thực hành đánh giá cảm quan

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THNH PH H CH MINH
VIN CNG NGH SINH HC V THC PHM
BI BO CO
THC HNH NH GI CHT LNG CM QUAN

THC PHM
GVHD : Nguyn Th Phng Tho

SVTH
: DHTP6B
1. Trng Hoi Phong
10059631
2. Trn Th Ngc Oanh
10285241
3. L Th Thu Phng
10285031
4. Phm Ngc Phng
10053921
5. on V Uyn Phng
10055181
6.
i Th Th nh Phng 10060231
7. Nguyn Xun Thng
10052911
Tp.H Ch Minh, Ngy 05 thng 05 nm 2014
LI M U
Ngy nay, sn xut 1 sn phm mi hay mun thay i bt c mt thnh phn no ca
sn phm m a ra ngoi th trng u cn phi c tin hnh cm quan nh gi
nhng yu t nh hng cng nh cm ngh ca ngi tiu dng nn mn hc nh gi cm
quan c vai tr ngy cng quan trng. Bit c tm quan trng ca mn hc ny, Vin cng
ngh sinh hc & thc phm trng i hc cng nghip TP. H Ch Minh a ra v dy mn
ny cho chng em. Hc i i vi hnh nn mn thc hnh nh gi cm quan thc phm c
b sung chng em ng dng ln cc trng hp, vn thc t. V bi bo co ny l kt qu
ca qu trnh hc tp c t mn hc ny
hon thnh bi bo co ny, nhm chng em chn thnh cm n trng i hc cng
nghip TP H Ch Minh v Vin cng ngh sinh hc & thc phm to mi trng v c s
vt cht chng em hc tp tt nht. Cm n c Nguyn Th Phng Tho hng dn tn
tnh cho chng em trong sut qu trnh hc tp. Vi kin thc cn hn hp, khng trnh khi
nhng sai st, rt mong s thng cm ca c.
Tp.H Ch Minh, ngy 05 thng 05 nm 2014
Nhm thc hin
C LC
TOPIC 1 .......................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Mc ch tin hnh.................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 La chn php th. ................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Cch tin hnh th nghim. ....................................................................................................... 1
1.3.1 Gii thiu mu. ...................................................................................................................... 1
1.3.2 Nguyn tc thc hin. ............................................................................................................ 1
1.3.3 La chn ngi th. ............................................................................................................... 1
1.3.4 Chun b mu, dng c. ......................................................................................................... 1
1.3.4.1 Chun b mu. ..................................................................................................................... 1
1.3.4.2 Trt t mu, m ha mu. ................................................................................................... 2
1.3.4.3 Chun b dng c. ............................................................................................................... 3
1.3.5 Cch tin hnh........................................................................................................................ 3
1.4 Phn cng nhim v. ................................................................................................................. 3
1.5 Phiu cm quan. ........................................................................................................................ 3
1.6 Kt qu. ..................................................................................................................................... 4
TOPIC 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Mc ch tin hnh.................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 La chn php th. ................................................................................................................... 6
2.3 Cch tin hnh th nghim. ....................................................................................................... 6
2.3.1 Gii thiu mu. ...................................................................................................................... 6
2.3.2 Nguyn tc thc hin. ............................................................................................................ 6
2.3.3 La chn ngi th. ............................................................................................................... 6
2.3.4 Chun b mu, dng c. ......................................................................................................... 6
2.3.4.1 Chun b mu. ..................................................................................................................... 6
2.3.4.2 Trt t mu, m ha mu. ................................................................................................... 7
2.3.4.3 Chun b dng c. ............................................................................................................... 8
2.3.5 Cch tin hnh........................................................................................................................ 8
2.4 Phn cng nhim v. ................................................................................................................. 8
2.5 Phiu cm quan. ........................................................................................................................ 9
2.6 Kt qu. ..................................................................................................................................... 9

TOPIC 3 ........................................................................................................................................ 10
3.1 Mc ch tin hnh.................................................................................................................. 10
3.2 La chn php th. ................................................................................................................. 10
3.3 Cch tin hnh th nghim. ..................................................................................................... 10
3.3.1 Gii thiu mu. .................................................................................................................... 10
3.3.2 Nguyn tc thc hin ........................................................................................................... 10
3.3.3 La chn ngi th. ............................................................................................................. 10
3.3.4 Chun b mu, dng c. ....................................................................................................... 10
3.3.4.1 Chun b mu. ................................................................................................................... 10
3.3.4.2 Trt t mu, m ha mu .................................................................................................. 11
3.3.4.3 Chun b dng c. ............................................................................................................. 12
3.3.5 Cch tin hnh...................................................................................................................... 12
3.4 Phn cng cng vic ............................................................................................................... 12
3.5 Phiu cm quan ....................................................................................................................... 12
3.6 Kt qu. ................................................................................................................................... 13
Topic 4 .......................................................................................................................................... 15
4.1 Mc ch tin hnh.................................................................................................................. 15
4.2 Cch tin hnh th nghim. ..................................................................................................... 15
4.2.1 Gii thiu mu. .................................................................................................................... 15
4.2.2 Nguyn tc thc hin. .......................................................................................................... 15
4.2.3 Chun b mu v dng c..................................................................................................... 15
4.2.3.1 Chun b mu v mc ch s dng mu. ......................................................................... 15
4.2.3.2 Trt t mu, m ha mu. ................................................................................................. 16
4.2.3.3 Chun b dng c. ............................................................................................................. 17
4.2.4 Cch tin hnh...................................................................................................................... 17
4.3 Phn cng nhim v. ............................................................................................................... 17
4.4 Phiu cm quan. ...................................................................................................................... 18
4.5 Kt qu. ................................................................................................................................... 21
Topic 5 .......................................................................................................................................... 24
5.1 Mc ch tin hnh................................................................................................................. 24
5.2 Cch tin hnh......................................................................................................................... 24

