C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1

SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG

MSSV: 90102976

1
CHNG I

GII THIEU TONG QUAN
VA CAC PHNG PHAP X LY


I.1 TONG QUAN VE KH CACBON MONOXIT:
I.1.1 ac iem ly hoa cua kh Cacbon momoxit (CO):
- Cong th c phan t : CO
- Pha n t lng : 44
- Cong th c ca u ta o : C = O
- La cha t kh : kho ng ma u, kho ng mu i, khong v, nhe hn khong kh.
- Nhie t o so i : - 191,5
o
C
- Gi i ha n cha y trong khong kh : 12 75 % the tch
- De chay, cha y trong khong kh v i ngo n l a mau xanh sa ng
- Tro ng l ng rie ng:
1,25 g/l 0
o
C , 1 atm
1,145 g/l 25
o
C , 1 atm
- T trong so v i kho ng kh : 0,967
- Ho a tan trong n c :
0
o
C , 1 atm ......................3,54 ml/ 100 ml
25
o
C , 1 atm ......................2,14 ml/ 100 ml
37
o
C, 1 atm ......................1,83 ml/ 100 ml
- Ho a tan trong mo t so dung mo i hu c : ethyl acetate, methyl chloride, acetic
acid, ho a tan trong methanol va ethanol ga p 7 lan trong n c
- CO la mo t kh o c
I.1.2 Nguon goc cua kh cacbon oxit:
- Cacbon oxit sinh ra do qua trnh o t cha y kho ng hoan toan nguyen nhien lie u
(t c la qua trnh cha y thieu oxy)
o t chay hoan toan
Nguyen nhien lieu ---------------------------- > CO
2
+ hi n c +
ca c cha t kha c (bu i, NO
x
, .)



TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

2
o t chay kho ng hoa n toa n
Nguyen nhie n lieu ---------------------------------- > CO
2
+ hoi
n c + CO + Ca c cha t kha c
- Nguo n pha t tha i kh CO :
v Nguo n nha n ta o : chu ye u la do qua trnh o t khong hoan toa n : trong
ong c xe may, trong ca c qua trnh cong nghiep, ca c thie t b nhie t, ca c
lo o t ( o t ra c, lo thie u,...), ca c nha may luyen kim,...(hnh 2)
v Nguo n t nhie n : do chay rng, nu i l a, ca c phan ng ho a ho c am , do
ca c sinh va t, vi sinh va t( ca c ta o nau Fucus va Neocystis, s a Physalia
physalis)

Hnh 1: Qua trnh hnh thanh kh CO trong t nhie n
- L ng pha t tha i kh CO t ca c nguo n t nhie n va nhan ta o, lng kh CO tha i
ra do ong c tnh tren 1km oa n ng,lng CO pha t tha i tre n 1 ta n nhien
lie u, c cho ca c bang :ba ng 1, ba ng 2, va ba ng 3.

TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

3

Hnh 2: S tao tha nh kh CO do qua trnh o t khong hoa n toa n

Bang 1. Lng phat thai CO chu yeu t cac nguon thien nhien va nhan tao
Nguo n gay o nhiem
Ta i l ng cha t o
nhie m
( 10
6
ta n/nam )
Nguo n nha n ta o
chu ye u
Nguo n thie n nhie n
Nha n
ta o
Thien
nhie n
Cacbon
oxit
(CO)
. o t nhien lie u
. Kh tha i cu a o to
.Cha y rng
.Ca c phan ng ho a ho c
a m
300 > 3000
(Nguo n: Ta i lieu [1])

Bang 2: lng kh oc hai do o to thai ra tren 1km oan ng
Lng do c ha i, g/km ng i
Kh oc hai
o ng c xang o ng c Diezen
Kh CO
Hydrocacbon
Nit Oxit NO
x
Muo i kho i(bu i l l ng)
Sunfua ioxit SO
2
Ch
Xa ng-piren
60,00
5,90
2,20
0,22
0,17
0,49
14.10
-6

0,69 2,57
0,14 2,07
0,68 1,02
1,28
0,47
-
24.10
-6

(Nguon: Ta i lieu [1])

TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

4
Bang 3: lng phat thai kh oc hai CO do ot nhien lieu, nhien lieu
(kg/tan nhien lieu)
(Nguon: [1])

-No ng o nen cu a CO trong t nhie n : 0,01 0,23 mg/m
3
( 0,01 0,2 ppm).
No ng o CO trong ca c tha nh pho phu thuo c va o th i tie t va giao thong. Nong
o trung bnh o trong 8 gi 20 mg/m
3
( 17 ppm). Tuy nhie n, no ng o c c a i
trong 8 gi : tre n 60 mg/m
3
(53ppm)
( nguo n : [7])

I.1.3 Tac hai cua kh CO oi vi moi trng:
- Go p pha n ta ng l ng kh nha knh CO
2
: v :
CO + O
2
= CO
2

- CO la kh o c , anh h ng e n s c kho e sinh vat va con ng i.
I.1.4 Tac hai cua kh CO len sc khoe con ngi:
- CO la kh o c.
- No phan ng ( co a i l c) ra t ma nh v i hong ca u trong mau ta o ra Cacboxy
Hemoglobin (COHb) :
Hb + CO HbCO + O
2

- Ho n hp HbCO la m gia m lng oxy trong ma u, ngan can ma u hap thu va van
chuyen oxy nuo i c the .
- Ha m l ng COHb trong ma u c quan niem nh sau : tho ng th ng trong c
the con ng i co 5000 ml ma u va c 100 ml mau co ch a 20 ml oxy. Neu
kh Cacbon oxit thay the hoan toan cho oxy trong ma u ta go i o la trng
hp ma u b bao ho a- t c ham lng COHb ba ng 100 %.



Ca c nguo n o t
trong
Ca c nguo n o t ngoa i
Nhie n lie u
lo ng
Than a
Cha t o nhiem o ng
c
xa ng
o ng
c
Diezen
Nhie t
ien
Sinh
hoa t va
co ng
nghiep
Nhie t
ien
Sinh
hoa t va co ng
nghiep
Kh CO 395 9 0,005 0,025 0,25 25
% COHb = ( 3.317 x 10
-5
)
.
( ppm CO )
1.036 . ( RMV ) . ( t )

TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

5
Trong o :
RMV (respiratory minute volume) lu l ng kh ht th vao : Lt/phu t
Ppm CO : no ng o ppm cu a CO
t : th i gian tiep xu c ( phu t)
- Ha m lng COHb trong mau t 2 5 % ba t a u co da u hie u anh hng e n
he tha n kinh trung ng. Khi ha m l ng COHb trong ma u tang e n 10 20
% ca c ch c na ng hoa t o ng cu a ca c c quan kha c nhau trong c the b to n
thng. Ne u ha m l ng COHb ta ng e n ! 60%- tng ng v i nong o kh
CO trong khong kh = 1000 ppm th tnh mang b nguy hie m va da n e n t
vong.(xem bang 5)
- Tuy nhie n, kh CO khong e la i hau qua benh ly la u da i hoa c gay ra khuye t
ta t na ng ne o i v i c the . Ng i b nhiem CO khi r i kho i ni o nhie m,
nong o Cacboxy- hemoglobin trong mau gia m da n do Cacbon oxit c
tha i ra ngoa i qua ng ho ha p.
- Bnh thng nong o COHb trong ma u c gi m c 0,4 % do kh CO sa n
sinh be n trong c the kho ng phu thuo c va o nguon ben ngoa i.


