Embedded Systems

The contemporary solutions of measurement and

instrumentation are based on dedicated computer
systems, and offer a wide variety of autonomous
services. These services include primarily data
acquisition, information processing, and control, but
there are several other additional mechanisms to
achieve high-quality overall performance. The
majority of such applications can be considered as
embedded systems due to the fact, that in addition to
the sensors and the actuators, also the dedicated
computer system components are invisibly
embedded into the hosting environment. The role of
these embedded systems is to measure or identify
the behaviour of their environment, which is
followed by some real-time computations to provide
proper characterization, influence and control.
The Department of Measurement and nformation
!ystems operates seven smaller laboratories wor"ing
on problems related to various "inds of embedded
systems, and hosts the #mbedded nformation
Technology $esearch %roup of the &ungarian
'cademy of !ciences and the (udapest )niversity
of Technology and #conomics.
Calibration Instruments Laboratory
Research interest: current, voltage, impedance
measurement, self-calibrating instruments,
calibration of instrument transformers, artificial
impedances.
Staff: stv*n +olt*n, associate professor, +olt*n
(enes,cz"y, 'ndr*s %-rg.nyi, (al*zs /argha,
senior lecturers, 0,zsef Dud*s, engineer, +olt*n
$om*n, and +solt !zepessy as PhD students.
Resources and infrastructure: D1-1alibrator, '1-
1alibrator, 1T-1alibrator, /T-1alibrator, !tandard
1Ts, mpedance 'nalyzer.
Major research and development projects:
The Department has a great tradition in research and
development of precision electrical measurements
and metrology including the complete innovation
process.
The main fields of the research activity2
1urrent, voltage, impedance and power
measurement
!elf-calibrating, self-correcting instruments
1alibration of instrument transformers
'rtificial impedances
!ince the appropriate reference standards did not
e3ist, or were not available, the high precision
instruments developed between 4567 and 4557
served mainly calibration purposes.
8rom the beginning of the 579s, the rapid
development of the analogue, digital and mi3ed
signal processing opened new possibilities in
instrumentation. Than"s to this advancing hardware
and software tools, the calibration functions of the
devices could be integrated into the measuring
instruments, and even the automatic self-correction
of the errors measured during the self-calibration
process became possible.
(ased on these methods the following typical errors
became manageable2
the errors of appro3imation
calculable errors
measurable errors
errors caused by influence quantities
thermal drift
Than"s to this approach the overall accuracy of the
instruments can be even 4777-times better than that
of the built-in components. This possibility basically
changes the principles of development of measuring
instruments.
8rom the beginning of the 579s, more and more :hD
students became involved in the research of self-
calibrating and self-correcting measuring
instruments in the following topics2
'rtificial impedances
!elf-calibrating amplifiers
1orrection of thermal dynamic errors
mpedance analysis
1alibration 'lgorithm for 1urrent-;utput
$-<$ =adders
1alibration of power measuring instruments
The self-calibrating and self-correcting measuring
instruments provide the possibility of low-cost and
efficient remote calibration via nternet, foreseeing
already the technology of the third millennium in
precision measurement and metrology.
The growing development-, manufacturing-,
mar"eting-, and after sales service requirements
related to the new, advanced calibration instruments
required a more appropriate organisation, thus in
455> the 1'=? #lectronics =td. was established.
:arallel to this, the co-operation with the
Department was successfully continued by 1'=?
#lectronics =td. 's a result of the common efforts,
in 4556 a new advanced generation of self-
calibrating and self-correcting measuring
instruments has been introduced to the international
mar"et. These instruments are used as national
standards and also for automatic calibration in
manufacturing of current and voltage transformers in
'ustria, (razil, #ngland, %ermany, &ungary,
$omania, and Taiwan.
Some recent products:
Figure ! nstrument Transformer 'nalyzer
composed of 4 ppm calibrator and programmable
high-power artificial impedance with 474@@<
settings
Figure "! 4 ppm !tandard 1urrent Transformer used
in the 7.AB.47777 ' current range
Figure #! !tandard 'dditional (urden for voltage
transformer calibration
Figure $! !tandard 1urrent Transformer for
calibration of watthour meters
%c&no'ledgement: The staff of the laboratory
wishes to e3press his appreciation to the former
contributors2 =*szl, !chnell, #ndre T,th, :.ter
;sv*th, %yula Cor*nyi, :.ter :ata"i, 8erenc ?agy,
+olt*n $eguly, =*szl, ?asz*dos, =*szl, %y-ngy,
#ri" (ohus.
