12 21 11 RCA Roberts Oppos To MTN For New Trial 2064 22176 60838

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I THE SECOND JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT OF THE STATE ot NEVADA
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I AND FOR THE COUNTY OF WASHOE
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ZACHARY BARR COUGHLIN,
Appellant,
vs.
CITY OF RNO,
Respondent.
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APPEAL PROCEEDINGS FROM MUNICIPAL'S COURT
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1 Document Code 1375
Reno Municipal Court
2 P,O, Box 1900
Reno,Nevada 89505
3 775 334-2290
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ORIGINAL
IN THE SECOND JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT OF THE STATE OF NEVADA
IN AND FOR THE COUNTY OF WASHOE
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ZACHARY BARKER COUGHLIN,
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APPEALLANT,
8
v, RMC Case No. IICR22176
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CITY OF RENO, Dept. No.4
RESPONDENT.
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CERTIFIED COPY OF DOCKET
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September 14, 2011: Criminal Complaint fled charging Defendant with Petit
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Larceny,
September 14,2011: Arrest Report and Declaration of Probable Cause
October 10,2011: Notice of Setting Bench Trial date of November 14, 2011.
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October 18,2011: Notice of Availability of Discovery and Request for Reciprocal
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Discovery,
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October26, 2011: Application and Affidavit for Appointment of Legal Defender.
October26, 2011: Motion to Continue November 14, 2011, tial date.
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October27, 2011: Order Denying Appointment of Legal Defender.
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October27,2011: Order Denying Motion to Continue November 14, 2011, trial date.
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November 3, 2011: Motion for Reconsideration, Motion to Vacate or Set Aside
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(under Rule 59 and or 60) Order Denying Right to Counsel and Motion to Dismiss,
November 15,2011: Notice of Setting Bench Trial date of November 30, 2011.
26
November29, 2011: Subpoena Duces Tecum filed by Defendant Coughlin,
8ENO
MUN1LFALUU81
F.O Bx 19110
Rnu,NV895|I5
(775)JJ42J99
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November 30, 2011: Notice of Appearance, Motion for Continuance, Etc,
November 30, 2011: Trial was held in this matter. Present on behalf of the City was
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Sixty ($360.00)
^1
MUNLlFALLUU81
?M Bz(00
Rtuu.NVIYSlIS
(71) J3-211)
Pam Roberts and Defendant appeared pro per. The Court found the defendat guilty of Petit
Larceny, a violation of RMC 08.10.040. The Defendant was sentenced as follows:
Three Hundred and fine.
November 30, 2011: Judgment of Conviction and Court Order
November 30,2011: Order For Summary Punishent of Contempt Committed in the
Immediate View and Presence of the Court.
December 13, 2011: Notice of Appeal, Motion to Vacate ad or Set Aside, JCRCP
59, JCRCP 60, Motion for Reconsideration; Motion for Recusal.
December 13, 2011: Record Request by Defendant Coughlin.
December 13, 2011: Record Request by Defendant Coughlin.
December 14, 2011: Financial Inquiry Application and Motion to Proceed Informa
Pauperis.
December 15, 2011: Order denying Defendant's Motion to Proceed In Forma
Pauperis, Motion for Publication of Transcript at Public Expense, Motion to Vacate andlor Set
Aside, Motion for Reconsideration and Motion for Recusal.
December 15, 2011: Notice of Denial of Service filed by Reno City Attorey.
December 16, 2011: Defendant Coughlin's Supplemental to Notice of Appeal,
Motion to Vacate and or Set Aside, JCRCP 59, JCRCP 60, Motion for Reconsideration;
Motion for Recusal; Motion to Strike.
December 16, 2011: Defendant Coughlin's Notice of Denial of Service; Opposition
City of Reno's Notice of Denial of Service; Request for Clarification Regarding Deadline for
Filing Motion for new Trial, Other tolling Motions, etc., Application for Deferral or Waiver of
court Fees and Cost.
December 16, 2011: Court Order ordering Defendant Coughlin fom communicating
via e-mail with Judge Howard and court staf.
December 16, 2011: Defendant Coughlin'S Notice of Denial of Service; Opposition
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Filing Motion For New Trial, Other Tolling Motions, etc; APPLICATION FOR DEFERRAL
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OR WAIVER OF COURT FEES AND COSTS.
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December 16, 2011:
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Motion to Vacate and or Set Aside, JCRCP 59, JCRCP 60, Motion for Reconsideration;
Motion for Recusal; Motion to Strike.
6
December 19,2011: Defendant Coughlin's Notice of Denial of Service; Opposition
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Filing Motion For New Trial, Other Tolling Motions, etc; APPLICATION FOR DEFERRAL
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OR WAIVER OF COURT FEES AND COST.
December21,2011: Reno City Attorey's Opposition to Motion for New Trial.
Defendant Coughlin's Supplemental To Notice of Appeal,
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Dated this 22n
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day of December, 20 II.
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Kenneth R. Howard, Judge
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8hO
MUhlLUALLOU8T
PO Bu, IIII)
8cnr NV895t|5
(775)JJ4I290
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ThisJ1
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CERTIFICATE OF TRANSMITTAL OF COMPLETE RECORD ON APPEAL
I, CASSANDRA JACKSON, Interim Court Administrator of the Reno Municipal
Court, do hereby certit that the attached documents include fll, tue and correct copies of all
papers relating to Case Number llCR22176, including a Certified Copy of Docket. Further,
said documents have been transmitted to and filed with the clerk of the Washoe County
District Court. d
Dated this>d
Jl
day of December, 2011.
SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN BEFORE ME
day of Dee er, 2011.
B
UNICFAL1UU8T
FU.x I||0
8tao.hV89M^
(5)JJ427|
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1
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
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Pursuant to NRCP 5(b), I certif that I d an employee of the Reno Municipal Court,
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Reno, Nevada, and that on this date I served a true and correct copy of the foregoing
document, CERTIFIED COPY OF DOCKET on the party(ies) set forth below:
5
.
Placing said document in a sealed envelope placed for collecting and mailing
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in the United States mail, at Reno, Nevada, postage prepaid, following ordinary
7 business practices.
Facsimile (FAX).
8
Reno/Carson Messenger Service.
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Federal Express or other overight delivery.
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. Inner
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office mail following ordinary business practices.
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Personal Delivery.
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City Attorey's Office Mr. Zachary Barker Coughlin
P.O. Box 1900 817 N. Virginia Street, #2
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Reno, Nevada 89509 Reno, Nevada 89501
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Dated this day of December, 2011.
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Case No. 09CR362 !9
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ZALMAHYAHbH LLLMN,
Appellant,
vs. AALN HH
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CI OF RENO,
Respondent.
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Pursuant to ^b177.105, I77.115,178.488, ad 178.498, this Court orders at Bail or Bond
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on Appeal is:
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(X) LHAN1 and set in the amount of $ 360.00 , with the condition that
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e Defendant:
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) comply with the No Contact Order
(
) comply wit all Counseling requirements
(
) comply with the Parenting Class requirement
(
) other
: _________________
(
) Nfor the following reason
(
s):
( ) violent nature/seriousness of the instant ofense
(
) prior criminal history
( ) prior failures to appear andlor comply with Court orders
(
) lack of connection to the communit
(
) lack of jurisdiction on appeal
(
) oter:
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DATED this , 2011
KNTHR.
Departent Four
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IN THE AiIPAL COURT OF THE CITj RENO
COUNTY OF WASHOE, STATE OF NEVADA
ONL5OL1H5LHHA51HLLT,HLNO,NV 89505
MaiIg: Y.O.Box1900
,
Hcno,NV 89505 YHONL(775)334-2290 AX
(775)334-3824
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U1PUAP1: Ll1LHLIP, ZALHAHY UAHKH
Cour Case#: 11 LH22176 21 OB. @
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Agency#: RSICPIICII0627
AccidcnI#: BoUIH9' 15953
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Ofense !` 09/09120 JJ
Arrest Dt: 09/0912011
Plea: 1011012011 - HOT UU1LTY
Additional Fees
SupctvisrooFceSubtota| SupvFee(s)Duc.
D(I(NDANT'ULUHLN ZACHARY A ' R (" R
DcfendunI1ntiaIs:
40.00
$40.00
Jail 8}5`
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Suspended Days: V
40.00
$40.00 $0
Acucy#:l'11B67OUBT CA5( #: 1J 'R 22176 21
Print Datc: 10110/2011 DutuDut: 10/1012011
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Vou are ordered by the Court to arrive drug/alcohol fee and on time for all Court hearings and Court related progams. Failure to
appear in Court will result in the issuance of 8warrant for your arrest. Any violation of this instant order may result in contempt
proceedings and the filing of additional criminal charges. In accordance with NRb22,010, it is a misdemeanor for any person to fail,
refse or neglect to comply with the terms of any order issued by the Municipal CouJudge, This orill remain in effect until the
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CASE NO. ICII0627
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DEPT. NO.4
CITY OF RENO,
vs.
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IN THE MUNICIPAL COURT OF THE CITY OF RENO -, !.
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Plaintiff, NOTICE OF AVAILABILITY OF
DISCOVERY AND REQUEST FOR
RECIPROCAL DISCOVERY
Zachary Coughlin,
Trial Date: 11I14I211
Defendant.
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Please call the Criminal Division at 334-2050 to arrange for preparation of discovery in
this case. Afer your call requesting preparation of discovery, it will be available for pickup at
the Reno City Attorey's Ofce, Monday - Thursday 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. All potential
witnesses for the City's case in chief are named in the discovery (which includes a copy of the
police report), and pursuant to NRS 174.234-235 no other "witness list" need be or will be
provided.
The City hereby requests that the Defendant provide discovery and notice of defense
witnesses pursuant to NRS 174.234 and 174.235.
DATED this l?f day of October, 2011.
Deputy City Attorey
25 A copy of this Notice has been sent to Zachary Coughlin at 121 River Rock Street, Reno,
26 Nevada 89501 on October 011.
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Rcno City Attorncy
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, N 89505
-1-
00012
RENO MUNICIPAL COURT
APPLICATION AND AFFIDAVIT FOR APPOINTMENT OF LEGAL DEFENDER
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HLh0 "l'r `U'F' CORTE MUNICIPAL DE RENO
SOUCITUD Y DECLARACION JURADA PARA ASIGNACION DE DEFENSOR LEGAL
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I declare that I am an indigent person without financial means to employ an attorney and that all 01 the facts, figures, answers and
statement contained in this application are true and correct.
Yo declaro ser una persona indigente y crezeo de recursos econ6mieos pera contratar los servieios de un abcgado y dc/aro que;a
informacion, cifras, resuestas y declaraciones contenidas en esta solicitud son verdaders y coects.
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1. Do you receive any form of public assistance such as fo stamps or public housing? Yes [1 Nc[ ]
Recibe ustad alguna forma de ayuda fnanciera del gobiemo tal como cupones per comida, 0 vivienda ptib/? Si [J No [ J

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3.
4.
If yes, please specify
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S la respuesta es afrmatva, especique

What proof of this assistance d you have?
Que preba puade usted presentar de esla ayuda?
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Are you currently serving a sentence in a jail crprison?
Actualmente esta usted cump/endo una sentencia en una carcel 0 prision?
Vest | Nof.
Sir ] No[ ]
If yes, list charges, case numbers and time to serve.
Si la respuesta es afirmativa, indique los cargos, el ntimero del caso y cuanto tiempo Ie queda por cumplir.
How many people are in your household (live with you)?
Cuantas personas viven en su residencia (viven con usted)?
What is the total wekly fami income for everyone living in your household?
Cuant6 es el ingreso lotal semanal familiar de lodos lo que viven en su residencia?
What is the total monthly family income for everyone living in your household?
Cuanlo es el ingreso tolal mensual famiiar de todos los que viven en su residencia?
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Are there other reasons why you feel you would suffer substantial hardship if you were required to seek and retain private counsel?
If so, what are they?
Hay olras razones que usted cree que Ie pondr(an en difcultdes econOmias si se I obligara a cotratar un abogado prvado? Si
la respuesta es afrmaliva, cuales son? i :
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J Case No.llCR22176
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I THE MUNICIPAL COURT OF THE CITY OF RENO
CITY OF RENO,
Plaintif,
vs.
Zachary Barker Coughlin,
Defendant.
'
ORDER DENYING LEGAL DEFENDER
COURT DATE: November 14,2011 @ 1:00 p.m.
Departent Four - Courtroom B
Application for appointment of a Legal Defender having been filed with this Court,
and having been reviewed by this Court, therefore;
This Court does hereby DENY said appointment for the reason that if convicted of this
charge, the stadard ScB\0D00 08\cS D0jal time.
It is so ORDERED.
DATED this 27'
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day of October, 2011
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KENNETH R. HOWARD, JUDGE
00015
10/27/2011 04:57 FAX
MUNICIPAL COURT DEPT 1410001
TRANSMISSION OK
TXlRX NO
RECIPIENT ADDRESS
DESTINATION ID
ST. TIME
TIME USE
PAGES SENT
RESULT
********************$
TX REPORT
*********************
2362
Robisonj@reno.goY
Jeannie Robison
10/27 04:56
00'06
3
1 Case No. llCR22176
Dept. 4
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IN THE MUNICIPAL COURT OF TilE CITY OF RENO
COUNTY OF WASHOE, ST ATE OF NEV ADA
CITY OF RENO,
Plaintiff,
VS.
Zachary Barker Coughlin,
Dc1cndant.
____________________ 1
ORDER DENYING LEGAL DEFENDER
COURT DATE: November 14,2011 @ 1 :00 p.m.
Department Four - Courtroom B
An Application for appointment of a Legal Defender having been filed with this Court,
and having been reviewed by this COllrt, therefore;
This COUl1 docs hereby DENY said appointment lelr the reason that if cOllvictcd of this
charge, the standard sentence carries llO jail time.
It is so ORDERED.
DATED this 27'
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day of October, 2011 / ' /,?, 0
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00016
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Pursuant to NRCP 5 (b) ,
I certify that I am an employee of the
Reno Municipal Court, Reno, Nevada, and that on this date I served
a true and correct copy of the foregoing document, ORER DENYING
MOTION TO CONTINUE TRIAL DATE A APPOINTMNT OF LG DEFENDER on
the party (ies) set forth below:
x
X
Placing said document in a sealed envelope placed for
collecting and mailing in the United States mail, at
Reno, Nevada, postage prepaid, following ordinary
business practices.
Facsimile (FAX).
Federal Express or other overnight delivery.
Inner-office mail following ordinary business practices.
Personal Delivery.
City Attorneys Office
PO BOX 1900
Reno, NV 89505
Zachary Barker Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
DATED ths J day of October 2011
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Page 1 of 3
I,: "
State;
Plaintiff
2ill j rlOI! _ '2 -D
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,- . ... v.. Reno Municipal Court Case
Case: REV2011-
Kenneth How3'd
I. for Reconsideration, Motion to Vacate or Set Aside (under Rule 59 and or 60) Orde
Denying Right to Counsel, Motion to Dismiss
Trevino v. State 555 SW.2d 750
Formerly 110k641.2(4), 110k641 .2
Tex.Crim.App.,1977
Criminal defendants in misdemeanor cases are entitled to counsel if there exists a possibility that imprisonment may be
imposed.
Judge Gardner refused to tell the undersigned the last names of the four attorneys who might be appointed counsel. Accused
has a right to know that, its important to check qualifICations and experience. Further, Judge Gardner touted their abilities by
mentioning some, or all, of them were former prosecutors. The NFL doesn1 hire to many offensive coordinators to coach
defense. I feel the same about criminal defense.
The arrest did not occur in the presence of the police officer. There
was no consent to search. Officer made statements conditioning
whether arrest be made upon whether consent to search was
given, there are other impermissible acts but I am not going to get
into unless absolutely necessary. APPOINTMENT OF AN ATTORNEY
FOR DEFENDANT [IF CRIME
CHARGED CARRIES A POSSIBLE JAIL SENTENCE]
N
OTE:
the Court Intends to suspend the sentence.
ETERMINATION OF EUGIBILITYD
Any defendant charged with a public offense who is an indigent may, by oral statement to the district judge,
justice of the peace, municipal judge or master, request the appointment of an attorney to represent him.
NRS 171.188,
means of employing an attorney; and (b) facts with some particularity, definiteness and certainty concerning
the defendant's financial disability."
whether the defendant is eligible and whether counsel should be appointed.
In addition to the requirements set forth in
specific definition of indigency in its Administrative Docket 411 Order of January 4,2008, which can be found
Section 1 - CRIMINAL Chapter 4 - MISDEMEANORS
4-6
at http: //www.nevadaJudiciary.us/index.php/vlewdocumentsandforms/ func-startdown/70/, and is commonly
referred to as the Indigent Defense Order. The definition is a follows:
A person will be deemed 'indigent' who is unable, without substantial hardship to himself or
his dependents, to obtain competent, qualified legal counsel on his or her own. 'Substantial
hardship' is presumptively determined to include all defendants who receive public assistance,
such as Food Stamps, Temporary Assistance for needy Families, Medicaid, Disability
insurance, reside in public housing, or earn less than 200 percent of the Federal Poverty
Guidelines. A defendant is presumed to have a substantial hardship if he or she is currently
serving a sentence in a correctional institution or housed in a mental health facility.
Defendants not falling below the presumptive threshold will be subjected to a more rigorous
screening process to determine if their particular circumstances, including seriousness of
charges being faced, monthly expenses, and local private counsel rates, would result in a
substantial hardship were they to seek to retain private counsel.
llle current federal poverty guidelines are renected in the table below:
httns-//writer zoho com/editor im
11/1/2011
00018
The current federal poverty gUidelines are reflected in the table below:
2009 POVERTY GUIDELINES FOR THE
48 CONTIGUOUS STATES AND THE
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Persons in family Poverty guideline
1 ................................................ $10,830
2 ...... .. .. ...................................... 14,570
3 .......... .. .................................... 18,310
4 .. .. ............................................ 22,050
5 ................................................ 25,790
6 ............ .... ................................ 29,530
7 ................................................ 33,270
8 ................................................ 37,010
For families with more than 8 persons, add
$3,740 for each additional person.
Further. I have just been evicted from my home. as such. my ability to defend myself and prepare for a Trial on
November 14th. 2011 has been severly compromised and would work an undue hardship on me. especially to the
extent these charges. for which I am innocent. would impact my reputation and job prospects.
Page 2 of3
I do probably make uner $10,830, depeding upon from when to when its measure. I am indigent, have barely any money to my
name.
DISQUAUFICATION
The public defender must be appointed unless disqualified.
disqualified to represent more than one co-defendant and he may be disqualified for other reasons, but such
conflict of interest or disqualification must be brought to the attention of the court before a private counsel
may be appointed by the court. The court must state the reasons for the disqualification on the record.
7.115.
those fees is set forth in
Rule 6: Continuances
No continuance shall be granted, including a stipulated continuance, except for good cause. A motion or stipulation for
continuance must state the reason therefore and whether or not any continuance has previously been sought or granted.
I have not sought a continuance for any other hearing in this matter, and further, I may have had a right to counsel at the
arraignment which was not met. Additionally, the bailiff at the arraignment was threatening, retaliatory, and hostile when I
asked about my right to counsel and the video the Judge made of himself advising litigants of their rights was somewhat
frightening and coercive in that it basically said "it is never a good idea to represent yourself'. This is unjust, especially in the
context of this Court's Order denying my right to have counsel appointed where jail time is a possibility, regardless of how the
court intends to treat the matter, statutorily, on paper, its a possibility. The police shouldn't arrest so many people baselessly,
and shouldn't resort to illegal, coercive and unjust tactics, especially if the tax base does not allow the court to uphold the
procedural and substantive protections required by the laws of our land. Cut corners somewhere else.
Past-request questianing ar interragatlOn,
Interrogation by police after assertion of right to counsel at arraigrunent or similar proceeding,
waiver, see
625, 89 L.Ed.2d 631
Invocation of right, muteness at preliminary hearing, court-ordered appointment of
counsel, subsequent interrogation, see
2079, 173 L.Ed.2d 955
Invocation of light to counsel, subsequent police-initiated conversation, impeachment,
see
293
Post-request responses to further interrogation, clarity of initial request for counsel, see
Smith v. Illinois, U.S.Ill.l984, 105 S.C!. 490, 469 U.S. 91, 83 L.Ed.2d 488
I declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of Nevada that the foregoing is true and
correct.
Dated November 2.2011
httns-llwriter zoho com/editor im
1113/2011
00019
' k 7 . E ~ ' ~
IZ 1 Ri er ock St.
Reno, 89501
775338 SUS
ZachCoughlin@hotmail.com
Page 3 of3
Please do not call me, or attempt "house rules" phone notice, phone situation is in flux due to Casey Baker. Esq.'s antics. The court may email me,
Casey Baker, Esq. may not serve me anything vi;) email.
Licensed in Nevada
httnS-//writer mho com/editor im 11/1/2011
00020
IN THE COURT OF THE CITftF RENO
COUNTY OF WASHOE, STATE OF NEV
ONE SOUTH SIERRA STREET, RENO, NV 89505
Mailing: P.O. Box 1900, Reno, NV 89505 PHONE (775)334-2290 FA (77.5'/3:34182" /..:;
VS.
DEFENDANT: COUGHLIN, ZACHARY BARKER
Court Case#: II CR 22176 21
Agency#: RSICPIICll0627
Offense Dt: 0910912011
Arrest Dt: 0910912011
DOB: 09/27/1976
Accident#:
Plea: 1011012011 - NOT GUILTY
Booking#: 15953
Jail Days: 0
Suspended Days: 0
Status: OPEN
Language: ENGLISH
DEFENDANT: COUGHLIN, ZACHARY-BARKER
Defendant InitiaJs:
'----------;c""o"'UR""'f CASE #: 11 CR 22176"11'"'
Print Date: 1111512011 Data Date: 11115/2011
Page 1 of2
00021
NextProofDt:
Balance:
Completed Dt:
FAlLURE TO COMPLY WIlli THE CONDITIONS OF BAlL AS DESCRIBED IN lliIS ORDER WILL RESULT IN THE ISSUANCE OF A
FAlLURE TO COMPLY WARRANT OR IMMEDIATE ARREST AND INCARCERATION FOR CONTEMPT OF COURT ANDIOR BAlL
REVOCATION. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, CONTACT THE SENTENCE COMPLIANCE WINDOW LOCATED ON THE FIRST
FLOOR OF THE RENO MUNICIPAL COURT, ONE SOUlli SIERRA ST, RENO, NV (775) 334-2290.
THE DEFENDANT SHALL APPEAR AS ORDERED FOR ALL REVIEWS AND SHALL COOPERATE FULLY WIlli THE
BAlLIFFSIMARSHALS AND ALL COURT STAFF.
THE DEFENDANT SHALL ATTEND ALL REVIEWS, COURT APPEARANCES AND COURT-ORDERED PROGRAMS ON TIME AND
ALCOHOL AND DRUG FREE.
THE DEFENDANT SHALL KNOW mSIHER COURT DATE AND MAlNTAlN CONTACT WIlli mSIHER ATTORNEY.
PRIOR TO CHANGING HISIHER ADDRESS OR PHONE NUMBER, THE DEFENDANT SHALL NOTIFIY THE COURT OF SUCH
CHANGE.
OBEY ALL LAWS.
Ii').
INFORMATION: 3 city witnesses appeared for bench trial
ADDITIONAL CASE INFORMATION: DEFENDANT WAS IN CUSTODY AT TIME AND DATE OF BENCH TRIAL;
DEFENDANT WAS TRANSPORTED BUT NOT BROUGHT INTO COURT
1111412011 ADDITIONAL CASE INFORMATION: BAIL FORFEITURE CANCELLED
10/10/2011 ADDmONAL CASE INFORMATION: DEFENDANT DID NOT WANT A COURT APPOINTED ATTORNEY.
THE HONORABLE
_()
I(
JUDGE'S SIGNATURE:
DATE:
You are ordered by the Court to arrive drug/alcohol free and on time for all Court hearings and Court related progams. Failure to
appear in Court will result in the issuance of a warrant for your arrest. Any violation of this instant order may result in contempt
proceedings and the filing of additional criminal charges. In accordance with NRS 22.010, it is a misdemeanor for any person to fail,
refuse or neglect to comply with the terms of any order issued by the Municipal Court Judge. This order will remain in effect until the
Court issues another order superseding it.
I UNDERSTAND AND PROMISE TO OBEY THIS ORDER. DEFENDANT:
I. THE SWORN INTPRETER HAVE FULLY INTERPRETED THIS ORDER TO THE
DEFENDANT:
RECEIVED BY DEPUTY:
ISSUED BY MARSHAL:
DEFENDANT. COUGHLIN, ZACHARY BARKER
Defendant Initials:
Agency#: IClI0627
Print Date: 11/1512011
DATE: TIME:
DATE: TIME:
DATE: TIME:
DATE: TIME:
COURT CASE #: 11 CR 22176 21
Data Date: 11/1512011
Page 2 of2
00022
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Pursuant to NRCP 5(b), I certify that I am an employee of the
a true and correct copy of the foregoing document, NOTICE SETTING
HEARING on the party(ies) set forth below:
x
X
business practices.
Facsimile (FAX).
Personal Delivery.
PO BOX 1900
Reno, NV 89505
121 River Rock SI.
Reno, NV 89501
of N"vemhe, 2011
00023
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\
.)

Pursuant to NRCP 5(b), I certify that I am an employee of the
a true and correct copy of the foregoing document, ORDER NOTICE
SETTING HEARING on the party(ies) set forth below:
x
X
business practices.
Facsimile (FAX).
Personal Delivery.
PO BOX 1900
Reno, NV 89505
817 NVirginia St #2
Reno, NV 89501
r.d
day of November 2011
00024

THE CITY OF RENO
- I i_ D
" i
COUNTY OF WASHOE, STATE OF Niju)fAPA PH
THE CITY OF RENO, Plaintiff;
Vs.
,
_____ . _________ , Defendant/
f'..) -
SUBPOENA
.; \..0, i

\ ' . ,;; ..
and subpoena duces tecum
TN VIOLATION OF
please appear and further bring any evidence including
medial
retaliatory threats by walmart staff or lp
THE MUNICIPAl,- COURT OF THE CTTY OF RENO SENDS.GREETTNGS TO:
Loss prevent loon manager and John Ellis and ASM "Connie" 7th St. walmart
Janice cashier, Brian Bain store Manager; LP manager, 2nd ST. Walmart
WE COMMAND YOU, that all and singular, business and excuses being set aside, you appear and
attend before the MUNICIPAL COURT OF THE CITY OF RENO, WASHOE COUNTY,
NEVADA, in the COURTROOM ATONE SOUTH SIERRA, RENO, NEVADA,
011
November 30,

on behalf of Zach Coughlin
guilty of contempt of Court.
2011,at ___
1
_
p
_
m
_____________________ ___
, and for failure to attend you may be deemed
2011
29th .November
TN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand (his ___ Clay of . __________ ,_.
co::.
By: '- "'(vv\.O .... 0.):c1
Deputy Clerk
Declaration
I'f!ljI'fl:W.tlqltJF PERSONAL SERVICE under penalty of perjury NRS
STATE OF NEVADA
:ss
COUNTY OF WASHOE)
emailed
J hereby certify rhar J received the within SUBPOENA on the .. __ ., and that I faxed to or
personally the the person hereinafier named by showing himiher the within SUBPOENA and delivering
a copy to hun/her on the __ of November 2 O,lJ:......., in Washoe County, Nevada, to-wn:
Signed:
/s/ zach coughlin, signed electroncially
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 2 9tJ:ijay or .. ___ ... ,2.E_1.!.. f fd.
Declaration under as sa s
of perjury made NRS df
00025
5
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, , ==
17