Hnh 3: Tnh o c cu a kh CO

Hnh 4. Mo i quan he gi a no ng o kh CO va nong o COHb trong ma u


TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

6
I.1.5 Cac gii han nong o cua CO trong moi trng:
No ng o gi i han cho phep cu a CO:
Trong khu v c da n c mo t lan to i a : 3mg/m
3

Trung bnh nga y e m : 1 mg/m
3

Trong khu v c san xua t : 20 mg/ m
3

Tie u chuan cu a kh CO trong mo i trng xung quanh theo 5937 1995 :

trung bnh 1 gi : 40 mg/m

3

Trung bnh 8 gi : 10 mg/m
3

Trung bnh 24 gi : 5 mg/m
3

Tie u chuan o i v i kh tha i co ng nghiep : TCVN 5939- 1995
Gi i han A ( a p dung cho ca c c s ang hoa t ong): 1500 mg/m
3

Gi i han B (a p du ng cho ca c c s t ngay c quan qua n ly mo i tr ng
quy nh ) : 500 mg/m
3

Gi i han to i a cho phep i v i kh tha i lo o t cha t tha i ra n y te :
TCVN 6560- 1999 : CO : 100 mg/m
3

Gi i han to i a cho phep o i v i kh tha i ong c : TCVN 6438- 2001
Gi i han cu a CO trong kh tha i o ng c c cho bang 4

Bang 4. Gii han toi a cho phep cua CO trong kh thai ong c
o ng c xang o ng c Diezen
O to Mo to O to
M c 1 M c 2 M c 3 M c 4 M c 1 M c 2 M c 1 M c 2 M c 3
CO
(%
the
tch)
6,5 6,0 4,5 3,5 6,0 4,5 - - -

I.2 C S LY THUYET CUA CAC QUA TRNH X LY KH CACBON
OXIT:
e kh kh o c CO, co the du ng ca c phng phap sau ay:
I.2.1 Phng phap ot :
- Nguyen ta c : CO + O
2
------ > CO
2

- Pha n ng xa y ra nhie t o ga n 1000
o
C ---- > co the tan dung nhie t do phan
ng sinh ra.
- Pha n ng xa y ra khi co xu c ta c ch a Cu va ca c kim loa i kha c.
- Khi ham l ng CO tha p, O
2
cao, kh c o t trong buo ng o t no i hi.
- Khi co xu c ta c , nhie t o ga n 500
o
C, phan ng gi a CO va H
2
O nh sau :
CO + H
2
O ---- > CO
2
+ H
2
+ 9,5 kcal
- Co the s du ng xu c ta c la ho n h p ca c oxit cu a Fe va Crom ( 87% Fe
2
O
3

va 65% Cr
2
O
3
)v i ca c cha t MgO va K
2
O co ch c na ng kch thch pha n
ng.
TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

7

Bang 5: Trieu chng cua c the ng vi nong o Cacboxy- Hemoglobin trong mau
TT Trieu chng
% COHb
trong mau
1 Khong co dau hieu g < 1,0
2 Mo t va i bieu hie n kho ng bnh th ng trong tha i o ng x 1,0 2,0
3
A nh h ng e n he than kinh trung ng, gia m kha nang
phan bie t ve khoang th i gian, ke m nha y ca m gia c quan
kem phan bie t o sang va mo t va i ch c nang ta m ky kha c
2,0 5,0
4 Ch c nang tim pho i b a nh hng 5,0 10,0
5 au a u nhe , gia n ma ch mau ngoa i vi 10,0 20
*
6 au a u, map ma y tha i dng 20 30
7
au a u nhie u, me t mo i, hoa ma t chong ma t, buo n non,
non m a va suy su p
30 40
8 Suy su p, nga t, ma ch a p va nhp th cham da n 40 50
9 Nga t , gia m ma ch ap va nhp th , hon me va co gia t t ng cn 50 60
10
Ho n me , co gia t t ng cn, tim ma ch suy giam va
nguy c t vong
60 70
11 Ma ch ye u, th cha m va yeu da n ro i ta t th sau va i gi 70 80
12 Che t trong vong < 1 tieng ong ho 80 90
13 Che t trong vong va i phu t > 90
(Nguo n: Ta i lie u [1])
I.2.2 Phng phap hap thu :
- S dung phng phap ha p thu , s du ng mo t trong ca c dung dch hap thu
v Nit long
v Dung dch [ Cu(NH
3
)
m
(H
2
O)
n
]
+

v COCH
v Dung dch Clorua ong nho m CuAlCl
4.


I.2.2.1 Hap thu bang dung dch [ Cu(NH
3
)
m
(H
2
O)
n
]
+

[Cu(NH
3
)
m
(H
2
O)
n
]
+
+ xNH
3
+ yCO [Cu(NH
3
)
m+n
(CO)
y
(H
2
O)
n
]
+

+ Q
- Tu y theo tng nong o cu a ph c, ta ng a p sua t cu a CO, gia m nhie t o , th kha
na ng ha p thu tang.
I.2.2.2 Hap thu bang Clorua ong nhom CuAlCl
4
(20- 50%) va (80-
90%) Toluen
CuCl + AlCl
3
+ 2 C
6
H
5
CH
3
(CuAlCl
4
)( C
6
H
5
CH
3
)
2

sau o :
(CuAlCl
4
)( C
6
H
5
CH
3
)
2
+ 2 CO (CuAlCl
4
).2 CO + 2 C
6
H
5
CH
3

TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

8
-Ca c kh CO
2
, O
2
, N
2
, H
2
, kho ng tham gia pha n ng v i ph c CuAlCl
4
nhng
hi n c la i pha n ng :
CuAlCl
4
+ H
2
O 2HCl + CuCl + CuAlCl
4
.CuOCl
- V va y, tr c khi hap thu kh pha i c say kho . a y la nh c ie m cu a
phng pha p nay.
I.2.2.3 Hap thu bang Nit long
- Kh CO ba ng phng phap o t co xu c ta c la phu hp, nhng trong dong kh
tha i, ngoa i CO co n co ca c kh kha c co the la cha t o c o i v i xu c ta c.
- Qua trnh na y c ng dung trong cong nghie p nit bao gom 3 giai oa n:
* La m nguo i s bo va say kho kh.
* la m sa ch kh va ngng tu mo t phan ca c ca u t .
* R a kh (lo ai bo CO, CO
2
, CH
4
, .... ).

I.2.3 Hap phu bang than hoat tnh :
- Do ng kh tha i c dan vao a y tha p, i qua l p va t lie u ha p phu bang than
hoa t tnh, cha t o nhiem CO c gi la i trong ca c khe ro ng cu a than va tren be
ma t than. Con kho ng kh sa ch thoa t ra ngoa i nh tha p.
- Khi than a ba o ho a, ng i ta nha hap e thu ho i cha t o nhie m va e than co
the hap phu tr la i.




















TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

9


CHNG II
YEU CAU THIET KE


II.1 NHIEM VU THIET KE:
- Thie t ke thap ha p thu kh tha i ch a kh CO.

II.2 CAC THONG SO CUA KH THAI:
II.2.1 Cac thong so cua kh thai au vao:
- Co ng sua t x ly : 10.000 m
3
/h.
- Kh tha i ban au ch a : 6% CO + 4% N
2.
II.2.2 Cac thong so cua kh thai au ra
- Nong o CO sau khi ra kho i he tho ng x ly at chuan 1000 mg/m
3

(TCVN 5939-1995)

II.3 CAC GIA THUYET TRONG QUA TRNH TNH TOAN:
- Qua trnh ha p thu la ang nhie t.
- Kh tha i gom chu ye u la H
2
, CO, N
2














TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

10
CHNG III
E XUAT VA THUYET MINH CONG NGHE



III.1 CHON PHNG PHAP X LY:
La chon cong nghe : phng phap hap thu , v:
- Kh CO ba ng phng pha p o t co xu c ta c la phu h p, nhng trong dong kh
tha i, ngoa i CO co n co ca c kh kha c co the la cha t o c o i v i xu c ta c.
- Phng phap ha p phu bang than hoa t tnh th chi ph cao, do than hoa t tnh
a t tie n.
- Ha p thu ba ng Clorua o ng nhom CuAlCl
4
, hay ha p thu ba ng Ha p thu bang
dung dch [ Cu(NH
3
)
m
(H
2
O)
n
]
+
la ha p thu ho a ho c , pha t sinh ca c ho a cha t
th ca p, ca n pha i sa y kho do ng kh --- > chi ph cao, sinh ca c cha t o nhiem
th ca p.
- Ha p thu CO bang nit lo ng la hap thu va t ly , n gia n , chi ph thap.
u iem cua phng phap hap thu :
v Phng pha p hap thu co the ap du ng khi ca n x ly v i lu l ng l n, nong
o cha t o nhie m cao ( > 1%).
v a t hieu qua kinh te cao.
v Co the thu ho i ca c cha t e s du ng tua n hoan la i , hoa c chuye n sang cong
oan san xua t ra sa n pha m kha c.
Do o ta l a chon phng phap ha p thu .