Contact person:
stv*n +olt*n
izoltanDmit.bme.hu
www.mit.bme.huEFizoltanE

Selected publications:
4. +olt*n, ., G' Multi-8unction !tandard
nstrument for 1urrent Transformer
1alibration,H ;M=, (ulletin, /ol. III/, ?o.
@, ;ctober 455A, pp. <6-J<.
<. +olt*n, ., Gmpedanzsynthese,H Technisches
Messen K6 L<774M @, ;ldenbourg /erlag,
Munich, %ermany, pp. 4>5-464.
J. /argha, (. and . +olt*n, G1alibration
'lgorithm for 1urrent-;utput $-<$ =adders,H
### Trans. on nstrumentation and
Measurement, /ol. A7, ?o. A, ;ctober <774, pp.
4<4K-4<<7.
@. !zepessy, +s. and . +olt*n, GThermal Dynamic
Model of :recision Nire-Nound $esistors,H
### Trans. on nstrumentation and
Measurement, /ol. A4, ?o. A, ;ctober <77<, pp.
5J7-5J@.
(iomedical Engineering Laboratory
Research interest: electronic biomedical
instruments, biosignal processing, mar"er-based
movement analysis, home health monitoring.
www.mit.bme.huEFjobbagyEbiomed
Staff: O"os 0obb*gy, associate professor, 'ndr*s
%-rg.nyi, senior lecturers, C*roly (retz jr., PhD
student.
Education: (iomedical nstrumentation) #lectronic
Measuring #quipment, :roject =aboratory and
Thesis wor" for (iomedical nstrumentation.
Resources and infrastructure: passive mar"er-
based motion analysers2 :$M'! Lprecision JDM
and :'M Lsimple <DM, electronic biomedical
instruments2 L#1%, ::%, blood-pressure monitors,
pulmonary analyserM, battery operated Lscope
meters, hand-held DMMsM and bench-top electrical
instruments.
Major research and development projects:
Movement analysis2 GDevelopment of signal
processing algorithms to compensate the non-ideal
projection of passive mar"er-based motion
analysers,H financed by ?N; and ;TC'. L!ee2
www.mit.bme.huE
FjobbagyEpar"insonEpar"inson.htm,
FjobbagyEcdre"lamEMar"erbasedma.htmlM
Diagnosis and staging of patients with neural
diseases is challenging, especially in the early phase.
:assive mar"er-based motion analysis helps the
objective assessment providing information about
the movement of body segments during well-defined
hand- and finger movements.
Ne developed different feature e3traction methods
to evaluate the movement and thus the actual
performance of the tested persons. These tests help
in the early diagnosis of :ar"inson9s disease as well
as in setting the appropriate medication of patients.
;ur tests confirmed that :ar"inson9s disease
manifests itself uniquely in the movement disorders
of a patient. A simple and cheap image-based
motion analyser (PAM) has been developed at the
Department that is affordable for routine clinical
use. Ne offer also the programs that evaluate the
performance of tested persons, ta"ing into account
the regularity and the speed of the movements.
*artners: #. &ans 8urn.e, T) Delft, :.ter &arcos,
!zt. mre &ospital, #mil Monos, !emmelweis
)niversity, %*bor 8aze"as, !zt. 0*nos &ospital,
;;$.
Figure +! Mar"er trajectories during the finger-
tapping test. :erformance of the right and left hand
of a healthy subject LaboveM and a newly diagnosed
:ar"insonian LbelowM.
,ome health monitoring: -'rtificial patient and
model in medical informatics,H financed by 8C8:,
and G&ome health monitoring,H financed by ;TC'.
Norld life e3pectancy more than doubled over the
past two centuries, a further increase is estimated.
?ational health care systems should be
accommodatedP the prevalence rates of many
diseases substantially change over age. The average
medical e3penditure per person is significantly
higher for the elderly than for younger people.
Ceeping the healthiness of the population can be
helped by home health monitoring. Many diseases
can be treated more effectively and at a lower cost if
early signs are detected.
n &ungary cardiovascular diseases are the leading
cause of death, being responsible for about half of
the deaths Qwww.bel<.sote.huEhipertoniaR. t is
estimated that J7S of the &ungarian population has
hypertonia, above age KA this ratio increases to
appro3imately KAS. Diagnosis in the early stage
would ma"e it possible to start medication and
treatment to prevent the deterioration of the patients.