OF APPEARANCE: MOTION CONTINUANCE
APPEARCE: MOTION FOR CONTINUANCE

19

1
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
1
1!N. Virginia st. FZ
3
Reno, NV VJU1
Tele: !!J-JJ-J1
Fax: V+V-!-!+UZ
Attorey for Defendant Coughlin
6
IN THE MUNICIPAL COURT OF THE CITY OF RENO
STATE OF NEVADA IN AND FOR
THE COUNTY OF WASHOE
10
11
12
CITY OF RENO;
Plaintiff.
13
v
.
14
IS
ZACHARY BARKER COUGHIN
Defendant.
16
18
NOTICE FOR
It is important to state again here that the Bailiffwsa threatening and retaliatory
w
when the undersigned appeared before Judge Gardner on October 10, 20 II, including
21 making intimidating statements to the undersigned seemingly in a retaliatory fashion
and designed to prevent the undersigned fom seeking court appointed representation.
22
The Bailiffs name might have been "Monte" or something similar, however, the
2
records of that interaction are being held under an impermissible rent distraint by an
opposing attorey. Obviously, such actions, when combined with the lack of a PD at
2
the arraignment, an arraignment video being shown by the court which contains
threatening statements and overly ominous tones when advising litigants against
l
appearing pro se, the City of RenolReno Municpal Court's alleged practice of only
hiring "former prosecutors" to be court appointed counsel, in conjunction with the
2
failure to allow the defendant access to the PC sheet and discovery for over I month,
27
much less 48 hours from the arrest, combine to make a fair trial impossible in this
2
NOTICE OF
Page I
00026

matter,
Please note that the !ndersigned here" files this Noti%e of Appearan%e as
%o!nsel of re%ord in this matter,
Reno M!ni%ipal Co!rt r!les
.Co!rt R!les and Pro%ed!res R!le &= Appli%a"ilit of R!les A, These r!les ma
"e referred to as the Reno M!ni%ipal Co!rt r!les and ma "e a""re+iated as
R,M,C,R, These r!les are intended to s!per%ede the r!les prom!lgated and made
effe%ti+e on #an!ar &( &;4' " the Reno M!ni%ipal Co!rt, B, Fhene+er it appears
that a parti%!lar sit!ation does not fall within the p!r+iew of a r!le( or that a literal
appli%ation of a r!le wo!ld %a!se a hardship or in2!sti%e in a %ase( the %o!rt ma
ma*e s!%h order as the interests of 2!sti%e re6!ire, R!le )= OrganiGation of the Co!rt
A, The M!ni%ipal Co!rt %onsists of a n!m"er of departments designated " Cit
Co!n%il resol!tion( ea%h presided o+er " a 2!dge d!l ele%ted or appointed to that
position, #!dges pro tem ma sit in ea%h department from time to time as a!thoriGed
" law, A 2!dge pro tem d!l appointed and a!thoriGed " the presiding 2!dge of a
parti%!lar department to sit in that department shall ha+e the same 2!risdi%tion as the
presiding 2!dge( e@%ept that the 2!dge pro tem has 2!risdi%tion onl o+er matters to "e
heard on his or her assigned do%*et, #!dges pro tem are not permitted to a%t on an
motion filed in an %ase( e@%ept those re6!iring resol!tion "efore a %ase %an pro%eed
on the do%*et to whi%h the pro tem 2!dge is assigned, B, All %ases set for trial or other
post>arraignment pro%eeding( e@%ept a senten%ing set " the arraigning 2!dge( shall "e
randoml or se6!entiall assigned to one of the departments, Insofar as is pra%ti%al(
all %ases pertaining to a defendant shall "e assigned to the same 2!dge, In the e+ent a
2!dge m!st re%!se himself or herself( the matter shall "e sent to the administrati+e
2!dge for reassignment to another department, C, The ele%ted or appointed 2!dges of
ea%h department ma a%t for one another " m!t!al agreement as %ir%!mstan%es
di%tate, 0, Ea%h ear( the ele%ted or appointed 2!dges shall sele%t one of their n!m"er
NOTICE OF APPEARANCE; MOTION FOR CONTINUANCE -
Page ) -
00027

to a%t as administrati+e 2!dge for the !p%oming fis%al ear, The administrati+e 2!dge
shall handle all %o!rt administrati+e matters and shall "e a!thoriGed to spea* p!"li%l
for the %o!rt on matters of %o!rt poli%, R!le ?= A!thoriGation to Represent A,
Attornes representing defendants shall promptl ser+e written noti%e of their
appearan%e with the Cit Attorne and file the same with the Co!rt, B, An attorne
desiring to withdraw from a %ase shall file a motion with the %o!rt and ser+e the Cit
Attorne with the same, The %o!rt ma r!le on the motion or set a hearing, R!le 3=
Motions A, E@%ept for good %a!se shown( all motions shall "e a%%ompanied "
affida+it( and( when appropriate( " points and a!thorities, All motions m!st "e
ser+ed on the opposing part and m!st "e file stamped along with a%%ompaning
proof of ser+i%e, B, The opposing part ma file and ser+e answering points and
a!thorities on the mo+ing part within &' das after ser+i%e of a motion, C, The
mo+ing part ma file and ser+e repl points and a!thorities within < das thereafter,
0, Upon the e@piration of an time period set for response " this r!le( either part
ma file and ser+e a written re6!est for s!"mittal of the motion( or the %o!rt ma
%onsider the motion s!"mitted, E, An opposition to a motion m!st state the reasonHsI
for o"2e%tion, F, Motions shall "e de%ided witho!t oral arg!ment !nless oral
arg!ment is ordered " the %o!rt, R!le <= Motions " Fa%simile A, All r!les and
pro%ed!res that appl to motions filed in person at the %o!rt shall also appl to
motions filed " fa%simile( e@%ept as otherwise spe%ified in this r!le, B, All persons
are eligi"le to !se motion>">fa%simile pro%ed!res, C, All motions filed " fa%simile
m!st "e a%%ompanied " a %o+er sheet whi%h m!st in%l!de the personJs name(
address( fa@ n!m"er and telephone n!m"er, 0, All fa%simile motions filed " an
attorne m!st in%l!de the attorne-s name( the firmJs name( address( fa@ n!m"er and
telephone n!m"er, In addition( the attorneJs state "ar n!m"er m!st "e %onspi%!o!sl
displaed on the %o+er sheet, E, All motions filed " fa%simile m!st "e a%%ompanied
" proof of ser+i%e, 9er+i%e ma "e a%%omplished " fa%simile when the re%ei+ing
Page ? -
00028

part is a go+ernmental agen%( an attorne( or with the %onsent of the re%ei+ing
part, If ser+i%e of the motion is a%%omplished " fa%simile the ?>da allowan%e for
mailing shall not "e %omp!ted into the time for response, F, A defense attorne filing
a motion in the first instan%e m!st also file a proper a!thoriGation to represent, $,
An motion re%ei+ed " the %o!rt after 3=?' p,m, or on a non>%o!rt da shall "e filed
on the following %o!rt da, R!le A= Contin!an%es No %ontin!an%e shall "e granted(
in%l!ding a stip!lated %ontin!an%e( e@%ept for good %a!se, A motion or stip!lation for
%ontin!an%e m!st state the reason therefore and whether or not an %ontin!an%e has
pre+io!sl "een so!ght or granted, R!le 7= Corporations E@%ept with the permission
of the %o!rt( a %orporation or other "!siness entit shall not appear in propria persona,
R!le 4= Co!rtroom Cond!%t and Attire Pro%eedings in %o!rt sho!ld "e %ond!%ted
with dignit and de%or!m, All persons appearing in the %o!rt m!st "e appropriatel
attired, All attornes m!st wear appropriate "!siness attire, R!le ;= Appeals to
0istri%t Co!rt E@%ept as otherwise pro+ided in NR9 &77,'&< a defendant in a
%riminal a%tion tried "efore a M!ni%ipal Co!rt #!dge ma appeal from the final
2!dgment therein to the 9e%ond #!di%ial 0istri%t Co!rt( at an time within &' das
from the date that 2!dgment is rendered, Effe%ti+e #an!ar &( )'''/
MOTION FOR 9ANCTION9 AN0 ATTORNEB-9 FEE9 POINT9 AN0
AUTCORITIE9 Co!ghlin10efendant( 5a%h Co!ghlin( Es6,( here" files MOTION
FOR 9ANCTION9 AN0 ATTORNEB-9 FEE9 "ased on the papers on file in this
a%tion( all %orresponden%e "etween Ro"erts( Co!ghlin( Reno Cit Attorne Ro"erts(
Clin( and others( and the points and a!thorities herein %ontained, Co!rt>appointed
attorne as s!"2e%t to lia"ilit !nder 3) U,9,C,A, K &;4?, ?A A,E,R, Fed, <;3
HOriginall p!"lished in &;74I, P!"li% defenders are not imm!ne from lia"ilit !nder
3) U,9,C,A, K &;4? for alleged %on> spira%( with state offi%ials( !nder %olor of state
law( to depri+e %lients of federal rights, Tower +, $lo+er( 3A7 U,9, ;&3( &'3 9, Ct,
NOTICE OF APPEARANCE; MOTION FOR CONTINUANCE
Page 3
00029

)4)'( 4& E, Ed, )d 7<4 H&;43I, P!"li% defender ma "e held lia"le !nder K &;4? if he
or she engaged in a %onspira% with offi%ials a%ting !nder the %olor of state law to
depri+e a person of a right se%!red " the Con> stit!tion, 3) U,9,C,A, K &;4?, Farren
+, Fis%hl( ?? F, 9!pp, )d &7& HE,0,N,B, &;;;I, Co!nt p!"li% defender a%ted !nder
L%olor of state lawL in failing to re6!est indigen% hearing on "ehalf of motorist
%on+i%ted and fined for misdemeanor re%*less dri+ing( prior to motorist-s
in%ar%eration for fail!re to pa his fine( for p!rpose of K &;4? a%tion against %o!nt
p!"li% defender-s offi%e( alleging that it had a poli% or %!stom of failing to see* s!%h
indi> gen% hearings; the a%t of not re6!esting indigen% hearing was administrati+e(
as it was d!e to the offi%e-s alleged sstemi% ina%tion, 3) U,9,C,A, K &;4?, Powers +,
Camilton Co!nt P!"li% 0efender Com-n( <'& F,?d <;) HAth Cir, )''7I, Appointed
defense attorne was not imm!ne from a%tion !nder 3) U,9,C,A, K &;4? and K &;4<(
either in his own right or deri+ati+el from alleged %o>%onspirators- a"sol!te
imm!nit( for %onspira% with 2!dge and prose%!tor to impanel all>white 2!r for
defendants %riminal tri> al and ma "e regarded as ha+ing a%ted !nder %olor of state
law in +iew of %onspira% alleged with p!"li% offi%als, Fhite + Bloom H&;4'( CA4
MoI A)& F)d )7A, Attorne-s lia"ilit for malpra%ti%e in %onne%tion with defense of
%riminal %ase( <? A,E,R,?d 7?&, Negligen%e( inattention( or professional
in%ompeten%e in handling %lient-s affairs as gro!nd or dis%iplinar a%tion( ;A
A,E,R,)d 4)?, #oe Ro"erts has indi%ated to his %lient( Co!ghlin( that his s!periors at
the FCP0 ha+e made him feel !n%omforta"le doing m!%h in the wa of defending
Co!ghlin( and that doing so with m!%h Geal wo!ld ad+ersel affe%t his opport!nities
for ad+an%ement at the FCP0 and perhaps e+en his 2o" se%!rit, Ineffe%ti+e
Assistan%e of Co!nsel( < Am, #!r, Proof of Fa%ts )d )A7 9trategies for Enfor%ing the
Right to Effe%ti+e Representation( 3A Am, #!r, Trials <7& A+oiding Eegal
Malpra%ti%e Claims in Eitigation( 3A Am, #!r, Trials ?)< Prisoners- Rights litigation(
)) Am, #!r, Trials & A%tions Against Attornes for Professional Negligen%e( &3 Am,
Page < -
00030

#!r, Trials )A< Ca!se of A%tion for Malpra%ti%e Against 0efense Attorne for
Ineffe%ti+e Representation 0!ring Pretrial Phase of Criminal Case( 3) Ca!ses of
A%tion )d 7'7, Bines( Remeding Ineffe%ti+e Representation in Criminal Cases=
0epart!res from Ca"eas Corp!s, <; 8a E Re+ ;)7 Mallen( The Co!rt>Appointed
Eawer and Eegal Malpra%ti%eMEia"ilit or Imm!nit, &3 Am Crim E Re+ <; Note(
Remeding Ineffe%ti+e Representation " P!"li% 0efendersMAn Administrati+e Al>
ternati+e to Traditional Ci+il A%tions, A' Minn E Re+ &)? Note( The Right of the
Indigent Client to 9!e Cis Co!rt>Appointed Attorne for Malpra%> ti%e, ?? Ea E Re+
73', In ea%h of the following %ases( a p!"li% defender was held not to "e imm!ne
from lia"ilit for professional malpra%ti%e, In 9pring + Constantino H&;7<I &A4 Conn
<A?( ?A) A)d 47&( an a%tion " a state %riminal defendant against a p!"li% defender
for malpra%ti%e( the %o!rt held that an attorne o%%!ping the position of p!"li%
defender and assigned to represent an indigent defendant did not en2o imm!nit
from lia"ilit for professional malpra%ti%e, 9tating that a p!"li% defender is li*e an
other attorne whose d!ties as an offi%er of the %o!rt and to an indi+id!al %lient and
whose prin%ipled and fearless %ond!%t of the defense are not deterred " the prospe%t
of lia"ilit( the %o!rt re2e%ted the %ontention of the p!"li% defender that the do%trine
of 2!di%ial imm!nit sho!ld "e e@tended to p!"li% defenders on the gro!nd that the
imm!nit r!le is designed to promote prin%ipled and fearless de%isionma*ing "
remo+ing the fear that !nsatisfied litigants might "ring harassing a%tions, The %o!rt
also re2e%ted the %ontention that the %ommon>law do%trine of so+ereign imm!nit
whi%h e@tends to p!"li% offi%ials applied to a malpra%ti%e a%> tion "ro!ght against a
p!"li% defender( saing that a p!"li% defender( in representing an indi> gent( is not a
p!"li% offi%ial( sin%e e+en tho!gh the state m!st ins!re that indigents are repres>
ented " %ompetent %o!nsel( it %o!ld not "e arg!ed that the a%t!al %ond!%t of the
defense of an indi+id!al is a go+ernmental a%t, The %o!rt also re2e%ted the third
s!ggested gro!nd of im> m!nit= the stat!tor imm!nit of p!"li% offi%ers and state
Page A -
00031

emploees, The %o!rt said that while it was tr!e that a p!"li% defender %o!ld "e told
when he is to wor* and within what area( those elements of %ontrol were indi%ia of
the master>ser+ant relationship and in%idents of a p!"li% defender-s emploment
whi%h are not within the s%ope of the attorne>%lient relation> ship, 9tating that the
independen%e of the p!"li% defender was a *e %onstit!tional !nderpin> ning of the
p!"li% defender sstem( the %o!rt said that other than the so!r%e of the p!"li% de>
fender-s %ompensation( the relationship of p!"li% defender and %lient is the same as
that of pri+atel emploed %o!nsel and %lient, A p!"li% defender was held not to "e
imm!ne from lia"ilit for malpra%ti%e( in Reese + 0anforth H&;7;I 34A Pa 37;( 3'A
A)d 7?<( A AER3th 7<4( In holding that the p!"li% defender was not a p!"li% offi%ial
entitled to imm!nit( the %o!rt said that the o+erriding d!t of Geal> o!s
representation of a %lient-s interest atta%hes to the role of the p!"li% defender and th!s
the performan%e of that d!t " the defender was similar to the performan%e of
pri+atel retained %o!nsel, 9tating that the relationship "etween the %o!nt and the
p!"li% defender was similar to that "etween an independent %ontra%tor and the part
%ontra%ting his ser+i%es( the %o!rt said that while the a+aila"ilit of %o!rt>appointed
%o!nsel to represent indigents is ind!"ita"l the p!"li% "!siness( on%e the
appointment of a p!"li% defender in a gi+en %ase is made( his state or p!"li% f!n%tion
%eases and thereafter he f!n%tions p!rel as a pri+ate attorne %on%erned with
ser+i%ing his %lient( and his professional relationship with his %lient ta*es on all the
o"liga> tions and prote%tions attendant !pon a pri+ate attorne>%lient relationship
e@%ept that the p!"> li% pas the attorne-s fee, The %o!rt also re2e%ted the %ontentions
that not granting imm!nit to the p!"li% defender wo!ld hinder the re%o!pment of
a"le lawers to represent indigents( and wo!ld inhi"it the defender-s professional
dis%retion in de%lining to press the fri+olo!s( to assign priorities "etween indigent
litigants( and to ma*e strategi% de%isions with regard to a parti%!lar litigant as to how
his interest ma "est "e ad+an%ed, In the following %ase( a p!"li% defender was held
Page 7 -
00032

not lia"le for the malpra%ti%e of one of his dep!ties, A p!"li% defender was held not
to "e lia"le solel " +irt!e of his offi%e( for the malpra%> ti%e of one of his dep!ties(
in 9an%heG + M!rph H&;73( 0C Ne+I ?4< F 9!pp &?A), 9tating that the professional
relationship "etween %o!rt>appointed %o!nsel and indigent %riminal de> fendants
!nder p!"li% defender sstems is no different than that "etween a %lient and pri+atel
retained %o!nsel( the %o!rt went on to sa that the relationship of the p!"li% defender
and his dep!ties among themsel+es was not a partnership relationship( sin%e the
e%onomi% 2!stifi%a> tion for holding one partner lia"le for the mis%ond!%t of another
partner was gro!nded on the fa%t that fees for ser+i%es are shared( whereas ea%h of the
p!"li% defender attornes was %om> pensated independentl " salar for his own
ser+i%es, 9tating that a dep!t p!"li% defender is an independent offi%er( the %o!rt
noted that there was s!"stantial a!thorit in s!pport of the r!le that in the a"sen%e of
stat!te imposing lia"ilit or of negligen%e on his part in appointing or s!per+ising his
assistants( a p!"li% offi%er is not lia"le for the defa!lt and misfeasan%e of assistants
appointed " him, Related Annotations are lo%ated !nder the Resear%h Referen%es
heading of this Annotation, CUMUEATI8E 9UPPEEMENT Cases= Plaintiff-s
malpra%ti%e a%tion against p!"li% defender was not pre%l!ded " 6!asi>2!di%ial
imm!nit, Fil%o@ +, Br!mmer( 7?; 9o, )d &)4) HFla, 0ist, Ct, App, ?d 0ist, &;;;I,
P!"li% defender attornes were not entitled to so+ereign imm!nit from legal
malpra%ti%e %laims "ro!ght " former %lient %on+i%ted in %riminal %ase and later
e@onerated; attornes- d!t to %lient arose independentl of their state emploment,
#ohnson +, Calloran( ?&) Ill, App, ?d A;<( )3< Ill, 0e%, 3'4( 7)4 N,E,)d 3;' H&st
0ist, )'''I( appeal allowed( &4; Ill, )d A44 H)'''I, The %o!rt in 0Gi!"a* + Mott
H&;;?( MinnI <'? NF)d 77& held that a p!"li% defender is imm!ne from lia"ilit for
malpra%ti%e= In %ontrast( the %o!rt in 8eneri + Pappano H&;;?( Pa 9!perI A)) A)d
;77 noted that a p!"> li% defender is not imm!ne from lia"ilit for malpra%ti%e,
Attorne-s lia"ilit for malpra%ti%e in %onne%tion with defense of %riminal %ase( <?
Page 4 -
00033

A,E,R,?d 7?&; The independen%e of the p!"li% defender is of !tmost importan%e to its
d!ties to indigent defendants, Crist +, Florida Ass-n of Criminal 0efense Eawers(
In%,( ;74 9o, )d &?3 HFla, )''4I, Trial %o!rt-s %omments on per%ei+ed defi%ien%ies of
p!"li%
defender sstem( made in its order dening defendant-s re6!est for ?<Nda
pretrial %ontin!an%e of %apital m!rder trial( did not %reate a %onfli%t of interest
"etween defendant and p!"li% defender whi%h re6!ired p!"li% defender to withdraw
from the representation, 9!p, Ct, R!les( R!le ?,&?'( R!les of Prof, Con> d!%t( R!le
&,&AHaI, F!rnish +, Com,( ;< 9,F,?d ?3 HD, )'')I( as modified( H0e%, &'( )'')I, At
the hearing on the Competen% E+al!ation( #!dge 9ferraGGa %o!ld "e heard( d!ring a
re%ess( ma*ing an e@%ited !tteran%e wherein he %ommented that the "ill for the
ridi%!lo!s( "aseless( and %learl moti+ated " a retaliator intent re6!est for a
Competen% E+al!ation made " P0 Clin wo!ld not "e a%%epted " the Reno
#!sti%e Co!rt( and that it wo!ld "e ret!rned to the P!"li% 0efender-s Offi%e and the
%o!ld pa the "ill for the Competen% E+al!ation if the wanted to waster mone so
"ad, Mr, Ro"erts( Please pro+ide( in writing an in+entor of e+erthing o! "elie+e
o! ha+e pro+ided me, F!rther( o!r flip disregard and non response in relation to m
FOIA re6!ests and other re6!ests( made in writing( as*ing o! to file a Motion to
0ismiss( and other motions is tr!l tro!"ling and refle%ts e@%eedingl poorl on o!r
le+el of professional responsi"ilit, In fa%t( I ha+e %ommen%ed an in6!ir into
whether o! ha+e E8ER filed a Motion to 0ismiss on "ehalf of ANB %lient and(
similarl( whether o!( in o!r long ten!re at the FCP0 ha+e e+er as*ed for
san%tions of an sort against the Reno Cit Attorne, In %o!rt( at a hearing feat!ring
Reno Cit Attorne Ro"erts( o! wal*ed o+er to Reno Cit Attorne Ro"erts-s file(
witho!t a hint of %onsternation from Reno Cit Attorne Ro"erts( and rifled thro!gh
his file loo*ing for something( et o! den me a%%ess to m file, That sort of
fraterniGation with the Reno Cit Attorne-s Offi%e Ho! still ha+e not answered
Page ;
00034

whether Reno Cit Attorne Ro"erts was in o!r retin!e at the free trade %offee pla%e
that da I saw o! on the streetI is inappropriate an refle%ts poorl on the legal
profession and the FCP0-s Offi%e( parti%!larl in the %onte@t of o!r mriad ref!sals
to file e+en a single do%!ment in m defense( o! %ohorts for%ing me into a
"!rdensome and ins!lting Competen% E+al!ation( o!r non response to m FOIA
re6!est( the patentl retaliator falsehoods Mr, Clin attri"!tes to #essi%a( o!r
re%eptionist( Mr, Bosler-s hiring " Reno Cit Attorne $ammi%*( and all the other
&?th %himes of the %lo%* one hears in the tape from this %ase, #!st a few t!rns on the
EO( and this %ase %o!ld "e a smphon of transparen%, Co!ghlin f!rther mo+es for
san%tions against 0ep!t Cit Attorne Ro"erts p!rs!ant to NR9 7,'4<( for the
attornes- fees Co!ghlin has needlessl in%!rred d!e to Ro"erts-s %owardl( lethargi%(
largesse and re%*less !ses of this %o!rt-s pro%esses,
ANALYSIS
If a Reno Cit Attorne has in his or her possession e@%!lpator +ideo and a!dio
e+iden%e( in addition to a!dio and +ideo e+iden%e whi%h shows material witnesses
not onl %ompletel %ontradi%ting themsel+es( "!t also see*ing to diss!ade other
material witnesses from testifing( it wo!ld "e tro!"ling to see that Reno Cit
Attorne or someone filling in for him as some preliminar hearing to %ontin!e to
appear in %o!rt and stand "ehind the Criminal Complaint( all while %olle%ting a
pa%he%* that is more and more p!t into rather star* relief in %omparison to that
whi%h similarl e@perien%ed and ed!%ated in+id!als garner in the pri+ate se%tor,
F!rther( if other material witnesses %an "e seen in a!dio and +ideo e+iden%e
assa!lting and "attering an in+estigator as*ing 6!estions related to e@%!lpating the
a%%!sed in a matter( it wo!ld "e all the more tro!"ling to see a prose%!tor %ontin!e to
appear in %o!rt ad+o%ating orall and filing do%!ments in s!pport of the allegations
of the %riminal %omplaint, It is important to %larif statements made in %o!rt toda
with respe%t to whether NRCP R!le && san%tions ma "e le+ied against a prose%!tor,
Page &'
00035

9!%h a proposition was met with general do!"t toda, Cowe+er( Ne+ada law is 6!ite
%lear in this regard, Clearl( the %an, Contrar to an indi%ation in %o!rt toda( the
Reno Cit Attorne does not pla with some sort of spe%ial safet net the rest of the
attornes in the state fail to ha+e= Office of Washoe County Dist Atty ! Secon"
#u"icia$ Dist Cou%t e& %e$ County of Washoe, ''( Ne! ()*, + P," +() -).../
The Reno City Atto%ney a0so$ute$y is su01ect to NRCP '', an" so is any 2ith the
Washoe County Pu0$ic Defen"e%3s Office o% the cou%t a44ointe" 5fou% fo%6e%
4%osecuto%s7 the Reno City Atto%ney an" Reno Munici4a$ Cou%t ca$$ cou%t
a44ointe" "efense atto%neys 8In a case 0%ou9ht 0y the "ist%ict atto%ney to
enfo%ce a Washin9ton chi$" su44o%t o%"e% in Ne!a"a, the "ist%ict cou%t i64ose"
NRCP '' sanctions a9ainst the "ist%ict atto%ney fo% fai$in9 to "iscontinue
enfo%ce6ent of the su44o%t o%"e% afte% the "ist%ict cou%t3s 4%e!ious %u$in9 that
Washin9ton ha" continuin9 e&c$usi!e 1u%is"iction to a"1u"icate the a%%ea%a9e
a6ount 0istri%t attorne-s offi%e( as a non>part in !nderling pro%eedings to
enfor%e o!t>of>state %hild s!pport order( did not ha+e right to appeal distri%t %o!rt-s
order imposing R!le && san%tions against the offi%e( and th!s writ of mandam!s was
an a+aila"le remed, Offi%e of Fashoe Co!nt 0ist, Att, +, 9e%ond #!di%ial 0ist,
Co!rt e@ rel, Co!nt of Fashoe( )'''( < P,?d <A)( &&A Ne+, A);, 0istri%t 2!dge
a"!sed his dis%retion in imposing P)(<'' san%tions against %it manager and %it
attorne for their alleged fail!re to parti%ipate in good faith in settlement %onferen%e
and( therefore( petition for writ of mandam!s to pre+ent distri%t %o!rt from enfor%ing
san%tions wo!ld "e granted; san%tions le+ied did not fit p!rported +iolations at iss!e,
Cit of 9par*s +, 9e%ond #!di%ial 0ist, Co!rt In and For Co!nt of Fashoe( &;;A(
;)' P,)d &'&3( &&) Ne+, ;<), In the United 9tates 9!preme Co!rt %ase of B!%*le +,
FitGsimmons( <'; U,9, )<;( &&? 9,Ct, )A'A( &)< E,Ed,)d )'; H&;;?I( the petitioner
alleged the prose%!tors and poli%e %onspired to lin* the "oot print at the m!rder s%ene
with his print " witness .shopping,/ .At the time of this witness shopping the
Page && -
00036

assistant prose%!tors were wor*ing hand in hand with the sheriff-s dete%ti+es,,,,/ Id, at
)7)( &&? 9,Ct, )A'A, The Co!rt held the prose%!tors were not entitled to a"sol!te
imm!nit( stating= A prose%!tor-s administrati+e d!ties and those in+estigator
f!n%tions that do not relate to an ad+o%ate-s preparation for the initiation of a
prose%!tion or for 2!di%ial pro%eedings are not entitled to a"sol!te imm!nit, Id, at
)7?( &&? 9,Ct, )A'A, 9ee $entile +, Co!nt of 9!ffol*( ;)A F,)d &3) H)d Cir, &;;&I
Hholding that a %o!nt distri%t attorne-s long pra%ti%e of ignoring e+iden%e of poli%e
mis%ond!%t and san%tioning and %o+ering !p wrongdoing %o!ld ma*e the %o!nt
lia"leI; Cla!de C, +, Co!nt of Oneida( A)A N,B,9,)d ;?? HApp, 0i+, &;;<I Hholding
that distri%t attorne-s %ommand that plaintiff "e !nlawf!ll arrested %o!ld s!pport
a%tion against %o!nt for false imprisonmentI, Ne+ada R!les of Professional
Cond!%t( R!le ?,4, 9pe%ial Responsi"ilities of a Prose%!tor, L The prose%!tor in a
%riminal %ase shall= HaI Refrain from prose%!ting a %harge that the prose%!tor *nows
is not s!pported " pro"a"le %a!se; H"I Ma*e reasona"le efforts to ass!re that the
a%%!sed has "een ad+ised of the right to( and the pro%ed!re for o"taining( %o!nsel and
has "een gi+en reasona"le opport!nit to o"tain %o!nsel; H%I Not see* to o"tain from
an !nrepresented a%%!sed a wai+er of important pretrial rights( s!%h as the right to a
preliminar hearing; HdI Ma*e timel dis%los!re to the defense of all e+iden%e or
information *nown to the prose%!tor that tends to negate the g!ilt of the a%%!sed or
mitigates the offense( and( in %onne%tion with senten%ing( dis%lose to the defense and
to the tri"!nal all !npri+ileged mitigating information *nown to the prose%!tor(
e@%ept when the prose%!tor is relie+ed of this responsi"ilit " a prote%ti+e order of
the tri"!nal; HeI Not s!"poena a lawer in a grand 2!r or other %riminal pro%eeding
to present e+iden%e a"o!t a past or present %lient !nless the prose%!tor reasona"l
"elie+es= H&I The information so!ght is not prote%ted from dis%los!re " an
appli%a"le pri+ilege; H)I The e+iden%e so!ght is essential to the s!%%essf!l
%ompletion of an ongoing in+estigation or prose%!tion; and H?I There is no other
Page &) -
00037

feasi"le alternati+e to o"tain the information; HfI E@%ept for statements that are
ne%essar to inform the p!"li% of the nat!re and e@tent of the prose%!torJs a%tion and
that ser+e a legitimate law enfor%ement p!rpose( refrain from ma*ing e@tra2!di%ial
%omments that ha+e a s!"stantial li*elihood of heightening p!"li% %ondemnation of
the a%%!sed and e@er%ise reasona"le %are to pre+ent in+estigators( law enfor%ement
personnel( emploees or other persons assisting or asso%iated with the prose%!tor in a
%riminal %ase from ma*ing an e@tra2!di%ial statement that the prose%!tor wo!ld "e
prohi"ited from ma*ing !nder R!le ?,A or this R!le,L Under Brad +, Marland( ?7?
U,9, 4?( 47 H&;A?I( .the s!ppression " the prose%!tion of e+iden%e fa+ora"le to an
a%%!sed ,,, +iolates d!e pro%ess where the e+iden%e is material either to g!ilt or to
p!nishment,,,,/United 9tates +, 9hagan( AA& F,9!pp,)d &)4;( &?)< H9,0, Fla, )'';I
H2!dge reser+ed the right .to impose an f!rther san%tions and1or dis%iplinar
meas!res as ma "e ne%essar against Qthe federal prose%!torsR after re+iewing the
res!lts of the #!sti%e 0epartmentJs in+estigation,/I; United 9tates +, #ones( No, CR
'7>&')4;> MEF( )'&' FE <A<374 H0,Mass, )'&'I H%o!rt determined that
imposition of san%tions against AU9A or go+ernment for fail!re to ade6!atel train
AU9A "ased on fail!re to dis%lose plainl material e@%!lpator e+iden%e were
neither ne%essar nor appropriate where( sin%e +iolation dis%los!re( AU9A( U9
AttorneJs Offi%e and 0O# offi%ials too* a%tions s!%h as parti%ipating in dis%o+er
training programs( whi%h o"+iated need for san%tionsI, As for the P!"li% 0efender=
Ro B, Flemming( If Bo! Pa the Piper( 0o Bo! Call the T!neS P!"li% 0efenders in
Ameri%a-s Criminal Co!rts( &3 EAF T 9OC, INOUIRB ?;? H&;4;I-, Fhat P!"li%
0efenderS The !ndersigned was denied one in %ontra+ention of the 9i@th
Amendment( and it doesn-t matter if the state doesn-t intent to see* 2ail time( one is
re6!ired where 2ail time is a possi"ilit, 9!%h a de%ision wo!ld %onstit!te an
Lo"2e%ti+eL of the representation, 9ee MO0EE RUEE9 OF PROFE99IONAE
CON0UCT R!le &,)HaI; ABA 9tandards for Criminal #!sti%e( 9tandard 3><,)
Page &? -
00038