III.2 S LC VE PHNG PHAP HAP THU VA CAC LOAI THIET B HAP
THU:
III.2.1 S lc ve phng phap hap thu
- S ha p thu la qua trnh hu t thu cho n lo c 1 hay mo t so tha nh phan cu a hon h p
kh ba ng cha t hu t thu the dch, ta go i cha t hu t thu the dch la cha t hap thu .
- Co 2 phng thc hap thu : Ha p thu va t ly va ha p thu ho a ho c.
+ Hap thu vat ly : nhng phan t b ha p thu kho ng i vao nh ng pha n t ha p
thu ( khong xay ra ba t c phan ng ho a ho c nao), qua trnh xa y ra do s che nh
le ch ap sua t rie ng pha n cu a cha t ca n hap thu trong do ng kh va trong dung dch
ha p thu .
TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

11
+ Hap thu hoa hoc : nhng pha n t b hap thu se ta c o ng tng ho ho a ho c
v i ca c cha t ha p thu va ta o tha nh hon h p ho a hoc m i. ong ho c cu a qua trnh
la do che nh le ch nong o va do phan ng ho a hoc c ban.
- Yeu cau cua chat hap thu :
1. Co kha nang hap thu cao --- > gia m lu lng cha t hap thu --- > gia m chi
ph na ng l ng va chi ph cho cha t hap thu .
2. Co tnh cho n lo c cao theo quan he v i cha t ca n c ta ch ra --- >a m ba o
kha nang pha n ly hoan toa n hon h p kh.
3. Co the co tnh bo c hi nho -- > v khong ca n a p sua t rie ng phan cu a cha t
ha p thu ln.
4. Co nh ng tnh cha t ong ho c to t. -- > Gia m chie u cao thie t b.
5. Co kha na ng hoa n nguye n to t --- > gia m th i gian hoan nguyen va giam lu
lng cha t mang nhie t.
6. Co tnh o n nh nhie t ho a ho c --- > ta ng th i gian s du ng cha t hap thu
7. Khong co ta c o ng an mo n thie t b.
8. Co gia thanh re va de tm tre n th trng.
III.2.2 CAC LOAI THIET B HAP THU:
- Thie t b hap thu co ch c na ng tao ra be ma t tie p xu c gi a hai pha kh va long
ca ng l n ca ng to t. Co nhie u dang thap ha p thu:
III.2.2.1 Thap phun:
- La tha p co c ca u phun cha t lo ng ba ng c ho c hay ba ng a p sua t trong o cha t
lo ng c phun thanh nhng gio t nho trong the tch ro ng cu a thie t b va cho
dong kh i qua. Thap phun c s dung khi yeu ca u tr l c be va kh co ch a
ha t ra n.
III.2.2.2 Thap sui bot (thap mam):
- Kh c cho qua ta m u c lo ben tre n co ch a l p n c mong.
III.2.2.3 Thap suc kh:
- Kh c phan ta n d i da ng ca c bong bong i qua l p cha t long. Qua trnh
phan ta n kh co the th c hien ba ng ca ch cho kh i qua ta m xop, ta m u c lo
hoa c ba ng ca ch khua y c ho c.
III.2.2.4 Thap em:
- Cha t long c t i tre n l p em rong va chay xuo ng d i ta o ra be ma t t
cu a lp e m e dong kh tie p xu c khi i t d i le n. Thap e m thng c s
dung khi nang sua t nho , mo i tr ng a n mon, t le lo ng: kh l n, kh khong ch a
bu i va hap thu khong ta o ra can la ng.
III.2.2.5 Thap a:
- Cho phep va n to c kh ln nen ng knh tha p tng o i nho , kinh te hn
nh ng tha p kha c. c s du ng khi na ng sua t l n, lu lng long nho va mo i
trng kho ng an mon.
TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

12
Nguyen ly hoa t ong cu a tha p hap thu (xem hnh 5)













Hnh 5: Nguye n ly hoa t ong cu a tha p hap thu

Do ng kh c da n vao ay tha p, dung dch hap thu c phun nh thap.
Do ng kh ca n x ly tiep xu c v i dung dch ha p thu , cha t ca n x ly c gi la i
trong dung dch hap thu va c thu ay thap. Do ng khong kh sa ch thoa t ra
ngoa i tre n nh tha p
Tha p ha p thu pha i tho a man nh ng ye u ca u sau:
Hie u qua va co kha na ng cho kh i qua.
Tr l c thap (<3000Pa).
Ke t ca u n gia n va van hanh thuan tien.
Kho i l ng nho .
Khong b ta c nghe n b i ca n sinh ra trong qua trnh ha p thu .
Die n tch be ma t tiep xu c gi a pha kh va pha lo ng pha i ra t ln.

III.3 E XUAT QUI TRNH CONG NGHE:
- A p dung th c te cu a e ta i : x ly kh tha i ch a CO cu a nha ma y san xua t
Amoniac lo ng.
- S o cong nghe nh sau (xem hnh 6)


x L y G
X L
tr
Y G
tr


Cha t lo ng va o
Cha t lo ng ra Do ng kh va o
Do ng kh ra
Z
dZ
TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

13

B
o
n

c
h

a

B
o
n

c
h

a

B
o
n

c
h

a

9
0
1
0
2
9
7
6
T
S
. N
G
U
Y
E
N
P
H

C

D
A
N
T
L
S

O

C
O
N
G

N
G
H
E

H
A
P

T
H
U

K
H

C
O

B
A
N
G

N
I
T

L
O
N
G

T
R
O
N
G

Q
U
A

T
R

N
H

S
A
N

X
U
A
T

A
M
O
N
I
A
C

L
O
N
G
7
8
6
1
4
4
5
2
2
1
3
1
1
2
1
0
9
1
2
1
3
N
i
t

l
o
n
g
N
H
3

k
h

N
H
3

l
o
n
g
K
h

t
h
a
i

n
h
i
e
m

C
O
K
h

s
a
c
h

C
O
N
H
T
:3
0
-0
5
-0
5
N
N
:
B
A
N
V
E
S
O
: 2
S
O
B
A
N
V
E
: 2
S

O

C
O
N
G
N
G
H
E

N
G
U
Y
E
N
N
H
A
T
T
R

N
G
D

M
Y
L
E

S
V
T
H
G
V
H
D
C
N
B
M
T
H
I
E
T

K
E

T
H
A
P

H
A
P

T
H
U

K
H

C
O

D
U
N
G

D
U
N
G

M
O
I

N
I
T

L
O
N
G
,

C
O
N
G

S
U
A
T

1
0
0
0
0

M
3
/
H

O

A
N

M
O
N

H
O
C

X

L
Y

C
H
A
T

T
H
A
I
T
R

N
G

A
I
H
O
C
B
A
C
H
K
H
O
A

T
P
. H
O
C
H

M
IN
H
K
H
O
A
M
O
I T
R

N
G
G
h
i

c
h
u

n
g

o
n
g

d
a
n

k
h

s
a
c
h

C
O

n
g

o
n
g

d
a
n

l
o
n
g

n
g

o
n
g

d
a
n

k
h

n
h
i
e
m

C
O
9
-







Q
u
a
t

h
u
t
1
1
-





M
a
y

n
e
n
1
2
-





V
a
l
v
e
1
3
-
B
o
n

c
a
o

v

c
h

a

n
i
t

l
o
n
g
1
4
-
B

m
1
,
5
-






T
h
i
e
t

b

t
r
u
y
e
n

n
h
i
e
t

k
h

k
h

2
-









B

n
h

t
a
c
h

l
o
n
g

3
,
6
,
1
0
-

T
h
i
e
t

b

t
r
u
y
e
n

n
h
i
e
t

k
h

l
o
n
g
4
-









B

n
h

h
u
t

a
m
(
H
2
O
)