The presently e3isting blood-pressure meters either
require trained operator or do not assure accurate
measurement. 'utomatic and semi-automatic blood-

pressure meters are simple-to-use thus widespread in
home health monitoring. &owever, their results are
not accurate and reproducible enough, the reliability
of self-assessment is not satisfactory, medical
doctors have reservations for the results. The best
grade L'M in the (ritish &ypertension !ociety
standard allows @7S of the results deviate from the
reference by more than A &gmm, 4AS of the results
by more than 47 &gmm and AS of the results by
more than 4A &gmm. The aim of our research wor"
has been to increase the accuracy and
reproducibility of the indirect, cuff-based blood
pressure measurement with the help of the
photoplethysmographic L::%M signal. ' method has
been developed to measure the systolic and diastolic
pressure and not the mean pressure as it is done
while using the oscillometric method. ' patient
monitoring device is being developed that is able to
store daily physiological measurement results Lblood
pressure, 47-s #1% recordingM for < months. The
device is also able to analyse the recorded data and
request help if needed via mobile phone.
*artners: %*bor &al*sz LBUTE, Faculty of
Mechanical Eng.M, M*r" Collai L!emmelweis
)niversityM.
Contact person:
O"os 0obb*gy
jobbagyDmit.bme.hu
www.mit.bme.huEFjobbagyE
Selected publications:
4. 0obb*gy, O., =. %y-ngy, #. Monos,
GTuantitative evaluation of long-term locomotor
activity of rats,H ### Trans. on nstrumentation
and Measurement, /ol. A4, ?o. <, 'pr. <77<,
pp. J5J-J5>.
<. 0obb*gy, O, #.&. 8urn.e, :. &arcos, M.
T*rczy., G#arly detection of :ar"inson9s disease
through automatic movement evaluation,H ###
#ngineering in Medicine and (iology Magazine,
/ol. 4>, ?o. <, March-'pr. 4556, pp. 64-66.
J. 0obb*gy, O, G:hotoplethysmographic !ignal
'ids ndirect (lood-:ressure Measurement,H
:roc. of M#D1;? <774, I. Mediterranean
1onf. on Medical and (iological #ngineering
and 1omputing, 4<-4A 0une <774, :ula, 1roatia,
pp. <K<-<K@.
Computer .et'or&s Laboratory
Research interest2 communication of embedded
systems, sensor networ"ing, real-time and
distributed communications, quality of service,
wireless networ"ing.
http2EEwww.mit.bme.huEprojectsEiiensor
Staff2 1saba T,th, senior lecturer, Tam*s
Cov*csh*zy lecturer, =*szl, C*d*r and (al*zs
!cherer research assistants.
Education2 Multimedia Networing, !nformatics,
Pro"ect #a$oratory and Thesis wors for #mbedded
!ystems.
Resources and infrastructure2 two laboratories,
:1-based development systems for :1 L6 bitM and
'$M LJ< bitM micro-controllers, a sample networ"
of voice over : telephony Lmade by !iemensM,
### 67<.44bg wireless networ", %igabit #thernet
1luster, 47E477(ase-T networ"ing components
including switches, routers, firewalls etc.
Major research and development projects:
/igabit Ethernet Cluster: Nor"pac"age of ?#IT
TT' U &igh 1onfidence 'rchitecture for Distributed
1ontrol 'pplications, #) !T-<774-J<444
:rogramme.
http2EEwww.mit.bme.huEprojectsEisensorE?#IT
The %igabit wor"pac"age e3plored the achievable
performance and the limitations and bottlenec"s of a
TT' networ" composed of commercial off-the-shelf
high-end state-of-the-art hardware components. n
The objective of ?#IT TT' project was to develop,
Figure 0! ?etwor" =aboratory .
L?#IT TT' %igabit #thernet 1lusterM
and implement novel algorithms, tools, and
components to provide a generic architecture for
safety-critical applications in different application
domains Le.g., aerospace, automotive, and railway
applicationsM. ?#IT TT' project was an integration
of many different problem solutions that have been
e3plored independently over many years in different
research institutions.
The %igabit wor"pac"age e3plored the achievable
performance and the limitations and bottlenec"s of a
TT' networ" composed of commercial off-the-shelf
high-end state-of-the-art hardware components. n
particular, the wor"pac"age set-up a TT' cluster
consisting of ordinary :1s, which are the nodes of
the cluster, and a %igabit #thernet serving as the
interconnection networ". 'll the components could
be purchased at the V ne3t door computer shopV.
;ur wor"pac"age implemented a Nindows-based
host for this TT' cluster, and analysed the whole
system by measuring its performance and attributes.