5.2.1 Gii thiu mu: .................................................................................................................... 24
5.2.2 Nguyn tc thc hin. .......................................................................................................... 24
5.2.3 La chn ngi th. ............................................................................................................. 24
5.2.4 Chun b mu v dng c..................................................................................................... 24
5.2.4.1 Chun b mu. ................................................................................................................... 24
5.2.4.2 Trt t mu, m ha mu: ................................................................................................. 25
5.2.4.3 Chun b dng c. ............................................................................................................. 26
5.2.5 Cch tin hnh...................................................................................................................... 26
5.2.3 Phn cng nhim v. ............................................................................................................ 27
5.3 Phiu nh gi cm quan. ....................................................................................................... 27
5.4 Kt qu. ................................................................................................................................... 30
TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................................................ 36
PH LC...................................................................................................................................... 37
Thc hnh nh gi cm quan thc phm GVHD: Nguyn Th Phng Tho

TOPIC 1
Mt cng ty sa mun a ra th trng mt sn phm mi v h mun bit sn phm
ca h c khc vi sn phm cng loi ang tiu th rng ri trn th trng ca mt
cng ty khc hay khng. Ban gim c yu cu nhm nh gi cm quan tin hnh mt
php th tr li cu hi trn?
NH NH GI CM QUAN PHN TCH V TIN HNH THC HIN
1.1 Mc ch tin hnh.
So snh s ging hay khc nhau gia sn phm sa mi so vi sn phm cng loi
ang tiu th rng ri trn th trng.
1.2 La chn php th.
Trong topic ny, chng ta xc nh s ging hay khc ca sn phm mi so vi sn
phm chun - sn phm sa cng loi v cc ch tiu cm quan => c th la chn 2 php
th: A not A v 2 3 => nhm tin hnh la chn php th A not A.
1.3 Cch tin hnh th nghim.
1.3.1 Gii thiu mu.
Mu A: sa ti Vinamilk.
Mu B (not A): sa ti C gi H Lan.
1.3.2 Nguyn tc thc hin.
Ngi th s th mu th nht mu chun v ghi nh, sau mu ny s c
ly i. Tip theo, ngi th s nhn v nh gi mu th 2 mu th v a ra nhn xt
mu th ny c ging vi mu chun hay khng.
1.3.3 La chn ngi th.
S ngi th: 12 ngi.
S ln th: 2 ln/ngi => 24 ln th.
Ngi th c la chn l cc sinh vin trong vin Cng ngh sinh hc v thc
phm. Ngi th c hun luyn hiu cng vic c m t trong phiu cm quan
qua vic tip xc vi cc mu chun v mu th trc khi bt u php th.
1.3.4 Chun b mu, dng c.
1.3.4.1 Chun b mu.
STT Tn mu
1
2
Vinamilk
C gi H Lan
Tng s Th tch
mu
mu
24
25ml/ngi
12
25ml/ngi
Tng
tch
600ml
300ml
th
Mu phi c chun b y v s lng, cht lng nh nhau.

M ha mu 1 cch chnh xc, trnh trng lp.
1
m bo s ln xut hin ca t hp mu l nh nhau.

Mu cha trong cc ly nha. Mu c th tch v mu sc nh nhau. Mi ly cha
25ml mu th.
Mu c bo qun trong t lnh trc khi tin hnh php th. Sau khi em ra
khi t lnh v nn tin hnh th ngay trong vng 30 pht.
1.3.4.2 Trt t mu, m ha mu.
C 2 t hp mu: AA, AB.
M ha mu: cc mu s c m ha ngu nhin thnh 3 ch s bng lnh
=RANDBETWEEN(100,999) trong excel.
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Trt t mu
AA
AB
AB
AA
AB
AA
AB
AA
AA
AA
AB
AA
AB
AB
AB
AA
AB
AA
AB
AA
AB
AA
AA
AB
M ha mu
253
851
342
540
745
613
128
862
353
553
975
529
308
525
871
645
692
942
631
272
920
335
343
608
1.3.4.3 Chun b dng c.

STT
1
2
3
Tn dng c
Bt ch
Ly nha
Phiu cm quan
S lng
12 cy
48 ly
24 phiu
1.3.5 Cch tin hnh.

- Chun b y dng c, mu, t phiu cm quan trn bn th.
- Mi ngi th vo phng.
- Ngi hng dn s hng dn ngi th cch thc tin hnh cm quan
- Phc v mu.
- Ngi th tin hnh th.
- Sau tin hnh thu mu v phiu tr li (cn kim tra k phiu tr li trc khi
thu )
- Dn dp sch s khu vc th mu.
1.4 Phn cng nhim v.
Cng vic
Tn
Nhm trng quan st, theo di, kim tra Trng Hoi Phong.
v chu trch nhim v th nghim.
Tm ngi th, lp danh sch
Trng Hoi Phong.
Trn Th Ngc Oanh.
Chun b mu
on V Uyn Phng.
L Th Thu Phng.
Nguyn Xun Thng.
Chun b phiu cm quan, pht v thu Mai Th Thanh Phng.
phiu, gim st thc hin.
Phm Ngc Phng
Ghi nhn, x l s liu, kt qu
C nhm
1.5 Phiu cm quan.
PHIU NH GI CM QUAN
Tn ngi th:
Ngy th:..
Trc khi th ngh thanh v bng nc lc. Ngi th s c th mu th nht
v ghi nh. Sau ngi th s c th mu th hai v a ra nhn xt xem mu c
ging vi mu chun hay khng. Tr li bng cch nh du x vo trng.
Lu : Bn c th nm mu nhiu ln.
Ging
Khc
Mu:
1.6 Kt qu.
Kt qu tr li ca nhm ngi th c trnh by trong bng di y:
Ngi th la chn l
Mu gii thiu
Tng
A
Not A
8
4
12
A
3
9
12
Not A
11
13
24
Tng
Quan st bng thng k cu tr li ca ngi th c th nhn thy rng s ln mu
A c chn l mu A nhiu hn s ln mu A c chn l not A. Tuy nhin, c th
kt lun rng mu A khc vi mu not A mt cch chnh xc ta s dng chun 2 tnh
ton:
Dng phng php Khi bnh phng x l s liu theo cng thc:
=
Trong :
O :tn s quan st
T :tn s l thuyt
T=
Sau tra bng c
Trong :
)(
tra phc lc 3, trang 121, sch k thut phn tch cm quan thc phm- H
Duyn T.
: mc ngha ( chn 5%)
f: bc t do ( f= sn phm 1= 2-1=1)
Kt lun nu
>
2 sn phm c s khc nhau, ngc li
<
2
sn phm khng c s khc nhau.
Thu c bng cc gi tr l thuyt T:
Ngi th la chn l
A
Not A
5.5
6.5
5.5
6.5
11
13
Mu gii thiu
A
Not A
Tng
=
2
)
)
(
)
)
(
(
)
Tng
12
12
24
)
= 4.19
2 = 4.19 > 2tc = 2.71 ( = 5%).