LControl and 0ire%tion of the CaseL H&;;)I Hspe%ifing that the de%isions to "e made
" the a%%!sed after f!ll %ons!ltation with %o!nsel in%l!de what pleas to enter(
whether to a%%ept a plea agreement( whether to wai+e 2!r trial( whether to testif(
and whether to appealI, The lawers who %hara%teristi%all gra+itate toward indigent
defense wo!ld not( it seems( easil ad2!st to a pra%ti%e that in+ol+ed adhering to a set
of o+erriding instit!tional o"2e%ti+es, Neither their training nor their imp!lses wo!ld
tpi%all prepare p!"li% defenders to "end to the offi%e-s larger goals, In fa%t( the anti>
a!thoritarian nat!re of the wor* appealed to me as a staff lawer, I e@pe%ted to
represent m %lients witho!t either inter+ention or interferen%e from m s!per+isors,
M %lients- o"2e%ti+es were not onl important( "!t the onl ones that mattered, I
remain sensiti+e that " imposing instit!tional %ontrols that to some e@tent %!r" the
re"ellio!s spirit of defenders( the defender offi%e might r!n the ris* of %hanging "oth
the nat!re of defenders- pra%ti%e and the tpe of lawers who %hoose to 2oin the
offi%e, Clearl( if a %riminal defendant has a legitimate and arti%!la"le "asis for
wanting a Motion to 0ismiss filed( it sho!ld "e filed( e+en " a P!"li% 0efender
whose "oss was %hosen( in part( " the 0istri%t Attorne, This is parti%!larl tr!e
where e@%!lpator a!dio and +ideo e+iden%e e@ists( and e+en more so where
e@tortion or other poli%e mis%ond!%t is e+ident( s!%h as %oer%i+e attempts to garner
%onsent to sear%h( threats to "ad mo!th one to a professional li%ens!re "od(
e@%essi+e for%e( se@!al "atter( o+er%harging in a retaliator manner in light of an
assertion of Fo!rth or Fifth Amendment rights( false imprisonment( et%,,,, B now(
the a%tions of Mi%hael Nifong( the former 0istri%t Attorne of 0!rham Co!nt( North
Carolina( that led to his dis"arment are well *nown, 9ee generall Ro"ert P,
Mosteller( The 0!*e Ea%rosse Case( Inno%en%e( and False Identifi%ations= A
F!ndamental Fail!re to .0o #!sti%e/( 7A Fordham E, Re+, &??7 H)''7I, 9ome arg!e
that the sit!ation in+ol+ing Nifong is an isolated %ase, Bet prose%!torial o+errea%hing
has "een an iss!e well "efore this headline>gra""ing %ase %ame along, A re%ent report
Page &3 -
00039

iss!ed " the California Commission on the Fair Administration of #!sti%e referred to
a st!d that re+iewed )(&?' California appellate %ases in whi%h a %laim of
prose%!torial mis%ond!%t was raised, Cal, CommJn on the Fair Admin, of #!sti%e(
Report and Re%ommendations on Professional Responsi"ilit and A%%o!nta"ilit of
Prose%!tors and 0efense Eawers H)''7I( a+aila"le at
http=11www,%%fa2,org1do%!ments1reports1prose%!torial1offi%ial1offi%ial report on
reporting mis%ond!%t,pdf, Of those )(&?' %ases( 33? res!lted in findings that
prose%!torial mis%ond!%t a%t!all o%%!rred, In <? of the 33? %ases( a re+ersal of
%on+i%tion was the res!ltMthe rest %on%l!ding that the mis%ond!%t was harmless
error, Perhaps the most dist!r"ing statisti% is that a follow>!p st!d loo*ing at half of
the %ases res!lting in a re+ersed %on+i%tion %on%l!ded that the prose%!tor was not
referred to the California 9tate Bar for dis%ipline( whi%h is re6!ired !nder California
law, If there is a positi+e aspe%t to the 0!*e Ea%rosse saga( it is that NifongJs a%tions
and !ltimate dis"arment ha+e ser+ed to highlight the important iss!e of prose%!torial
mis%ond!%t and the need for effe%ti+e remedies, Prose%!torial Mis%ond!%t and
Frongf!l Con+i%tions= 9haping Remedies for a Bro*en 9stem( )''A Fis, E, Re+,
?;;( 3'? H)''AI, Moreo+er( ass!ming that the defendant is fa%t!all %!lpa"le( a
%on+i%tion se%!red thro!gh the improper a%tions of a prose%!tor %o!ld "e
!n%onstit!tional and( th!s( s!"2e%t to re+ersal, The res!lt is that the inno%ent are
%on+i%ted and the g!ilt go free( whi%h %an onl e@a%er"ate the p!"li%Js loss of tr!st
in the integrit of the %riminal 2!sti%e sstem, PRO9ECUTORIAE $UI0EEINE9 In
performing their d!ties to see* 2!sti%e( prose%!tors are "o!nd " %onstit!tional
standards( %ase law go+erning trial %ond!%t( and +ario!s ethi%s r!les and standards
pertaining to the prose%!torial f!n%tion, R!le ?,4 of the ABA Model R!les of
Professional Cond!%t H.Model R!les/I spe%ifi%all %o+ers the a%tions and
responsi"ilities of prose%!tors, All state 2!risdi%tions ha+e an ethi%s r!le imposing
spe%ial responsi"ilities on prose%!tors( most "ased on Model R!le ?,4, Prose%!tors
Page &< -
00040

are also g!ided " standards fo!nd in the ABA 9tandards for Criminal #!sti%e
Prose%!tion F!n%tion and 0efense F!n%tion H?d ed, &;;?I H.ABA 9tandards/I and
the National 0istri%t Attornes Asso%iation Prose%!tion 9tandards H)d ed, &;;&I
H.N0AA 9tandards/I, In assessing the %ond!%t of prose%!tors( %o!rts ha+e oftentimes
loo*ed to the ABA 9tandards for g!idan%e, 9ee( e,g,( Miller +, North Carolina( <4?
F,)d 7'&( 7'A n,A H3th Cir, &;74I, For ears( the U,9, 0epartment of #!sti%e H.0O#/I
too* the position that Assistant United 9tates Attornes H.AU9As/I were e@empt
from state ethi%s r!les, The M%0ade Amendment in &;;; laid to rest this arg!ment,
The amendment( atta%hed as a rider to an appropriations "ill( pro+ides= An attorne
for the $o+ernment shall "e s!"2e%t to 9tate laws and r!les( and lo%al Federal %o!rt
r!les( go+erning attornes in ea%h 9tate where s!%h attorne engages in that
attorneJs d!ties( to the same e@tent and in the same manner as other attornes in that
9tate, )4 U,9,C, K <?'BHaI, The Professional Responsi"ilit Ad+isor Offi%e within
the 0O# pro+ides ad+i%e to AU9As regarding ethi%al iss!es and %hoi%e>of>law
matters, EUAMPEE9 OF PRO9ECUTORIAE MI9CON0UCT .Ei*e the Cdra slain
" Cer%!les( prose%!torial mis%ond!%t has man heads,/ United 9tates +, Filliams(
<'3 U,9, ?A( A' H&;;)I H9te+ens( #,( dissentingI; see also #o( s!pra( at 3') Hlisting
n!mero!s forms of prose%!torial mis%ond!%tI, This arti%le fo%!ses on fi+e %ategories=
H&I s!ppression of e+iden%e( H)I mis!se of the media( H?I mis%ond!%t in+ol+ing
witnesses( H3I in+estigati+e mis%ond!%t( and H<I trial mis%ond!%t, An spe%ifi% a%t of
prose%!torial mis%ond!%t ma fall into more than one %ategor, For e@ample(
*nowingl presenting per2!red testimon wo!ld "e mis%ond!%t in+ol+ing a witness(
as well as a +iolation of the d!t to dis%lose e@%!lpator e+iden%e, Nifong %ommitted
in+estigati+e mis%ond!%t in de+ising the photo arra that led to the arrest of the three
la%rosse plaers, The a%%!ser in the %ase( Crstal Mang!m( had "een shown two
photo arrasM one on Mar%h &A( )''A and another on Mar%h )&( )''AMthat did not
%ontain an .fillers,/ E+er single pi%t!re( ?A in total( that Mang!m loo*ed at was a
Page &A -
00041

la%rosse plaer, Mang!m was !na"le to identif an of her alleged atta%*ers, Then(
on Mar%h ?&( )''A( Nifong s!ggested to the poli%e that Mang!m "e shown
photographs of all 3A white mem"ers of the team at the same time, 9ee Mosteller(
s!pra( at &?;4, 0!ring this pro%ed!re( whi%h o%%!rred on April 3( )''A( Mang!m( at
the dire%tion of Nifong( was told that the poli%e had reason to "elie+e that all of the
men she was loo*ing at were at the part where she was allegedl raped, Again( the
arra %ontained no .fillers,/ In essen%e( Mang!m was told that she %o!ld not ma*e a
wrong %hoi%e, It was at this time that Mang!m identified the plaers who were later
%harged, The dire%t %onse6!en%e of this in+estigati+e mis%ond!%t was the indi%tment
of three inno%ent people, Trial Mis%ond!%t Prose%!torial mis%ond!%t d!ring the
%o!rse of trial %o+ers a "road spe%tr!m, For e@ample( a prose%!tor ma improperl=
introd!%e e+iden%e( assassinate the %hara%ter of a defendant( refer to the fa%t that a
defendant did not tal* to the poli%e or ta*e the stand in his or her defense( ma*e
inflammator statements d!ring %losing arg!ment( or attempt to "olster the %redi"ilit
of a prose%!tion witness, 9ee generall( Eawless( s!pra( KK ;N&'; $ershman(
Mis%ond!%t( s!pra( KK &'N&&, ABA 9tandard ?><,4 and N0AA 9tandard 4<,& go+ern
the s%ope of %losing arg!ments, The N0AA 9tandard simpl states= .Closing
arg!ments sho!ld "e %hara%teriGed " fairness( a%%!ra%( rationalit( and a relian%e
!pon the e+iden%e or reasona"le inferen%es drawn therefrom,/ N0AA 9tandard 4<,&,
The ABA 9tandard goes f!rther and spe%ifi%all states that a prose%!tor sho!ld not
e@press his or her personal "elief as to the +era%it of an e+iden%e or g!ilt of the
defendant, The ABA 9tandard also pro+ides that a prose%!tor sho!ld not appeal to
the pre2!di%es of the 2!r, 9ee ABA 9tandard ?> <,4H"IN H%I, Case law is filled with
inn!mera"le instan%es of improper trial %ond!%tMmost of whi%h is deemed harmless,
One prose%!tor who repeatedl went o+er the line a%%ording to appellate %o!rts is
Ro"ert C, Ma%( the former 0istri%t Attorne of O*lahoma Co!nt( O*lahoma, 9ee
Den Armstrong( .Cow"o Bo"/ Ropes FinsMB!t at Considera"le Cost( Chi, Tri",(
Page &7 -
00042

#an, &'( &;;;( at &?, Called a .tr!e patriot/ " former Attorne $eneral Filliam Barr
and honored as .Ameri%aJs prose%!tor/ " the O*lahoma 9enate !pon his retirement
in )''&( Ma% left "ehind a string of %ases %ommenting !nfa+ora"l on his trial
%ond!%t, Pa@ton +, Fard( &;; F,?d &&;7 H&'th Cir, &;;;I; Fashington +, 9tate( ;4;
P,)d ;A' HO*la, Crim, App, &;;;I; O%hoa +, 9tate( ;A? P,)d <4? HO*la, Crim, App,
&;;4I; Torres +, 9tate( ;A) P,)d ? HO*la, Crim, App, &;;4I; Ee +, 9tate( ;37 P,)d <?<
HO*la, Crim, App, &;;7I; 0!%*ett +, 9tate( ;&; P,)d 7 HO*la, Crim, App, &;;<I;
Ro"inson +, 9tate( ;'' P,)d ?4; HO*la, Crim, App, &;;<I; Caw*ins +, 9tate( 4;&
P,)d <4A HO*la, Crim, App, &;;<I; Coo*er +, 9tate( 447 P,)d &?<& HO*la, Crim,
App, &;;3I; Cowell +, 9tate( 44) P,)d &'4A HO*la, Crim, App, &;;3I;
M%Cart +, 9tate( 7A< P,)d &)&< HO*la, Crim, App, &;4<I; Cantrell +, 9tate( A;7
P,)d ;A4 HO*la, Crim, App, &;4<I HPar*s( #,( dissentingI, The re"!*es seem not to
ha+e had an effe%t on his %ond!%t, Ne+ada R!les of Professional Cond!%t R!le &,),
9%ope of Representation and Allo%ation of A!thorit Between Client and Eawer, HaI
9!"2e%t to paragraphs H%I and HdI( a lawer shall a"ide " a %lientJs de%ision
%on%erning the o"2e%ti+es of representation and( as re6!ired " R!le &,3( shall %ons!lt
with the %lient as to the means " whi%h the are to "e p!rs!ed, A lawer ma ta*e
s!%h a%tion on "ehalf of the %lient as is impliedl a!thoriGed to %arr o!t the
representation, A lawer shall a"ide " a %lientJs de%ision whether to settle a matter,
In a %riminal %ase( the lawer shall a"ide " the %lientJs de%ision( after %ons!ltation
with the lawer( as to a plea to "e entered( whether to wai+e 2!r trial and whether the
%lient will testif, H"I A lawerJs representation of a %lient( in%l!ding representation
" appointment( does not %onstit!te an endorsement of the %lientJs politi%al(
e%onomi%( so%ial or moral +iews or a%ti+ities, H%I A lawer ma limit the s%ope of the
representation if the limitation is reasona"le !nder the %ir%!mstan%es and the %lient
gi+es informed %onsent, HdI A lawer shall not %o!nsel a %lient to engage( or assist a
%lient( in %ond!%t that the lawer *nows is %riminal or fra!d!lent( "!t a lawer ma
Page &4
00043

dis%!ss the legal %onse6!en%es of an proposed %o!rse of %ond!%t with a %lient and
ma %o!nsel or assist a %lient to ma*e a good faith effort to determine the +alidit(
s%ope( meaning or appli%ation of the law, QAdded; effe%ti+e Ma &( )''A,R Model
R!le ComparisonM)''A R!le &,) Hformerl 9!preme Co!rt R!le &<)I is the same as
ABA Model R!le &,), R!le &,?, 0iligen%e, A lawer shall a%t with reasona"le
diligen%e and promptness in representing a %lient, QAdded; effe%ti+e Ma &( )''A,R
Model R!le ComparisonM)''A R!le &,? Hformerl 9!preme Co!rt R!le &<?I is the
same as ABA Model R!le &,?, In+estigati+e Mis%ond!%t Press!re to sol+e a %rime
might lead a prose%!tor to get intimatel in+ol+ed in the pre>trial in+estigation of a
matter, 9ee ABA 9tandard ?>?,& H.QTRhe prose%!tor has an affirmati+e responsi"ilit
to in+estigate s!spe%ted illegal a%ti+it when it is not ade6!atel dealt with " other
agen%ies,/I, REME0IE9 To date( prose%!torial mis%ond!%tMe+en the most
egregio!sMhas largel gone !n%he%*ed, 9ee $ershman( Mis%ond!%t( s!pra( at +i
H.Relati+el few 2!di%ial or %onstit!tional san%tions e@ist to penaliGe or deter
mis%ond!%t; the a+aila"le san%tions are sparingl !sed and e+en when !sed ha+e not
pro+ed effe%ti+e,/I, In #an!ar &;;;( the Chi%ago Tri"!ne p!"lished a fi+e>part series
titled= Trial T Error= Cow Prose%!tors 9a%rifi%e #!sti%e to Fin, AnalGing tho!sands
of %ases( the newspaper fo!nd that sin%e &;A? at least ?4& defendants had their
%on+i%tions re+ersed either "e%a!se prose%!tors s!ppressed e@%!lpator e+iden%e or
s!"orned per2!r, Alarmingl( of those ?4& %ases( .not one of those prose%!tors was
%on+i%ted of a %rime, Not one was "arred from pra%ti%ing law, Instead( man saw
their %areers ad+an%e( "e%oming 2!dges or distri%t attornes, One "e%ame a
%ongressman,/ Den Armstrong T Ma!ri%e Possle( The 8erdi%t= 0ishonor( Chi,
Tri",( #an, &'( &;;;( at &, Criminal Prose%!tions The %riminal prose%!tion of a
prose%!tor is e@tremel rare, A%%ording to the Chi%ago Tri"!ne series( .QfRew
prose%!tors nationall ha+e "een indi%ted( and the were a%6!itted or( at worst(
%on+i%ted of a misdemeanor and fined,/ Den Armstrong T Ma!ri%e Possle( Brea*
Page &; -
00044

R!les( Be Promoted( Chi, Tri",( #an, &3( &;;;( at & Qhereinafter Armstrong T Possle(
Brea* R!lesR, This statisti% seems not to ha+e %hanged in the last nine ears,
9!"se6!ent to the Tri"!ne series( two separate %ases were "ro!ght against
prose%!tors for a%ts %ommitted in their offi%ial %apa%it; neither res!lted in
%on+i%tions, The first o%%!rred in mid>&;;;M a %ase in whi%h three former Illinois
state prose%!tors were %harged with %onspiring to frame a man " the name of
Rolando Cr!G for m!rder, Cr!G spent nearl &' ears on 0eath Row "efore it "e%ame
%lear that the prose%!tion had s!ppressed e+iden%e that another person had
%ommitted the %rime and that prose%!tors had %onspired with poli%e offi%ers to
introd!%e a .dream statement/ of Cr!GJs into e+iden%e at his original trial and two re>
trials, A 2!dge dismissed %harges against two of the prose%!tors for ins!ffi%ient
e+iden%e, HOne later "e%ame an Illinois 2!dgeMthe other( an AU9A,I A 2!r
a%6!itted the third after a )4>da trial, 9ee Andrew Bl!th( Prose%!tor and 3 9heriff Js
0ep!ties Are A%6!itted of Frongf!ll A%%!sing a Man of M!rder( N,B, Times( #!ne
<( &;;;( at A;, R!le &,3, Comm!ni%ation, HaI A lawer shall= H&I Promptl inform the
%lient of an de%ision or %ir%!mstan%e with respe%t to whi%h the %lientJs informed
%onsent is re6!ired " these R!les; H)I Reasona"l %ons!lt with the %lient a"o!t the
means " whi%h the %lientJs o"2e%ti+es are to "e a%%omplished; H?I Deep the %lient
reasona"l informed a"o!t the stat!s of the matter; H3I Promptl %ompl with
reasona"le re6!ests for information; and H<I Cons!lt with the %lient a"o!t an
rele+ant limitation on the lawerJs %ond!%t when the lawer *nows that the %lient
e@pe%ts assistan%e not permitted " the R!les of Professional Cond!%t or other law,
H"I A lawer shall e@plain a matter to the e@tent reasona"l ne%essar to permit the
%lient to ma*e informed de%isions regarding the representation, ,,,Added; effe%ti+e
Ma &( )''A; as amended; effe%ti+e No+em"er )&( )''4,R Model R!le ComparisonM
)''7 R!le &,3 Hformerl 9!preme Co!rt R!le &<3I is the same as ABA Model R!le
&,3( e@%ept that the )''7 amendments in%l!de lang!age in paragraph H%I that was
Page )' -
00045

pre+io!sl part of repealed R!le 7,)AHaI thro!gh HdI and HfI Hformerl 9!preme Co!rt
R!le &;A,<I whi%h is Ne+adaspe%ifi% lang!age and has no %o!nterpart in the Model
R!les, 0is%iplinar A%tions Ea%h state "ar has a me%hanism in pla%e for the
dis%ipline of mis%ond!%t " attornes li%ensed in that state, 9eparatel( federal %o!rts
ma dis%ipline attornes who appear "efore them( whi%h ma res!lt in the s!spension
or dis"arment of attornes from that parti%!lar %o!rt, 9ee( e,g,( In re Dramer( )4)
F,?d 7)& H;th Cir, )'')I, F!rther( the 0O#Js Offi%e of Professional Responsi"ilit
H.OPR/I has responsi"ilit for in+estigating allegations of mis%ond!%t %ommitted "
AU9As, It appears that these pro%ed!res are rarel effe%ti+e in dealing with
prose%!torial mis%ond!%t, The dis%iplinar a%tion against Nifong is !n!s!al in that
not onl did it res!lt in dis"arment( "!t "e%a!se it was initiated while %harges against
the 0!*e st!dents were still pending, Re%entl( the Center for P!"li% Integrit
%ond!%ted a st!d that fo!nd onl 33 instan%es of dis%iplinar a%tions against
prose%!tors sin%e &;7', Of those 33= S in 7( the %o!rt dismissed the %omplaint or did
not impose p!nishment; S in ?( the %o!rt remanded the %ase for f!rther pro%eedings; S
in )3( the %o!rt assessed the %osts of the pro%eedings against the prose%!tor; S in )'(
the %o!rt imposed a p!"li% or pri+ate reprimand or %ens!re; S in &( the prose%!tor was
pla%ed on pro"ation; S in &)( the prose%!torJs li%ense was s!spended; S in )( the
prose%!tor was dis"arred, Neil $ordon( Mis%ond!%t and P!nishment= 9tate
0is%iplinar A!thorities In+estigate Prose%!tors A%%!sed of Mis%ond!%t H)''7I(
http=11www,p!"li%integrit,org1pm1defa!lt,asp@Sa%tVside"ars"Taid V?;; see
generall 9te+e Fein"erg et al,( Ctr, for P!", Integrit( Carmf!l Error= In+estigating
Ameri%aJs Eo%al Prose%!tors H)''?I, A follow>!p to the T!lia %ase dis%!ssed a"o+e
re+ealed that the prose%!tor( whose s!"ornation of per2!r and Brad +iolations led
to the wrongf!l %on+i%tions of s%ores of people( re%ei+ed two ears of pro"ation, 9ee
0is%iplinar A%tions( A4 Te@, B,#, 7<?( 7<4 H)''<I, The OPR has the a!thorit to
determine whether an AU9A %ommitted .professional mis%ond!%t in the e@er%ise of
Page )& -
00046

his or her a!thorit to in+estigate( litigate or pro+ide legal ad+i%e,/ U,9, 0epJt of
#!sti%e Offi%e of ProfJl Responsi"ilit( Analti%al Framewor* Hre+, )''<I( a+aila"le
at http=11www,!sdo2,go+1opr1framewor*,pdf, Professional mis%ond!%t is defined as
the intentional or re%*less disregard .of an o"ligation or standard imposed " law(
appli%a"le r!le of professional %ond!%t( or 0epartment reg!lation or poli%,/ Id, If the
OPR determines that an AU9A %ommitted professional mis%ond!%t( it re%ommends a
%ertain san%tion to the attorneJs s!per+isor, A+aila"le san%tions range from a written
reprimand to remo+al, The OPR ma also refer the matter to the "ar dis%iplinar
a!thorit in the 2!risdi%tion in whi%h the attorne is li%ensed, 9ee U,9, 0epJt of
#!sti%e Offi%e of ProfJl Responsi"ilit( Poli%ies T Pro%ed!res( a+aila"le at
http=11www,!sdo2,go+1opr1 polandpro%,htm, In )''&( a $eneral A%%o!nting Offi%e
report %on%l!ded that the OPR was ineffe%ti+e in dealing with prose%!torial
mis%ond!%t, 9ee News Ad+isor( U,9, Co!se of Representati+es( Committee on the
#!di%iar( $AO Report Finds 9ignifi%ant Pro"lems with #!sti%e 0epartmentJs Offi%e
of Professional Responsi"ilit HFe", )'( )''&I( a+aila"le at
http=11www,2!di%iar,ho!se,go+1lega%1news'))',htm, A re%ent highl>p!"li%iGed
%ase ill!strates the pro"lem, Chief #!dge Mar* Folf of the U,9, 0istri%t Co!rt(
0istri%t of Massa%h!setts fo!nd .e@traordinar mis%ond!%t " the 0epartment of
#!sti%e in its in+estigation and prose%!tion of mem"ers of the Patriar%a Famil of Ea
Cosa Nostra,/ Ferrara +, United 9tates( ?43 F, 9!pp, )d ?43( ?47 H0, Mass, )''<I( aff
Jd( 3<A F,?d )74 H&st Cir, )''AI, Chief #!dge Folf fo!nd that AU9A .#effre
A!erhahn( +iolated QhisR %learl esta"lished %onstit!tional d!t to dis%lose , , , "efore
trial( important e@%!lpator information that dire%tl negated Q8in%ent FerraraJs and
Pas6!ale BaroneJsR g!ilt on/ m!rder %harges, Id, The s!ppression of the e+iden%e
was intentional a%%ording to Chief #!dge Folf, 9ee id, at ?;?N ;4, The First Cir%!it
agreed( stating= .QTRhe go+ernmentJs a%tions in this %ase , , , paint a grim pi%t!re of
"latant mis%ond!%t, The re%ord +irt!all %ompels the %on%l!sion that this fe%*less
Page )) -
00047

%o!rse of %ond!%t , , , %onstit!ted a deli"erate and serio!s "rea%h of its promise to
pro+ide e@%!lpator e+iden%e,/ Ferrara +, United 9tates( 3<A F,?d )74( );? H&st Cir,
)''AI Hfootnote omittedI, The OPR in+estigated A!erhahn and %on%l!ded that he had
a%ted in re%*less disregard of his d!t to dis%lose e@%!lpator e+iden%e,
I ha+e "een e+i%ted and perhaps s!"2e%t to an illegal lo%*o!t and !nlawf!l rent
distraint " an attorne representing m Be+erl Cills Cigh 9%hool grad!ate
California Ne!ros!rgeon landlord( who has spent appro@ P?'(''' in attornes fees
p!rs!ing a s!mmar e+i%tion( and whose attorne is withholding m state iss!ed
indentifi%ation( wallet( and all materials ne%essar to m law pra%ti%e all in an
!nlawf!l rent distraint prohi"ited " NR9 3',3A' and 3',<)', I am p!rs!ing a
%ontin!an%e of the !p%oming hearing1trial( I %annot e+en a%%ess when that hearing is,
I ha+e informed opposing %o!nsel Ro"erts of some of the iss!es whi%h will re6!ire
e@tensi+e dis%o+er( a 2!r trial( and more time to afford mself a legitimate
opport!nit to defend this %ase, I ha+e not "een ser+ed an Order responding to m
re6!est for appointment of %o!nsel( as I "elie+e it is re6!ired e+en if the 9tate does
not LintendL to see* 2ail time( where an in%ar%eration is a possi"ilit( the 9i@th
Amendment g!arantees it, Please note that m temporar address for now is= 5a%h
Co!ghlin( Es6, %1o 9il+er 0ollar Motel 4&7 N, 8irginia 9t,( Unit : ) Reno( N8 4;<'&
The opposing %o!nsel in the s!mmar e+i%tion matter is withholding m phone as
well and ref!sing to allow me to a%%ess an mail that ma remain at the propert
from those times when the U9P9 was pro%essing m offi%ial Change of Address,
Email is the "est wa to get in %onta%t with me d!ring this transition period, For
instan%e( I am !nware whether m Motion for Appointment of Co!nsel was granted
or not, I %alled #!dge Coward-s assistant and re6!ested that she email me the do%*et
in this %ase and an pleadings or orders filed( in%l!ding an order that ma ha+e
stemmed form an of m pre+io!s motions( as I am not s!re how those were r!led
on, I "elie+e m internet "ased fa@ ser+i%e will allow me to re%ei+e those materials at
Page )? -
00048

m n!m"er ;3; AA7 73')( tho!gh I wo!ld prefer email( "!t I *now man
go+ernmental entities prefer to fa@ s!%h items, I am re6!esting a 2!r trial( a
s!"stantial %ontin!an%e( and the appointment of %o!nsel, I o"2e%t to the RMC-s
pra%ti%e of ref!sing to tell litigants who the 3 Lho!seL appointed defenders are !pon
6!estioning, F!rther( it has "e%ome %lear that some of these Lformer prose%!torsL
who are now the gang of fo!r Lho!seL defenders( do not e+en anno!n%e to a%%!sed
arraignees that the are( in fa%t( the defender or an attorne or that the ma "e
representing the arraignees, I am here" filing a motion in limine regarding an
materials or information gleaned from the !nlawf!l sear%h " the R9IC Offi%er( who
%learl anno!n%ed that the wo!ld "ase their pro"a"le %a!se to arrest and %ond!%t a
sear%h in%ident to arrest !pon an fail!re to %onsent to a sear%h " the a%%!sed,
F!rther( the alleged %ond!%t did not o%%!r in the Offi%er-s presen%e( and I "elie+e
there e@ists a!thorit pre+enting a minor misdemeanor arrest and transport !nder
those %ir%!mstan%es, Additionall( more time is needed to %ond!%t dis%o+er in this
matter( espe%iall in light of allegations that Falmart had pre+io!sl threatened
indi+id!als( in%l!ding( perhaps( the a%%!sed( with retaliator a%tion( in%l!ding illi%it
a"!se of pro%ess( for the p!rported attempts " someone to ha+e the Falmart Ret!rn
Poli% enfor%ed( and to hold a%%o!nta"le all Falmart emploees and managers( some
of whom ha+e o+er a de%ade e@perien%e in their positions( who %!rio!sl LforgetL
the Ret!rn Poli% Falmart holds o!t to the p!"li% when it is %on+enient to do so(
the same Ret!rn Poli% that Falmart !sed to dri+e o!t of "!siness so man
%ompetitors, F!rther( this %ase is li*el to get e@tremel %ompli%ated gi+en the
apparent %onfli%t of interest stemming from the fa%t that the Falmart in 6!estion is
on land owned " the R9IC( whi%h ma own or emplo the R9IC poli%e( and whi%h
is rented or owned in part " Falmart, I *now Opposing Co!nsel Ro"erts ma
appre%iate a %ontin!an%e as well and the opport!nit it wo!ld afford her to f!lfill her
NRCP && d!t and other prose%!torial d!ties to %ond!%t a reasona"l diligent in6!ir
Page )3 -
00049