Industrial application of modern info1
communications technology LCT' 4K@E<777 U
!ponsored by the &ungarian Ministry of #ducation.M
1o-operation with /#$T#!+ Cft.
http2EEwww.mit.bme.huEprojectsEisensorECT'<777
During the last five years a remar"able spreading of
high-level communication technologies, principally
the #thernet and internet, was noticeable in the
embedded system mar"et. 's a result, most of the
leading embedded system manufacturers have
started offering solutions to connect their devices
into T1:E: protocol based computer networ"s,
unfortunately, using non-standard protocols in the
application layer.
The goal of this project was to review the applicable
internet protocols and system architectures, to
describe a solution for developing networ" capable
smart sensors and actuators, with good system
integration ability.
Figure 2! ?etwor" =aboratory .
http2EErten.mit.bme.huEprojectsEisensorE111<77J
Ne have developed an !?M:-based pseudo ?1':
Lbased on ### 4@A4M providing a transducer
independent networ" accessible interface, useable to
formalise the control of devices with different
functions.
http2EErten.mit.bme.huEprojectsEisensorEMT1<77J
Contact person:
1saba T,th
tothDmit.bme.hu
http2EEwww.mit.bme.huEFtothE
Selected publications:
4. 1s. T,th, (. !cherer, =. C*d*r, T. (a",2
mplementation possibilities of networ"ed smart
transducers, 111 <77J, nternational
1arpathian 1ontrol 1onference, Tatrans"a
=omnica, !lova" $epublic, <K-<5 May <77J,
pp. 456-<74.
<. (. !cherer, 1s. T,th, T. Cov*csh*zy., (.
/argha2 !?M:-(ased 'pproach to !calable
!mart Transducer ?etwor"s, MT1 <77J, ###
nstrumentation and Measurement Technology
1onference, /ail, 1olorado, )!', <7-<< May
<77J, pp. ><4-><A.
J. Tam*s Cov*csh*zy, $,bert !zab,,
:erformance Measurement Tool for :ac"et
8orwarding Devices, <774 ###
nstrumentation and Measurement Technology
1onference MT1 <774, (udapest, &ungary,
<774, /ol. <., pp. 6K7-6KJ,
@. T. :.ter, 1s. T,th, Tuality of !ystem
Monitoring in a 1omple3 nternet !ervice
:rovider - 1ase study. ### nternational
1onference on ntelligent #ngineering !ystems
L?#!W55M, !lova"ia, ?ov. 4-J, 4555, pp. K<5-
KJJ.
Logic 3esign Laboratory
Research interest: digital system design, high level
synthesis, advanced signal and image processing
architectures, embedded microprocessor systems,
dynamically reconfigurable computers, and system
on a programmable chip implementations.
Staff: (.la 8eh.r) %*bor &orv*th, associate
professors, =Xrinc 'ntoni, research assistant, :.ter
!z*nt, PhD student.
Education: The laboratory has a central role in the
practical education of the students of the #mbedded
!ystems (ranch. ;ur open laboratory policy ma"es
the lab to a familiar wor"ing place not only for the
curricula lectures, but also for the elaboration of the
particular student ideas as well. !ubjects related to
the laboratory are Digital Technique, =ogic Design,
Microprocessor !ystems, Design of !o:1s by
8:%'s, student project and thesis wor"s.
Resources and infrastructure: The laboratory is
equipped with 4< :1s, configured as N<777
wor"stations. 'll important design softwareWs are
available in the laboratory, including the Iilin3 !#
and #DC 8:%' development system, the Matlab
#nvironment, the Mentor %raphics Model!im,
8:%' 'dvantage, !ystem/ision, !eamless and
1elo3ica &andel-1 tools. Te"troni3 T:' >77 =' or
'$M Multi1# D# development boards from
Digilent and I#!! are also available.
Major research and development projects: The
=ogic Design laboratory is the centre of the
departmentWs research wor" for the design of
comple3 digital systems, with emphasis on the
application of 8:%'s and e3ploitation of the re-
configurability. !ignificant results were achieved
with the application of 8:%'s in the field of digital
signal processing. Different basic linear 8$ and $
filter structures, D!: core generators, and efficient
finite word and distributed arithmetic building
bloc"s were developed Q4R. (ased on special
recursive algorithm, high performance 4D and <D
linear transform modules LN&T, D1TM were
implemented in an area optimized way Q<R. !imilar
methods were used later to implement nonlinear
median filters as well, for high speed video signal
processing. 1urrent research is focused on 8:%'
implementation of advanced JD rendering
algorithms for portable applications with
reconfigurable computing architectures QJR.
