm lng acid amine khng c cn i: tha arginine nhng li

Bng 2.3: Thnh phn mt s acid amine c trong c sn ([7])

Hm lng (mg/100g protid)

C sn c cha nhiu Vitamin C v Canxi.

Ngoi ra trong c sn cn c Vitamin B v nhiu loi khong khc.

2.2.3.2. Cc hp cht khc

SVTH: Trnh Hong Mai Lnh Trn Quang Khi

n Hc Phn: K Thut Thc Phm

Trong c khoai m, HCN tn ti di dng cyanogenic glucoside gm 2 loi linamarin

Linamarin c cng thc phn t C10H17O6N v cng thc cu to l:

c t ny c pht hin ln u bi Peckolt v c gi l manihotoxin.

Lotaustralin c cng thc phn t l C11H119O6N v cng thc cu to l:

SVTH: Trnh Hong Mai Lnh Trn Quang Khi

n Hc Phn: K Thut Thc Phm

Do cc glucoside ny tp trung nhiu v c do khi ch bin nn tch dch bo