b
a
n
g

s
i
l
i
c
a
g
e
l
7
-









V
a
l
v
e

t
i
e
t

l

u
8
-









T
h
a
p

m
a
m

u
c

l
o

h
a
p

t
h
u

C
O

Hnh 6: S o cong nghe thap ha p thu CO trong qua trnh san xua t amonia c lo ng


TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

14
III.4 THUYET MINH QUI TRNH CONG NGHE:
- Kh tha i tr c khi va o tha p hap thu c la m nguo i va la m la nh qua nhieu ba c
ba ng chnh nguo n kh sa ch i ra t thap ha p thu va ba ng NH
3
(amonia c)
lo ng ho a hi qua ca c thie t b truye n nhie t kie u ong xoa n,vo o ng.Trong tng
ba c, mo t so thanh pha n trong kh ngng tu c ta ch ra ba ng ca c bnh ta ch
lo ng, ba ng ca c thie t b hu t am ch a va t lieu hu t am silicagel.
- Ban a u, kh tha i (co a p sua t 2,83 Mpa, nhie t o 303318
o
K) c da n qua
thie t b truye n nhie t kh-kh (1) e c la m la nh ba ng kh sa ch i ra t
tha p.
- Sau o , kh tha i c da n qua bnh ta ch long (2) ro i c da n tiep qua thie t b
trao o i nhie t kh-long (3). Ta i ay, kh tha i c la m lanh lan n a ba ng
NH
3
lo ng.
- Kh tha i ra kho i (3) c ta ch a m ba ng bnh ta ch a m silicagel (4) va c la m
la nh lan n a ba ng kh sa ch sau tha p ta i thie t b trao o i nhie t kh-kh (5).
Kh tha i c dan tie p qua bnh ta ch lo ng (2
/
),roi qua thie t b trao o i nhie t
kh-lo ng (6).
- Tr c khi vao thie t b (6), nhie t o kh tha i khoang 103
o
K. Dung dch r a ay
tha p c bo c hi nh valve tie t lu (7). Valve tie t lu co nhie m vu gia m a p
dung dch r a t 2,5 Mpa xuong co n khoang 1,64 MPa, la m cho dung dch
r a chuyen tha nh hi. Hi nay vao thie t b (6) e la m la nh cho kh tha i
xuo ng co n 83
o
K.
- Sau o kh tha i va o thap hap thu . Hi dung dch r a c ta ch long bang bnh
ta ch long (2
//
), ra kho i (2
//
), hi N
2
c ne n le n a p sua t 3 Mpa nh may
nen (11) tr c khi va o thie t b trao o i nhie t (10).
- Kh tha i sau khi qua (6) c dan va o a y thap ha p thu . Nit lo ng c bm
(14) bm le n bo n cao v (13) ro i c phan pho i va o nh tha p. Trong tha p
ha p thu . Nit lo ng va kh tha i eu nhie t o khoa ng 83
o
K, a p sua t khoang
2,25 Mpa. Nit long va kh chuyen o ng ng c chie u xay ra qua trnh tiep
xu c gi a pha long va pha kh. Khi o , CO c ha p thu va c gi la i
trong pha lo ng. Mo t phan N
2
khue ch tan va o pha kh. Kh sa ch ( nong o
CO a t yeu ca u) c qua t (9) dan qua thie t b trao o i nhie t (10). Ta i a y,
hi N
2
c ngng tu thanh lo ng va tua n hoa n vao thap ha p thu .





CHNG IV
TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

15
TNH TOAN THIET B TNH TOAN CONG NGHE


IV.1 TNH SO BAC TRUYEN KHOI:
- Tha nh phan kh tha i co : CO, H
2
, N
2
v i no ng o nh sau :
0 06 ,
co d
y y = = ;
2
0 04 ,
N
y = ;
2
0 9 ,
H
y =
- Kho i lng rieng "i#u ki&n 0
o
C, 1 atm :
3
1 25 , ( )
co
kg
m
r = ;
3 2
1 25 , ( )
N
kg
m
r = ;

3 2
0 0899 , ( )
H
kg
m
r =
- Kho i lng mol hon h p au :

2 2 2 2
0 06 28 0 04 28 0 9 2 4 6 , * , * , * , ( )
hh co co N N H H
hh
M y M y M y M
kg
M
kmol
= + +
= + + =

- Ne u xem hon h p au go m kh CO(ca u t A) va kh tr N
2
+ H
2
(ca u t B) th
kho i l ng mol ca c ca u t trong hon h p la :
28
A
M =
1
hh d A
B
d
M y M
M
y
-
=
-

4 6 0 06 28
3 106
1 0 06
, , *
,
,
B
M
-
= =
-

- Kho i lng rieng hon hp kh k chuan (0
o
C, 1 atm) la :

2 2
0 2 2
1
d N H
co N H
y y y
r r r r
= + +
0
1 0 06 0 04 0 9
1 25 1 25 0 0899
, , ,
, , , r
= + +
3 0
0 1 , ( )
kg
m
r =
- Cho n ieu kie n la m vie c cu a tha p hap thu :
P=22.5 (at)
T=83
o
K (-190
o
C)
- Kho i lng rieng hon hp kh 83
o
K:
TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

16
0 0 0
*
*
T T T
P T
P T
r
r
= ;

83
3
273 22 5 735
0 1 7 148
83 761
, *
, * * , ( )
o
K
d
kg
m
r = =
- Sua t lng hon h p kh ban a u :
*
d d d
G Q r = ;
10000
7 148 19 86
3600
* , , ( )
d
kg
G
s
= =
- Pha n kho i lng cu a CO trong pha hi :

1
.
.
d A
d
hh
y M
y
M
= ;
0 06 28
0 365
1 4 6
, *
, ( )
.
* ,
d
kgCO
y
kg hh
= =
- Pha n kho i lng cu a CO trong pha hi ban a u :

( )
0 365 ,
.
d
kgCO
y
kg hhkh
=
- Sua t lng CO ban a u :
*
d Ad d
G G y = ; 19 86 0 365 7 25 , * , , ( )
Ad
kg
G
s
= =
- Sua t lng kh tr :

tro d Ad
G G G = - ; 19 86 7 25 12 61 , , , ( )
tro
kg
G
s
= - =
- Ty so kho i l ng trong hon h p au:

Ad
d
tro
G
Y
G
=
7 25
0 575
12 51
,
, ( )
.
,
d
kgCO
Y
kg tro
= =
- No ng o CO cho phe p theo tieu chua n:

3
1000( )
. .
cp
co
mg
C
m hh dkc
=
- Pha n mol (hay phan the tch) trong hon h p cuoi:

6
1000 10
0 0008
1 25
.
,
,
cp
co
c
co
C
y
r
-
= = =
- Pha n kho i lng trong hon hp cuo i:

6
0
1000 10
0 01
0 01
.
, ( )
.
,
cp
co
c
C
kgCO
y
kg hh
r
-
= = =
- Ty so kho i l ng trong hon h p cuo i:

Ac
c
Ac tro
G
y
G G
=
+
;

12 61
0 1274
1 1
1 1
0 01
,
, ( )
,
tro
Ac
c
G
kg
G
s
y
= = =
- -

TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

17

0 1274
0 01
12 61
,
, ( )
.
,
Ac
c
tro
G
kgCO
Y
kg tro
G
= = =
- L ng kh CO c hap thu trong thap:
7 25 0 1274 7 1226 , , , ( )
Ad Ac
kg
M G G
s
= - = - =
- Phng trnh ng ca n ba ng :

1
* *
( )
A
A
B
B
M H X
Y
M H
M P
X
M P
=
+ -

- He so Henry tra ba ng co : 40000( ) H mmHg =
- Phng trnh ng ca n ba ng tr tha nh:

28 40000
28 40000
3 106 22 5 735
1
3 106 22 5 735
* *
, , *
( )
, , *
X
Y
X
=
+ -

- No ng o CO to i a trong N
2
long :
2
0 229 max ,
kgCO
X
kgN

=


khi
0 575 . d Y =
- So lieu tre n ng ca n ba ng :

ung
cn
bng
ca
qu
trnh
hp
th
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.000 0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200 0.250