Figure 4! @6 tap, 4K bit 8$ filter in a A" gates
8:%'

Figure 5! =;%!Y!-(=;I#! 8:%' #ducational
(oard
!ignificant wor" has been done to offer a modular
8:%'E:=D development board family for the
students, called =;%!Y!-(=;I#!. Three levels of
boards has been made, supporting the different
needs of the education in the basic, entry level logic
design, and later on the implementation of more
comple3 D!: and communication units and system
on a chip development and verification. ' simple,
standardized )!(-based debugger, control and
power interface is also provided with a rich set of
interesting peripheral interface modules.
)nique property of dynamic reconfiguration LD$1M
capability of some !$'M technology based 8:%'s
ma"es possible very special applications, for
e3ample the dependability and fault tolerance
analyses of comple3 digital systems. D$1 is used to
inject !ingle #vent )pset L!#)M or stuc"-at-4 Lor 7M
li"e errors into the logic and evaluate the behaviour
in real time Q@R. This research was done in
cooperation with :rof. $.gis =eveugle, TM',
8rance. #fficient arithmetic modules were also
developed e3ploiting the D$1, in frame of the
national 8C8: project $e-configurable 1omputing
'rchitectures L7@4JE455>M. :artners were )niversity
of /eszpr.m and )niversity of Mis"olc. The =ogic
Design =aboratory also serves as a Technology
#3pertise 1enter LT#1M in different national and #1
projects. t offers consultation
and design services for !M#s
interested in advanced
embedded system design
methodologies. The #1 funded
8:A technology transfer project
0#?#T L0oint #uropean ?etwor" of #mbedded
nternet Technologies, !T !T-<777-<6@<<M is a
good e3ample of these activity. 0#?#T is promoting
the use of the new communication capabilities in
industrial applications, specifically the embedded
Figure 6! 0#?#T presentation,
Magyar $egula, <77J.
internet technology in products and systems
developed by #uropean enterprises. 0#?#Tis carried
out by a networ" of > T#1s and <> )ser 1ompanies
L)1sM from (elgium, %ermany, &ungary, taly,
:oland, $omania and )nited Cingdom. =ocal
partner !M#s are nfoware 1o., Meldetechni" =td.,
!ile3 =td., and the project coordinator is 1$$, taly.
More information2 http2EEwww.eurojenet.com.
Contact *erson:
(.la 8eh.r
feherDmit.bme.hu
http2EEwww.mit.bme.huEFfeherE
Selected publications:
4. 8eh.r, (., G#fficient !ynthesis of
Distributed /ector Multipliers,H 0ournal of
Microprocessors and Microprogramming, /ol.
J6. ?o. 4-A. 455J.
<. 8eh.r, (., G ?ew nner :roduct 'lgorithm
of the <D D1T,H Digital /ideo 1ompression2
'lgorithm and Technologies, :roc. !:#, /ol.
<@45. !(? 7-645@-4>KK-4.
J. !zant,, :. and (. 8eh.r, GJD $endering
using 8:%'s,H 8: nternational 1onference on
/=! !;1, December 4-J, <77J Darmstadt,
%ermany.
@. 'ntoni, =., $. =eveugle, (. 8eh.r, G)sing
run-time reconfiguration for fault injection
applications,H ### Trans. on nstrumentation
and Measurement, /ol. A<, ?o. A, ;ctober <77J.
3igital Signal *rocessing Laboratory
Research interest: !ignal modelling, adaptive
signal processing, digital filter structures, transform-
domain signal processing. !ignal processing in
comple3 measurement systems.
Staff: =*szl, !ujbert, =*szl, ?asz*dos senior
lecturers, (al*zs (an", research assistant, C*roly
Moln*r PhD. student. :art-time contributors2 %*bor
:.celi, professor, Tam*s Dab,czi, associate
professor, %yula !imon, senior lecturer.
Education: #mbedded systems laboratory,
nformation systems laboratory, :roject laboratory.
Resources and infrastructure:
D!: development boards L'nalog Devices,
Motorola, Te3as nstrumentsM
/ibro-acoustic transducers, signal
conditioners L(rZel[CjaerM
Digital storage scopes, spectrum analyzers,
special generators L=e1roy, &:M
Major research and development projects:
%ctive noise control is an old idea for acoustic
noise suppression, but it could be implemented only
since the advent of digital signal processors. The
solution is based on the destructive interference
phenomenon. Ne have developed a dedicated
method for suppressing periodic noise components.
