Summary of The Scientific Paper

Geothermal as A Renewable Energy for Power Plant

In this Globalization era, The need of Energy is increasing significantly for
living daily activities including Electrical energy. Electrical energy is very
important for the people to run their life such as for Industrial, commercial and
household activities. As we know that electrical energy play a biggest role but the
sources of power plant that come from the unrenewable resources is limited.
The government has made efforts to seek renewable energy for switching
the fuel oil. There are so many natural resources that can be put to good use, one
of them is Geothermal Energy. Geothermal is a heating energy that formed below
the earths crust. The temperature under of the earths crust is increasing
accordance with the depth of earths layers. The temperature in the earth centre
approximately up to 5400
0
C. In according to the law chapter 1 No. 27 of 2003
concerning geothermal Geothermal is a heating energy that contained in hot
water, steam , rocks with the other associated minerals and another gaseous that
cannot be separated in the geothermal system that need a mining process for
usage.
Indonesia is the highest hydrothermal potency in the world with
geothermal resources over 17.000 MW. The usage of geothermal in Indonesia is
1.179 MW (4%) for power plant.
Geothermal energy is a primary energy, which from the nature such as
crude oil, earth gaseous, coal and water resources. This energy is still limited if we
compare with the world primary energy reserved.
Geothermal fluid has been released into the earth's surface containing the
heat energy that will be used to generate electrical energy. This is possible by a
hot fluid energy conversion system (geothermal power cycle) that altering the
thermal energy of the fluid into electrical energy.
Geothermal Power Plant (GPP) basically has the same principle as steam
power plant (power plant), only the power plant using the steam created in the
surface of the boiler, while the PTP steam coming from the geothermal reservoir.
If the fluid at the wellhead a vapor phase, the vapor can be streamed directly to the
turbine, and the turbine will then change the geothermal energy into energy of
motion that will turn a generator to produce electrical energy.
Many of the power generation system of the geothermal fluid has been
applied in the field, including:
1. The Direct Dry Steam
2. Separated Steam
3. Single Flash Steam
4. Double Flash Steam
5. Multi Flash Steam
6. Brine/Freon Binary Cycle
7. Combined Cycle
8. Well Head Generating Unit
Each energy has advantages and disadvantages. As for the advantage and
disadvantage of geothermal energy :
The advantage of Geothermal energy
1. Clean energy. Geothermal energy doesnt release the polutan. Reducing the
usage of emission can save the atmosphere
2. Not wasteful land. No need to cut down the forest
3. Reliable.
4. Flexible
5. Reduce spending a lot of money
6. develop the standard and quality of the society around the plant

The Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy
1. Geothermal plant will produce the H
2
S which can damage the machines
2. It can make the acid rain
3. There will be subsidence
4. The ground water will loose