iu ny c th kt lun c rng ngi th phn bit c 2 mu A v not A,
c ngha l sn phm sa mi ca cng ty c s khc bit vi sn phm sa cng loi
ang c tiu th rng ri trn th trng.
TOPIC 2
Mt cng ty sn xut c ph nhn c 1 li than phin v v ng ca sn phm h mi
tung ra th trng. Cng ty khng mun thay i lng c ph trong mt gi m ch
mun thay i lng nc pha c ph. Cng ty mun bit rng liu b sung mt lng
nh nc pha c lm gim v ng ca c ph hay khng. Nhm nh gi phi tin hnh
mt php th nh gi cu hi trn ?
2.1 Mc ch tin hnh.
Tin hnh mt php th xc nh xem liu b sung thm lng nc pha c ph
c lm gim v ng ca sn phm hay khng.
2.2 La chn php th.
topic ny yu cu nh gi s khc nhau ca hai sn phm v mt tnh cht cm
quan xc nh, c th l v ng ca c ph khi khng thm v c thm mt lng nc
nh pha => php th 2 AFC c la chn.
2.3.1 Gii thiu mu.
Mu s dng: c ph sa Birdy (170ml/lon).
Mu A: khng pha thm nc.
Mu B: pha thm 10% ml nc /lon.
Ngi th nhn c ng thi hai mu th c m ha v sp xp theo trt
t ngu nhin. Ngi th nhn, nm mu v ch ra mu no ng hn.
S ngi th: 10 ngi.
Ngi th phi c hun luyn hiu r cng vic m t trong phiu nh gi
cm quan. L nhng ngi ung c c ph v phn bit c mi v c ph. Nn chn
ngi s dng c ph hng ngy.
2.3.4.1 Chun b mu.
20
Th tch
(ml/ngi)
15
Tng th tch
(ml)
300
20
15
300
Stt
Tn mu
Tnh cht mu
S mu
Khng b sung nc
B sung thm 10ml%
nc/lon

M ha mu 1 cch chnh xc, trnh trng lp.
m bo s ln xut hin ca t hp mu l nh nhau.
Mu cha trong cc ly nha. Mu c th tch v mu sc nh nhau. Mi ly cha
15ml mu th.
Nhit mu khi th: nhit thng.
Trt t trnh by mu: AB/BA.
=RANDBETWEEN(100,999) trong excel.
Ngi th
Trt t mu
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
AB
BA
AB
BA
AB
BA
AB
BA
AB
BA
AB
BA
AB
BA
AB
BA
AB
BA
AB
BA
M ha
mu
883 - 675
645 - 610
561 273
613 535
153 979
371 427
326 188
626 696
988 573
373 922
522 342
370 954
702 122
543 168
935 500
249 609
729 940
865 616
809 747
264 939

Stt
1
2
3
4
Tn dng c
Bt ch
Ly nha
Phiu cm quan
Khn giy
S lng
10 cy
70 ly
30 phiu
30 t
2.3.5 Cch tin hnh.

Chun b y dng c, mu, t phiu cm quan trn bn th.
Mi ngi th vo phng.
Ngi hng dn s hng dn ngi th cch thc tin hnh cm quan
Phc v mu.
Ngi th tin hnh th.
Sau tin hnh thu mu v phiu tr li (cn kim tra k phiu tr li trc khi
thu )
Dn dp sch s khu vc th mu.
2.4 Phn cng nhim v.
Cng vic
Tn
Trng Hoi Phong.
Trn Th Ngc Oanh.
Chun b mu
on V Uyn Phng.
L Th Thu Phng.
Nguyn Xun Thng.
Phm Ngc Phng
C nhm
2.5 Phiu cm quan.
PHIU HNG DN
Anh/ch s nhn c mt b mu gm hai mu. Hy nm th tng mu c
m ha theo th t cho sn, t tri qua phi v cho bit trong hai mu th mu no ng
hn. Anh/ch tr li bng cch khoanh trn vo s m ha tng ng ca mu . Ngay
c khi khng chc chn, anh/ch cng a ra s la chn ca mnh.
Ch : Thanh v bng nc lc trc khi th mu.
Khng c nm li mu.
Cm n s tham gia ca anh/ch!
PHIU TR LI
Tn ngi th:....Ngy th:..
Mu:
..............
2.6 Kt qu.
Kt qu ca nhm ngi th c trnh by trong bng sau:
S ln mu c nh gi l
Mu
ng hn
t ng hn
A
15
5
B
5
15
Quan st bng thng k cu tr li ca ngi th c th nhn thy rng s ln mu
A c chn l ng hn nhiu hn s ln mu A c chn l t ng hn. Tuy nhin,
c th kt lun rng mu A c v ng hn mu B khi b sung mt lng nh nc
vo mu B mt cch chnh xc ta da vo bng ph lc 2 cc gi tr ti hn ca php
th so snh cp tnh ton.
Tra dng 20 cu tr li ta thy cn t nht 15 cu tr li A ng hn B (ct so snh
1 pha) c th kt lun rng mu A ng hn B mc ngha = 5%. Thc t s cu
tr li nhn c l 15 cu nn c th kt lun rng mu A thc s ng hn B v s
khc nhau ny c ngha, ngha l khi b sung thm mt lng nh nc pha c ph c
th lm gim v ng ca c ph.
TOPIC 3
Mt cng ty sn xut bnh quy mun nghin cu 2 loi ph gia to cu trc (X v Y)
nhm gim gi thnh ca sn phm. Cng ty ang phn vn v vic la chn t l. Ban
gim c yu cu nhm nh gi cm quan tr li cu hi: Liu c s khc nhau v tnh
cht cm quan ca 2 loi bnh c lm t 2 loi ph gia X v Y hay khng ?
3.1 Mc ch tin hnh.
So snh s khc nhau v tnh cht cm quan ca 2 loi bnh go c lm t 2 loi ph
gia khc nhau. Xc nh liu 2 sn phm trn c khc nhau v mt cm quan hay khng ?
3.2 La chn php th.
Trong trng hp ny, ta ch kho st xem liu tnh cht cm quan ca 2 loi bnh
go lm t 2 loi ph gia X v Y c khc nhau hay khng m khng cn bit chng khc
nhau v tnh cht cm quan c th no.
== >La chn php th ging khc.
3.3.1 Gii thiu mu.
A: Bnh go one one
B: Bnh go cuc cu
3.3.2 Nguyn tc thc hin
Ngi th nhn c ng thi 2 mu th c m ha v sp xp theo trt t
ngu nhin. Ngi th ch cn so snh 2 mu v quyt nh xem chng ging hay khc
nhau.
Ngi th phi c hun luyn hiu r cng vic c m t trong phiu nh
gi cm quan, nhng h khng cn phi c hun luyn nh gi cc c tnh cm
quan c th.
S ngi th: 12 ngi.
Ngi th phi c hun luyn hiu r cng vic m t trong phiu nh gi
cm quan.
3.3.4.1 Chun b mu.
STT
1
2
Tn mu bnh
One one
Cuc cu
S lng
24
24
Mc ch
Mu A
Mu B
Tng
24 ming
24 ming