The method is the e3tension of the resonator-based
observer developed also at the department. The
advantages of the resonator-based noise controller
are its fast convergence Lcompared to other
methodsM and its low computational burden. (ased
on the e3periences with the resonator-based periodic
noise controller, we have developed a modification
of the well-"nown filtered-I =M! algorithm
Figure ! Typical performance of an active noise
control system
allowing faster convergence for broadband noise
control, as well. %rants, international relations2
;TC'2 'coustic applications of digital
signal processing, 8 7JA7K7
T:D-T?; Delft, the ?etherlands
http2EEwww.tpd.tno.nl
3igital sound synthesis of musical instruments has
been acclaimed at the department in the last years. t
needs very precise measurements and poses serious
signal processing problems. The results achieved in
this field can be utilized generally, e.g. in system
identification or in filter design. Ne have
successfully synthesized the sound of organ, violin
and piano. Most of research results were achieved
for piano sound synthesis, where the digital
waveguide model has been improved. %rants,
international relations2
;TC'2 'coustic applications of digital signal
processing, 8 7JA7K7
M;!'$T &: Lmproving &uman :otentialM
Training ?etwor", &:$?-1T-<777-7744A
http2EEwww.di"u.d"Efors"ningEmusinfEmosart
&elsin"i )niversity of Technology, =aboratory
of 'coustics and 'udio !ignal :rocessing
http2EEwww.acoustics.hut.fi
)niversity of :adua, Department of nformation
#ngineering http2EEwww.dei.unipd.it
;ne of our latest industrial projects is development
of a 3S*1based system for in1motion 'eighing of
rail'ay carriages! t is a two-level system that
comprises of 4K or <@ D!:-based Measurement
)nits LM)M and a powerful &;!T :1. The M)s
store the deformation signals of the rail caused by
Figure "! Transfer function measurement of a
violin body
the wheels of an in-motion train. The deformation is
measured by strain gauges. 'D converters sample
the signal of the strain gauge bridge, and this signal
is processed at the D!:. The &;!T collects the
stored data, and a large database is built for each
train.
Contact person:
=*szl, !ujbert
sujbertDmit.bme.hu
www.mit-bmeEFsujbertE
Selected publications:
4. !ujbert, =., and %. :.celi, G!ignal model
based periodic noise controller design,H
Measurement - the 0ournal of the M#C;, vol.
<7, ?o. <, pp. 4JA-4@4.
<. =. !ujbert, G' new filtered =M! algorithm
for active noise control,H :roc. of the 'ctive 955
- The nternational #'' !ymposium on 'ctive
1ontrol of !ound and /ibration, Dec. <-@, 4555,
8ort =auderdale, 8lorida, )!', pp. 4474-4447.
J. (an", (., and /esa /\lim\"i, V=obust =oss
8ilter Design for Digital Naveguide !ynthesis
of !tring Tones,V ### !ignal :rocessing
=etters, vol. 47, ?o. 4, pp. 46-<7, 0an. <77J.
Chaotic Signals and Systems
Laboratory
Research interest: 1haotic communication
systems, analysis and computer simulation of data
communication systems, frequency synthesis, phase-
loc"ed loop. http2EEwww.mit.bme.huEresearchEchaosE
Staff: %.za Columb*n, associate professor, %*bor
Cis, +olt*n 0*",, research assistants, +olt*n !zab,,
(.la 8rigyi", PhD students.
Education: #lectronics and , Theory and
'pplications of ?onlinear Theory and 1haos L:hD
courseM, !ystem =evel Design and 'nalysis. :roject
=aboratory wor"s and M! Theses.
Resources and infrastructure: =inu3-based :1s.
Major research and development projects:
3evelopment and analysis of novel signal
processing architectures for system1on1a1chip
7SoC8 integrated circuits, T7J676J, financed by
;TC' L<77<-<77AM.
The project has been launched to find new
transceiver and frequency synthesizer configurations
for communication and measurement purposes.
*artners: :rof. %. 1hen L1ity )niversity of &ong
CongP :rofs. 1.M. =au and 1.C. Tse, The &ong
Cong :olytechnic )niversity.
Innovative signal processing e9ploiting chaotic
dynamics 7I.S*EC:8) #sprit :roject J447J, ;pen
=T$ U <
nd
phase, 8inanced by #uropean
1ommission, 4556-<774.
http2EEwww.cordis.luEespritEsrcEJ447J.htm,
http2EEwww.mit.bme.huEresearchEchaosEinspectE
1haotic signals are inherently wideband signals that
can be generated with high power efficiency using
simple nonlinear circuits in any frequency band and
at arbitrary power level. n chaotic communications,
the digital information to be transmitted is mapped
directly into a wideband chaotic waveform. 1haotic
communication offers a low cost alternative solution
to conventional spread spectrum communication.