X
*
Y
0.000 0.000
0.020 0.049
0.040 0.097
0.060 0.147
0.080 0.196
0.100 0.246
0.120 0.296
0.140 0.346
0.160 0.397
0.180 0.448
0.190 0.474
0.200 0.499
0.210 0.525
0.220 0.551
0.229 0.575
TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

18
- L ng N
2
lo ng to i thie u ca n :
2 426
min min
, m tga = =
- L ng N
2
th c te :
1 2 1 2 2 426 2 9112
min
, * , * . , m m = = =
- L ng N
2
long ca n ban a u:
2 9112 12 61 36 71 * , * , , ( )
d tro
kg
L m G
s
= = =
- No ng o CO trong N
2
th c te sau khi ha p thu :
2
0 575 0 01
0 232
2 426
. ,
.
.
d c Y Y
kgCO
X
kgN
m
- -

= = =



- So mam ly thuye t ap du ng cho tha p hap thu CO bang nit lo ng:

1
1
1
1
lg
lg
lt
A
n
A
h
h
-
-
= -
(Nguon: Ta i lieu [4])
- Trong o :
A
1
: ye u to ha p thu
2
1
0 133 , *
N long
tro
Z
A
Z
=
2
N long
Z : sua t lng mol pha long(mol/s ;kmol/s; kmol/h)
2
2
36 71
1 311
28
,
, ( )
d
N long
N
L
kmol
Z
s
M
= = =
tro
Z : sua t l ng mol ca c cha t kh khong ho a tan(mol/s ;kmol/s; kmol/h)

12 61
4 06
3 106
,
, ( )
,
tro
tro
tro
G
kmol
Z
s
M
= = =
d c
d
y y
y
h
-
= : m c o ta ch cha t o nhiem
0 06 0 0008
0 98667
0 06
, ,
,
,
d c
d
y y
y
h
- -
= = =
- Do o :
2
1
1 311
2 428
0 133 0 133 4 06
,
,
, * . * ,
N long
tro
Z
A
Z
= = =
- So ba c ly thuye t:
2 428 0 98667
1 0 98667
1 5 28
2 428
, ,
lg
,
,
lg ,
lt
n
-
-
= - =
- Hie u sua t thap ma m : E = 0,3 0,8
- Cho n E = 0,6
TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

19
- So mam th c :
5 28
8 8
0 6
,
,
,
lt
th
n
n
E
= = =
- Cho n so mam N=9 (ma m)

IV.2 TNH NG KNH THAP HAP THU:
- ng knh thap :
0 785 , . .
tb
t
th ktb
G
D
W r
=
- Trong o : D : ng knh thap (m)

tb
G

: sua t l ng kh trung bnh qua tha p ( kg/s)

th
W : van to c kh qua thap(m/s)

tb
r : kho i l ng ie ng trung bnh cu a hon hp kh(kg/m
3
)
- Sua t lng kh au va o va ra:
19 86 7 1226 12 74 , , , ( )
c d
kg
G G M
s
= - = - =
- Sua t lng kh trung bnh qua tha p:

19 86 12 74
16 3
2 2
, ,
, ( )
d c
tb
G G
kg
G
s
+ +
= = =
- Kho i lng rieng cu a ho n hp kh au ra:

2 2
2 2
1
c N H
dkc
c co N H
y y y
r r r r
= + +
1 0 0008 0 0426 0 9566
1 25 1 25 0 0899
. . .
. . .
dkc
c
r
= + +
3
0 0937 . ( )
dkc
c
kg
m
r =
0
0
0
* *
T dkc
c
T P
T P
r r =

83
3
273 22 5 735
0 0937 6 706
83 760
, *
, * * , ( )
o
K
c
kg
m
r = =
- Kho i lng rieng trung bnh cu a hon h p kh:

3
7 148 6 706
6 927
2 2
, ,
, ( )
d c
tb
kg
m
r r
r
+ +
= = =
- Sua t lng nit long trung bnh:
36 71 7 123 43 83 , , , ( )
c d
kg
L L M
s
= + = + =
36 71 43 83
40 27
2 2
, ,
, ( )
d c
tb
L L
kg
L
s
+ +
= = =
- Kho i lng rieng trung bnh pha long:
2
3
808( )
ltb N long
kg
m
r r = =
- Tnh van to c dong kh qua tha p:
TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

20
.
ltb ktb
ltb
W C
r r
r
-
=
- Cho n khoang ca ch ma m 700 0 7 ( ) , ( )
mam
H mm m = =
- V i khoa ng ca ch ma m nay, tra o th ta co C=0.075
- Ne n van to c do ng kh qua thap la :

808 6 927
0 085 0 92
6 927
,
, , ( )
,
th
m
W
s
-
= =
- ng knh trong cu a thap la :

16 3
1 81
0 785 0 92 6 9327
,
, ( )
, * , * ,
t
D m = =
- Cho n ng knh theo quy pham: 1 8 1800 , ( ) ( )
t
D m mm = =
- Tnh la i van to c:
2
0 785 , * *
tb
ktb
G
W
D r
=

2
16 3
0 93
0 785 6 927 1 8
,
, ( )
, * , * ,
m
W
s
= =
- Va y ng knh tha p: D=1800 (mm) = 1,8 (m)

IV.3 TNH CHIEU CAO THAP HAP THU
- Khoang cach gia mam au va mam cuoi la:
1 ( )
tong mam
Z n H = -
- Trong o:
tong
n : la tong so mam cua thap (mam)
0 7 , ( )
mam
H m = la khoang cach gia 2 mam gan nhau
(m)
- e co the m rong cong suat sau nay, ta chon khoang
trong u e at 2 mam d tr .
- Vay: 11
tong
n =
Z=(11-1). 0,7 = 7 (m)
Z=7 (m)

IV.4 TNH C KH:
IV.4.1 Tnh than thiet b:
- Thie t b hoa t o ng d i ap sua t cao, vo thie t b o i ho i pha i co be day u e
chu ap sua t o .
- Tha n hnh tru han co the chu c khoa ng ap sua t::
1,6.10
6
N/m
2
(1,6+10)10
6
N/m
2
.
- A p sua t la m vie c thie t b P=22.5 at
TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

21
- e thie t b hoa t o ng an toan, co the chu c ca c a p sua t kha c( v du nh a p
sua t cu a pha lo ng), ta cho n ap sua t lam vie c cu a tha p la :
P=24 (at) = 2.4 N/mm
2
< (1,6+10)10
6
N/m
2
. Do o ta cho n thie t ke tha n
hnh tru ha n.
- Cho n thep CT3 co ng sua t cho phe p :
ng sua t cho phe p 20
0
C:
[ ] 0 2
20
147( )
C
N
mm
s =
ng sua t cho phe p 200
0
C:
[ ] 0 2
200
133( )
C
N
mm
s =
- Va y ng sua t cho phep ieu kie n la m vie c 45
0
C :
[ ] 0 2
45
145( )
C
N
mm
s =
- A p l c c c a i cho phep: [ ] 0 177
max
. * P s =

2
0 177 145 25 665 256 65
max
. * . ( ) . ( )
N
P at
mm
= = =
- Be day thie t b chu a p sua t cao :

[ ] 2.
t
h
S S C
D P
S
P s j
= +
=
-

- Trong o : S la be day tha n(mm)
j : he so be mo i han
0 a b c
C C C C C = + + + :he so bo sung cho be da y(mm)
a
C : he so bo sung do a n mo n ho a ho c(mm)
b
C : he so bo sung do s ba o mon c ho c(mm)
c
C : he so bo sung do sai le ch khi che tao, la p ra p(mm)
0
C : he so bo sung do la m tron kch th c(mm)
- Ha n mo t pha, 0 9 .
h
j = . Tren tha n thie t b co khoe t lo nha p tha o lie u, ie u
na y la m cho he so ben mo i ha n b giam. Do o ta cho n 0 85 .
h
j =
- Cho n 0 5 , ( )
a
C mm =
- Do van to c do ng va t lie u trong thap tng o i tha p, chon 0
b
C =
- Cho n 0 5 , ( )
c
C mm =
- Cho n
0
0 5 , ( ) C mm =
- Va y 0 5 0 0 5 0 5 1 5 , , , , ( ) C mm = + + + =