M ha mu 1 cch chnh xc, trnh trng lp
m bo s ln xut hin ca t hp mu l nh nhau
Mu cha trong cc a nha
S dng nhit thng
Mu c lng, mu sc nh nhau.
3.3.4.2 Trt t mu, m ha mu
Trt t trnh by mu: AA/BB/AB/BA
=RANDBETWEEN(100,999) trong excel
Ngi th
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Trt t mu
AA
AB
BA
BB
AA
AB
BA
BB
AA
AB
BA
BB
AA
AB
BA
BB
AA
AB
BA
BB
AA
AB
BA
BB
M ha mu
849-380
963-514
133-155
534-625
210-855
483-957
247-776
834-580
482-960
533-507
900-480
581-663
981-689
404-116
355-808
437-860
291-652
655-138
949-453
376-706
298-289
639-952
435-433
318-125

STT
1
2
3
4
Tn dng c
Bt ch
Ly nha
i nha
Phiu cm quan
S lng
12 cy
24ly
48 ci
24 phiu
3.3.5 Cch tin hnh.

Chun b y dng c, mu, t phiu nh gi cm quan trn bn th
Mi ngi th vo phng
Ngi hng dn s hng dn ngi th cch thc tin hnh cm quan
Phc v mu
Ngi th th mu sau tin hnh th mu
Sau tin hnh thu mu v phiu nh gi cm quan ( cn kim tra k phiu
nh gi cm quan trc khi thu )
3.4 Phn cng cng vic
Cng vic
Tn
Trng Hoi Phong.
Trn Th Ngc Oanh.
Chun b mu
on V Uyn Phng.
L Th Thu Phng.
Nguyn Xun Thng.
Phm Ngc Phng
C nhm
3.5 Phiu cm quan
PHIU NH GI CM QUAN
Ngi th:
Ngy th:..
Cc bn s nhn c 2 mu. Hy nm tng mu c m ha theo th t cho
sn, t tri qua phi. a ton b mu vo ming. Cc mu ging hay khc nhau? Hy
khoanh trn vi t tng ng.
Hy thanh v bng nc trc khi th mu.
Mu th
GING
KHC
3.6 Kt qu.
Kt qu tr li ca nhm ngi th c trnh by trong bng di y:
Sn phm
Tr li
Tng
Ging
Khc
Ging
12
Khc
10
12
Tng
18
24
Dng phng php Khi bnh phng x l s liu theo cng thc:
=
Trong :
O :tn s quan st
T :tn s l thuyt
T=
Sau tra bng c
Trong :
)(
tra phc lc 3, trang 121, sch k thut phn tch cm quan thc phm- H
Duyn T.
: mc ngha ( chn 5%)
f: bc t do ( f= sn phm 1= 2-1=1)
Kt lun nu
>
2 sn phm c s khc nhau, ngc li
<
2
sn phm khng c s khc nhau.
T1 =
T2 =
T4 =
T3 =
Thu c bng cc gi tr l thuyt T:

Tr li
Sn phm
Tng
Ging
Khc
Ging
12
Khc
12
Tng
18
24
=
=
Kt lun :
== >Hai sn phm khng c s khc nhau ( vi mc ngha5%)
iu ny c th kt lun c rng ngi th khng phn bit c 2 mu bnh
A v B, c ngha l sn phm s dng ph gia mi ca cng ty khng c s khc bit v
tnh cht cm quan i vi sn phm bnh hin ti ca cng ty.
TOPIC 4
S dng phng php flash profil tin hnh m t nhanh cc tnh cht cu sn phm
thc phm nhm t ngh loi sn phm vi s lng t nht l 7 sn phm cng loi.
4.1 Mc ch tin hnh.
M t nhanh cc tnh cht ca 7 loi sa chua:
4.2.1 Gii thiu mu.
- Sa chua Vinamilk
- Sa chua TH true milk
- Sa chua Love in farm
- Sa chua Ba v
- Sa chua WOW
- Sa chua Wel Yo
- Sa chua Bong milk
u tin ngi th s nhn c 4 mu th c m ha v xp theo trt t ngu
nhin, ngi th tin hnh th ln lt cc mu t tri sang phi v a ra cc thut ng
v tnh cht ca cc mu th trong 3 giai on trc khi th, trong khi th v sau khi th.
Sau cc ngi th s thng nht thut ng vi nhau.
Ln th tip theo ngi th s nhn c 7 mu th tng t cng c m ha v
xp theo trt t ngu nhin, ngi th s dng cc thut ng v cc thuc tnh thng
nht ln th u tin hoc c th b sung thm thut ng nu bn pht hin ra nhng
khng c ln th trc nh gi cng ca cc mu th theo th t tng dn ca
thuc tnh
4.2.3 Chun b mu v dng c.
4.2.3.1 Chun b mu v mc ch s dng mu.
STT Tn mu sa chua
S lng
Mc ch
Tng
1
Sa chua Vinamilk
14
Mu 1
14 mu
2
Sa chua TH True milk 14
Mu 2
14 mu
3
Sa chua Love in farm
14
Mu 3
14 mu
4
Sa chua Ba v
14
Mu 4
14 mu
5
Sa chua WOW
14
Mu 5
14 mu
6
Sa chua Wel Yo
14
Mu 6
14 mu
7
Sa chua Bong milk
14
Mu 7
14 mu