!even #uropean universities collaborated in the
?!:#1T #sprit :roject to find applications for
chaotic signals in communication and watermar"ing
of digital pictures. The 1haotic !ystems Team
coordinated the research and implementation of a
wor"ing prototype of frequency-modulated chaos-
shift "eying L8M-D1!CM communication system.
Ne have invented 8M-D1!C Lthe most robust
chaotic modulation schemeM, derived e3act
e3pressions for the noise performance of correlator-
based chaotic modulation schemes, developed an
ultra fast computer simulator to evaluate the system
performance of digital communication systems
under various channel conditions, elaborated the
system proposal and determined the system level
parameters for the ?!:#1T 8M-D1!C chaotic
data communications system.
The ?!:#1T 8M-D1!C radio shown in 8ig 4J
operates in the <.@-%&z !M band and was
successfully tested in <774. To illustrate its e3cellent
multipath performance, the bit error rate L(#$M
curves of conventional differential phase-shift
"eying LD:!CM and chaotic 8M-D1!C are
compared in 8ig. 4@. 'lthough the single-ray
performance of 8M-D1!C is worse than that of
D:!C, in the indoor multi-path channels the D:!C
fails completely Lsee dash-dotted curveM while 8M-
D1!C has only a @-d( loss in the system
performance Lsee dashed and dotted curvesM.
;ur direct partner in the ?!:#1T :roject was :rof.
M.:. Cennedy, )niversity 1ollege Dublin.
Spread spectrum communication e9ploiting
chaos, ;ffice of ?aval $esearch L;?$M, )!',
455A-455K.
Figure $. (#$ curves of conventional D:!C and
chaotic 8M-D1!C in a single-ray additive white
%aussian noise L'N%?M channel Lsolid and dashed,
respectivelyM and in an indoor multi-path channel
Ldash-dotted and dotted, respectively.
The goal of this project was to propose an
underwater chaotic communication scheme for the
submarines of )! ?avy. n the project we have
elaborated a comprehensive theory for chaotic
waveform communications.
*artners: :rof. =.;. 1hua, )niversity of 1alifornia,
(er"eley, and :rof. M.:. Cennedy, )niversity
1ollege Dublin.
Contact person:
%.za Columb*n,
"olumbanDmit.bme.hu
www.mit.bme.huEF"olumbanE
Selected publications:
4. Columb*n, %., M.:. Cennedy, +. 0*", and %.
Cis, G1haotic communications with correlator
receiver2 Theory and performance limits,H
invited paper in :roceedings of the ###, vol.
57, pp. >44->J<, May <77<.
<. Cennedy M.:., and %. Columb*n, guest editors,
!pecial ssue on G?oncoherent 1haotic
1ommunications,H ### Trans. 1ircuits and
!yst. , vol. @>, pp. 4KK4-4>J<, December <777.
J. Columb*n, %., M.:. Cennedy and =.;. 1hua,
GThe role of synchronization in digital
communications using chaos,H ### Trans.
1ircuits and !yst. , :art 2 G8undamentals of
digital communications,H @@L47M2 5<>-5JK,
;ctober 455>P :art 2 G1haotic modulation and
chaotic synchronization,H @AL44M2 44<5-44@7,
?ovember 4556P :art 2 G:erformance
bounds,H @>L4<M2 4K>J-4K6J, December <777.
@. %. Columb*n, GTheoretical noise performance
of correlator-based chaotic communications
schemes,H ### Trans. 1ircuits and !yst. , vol.
@>, pp. 4>7<-4>44, December <777.
A. %. Columb*n, GThe theory and implementation
of a robust chaotic digital communications
system,H invited tal" at <77J Microwave
!ymposium Nor"shop, ### nternational
Microwave !ymposium, :hiladelphia, )!',
0une <77J.
www.ims<77J.orgEtechnicalEwor"shopE
NM'.htm
Figure #! :icture of the <.@-%&z 8M-D1!C prototype receiver built in the framewor" of ?!:#1T #sprit
:roject.
System Identification Laboratory
Research interest: identification of linear systems,
parameter estimation, !!;EMM; modelling,
effect of nonlinear disturbances, signal reconstruct-
tion using "nown measurement system models
Linverse filteringM.