into these matters,,,,,/I did o"tain a %op of the Ldis%o+erL a"o!t the se%ond da it
was made a+aila"le to me from o!r offi%e in person, At that time( no +ideo e+iden%e
was made a+aila"le to me, Is there now some +ideo or a!dio re%ording to whi%h I
ma "e pro+ided a%%essS Fo!ld o! mind 2!st emailing me the names of the
intended witnesses, 0o o! "elie+e o! do not ha+e a d!t to ma*e a reasona"l
diligent in6!ir of either Falmart or R9IC do assess the +alidit of the matters
mentioned in m last email( ie the retaliator moti+e +is a +is Falmart and or the
impermissi"le sear%h1 3) U9C 9e% &;4? poli%e mis%ond!%t of the R9IC offi%ersS
F!ll +iewWWBa%* to messagesRE= motion for %ontin!an%eS &&1&A1&& Pamela
Ro"ertsTo 5a%h Co!ghlin From= Pamela Ro"erts Hro"ertspXreno,go+I 9ent= Fed
&&1&A1&& <=&) PM To= 5a%h Co!ghlin HGa%h%o!ghlinXhotmail,%omI Mr, Co!ghlin(
o! sho!ld ha+e alread re%ei+ed a noti%e regarding the a+aila"ilit of dis%o+er and
re6!est for re%ipro%al dis%o+er, Bo! 2!st need to %all ahead at ??3>)'<' and arrange
to pi%* it !p, Bo! are entitled to %opies of all the reports and witness statements and
+ideo we ma ha+e on this %ase, 9in%e I am not %alling an additional witnesses that
are not alread mentioned in the reports1statements( I am not o"ligated to send o! an
additional list of witnesses, I am also not o"ligated to do an f!rther in+estigation or
inter+iews, Pam Ro"erts, >>>>>Original Message>>>>> From= 5a%h Co!ghlin
YGa%h%o!ghlinXhotmail,%omZ To= Yro"ertspXreno,go+Z 0ate= Fed( &A No+ )'&&
&<=?<=34 >'4'' 9!"2e%t= RE= motion for %ontin!an%e Ms, Ro"erts( Than*s for o!r
repl, Please as%ertain from Falmart whether an Falmart emploees had( pre+io!s
to this in%ident( made an threats respe%ting mali%io!sl ha+ing the a%%!sed "anned
from Falmart-s in%ident to a disagreement o+er Falmart staff and managers %!rio!s
pra%ti%e of LforgettingL their ret!rn poli%( despite some indi+id!als ha+ing wor*ed
there o+er &' ears,,,,F!rther( I "elie+e it rele+ant and part of o!r d!t to pro+ide
e@%!lpator information to as%ertain whether the R9IC poli%e offi%er made
statements wherein he attempted to %oer%e a %onsent to an impermissi"le sear%h and
Page )< -
00050

f!rther "!ttressed his pro"a"le %a!se finding to %ond!%t a sear%h in%ident to arrest(
e@pressl( in words( to the a%%!sed( !pon the a%%!sed-s fail!re to %onsent to s!%h a
sear%h, Please pro+ide a list of an witnesses o! intend to %all at trial( in%l!ding a
s!mmation of the matters the will testif to( in addition to prod!%ing a %op or
ma*ing a+aila"le for reprod!%tion an do%!mentation( a!dio( +ideo( or other
materials intended to "e !sed in an wa at trial, Than* Bo!(
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 0ate= Mon( &3
No+ )'&& &'=?A=3< >'4'' From= ro"ertspXreno,go+ To= Ga%h%o!ghlinXhotmail,%om
9!"2e%t= Re= motion for %ontin!an%e Mr, Co!ghlin( we were %losed on Frida and I
ha+e 2!st read o!r email, If o! ha+e not re%ei+ed %onfirmation from the Co!rt that
o!r trial date has "een %ontin!ed( o! will need to appear this afternoon at &='' pm
in Co!rtroom B of the Reno M!ni%ipal Co!rt, Fe %an dis%!ss o!r %ase f!rther at
that time and if we are !na"le to resol+e the %ase( o! %an as* the Co!rt again for a
%ontin!an%e and I won-t o"2e%t, Cowe+er( it is the Co!rt-s de%ision to grant o!r
motion to %ontin!e, It is also the Co!rt-s de%ision whether to appoint o! a legal
defender, I do not plan to as* for 2ail time( so the Co!rt is not re6!ired to appoint o!
an attorne, In addition( o! ha+e no right to a 2!r trial in a misdemeanor %ase, I
hope o!r ho!sing sit!ation impro+es, 9ee o! this afternoon, Pam Ro"erts( 0ep!t
Cit Attorne, >>>>>Original Message>>>>> From= 5a%h Co!ghlin
YGa%h%o!ghlinXhotmail,%omZ To= Yro"ertspXreno,go+Z 0ate= Fri( && No+ )'&&
'&=3'=<? >'4'' 9!"2e%t= motion for %ontin!an%e 0ear Co!nselor Ro"erts( I "elie+e
o! are the prose%!tor for the %ase against me( 9tate +, Co!ghlin( whi%h I "elie+e is
still set for trial on No+em"er &3th( I thin* at &pm, I am not totall s!re that there is a
d!t to ser+e o! on s!%h a thing( "!t I filed a Motion for Contin!an%e and a Motion
for Appointment of Co!nsel sometime within a"o!t the last &' das( I wo!ld sa, I
"elie+e I attempted to %op o! on it( "!t ha+e re%entl "een e+i%ted and its "een a
+er diffi%!lt time in terms of %oordinating paperwor*( et%,( et%, I apologiGe for an
Page )A -
00051

in%on+enien%e this ma ha+e %a!se o!, I am !ns!re of whether the No+em"er &3th
trial is still set to ta*e pla%e, I "elie+e fairness di%tates that it "e %ontin!ed to a later
date, I ha+e re6!est %o!nsel "!t ha+e et to re%ei+e an( or wait( I was denied a
re6!est to re%ei+e %o!nsel "e%a!se #!dge Coward said there is not a Ath amendment
right to %o!nsel where( e+en tho!gh 2ail time is te%hni%all a possi"ilit( the state
does not anti%ipate see*ing 2ail time,,,or something li*e that( howe+er( I fo!nd some
%ases that sa I sho!ld still get %o!nsel appointed( espe%iall where I show I am
indigent( and I "elie+e I 6!alif as indigent rather easil, Can and wo!ld o! agree to
a %ontin!an%eS I "elie+e I tried to %onta%t a"o!t this prior to filing m Re6!est for a
Contin!an%e, I maintain m inno%en%e in this %ase and feel an sort of %on+i%tion(
espe%iall one in+ol+ing an sort of theft "ased %harge( wo!ld wor* a terri"le
in2!sti%e and greatl damage m rep!tation and emploment prospe%ts, I want a 2!r
trial( too, 9in%erel(/
The san%tion was a pri+ate written reprimand, Not satisfied( Chief #!dge Folf
initiated his own dis%iplinar a%tion against A!erhahn and wrote then> Attorne
$eneral Al"erto $onGales a letter on #!ne );( )''7 %riti%iGing the OPR, Asso%iate
0ep!t Attorne $eneral 0a+id Margolis replied " letter to Chief #!dge Folf(
asserting that .the dis%ipline imposed " the 0epartment was %onsistent with(
%orrelated to( and proportional with the findings that res!lted from OPRJs
in+estigation,/ Eetter from 0a+id Margolis to The Conora"le Mar* E, Folf HO%t, )(
)''7I, 9till not satisfied( Chief #!dge Folf wrote Attorne $eneral Mi%hael
M!*ase, In this letter( Chief #!dge Folf noted that he assisted in the esta"lishment
of OPR( "!t now has .serio!s 6!estions a"o!t whether 2!dges sho!ld %ontin!e to rel
!pon the 0epartment to in+estigate and san%tion mis%ond!%t " federal prose%!tors,/
Eetter from The Conora"le Mar* E, Folf to The Conora"le Mi%hael B, M!*ase
H#an, )( )''4I, The letters ma "e fo!nd in the %o!rt files of Barone +, United 9tates(
No, ;4>&&&'3 H0, Mass, &;;4I and Ferrara +, United 9tates( No, ''>&&A;? H0, Mass,
Page )7 -
00052

)'''I, 9ellers +, Fo!rth #!di%ial 0ist, Ct,( &&; Ne+, )<A( 7& P ,?d 3;< H)''?I( "!t(
see= NOTE= Awarding Attorne-s Fees to Pro 9e Eitigants Under R!le &&( #!ne(
&;;7( ;< Mi%h, E, Re+, )?'4( #erem 0, 9pe%tor, 9ellers spea*s to awards of
attorne-s fees to pre+ailing parties in %i+il a%tions, It does not p!rport to spea* to
attorne-s fees awards stemming from R!le && +iolation( a sit!ation where the
granting of attorne-s fees to an attorne pro se litigant is far more a%%epted
thro!gho!t Ameri%an 2!rispr!den%e, To wit= .states that ha+e %onsidered whether an
attorne proper person litigant ma "e awarded attorne fees are di+ided( with a
slight ma2orit permitting s!%h fees, 0e%isions appro+ing fee awards to attorne
proper person litigants generall do so on the "asis that an attorne is paid for
rendering legal ser+i%es( and if he renders s!%h ser+i%es on his own "ehalf( it res!lts
in as m!%h pe%!niar loss to him as if he paid another attorne to render the same
ser+i%es, 9o( if a losing part m!st pa attorne fees anwa( it sho!ld ma*e no
differen%e whether the fees are to "e paid to an attorne representing himself or
another attorne emploed " him, In short( La lawer-s time and ad+i%e are his sto%*
in trade,L,,,Fe interpret NR9 A;,'?' to re6!ire that all proper person litigants(
whether attorne or non>attorne( "e o"ligated to pa attorne fees as a prere6!isite
for an award of pre+ailing part attorne fees, This interpretation gi+es effe%t to the
Eegislat!re-s %lear intent that the pre+ailing part in 2!sti%e-s %o!rt "e reim"!rsed "
the losing part for o!t>ofpo%*et %osts in%!rred to prose%!te the s!it, To interpret the
stat!te otherwise wo!ld re6!ire !s to redefine what is meant " an attorne fee(
whi%h is %ommonl !nderstood to "e the s!m paid or %harged for legal ser+i%es,
Be%a!se Matthews represented himself and did not pa or in%!r an o"ligation to pa
attorne fees( the 2!sti%e-s %o!rt e@%eeded its 2!risdi%tion " awarding s!%h fees, Fe
therefore grant( in part( the petition for a writ of %ertiorari,/ 9ellers +, Fo!rth #!di%ial
0ist, Ct,( &&; Ne+, )<A( 7& P ,?d 3;< H)''?I, NR9 A;,'?' .Pre+ailing part allowed
attorne-s fee to "e ta@ed as %osts in 2!sti%e %o!rt, The pre+ailing part in an %i+il
Page )4 -
00053

a%tion at law in the 2!sti%e %o!rts of this 9tate shall re%ei+e( in addition to the %osts of
%o!rt as now allowed " law( a reasona"le attorne fee, The attorne fee shall "e
fi@ed " the 2!sti%e and ta@ed as %osts against the losing part,/
AFFIRMATION P!rs!ant to NR9 )?;B,'?' The !ndersigned does here" affirm
that the pre%eding do%!ment does not %ontain the so%ial se%!rit n!m"er of an
person,
0ATE0 this No+em"er );
th
( )'&&
[1s1 5a%h Co!ghlin
5a%h Co!ghlin
Attorne for 0efendant Co!ghlin
Page ); -
00054

PROOF OF SER:ICE
I( 5a%h Co!ghlin( de%lare= On No+em"er );( )'&&( I( Mr, 5a%h Co!ghlin ser+ed
the foregoing MOTION FOR 9ANCTION9 AN0 ATTORNEB-9 FEE9; emailing a
tr!e %op thereof to=
Pam Ro"ert( Es6, -
Reno Cit Att Offi%e -
ro"ertspXreno,go+
AFFIRMATION P!rs!ant to NR9 )?;B,'?'
The !ndersigned does here" affirm that the pre%eding do%!ment does not
%ontain the so%ial se%!rit n!m"er of an person,
0ATE0 this No+em"er );
th
( )'&&
[1s1 5a%h Co!ghlin
5a%h Co!ghlin
Attorne for 0efendant Co!ghlin
Page ?' -
00055

INDE; TO ATTAC<MENTS
EUCIBIT &= TFO EAF RE8IEF ARTICEE9 ON PRO9ECUTORIAE
MI9CON0UCT= .Crossing the Eine= Responding to Prose%!torial Mis%ond!%t/ H&?
PA$E9/( AN0 .PRO9ECUTORIAE MI9CON0UCT/ H?? PA$E9I
Page ?& -
00056

EUCIBIT &
Page ?)
00057

ABA Section of Litigation Annual Conference, April 16 18, 2008:
Crossing the Line: Responding to Prosecutorial Misconduct
Crossing the Line:
Responding to Prosecutorial Misconduct
INTRODUCTION
Among lawyers, a prosecutor is in a unique position. Normally a lawyer is free toindeed, expected
tozealously advocate on behalf of his or her client. Prosecutors, however, are not simply advocates
for the government. They are also ministers of justice whose aim is not to win a case, but that justice
shall be done. Berger v. United States, 295 U.S. 78, 88 (1935). As such, [i]t is as much his duty to
refrain from improper methods calculated to produce a wrongful conviction as it is to use every
legitimate means to bring about a just one. Id.; see generally Bennett L. Gershman, The Prosecutors
Duty to Truth, 14 Geo. J. Legal Ethics 309 (2001).
By now, the actions of Michael Nifong, the former District Attorney of Durham County, North
Carolina, that led to his disbarment are well known. See generally Robert P. Mosteller, The Duke
Lacrosse Case, Innocence, and False Identifications: A Fundamental Failure to Do Justice, 76
Fordham L. Rev. 1337 (2007). Some argue that the situation involving Nifong is an isolated case. Yet
prosecutorial overreaching has been an issue well before this headline-grabbing case came along.
A recent report issued by the California Commission on the Fair Administration of J ustice referred to a
study that reviewed 2,130 California appellate cases in which a claim of prosecutorial misconduct was
raised. Cal. Commn on the Fair Admin. of J ustice, Report and Recommendations on Professional
Responsibility and Accountability of Prosecutors and Defense Lawyers (2007), available at
http://www.ccfaj.org/documents/reports/prosecutorial/official/official report on reporting
misconduct.pdf. Of those 2,130 cases, 443 resulted in findings that prosecutorial misconduct actually
occurred. In 53 of the 443 cases, a reversal of conviction was the resultthe rest concluding that the
misconduct was harmless error. Perhaps the most disturbing statistic is that a follow-up study looking
at half of the cases resulting in a reversed conviction concluded that the prosecutor was not referred to
the California State Bar for discipline, which is required under California law. If there is a positive
aspect to the Duke Lacrosse saga, it is that Nifongs actions and ultimate disbarment have served to
highlight the important issue of prosecutorial misconduct and the need for effective remedies.
Few would claim that any prosecutor intentionally sets out to seek the conviction of an innocent
person. Rather, it is argued that prosecutorial misconduct stems from a win at all cost mentality
underlying the desire to further a career, or a firm belief in the defendants guilt notwithstanding
admissible evidence. See Joseph F. Lawless, Prosecutorial Misconduct 1:06, at 1-15 (3d ed. 2003).
Regardless of the causes, the effects of prosecutorial misconduct are distressing. Two different studies
of persons exonerated by DNA evidence have shown that prosecutorial misconduct played a role in
convicting an innocent person nearly half of the time. See Peter A. J oy, The Relationship Between
1
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Prosecutorial Misconduct and Wrongful Convictions: Shaping Remedies for a Broken System, 2006
Wis. L. Rev. 399, 403 (2006). Moreover, assuming that the defendant is factually culpable, a
conviction secured through the improper actions of a prosecutor could be unconstitutional and, thus,
subject to reversal. The result is that the innocent are convicted and the guilty go free, which can only
exacerbate the publics loss of trust in the integrity of the criminal justice system.
PROSECUTORIAL GUIDELINES
In performing their duties to seek justice, prosecutors are bound by constitutional standards, case law
governing trial conduct, and various ethics rules and standards pertaining to the prosecutorial function.
Rule 3.8 of the ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct (Model Rules) specifically covers the
actions and responsibilities of prosecutors. All state jurisdictions have an ethics rule imposing special
responsibilities on prosecutors, most based on Model Rule 3.8. Prosecutors are also guided by
standards found in the ABA Standards for Criminal Justice Prosecution Function and Defense
Function (3d ed. 1993) (ABA Standards) and the National District Attorneys Association
Prosecution Standards (2d ed. 1991) (NDAA Standards). In assessing the conduct of prosecutors,
courts have oftentimes looked to the ABA Standards for guidance. See, e.g., Miller v. North Carolina,
583 F.2d 701, 706 n.6 (4th Cir. 1978).
For years, the U.S. Department of J ustice (DOJ ) took the position that Assistant United States
Attorneys (AUSAs) were exempt from state ethics rules. The McDade Amendment in 1999 laid to
rest this argument. The amendment, attached as a rider to an appropriations bill, provides:
An attorney for the Government shall be subject to State laws and rules, and local
Federal court rules, governing attorneys in each State where such attorney engages
in that attorneys duties, to the same extent and in the same manner as other
attorneys in that State.
28 U.S.C. 530B(a). The Professional Responsibility Advisory Office within the DOJ provides
advice to AUSAs regarding ethical issues and choice-of-law matters.
EXAMPLES OF PROSECUTORIAL MISCONDUCT
Like the Hydra slain by Hercules, prosecutorial misconduct has many heads. United States v.
Williams, 504 U.S. 36, 60 (1992) (Stevens, J ., dissenting); see also J oy, supra, at 402 (listing
numerous forms of prosecutorial misconduct). This article focuses on five categories: (1) suppression
of evidence, (2) misuse of the media, (3) misconduct involving witnesses, (4) investigative
misconduct, and (5) trial misconduct. Any specific act of prosecutorial misconduct may fall into more
than one category. For example, knowingly presenting perjured testimony would be misconduct
involving a witness, as well as a violation of the duty to disclose exculpatory evidence.
Suppression of Evi dence
[V]iolations of Brady are the most recurring and pervasive of all constitutional
procedural violations, with disastrous consequences: innocent people are wrongfully
2
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convicted; the reputation of U.S. prosecutors suffer; and the absence of meaningful
legal and ethical enforcement and accountability has a corrosive effect on the
publics perception of a justice system that often appears to be arbitrary, unjust, and
simply unreliable.
Bennett L. Gershman, Litigating Brady v. Maryland: Games Prosecutors Play, 57 Case W. Res. L.
Rev. 13, 15 (2007) [hereinafter Gershman, Litigating].
The key holding of Brady v. Maryland is that the suppression by the prosecution of evidence
favorable to an accused upon request violates due process where the evidence is material either to
guilt or to punishment, irrespective of the good faith or bad faith of the prosecution. 373 U.S. 83, 87
(1963). Arguably, because a Brady violation may occur even when the prosecutor acts in good faith,
the term prosecutorial misconduct in the suppression of evidence context should be used only when
the prosecutor intentionally withholds exculpatory material.
In United States v. Agurs, the Supreme Court explained that a prosecutor has a constitutional duty of
disclosure when he or she is in possession of evidence that would deny a defendant a fair trial if that
evidence were not disclosed. See 427 U.S. 97, 108 (1976). The Court has stressed that because a
prosecutor is in a different position to determine the materiality of a piece of evidence than is an
appellate court, the prudent prosecutor will resolve doubtful questions in favor of disclosure. Id.
The Supreme Court has clarified that the constitutional requirement that a prosecutor disclose
evidence that is favorable and material exists regardless of whether the defendant makes a request for
a specific piece of evidence, a general request for favorable evidence, or no request at all. United
States v. Bagley, 473 U.S. 667, 682 (1985). When considering the issue retrospectively, appellate
courts conclude that the duty existed when there is a reasonable probability that, had the evidence
been disclosed to the defense, the result of the proceeding would have been different. A reasonable
probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome. Id. Moreover, a
prosecutor has a duty to learn of any favorable evidence known to the others acting on the
governments behalf in the case, including the police. Kyles v. Whitley, 514 U.S. 419, 437 (1995).
Finally, there is no constitutional significance between impeachment evidence and evidence that is
directly exculpatory. The key to a Brady violation is the materiality of the withheld evidence. See
Bagley, 473 U.S. at 67678.
Ethical rules require more than the constitutional minimum of Brady. Although the NDAA Standards
seem to require only slightly more than the constitutional minimum, see NDAA Standard 25.4 (The
prosecutor should disclose the existence or nature of exculpatory evidence pertinent to the defense.),
the Model Rules and ABA Standards go further. Model Rule 3.8(d) provides that a prosecutor must:
make timely disclosure to the defense of all evidence or information known to the
prosecutor that tends to negate the guilt of the accused or mitigates the offense, and,
in connection with sentencing, disclose to the defense and to the tribunal all
unprivileged mitigating information known to the prosecutor, except when the
prosecutor is relieved of this responsibility by a protective order of the tribunal.
3
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Likewise ABA Standard 3-3.11(a) provides:
A prosecutor should not intentionally fail to make timely disclosure to the defense, at
the earliest feasible opportunity, of the existence of all evidence or information which
tends to negate the guilt of the accused or mitigate the offense charged or which
would tend to reduce the punishment of the accused.
The commentary to ABA Standard 3-3.11 notes that this provision is virtually identical to that
imposed by ABA model ethical codes, [and] goes beyond the corollary duty imposed upon prosecutors
by constitutional law. (Footnote omitted.) See also Kyles, 514 U.S. at 437 (noting that Brady
requires less of the prosecution than the ABA Standards for Criminal J ustice, which call generally for
prosecutorial disclosures of any evidence tending to exculpate or mitigate). Finally, ABA Standard 3-
3.11(c) warns that [a] prosecutor should not intentionally avoid pursuit of evidence because he or she
believes it will damage the prosecutions case or aid the accused.
Nifong suppressed exculpatory evidence when he did not tell the defense team that DNA from
numerous males, none of it from any of the lacrosse players, was found in items obtained from the
complainant during her medical examination. This evidence was inconsistent with the complainants
allegations that she was raped by several of the team members. It also contradicted her claims that she
had not had sex with anyone in over a week prior to the alleged incident. See generally Stuart Taylor,
J r. & KC J ohnson, Until Proven Innocent (2007).
One of the most egregious cases of a prosecutor failing to disclose impeachment evidence occurred in
the small town of Tulia, Texas. In 1999, 38 people (36 of them black) were arrested on drug charges
and later convicted. The only evidence used to secure their convictions was the uncorroborated
testimony of one undercover officer with severe credibility problems. At a hearing several years later,
a judge determined that the prosecutor had failed to turn over evidence impeaching the officers
credibility, and stood silent when he knew the officer was committing perjury. All of the defendants
were either pardoned or had their convictions overturned. See Laura Parker, Court Cases Raise
Conduct Concerns, USA Today, J une 26, 2003, at 3A. A more thorough discussion of how
prosecutors may evade their responsibility to disclose exculpatory evidence may be found in
Gershman, Litigating, supra.
Mi suse of the Media
Ethical rules prohibit all lawyers involved in litigation or investigations from making statements to the
media that would prejudice the matter. Model Rule 3.6(a) provides:
A lawyer who is participating or has participated in the investigation or litigation of
a matter shall not make an extrajudicial statement that the lawyer knows or
reasonably should know will be disseminated by means of public communication and
will have a substantial likelihood of materially prejudicing an adjudicative
proceeding in the matter.
Model Rule 3.8(f), which applies specifically to prosecutors and is meant to protect a defendants
Sixth Amendment right to a fair trial, is worded similarly to Model Rule 3.6(a). It also imposes a duty
4
00061

on a prosecutor to take reasonable steps to prevent the entire prosecutorial team from making
prejudicial statements:
[E]xcept for statements that are necessary to inform the public of the nature and
extent of the prosecutors action and that serve a legitimate law enforcement
purpose, [a prosecutor shall] refrain from making extrajudicial comments that have
a substantial likelihood of heightening public condemnation of the accused and
exercise reasonable care to prevent investigators, law enforcement personnel,
employees or other persons assisting or associated with the prosecutor in a criminal
case from making an extrajudicial statement that the prosecutor would be prohibited
from making under Rule 3.6 or this Rule.
Standard 3-1.4 of the ABA Standards is basically an amalgam of Model Rules 3.6(a) and 3.8(f). The
full text of Standard 3-1.4 follows:
(a) A prosecutor should not make or authorize the making of an extrajudicial
statement that a reasonable person would expect to be disseminated by means of
public communication if the prosecutor knows or reasonably should know that it will
have a substantial likelihood of prejudicing a criminal proceeding.
(b) A prosecutor should exercise reasonable care to prevent investigators, law
enforcement personnel, employees, or other persons assisting or associated with the
prosecutor from making an extrajudicial statement that the prosecutor would be
prohibited from making under this Standard.
The DOJ has promulgated regulations governing the release of information in criminal cases. 28
C.F.R. 50.2(a)(b). The regulations provide that very general information about the defendant,
charging instrument, investigating agency, and circumstances of arrest may be released. 50.2(b)(3).
Importantly, [d]isclosures should include only incontrovertible, factual matters, and should not
include subjective observations. 50.2(b)(3)(iv). The regulations clearly prohibit dissemination of
any information concerning a defendants prior criminal record, 50.2(b)(4), and also list numerous
types of information or opinions that a prosecutor should refrain from making available.
50.2(b)(6). The United States Attorney Manual (USAM) contains guidelines to implement the
regulations, but cautions that they do not create any rights enforceable in law or otherwise in any
party. USAM 1-7.001.
Improper extra-judicial statements include: releasing grand jury material, commenting on the bad
character of a defendant, referring to the crime as heinous or reprehensible, disclosing a defendants
confession, disclosing a defendants criminal record, discussing trial strategy, opining on the
defendants guilt, claiming that the governments case is strong, and commenting on the defendants
lack of cooperation. See Bennett L. Gershman, Prosecutorial Misconduct 6:3:10 (2d ed. 2007)
[hereinafter Gershman, Misconduct]. But see 28 C.F.R. 50.2(b)(6) (providing that a prosecutor
should refrain from giving an opinion as to the defendants guilt and referring to the defendants
character or confession).
5
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The Disciplinary Hearing Commission of the North Carolina State Bar determined that Nifong had
violated Rule 3.6(a) and 3.8(f) of North Carolinas Revised Rules of Professional Conduct on at least
30 different occasions. A small sampling of the statements include:
[O]ne would wonder why one needs an attorney if one was not charged and had not done anything
wrong.
The contempt that was shown for the victim, based on her race was totally abhorrent. It adds
another layer of reprehensibleness to a crime that is already reprehensible.
I would not be surprised if condoms were used. Probably an exotic dancer would not be your first
choice for unprotected sex.
Im not going to let Durhams view in the minds of the world to be a bunch of lacrosse players
from Duke raping a black girl in Durham.
What happened here was one of the worst things thats happened since I have become district
attorney.
They dont want to admit the enormity of what they have done.
Natl Org. of Bar Counsel, Case of the Month (J une 2007), http://www.nobc.org/cases/0607.asp.
Nifongs numerous statements inflamed the public, the pool from which the jury would have been
drawn had the case gone to trial.
Mi sconduct Invol vi ng Wi tnesses
It should go without saying that a prosecutor acts unethically when he or she suborns perjury. Such
conduct undermines the integrity of our adversarial system and, at a minimum, violates Model Rule
3.3(a)(3), which prohibits any lawyer from knowingly offering false evidence. Similar to the Model
Rule, ABA Standard 3-5.6(a) succinctly states: A prosecutor should not knowingly offer false
evidence, whether by documents, tangible evidence, or the testimony of witnesses, or fail to seek
withdrawal thereof upon discovery of its falsity.
Beyond the ethics of presenting perjured testimony, the knowing use of such testimony involve[s] a
corruption of the truth-seeking function of the trial process. Agurs, 427 U.S. at 104. [A] conviction
obtained by the knowing use of perjured testimony is fundamentally unfair, and must be set aside if
there is any reasonable likelihood that the false testimony could have affected the judgment of the
jury. Id. at 103 (emphases added) (footnote omitted). This rule equally applies when a prosecutor,
although not soliciting false evidence, allows it to go uncorrected when it appears, even when the
uncorrected testimony goes to the credibility of the witness. Napue v. Illinois, 360 U.S. 264, 269
(1959).
In addition to the Tulia case discussed above, another well-known case of a prosecutor using perjured
testimony in order to obtain a conviction occurred in the Detroit Sleeper Cell terrorism trial.
Although the case was riddled with various forms of prosecutorial misconduct, perjury played a key
role.
Central to the prosecutions case in United States v. Koubriti, No. 01-80778 (E.D. Mich.), was a sketch
recovered from the defendants apartment containing the words Queen Alia and Hashemite
Kingdom of J ordan written in Arabic. Indictment, United States v. Convertino, No.06-cr-20173, at 3
6
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(E.D. Mich. Mar. 29, 2006). The government presented testimony through a Department of State
Special Agent that he had traveled to the Queen Alia Military Hospital in Jordan and concluded that
the sketch was almost an exact representation of the facility. Among the agents assertions was that a
very large dead tree corresponded with a marking on the sketch and provided certainty that the
drawing depicted the hospital. See Bennett L. Gershman, How Juries Get It WrongAnatomy of the
Detroit Terror Case, 44 Washburn L.J. 327, 33233 (2005). Both on direct and on cross, the agent
claimed that he had not taken any photographs of the facility because of security restrictions.
According to the DOJ , however, the truth was that the agent had taken numerous aerial photographs of
the facility at the request of the prosecutor, Richard Convertino. Although it appears Convertino never
received these specific photographs taken, he did obtain photographs of the Queen Alia Military
Hospital taken by the agents replacement. Not only did Convertino elicit perjury from the agent
during his direct testimony (and allow it to stand during cross-examination), Convertino never
disclosed to the defense the photographs he eventually did receive. Indictment, United States v.
Convertino, No.06-cr-20173, at 34. In an unprecedented case, the DOJ s Public Integrity Section
charged and tried Smith and Convertino with obstruction of justice, perjury, and conspiracy. Id. Both
were acquitted.
Witness coaching can also be a form of prosecutorial misconduct. See generally Bennett L.
Gershman, Witness Coaching by Prosecutors, 23 Cardozo L. Rev. 829 (2002). Although witness
coaching has received scant attention from courts, a recent case may cause jurists to more closely
scrutinize this issue. A Virginia lawyer, Leslie Smith, represented William J ones, the co-defendant of
Daryl Atkins. Based on J oness testimony, Atkins received the sentence of death for the murder of
Eric Nesbitt. Atkinss case went all the way to the Supreme Court, where the Court ruled that the U.S.
Constitution bars the execution of those with mental retardation. See Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304
(2002). As of early 2008, however, Virginia was still trying to put Atkins to death, arguing that Atkins
was not mentally retarded.
Recently, Smith came forward and revealed that in 1997 prosecutors had coached his client, William
J ones, into providing testimony that more closely aligned with their theory that Atkins, and not J ones,
was the triggerman. Soon after the coaching had occurred, Smith went to the Virginia State Bars
ethics counsel, but was told that he could not disclose information about the coaching since it would
be detrimental to his client. Approximately ten years later, Smith finally came forward after getting
the green light from the Virginia State Bar because J oness case is now final. Because of Smiths
account, a court in J anuary 2008 commuted Atkinss death sentence to life imprisonment. See Adam
Liptak, Lawyer Reveals Secret, Toppling Death Sentence, N.Y. Times, J an. 19, 2008, at A1.
Investi gati ve Mi sconduct
Pressure to solve a crime might lead a prosecutor to get intimately involved in the pre-trial
investigation of a matter. See ABA Standard 3-3.1 ([T]he prosecutor has an affirmative responsibility
to investigate suspected illegal activity when it is not adequately dealt with by other agencies.).
Although the line between investigating a crime and prosecuting a crime can be fuzzy, suffice it to say
that a prosecutor acts in an investigative capacity when gathering facts such as staging an undercover
operation or engaging in wiretapping. See generally Gershman, Misconduct, supra, 1.
7
00064