Th t sp xp mu:
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Th t sp xp mu
1 2 7 3 6 4 5
2 3 1 4 7 5 6
3 4 2 5 1 6 7
4 5 3 6 2 7 1
5 6 4 7 3 1 2
6 7 5 1 4 2 3
7 1 6 2 5 3 4
5 4 6 3 7 2 1
6 5 7 4 1 3 2
7 6 1 5 2 4 3
1 7 2 6 3 5 4
2 1 3 7 4 6 5
3 2 4 1 5 7 6
4 3 5 2 6 1 7
Th t m ha mu:
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
237
718
784
452
843
996
621
925
861
442
669
709
979
157
491
528
676
776
752
231
406
929
735
673
641
180
127
902
Th t m h mu
895
119
264
615
430
890
334
586
738
578
207
123
667
339
324
325
465
907
559
914
979
936
436
148
166
499
962
772
838
425
929
414
858
533
213
453
371
120
359
228
515
435
103
267
473
106
748
982
843
306
605
572
290
128
146
915
753
296
981
102
561
787
696
638
530
173
969
988
254
479

STT
1
2
3
Tn dng c
Bt ch
Ly nha
Phiu cm quan
S lng
12 cy
112 ly
14 phiu

Mu cha trong cc ly nha (ly chun) (15ml)
S dng nhit thng
Mu c th tch nh nhau
4.2.4 Cch tin hnh.
Chun b y dng c, mu, phiu nh gi cm quan
Mi ngi th vo phng th.
Ngi hng dn s hng dn ngi th cch thc tin hnh cm quan.
Phc v mu v pht phiu tr li.
Ngi th th mu, khi th xong bm n bo hiu
Sau tin hnh thu mu v phiu cm quan (cn kim tra phiu cm quan k
trc khi thu).
4.3 Phn cng nhim v.
Cng vic
Tn
Trng Hoi Phong.
Trn Th Ngc Oanh.
Chun b mu
on V Uyn Phng.
L Th Thu Phng.
Nguyn Xun Thng.
Phm Ngc Phng
C nhm
4.4 Phiu cm quan.

PHIU HNG DN NH GI CM QUAN
Bn s nhn c mt b mu gm 4 mu sa chua c m ha v 1 phiu
ghi kt qu nh gi cm quan. Bn tin hnh th ln lt tng mu t tri qua phi v
cm nhn cc tnh cht (mu, mi, v, cu trc,) c trong tng mu trong 3 giai
on:
- Trc khi th. (mu sc, mi, trng thi,)
- Trong khi th. (mi, v,)
- Sau khi th. (hu v)
Sau ghi kt qu bn cm nhn c vo phiu nh gi.
Lu : S dng nc thanh v trc khi th v gia cc ln th mu.
PHIU HNG DN NH GI CM QUAN

Bn s nhn c mt b mu gm 7 mu sa chua c m ha v 1 phiu ghi
kt qu nh gi cm quan. Bn vui lng th 7 mu cho v sp xp cc mu theo
cng tng dn t tri qua phi theo tng thuc tnh m bn a ra trong th
nghim trc v ghi vo phiu kt qu.
Lu : C th xp nhiu sn phm cng mt v tr. S dng nc thanh v trc khi
th v gia cc ln th
PHIU KT QU NH GI CM QUAN
H v tn ngi th:..
Ngy th:
Mu
Trc khi th
Trong khi th
Sau khi th
PHIU KT QU NH GI CM QUAN
H v tn ngi th:.. Ngy th:..
Thuc tnh:
-
Thuc tnh:
-
Thuc tnh:
-
Thuc tnh:
-
Thuc tnh:
-
Thuc tnh:
-
Thuc tnh:
-
Thuc tnh:
-
Thuc tnh:
-
Thuc tnh:
-
Thuc tnh:
-
Thuc tnh:
-
Thuc tnh:
-
4.5 Kt qu.
Dng phn mm R x l s liu
Kt qu x l s liu:
TOPIC 5
Tin hnh mt php th th hiu cho im vi nhm sn phm chn phn topic 4 .
5.1 Mc ch tin hnh.
nh gi mc yu thch i vi 7 sn phm sa chua.
5.2 Cch tin hnh.
5.2.1 Gii thiu mu:
Sa chua Vinamilk
Sa chua TH true milk
Sa chua Ba v
Sa chua WOW
Sa chua Wel Yo
Sa chua Bong milk
Ngi th tin hnh th ln lt tng mu c m ha, nh gi mc yu thch
theo thang im cho, cu tr li l c lp cho tng mu th.
S ngi th: 20 ngi.
S ln th: 1 ln/ngi/ 7 mu
5.2.4 Chun b mu v dng c.
5.2.4.1 Chun b mu.
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Tn mu sa chua
Sa chua Vinamilk
Sa chua TH True milk
Sa chua Ba v
Sa chua WOW
Sa chua Wel Yo
Sa chua Bong milk
S lng
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Mc ch
Mu 1
Mu 2
Mu 3
Mu 4
Mu 5
Mu 6
Mu 7
Tng
20 mu
20 mu
20 mu
20 mu
20 mu
20 mu
20 mu
5.2.4.2 Trt t mu, m ha mu:

Trt t mu:
Ngi th
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
1
3
6
5
4
2
5
3
6
7
4
3
2
1
5
6
3
7
4
5
3
2
2
1
7
6
1
7
5
4
6
1
3
5
2
1
7
6
3
1
4
5
5
7
1
3
6
4
2
1
3
7
5
2
1
3
4
5
6
2
Trt t mu
7
6
4
2
3
1
7
5
1
2
7
4
6
3
7
2
1
4
5
3
2
7
3
4
6
5
2
1
4
5
2
6
7
4
6
7
6
3
1
4
5
1
7
3
2
4
3
2
3
6
1
5
4
7
3
4
5
2
7
6
6
4
1
6
5
7
4
6
7
3
5
2
1
6
4
5
2
1
2
7
Th t m ha mu:
=RANDBETWEEN(100,999) trong excel
Ngi th
Th t m h mu
1
644
672
631
290
432
965
649
2
198
504
858
880
946
938
227
3
169
562
553
842
119
311
886
4
929
943
615
102
410
458
449
5
643
137
559
146
901
330
358
6
267
321
795
290
348
122
367
7
665
418
371
612
927
833
683
8
696
646
464
816
389
241
680
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
907
214
237
386
260
883
238
970
433
602
284
938
760
158
107
958
887
126
119
685
199
716
265
430
213
651
492
860
682
153
646
363
475
296
977
234
809
701
960
982
351
121
768
296
832
263
362
461
817
273
757
403
390
728
413
486
695
712
121
642
770
947
167
873
729
540
768
127
479
255
436
477
480
779
228
980
456
978
191
873
268
469
903
560