Staff: stv*n Coll*r, professor, Tam*s Dab,czi,
associate professor, %yula !imon, senior lecturer,
0,zsef ?.meth, research assistant, =*szl, (alogh,
0*nos M*r"us, (al*zs /-dr-s, PhD students, +olt*n
(ilau, graduate student.
Education: Digital signal processing, !ystem
identification, #mbedded systems, :roject
=aboratory, and Diploma thesis design.
Major research and development projects:
Identification in the Fre;uency 3omain
The close cooperation between our department, and
the Department #=#1 at the /rije )niversiteit
(russel, (elgium Lhttp2EEwwwtw.vub.ac.beEelecEM, is
continuous since 4565. ;ne of the major results of
this cooperation is the 8requency Domain !ystem
dentification Toolbo3 for M'T='(. The
peculiarity of the frequency domain methods is that
they solve the ma3imum li"elihood equations in the
frequency domain, ma"ing it possible to fully
e3ploit the advantages of harmonic e3citations.
'n important step in identification is the validation
of the results. Ne always have to chec" whether the
result really satisfies our requirements, is in no
contradiction with the preliminary assumptions, and
corresponds to the data. ' program can only offer
tools for this purpose2 the validation itself is the tas"
of the person who performs the identification.
The toolbo3 effectively uses the following advanced
M'T='( tools2
graphical user interface,
automatic procedures, and
data structures.
The investigated system can be anything from
electrical systems Lfilters, machinesM to mechanical
systems Lairplanes, cars, robot armM and acoustical
systems Lairplane cabin, loudspea"erM, etc.
The toolbo3 is now in use throughout the world.
=inear modelling is currently being e3tended to
characterize slight nonlinear distortions, and to
model multiple input U multiple output systems.
Inverse filtering
The accuracy of time domain waveform
measurements is limited by the finite bandwidth of
the measurement instrument. This means that high
frequency components of the signal will be
suppressed and the phase of the different frequency
components will be modified. The result is a
Figure +! 1ompare and #valuate Models
window of the %) of the fdident toolbo3
distorted waveformP the fast changes of the signal
are rounded, rapid transitions are stretched out.
Digital post-processing of the measured data can
improve the result. This is called inverse filtering.
This problem is usually ill-posed, that is, small
changes in the measured output signal cause large
fluctuations in the estimation of the input signal.
Different inverse filtering techniques provide
different approaches to suppress the amplified noise
without significantly distorting the useful signal.
!uccessful applications of inverse filtering2
&igh voltage lightning measurements2
compensating the distortion of high voltage
dividers. 1ooperating party2 !wiss 8ederal
nstitute of Technology, +Zrich, !witzerland,
&igh /oltage =aboratory
1alibration of ultra high-speed oscilloscopes.
1ooperating party2 ?ational nstitute of
!tandards and Technology, ?!T, )!'
$estoration the sound of old movies, "ept on
film
Figure 0! Measured and reconstructed high voltage
lightning impulses
Figure 0! &igh voltage lightning impulse
measurement setup
&igh voltage generator, chopping gap and high
voltage dividers U &/ laboratory of the #T& +Zrich
Recent Research /rants:
;TC' L&ungarian !cientific $esearch 8undM, ?!T
L?ational nstitute of !tandards and Technology,
)!'M, &ungarian Ministry of #ducation.
Contact persons:

stv*n Coll*r Tam*s Dab,czi
"ollarDmit.bme.hu dabocziDmit.bme.hu
www.mit.bme.huEF"ollarE ...EFdabocziE
Selected publications:
4. 8DD#?T L4555-<77JM, 8requency Domain
!ystem dentification Toolbo3 DevelopersW
:age. http2EEelec.vub.ac.beEfdidentE
<. Coll*r, ., $. :intelon, Y. $olain, 0. !chou"ens,
and %y. !imon, G8requency Domain !ystem
dentification Toolbo3 8or M'T='(2
'utomatic :rocessing U 8rom Data To Models.H
8'1 !ymposium on !ystem dentification,
!Y!D <77J, 'ug. <77J, $otterdam.
J. Dab,czi, T., . Coll*r, %y. !imon, and T.
Megyeri, G&ow to Test %raphical )ser
nterfaces]H ### nstrumentation and
Measurement Magazine, /ol. K, ?o. J, pp. <>-
JJ, !ep. <77J.
@. Deyst, 0. :., ?. %. :aulter, T. Dab,czi, %. ?.
!tenbac"en, T. M. !ouders, V' 8ast :ulse
;scilloscope 1alibration !ystem,V ### Trans.
on nstrumentation and Measurement, /ol. @>,
?o. A, pp. 47J>-47@4, 4556.