Nifong committed investigative misconduct in devising the photo array that led to the arrest of the
three lacrosse players. The accuser in the case, Crystal Mangum, had been shown two photo arrays
one on March 16, 2006 and another on March 21, 2006that did not contain any fillers. Every
single picture, 36 in total, that Mangum looked at was a lacrosse player. Mangum was unable to
identify any of her alleged attackers. Then, on March 31, 2006, Nifong suggested to the police that
Mangum be shown photographs of all 46 white members of the team at the same time. See Mosteller,
supra, at 1398. During this procedure, which occurred on April 4, 2006, Mangum, at the direction of
Nifong, was told that the police had reason to believe that all of the men she was looking at were at
the party where she was allegedly raped. Again, the array contained no fillers. In essence, Mangum
was told that she could not make a wrong choice. It was at this time that Mangum identified the
players who were later charged. The direct consequence of this investigative misconduct was the
indictment of three innocent people.
Tri al Mi sconduct
Prosecutorial misconduct during the course of trial covers a broad spectrum. For example, a
prosecutor may improperly: introduce evidence, assassinate the character of a defendant, refer to the
fact that a defendant did not talk to the police or take the stand in his or her defense, make
inflammatory statements during closing argument, or attempt to bolster the credibility of a prosecution
witness. See generally, Lawless, supra, 910; Gershman, Misconduct, supra, 1011.
ABA Standard 3-5.8 and NDAA Standard 85.1 govern the scope of closing arguments. The NDAA
Standard simply states: Closing arguments should be characterized by fairness, accuracy, rationality,
and a reliance upon the evidence or reasonable inferences drawn therefrom. NDAA Standard 85.1.
The ABA Standard goes further and specifically states that a prosecutor should not express his or her
personal belief as to the veracity of any evidence or guilt of the defendant. The ABA Standard also
provides that a prosecutor should not appeal to the prejudices of the jury. See ABA Standard 3-5.8(b)
(c).
Case law is filled with innumerable instances of improper trial conductmost of which is deemed
harmless. One prosecutor who repeatedly went over the line according to appellate courts is Robert
H. Macy, the former District Attorney of Oklahoma County, Oklahoma. See Ken Armstrong,
Cowboy Bob Ropes WinsBut at Considerable Cost, Chi. Trib., J an. 10, 1999, at 13. Called a true
patriot by former Attorney General William Barr and honored as Americas prosecutor by the
Oklahoma Senate upon his retirement in 2001, Macy left behind a string of cases commenting
unfavorably on his trial conduct. Paxton v. Ward, 199 F.3d 1197 (10th Cir. 1999); Washington v. State,
989 P.2d 960 (Okla. Crim. App. 1999); Ochoa v. State, 963 P.2d 583 (Okla. Crim. App. 1998); Torres
v. State, 962 P.2d 3 (Okla. Crim. App. 1998); Le v. State, 947 P.2d 535 (Okla. Crim. App. 1997);
Duckett v. State, 919 P.2d 7 (Okla. Crim. App. 1995); Robinson v. State, 900 P.2d 389 (Okla. Crim.
App. 1995); Hawkins v. State, 891 P.2d 586 (Okla. Crim. App. 1995); Hooker v. State, 887 P.2d 1351
(Okla. Crim. App. 1994); Howell v. State, 882 P.2d 1086 (Okla. Crim. App. 1994); McCarty v. State,
765 P.2d 1215 (Okla. Crim. App. 1985); Cantrell v. State, 697 P.2d 968 (Okla. Crim. App. 1985)
(Parks, J ., dissenting). The rebukes seem not to have had any effect on his conduct.
The introduction of misleading (or patently false) forensic evidence has been publicized recently. As
Professor Gershman discusses in a law review article, [t]he records of contemporary criminal trials
8
00065

are replete with instances of so-called junk science finding its way into courtrooms, and championed
by prosecutors to win convictions. Bennett L. Gershman, Misuse of Scientific Evidence by
Prosecutors, 28 Okla. City U. L. Rev. 17, 30 (2003). Examples include tendering evidence of sloppy
or outright faulty lab work of otherwise reliable forensic tests, or the presentation of scientific
evidence of dubious quality such as bite-mark and hair analysis. See id. One example of faulty
forensic evidence is the FBIs use of compative-bullet lead analysis. The procedure supposedly
allowed the FBI to match fired bullets found at a crime scene with unfired bullets in the possession of
a suspect. The FBI used the procedure for decades, but stopped doing so in 2005 after finally
acknowledging that the technique is unreliable and misleading. It is estimated that comparative bullet-
lead analysis played a role in convicting over 2,500 people. See J ohn Solomon, FBIs Forensic Test
Full of Holes, Wash. Post, Nov. 18, 2007, at A1.
REMEDIES
To date, prosecutorial misconducteven the most egregioushas largely gone unchecked. See
Gershman, Misconduct, supra, at vi (Relatively few judicial or constitutional sanctions exist to
penalize or deter misconduct; the available sanctions are sparingly used and even when used have not
proved effective.). In January 1999, the Chicago Tribune published a five-part series titled: Trial &
Error: How Prosecutors Sacrifice Justice to Win. Analyzing thousands of cases, the newspaper found
that since 1963 at least 381 defendants had their convictions reversed either because prosecutors
suppressed exculpatory evidence or suborned perjury. Alarmingly, of those 381 cases, not one of
those prosecutors was convicted of a crime. Not one was barred from practicing law. Instead, many
saw their careers advance, becoming judges or district attorneys. One became a congressman. Ken
Armstrong & Maurice Possley, The Verdict: Dishonor, Chi. Trib., J an. 10, 1999, at 1.
Cri mi nal Prosecutions
The criminal prosecution of a prosecutor is extremely rare. According to the Chicago Tribune series,
[f]ew prosecutors nationally have been indicted, and they were acquitted or, at worst, convicted of a
misdemeanor and fined. Ken Armstrong & Maurice Possley, Break Rules, Be Promoted, Chi. Trib.,
J an. 14, 1999, at 1 [hereinafter Armstrong & Possley, Break Rules]. This statistic seems not to have
changed in the last nine years. Subsequent to the Tribune series, two separate cases were brought
against prosecutors for acts committed in their official capacity; neither resulted in convictions.
The first occurred in mid-1999a case in which three former Illinois state prosecutors were charged
with conspiring to frame a man by the name of Rolando Cruz for murder. Cruz spent nearly 10 years
on Death Row before it became clear that the prosecution had suppressed evidence that another person
had committed the crime and that prosecutors had conspired with police officers to introduce a dream
statement of Cruzs into evidence at his original trial and two re-trials. A judge dismissed charges
against two of the prosecutors for insufficient evidence. (One later became an Illinois judgethe
other, an AUSA.) A jury acquitted the third after a 28-day trial. See Andrew Bluth, Prosecutor and 4
Sheriff s Deputies Are Acquitted of Wrongfully Accusing a Man of Murder, N.Y. Times, J une 5, 1999,
at A9.
9
00066

The second such prosecution of a prosecutor is the Convertino case discussed above. Convertino led
the U.S. governments case in convicting two men on terrorism-related charges in 2003. Then-
Attorney General J ohn Ashcroft asserted that the convictions sent a clear message that the DOJ
would work diligently to detect, disrupt and dismantle the activities of terrorist cells in the United
States and abroad. Danny Hakim, U.S. Asks for Dismissal of Terrorism Convictions, N.Y. Times,
Sept. 1, 2004, at A17. A little over a year later, however, the federal government asked the court to
throw out the convictions due, in part, to prosecutorial misconduct committed by the lead prosecutor,
Richard Convertino.
The DOJ s Public Integrity Section eventually charged Richard Convertino with perjury, obstruction
of justice, and conspiracy in what may be the only time that the DOJ has ever charged an AUSA for
acts committed in his or her official capacity. Convertino was acquitted by a jury in October 2007 and
is now seeking reimbursement for attorney fees, alleging that the governments prosecution of him
was vexatious, frivolous or in bad faith. Ironically, Convertino is in essence asserting that the
prosecution against him was itself an act of prosecutorial misconduct.
Di scipli nary Actions
Each state bar has a mechanism in place for the discipline of misconduct by attorneys licensed in that
state. Separately, federal courts may discipline attorneys who appear before them, which may result in
the suspension or disbarment of attorneys from that particular court. See, e.g., In re Kramer, 282 F.3d
721 (9th Cir. 2002). Further, the DOJ s Office of Professional Responsibility (OPR) has
responsibility for investigating allegations of misconduct committed by AUSAs. It appears that these
procedures are rarely effective in dealing with prosecutorial misconduct.
The disciplinary action against Nifong is unusual in that not only did it result in disbarment, but
because it was initiated while charges against the Duke students were still pending. Recently, the
Center for Public Integrity conducted a study that found only 44 instances of disciplinary actions
against prosecutors since 1970. Of those 44:
in 7, the court dismissed the complaint or did not impose punishment;
in 3, the court remanded the case for further proceedings;
in 24, the court assessed the costs of the proceedings against the prosecutor;
in 20, the court imposed a public or private reprimand or censure;
in 1, the prosecutor was placed on probation;
in 12, the prosecutors license was suspended;
in 2, the prosecutor was disbarred.
Neil Gordon, Misconduct and Punishment: State Disciplinary Authorities Investigate Prosecutors
Accused of Misconduct (2007), http://www.publicintegrity.org/pm/default.aspx?act=sidebarsb&aid
=39; see generally Steve Weinberg et al., Ctr. for Pub. Integrity, Harmful Error: Investigating
Americas Local Prosecutors (2003). A follow-up to the Tulia case discussed above revealed that the
prosecutor, whose subornation of perjury and Brady violations led to the wrongful convictions of
scores of people, received two years of probation. See Disciplinary Actions, 68 Tex. B.J . 753, 758
(2005).
10
00067

The OPR has the authority to determine whether an AUSA committed professional misconduct in the
exercise of his or her authority to investigate, litigate or provide legal advice. U.S. Dept of J ustice
Office of Profl Responsibility, Analytical Framework (rev. 2005), available at
http://www.usdoj.gov/opr/framework.pdf. Professional misconduct is defined as the intentional or
reckless disregard of an obligation or standard imposed by law, applicable rule of professional
conduct, or Department regulation or policy. Id. If the OPR determines that an AUSA committed
professional misconduct, it recommends a certain sanction to the attorneys supervisor. Available
sanctions range from a written reprimand to removal. The OPR may also refer the matter to the bar
disciplinary authority in the jurisdiction in which the attorney is licensed. See U.S. Dept of J ustice
Office of Profl Responsibility, Policies & Procedures, available at http://www.usdoj.gov/opr/
polandproc.htm.
In 2001, a General Accounting Office report concluded that the OPR was ineffective in dealing with
prosecutorial misconduct. See News Advisory, U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on the
J udiciary, GAO Report Finds Significant Problems with Justice Departments Office of Professional
Responsibility (Feb. 20, 2001), available at http://www.judiciary.house.gov/legacy/news0220.htm. A
recent highly-publicized case illustrates the problem.
Chief Judge Mark Wolf of the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts found extraordinary
misconduct by the Department of J ustice in its investigation and prosecution of members of the
Patriarca Family of La Cosa Nostra. Ferrara v. United States, 384 F. Supp. 2d 384, 387 (D. Mass.
2005), aff d, 456 F.3d 278 (1st Cir. 2006). Chief J udge Wolf found that AUSA J effrey Auerhahn,
violated [his] clearly established constitutional duty to disclose . . . before trial, important exculpatory
information that directly negated [Vincent Ferraras and Pasquale Barones] guilt on murder charges.
Id. The suppression of the evidence was intentional according to Chief J udge Wolf. See id. at 393
98. The First Circuit agreed, stating: [T]he governments actions in this case . . . paint a grim picture
of blatant misconduct. The record virtually compels the conclusion that this feckless course of
conduct . . . constituted a deliberate and serious breach of its promise to provide exculpatory
evidence. Ferrara v. United States, 456 F.3d 278, 293 (1st Cir. 2006) (footnote omitted).
The OPR investigated Auerhahn and concluded that he had acted in reckless disregard of his duty to
disclose exculpatory evidence. The sanction was a private written reprimand. Not satisfied, Chief
J udge Wolf initiated his own disciplinary action against Auerhahn and wrote then-Attorney General
Alberto Gonzales a letter on J une 29, 2007 criticizing the OPR. Associate Deputy Attorney General
David Margolis replied by letter to Chief J udge Wolf, asserting that the discipline imposed by the
Department was consistent with, correlated to, and proportional with the findings that resulted from
OPRs investigation. Letter from David Margolis to The Honorable Mark L. Wolf (Oct. 2, 2007).
Still not satisfied, Chief Judge Wolf wrote Attorney General Michael Mukasey. In this letter, Chief
J udge Wolf noted that he assisted in the establishment of OPR, but now has serious questions about
whether judges should continue to rely upon the Department to investigate and sanction misconduct
by federal prosecutors. Letter from The Honorable Mark L. Wolf to The Honorable Michael B.
Mukasey (J an. 2, 2008). The letters may be found in the court files of Barone v. United States, No.
98-11104 (D. Mass. 1998) and Ferrara v. United States, No. 00-11693 (D. Mass. 2000).
11
00068

Contempt
A court could exercise its contempt powers to curb prosecutorial misconduct that occurs in the
courtroom. However, [a]lthough contempt is frequently used to punish defense counsel for
misconduct, it is rarely used to punish prosecutors. Gershman, Misconduct, supra, 14:9 (footnote
omitted). Even when a trial court imposes contempt on a prosecutor, appellate courts rarely sustain
the charge. See id.; Lawless, supra, 13.35.
Appel l ate Court Action
If prosecutorial misconduct violates a defendants constitutional rights to a fair trial, the defendants
conviction might be overturned on appeal. Reversals of convictions, however, are limited by the
harmless-error doctrine, which generally precludes relief when the court finds that the defendant was
not fundamentally prejudiced by the prosecutorial misconduct. See Rose v. Clark, 478 U.S. 570
(1986). The Center for Public Integrity looked at 11,452 appellate cases since 1970 where
prosecutorial misconduct was an issue raised by the defendant. The study revealed that in 2,012 cases
the prosecutors misconduct was so serious that a dismissal of the charges, a reversal of conviction, or
a reduction in the imposed sentence was warranted. In thousands of others, prosecutorial misconduct
was found to have occurred, but was deemed to be harmless. Steve Weinberg, Breaking the Rules:
Who Suffers When a Prosecutor Is Cited for Misconduct? (2007), http://www.publicintegrity.org/
pm/default.aspx?act =main; see generally Weinberg et al., supra.
One should ask whether a reversal of a conviction adequately sanctions a prosecutor for misconduct
since the focus is on the defendant, rather than the prosecutor. Moreover, many have questioned
whether prosecutorial misconduct is adequately deterred when the harmless-error doctrine is
consistently applied. For example, one commentator has asserted that application of the rule is
tantamount to saying that if one is obviously guilty as charged, he has no fundamental right to be
tried fairly. Note, Prosecutor Indiscretion: A Result of Political Influence, 34 Ind. L.J. 477, 486
(1959); see also Rose, 478 U.S. at 58889 (Stevens, J ., concurring) (An automatic application of
harmless-error review in case after case, and for error after error, can only encourage prosecutors to
subordinate the interest in respecting the Constitution to the ever-present and always powerful interest
in obtaining a conviction in a particular case.).
Another way appellate courts can address prosecutorial misconduct is by public rebuke. In Bank of
Nova Scotia v. United States, the Supreme Court stated that defendants should not be given a
windfall when they are not prejudiced by prosecutorial misconduct. 487 U.S. 250, 263 (1988). One
way to deal with prosecutorial misconduct when the defendants rights are not violated, according to
the Court, is for an appellate court to chastise the prosecutor in a published opinion. Id. The
effectiveness of this remedy has been questioned as well. An article in the Chicago Tribune series
noted that even when the prosecutors actions are criticized in appellate opinions, the courts usually do
not call out the prosecutors by name. According to the article, [t]he granting of anonymity isnt
mandated anywhere, but instead stems from tradition and professional courtesy. Armstrong &
Possley, Break Rules, supra. Moreover, even when prosecutors are named in appellate opinions, there
is little evidence that it adversely impacts that persons career or future conduct. See id.; supra Part
III.E (discussing the chastising of Robert H. Macy).
12
00069

Ci vi l Li abi li ty
When being sued under federal civil rights laws, prosecutors often assert they are immune from
liability. The law is nuanced in this area, but prosecutors can be found liable. For example, a man by
the name of John Thompson spent 14 years on Death Row after an assistant district attorney destroyed
exculpatory evidence. A jury in the Eastern District of Louisiana awarded Thompson $14 million after
finding that the district attorney was deliberately indifferent to the need to train, monitor, and
supervise his prosecutors to comply with the constitutional requirements concerning production of
evidence favorable to an accused. Thompson v. Connick, No. 03-2045, 2007 WL 1200826, at *1
(E.D. La. April 23, 2007). The availability for redress under state tort law (e.g., malicious
prosecution) varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
One avenue of relief for those wrongly prosecuted by the federal government is a Hyde Amendment
claim. See Department of Commerce, J ustice, and State, the Judiciary and Related Appropriations Act
of 1998, Pub. L. No. 105-119, 617, 111 Stat. 2440 (codified at 18 U.S.C. 3006A Note). This law
provides for the recovery of attorney fees for prosecutions by the U.S. government that were
vexatious, frivolous, or in bad faith. To recover attorney fees, the defendant must be a prevailing
party. To determine whether a defendant is a prevailing party, courts look to the totality of the
circumstances. See, e.g., United States v. Campbell, 134 F. Supp. 2d 1104, 1107 (C.D. Cal. 2001),
aff d, 291 F.3d 1169 (9th Cir. 2002). Generally, a defendant prevails when he or she was completely
exonerated through voluntary dismissal of all charges without sanction, dismissal by way of a motion
of judgment for acquittal or dispositive motion, or through acquittal. Id. at 1108. Moreover, a
defendant is a prevailing party when the government dismisses the case with prejudice, and may or
may not be considered as such when the case is dismissed without prejudice. See United States v.
Gardner, 23 F. Supp. 2d 1283, 1292 (N.D. Okla. 1998).
CONCLUSION
The Nifong / Duke Lacrosse saga brought to the publics awareness the sad and disturbing nature of
prosecutorial overreaching. While Nifongs actions may have been particularly egregious, it is clear
that the problem of prosecutorial misconduct is nothing newit has simply taken place outside of
public view for the most part. It is also clear that, to date, there has not been an effective remedy to
this systemic problem. Hopefully something good can come out of the tragedy of the Duke case
public awareness of the need to hold prosecutors accountable for misconduct, and a newfound
willingness of the courts, bar associations, and the DOJ to impose harsher sanctions on wayward
prosecutors.
13
00070
PROSECUTORIAL MISCONDUCT
J on Sands Steven Kalar Geoffrey Hansen
Federal Public Defender AFPD Chief Assistant Public Defender
Phoenix, Arizona San Francisco, California San Francisco, California
Chris Miles Peter Davids J onathan Katchen
R&W Attorney, FPD Associate Assistant Attorney General
San Francisco, California J ones Day State of Alaska, Dept. of Law
The United States Attorney is the representative not of an ordinary party to a controversy,
but of a sovereignty whose obligation to govern impartially is as compelling as its
obligation to govern at all; and whose interest, therefore, in a criminal prosecution is not
that it shall win a case, but that justice shall be done. As such, he is in a peculiar and very
definite sense the servant of the law, the twofold aim of which is that guilt shall not
escape or innocence suffer. He may prosecute with earnestness and vigor indeed, he
should do so. But, while he may strike hard blows, he is not at liberty to strike foul ones.
It is as much his duty to refrain from improper methods calculated to produce a wrongful
conviction as it is to use every legitimate means to bring about a just one.
Berger v. United States, 295 U.S. 78, 88 (1935)
. . . it is the responsibility of the United States Attorney and his senior staff to create a
culture where win-at-any-cost prosecution is not permitted. Indeed, such a culture must
be mandated from the highest levels of the United States Department of J ustice and the
United States Attorney General. It is equally important that the courts of the United
States must let it be known that, when substantial abuses occur, sanctions will be imposed
to make the risk of non-compliance too costly.
United States v. Shaygan, 661 F.Supp.2d 1289, 1292 (S.D.Fla. 2009)
The Court finds [the governments] explanation wholly incredible.
United States v. Stevens, 593 F.Supp.2d 177, 181 (D.D.Ct. 2009)
Prosecutorial Misconduct 1
00071
Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
I. Policing the Prosecutors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
A. Ethical Immunity Before 1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
B. The Citizens Protection Act of 1998, 28 U.S.C. 530B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
C. The Hyde Amendment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
D. Criminal Contempt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
E. Case Remedies - Mistrial, Dismissal, J ury Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
II. Winning-At-All-Costs: Prosecutorial Misconduct During Various Phases of a Criminal
Prosecution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
A. Pre-Indictment Investigation and The Grand J ury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1. Subpoenas to Defense Counsel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2. Pre-indictment Contact with Represented Witnesses . . . 11
3. Exculpatory Evidence Before the Grand J ury . . . . . . . . . 12
4. Miscellaneous Prosecutorial Misconduct Within the Grand
J ury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
B. Brady, Due Process, and State Ethical Rules on Discovery . . . . . . . . . . 14
C. Prosecutorial Misconduct During Trial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1. Misconduct During J ury Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2. Improper Conduct During Opening Statements . . . . . . . 19
3. Ethical Problems with Government Witnesses and Trial
Evidence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4. Improper Closing Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
D. Broken Promises: Breached Pleas at Sentencing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
III. Normalizing J ustice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
A. The Proposed Expansion of Rule 16 and DOJ s Opposition . . . . . . . . . . 27
B. For the Defense Commentators Opinions and Recommendations . . . 29
Parting Thoughts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Appendices
00072

Introduction
Most experienced practitioners would agree that the vast majority of federal prosecutors
behave in an ethical manner, and would further agree that federal prosecutorial misconduct has
been the exception, rather than the rule. As will be described in greater detail below, federal
prosecutorial misconduct is now a local inquiry as well as a constitutional inquiry after 1998,
state ethical rules now also bind federal prosecutors. Therefore, while this outline may be a
useful starting point, counsel should be encouraged to turn to state bar rules of professional
responsibility and, if questions arise, consult an ethics hotline.
I. Policing the Prosecutors
A. Ethical Immunity Before 1998
Before the late1990's, the system of ethical rules and restraints that constrained any other
attorney including defense counsel did not apply to federal prosecutors. As will be discussed
in greater depth below, Congressman McDades 1998 Citizens Protection Act (CPA or
530B) revolutionized the application of state rules to federal prosecutors in ways that have
still not been fully explored. Even before J oseph McDade successfully slipped the CPA into
law, however, national discontent about the special treatment of federal prosecutors had been
brewing.
Before 1998, federal prosecutors could be sanctioned for ethical misconduct by the
federal court in which they practiced, or by the Department of J ustice. Many commentators
including federal judges were (and remain) dubious of the governments ability to self-regulate
its attorneys. See, e.g., Lynn R. Singband, THE HYDE AMENDMENT AND PROSECUTORIAL
INVESTIGATION: THE PROMISE OF PROTECTION FOR CRIMINAL DEFENDANTS, 28
FORDHAM URB. L.J . 1967, 1978 (Aug. 2001) (discussing the creation and limitations of the
DOJ Office of Personal Responsibility (OPR.)). In 1993, Ninth Circuit J udge Kozinski, for
example, openly questioned the failure of the United States Attorney to supervise the ethical
behavior of its AUSAs:
How can it be that a serious claim of prosecutorial misconduct
remains unresolved even unaddressed until oral argument in
the Court of Appeals? Surely when such a claim is raised, we can
expect that someone in the United States Attorneys office will
take an independent, objective look at the issue. The claim here
turned entirely on verifiable facts: A dispassionate comparison
between the transcript of the AUSA's statement to the jury and
Nourian's plea agreement would have disclosed that the defense
was right and the government was wrong. Yet the United States
Attorney allowed the filing of a brief in our court that did not own
up to the problem, a brief that itself skated perilously close to
misrepresentation.
United States v. Kojayan, 8 F.3d 1315, 1320 (9th Cir. 1993).
00073

Despite the shortcomings of self-regulation, it was the common view that a federal
prosecutor was not subject to state or local ethical rules or restraints. This view was based on the
position that the Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution preempted state regulation
of federal prosecutors, practical arguments about conflicts of local state rules arising in a
national federal practice, and a healthy dose of self-interest from the Department of J ustice.
Two issues helped to sharpen the debate over the propriety of an exemption for federal
prosecutors from state ethical rules. See Fred C. Zacharias, Bruce A. Green, The Uniqueness of
Federal Prosecutors, 88 GEO. L.J . 207, 213 (2000). The first of these issues related to attorney
contact of represented parties. Though such contact was widely prohibited by state local rules,
in 1989 Attorney General Thornburgh distributed an infamous memorandum that purported to
exempt federal prosecutors. This memorandum was controversial both within and outside of the
legal community. See Dick Thornburgh, Ethics and the Attorney General: The Attorney General
Responds, 74 J udicature 290 (April/May 1991) (Given the normally high quality of the articles
in J udicature, I had hoped to see a discussion of the Department of J ustices policy on contacting
representing persons that was free of the near-hysteria that has punctuated articles written by
some members of the defense bar.)
The second debate focused on a prosecutors ability to subpoena witnesses. Zacharias &
Green, supra at 212; see also Stern v. United States District Court, 214 F.3d 4, 7 (1st Cir. 2000)
(The 1980s witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of subpoenas served on defense
attorneys by federal prosecutors. The reasons for this trend are difficult to pinpoint, but some
commentators have linked it with heightened efforts to fight organized crime and drug-
trafficking, new forfeiture laws, and an unprecedented expansion of the Department of J ustice
(DOJ ).)
In the wake of the controversy of the Thornburgh memorandum, in 1994 Attorney
General J anet Reno issued formal regulations which continued the exemption for federal
prosecutors from state ethical violations, but promised voluntary compliance with most
professional rules (the Reno Rule.) Zacharias & Green, supra at 212; see also
Communications With Represented Persons, 59 FR 39910-01 (Aug. 4, 1994) (containing text of
the Reno Rule regarding contact with represented persons).
Also fueling the fire of this ethical debate were a number of developments that sharpened
the adversarial process and directly impacted the criminal defense bar, including federal grand
jury subpoenas to defense attorneys, forfeiture of funds paid by defendants to retained counsel,
and non-discretionary sentencing provisions in the Federal Sentencing Guidelines. See Rory K.
Little, Who Should Regulate the Ethics of Federal Prosecutors?, 65 FORDHAM L. REV. 355, Oct.
1996; see also Note, Federal Prosecutors, State Ethics Regulations, and the McDade
Amendment, 113 HARV. L. REV. 2080, 2083 (2000) (discussing three Model Rules of Ethics that
prompted national debate on state ethical limitations on federal prosecutors).
Outside of the national limelight of this ethical debate, however, a federal criminal
prosecution was brewing a prosecution which led to a further attempt to formally regulate
federal prosecutors.
00074