STT
1
2
3
Tn dng c
Bt ch
Ly nha
Phiu cm quan
S lng
12 cy
160 ly
20 phiu

Mu cha trong cc ly nha (ly chun)
S dng nhit thng
Mu c th tch nh nhau
5.2.5 Cch tin hnh
Chun b y dng c, mu, phiu nh gi cm quan
Mi ngi th vo phng th.
Ngi hng dn s hng dn ngi th cch thc tin hnh cm quan.
Phc v mu v pht phiu tr li.
Ngi th tin hnh th mu, khi th xong ngi th s bm n bo hiu.
Tin hnh thu mu v phiu cm quan (cn kim tra phiu cm quan k trc khi
thu).
5.2.3 Phn cng nhim v.

Cng vic
Tn
Trng Hoi Phong.
Trn Th Ngc Oanh.
Chun b mu
on V Uyn Phng.
L Th Thu Phng.
Nguyn Xun Thng.
Phm Ngc Phng
C nhm
5.3 Phiu nh gi cm quan.
PHIU HNG DN
Bn s nhn c ln lt 7 mu sa chua c m ha v mt phiu nh gi. Bn
tin hnh th tng mu v nh gi mc yu thch ca bn i vi tng mu trn
thang im th hiu di y. Ghi cu tr li ca bn vo phiu nh gi. Sau mi ln
nh gi mu s c ly i v bn s c nhn mu tip theo cho n ht.
Thang im nh gi mc yu thch i vi cc mu:
1. Cc k ght
6. Hi thch
2. Rt ght
7. Tng i thch
3. Tng i ght
8. Rt thch
4. Hi ght
9. Cc k thch
5. Khng thch cng khng ght

Lu : Thanh v bng nc lc trc khi th mu v gia cc mu th
Cu tr li ca bn l c lp gia cc mu th
PHIU NH GI
H tn ngi th:.
Ngy th:..
Mc a thch ca anh/ch i vi mu c m s .l:
1. Bn tng s dng sn phm sa chua bao gi cha?

a. C
b. Khng
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Nu cu tr li l C mi bn tip tc tr li cc cu hi tip theo. Nu cu tr

li l Khng bn dng tr li ti y v cm n bn n vi bui kho st
ca nhm.
Bn thng s dng sn phm sa chua bao lu mt ln?
a. 1 tun 1 ln
b. 1 ngy 1 ln
c. kin khc:
Bn thng s dng sn phm vo thi gian no trong ngy?
a. Sng
b. Tra
c. Chiu
d. Ti
Bn thch s dng sa chua theo cch no?
a. Bo qun sa chua trong ngn mt t lnh v s dng
b. Bo qun sa chua trong ngn t lnh v s dng
Bn thng s dng sn phm u?
a. nh
b. trng
c. ca hng
d. kin khc:..
Bn thng mua sn phm sa chua u? siu th
a. ca hng bch ha
b. ch
c. kin khc:..
Bn thng s dng loi sa chua no?
a. Sa chua truyn thng
b. Sa chua c b sung tri cy
c. Sa chua c b sung vi cht dinh dng
d. Sa chua c b sung li khun.
Bn thng mua sa chua c nhn hiu ca cng ty no?
a. Vinamilk
b. TH true milk
c. Ba V
d. kin khc:
9. Theo bn khi i mua sa chua, bn ch n yu t no nht?

a. Gi c
b. Cht lng
c. Bao b
d. Nh sn xut
10. Bn c kin ngh g vi nh sn xut v cc sn phm sa chua trn th trng
khng?
Kin ngh:..
PHIU KHO ST NGI TIU DNG
Cm n bn n vi bui kho st ca nhm, n vi kho st xin mi bn
hy in mt s thng tin c bn sau:
PHIU THNG TIN NGI TIU DNG