1800 2 4
20 1
2 128 0 85 2 4
* ,
, ( )
* * , ,
S mm = =
-

20 1 1 5 21 6 , , , ( ) S mm = + =
- Cho n S=22(mm)
TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

22
- Kie m traieu kie n o n nh: 0 1 ,
a
t
S C
D
-
<
- Ta co
22 0 5
0 012 0 1
1800
,
, ,
a
t
S C
D
- -
= = < . Do o tho a ie u kien on nh.
- Kie m tra ie u kien be n:
[ ]
[ ]
2
10 1 1
( )
( % ) ,
( )
h a
t a
S C
P P P P
D S C
s j -
= + =
+ -

- Ta co [ ]
2 2
2 128 0 85 22 0 5
2 568 1 1 2 4 2 64
1800 22 0 5
* * , ( , )
, ( ) , * , , ( )
( , )
N N
P
mm mm
-
= = < =
+ -

- Nh va y cha u ie u kien be n. Ta cho n la i be da y tha n la 25 mm( Kie m tra
nh tre n tho a ieu kie n ben)
- Va y S=25 (mm)

IV.4.2 Tnh ay va nap thiet b:
- e de tha o lo ng va de thoa t kh, ta cho n thie t ke a y va nap hnh no n.
- e tang o cng, ta cho n kieu hnh non co g .

- Be day a y hnh non co g tnh theo co ng th c:
S=S
/
+C

[ ] 2
/
.
. cos .
h
D P
S
P a s j
=
-


2 1 10
/
min
. ( cos ) . .sin
t t
D D R S a a = - - +


- Cho n go c ay va na p : 2 2 45 90 * *
o o
a = =

[ ] 128 0 85
45 33 3
2 4
* ,
,
,
h
P
s j
= = >

[ ]
4
/
min
. .
. .
t
h
D P y
S
s j
=
- Trong o :
y : la he so phu thuo c hnh dang, phu thuo c vao t so
t
t
R
D
va go c a
Ca c a i l ng kha c a bie t
- Cho n 0 15 ,
t
t
R
D
= , tra bang ta co y=1,94
- Ta co
1800 2 4 1 94
19 3
4 128 0 85
/
min
* , * ,
, ( )
* * ,
S mm = =
D=1369 (mm)
S
/
=21,96 (mm)
TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

23
S=21,96 + 1,5 = 23,46
- Be day a y va nap pha i l n hn be day tha n. Tra be da y the p ta m co tren th
trng, ta cho n be day a y va nap : S
d
=S
n
=28 (mm)
- Kie m tra ie u kie ben:
2 1 2
. .
.( ). ,
t o c
h
D P y
S C
s
s
j
=
-

- The p CT3,
2
240( )
c
N
mm
s =
P
o
=P + 0,3=2,4 + 0,3 = 2,7 (N/mm
2
)
1800 2 7 1 94 240
209 3 200 7
2 28 1 5 0 85 1 2
* , * ,
, ,
*( , ) * , ,
s = = > =
-
.
- Va y kho ng tho a.
- Ta chon la i be da y ay va nap S
d
=S
n
=30 (mm).
- Kiem tra nh tre n thay tho a ie u kien be n.
- Va y S
d
=S
n
=30 (mm).

IV.4.3 Tnh ong dan nhap thao lieu:
IV.4.3.1 Tnh ong dan kh vao thap hap thu :
- Lu l ng kh vao tha p: Q
d
=10000 (m
3
/h) = 2,778 (m
3
/s)
- Cho n van to c do ng kh trong ong dan W
k
=25 m/s
- ng knh o ng da n kh va o thap:

4 4 2 778
0 376
3 14 25
. * ,
, ( )
. , *
d
kv
k
Q
D m
W p
= = =
- Cho n ng knh ong theo chuan: 0 4 400 , ( ) ( )
kv
D m mm = =
- Tnh la i van to c
4 4 2 778
22 2
3 14 0 4
. * ,
, ( )
. , * ,
d
k
kv
Q
m
W
s
D p
= = =
IV.4.3.2 Tnh ong dan kh sach ra khoi thap:
- Do the tch cha t o nhie m b gi la i trong thap tng o i nho , co the xem lu
lng kh ra kho i tha p bang lu l ng kh vao thap
3
2 778 , ( )
d c
m
Q Q
s
= = .
- Cho n ng knh ong dan kh ra kho i thap 400( )
kr kv
D D mm = =
IV.4.3.3 Tnh ong phan phoi nit long vao thap:
- Lu l ng nit lo ng ca n cung ca p vao tha p:

3
2
36 71
0 0454
808
,
, ( )
d
N
l
L
m
Q
s
r
= = =
- Va n to c gi i han cu a cha t long trong ong dan 13 m/s. Chon va n to c dan nit
lo ng va o thap : 3( )
l
m
W
s
=
- ng knh o ng da n nit lo ng va o thap :
TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

24

4 4 0 0454
0 139 139
3 14 3
. * ,
, ( ) ( )
. , *
l
lv
l
Q
D m mm
W p
= = = =
- Cho n ng knh theo chua n : 150( )
lv
D mm =
- Tnh la i van to c
2 2
4 4 0 0454
2 57
3 14 0 15
. * ,
, ( )
. , * ,
l
l
lv
Q
m
W
s
D p
= = = < 3. Va y tho a.
IV.4.3.4 Tnh ong dan dung dch sau khi hap thu ra khoi thap:
- Cho n lu l ng dung dch sau khi hap thu tha o ra kho i tha p bang v i lu
lng nit lo ng va o thap.
- ng knh o ng da n nit lo ng ra kho i tha p : 150( )
lv lr
D D mm = =
IV.4.4 Tnh mam uc lo
- Cho n ng knh lo : 4( )
lo
d mm =
- Cho n chie u cao g chay tra n : 50( )
g
h mm =
- Be ro ng g tra n la
g
b
- Cho n dien tch 2 ban nguye t danh cho o ng chay truyen = 20 % dien tch mam,
t c la
2
2
0 1
3
. , . .
g g mam
b h R p =
-Ta co
[ ]
2
2
2
2
g
mam mam
b
R b R

+ - =



- V i R
mam
la ba n knh mam
1800
900
2 2
( )
t
mam
D
R mm = = ;
- Die n tch ma m :
2
2
0 707
4
, ( )
mam
mam
R
F m
p
= =
- Gia i he phng trnh tren ta c :

0 32
1 47
, ( )
, ( )
g
b m
b m
=
=

- Go i
b
m
l
K
r
r
= la t so gi a kho i lng rieng cha t long bo t va kho i l ng rie ng
cha t long tre n mam
- Thng cho n 0 8 ,
m
K =
- Theo ta i lieu [3], ta co chie u cao l p cha t long tre n g tra n tnh theo cong
th c:

2
3
1 85 , . .
l
g m
Q
h
b K

D =




0 076 76 , ( ) ( ) h m mm D = =
- Chie u cao toan bo lp cha t lo ng tre n mam: 50 76 126( )
b g
h h h mm = + D = + =
TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

25
- A p l c cha t lo ng len ma m :
2
808 9 81 0 126
1412 6
0 707
. . * , * ,
, ( )
,
l
mam
mam
g h
N
p
m
F
r
= = =
- Be day ma m :
[ ]
6
1412 10 0 5
1800 4 23
128
/
. . * ,
. , ( )
mam t
P K
S D mm
s
-
= = =
5
/
( )
mam mam
S S C mm = + =
- Tong die n tch ca c lo chiem tre n mam lay ba ng 10% die n tch ma m

2 2
0 1 0 1 0 707 0 0707 70700 , * , * , , ( ) ( )
lo mam
F F m mm = = = =

- Die n tch mo t lo :
2 2
2
4
3 14 12 56
4 4
, , ( )
lo
lo
d
F mm p = = =
- Tong so lo tren mo t mam :

70700
5629
12 65 ,
lo
lo
lo
F
N
F
= = =

- Cho n o ng chay truye n 100
IV.4.5 Chon bch noi ong dan kh:

32
3
610
550
4
4


- Ta co : D
kv
= 400 mm
- Tra ba ng ta co ca c tho ng so kch th c cu a bch :
D =610 mm D
b
= 550 mm
M30 Z = 16 h=44