B. The Citizens Protection Act of 1998, 28 U.S.C. 530B
In 1992, Pennsylvania Congressional Representative J oseph McDade was indicted with
five federal counts relating to bribery. While Congressman McDade admitted that errors had
been made, he denied the allegations.
1
He kept his seat in office and four years later was
acquitted by a jury of all of the charges. Zacharias & Green, supra at 212.
McDade complained that federal prosecutors had turned his life into a living nightmare
and had harassed and hounded him.
2
In his role as a criminal defendant, he filed a number of
motions alleging prosecutorial misconduct all of which were denied. See, e.g., United States v.
McDade, No. 92-249, 1992 WL 187036, at *2 (E.D. Pa. J uly 30, 1992) (discussing motion to
dismiss arising from prosecutors alleged conflict of interest).
Stinging from his recent personal experiences with federal prosecutors, McDade
introduced in the House of Representatives a version of the Citizen Protection Act which would
have imposed state and local ethical rules on federal prosecutors (as well as a number of other,
wide-ranging changes). That bill was killed in committee, and a re-introduced bill the following
year also never made it out of committee. Zacharias & Green, supra, at 214-15. Finally, in 1998
the CPA was introduced as a rider to an appropriations bill, and was passed without ever clearing
committee much to the chagrin of (DOJ advocate) Senator Hatch. Id. at 215. The bills unique
road to passage was a source of later criticism from DOJ allies and sparked later efforts at repeal;
efforts that were unsuccessful. See, e.g., NAAUSA Initiatives, Federal Prosecutor Ethics Act,
http://www.naausa/org./ initiatives/ethics.htm (visited Feb. 18, 2003) (discussing congressional
testimony of national AUSA representative against CPA and describing alternative bills
proposed).
The Citizens Protection Act has been codified at 28 U.S.C. 530B.
3
530B. Ethical standards for attorneys for the Government
(a) An attorney for the Government shall be subject to State laws and rules, and local
Federal court rules, governing attorneys in each State where such attorney engages in that
attorney's duties, to the same extent and in the same manner as other attorneys in that State.
(b) The Attorney General shall make and amend rules of the Department of J ustice to
assure compliance with this section.
(c) As used in this section, the term attorney for the Government includes any attorney
1
http://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/06/us/top-republican-on-a-house-panel
-is-charged-with-accepting-bribes.html?pagewanted=1 (last visited 4/7/10)
2
Id.
3
The Citizens Protection Act is referred to as the CPA or, more frequently, 530B.
00075

described in section 77.2(a) of part 77 of title 28 of the Code of Federal Regulations and
also includes any independent counsel, or employee of such a counsel, appointed under
chapter 40.
28 U.S.C. 530B (West 2003). Section 530B has been worked into the Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR) and integrated into the United States Attorneys Manual. See, e.g., 28 CFR
77.3 (applying 28 U.S.C. 530B to all attorneys for the government involved in, among other
actions, all criminal investigations and proceedings); U.S.A.M. 9-13.200 (2005) (Department
attorneys are governed in criminal and civil law enforcement investigations and proceedings by
the relevant rule of professional conduct that deals with communications with represented
persons.).
As will be discussed in greater depth infra, remedies for violation of the CPA may be
sparse. In one of the few published cases on the new statute and regulations, the Eleventh
Circuit rejected the idea that a violation of a state ethical rule would support suppression of
evidence in federal court. See United States v. Lowery, 166 F.3d 1119, 1124-25 (11th Cir. 1999)
(Assuming for present purposes that the rule is violated when a prosecutor promises a witness
some consideration regarding charges or sentencing in return for testimony, a state rule of
professional conduct cannot provide an adequate basis for a federal court to suppress evidence
that is otherwise admissible.) Similarly, in United States v. Syling, the court held that any state
ethical standards would not override the law governing presentation of [exculpatory] evidence
at grand jury proceedings. 553 F.Supp.2d 1187, 1192 (D.Haw. 2008). Indeed, the CFR itself
provides that 530B should not be construed in any way to alter federal substantive,
procedural, or evidentiary law or to interfere with the Attorney General's authority to send
Department attorneys into any court in the United States. 28 CFR 77.1.
The First Circuit has flatly refused to view the CPA as an inroad for state (or local)
regulation of federal prosecutors in federal court. See Stern, 214 F.3d at 19. In Stern, the First
Circuit rejected a local rule from the District of Massachusetts that required judicial
authorization for grand jury subpoenas of defense attorneys. Id. Despite the clear language of
the CPA, the Court in Stern concluded that Congress did not mean to empower state (or federal
district courts, for that matter) to regulate government attorneys in a manner inconsistent with
federal law. Id.
Nonetheless, other federal courts have conceded that 530B does extend state ethical
rules to federal prosecutors. See J ennifer Blair, The Regulation of Federal Prosecutorial
Misconduct by State Bar Associations, 28 U.S.C. 530B and the Reality of Inaction, 49 UCLA
L. REV. 625, 637 (Dec. 2001) (collecting federal authority acknowledging the extension of state
ethical rules to federal prosecutors after 28 U.S.C. 530B). One of the most thoughtful of these
decisions is United States v. Colorado Supreme Court, 189 F.3d 1281 (10th Cir. 1999). In that
case, the Tenth Circuit held that in light of 530B a Colorado state ethical rule prohibiting
federal prosecutors [from] subpoenaing attorneys to divulge information on past and present
clients in connection with a criminal proceeding other than a grand jury, was not inconsistent
with federal law in violation of the Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution. Id. at
1288-89.
00076

The ultimate impact of 530B on federal prosecutors remains an open question one
commentator has discovered that during a year-and-a-half long period only one federal
prosecutor was disciplined out of the 1767 lawyers punished by ten state bar organizations.
Blair, supra, at 641 (If punishment for prosecutors was previously lax, one federal prosecutor
disciplined out of the 1767 lawyers punished by ten state bar associations from April 1999 until
December 2000 does virtually nothing to increase the regulation of unethical behavior by federal
prosecutors.)
Courts appear reluctant to file a complaint with a state bar organization. Currently, at
least one federal prosecutor is in state disciplinary proceedings after allegedly withholding
exculpatory evidence in a case.
4
The district court judge on that case filed the letter of complaint
with state bar counsel after learning that DOJ had only issued a written reprimand to the
prosecutor.
5
Another district court judge has reserved the right to impose any further sanctions
and/or disciplinary measures as may be necessary against [the federal prosecutors] after
reviewing the results of the J ustice Departments investigation. United States v. Shaygan, 661
F.Supp.2d 1289, 1325 (S.D. Fla 2009).
C. The Hyde Amendment
Another champion of ethical restraints on federal prosecutors has been Congressman
Hyde. In 1997, his infamous Hyde Amendment exposed the federal government to civil
liability for criminal lawsuits that are vexatious, frivolous, or in bad faith:
Attorney Fees and Litigation Expenses to Defense
Pub.L. 105-119, Title VI, 617, Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2519, provided that: "During
fiscal year 1998 and in any fiscal year thereafter, the court, in any criminal case (other
than a case in which the defendant is represented by assigned counsel paid for by the
public) pending on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 26, 1997], may
award to a prevailing party, other than the United States, a reasonable attorney's fee and
other litigation expenses, where the court finds that the position of the United States was
vexatious, frivolous, or in bad faith, unless the court finds that special circumstances
make such an award unjust. Such awards shall be granted pursuant to the procedures and
limitations (but not the burden of proof) provided for an award under section 2412 of title
28, United States Code. To determine whether or not to award fees and costs under this
section, the court, for good cause shown, may receive evidence ex parte and in camera
(which shall include the submission of classified evidence or evidence that reveals or
might reveal the identity of an informant or undercover agent or matters occurring before
a grand jury) and evidence or testimony so received shall be kept under seal. Fees and
4
See Boston AUSA Faces J udicial Panel Over Alleged Misconduct,
http://www.mainjustice.com/2010/01/22/boston-ausa-faces-judicial-panel-regarding-alleged-mis
conduct/ (last visited 4/9/10).
5
Id.
00077

other expenses awarded under this provision to a party shall be paid by the agency over
which the party prevails from any funds made available to the agency by appropriation.
No new appropriations shall be made as a result of this provision.
18 U.S.C. 3006A, stat. history (West 2003).
Like 530B, the Hyde Amendment had its origins in the eight-year prosecution of
Congressman McDade. See Singband, supra at 1981-82; see also United States v. Gilbert, 198
F.3d 1293, 198-99 (11th Cir. 1999) (tracing legislative history of the Hyde Amendment). The
Hyde Amendment has had some recent success in federal courts. See id. at 1986-88 (collecting
Hyde Amendment cases). See also United States v. Aisenberg, No. 899-CR-324-T23 MAP, 2003
WL 403071, *39 (M.D. Fla. J an. 31, 2003) (Pursuant to the Hyde Amendment, the Aisenbergs
are entitled to a reasonable attorney's fee in the amount of $2,680,602.22 and other litigation
expenses in the amount of $195,670.32.); United States v. Shaygan, 661 F.Supp.2d 1289, 1324
(S.D.Fla 2009) (attorneys fees and costs in the amount of $601,795.88 awarded to the
defendant); United States v. Claro, 579 F.3d 452, 456 (5th Cir. 2009) (noting the district court
awarded and government paid $391,292.29 in attorneys fees pursuant to Hyde Amendment);
United States v. Adkinson, 247 F.3d 1289 (11th Cir. 2001) (determining that defendants were
entitled to attorneys fees where government included bank fraud in conspiracy indictment with
knowledge that it was precluded by controlling precedent). See also Brown v. United States, SA-
03-CV-0792-WRF (W.D.Tex. 2007)(wherein parties reached settlement agreement and
government agreed to pay plaintiff $1,340,000 to settle plaintiffs complaint filed under the
Federal Tort Claims Act based on nature of governments criminal investigation and prosecution
of plaintiffs).
The Hyde Amendment certainly heightened the sensitivity of the DOJ to charges of
vexatious prosecution. See Elkan Abramowitz, Peter Scher, The Hyde Amendment: Congress
Creates a Toehold for Curbing Wrongful Prosecution, THE CHAMPION (Mar. 1998) (discussing
aggressive DOJ stance against Hyde Amendment before its adoption). The courts recent awards
suggest that the federal defense bar should continue to push for such recourse against the
government for wrongful prosecutions.
6
See also Dick DeGuerin, Neal Davis, If They Holler,
Make Em Pay . . . The Hyde Amendment, THE CHAMPION (Sept./Oct. 1999).
7
6
Larry Breuer, head of DOJ s Criminal Division, speaking at the ABAs white collar
crime conference, called on the defense bar to refrain from terming discovery violations as
endemic stating that nothing could be further from the truth. He criticized those who think it
is acceptable to use motions for sanctions, or threats of OPR referrals, as a way to gain some sort
of strategic litigation advantage. http://www.mainjustice.com/2010/02/25/
breuer-tells-white-collar-bar-to-ease-up-on-prosecutors/ (last visted 4/12/10).
7
This Champion article is an excellent starting point for any Hyde Amendment
litigation, and includes a useful check-list for defense counsel to review before initiating a Hyde
Amendment petition.
00078

D. Criminal Contempt
The five DOJ employees who prosecuted Senator Ted Stevens in United States v. Stevens
are currently the subject of criminal contempt proceedings instigated by U.S. District Court
J udge Emmet Sullivan based in part on allegations of Brady and Giglio violations.
8
J udge
Sullivan appointed a special counsel to examine the conduct of the prosecutors after the J ustice
Department moved to dismiss the case with prejudice. The DOJ s Office of Professional
Responsibility is conducting a simultaneous investigation. Both reports are due to be completed
in the near future.
E. Case Remedies - Mistrial, Dismissal, Jury Instruction
Unethical behavior or improper methods by the prosecutor may result in a mistrial or a
reversal of a conviction where the methods so infect the trial with unfairness as to make the
resulting conviction a denial of due process. Darden v. Wainwright, 477 U.S. 168, 181 (1986).
In United States v. Ted Stevens, the government itself motioned to set aside the verdict and
dismiss the case with prejudice based on admitted Brady violations. The judge voided the
conviction. In United States v. Chapman, the district court determined that the prosecutor
violated both Brady and Giglio and the district court declared a mistrial. 524 F.3d 1073, 1083-
84 (9th Cir. 2008).
9
Following a hearing on the matter, the district court judge dismissed the
indictment with prejudice. Id. In United States v. W.R. Grace, CR 05-07-M-DWM (D.Mt
2009), based on the governments Brady and Giglio violations, the court explained to the jury
why the government would not be permitted to do any redirect examination of one of the
governments main witnesses and why they should view any proof offered by [that main
witness] with skepticism. See Appendix A W.R. Grace Jury Instruction. The court instructed
the jury, in part, that, the Department of J ustice and the United States Attorneys Office have
violated their constitutional obligation to the defendants and they have violated orders of the
court. Id.
At the appellate level, review of prosecutorial misconduct . . . consists of a two part test:
first, was the prosecutors conduct actually improper; second, did the misconduct, taken in the
context of the trial as a whole, violate the defendants due process rights. Andrew M.
Hetherington, Prosecutorial Misconduct, 90 GEO. L.J . 1679 (May 2002). In evaluating the
seriousness of the misconduct, courts will find harmless error if the misconduct was not severe,
effective curative measures were taken by the trial court, or if the weight of evidence made
conviction certain absent the improper conduct. Id. at 1689 (footnotes omitted). Some courts
will additionally consider whether the misconduct was deliberately or accidentally made [and]
the extent to which the defense was able to counter the improper conduct with rebuttal, or both,
8
http://www.mainjustice.com/2009/10/21/welch-to-step-down-as-public-integrity-chief/
(last visited 4/9/10).
9
On appeal, the Ninth Circuit held that the mistrial was supported by a valid
determination of manifest necessity and thus, a retrial of the defendant would not violate the
Double J eopardy Clause. Chapman, 524 F.3d 1073, 1083-84 (9th Cir. 2008)
00079

to their evaluation of the seriousness of misconduct. Id.
The one, universal lesson from all authority regarding remedies for prosecutorial
misconduct is the need to object to preserve the error. Timidity in the face of prosecutorial
misconduct will injure the client on later appellate review, where the (nearly insurmountable)
plain error standard will be applied.
II. Winning-At-All-Costs: Prosecutorial Misconduct During Various Phases of a
Criminal Prosecution
With the McDade and Hyde laws in hand and remedies in mind, we turn to examples of
prosecutorial misconduct as they arise during various stages of a criminal prosecution and
investigation.
A. Pre-Indictment Investigation and The Grand Jury
1. Subpoenas to Defense Counsel
Grand jury misconduct was one of the ethical issues that sparked the McDade revolution,
and yet five years after 530B was enacted, it still remains an unsettled issue. One of the most
controversial aspects of grand jury practice has been the issuance of a grand jury subpoena to
defense counsel, to secure information about a counsels client. The American Bar Association
has promulgated model ethical rules that limit this type of grand jury subpoena. See Appendix B,
ABA Model Rule of Professional Conduct 3.8(e). Because the ABA Model Rules have been
adopted in many states, after 530B the issue is ripe for conflict in federal court. State ethical
rules in Colorado provide a good example of the problem.
Grand jury subpoenas to defense counsel on the subject of their representation are
prohibited by Colorado state ethical rules. See Appendix C, Colorado State Rule of Professional
Conduct 3.8, Special Responsibilities of a Prosecutor.
10
The federal governments policy of
10
Because this state rule is based on rules from ABA Standards of Criminal J ustice
Relating to the Prosecution Function, the conflict between this state ethical rule and federal
action is likely to arise more frequently. A non-exhaustive list of states that have adopted Model
Rule 3.8, Special Responsibilities of a Prosecutor, (or a substantially-similar rule), includes
Arizona, Colorado, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Indiana, Kansas, Maryland, Michigan,
New J ersey, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and West Virginia. California is
currently proposing such an adoption. See, e.g., http://calbar.ca.gov/calbar/pdfs/public-comment
/2009/Revision-Rules-Professional-Conduct-11-Rules_11-13-09.pdf (comparing and contrasting
other states adoption and Californias proposed changes) (last visited 4/9/10); Arizona v.
Talmadge, 999 P.2d 192, 197 (Az. S. Ct. 2000) (discussing E.R. 3.8, Arizona Rules of
Professional Conduct); Colorado v. Mucklow, 35 P.3d 527, 534 (Co. S.Ct. 2000) (discussing
Colo. RPC 3.8(d)); Arkansas R. Prof. Conduct 3.8 (West 2002); Connecticut Rule Prof. Conduct
3.8 (West 2002); Del. R. Prof. Conduct 3.8 (West 2002); Indiana R. Prof. Conduct 3.8 (West
2003); Kansas v. Dimaplas, 978 P.2d 891, 894 (Ka. S.Ct. 1999); Md. R. Prof. Conduct 3.8 (West
00080

forcing defense counsel to testify regarding their clients thus became an issue for the Tenth
Circuit. See United States v. Colorado Supreme Court, 189 F.3d 1281, 1284 & n.3 (10th Cir.
1999).
The Tenth Circuit noted that before 530B (McDades Citizen Protection Act) was
adopted there had been a circuit split on the issue of federal grand jury subpoenas to defense
counsel, over state ethical prohibitions. See United States v. Colorado Supreme Court, 189 F.3d
1281, 1284 & n.3 (10th Cir. 1999) (discussing contrary authority permitting, and striking, local
rules limiting federal government grand jury subpoenas of defense counsel). In Colorado
Supreme Court, the Tenth Circuit managed to avoid the grand jury issue because that particular
aspect of the Colorado state rule was not appealed. Id. at 1284.
The short, and unsatisfying, answer is that there is now no definitive authority on whether
530B extends state ethical prohibitions on grand jury subpoenas to defense counsel. See
Brenner & Shaw, Federal Grand Jury: A Guide To Law And Practice, FED. GRAND J URY 13.5
(discussing conflicting authority on issue and Department of J ustice Guidelines).
If faced with such a subpoena, the first step should be to turn to state ethical rules to see
whether they prohibit such action (likely to be found in Rule 3.8, adopted from the ABA Model
Rule). Defense counsel will then need to argue that this state ethical rule has been extended to
the federal prosecutor by virtue of 28 U.S.C. 530B, and that this statute trumps any Supremacy
Clause issues.
2. Pre-indictment Contact with Represented Witnesses
Does a federal prosecutor violate state ethical rules when he or she speaks to a
represented witness before indictment? That was the question before the Ninth Circuit in one of
the lead cases on the subject, United States v. Talao, 222 F.3d 1133 (9th Cir. 2000). In Talao, a
federal prosecutor spoke to an employee of a corporation that was represented by counsel
before indictment, and while that corporate counsel was banging on the door of the interview
room. Id. at 1136. The district court held that the prosecutor had violated California ethical rule
2-100, prohibiting contact with represented persons. Id. at 1136. The Ninth Circuit reversed, but
not before articulating several important rules regarding federal prosecutors, ethics, and contact
with represented persons.
As an initial matter, it was by no means clear that pre-indictment contact with
represented persons was prohibited. The Court turned to the Second Circuits decision in United
States v. Hammand, 858 F.2d 834 (2d Cir. 1988), and concluded that there was no bright-line
2002); Michigan R. Prof. Conduct 3.8 (West 2003); New Jersey v. Torres, 744 A.2d 699, 708
(N.J . S. Ct. 2000) (discussing R.P.C. 3.8); In re: Grand Jury Investig., 15 Mass. L. Rptr. 354
(Super. Ct. Mass. 2002) (mem.) (discussing Mass. R. Prof. Conduct 3.8(f)); RI Rule Prof.
Conduct 3.8 (West 2002); South Carolina v. Quattlebaum, 338 S.E.2d 105, 109 (S.C. S. Ct.
2000) (discussing South Carolina R. Prof. Conduct 3.8); West Va. R. Prof. Conduct 3.8 (West
2002).
00081

categorical rule on the issue. Id. at 1139. The Ninth Circuit concluded that in the pre-indictment
procedural context of the Talao case, there were fully defined adversarial roles
11
that triggered
the ethical prohibition. Id.
The Court also was not troubled by the controversy over DOJ s previous position and the
Thornburgh memorandum, which permitted contact with represented witnesses. Id. at 1139-40.
The Ninth Circuit flatly concluded that 28 U.S.C. 530B made state ethical rules applicable to
federal attorneys, which dissipated any previous dispute. Id. at 1140.
The Court in Talao ultimately let the prosecutor off of the ethical hook, however, because
it concluded that in the unique circumstances of a disgruntled employee seeking to distance
herself from corporate counsel an employee who was alleging subornation of perjury by the
lead defendant Rule 2-100 did not preclude contact. Id. at 1140.
The Talao case is notable because it un-hesitantly extends state ethical rules to federal
prosecutors, extends the prohibition of represented-witness contact to the pre-indictment context,
and it suggests that under a less-unique factual setting the disciplinary referral would have stood.
3. Exculpatory Evidence Before the Grand Jury
Consider the following hypothetical: The defendant is charged with being a felon in
possession of a gun, in violation of 18 U.S.C . 922(g)(1). During his arrest, his girlfriend
protests that it was her gun, and that the defendant was unaware that the weapon was in the
house. Need the AUSA present the girlfriends exculpatory statement to the grand jury before
indictment?
The federal rule before 530B has been that a federal prosecutor need not present
exculpatory evidence to the grand jury. See United States v. Williams, 504 U.S. 36, 52 (1992)
(Imposing upon the prosecutor a legal obligation to present exculpatory evidence in his
possession would be incompatible with this [grand jury] system.) Yet, despite the Williams rule,
the United States Attorneys Manual states that when an AUSA is personally aware of
substantial evidence that directly negates the guilt of a subject of the investigation, the
prosecutor must present or otherwise disclose such evidence to the grand jury before seeking an
indictment against such a person. U.S.A.M. 9-11.233 (2008). The Manual also states that an
indictment should not be dismissed for a violation of this policy, but appellate courts may refer
prosecutors to the DOJ Office of Professional Responsibility for review if they violate the
policy. Id.
Since enactment of 530B, a district court has held that any state ethical standards
requiring the presentation of exculpatory evidence would not override the law governing
11
The case had already undergone a civil investigation, a qui tam action, an corporate
counsel had already initiated settlement discussions with the government. Talao, 222 F.3d at
1139.
00082

presentation of [exculpatory] evidence at grand jury proceedings. United States v. Syling, 553
F.Supp.2d 1187, 1192 (D.Haw. 2008). The district courts opinion did not address any
prosecutorial obligations created by the United States Attorneys Manual.
4. Miscellaneous Prosecutorial Misconduct Within the Grand Jury
If it is true that an experienced prosecutor can get a grand jury to indict a ham sandwich,
then why would an AUSA cut corners to get an indictment? While unethical behavior before a
grand jury seems particularly unnecessary, it nonetheless occurs. A good summary of prohibited
acts can be found in United States v. Samango, 607 F.2d 877 (9th Cir. 1979).
In Samango, an indictment was dismissed by a federal district judge in Hawaii. Id. at
878.
12
Samango was a witness called before the grand jury relating to a cocaine importation case
from Tahiti. Id. The AUSA informed the grand jury of his dissatisfaction with Samangos
performance under a non-pros agreement, chided the witness when he asked to see counsel,
insinuated that the witness was lying and threatened to charge him as a defendant. Id. at 879.
The AUSA later sought a sanitized indictment by dumping 1,000 pages of transcript on the
grand jury, and telling them that he had a deadline for their consideration eight days later. Id.
The Ninth Circuit conceded that an attack against an indictment based on incompetent or
inadequate evidence was not possible. Id. at 880-81 & n.6. The Court observed, however, that
dismissal of an indictment can be appropriate to protect the integrity of the judicial process . . .
particularly the functions of the grand jury, from unfair or improper prosecutorial conduct. Id.
at 877 (internal citations and quotations omitted).
13
This was such a case; Although deliberate
introduction of perjured testimony is perhaps the most flagrant example of misconduct, other
prosecutorial behavior, even if unintentional, can also cause improper influence and usurpation
of the grand jurys role. Id. at 882.
Other prosecutorial misconduct may be grounds to dismiss the indictment. An AUSA
may not ask questions of a grand jury witness solely to discredit the witness. United States v.
DiGrazia, 213 F. Supp. 232, 234 (N.D. Ill. 1963).
While this may seem self-evident, the government may not rely on perjured testimony to
secure an indictment before the grand jury. United States v. Useni, 516 F.3d 634, 656 (7th Cir.
2008); United States v. Basurto, 497 F.2d 781, 785-86 (9th Cir. 1974) (We hold that the Due
Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment is violated when a defendant has to stand trial on an
indictment which the government knows is based partially on perjured testimony, when the
perjured testimony is material, and when jeopardy has not attached. Whenever the prosecutor
12
Interestingly, the government did not make an appearance in the appeal.
13
One leading case authorizing a dismissal of an indictment for prosecutorial misconduct
is Bank of Nova Scotia v. United States, 487 U.S. 250, 256 (1988) (discussing harmless error
standard for dismissal of an indictment, and contrasting dismissal for errors deemed
fundamental).
00083

learns of any perjury committed before the grand jury, he is under a duty to immediately inform
the court and opposing counsel and, if the perjury may be material, also the grand jury in
order that appropriate action may be taken.).
Often it is the cumulative impact of grand jury misconduct that will cost the government
an indictment. In United States v. Hogan, 712 F.2d 757 (2d Cir. 1983), the Court upheld
dismissal of an indictment when the AUSA portrayed the defendant as a hoodlum in front of
the grand jury, relied too heavily on hearsay evidence,
14
and presented false DEA testimony. Id.
at 761 (In summary, the incidents related are flagrant and unconscionable. Taking advantage of
his special position of trust, the AUSA impaired the grand jurys integrity as an independent
body.).
Another critical rule is the donut ban: an AUSA shouldnt bond with grand jurors by
bringing them donuts at the beginning of their deliberations. United States v. Breslin, 916 F.
Supp. 438, 442 (E.D. Pa. 1996). It is also improper to rush the grand jurys deliberations by
suggesting that the assigned time was short, to make improper characterizations of the evidence,
to suggest that live witness testimony was unavailable, or to warn that the statute of limitations
was about to run on the charges. Id. at 442.
While the DiGrazia case is a useful laundry list of prosecutorial misconduct before the
grand jury, the opinion is depressingly candid about a defendants chances to prevail on such a
claim. It is rare that defendants have sufficient information from Jencks material to find a basis
for a motion to dismiss. It is unusual that the trial judge would be required to review sufficient
material presented to the grand jury to develop a concern for the cumulative unfairness of the
grand jury proceedings. Id. at 446.
B. Brady, Due Process, and State Ethical Rules on Discovery
Even before state ethical obligations were extended to federal prosecutors, some federal
courts did not hesitate to impose sanctions for prosecutorial misconduct relating to Brady
violations. One inspiring example is found in United States v. Ramming, 915 F. Supp. 854 (S.D.
Texas 1996). In that case, the district court carefully chronicled the various Brady and Giglio
violations of the federal government in a banking prosecution. Id. at 868. The court concluded,
the governments contentions of equal access, neutral evidence, that the defendants were aware
of the information possessed by the Grand J ury, that the testimony was merely impeachment,
and that they acted in good faith, is incredible. Only a person blinded by ambition or ignorance
of the law and ethics would have proceeded down this dangerous path. Id. (emphasis added).
The defendants motion to dismiss because of prosecutorial misconduct was granted. Id.
14
Note that there is no per se ban on hearsay evidence before the grand jury. Although
there is no prohibition on the use of hearsay evidence before a grand jury, our decision in United
States v. Estepa, 471 F.2d 1132 (2d Cir. 1972), indicates that extensive reliance on hearsay
testimony is disfavored. More particularly, the government prosecutor, in presenting hearsay
evidence to the grand jury, must not deceive the jurors as to the quality of the testimony they
hear. Hogan, 712 F.2d at 761.
00084

To date, few federal courts have equated discovery violations with ethical misconduct
requiring bar referral. As stated supra, filing a complaint with the state bar authorities seems to
be considered a last resort by most federal courts
15
even though such a sanction has been
approved of and, in the appropriate case, encouraged by the circuit courts. See United States v.
Wilson, 149 F.3d 1298, 1304 (11th Cir. 1998) ([W]e want to make clear that improper remarks
and conduct in the future, especially if persistent, ought to result in direct sanctions against an
offending prosecutor individually.(emphasis in original)); United States v. Modica, 663 F.2d
1173, 1185 (2d Cir. 1981) (We suspect that the message of a single 30-day suspension from
practice would be far clearer that the disapproving remarks in a score of appellate opinions.).
16
Federal constitutional requirements for disclosure of exculpatory and witness-
impeachment evidence are well-established. The United States Attorneys Manual disclosure
policy exceeds constitutional obligations although the government notes that the expanded
disclosure policy, however, does not create a general right of discovery in criminal cases. Nor
does it provide defendants with any additional rights or remedies. USAM 9-5.001 (2010).
Those state ethical rules modeled after the ABAs Model Rule of Professional Conduct 3.8
impose a still higher duty of discovery than that required by constitutional due process or the
United States Attorneys Manual. Query whether 530B imposes a higher discovery obligation
on federal prosecutors, by virtue of state ethical rules, and whether that is enforceable?
The American Bar Association has promulgated a model ethical rule relating to the
production of discovery by the prosecutor:
Model Rule of Professional Conduct 3.8
15
See Gibeaut, J ohn, The Roach Motel, ABA J OURNAL, J uly 2009 (J udges seldom
discipline lawyers who practice before them for professional misconductthough other actions,
such as Rule 11 sanctions, sometimes attempt to curb the same behavior and may go
unrecognized as punishment dealt to individuals), http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/
article/the_roach_motel (last visited 4/13/10); United States v. Shaygan, 661 F.Supp.2d 1289,
1325 (S.D. Fla. 2009) (judge reserved the right to impose any further sanctions and/or
disciplinary measures as may be necessary against [the federal prosecutors] after reviewing the
results of the J ustice Departments investigation.); United States v. Jones, No. CR 07-10289-
MLW, 2010 WL 565478 (D.Mass. 2010) (court determined that imposition of sanctions against
AUSA or government for failure to adequately train AUSA based on failure to disclose plainly
material exculpatory evidence were neither necessary nor appropriate where, since violation
disclosure, AUSA, US Attorneys Office and DOJ officials took actions such as participating in
discovery training programs, which obviated need for sanctions).
16
It appears that state courts are also reluctant to report prosecutorial misconduct to state
bar authorities. In California for instance, it is rare that prosecutorial misconduct is referred to
the California State Bar although required under California law. See Crossing the Line:
Responding to Prosecutorial Misconduct, at http://www.abanet.org/litigation/prog_materials
/2008_sectionannual/016.pdf (last visited 4/9/10).
00085