H V TN:.....
GII TNH:.
NM SINH:..
NGH NGHIP:...
A CH LIN H:.
EMAIL:
ST:
5.4 Kt qu.
Dng phng php phn tch phng sai ANOVA (Analysis of variance), phng
php tnh c chun F kim inh xem cc mu c khc nhau khng ? Nu c ta s
dng chun tstudent xc inh mu no khc mu no?. V mt cu hi na t ra l
cc thnh vin cho im c khc nhau khng? Nu c ai cho im cao hn ai?
Chun F l tng quan gia phng sai tnh ring cho tng yu t ( mu hay ngi
th) so vi phng sai sai s ca thc nghim. Nu gi tr F c tnh ln hn hoc
bng gi tr Ftc mt mc ngha no th s khc nhau v yu t c coi l c
ngha mc ngha
Bng kt qu:
Ngi th
Ngi 1
Ngi 2
Ngi 3
Ngi 4
Ngi 5
Ngi 6
Ngi 7
Ngi 8
Ngi 9
Ngi 10
Ngi 11
Ngi 12
Ngi 13
Ngi 14
Ngi 15
Ngi 16
Ngi 17
Ngi 18
Ngi 19
Ngi 20
Tng
Trung bnh
1
7
5
1
7
5
1
6
9
3
7
7
4
8
5
5
6
7
2
6
7
108
5.4
2
7
8
8
5
7
4
8
6
9
4
7
8
4
2
6
5
7
7
5
5
122
6.1
3
8
6
9
7
8
3
6
8
9
8
8
5
7
7
3
6
7
7
7
8
137
6.85
Mu
4
5
7
6
8
7
9
4
5
6
7
4
7
4
8
5
8
8
6
5
6
125
6.25
Tng
5
5
5
6
6
6
2
7
6
4
6
7
7
6
6
7
8
7
5
5
6
117
5.85
6
4
2
3
1
5
6
4
2
8
7
2
1
7
9
4
7
8
4
6
4
94
4.7
7
6
6
4
6
6
4
7
8
4
8
5
5
4
2
8
6
7
8
6
4
114
5.7
42
39
37
40
44
29
42
44
43
47
40
37
40
39
38
46
51
39
40
40
817
Cch 1:
Trc khi thc hin phn tch phng sai mt bng s liu, cn thc hin mt s tnh
ton trc xc nh h s hiu chnh (HC), tng cc bnh phng (TBP), s bc t
do (Btd), bnh phng trung bnh (BPTB) v tng quan phng sai (hay gi tr F)
- Tnh h s hiu chnh:
H s hiu chnh = (tng)2 / s cu tr li
HC = (817)2 / 140 = 4767.78
- Tnh tng bnh phng:
Tng bnh phng ca mu = (tng bnh phng tng im ca mi mu/tng s cu
tr li ca cho tng mu) - HC
TBPm= (1082 + 1222 + 1372 +1252 + 1172 + 942 + 1142 )/20 4767.78 = 55.37
Tng bnh phng ngi th = (tng bnh phng tng im cho bi mi ngi th/
s cu tr li ca tng ngi) HC
TBPtv = ([422 + 392 +372 + 402 + 442 + 292 + 422 + 442 +432 + 472 + 402 + 372 + 402
+392 + 382 +462 +512 +392 +402 +402]/7) 4767.78
= 33761/7 4767.78 = 55.22
Tng bnh phng ton phn = tng bnh phng tng im HC
TBPtp = (72 + 52 + 12+ 42) HC = 5277 4767.78 = 509.22
Tng bnh phng d = TBPtp TBPm - TBPtv
TBPss = 509.22 55.37 55.22 = 398.63
Tnh bc t do: bc t do ca i lng no bng tng i lng ca bc t do
tr i 1
Bc t do ca mu = s lng mu 1
Btdm = 7 - 1 = 6
Bc t do ngi th = s lng ngi th - 1
Btdtv = 20 1 = 19
Bc t do tng = tng s cu tr li 1
Btdt = 140 1 = 139
Bc t do ca sai s = bc t do tng ( bc t do ca ngi th + bc t do ca
mu)
Btdss = 139 (19+6) = 114
- Tnh bnh phng trung bnh:
Bnh phng trung bnh (BPTB) i vi mt bin no (mu hay ngi th) l
thng s ca tng bnh phng chia cho s bc t do tng ng:
BPTBm = 55.37/6 = 9.23
BPTBtv = 55.22/19 =2.91
BPTBss = 398.63/114=3.497
- Tnh tng quan phng sai:
Tng quan phng sai ca mu (Fm) l bnh phng trung bnh ca cc mu chia
cho trung bnh ca sai s:
Fm = 9.23/3.487=2.647
Tng quan phng sai ca ngi th (Ftv) l bnh phng trung bnh ca ngi th
chia cho bnh phng trung bnh ca sai s:
Ftv =2.91/3.497 = 0.832
Cc tnh ton trn c tp hp li trong bng phn tch phng sai:
BNG PHN TCH PHNG SAI:
Ngun
gc Btd
TBP
BPTB
F
-
phng sai
Mu
Ngi th
Sai s
Tng
6
19
114
139
55.37
55.22
398.63
509.22
9.23
2.91
3.497
2.65**
0.83*
So snh gia cc mu:

Gi tr F i vi cc mu l 2.65. Gi tr Ftc tra t ph lc 6 l 2.976 ng vi ct n1
=6 (s bc t do ca mu) v n2 = 114 (s bc t do ca sai s). Nhn thy F < Ftc nn c
th kt lun rng cc mu khng khc nhau. mc ngha 1%, biu th bng 2 du **
gi tr F
Nh vy khng c s khc bit gia cc mu v mc yu thch.
So snh gia nhng ngi th:
Gi tr F trong bng phn tch phng sai l 0.83 nh hn gi tr tra trong ph lc 6
l 1.67 tng ng vi ct n1=19 (s bc t do ca ngi th) v hng n2 = 114 (s bc t
do ca sai s) kt lun rng khng c s khc bit gia nhng ngi th v cch cho
im mc ngha 5%.
Cch 2: dng EXCEL phn tch anova
So snh gia cc mu:
Sau khi nhp s liu dng lnh Data Analysis mc ngha 1% ta c kt qu sau:
Anova: Single Factor
SUMMARY
Groups
mu 1
mu 2
mu 3
mu 4
mu 5
mu 6
mu 7
ANOVA
Source
Variation
Count
Sum
20 108
20 122
20 137
20 125
20 117
20
94
20 114
Average
5.4
6.1
6.85
6.25
5.85
4.7
5.7
Variance
4.989474
3.252632
2.765789
2.302632
1.713158
6.010526
2.852632
MS
of
SS
Df
P-value
F crit
Between
Groups
Within
Groups
Total
55.37143
453.85
509.2214
6 9.228571 2.704418 0.016465 2.940428

133 3.412406
139
Ta c F < F crit chng t rng cc mu khng c s khc bit mc ngha 1%.

So snh gia nhng ngi th: mc ngha 5%
SUMMARY
Groups
Count
Sum
Average
Variance
Ngi 1
42
Ngi 2
39 5.571429 3.619048
Ngi 3
37 5.285714 7.904762
Ngi 4
40 5.714286 5.238095
Ngi 5
44 6.285714 1.238095
Ngi 6
29 4.142857 7.142857
Ngi 7
42
Ngi 8
44 6.285714 5.571429
Ngi 9
43 6.142857
Ngi 10
47 6.714286 1.904762
Ngi 11
40 5.714286 4.571429
Ngi 12
37 5.285714 5.571429
6 2.333333
6.47619
Ngi 13
40 5.714286 2.904762
Ngi 14
Ngi 15
Ngi 16
Ngi 17
Ngi 18
Ngi 19
Ngi 20
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
39
38
46
51
39
40
40
ANOVA
Source of
Variation
Between
Groups
Within
Groups
Total
SS
55.22143
454
509.2214
df
5.571429
5.428571
6.571429
7.285714
5.571429
5.714286
5.714286
7.619048
2.952381
1.285714
0.238095
4.285714
0.571429
2.238095
MS
P-value
F crit
19 2.906391 0.768209 0.739763 1.673879