IV.4.6 Chon bch noi ong dan long:
TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

26
- Ta co : D
lv
= D
lr
= 150 mm

22
3
300
250
3
0


- Tra ba ng ta co ca c thong so kch th c cu a bch:
D = 300 mm D
b
= 250 mm
M22 Z = 8 h = 30
IV.4.7 Tnh s bo khoi lng thap
IV.4.7.1 Khoi lng than:
- Die n tch thep tha n:
2
3 14 1 8 7 2 51 . . , * , *( ) ( )
th t
F D H m p = = + =
- The p la m tha n day 25 mm, kho i k ng
2
196( / ) kg m r =
- Kho i lng the p la m than : 196 51 9996 . * ( )
th
M F kg r = = =
IV.4.7.2 Khoi lng ay va nap:
- Die n tch thep a y = dien tch the p nap =
2
4 413 , ( )
d n
F F m = =
- The p ay va na p day 30 mm,
2
235 5 , ( / ) kg m r =
- Kho i lng ay = kho i l ng na p = 235 5 4 413 1040
,
. , * , ( )
d n d
M F kg r = = =
IV.4.7.3 Khoi lng mam:
- Die n tch ma m
2 2
2
3 14 1 8
2 5
4 4
, * ,
, ( )
t
m
D
F m
p
= = =
- The p mam da y 5 mm,
2
39 2 , ( / ) kg m r =
- Tong kho i lng mam=9*2,5*39,2=882(kg)


IV.4.7.4 Khoi lng s bo thap
TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

27
- Va y kho i l ng s bo cu a thap : 9996 1040 882 11918( ) M kg = + + =

- Tnh e n kho i l ng bch, buloong, kho i lng nit long, o ng chay
truye n,...xem kho i l ng tha p la 20000(kg) = 20 ta n.
IV.4.8 Tnh tai treo
- Tong ta i trong : G
max
= 20000 kg =2. 10
5
N
- Cho n 4 tai treo.
- Ta i trong len mo t tai treo :
5
4
2 10
5 10
4 4
max
.
.
G
G N = = =
- Tra ba ng ,chon tai treo :

4
0
0
12
20
20
12
D
D
D-D
200
34
65

IV.4.9 Vo
- Cho n vo o co be day = be da y ay= 30mm
- Tre n vo co khoe t lo e dan ong ra ngoa i.
- ng knh lo chon 1000
- Chi tie t vo o xem ba n ve

IV.4.10 Tnh tr lc qua thap
- Tr l c qua mo t ma m :

mam b k
P P P P
s
D = D + D + D
Tr l c mam kho :
2
2
l ktb
k
V
P
r
x D =
- Die n tch t do( dien tch lo ) 10%, nen 1 82 , x =
- Va n to c kh qua lo :
0 93
9 3
10 0 1
,
, ( )
% ,
l
W
m
V
s
= = =
TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

28
2
2
9 3 6 927
1 82 545 2
2
, * ,
, * , ( )
k
N
P
m
D = =
Tr l c do s c ca ng be ma t :
3
4 4 8 5 10
8 5
0 004
. * , .
, ( )
,
lo
N
P
m
d
s
s
-
D = = =
- S c ca ng be ma t cu a nit lo ng -196
o
C la
3
8 5 10 , . ( )
N
m
s
-
=
Tr l c thuy l c qua lp cha t long bo t tren ma m:
2
1 3
1 3 0 126 0 8 808 9 81 1037
, . . .
, * , * , * * , ( )
b b l
b
P h K g
N
P
m
r D =
D = =

- Tr l c tong cong qua 1 mam :

2
545 2 8 5 1037 1590 7 , , , ( )
mam b k
mam
P P P P
N
P
m
s
D = D + D + D
D = + + =

-To ng tr l c qua tha p

2
11 1590 7 17497 8 . * , , ( )
thap tong mam
N
P n P
m
D = D = =
- Va n to c nho nha t e am ba o ca c lo tren ma m hoa t o ng bnh thng :

9 81 808 0 126
0 65 0 65 6 9
1 82 6 927
min
. . , * * ,
, , , ( )
. , * ,
l b
ktb
g h
m
V
s
r
x r
= = =
9 3 6 9
min
, ( ) , ( )
l
m m
V V
s s
= > =
- Do o lo hoa t o ng bnh thng.

IV.5 TNH CAC THIET B PHU
IV.5.1 Quat hut:
- Lu l ng : 10.000 m
3
/h
- Tr l c qua tha p :
2
11 1590 7 17497 8 . * , , ( )
thap tong mam
N
P n P
m
D = D = =
- Chie u cao to ng co ng cu a thap tnh ca pha n ay va na p :
12465 12 5 ,
thap
H mm m =
- Ton tha t a p l c van chuyen ho n hp kh t ay en nh tha p :
. .
k thap
P g H r D = = 7,148 * 9,81*12,5 =877 (N/m
2
)
- Tong ton tha t s bo : 17497,8 + 877 = 18374,8 (N/m
2
)
- Co t a p tng ng : H=1,84 mH
2
O
- Cong sua t qua t:

1000
.
( )
.
q
Q P
N kw
h
D
=
- Cho n 2 qua t, mo i qua t co lu lng 5000 m
3
/h
- Cho n hieu sua t qua t 0 6 . h =
TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

29
- Cong sua t mo i qua t :
5000 18374 8
43 59
3600 1000 0 6
* ,
( ) ( )
* * ,
q
N kw HP = = =
IV.5.2 Bm:
- L ng nit long ca n : 36,71 (kg/s)=164 (m
3
/h)
- Tha p cao 12,465 m, e bu vao ton tha t ma sa t tre n ng ong, to n tha t cu c
bo tre n ca c co, cu t, cho n bm co co t a p H=15 mH
2
O.
- Cong sua t bm :
1000
. . .
.
g Q H
N
r
h
= (kw)
- Cho n hieu sua t bm 0 7 , h =
808 9 81 164 15
7 74 10 6
1000 3600 0 7
* , * *
, ( ) , ( )
* * ,
N kw HP = = =
- 5<N= 7,74 (kw) < 50. Do o chon he so an toan co ng sua t 1 2 , b =
- Cong sua t bm yeu cau : 1 2 7 74 9 3 12 7 . , * , , ( ) , ( )
yc
N N kw HP b = = = =
- Cho n 2 bm, mo t ca i hoa t o ng, mo t ca i d phong, mo i ca i co :
Q=200 m
3
/h
H=15 mH
2
O
N= 15 HP




















TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

30
CHNG V
TNH KINH TE




- Chi ph phu cho cong trnh= 10 % chi ph vat t =22.558.800 ()
- Chi ph nhan cong=chi ph vat t + chi ph phu
= 225.588.000 + 22.558.800 = 248.146.800 ()
Tong chi ph = chi ph vat t + chi ph phu + chi ph nhan cong
= 248.146.800 + 248.146.800 =496.293.600 ()





















TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

31
T
h
a
n
h

t
i
e
n

(

o
n
g
)

7
9
.
9
6
8
.
0
0
0

1
5
.
6
0
0
.
0
0
0

2
0
.
5
5
0
.
0
0
0

7
0
0
.
0
0
0

7
.
6
5
0
.
0
0
0

2
.
5
0
0
.
0
0
0

6
0
0
.
0
0
0

8
2
0
.
0
0
0

4
0
.
0
0
0
.
0
0
0

5
4
.
0
0
0
.
0
0
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1
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0
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1
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1
.
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2
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8
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0
0
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G
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a
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1

n

v

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g
)

8
0
0
0











7
5
0
0

7
5
0
0

7
0
0
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8
5
0
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5
0
.
0
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2
0
0
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8
2
0
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2
0
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0
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0
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2
7
.
0
0
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0
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3
0
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0
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5
0
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5
0
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0
0
0