The prosecutor in a criminal case shall:
. . . .
(d) make timely disclosure to the defense of all evidence or information known to
the prosecutor that tends to negate the guilt of the accused or mitigates the
offense, and, in connection with sentencing, disclose to the defense and to the
tribunal all unprivileged mitigating information known to the prosecutor, except
when the prosecutor is relieved of this responsibility by a protective order of the
tribunal;
Appendix B, Model Rule of Professional Conduct 3.8(d).
This model rule is patterned after ABA Standard 3-3.11, Prosecution/Defense Function:
Disclosure of Evidence by the Prosecutor
(a) A prosecutor should not intentionally fail to make timely disclosure to the defense, at
the earliest feasible opportunity, of the existence of all evidence or information which
tends to negate the guilt of the accused or mitigate the offense charged or which would
tend to reduce the punishment of the accused.
ABA Standard 3-3.11 (emphases added).
The ABA has recently issued an 8-page formal opinion regarding the prosecutorial
ethical duty to disclose evidence and information favorable to the defense which clearly exceeds
constitutional discovery obligations. See Appendix D, Formal Opinion 09-454 (July 8, 2009).
Key excerpts follow:
Rule 3.8(d) is more demanding that the constitutional case law, in that it requires
the disclosure of evidence or information favorable to the defense without regard
to the anticipated impact of the evidence or information on a trials outcome. The
rule thereby requires prosecutors to steer clear of the constitutional line, erring on
the side of caution.
Id. at 4.
Further, this ethical duty of disclosure is not limited to admissible evidence,
such as physical and documentary evidence, and transcripts of favorable
testimony; it also requires disclosure of favorable information. Though possibly
inadmissible itself, favorable information may lead a defendants lawyer to
admissible testimony or other evidence or assist him in other ways, such as in
plea negotiations. In determining whether evidence and information will tend to
negate the guilt of the accused, the prosecutor must consider not only defenses to
the charges that the defendant or defense counsel has expressed an intention to
raise but also any other legally cognizable defenses. Nothing in the rule suggests a
00086

de minimis exception to the prosecutors disclosure duty where, for example, the
prosecutor believes that the information has only a minimal tendency to negate
the defendants guilt, or that the favorable evidence is highly unreliable.
Id. at 5.
The Supreme Court has observed that federal due process requirements provide for less-
complete discovery than the ABA standards. See Kyles v. Whitley, 514 U.S. 419, 437 (1995).
Yet, the Court has also noted that, nonetheless, a prosecutor may have an obligation under
applicable ethical or statutory rules to greater disclosure. Cone v. Bell, __ U.S. __, 129 S.Ct.
1769, 1783 n.15 (2009) (As we have often observed, the prudent will err on the side of
transparency, resolving doubtful questions in favor of disclosure.).
There are two primary differences between federal due process requirements and the
ABA model ethical rules. The first relates to scope of disclosure. As noted in Kyles, the ABA
model rule requires disclosure of any evidence tending to exculpate or mitigate. Id. (emphasis
added). Federal due process, by contrast, is primarily a standard forged out of appellate review;
it prohibits the suppression by the prosecution of evidence favorable to the accused upon
request, [which] violates due process where the evidence is material either to guilt or to
punishment, irrespective of the good faith or the bad faith of the prosecution. Brady v.
Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 87 (1963).
The second distinction relates to the timing of disclosure. When the model rule is read in
conjunction with the ABA standard, the prosecutor is required to disclose discovery at the
earliest feasible opportunity. By contrast, Brady law and timing focuses on prejudice to the
defense viewed in the hindsight of an appeal if there was no prejudice to the defense by failing
to disclose Brady material before trial, no violation lies. See, e.g., United States v. Knight, 867
F.2d 1285, 1289 (11th Cir. 1989) (Appellants received the information during the trial and have
failed to demonstrate that the disclosure came so late that it could not be effectively used; and
thus they cannot show prejudice.) Of even greater concern, federal due process does not require
any disclosure of impeachment information before a defendant pleads guilty so this Giglio
information may never come to the attention of the defense.
17
17
Federal courts have long held that the government has a duty under Brady v.
Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963), and its progeny to disclose favorable material evidence to the
defense in time for the material to be of value to the defendant. See, e.g., United States v.
Gordon, 844 F.2d 1397, 1403 (9th Cir. 1988). This duty to disclose includes impeachment
evidence (sometimes known as Giglio material) as well as actual innocence evidence. See,
e.g., United States v. Bagley, 473 U.S. 667, 676 (1985). The prosecutor has a duty to obtain this
information from state as well as federal agents who have worked on the case. See Kyles v.
Whitley, 514 U.S. 419, 437-38 (1995).
The Supreme Court has held that impeachment (Giglio) material need not be disclosed to
the defense before a plea of guilt. United States v. Ruiz, 536 U.S. 622, 629 (2002). The Court
reasoned that a defendant can constitutionally misjudge other components of his or her case
00087
The tension between the federal due process discovery standards and the ABA model rule
is more than just an academic debate; many states have adopted the ABA model rule or an
analogous provision relating to discovery.
18
Consider another Colorado case as an illustration of
the tension between state ethical rules and federal discovery requirements.
In People v. Mucklow, 35 P.3d 527 (Co. S. Ct. Office Discipline 2000), a district attorney
twice failed to disclose exculpatory statements to the defense before preliminary hearings. Id. at
530-31. The Discipline Office of the Supreme Court emphasized that Colorado had adopted a
version of ABA model rule 3.8, and that this rule meant The prosecutor is required to provide
exculpatory information and materials to the defense as soon as it is practicable or feasible to do
so. Id. at 535. The opinion emphasizes the difference between due process discovery
requirements and (the more rigorous) ethical discovery obligations created by the state ethical
rule. Id. at 535. The D.A. who ignored that distinction did so at her peril; she was publically
censured. Id. at 540.
For the federal practitioner in Colorado or any state that has adopted a version of ABA
model rule 3.8 theMucklow case is intriguing. If Congressman McDades 530B extends
state ethical rules to federal prosecutors, then the Colorado ethical rule requiring early discovery
should apply to an AUSA as well.
C. Prosecutorial Misconduct During Trial
1. Misconduct During Jury Selection
Prosecutorial misconduct cases make for remarkable reading. One such case is Williams
v. Netherland, 181 F.Supp.2d 604 (E.D. Va. 2002). In Williams, petitioner sought relief from a
before a plea; the quality of the States case, the likely penalties, a change in law regarding
punishment, the admissibility of a confession, and potential defenses. There accordingly was no
constitutional problem with a plea if the defendant misjudged the grounds for impeachment of
potential witnesses as a possible future trial. Id. at 2455.
18
States adopting a substantial equivalent of ABA Model Rule 3.8(d) include Colorado,
Idaho, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. See, e.g., People v. Mucklow, 35 P.3d 527 (Co. S. Ct.
Office Discipline 2000) (discussing Colo. RPC 3.8d, based on ABA Model Rule 3.8); Id. R.
Prof. Conduct 3.8(d) (incorporating subsection (d) of ABA model rule relating to discovery); Md
Rule of Prof. Conduct 3.8 (same); Pa Rule. Prof. Conduct 3.8 (same). Other states have adopted
less-specific ethical rules regarding a prosecutors disclosure obligations. California is in the
process of adopting a rule based in large part on ABA Model Rule 3.8(d). See, e.g.,
http://calbar.ca.gov/calbar/pdfs/
public-comment/2009/Revision-Rules-Professional-Conduct-11-Rules_11-13-09.pdf (comparing
and contrasting other states adoption and Californias proposed changes) (last visited 4/9/10).
00088

capital conviction when i) a juror was the ex-wife of a government witness; ii) the prosecutor
was this jurors former divorce attorney (and who therefore obviously knew about the
relationship, and iii) neither the juror nor the prosecutor bothered to reveal these relationships
during voir dire. Id. at 609-12. The court found that the prosecutor acted improperly and
granted the writ. Id.
Less favorable is the Ninth Circuits affirmance in United States v. Steele, 298 F.3d 906
(9th Cir. 2002). In Steele, the AUSA questioned a prospective juror on voir dire who had been
employed as a public defender. Id. at 911-12. She asked, In the course of trying [felony
robbery cases], did you ever make a decision that your client was guilty and youve got to do
whatever you have got to do because thats your job? Id. at 912. The juror answered,
truthfully, I guess so, yeah. You know, it gets the facts might show one way or the other, and
you have to pursue the case if the client wants to or not, its their decision. Id.
Defense counsel sitting next to a client heading into a federal bank robbery trial
understandably objected to a question about defending guilty defendants at trial. Id. The Ninth
Circuit, however, refused to find misconduct. The prosecutors questions in the present case
may not have been the best way to elicit signs of bias, but the circumstances do not support the
conclusion that there was prosecutorial misconduct. Id.
2. Improper Conduct During Opening Statements
In her opening statement, an AUSA states that the armed robbery case before the jury has
rocked the sense of security of an entire Maine community, a community that had been
relatively free from random acts of violence. United States v. Mooney, 315 F.3d 54, 58-59 (1st
Cir. 2002). She continues on to comment that the defendant chose not to speak to the police, and
encouraged the jury to compare that silence with the testimony of his cooperating- co-
defendants. Id. Prosecutorial misconduct?
The government conceded as much in Mooney, choosing not to defend the prosecutors
opening remarks. Id. at 59. Instead, while finding misconduct the First Circuit focused
primarily on the remedy (which it ultimately denied).
In Mooney, the First Circuit acknowledged its dismay that any prosecutor in this circuit
could apprise a jury in an opening statement that a defendant had chosen not to talk to the police.
It is difficult to imagine a more fundamental error. Id. at 61 & n.1. Nonetheless, in light of the
strength of the evidence and immediate curative instructions, the First Circuit upheld the
conviction. Id.
One particularly interesting aspect of the Mooney decision is the Courts analysis of the
timing of the misconduct. The Court observed The context of the prosecutors comments also
weighs against a finding that they likely affected the outcome of the trial. The comments
occurred during opening arguments, not during summation where the last words the jury hears
have significant potential to cause prejudice. Id. at 60. Prosecutorial misconduct during
opening statements thus may be more difficult to remedy on appeal than improper statements
during closing arguments.
00089
3. Ethical Problems with Government Witnesses and Trial Evidence
Government witnesses and evidence at trial present a grab-bag of ethical problems. One
straightforward prohibition precludes eliciting a witness opinion of another witness testimony.
United States v. Geston, 299 F.3d 1130 (9th Cir. 2002), nicely summarizes the due process
concerns behind this rule. Id. at 1136 (collecting cases). In Geston, the Ninth concluded that the
prosecutors improper questioning seriously affected the fairness, integrity, or public reputation
of judicial proceedings, or [] failing to reverse [the] conviction would result in a miscarriage of
justice. Id. (internal quotation and citation omitted). In a case where witness credibility was
paramount, it was plain error for the court to allow the prosecutor to persist in asking witnesses
to make improper comments upon the testimony of other witnesses. Id. at 1137.
Not surprisingly, it is also improper for a prosecutor to intentionally elicit testimony
precluded by a courts in limine ruling. See Thomas v. Hubbard, 273 F.3d 1164, 1175-76 (9th
Cir. 2001), as amend. J an. 22, 2002 (granting petition for writ of habeas from murder conviction
when, among other things, the prosecutor intentionally ignored a court ruling prohibiting
testimony about a defendants previous use of a gun).
It is also unsurprising that it is prosecutorial misconduct for the government to sponsor
perjured testimony, to permit its witnesses to commit perjury, or to fail to reveal a witness lies
to the defense. What is surprising is the vehemence of courts when confronted with this conduct.
Commonwealth v. Bowie, 243 F.3d 1109 (9th Cir. 2001), as amend. Mar. 23, 2001 is a
remarkable example of a courts intolerance for such conduct. In Bowie, the defendant was
implicated in a particularly brutal murder in the Northern Mariana Islands. Id. at 1111. Much of
the governments case involved cooperating co-defendants, one of whom was caught early in the
case, in a jail cell, while trying to discard an incriminating letter handwritten on yellow paper.
Id. at 1112-13. That letter by an unknown author suggested that the author i) was actually
guilty of the murder, ii) was conspiring to frame the defendant, iii) had lied during cooperation
before, and iv) had lied to his lawyer about the murder. Id. The letter may have come from
another cooperating witness.
Despite this dramatic evidence, the prosecutor did not investigate the letter, did not
submit it for handwriting analysis, and never asked any of the cooperating witnesses about it. Id.
at 1114.
The Ninth Circuit (in an opinion written by former federal prosecutor Trott), was to put
it mildly livid in light of the studied decision by the prosecution not to rock the boat, but
instead to press forward with testimony that was possibly false on the apparent premise that all
these accomplices were actually responsible for [the victims] murder. Id. at 1118. The Court
explained that the prosecutors duty was not to merely disclose the letter to the defense, but to
actively investigate the many (potentially exculpatory) ramifications of the evidence. Id. at
1117-18. A prosecutors responsibility and duty to correct what he knows to be false and elicit
the truth . . . requires a prosecutor to act when put on notice of the real possibility of false
testimony. This duty is not discharged by attempting to finesse the problem by pressing ahead
without a diligent and a good faith attempt to resolve it. A prosecutor cannot avoid this
00090
obligation by refusing to search for the truth and remaining willfully ignorant of the facts. Id. at
1118.
The Court did not particularly care what the defendant actually did with this letter during
trial. [The defendant] has certain constitutional rights that he could waive or forfeit, but he
could not waive the freestanding ethical and constitutional obligation of the prosecutor as a
representative of the government to protect the integrity of the court and the criminal justice
system . . . . Id. at 1122.
Bowie is a useful place to start when researching prosecutorial misconduct regarding
perjury.
19
First, the tone of the case is welcome righteous indignation in contrast to so many
cases that seem blandly resigned to prosecutorial misconduct. The case also includes a useful
collection of authority regarding prosecutorial misconduct in the presentation in evidence.
Finally, Bowie employs a thoughtful dual analysis using both due process and prosecutorial
misconduct authority in arriving at its ultimate reversal. See id. at 1115-17.
4. Improper Closing Arguments
One of the lead cases on prosecutorial misconduct during closing arguments is the source
for the wonderful quote used at the beginning of this outline - Berger v. United States, 295 U.S.
78 (1935). In Berger, the prosecuting attorney misstated evidence during cross examination, an
argument that was undignified and intemperate, containing improper insinuations and assertions
calculated to mislead the jury. Id. at 86. The Court found pronounced and persistent
misconduct, a case against the defendant that was not strong, and accordingly reversed and
remanded for a new trial. Id. at 89.
What is interesting about the Berger opinion is the lack of analysis as to the Courts
power to reverse in light of prosecutorial misconduct. The Court presumably acted under its
supervisory power a power that it handily distinguished fifty-one years later when presented
with a capital habeas alleging improper closing statements. See Darden v. Wainwright, 477 U.S.
168 (1986). In Darden, the defendant had been convicted of an admittedly horrific murder and
sexual assault. Id. at 172-74. In the closing argument, the prosecutor asserted that the only way
to be sure that the defendant would not return to the public was the death penalty. Id. at 181 &
n.9. The prosecutor argued that the defendant shouldnt be out of his cell unless he has a leash
on him and a prison guard at the other end of that leash. Id. at 181 & n.12. The prosecutor
wished that the homicide victim had had a shotgun in his hand when he walked in the back door
and blown [the defendants] face off. I wish that I could see him sitting here with no face, blown
19
Other useful cases on perjured testimony include United States v. Valentine, 820 F.2d
565 (2d Cir. 1987) (reversing conviction when AUSA mischaracterized grand jury testimony
during trial), and United States v. LaPage, 231 F.3d 488 (9th Cir. 2000) (reversing conviction
when AUSA tolerated perjury from central government witness).
00091
away by a shotgun. Id.
20
The Court found that the comments did not deprive the defendant of a fair trial, setting a
test that still haunts federal review: The prosecutors argument did not manipulate or misstate
the evidence, nor did it implicate other specific rights of the accused such as the right to counsel
or the right to remain silent. Id. at 181-82.
A persuasive dissent in Berger quotes a remarkably candid passage on the futility of
condemnations without remedies:
This court has several times used vigorous language in denouncing government counsel
for such conduct as that of the [prosecutor] here. But, each time, it has said that,
nevertheless, it would not reverse. Such an attitude of helpless piety is, I think,
undesirable. It means actual condonation of counsel's alleged offense, coupled with
verbal disapprobation. If we continue to do nothing practical to prevent such conduct, we
should cease to disapprove it. For otherwise it will be as if we declared in effect,
'Government attorneys, without fear of reversal, may say just about what they please in
addressing juries, for our rules on the subject are pretend-rules. If prosecutors win
verdicts as a result of "disapproved" remarks, we will not deprive them of their victories;
we will merely go through the form of expressing displeasure. The deprecatory words we
use in our opinions on such occasions are purely ceremonial.' Government counsel,
employing such tactics, are the kind who, eager to win victories, will gladly pay the small
price of a ritualistic verbal spanking. The practice of this court recalling the bitter tear
shed by the Walrus as he ate the oysters breeds a deplorably cynical attitude towards
the judiciary. I believe this Court must do more than wring its hands when a State uses
improper legal standards to select juries in capital cases and permits prosecutors to
pervert the adversary process. I therefore dissent.
Id. at 206 (Blackmun, J ., Brennan, J ., Marshall, J ., Stevens, J ., dissenting) (internal quotations
and citations omitted).
Recently, the Ninth Circuit signaled an end to the wringing of the hands. In United
States v. Reyes, 577 F.3d 1069, 1076-79 (9th Cir. 2009), the court reversed and remanded for a
new trial based on the prosecutors remarks in closing argument. The Ninth Circuit found that
the government had asserted material facts to the jury that it knew were false or had strong
reason to doubt, based on contradictory evidence that was not presented to the jury. Id. The
Ninth Circuit sternly warned the DOJ that, [w]e do not lightly tolerate such conduct, and that
were was no reason to tolerate such misconduct here. Id. at 1078.
Generally, however, courts routinely condemn prosecutors conduct, but refuse to grant
20
The district court has observed, Anyone attempting a text-book illustration of a
violation of the Code of Professional Responsibility . . . could not possibly improve upon
[prosecutor Whites final statement]. Id. at 189 & n.2 (Blackmun, J ., Brennan, J ., Marshall, J .,
Stevens, J ., dissenting).
00092

any relief to the defense. In 1970, for example, the First Circuit resignedly repeated warnings it
had made many times before:
We will recapitulate, we hope for the last time, in the light of the number of occasions it
has been necessary to do so, the basic ground rules. Essentially, the prosecutor is to
argue the case. He may discuss the evidence, the warrantable inferences, the witnesses,
and their credibility. He may talk about the duties of the jury, the importance of the case,
and anything else that is relevant. He is not to interject his personal beliefs. The
prosecutor is neither a witness, a mentor, nor a thirteenth juror . . . . He must not appeal
to the passion or prejudice of the jury directly, or by the introduction of irrelevant matter,
indirectly.
United States v. Cotter, 425 F.2d 450, 452 (1st Cir. 1970). In Cotter, this meant that it was
improper for a prosecutor to argue that a defendants who failed to pay his taxes was
jeopardizing future moon landings the first landing was taking place during the trial. Id.
Absent a timely objection, however, the Court declined to reverse. Id.
Forced to deal with repeated allegations of prosecutorial misconduct during closing
arguments, federal appellate courts gradually developed stringent hurdles to overcome before a
defendant would be entitled to any relief. The Second Circuit, for example, developed a three-
part test to determine whether a prosecutors statements during closing amounted to misconduct:
The district court correctly identified the three-pronged analysis employed by this Court
to determine whether the statements or actions of a prosecutor amount to misconduct.
That analysis focuses on: the severity of the misconduct, the curative measures taken, and
the certainty of conviction absent the misconduct.
United States v. Burns, 104 F.3d 529, 537 (2d Cir. 1997). In Burns, a prosecutor clapped
(sarcastically) after defense counsel finished their closing in tears. Id. & n.3. The government
conceded on appeal that this was inappropriate, but the court refused to reverse the denial of a
new trial motion. Id.
At times, a courts tolerance of misconduct during closing argument is breathtaking. For
example, in a habeas case arising from a murder conviction, the Ninth Circuit was confronted
with a prosecutor who had actually taken the witness stand during closing argument, testified
in the voice of the murdered, gay, victim, and who during this soliloquy characterized the victim
as a peaceful, gentle man who did nothing to deserve his dismal fate. Drayden v. White, 232
F.3d 704, 712-13 (9th Cir. 2000). While the Ninth Circuit agreed that the prosecutor had
committed misconduct, it refused to hold that this misconduct had violated petitioners due
process rights. Id.
Faced with what J ustice Blackmun characterized as an attitude of helpless piety from
most federal courts reviewing allegations of prosecutorial misconduct, 530B may provide some
support. There are no shortage of state and local ethical rules directed towards prosecutorial
misconduct in closing arguments. An ABA Model Rule of Professional Conduct, for example,
prohibits an attorney from stating a personal opinion as to the credibility of a witness:
00093
RULE 3.4 FAIRNESS TO OPPOSING PARTY AND COUNSEL
A lawyer shall not:
. . . .
(e) in trial, allude to any matter that the lawyer does not reasonably believe is relevant or
that will not be supported by admissible evidence, assert personal knowledge of facts in
issue except when testifying as a witness, or state a personal opinion as to the justness of
a cause, the credibility of a witness, the culpability of a civil litigant or the guilt or
innocence of an accused; or
Appendix E, ABA Model Rule of Professional Conduct 3.4 (2002) (emphasis added).
In states that have adopted this model rule
21
or that have analogous limitations on
closing arguments such behavior during a federal closing should earn the prosecutor a referral
to the state bar disciplinary committee in this post- 530B world. Even if the misconduct is not
sufficiently prejudicial to entitle a defendant to relief, the specter of a public censure by the state
bar should help to put some teeth into the judicial hand wringing that J ustice Blackmun
warned against in Berger.
Notably, even when courts do not directly censure AUSAs based on local ethical rules,
the moral weight of these rules is gradually making its way into federal case law. For example,
the Sixth Circuit reversed and remanded for a new trial a federal bank robbery case where the
prosecutor misstated central eyewitness testimony during closing. See United States v. Carter,
236 F.3d 777, 793 (6th Cir. 2001). In its analysis of the threshold question
22
of whether the
21
A non-exhaustive list of states that have adopted Model Rule 3-4 includes
Connecticut, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Montana, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Utah,
West Virginia. See, e.g., State v. Floyd, 523 A.2d 1323 (Conn. App. 1987) (applying Rule of
Professional Conduct 3.4 to alleged ethical violation); State v. Pabst, 996 P.2d 321, 326 (Kan.
S.Ct. 2000)(same); Merritt v. Karcioglu, 668 So.2d 469, 475-76 (La. App. 4th Cir. 1996) (same);
Attorney Grievance Com'n v. Alison, 709 A.2d 1212, 1215 (Md. Ct. App. 1998) (same); State v.
Stewart, 833 P.2d 1085, 1089-90 (Mont. S. Ct. 1992) (same); State v. Jones, 558 S.E.2d 97, 127-
28 (N.C. S. Ct. 2002); State v. Bujnowski, 532 A.2d 1385, 1387 (N.H. S. Ct. 1987) (same); State
v. Dibello, 780 P.2d 1221 (Utah S. Ct. 1989) (same); State v. Stephens, 525 S.E.2d 301, 424 (W.
Va. S. Ct. 1999)
22
The Court in Carter articulated the Sixth Circuits two-part test to determine whether
prosecutorial misconduct has taken place:
The Sixth Circuit has adopted a two-step approach for determining when
prosecutorial misconduct warrants a new trial. See United States v. Carroll, 26 F.3d
1380, 1385-87 (6th Cir.1994). Under this approach, a court must first consider whether
the prosecutor's conduct and remarks were improper. Id. at 1387; see also Boyle v.
Million, 201 F.3d 711, 717 (6th Cir.2000). If the remarks were improper, the court must
00094
AUSAs closing was improper, the Sixth Circuit quoted with favor the ABA Standard stating
that the prosecutor should not intentionally misstate the evidence or mislead the jury as to the
inferences it may draw. Id. at 785 (quoting ABA Standards for Criminal J ustice Prosecution
Function and Defense Function 3-5.8(a) (3d ed. 1993)).
Our personal experience in this field also reveals that the specter of ethical sanction is a
powerful weapon in combating unethical behavior. A prime example is United States v.
Blueford, 312 F.3d 962 (9th Cir. 2002), as amend. & further amend., Nov. 22, 2002. Northern
District Assistant Federal Public Defender J oyce Leavitt ably litigated this felon in possession
case. The defense who had provided notice of an alibi defense was presented with a huge
stack of the clients taped conversations from the jail; and was first presented with these tapes in
the midst of trial. Id. at 966. The AUSA suggested that he was going to use these tapes as
impeachment material relating to the testimony of defense alibi witnesses implying that the
tapes revealed a defendant who was suborning perjury. Id. at 965. During the trial the AUSA
elicited in his cross of defense alibi witnesses that they had spoken much more frequently to the
defendant just before the trial. Id. at 966. In his closing, the AUSA asked the jury to infer that
the defendant and the alibi witness fabricated the alibi defense just before trial. Id. at 967.
In reality, however, when the thirty hours of tapes were reviewed by the defense (after
trial), they revealed the defendant telling an alibi witness, [A]ll you got to do is tell the truth.
Id. The district court judge was surprised to learn the tapes did not, in fact, reveal a defendant
who was coaching alibi witnesses. Id.
The Ninth Circuit reversed; It is decidedly improper for the government to propound
inferences that it knows to be false, or has very strong reason to doubt, particularly when it
refuses to acknowledge the error afterwards to either the trial court or this court and instead
offers far-fetched explanations of its actions. Id. at 968.
then consider and weigh four factors in determining whether the impropriety was flagrant
and thus warrants reversal. These four factors are as follows: (1) whether the conduct and
remarks of the prosecutor tended to mislead the jury or prejudice the defendant; (2)
whether the conduct or remarks were isolated or extensive; (3) whether the remarks were
deliberately or accidentally made; and (4) whether the evidence against the defendant
was strong. Carroll, 26 F.3d at 1385; see also Boyle, 201 F.3d at 717; United States v.
Collins, 78 F.3d 1021, 1039 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 519 U.S. 872, 117 S.Ct. 189, 136
L.Ed.2d 127 (1996).
When reviewing challenges to a prosecutor's remarks at trial, we examine the
prosecutor's comments within the context of the trial to determine whether such
comments amounted to prejudicial error. United States v. Young, 470 U.S. 1, 11-12, 105
S.Ct. 1038, 84 L.Ed.2d 1 (1985); Collins, 78 F.3d at 1040. In so doing, we consider
whether, and to what extent, the prosecutor's improper remarks were invited by defense
counsel's argument. Young, 470 U.S. at 12, 105 S.Ct. 1038; Collins, 78 F.3d at 1040.
Carter, 236 F.3d at 783.
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What is not clear from the opinion is the enormous publicity and controversy that this
case generated in the Northern District of California. The government and the AUSA himself
devoted enormous resources to seeking rehearing and (later, successful amendment) of the
opinion alleging prosecutorial misconduct. Notably, the opinion does not clearly specify the
AUSA involved in trial. Id. Nonetheless, the Blueford case and this AUSAs involvement are
well-known by every federal practitioner and district judge in the Northern District. In short, the
combination of a remedy for the defendant (reversal and new trial), and even an oblique moral
sanction may have some impact.
D. Broken Promises: Breached Pleas at Sentencing
Is a broken plea agreement at sentencing best analyzed using contract law, or when
framed as prosecutorial misconduct? More importantly, does it matter to the client as long as a
remedy is secured?
The lead case on breached plea agreements is Santobello v. New York, 404 U.S. 257
(1971). In that opinion, the Supreme Court reversed and remanded after (the second) prosecutor
in the case refused to make a sentencing recommendation agreed upon before the plea. Id. at
260. Despite the fact that the judge disclaimed any reliance on the D.A.s recommendation, the
Court found that when a plea rests in any significant degree on a promise or agreement of the
prosecutor, so that it can be said to be part of the inducement or consideration, such promise
must be fulfilled. Id. at 262. While the Court did not engage in much analysis of the ethics of a
breached plea, it made no mention of any principles of contract law. J ustice Douglas
concurrence, however, emphasized that outright vacation is often appropriate after a breached
plea promise, in light of an outraged sense of fairness. Id. at 266 (Douglas, J ., concurring)
(internal quotations and citation omitted).
While deferring to Santobello, federal appellate courts have routinely avoided the ethical
issues by analyzing plea agreement breach under contract law. In United States v. Grimm, 170
F.3d 760 (7th Cir. 1999), for example, the Seventh Circuit employed contract principles when an
AUSA failed to recommend acceptance of responsibility and did not dispute a gun possession, in
violation of the plea agreement. Id. at 764-66. Without engaging in any ethical finger-pointing,
the Court vacated the sentence and remanded for resentencing. Id. at 765.
Ethical overtones in plea-breach cases are becoming more common, however. For
example, in Gunn v. Ignacio, 263 F.3d 965 (9th Cir. 2001), the Ninth Circuit granted a petition
for a writ of habeas corpus when a district attorney breached a plea agreement regarding
concurrent time. Id. at 969. Because the Court granted relief, it did not get to the second issue
raised by the Petitioner a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel for failing to object to the
prosecutorial misconduct arising from this breach! Id. at 968. Although Gunn did not consider
the issue, Petitioners claim is sobering: defense counsel too timid to raise prosecutorial
misconduct challenges may regret their decision when faced with a later I.A.C. claim.
If sufficiently dramatic, a prosecutors breach of a plea agreement may even prompt a
Court to enforce promises that were actually unfulfillable! Such was the case in Palermo v.
Warden, Green Haven State Prison, 545 F.2d 286 (2d Cir. 1976). In Palermo, the Petitioner had
00096