120 3.783333
139
F < F crit khng c s khc bit v cch cho im mc ngha 5%

Nhn xt:
Khi tin hnh kho st 20 ngi tiu dng th c 18 ngi (chim 90 %) thng
mua sa chua vinamilk nhng khi tin hnh nh gi mc yu thch th ch c 6 ngi
tng i thch, 1 ngi rt thch v 1 ngi cc k thch (8/20 ngi chim 40%) i vi
sn phm sa chua vinamilk. V trong 18 ngi ny th c 4 ngi khi mua sa chua
quan tm n nh sn xut v cn li 13 ngi quan tm n cht lng v mt ngi
quan tm n gi c iu ny chng t tm l khi dng mt sn phm th ngi tiu dng
thng quan tm n mt sn phm an ton, c thng hiu v quen thuc vi ngi tiu
dng lu nay.
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. K thut phn tch cm quan thc phm h t duyn - nh xut bn khoa hc v k
thut ha ni 2010
2. Phn tch phng sai ng thnh danh hnl (anova - analysis of variance )
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HOblE4FMud4
3. H Duyn T_K thut phn tch cm quan thc phm_NXB Khoa Hc v K Thut
H Ni 2010.
PH LC
1. Bng kt qu tr li ca php th A Not A.
Stt
Ngi th
Trt t M ha
A
mu
mu
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Ng Th T Ngc
Phan Th Kiu Linh
Nguyn Th Qunh
Trnh Th Hng Phng
Nguyn Hng Phng Tho
Nguyn Th Kim Quyn
ng Th Ngc Phng
L Hong Thin
Nguyn Quang Su
ng Phm Kim Phng
V Th Kiu Oanh
ng Th M Nhn
Phan Minh Tm
Nguyn Thanh Tm
V Th Minh Tho
L Th Tho
Nguyn Hng Phng Tho
Nguyn Th Kim Quyn
ng Th Ngc Phng
L Hong Thin
Nguyn Quang Su
ng Phm Kim Phng
V Th Kiu Oanh
ng Th M Nhn
AA
AB
AB
AA
AB
AA
AB
AA
AA
AA
AB
AA
AB
AB
AB
AA
AB
AA
AB
AA
AB
AA
AA
AB
253
851
342
540
745
613
128
862
353
553
975
529
308
525
871
645
692
942
631
272
920
335
343
608
Not A
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Cu
tr
li
ng
2. Ph lc bng kt qu cu tr li ca php th 2 AFC.

Ngi th
Trt t mu
M ha mu
Cu
tr
li Cu
tr
li
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
3.
nhn c
AB
883 - 675
675
BA
645 - 610
610
AB
561 273
561
BA
613 535
535
AB
153 979
153
BA
371 427
427
AB
326 188
188
BA
626 696
626
AB
988 573
988
BA
373 922
373
AB
522 342
522
BA
370 954
370
AB
702 122
702
BA
543 168
168
AB
935 500
935
BA
249 609
609
AB
729 940
729
BA
865 616
616
AB
809 747
809
BA
264 939
939
Bng kt qu tr li ca php th Ging - Khc.
Ngi th
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Trt t mu
AA
AB
BA
BB
AA
AB
BA
BB
AA
AB
BA
BB
AA
M ha mu
849-380
963-514
133-155
534-625
210-855
483-957
247-776
834-580
482-960
533-507
900-480
581-663
981-689
ng
S
S
S
Kt qu
S
S
S
S
S
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
AB
BA
BB
AA
AB
BA
BB
AA
AB
BA
BB
404-116
355-808
437-860
291-652
655-138
949-453
376-706
298-289
639-952
435-433
318-125
S
S

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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THNH PH H CH MINH

VIN CNG NGH SINH HC V THC PHM

THC HNH NH GI CHT LNG CM QUAN

GVHD : Nguyn Th Phng Tho

2.6 Kt qu. ..................................................................................................................................... 9

5.2 Cch tin hnh......................................................................................................................... 24

Thc hnh nh gi cm quan thc phm GVHD: Nguyn Th Phng Tho

Mu phi c chun b y v s lng, cht lng nh nhau.

m bo s ln xut hin ca t hp mu l nh nhau.

1.3.4.3 Chun b dng c.

1.3.5 Cch tin hnh.

2 = 4.19 > 2tc = 2.71 ( = 5%).

Mu phi c chun b y v s lng, cht lng nh nhau.

2.3.4.3 Chun b dng c.

2.3.5 Cch tin hnh.

2.5 Phiu cm quan.

Mu phi c chun b y v s lng, cht lng nh nhau.

3.3.4.3 Chun b dng c.

3.3.5 Cch tin hnh.

3.5 Phiu cm quan

Thu c bng cc gi tr l thuyt T:

4.2.3.2 Trt t mu, m ha mu.

4.2.3.3 Chun b dng c.

Mu phi c chun b y v s lng, cht lng nh nhau.

4.4 Phiu cm quan.

PHIU HNG DN NH GI CM QUAN

5.2.4.2 Trt t mu, m ha mu:

5.2.4.3 Chun b dng c.

Mu phi c chun b y v s lng, cht lng nh nhau.

5.2.3 Phn cng nhim v.

5. Khng thch cng khng ght

Mc a thch ca anh/ch i vi mu c m s .l:

Mc a thch ca anh/ch i vi mu c m s .l:

Mc a thch ca anh/ch i vi mu c m s .l:

Mc a thch ca anh/ch i vi mu c m s .l:

Mc a thch ca anh/ch i vi mu c m s .l:

Mc a thch ca anh/ch i vi mu c m s .l:

Mc a thch ca anh/ch i vi mu c m s .l:

1. Bn tng s dng sn phm sa chua bao gi cha?

Nu cu tr li l C mi bn tip tc tr li cc cu hi tip theo. Nu cu tr

9. Theo bn khi i mua sa chua, bn ch n yu t no nht?

PHIU THNG TIN NGI TIU DNG

So snh gia cc mu:

6 9.228571 2.704418 0.016465 2.940428

Ta c F < F crit chng t rng cc mu khng c s khc bit mc ngha 1%.

19 2.906391 0.768209 0.739763 1.673879

F < F crit khng c s khc bit v cch cho im mc ngha 5%

TI LIU THAM KHO

2. Ph lc bng kt qu cu tr li ca php th 2 AFC.

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