S
o

l

n
g

9
9
9
6

2
x
1
0
40

2
7
4
0

1
0
0

9
x
1
0
0

5
0

3
0
0

1
0
0

2

2

4

2
0

2
0

n

v

K
g

K
g

K
g

K
g

K
g

K
g

C
o
n

K
g

B
o

B
o

C
a
i

K
g

K
g


L
o
a
i

Q
u
i

c
a
c
h

T
h
e
p

t
a
m

C
T
3
-
2
5
m
m

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h
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p

t
a
m

C
T
3
-

3
0
m
m

T
h
e
p

t
a
m

C
T
3
-

3
0

m
m

T
h
e
p

C
T
3
-

5
5

m
m

T
h
e
p

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T
3
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m
m

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h
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p

C
T
3
-
3

m
m

T
h
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p

T
h
e
p

C
T
3
-
1
2

m
m

Q
=
2
0
0

m
3
/
h
,


H
=
1
5

m
H
2
O

N
=

1
5

H
P

Q
=
5
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0

m
3
/
h
,

H
=

3

m
H
2
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N
=

6
5

H
P

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e
t
o
n
g


V
a
t

l
i
e
u

T
h
e
p

l
a
m

t
h
a
n

T
h
e
p

a
y
,

n
a
p

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o

c
h

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a
m

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n
g

d
a
n
,

o
n
g

c
h
a
y

c
h
u
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n

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u
l
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n
g

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a
n

c
h

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m

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n

c
h
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n
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g

n

m
a
u


S
T
T

0
1

0
2

0
3

0
4

0
5

0
6

0
7

0
8

0
9

1
0

1
1

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2

1
3

T
o
n
g



TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

32
KET LUAN

1. u iem :
- Tnh hu ch cua cong trnh : o la s dung chnh nguon san pham
phu la nit long sinh ra trong qua trnh san xuat amoniac long e hap
thu chat CO trong kh thai. ieu nay giup tiet kiem chi ph cho hoa
chat e x ly kh thai cua nha may. Co the thu hoi CO,chuyen
sang dang long phuc vu cho cac nhu cau khac.
- Thap che tao n gian,van hanh de dang.
2. Cac thay oi co the phat sinh:
- Cac thong so cua kh thai co the thay oi khac i so vi qua trnh
tnh toan,do o thap se khong hoat ong vi hieu suat khac i.
- Gia ca cac vat t co the thay oi, nen chi ph cho cong trnh co
the thay oi.



























TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

33
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO


[1] O nhie m kho ng kh va x ly kh tha i ta p 1- GS. Tra n Ngo c Chan-NXB Khoa ho c va
ky thua t

[2] O nhie m kho ng kh va x ly kh tha i ta p 3- GS. Tra n Ngo c Chan-NXB Khoa ho c va
ky thua t

[3] Ky thua t tho ng gio - GS. Tra n Ngo c Cha n-NXB Xa y d ng

[4] Ky thua t x ly kh tha i co ng nghie p- PGS.PTS. Pha m Va n Bo n

[5] V du va ba i ta p (ta p 10)- PGS.PTS. Pha m Va n Bo n-Vu Ba Minh- Hoa ng Minh
Nam

[6] Tie u chua n Vie t Nam- Ha No i-2002

[7] AirQuality Guiderline for Europe

[8] Thie t ke tnh toa n ca c chi tie t thie t b ho a cha t - Ho Le Vie n - NXB khoa ho c va ky
thua t

[9] So tay qua trnh va thie t b co ng nghe ho a cha t ta p II PTS. Tra n Xoa- PGS.PTS
Nguyen Tro ng Khuo n- PTS. Pha m Xua n Toan NXB Khoa ho c va ky thua t Ha No i-
1999














MUC LUC
TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

34


Chng I : ll hlLU J! U!! `! ! lhU! lh!l `U lY .............................................1

I.1 TONG QUAN VE KH CACBON MONOXIT .........................................1
I.1.1 ac iem ly hoa cua kh Cacbon momoxit (CO)
..............................1
I.1.2 Nguon goc cua kh cacbon oxit
....................................................1
I.1.3 Tac hai cua kh CO oi vi moi trng
.........................................4
I.1.4 Tac hai cua kh CO len sc khoe con ngi
..............................4
I.1.5 Cac gii han nong o cua CO trong moi trng
..............................6
I.2 C S LY THUYET CUA CAC QUA TRNH X LY KH
CACBON OXIT......6
I.2.1 Phng phap
ot..............................................................................6
I.2.2 Phng phap hap
thu........................................................................7
I.2.2.1 Hap thu bang dung dch [
Cu(NH
3
)
m
(H
2
O)
n
]
+
...........................7
I.2.2.2 Hap thu bang Clorua ong nhom CuAlCl
4
(20- 50%)
va
(80-90%)
Toluen...................................................................7
I.2.2.3 Hap thu bang Nit
long..........................................................8
I.2.3 Hap phu bang than hoat
tnh.............................................................8

Chng II : YL U !U hlL lL........................................................................................................................................`
II.1 NHIEM VU THIET KE
.................................................................................9
II.2 CAC THONG SO CUA KH
THAI..................................................................9
II.2.1 Cac thong so kh thai au
vao...........................................................9
II.2.2 Cac thong so au
ra..........................................................................9
II.3 CAC GIA THUYET TRONG QUA TRNH TNH
TOAN................................. 9

TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

35
Chng III : lL `U! `! hUYL !l!h J! !hL...................................................................................I.
III.1 CHON PHNG PHAP X LY
............................................................10
III.2 S LC VE PHNG PHAP HAP THU VA
CAC LOAI THIET B HAP
THU........................................................10
III.2.1 S LC VE PHNG PHAP HAP
THU........................................10
III.2.2 CAC LOAI THIET B HAP
THU........................................................11
III.2.2.1 Thap
phun.........................................................................11
III.2.2.2 Thap sui bot (thap
mam)...................................................11
III.2.2.3 Thap suc
kh......................................................................11
III.2.2.4 Thap
em..........................................................................11
III.2.2.5 Thap a............................................................................
11
III.3 E XUAT QUI TRNH CONG
NGHE..........................................................12
III.4 THUYET MINH QUI TRNH CONG
NGHE.................................................14

Chng IV: l!h J!! hlL ll l!h J!! J! !hL ....................................................................15
IV.1 TNH SO BAC TRUYEN
KHOI....................................................................15
IV.2 TNH NG KNH THAP HAP
THU.........................................................19
IV.3 TNH CHIEU CAO THAP HAP
THU............................................................20
IV.4 TNH C
KH..............................................................................................20
IV.4.1 TNH THAN THIET
B.................................................................... 20
IV.4.2 TNH AY VA NAP THIET
B..........................................................22
IV.4.3 TNH ONG DAN NHAP THAO
LIEU................................................23
IV.4.3.1 Tnh ong dan kh vao thap hap
thu....................................23
TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O
C ar rCr C x+ l a1 1a1


SVTH: NGUYEN NHAT TRNG
MSSV: 90102976

36
IV.4.3.2 Tnh ong dan kh sach ra khoi
thap....................................23
IV.4.3.3 Tnh ong phan phoi nit long vao
thap..............................23
IV.4.3.4 Tnh ong dan dung dch sau khi hap thu ra khoi
thap........24
IV.4.4 TNH MAM UC
LO.......................................................................24
IV.4.5 CHON BCH NOI ONG DAN
KH.....................................................25
IV.4.6 CHON BCH NOI ONG DAN
LONG.................................................26
IV.4.7 TNH KHOI LNG S BO
THAP...................................................26
IV.4.7.1 Khoi lng than
............................................................26
IV.4.7.2 Khoi lng ay va
nap.......................................................26
IV.4.7.3 Khoi lng
mam................................................................26
IV.4.7.4 Khoi lng s bo
thap........................................................27
IV.4.8 TNH TAI
TREO...............................................................................27
IV.4.9 VO
.............................................................................................27
IV.4.10 TNH TR LC QUA
THAP...........................................................27
IV.5 TNH CAC THIET B
PHU..........................................................................28
IV.5.1 QUAT
HUT......................................................................................28
IV.5.2 BM...............................................................................................29

Chng V : l!h ll!h L...................................................................................................................................................30
Ke t luan.........................................................................................................................32
Ta i lie u tham kha o........................................................................................................33

TA I LIE U CH MANG TNH CHA T THAM KHA O
M
O
I
T
R
U
O
N
G
X
A
N
H
.
I
N
F
O