CIVIL ENGINEERING

PAINTS:

1. Interior wall and ceiling
To increase the visual appeal and smoothness of wall surface and ceiling interior
paint is done. Following types of paints can be used as interior paint -


Distemper: Distemper is common type paint used in interior wall and ceiling for
protecting and decorating brick wall, concrete and plastered surface. Variety
of distemper are available in the market. Such as acrylic distemper, synthetic
distemper, dry distemper etc. Acrylic distemper is washable and can be applied on
plaster, wall and asbestos. Synthetic and dry distemper are not washable.

Plastic paint: It is also called plastic emulsion paint or interior emulsion paint. It is
water base paint. This paint is durable and can be washed. They are available in
three categories -

Regular emulsion
Economy emulsion and
Premium emulsion
2. Exterior
Exterior paint must have weather resisting capability. It can be oil based or water
based. But oil based paint is not generally recommended for exterior painting.
Following types of exterior paint are available in market -

Cement paint- It is water based paint. It gives nice finish to newly constructed
building.

Acrylic emulsion- It has high capability to withstand against weathering impact. It
gives surface a nice and durable finish.

Textured plaster- It is also emulsion based paint. But the surface protection
capability of textured plaster is much better than other emulsion paint.
Painting adds exciting shades to your dream and your dream house without which your house
remains sober. When you plan for painting or re-painting of your house, it is recommended for you to
acquire through knowledge about the types of paints available for house painting. This will help you to
convey your painting picks successfully to the painting contractors and to the interior decorators.


Types of Paints for House Painting

House paints can be broadly categorized in to 2 types; interior paints and exterior paints. This
fundamental classification is based on the quality of the paint and its longevity.
Interior Paints
Distemper
This is the common type of paint sed for painting houses. This the most economical paint type. A
distemper is a water based paint and it has not got any special attributes when compared to other
types of paints. This is a commonly used one and it consists majorly of lime and chalk. The longevity
of a distemper is not guaranteed as it may get waded away in very few washes! There are limited
colors available in the distemper and the common ones are yellow, shell white, pink, green, blue and
white.
However an oil-bound Distemper paint will give you better finish when compared to water based one.
And it is an economic house paint too. To paint a surface around 500 sq.ft. with distemper will
approximately cost you Rs. 5000 only.
Lustre & Emulsion
Both Lustre and Emulsion are almost similar type of paints. These paints are solvent based and the
finish these paints give will look better than the Distemper. Using lustre and emulsion in house
painting will give a matt finish to the walls. These paints are to an extent, water resistant.
Using these solvent based paints for house painting will take longer time to get set and become dry.
These paints will also have strong odors when compared to other house paints. To paint a surface
around 500 sq.ft. With lustre paints will approximately cost you Rs. 6000 only! And emulsion will cost
you approximately Rs. 8000.
Enamel
This is the most expensive and a good quality paint used for house painting. This paint is purely oil
based and it will serve for longer period without getting peeled off. This paint will provide both glossy
and matt finishes to the wall. Enamel paints are water resistant and also stain resistant. As Enamel
paints are of high quality they considerably expensive when compared to other house paints. The
cost of the Enamel paint differs depending on their texture and variety.
Exterior Paints
Emulsion
As you have read already, this water based paint provides fine matt or gloss finish to the exterior of
the house. This is a recommended type of paint for house painting because it withstands severe
weather conditions and they are fungus proof.
Emulsion as house paints will provide lengthened new look to the house and the cost for painting a
200 sq.ft. Surface with emulsion will cost between Rs. 12, 000 Rs. 14, 000.
Cement
This is an expensive type of exterior paint used for house painting apart from emulsions. This will give
a raw and rich look to the house exteriors. This is again a water based paint and it is fungi and algae
resistant.cement paint is made with cements by adding various elements to it and the paint withstands
all type of weather conditions.


Construction of Sunken Slabs
Sunken slabs are used in the toilets, bathrooms and washing place where we have our
washing machines. The purpose of having a sunken slab is to conceal all the pipes
below the floor. Since the pipes that carry water are concealed below the floor, care has
to be taken to avoid leakage problems.
Method of construction of a Sunken Slab
The concrete of the R.C.C. (floor and sunken slab) should mixed with a
waterproofing material to get a denser, watertight concrete.
Then cement and waterproofing material should be diluted in water and splashed
onto the RCC sunken slab. Over that a layer of plaster should be provided using a
mortar plasticizer with the cement mortar.
Brick laying of walls and plastering (prior to tiling) of the walls and floor should be
done with cement mortar mixed with a mortar plasticizer.
Tile fixing for the floor and walls tiles should be done with non-shrink, waterproof
tile adhesives to make the tiled area waterproof.
Sanitary pipe joints should be sealed with sealants specially manufactured for
Sealing Sanitary joints firmly so that no water can leak through.



Frameless Door


Brick wall



A half brick thick brick wall
A brick wall which was
sometimes called a 4 inch
wall
A one brick thick brick wall
A 1 brick wall which was
sometimes called a 9 inch wall
A one and half brick thick
brick wall
A 1 brick wall which
was sometimes called a
14 inch wall



Stretcher Bond Brickwork


English Bond Brickwork






Flemish Bond Brickwork



Stretcher bond is one of the most common
bonds. It is easy to lay with little waste and
composed entirely of stretchers set in rows,
offset by half a brick
English bond is made up of alternating courses
of stretchers and headers. This produces a solid
wall that is a full brick in depth. English bond is
easy to lay and is the strongest bond for a one-
brick-thick wall.
Flemish bond is created by alternately laying
headers and stretchers in a single course. The
next course is laid so that a header lies in the
middle of the stretcher course below.
Lights
Cove lighting is a form of indirect lighting built into ledges, recesses, or valences in a ceiling or high
on the walls of a room. It directs light up towards the ceiling and down adjacent walls. It may be used
as primary lighting, or for aesthetic accent, especially to highlight decorative ceilings. Cove lighting is
valued because it hides the fixtures, and because it provides a very even, warm light.



Water fountain design
Cupboard design
Shoe rack design
Dressing table design
POP ceiling design

Beautiful-Stone-Tribal-Fountain-Landscape-Designs
Cove lighting

Thinset for the floor so water flows to the drain It is Portland cement powder with very fine
silica sand and becomes hard like concrete on mixing with water
http://www.nitcotiles.com/
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polyethylene high-density (PEHD) is
a polyethylene thermoplastic made from petroleum. Known for its large strength to density
ratio, HDPE is commonly used in the production of plastic bottles, corrosion-resistant piping,




Architectural Facade Lighting
Septic tank

If you are the owner of a large custom home, you will need architectural
faade lighting to bring out the full majesty of its form. Houston home
lighting specialists can illuminate your home with a variety of light sources
to showcase the architecture and surrounding landscape.
The strategy we follow for landscape lighting services is based upon a
synthesis of concealment and layering. We do not want the fixtures we use
to light your house exterior to show unless they are deliberately
manufactured to work as decorative adjuncts to architectural
keynotes. Instead, we want the light they emanate to constitute the design
itself.
In architectural faade lighting, this light must accent key features of your
homes architectural faade. Light layers must also occasionally blend with
other layers of light to create warm fields of luminance. Finally, shadows
also play a much more important role in Houston home lighting than you
may assume at first glance. Without interplay of light and shadow, the front
of your house would look flat if lit only by a single layer of bright light that
canvassed its entire surface with no variance.
If large oak trees are growing near the house, these, too, will play an
important supportive role in architectural faade lighting. Mercury vapor
tree lights create a dappled interplay of light and shadow that falls from the
trees and pools on the ground. Not only will it accent eaves and home
corners as it descends, but it will also provide much needed security
lighting that is always included in any Houston home lighting plan we
custom design for homeowners in our city.
If you have flower beds, shrubs, or even small trees growing in front of your
house, small halogen up lights, concealed in the planting area, will
gracefully illuminate the faade showing detail and relief. The warm tone of
the halogen lighting also enhances special elements such as limestone
frequently used by architects who specialize in custom home
lighting design.
When our Houston house lighting team does use noticeably visible fixtures
in architectural faade lighting, we often mount decorative gas lanterns on
either side of the front door. Many different lantern styles can be obtained
from our manufacturer sources that will accentuate the specific
architectural style of your home and frame your front door with a dancing
flicker and old school charm.
Small recessed down lights can be concealed in the overhang above the
front porch to cast another layer of attractive, yet also highly functional light
over its surface. If you choose to invest in a lighting control system, we can
connect these lights to dimmers so you can control the perfect amount of
light depending on the event or the mood.
If you have steps that ascend to a walkway that leads up to your front
porch, Houston home lighting designers can keep these areas bright and
safe with recessed step or path lights installed in the brick retaining walls
that lead up to the walkway. These lights let people see clearly where they
are walking, and they provide an additional touch of security lighting in front
of the home.
- See more at: http://www.illuminationslighting.com/architectural-
facade-up-lighting.htm#sthash.lqfAAOJd.dpuf

Pre Laminated Particle Board
http://www.archidply.com/
Applications Std. Thickness (mm): Standard Sizes:(ft)
Partitioning, Paneling, False
Ceiling, Cupboard Shutters,
Furniture, Panel Door inserts.
6, 9, 12, 18, 25 8x4, 8x6, 9x6, 9x3, 6x4, 6x3,
8x3, Combination size(ft) 9x4
& 9x2



Particle board, also known as particleboard and chipboard, is an engineered wood product
manufactured from wood chips, sawmill shavings, or even sawdust, and a synthetic resin or other
suitable binder, which is pressed and extruded. Particleboard is a composite material. Particleboard is
cheaper, denser and more uniform than conventional wood and plywood and is substituted for them
when appearance and strength are less important than cost. However, particleboard can be made
more attractive by painting or the use of wood veneers onto surfaces that will be visible.


















A pediment is an element
in classical, neoclassical and baro
que architecture, and derivatives
therefrom, consisting of a gable,
originally of a triangular shape,
placed above the horizontal
structure of the entablature,
typically supported by columns
Solar water
heater
Efflorescence or mottling appears as crusty, white salt deposits, leached
from mortar or masonry as water passes through.
What Causes It?
Efflorescence or mottling is caused by failing to adequately to
prepare the surface by removing all previous efflorescence or
when excess moisture escapes through the exterior masonry
walls from the inside.
How to Solve it
If excess moisture is the cause, eliminate the source by
repairing the roof, cleaning out gutters and downspouts, and
sealing any cracks in the masonry with a high-quality, water-
based all-acrylic or a siliconized acrylic caulk.
If moist air is originating inside the building, consider installing
vents or exhaust fans, especially in kitchen, bathroom, and
laundry areas.
Remove the efflorescence and all other loose material
with a wire brush, power brush, or power washer; then thoroughly rinse the surface. Apply a
quality water-based or solvent-based masonry sealer and allow it to dry completely; then
apply a coat of top-quality exterior house paint, masonry paint, or elastomeric wall coating.