been promised that state district attorneys would aggressively lobby the parole board for a
reduced sentence, in return for him leading them to $4 million worth of stolen jewelry. Id. at
289-90. The jewels were recovered, sympathetic letters were written by the DAs to the parole
commission but at the same time, prosecutors sandbagged the defendant by calling a parole
investigator and analogizing the defendant to another parolee who had received a lenient
sentence and then committed a violent crime. Id. at 291. The states case was not helped by
contractions in the prosecutors testimony, inconsistencies too numerous to mention that
undermined their credibility. Id. at 294.
While contesting the habeas petition, the state argued that the prosecutors never had the
authority to offer a bargain from another jurisdiction the state parole commission. The Court
was unimpressed. The Second Circuit proclaimed fundamental fairness and public confidence
in government officials require that prosecutors be held to meticulous standards of both promise
and performance. Id. at 296. The Court accordingly held, where a defendant pleads guilty
because he reasonably relies on promises by the prosecutors which are in fact unfulfillable, he
has a right to have those promises fulfilled. Id. The district courts unconditional release order
was affirmed. Id.
To answer the question posed at the outset of this section regarding contract law versus
ethical analysis, the scope of remedy may depend on whether a prosecutors action in breaching
a plea agreement was egregious or intentional. United States v. Brye, 146 F.3d 1207, 1213.
(10th Cir. 1998). In Brye, the Tenth Circuit analyzed a breach where the AUSA promised to
defer on a motion for a downward departure, then undermined (albeit subtly) the defendants
motion at sentencing. Id. at 1212. While the Court found the breach, it observed that it would
only permit the defendant to withdraw his plea when the breach was egregious or intentional.
Id. at 1213. Because the governments breach was based on a misunderstanding of the plea
agreement, the case was only remanded for resentencing. Id. The lesson from Brye is clear
when faced with a breach, defense counsel should argue contract law but should also emphasize
the ethical violation, to secure better remedies for their client.
III. Normalizing Justice
A. The Proposed Expansion of Rule 16 and DOJs Opposition
On April 28, 2009, J udge Emmet Sullivan, following the conclusion of United States v.
Stevens case, wrote the J udicial Conference Advisory Committee and urged its members to
consider an amendment to Rule 16 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. See Appendix F
(Sullivan, J. Letter, April 28, 2009). J udge Sullivan wrote, A federal rule of criminal procedure
requiring all exculpatory evidence to be produced to the defense would eliminate the need to rely
on a prudent prosecutor deciding to err on the side of transparency, . . . and would go a long
way towards furthering the search for the truth in criminal trialsand ensuring that justice shall
be done. Id. He noted that it has now been nearly three years since the United States
Attorneys Manual was modified to establish[] guidelines for the exercise of judgment and
discretion by attorneys for the government in determining what information to disclose to a
criminal defendant pursuant to the governments discovery obligations as set out in Brady v.
Maryland and Giglio v. United States and its obligation to seek justice in every case. Id. J udge
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Sullivan also reiterated the serious Brady violations in the Stevens case.
Rule 16 currently requires that the government produce, upon a defendants request,
those documents and objects and the results of examinations and tests that are material to
preparing the defense. Spivack, Roth and Golden, Troubling the Heavens, 34 CHAMPION 24 at
2. In contrast to the governments obligations under Brady, the governments Rule 16 obligation
to produce items material to preparing the defense extends only to items material to the
defendants response to the govenrments case in chief. Id.
In October 2009, Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division Lanny Breuer,
addressed the committee and described steps that the Department had taken in the aftermath of
the Stevens trial, including forming a working group to study discovery in criminal proceedings
and to suggest improvements. He said that while the Department took its obligations seriously,
an Office of Professional Responsibility report of alleged Brady violations over the past nine
years did not reveal evidence of a widespread problem. See October 13, 2009, Draft Minutes,
Advisory Committee on Criminal Rules, http://www.uscourts.gov/rules/Agenda%20Books
/Criminal/CR2010-04.pdf (last visited 4/9/10).
23
He indicated that the DOJ would not object to amending Rule 16 to codify Brady
disclosure requirements but would object to any proposed amendment beyond Brady obligations.
Id. Presumably, the DOJ opposition to an expansion of Rule 16, even if only to the extent to
which the United States Atorneys Manual now provides, is based on a concern that such an
expansion would provide defendants with an enforceable right to the governments disclosure
of any and all exculpatory material, not just the information that the government deems to be
material. See Spivack, Roth and Golden, Troubling the Heavens, 34 CHAMPION 24 at 10.
According to the draft minutes of the October 2009 meeting, [a] participant suggested
that the training of federal prosecutors should include presentations by members of the defense
bar who could offer their perspective on discovery issues. Id. There was some discussion of an
open-file policy that has been adopted by some U.S. Attorney Offices. One member thought
that the policy had been successfully used in the Northern District of California. However,
J udge Tallman noted that as an appellate judge, he sees Brady issues arising in many cases from
California, including that district. Id.
In a later March 2010 meeting, materials distributed to the members included the Ogden
Memoranda outlining the DOJ s efforts to improve discovery practices by federal prosecutors, a
letter from J udge Mark Wolf also advocating for an amendment to Rule 16 (see Appendix G,
Wolf, J. Letter, June 23, 2009), a proposed draft survey of all federal judges designed by the
23
At an April, 2010 panel session at the D.C. J udicial and Bar Conference, the director
of the Criminal Divisions Policy and Legislation, J onathan Wroblewski, stated that DOJ
officials who have reviewed available data conclude there is no widespread misconduct when it
comes to prosecutors turning over favorable material to defense lawyers . . . .
http://www.mainjustice.com/2010/04/13/doj-defends-against-critics-of-prosecutors-discovery-pr
oduction/ (last visited 4/14/10)
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Federal J udicial Center regarding discovery practices and judicial experience with Brady and
Giglio violations, and the ABAs Formal Ethics Opinion 09-454.
Further discussion of the proposed amendment of Rule 16 will be held at the next
meeting of the Advisory Committee on Criminal Rules in April, 2010.
B. For the Defense Commentators Opinions and Recommendations
From Pivack, Stephen R., Troubling the Heavens: Production of Evidence Favorable to
Defendants by the United States, THE CHAMPION, J anuary/February 2010:
24
One major remedy for these problems is an amendment to FRCrP 16, in line with
that proposed by the Advisory Committee, that provides defendants an
enforceable right to the governments disclosure of any and all exculpatory
material, not just the information that the government deems to be material.
Such an amendment was endorsed by J udge Sullivan himself in the aftermath of
the Stevens case, and would represent an important step towards safeguarding the
rights of criminal defendants. It would codify the governments obligation to
provide exculpatory and impeaching information regardless of its perceived
materiality and would grant defendants a right that is enforceable in court and is
not currently recognized by most courts absent a showing of materiality. In
addition, it would help to ensure that federal prosecutors do not make decisions
with respect to what information to provide to defendants based on an inherently
subjective assessment of whether its use at trial would impact the outcome of the
prosecution. Perhaps most importantly, amending FRCrP 16 would insulate
defendants against future changes in J ustice Department policy that might de-
emphasize as a goal the full production of all exculpatory and impeaching
information to criminal defendants. For all of those reasons, amending FRCrP 16
is an important and necessary step.
. . . .
Along with the adoption of specific new procedures and the retraining of
prosecutors relative to existing requirements, the Department of J ustice also
should make clear that the failure of prosecutors to comply with the Departments
internal guidelines will result in real and significant consequences.
From the blog of Scott H. Greenfield, Criminal Defense Attorney
25
:
24
http://www.nacdl.org/public.nsf/01c1e7698280d20385256d0b00789923
/e11dccac91ec12b9852576fc0073bc75?OpenDocument, (footnotes omitted) (last visited
4/12/10).
25
http://blog.simplejustice.us/2009/07/09/brady-violations-not-just-a-rules-issue.aspx
(last visited 4/12/10).
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The solutions to the Brady problem fall into two categories. Trust the DOJ or
create a new rule that requires courts to trust the DOJ . While the new Rule 16
proposal has certain virtue, foremost of which is that it resolves the long-standing
problem of when the government must disclose Brady, which it now holds to the
very last second if it's to be disclosed at all, rendering the defense incapable of
investigating or making good use of the information. But it still doesn't address
the core issue: The determination of what is Brady is left to the discretion of the
prosecution, and the duty to disclose it at all remains the decision of the prosecutor.
The proposed solutions are thus dependent on the answer to this question: Do
you trust the prosecutor?
If we cant trust the prosecutor, each and every prosecutor in every district
throughout the country, to disclose Brady, to err on the side of disclosure, to
disclose timely, then neither new rules nor procedures that continue to rely on the
discretion of prosecutors will solve the problem. Clearly, former prosecutors and
even judges who've been burned still seem to put their faith in the integrity of the
government. Somehow, I don't find this satisfying, but then nobody engaged in
this discussion seems to think that the defense side of the courtroom should have
any say in the matter.
From Irwin H. Schwartz, Beyond Brady: Using Model Rule 3.8(d) in Federal Court for
Discovery of Exculpatory Information, THE CHAMPION, March, 2010:
In the aftermath of the scandals of 2009, Attorney General Holder and Assistant
Attorney General Breuer spoke about the Department's failures. Breuer said, The
Department of J ustice is committed to the very highest ethical standards. Yet,
when the Department issued its 2010 guidance on discovery, it made no mention
of prosecutors duty under Rule 3.8(d). It listed Rules 16 and 26.2, the J encks
Act, and Brady as sources generally establish[ing] its discovery obligations.
How can the Department achieve the very highest ethical standards when it does
not acknowledge that Rule 3.8(d) establishes a duty of disclosure and a broader
duty than the sources it listed? Worse, the guidance is inconsistent with Rule
3.8(d) on the critical matter of disclosure timing. The ABA Opinion requires
disclosure of exculpatory information as soon as reasonably practicable. The
Departments guidance permits prosecutors to delay production of exculpatory
information.
Although acknowledging that Brady practices vary from office to office and even
within offices, the guidance does not assure uniform practices within the
Department. One way in which uniformity could be accomplished is by moving
Brady discovery to Rule 16. J udge Emmet Sullivan, who tried the Ted Stevens
case, asked the Supreme Court Advisory Committee on Criminal Rules to
consider this idea. The Department opposed the suggestion, as it did in 2006.
Recent cases show its efforts were not sufficient. Today, the Department clings to
a narrow view of its disclosure obligations and continues to oppose rules reform.
00100

NACDL led the way to passage of 28 U.S.C. 530B and passage of the Hyde
Amendment. Recent events show that defense attorneys need to roll up their
sleeves again -- in court and Congress. If the Department of J ustice is unwilling
or unable to mandate compliance with Rule 3.8(d), and if it is unwilling or unable
to assure compliance with the rule, then courts or Congress must step in to
mandate compliance. Now.
From Professor Ellen Podgors White Collar Crime Prof Blog:
In the wake of recent events that demonstrate discovery violations, DOJ has
issued three new policies. It is wonderful to see that DOJ is beefing up its
discovery practices and taking a hard look at what should happen in the future. It
also sounds like a better management system is being considered. But that said,
looking at the actual guidance memo, here are a few preliminary comments -
After telling prosecutors that they need to familiarize themselves with Brady,
Giglio and other discovery rules and statutes, the paragraph ends with a statement
that this new memo provides prospective guidance only and is not intended to
have the force of law or to create or confer any rights, privileges, or benefits.
Yes, this is the standard language one finds throughout the DOJ manual. But wait
a minute -- although DOJ guidelines can be guidelines, these mandates are
constitutional, statutory, and rules - they often do have the force of law. This fact
should be emphasized to prosecutors.
The memo states - Prosecutors should never describe the discovery being
provided as open file. The memo explains the fears of missing something. It
seems odd that the DOJ doesnt want prosecutors to accept credit when they do
the right thing and provide all discovery. Saying not to call it open, for fear of
missing something, implies that this is not a policy that recognizes the value of an
open file system that can work well and provide efficiency. And taking this one
step further -- if it is not acknowledged as an open discovery practice, and
something is missed - will it sound any better to the accused who failed to receive
their discovery material?
The memo gives no real guidance as to when a prosecutor has to turn over Jencks
material, and leaves it to the individual offices to create their individual rules. It is
ironic that DOJ wants sentencing consistency, but doesnt want discovery
consistency. Should a defendant in Wyoming have different rights to witness
statements than the defendant in New York?
It is good to see memorialization of witness statements is important. But only
turning over material variances in a witness's statements? Shouldnt all
variances be turned over?
It is interesting how the memo provides an extensive review process of discovery
material - will this hold up getting the materials to defense counsel? Also will
defense counsel be given an equal amount of time to review these materials and
00101

time to conduct additional investigation that may be warranted as a result of the
materials provided?
And yes, it is important to protect witnesses and national security - but should
DOJ be the one deciding when they think they can withhold evidence? Shouldnt
that be for neutral parties like the judiciary?
It is good to see DOJ trying to do a better job than past administrations, but what
really needs to be done is setting forth clearer rules and statutes by independent
parties, as opposed to a working group made up of senior prosecutors from
throughout the Department and from United States Attorney Offices, law
enforcement representatives, and information technology professionals, so that
our system does do justice as desired by AG Holder.
26
Parting Thoughts
It is the easiest thing in the world for people trained in the adversarial ethic to
think a prosecutors job is simply to win . . . . It is not.
United States v. Blueford, 312 F.3d 962, 968 (9th Cir. 2002) as amend. & further amend., Nov.
22, 2002 (internal quotations and citations omitted).
Law enforcement officers have the obligation to convict the guilty and to make
sure they do not convict the innocent. They must be dedicated to making the
criminal trial a procedure for the ascertainment of the true facts surrounding the
commission of the crime. To this extent, our so-called adversary system is not
adversary at all; nor should it be.
United States v. Wade, 388 U.S. 218, 256 (1967) (White, J ., concurring and dissenting) (footnote
omitted).
The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal,
well-meaning but without understanding.
Olmstead v. United States, 277 U.S. 438, 479 (Brandeis, J ., dissenting).
[T]he Constitution prescribes a floor below which protections may not fall, rather
than a ceiling beyond which they may not rise. The Model Code of Professional
Responsibility, on the other hand, encompasses the attorneys duty to maintain
the highest standards of ethical conduct. Preamble, Model Code of Professional
26
New DOJ Discovery Policies Fall Short, http://lawprofessors.typepad.com/
whitecollarcrime_blog/2010/01/new-doj-discovery-policies.html (last visited 4/14/10).
00102
Responsibility (1981). The Code is designed to safeguard the integrity of the
profession and preserve public confidence in our system of justice.
United States v. Hammad, 858 F.2d 834, 839 (2d Cir. 1988).
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)or the )ollo=ing rea<on<: C1; @i<taEe, ina*6ertence, <ur'ri<e, or e$cu<a?le neglect5 C2; ne=lA *i<co6ere* e6i*ence =hich
?A *ue *iligence coul* not ha6e ?een *i<co6ere* in ti@e to @o6e )or a ne= trial un*er Rule 59C?;5 C"; )rau* C=hether
hereto)ore *eno@inate* intrin<ic or e$trin<ic;, @i<re're<entation or other @i<con*uct o) an a*6er<e 'artA5 C%; the
Du*g@ent i< 6oi*5 or, C5; the Du*g@ent ha< ?een <ati<)ie*, relea<e*, or *i<charge*, or a 'rior Du*g@ent u'on =hich it i<
?a<e* ha< ?een re6er<e* or other=i<e 6acate*, or it i< no longer eIuita?le that an inDunction <houl* ha6e 'ro<'ecti6e
a''lication. The @otion <hall ?e @a*e =ithin a rea<ona?le ti@e, an* )or rea<on< C1;, C2;, an* C"; not @ore than ! @onth<
a)ter the 'rocee*ing =a< taEen or the *ate that =ritten notice o) entrA o) the Du*g@ent or or*er =a< <er6e*. , @otion
un*er thi< <u?*i6i<ion C?; *oe< not a))ect the )inalitA o) a Du*g@ent or <u<'en* it< o'eration. Thi< rule *oe< not li@it the
'o=er o) a court to entertain an in*e'en*ent action to relie6e a 'artA )ro@ a Du*g@ent, or*er, or 'rocee*ing, or to <et
a<i*e a Du*g@ent )or )rau* u'on the court. 2rit< o) cora@ no?i<, cora@ 6o?i<, au*ita Iuerela, an* ?ill< o) re6ie= an* ?ill<
in the nature o) a ?ill o) re6ie=, are a?oli<he*, an* the 'roce*ure )or o?taining anA relie) )ro@ a Du*g@ent <hall ?e ?A
@otion a< 're<cri?e* in the<e rule< or ?A an in*e'en*ent action.
(c) (efau"t #udgments+ (efendant Not ,ersona""! Served. 2hen a *e)ault Du*g@ent <hall ha6e ?een taEen again<t anA
'artA =ho =a< not 'er<onallA <er6e* =ith <u@@on< an* co@'laint, either in the State o) Ne6a*a or in anA other
Duri<*iction, an* =ho ha< not entere* a general a''earance in the action, the court, a)ter notice to the a*6er<e 'artA, u'on
@otion @a*e =ithin ! @onth< a)ter the *ate o) <er6ice o) =ritten notice o) entrA o) <uch Du*g@ent, @aA 6acate <uch
Du*g@ent an* allo= the 'artA or the 'artAF< legal re're<entati6e< to an<=er to the @erit< o) the original action. 2hen,
ho=e6er, a 'artA ha< ?een 'er<onallA <er6e* =ith <u@@on< an* co@'laint, either in the State o) Ne6a*a or in anA other
Duri<*iction, the 'artA @u<t @aEe a''lication to ?e relie6e* )ro@ a *e)ault, a Du*g@ent, an or*er, or other 'rocee*ing
taEen again<t the 'artA, or )or 'er@i<<ion to )ile an an<=er, in accor*ance =ith the 'ro6i<ion< o) <u?*i6i<ion C?; o) thi<
rule.
(d) (efau"t #udgments+ Modification Nunc ,ro Tunc. 2hene6er a *e)ault Du*g@ent or *ecree ha< ?een entere*, the
'artA or 'artie< in *e)ault therein @aA at anA ti@e therea)ter, u'on =ritten con<ent o) the 'artA or 'artie< in =ho<e )a6or
Du*g@ent or *ecree ha< ?een entere*, enter general a''earance in the action, an* the general a''earance <o entere* <hall
ha6e the <a@e )orce an* e))ect a< i) entere* at the 'ro'er ti@e 'rior to the ren*ition o) the Du*g@ent or *ecree. 1n <uch
a''earance ?eing entere* the court @aA @aEe an* enter a @o*i)ie* Du*g@ent or *ecree to the e$tent onlA o) <ho=ing <uch
general a''earance on the 'art o) the 'artA or 'artie< in *e)ault, an* it <hall ?e entere* nunc 'ro tunc a< o) the *ate o) the
original Du*g@ent or *ecree5 'ro6i*e*, ho=e6er, that nothing herein containe* <hall 're6ent the court )ro@ @o*i)Aing
<uch Du*g@ent or *ecree a< <ti'ulate* an* agree* in =riting ?A the 'artie< to <uch action, an* in accor*ance =ith the ter@<
o) <uch =ritten <ti'ulation an* agree@ent.
R.:0 !2. ST,4 1# &R1C00(/N9S T1 0N#1RC0 , -.(9>0NT
(a) Automatic Sta!. 0$ce't a< <tate* herein, no e$ecution <hall i<<ue u'on a Du*g@ent nor <hall 'rocee*ing< ?e taEen )or
it< en)orce@ent until the e$'iration o) 10 *aA< a)ter <er6ice o) =ritten notice o) it< entrA.
(b) Sta! on Motion for Ne' Tria" or for #udgment. /n it< *i<cretion an* on <uch con*ition< )or the <ecuritA o) the
a*6er<e 'artA a< are 'ro'er, the court @aA <taA the e$ecution o) or anA 'rocee*ing< to en)orce a Du*g@ent 'en*ing the
*i<'o<ition o) a @otion )or a ne= trial or to alter or a@en* a Du*g@ent @a*e 'ur<uant to Rule 59, or o) a @otion )or relie)
)ro@ a Du*g@ent or or*er @a*e 'ur<uant to Rule !0, or o) a @otion )or Du*g@ent in accor*ance =ith a @otion )or a
Du*g@ent a< a @atter o) la= @a*e 'ur<uant to Rule 50, or o) a @otion )or a@en*@ent to the )in*ing< or )or a**itional
)in*ing< @a*e 'ur<uant to Rule 52C?;.
(c) -eserved.
(d) Sta! .on Aea". 2hen an a''eal i< taEen the a''ellant ?A gi6ing a <u'er<e*ea< ?on* @aA o?tain a <taA. The ?on*
@aA ?e gi6en at or a)ter the ti@e o) )iling the notice o) a''eal. The <taA i< e))ecti6e =hen the <u'er<e*ea< ?on* i< )ile*.
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(e) Sta! in )avor of t/e State or Agenc! T/ereof. 2hen an a''eal i< taEen ?A the State or ?A anA countA, citA or to=n
=ithin the State, or an o))icer or agencA thereo) an* the o'eration or en)orce@ent o) the Du*g@ent i< <taAe*, no ?on*,
o?ligation, or other <ecuritA <hall ?e reIuire* )ro@ the a''ellant.
(f) -eserved.
(g) ,o'er of Ae""ate Court Not 0imited. The 'ro6i<ion< in thi< rule *o not li@it anA 'o=er o) an a''ellate court or o)
a Du*ge or Du<tice thereo) to <taA 'rocee*ing< *uring the 'en*encA o) an a''eal or to <u<'en*, @o*i)A, re<tore, or grant an
inDunction *uring the 'en*encA o) an a''eal or to @aEe anA or*er a''ro'riate to 're<er6e the <tatu< Iuo or the
e))ecti6ene<< o) the Du*g@ent <u?<eIuentlA to ?e entere*.
(/) Sta! of #udgment as to Mu"ti"e C"aims or Mu"ti"e ,arties. 2hen a court ha< or*ere* a )inal Du*g@ent un*er the
con*ition< <tate* in Rule 5%C?;, the court @aA <taA en)orce@ent o) that Du*g@ent until the entering o) a <u?<eIuent
Du*g@ent or Du*g@ent< an* @aA 're<cri?e <uch con*ition< a< are nece<<arA to <ecure the ?ene)it thereo) to the 'artA in
=ho<e )a6or the Du*g@ent i< entere*.
G,< a@en*e*5 e))ecti6e -ulA 1, 2005.H
'ro<ecutorial @i<con*uct C<uch a< the (.,. =ithhol*ing Je$cul'atorAJ e6i*ence that coul*F6e hel'e* Aour *e)en<e;
Du*icial error< C<uch a< the Du*ge 'er@itting e6i*ence that <houl*F6e ?een e$clu*e* or 6ice 6er<a;
erroneou< a''lication o) a la= or regulation i@'ro'er DurA in<truction<
ine))ecti6e a<<i<tance o) coun<el or other @al'ractice the e6i*ence *i* not 'ro6e Aour guilt ?eAon* a rea<ona?le *ou?t
/ =ent to the )iling o))ice at the R>C a cou'le ti@e< recentlA, inclu*ing to*aA, an* <ent in another =ritten reIue<t <eeEing
an au*io ta'e o) the Trial in R>C 11 CR 2217! /C 110!27 RS/C ?ut =a< tol* ?A a ClerE that / =oul* nee* to 'aA )or
the entire Trial to ?e tran<cri?e*, an* onlA then =oul* / ?e allo=e* to rea* it, an* that / =oul* not ?e allo=e* to acce<<
the au*io o) the hearingK /< thi< correctK / nee* to ha6e the au*io o) the Trial to )ini<h @A Rule 59, !0, an* >otion )or
Recon<i*eration >otion<..../ =ill 'aA )or the au*io. / ha6e recei6e* @anA au*io c*+*6*L< )ro@ ?oth Reno -u<tice Court
an* 2a<hoe (i<trict Court, an* it =a< announce* in court that the trial =a< ?eing au*io recor*e*, a< <uch, / ho'e Aou =ill
a))or* @e a co'A. To*aA, / calle* the R>C an* <'oEe =ith Veronica, =ho <oun*e* 6erA angrA =ith @e an* *i<@i<<i6e. /
=a< <u@@arilA <entence* to " *aA< in Dail at the en* o) the trial in thi< @atter, e6en =here / ha* ?een *enie* @A Si$th
,@en*@ent Right To Coun<el, a)ter a Conte@'t co@@itte* in the courtL< 're<ence )in*ing =a< announce*, in a**ition to
a guiltA 6er*ict in the un*erlAing action. Veronica in)or@e* @e that <he =a< at the trial an* that the R>C ha* )aile* to
@ail @e or other=i<e <er6e @e =ith a co'A o) the =ritten 1r*er, either )or the guiltA con6iction in the un*erlAing ca<e or
the conte@'t or*er. / =a< )orce* into han*cu))< <o IuicElA ater -u*ge 3o=ar* conclu*e* i<<uing hi< oral ruling that / =a<
not e6en a?le to <a6e @A note< on @A co@'uter, it =a< literallA a''arentlA that e$igent a <ituation to han*cu)) @e....Then
a )e= >ar<hall< 'lace <o@e 'iece< o) 'a'er in )ront o) @e an* *e@an*e* / <ign the@, an* ?eca@e angrA, liEe Veronica
an* liEe >ar<hall >onte, / ?elie6e, =a< at the arraing@ent, =hen / a<Ee* a <i@'le Iue<tion relate* to *ue 'roce<<,
<o@ething @anA at the R>C *o not <ee@ all that ena@ore* =ith. / a<Ee* i) / coul* e6en rea* the 'a'er< theA =ere
*e@an*ing / <ign right then an* there. The curtlA an* lou*lA <ai* no, then *ragge* @e a=aA ?e)ore / coul* rea* the
'a'er<, @uch le<< <ign the@. Veronica <narle* at @e that that =a< all the <er6ice o) the 1r*er o) Conte@'t an* 9uiltA
Ver*ict that / =oul* get, ?ut that <he @ight )a$ it to @e, ho=e6er, no )a$ ha< arri6e*, *e<'ite @A illu<trating the
e$igencie< o) recei6ing the 1r*er in 're'aring @A Relie) #ro@ -u*g@ent >otion<. Veronica continue to curtlA re)u<e to
'ro6i*e @e anA co'A o) anA o) the 're6iou<lA )ile* 1r*er< o) the Court unle<< / 'ai* )or the@, *e<'ite @A a''arentlA not
ha6ing ?een 'ro6i*e* a co'A o) <uch or*er< in the )ir<t 'lace. / ha6e no i*ea =hat tho<e 'a'er< =ere CtheA certainlA =ere
not in the 'ro'ertA gi6en to @e u'on @A relea<e )ro@ Dail; an* ha6e recei6e* nothing in the @ail, *e<'ite u'*ating the
R>C =ith @A ne= a**re<< o): 817 N. Virginia St. #2, Reno NV 89501 an* )iling an o))icial Change o) ,**re<< =ith the
.S&S <hortlA a)ter / =a< <u@@arilA e6icte* C*e<'ite there ?eing onlA a No Cau<e Su@@arA 06iction notice again<t @A
co@@ercial lea<e, <o@ething entirelA 'ro?i?ite* again<t un*er NRS %0.25". Not onlA =a< / *enie* @A Si$th ,@en*@ent
Right to Coun<el =here Dail ti@e =a< a 'o<<i?ilitA Can* =here, /, in )act =a< Daile*, i@@e*iatelA;. / =a< *enie* a
continuance in thi< @atter *e<'ite a =ritten a<<ent to one ?A Reno CitA ,ttorneA &a@ Ro?ert< an* *e<'ite the )act that the
%
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Reno CitA ,ttorneA =a< gi6en one ?A @A <u''o<e* a''ointe* coun<el :e= Taitel C=ho@ i< Ja<<ociate* =ithJ
C htt':++===.ne6c<.co@+attorneA.ht@l ; an entitA that / ha''en to ?e <uing Ne6a*a Court Ser6ice<, inci*ent to the <a@e
e6iction 'rocee*ing )or =hich >r. Taitel *i* grant, an* the R>C *i* grant, a continuance in the other R>C ca<e again<t
@e, the tre<'a<< action that =a< <et )or trial on (ece@?er 1"th, ?ecau<e Richar* 9. 3ill, =ho / a@ al<o <uing in
connection =ith the =rong)ul e6iction again<t, =a< going to ?e on 6acation an* the R>C a''arentlA )oun* that a goo*
rea<on )or a continuance, co@'are* to the R>C )eeling @A ?eing e6iction on or aroun* No6e@?er 1"th, then =rong)ullA
arre<te* in connection =ith the e6iction, un*er a tre<'a<< charge, an* incarcerate* )or a nu@?er o) *aA<, all =hile Richar*
3ill a''lie* an unla=)ul rent *i<traint u'on @anA e$cul'atorA @aterial< that =oul* <'eaE to a <tate* an* e$'re<<
retaliatorA @oti6e on the 'art o) 2al@art an* the RS/C, an* other e$cul'atorA @aterial< ?eing =rong)ullA =ithhel* un*er
an unla=)ul rent *i<traint ?A Richar* 9. 3ill, 0<I., the <a@e 'er<on >r. Taitel, the Reno CitA ,ttorneA, an* the R>C
*eci*e* *e<er6e* <uch <anctitA a''lie* to hi< @onthlong 6acation )ro@ ThanE<gi6ing to Ne= 4earL< to grant a
continuance, =ith no in'ut )ro@ @e.
#,/:.R0 T1 ,##1R( S/BT3 ,>0N(>0NT R/93T T1 C1.NS0: 1R 9R,NT (0>,N( #1R -.R4 TR/,:5
another (0>,N( #1R -.R4 TR/,: 30R074 >,(0 /N 0V0NT 1# N02 TR/,:, S/>/:,R:4 R0M.0ST #1R
/N #1R>, &,.&0R/S ST,T.S 30R074 >,(0 ,N( S.&&1RT0( 74 ,TT,C30( /#& &0T/T/1N
C1NC:.S/1N
(e)en*ant+,''elant Coughlin here?A re<'ect)ullA reIue<t< all 1r*er<, Con6iction<,
-u*g@ent<, Conte@'t #in*ing<, =hate6er, <te@@ing )ro@ the No6e@?er "0
th
, 2011 Trial ?e Vacate*
or Set ,<i*e or Recon<i*ere*..
,##/R>,T/1N &ur<uant to NRS 2"97.0"0
The un*er<igne* *oe< here?A a))ir@ that the 'rece*ing *ocu@ent *oe< not contain
the <ocial <ecuritA nu@?er o) anA 'er<on.
(,T0( thi< 12
th
(aA o) (ece@?er, 2011
N+<+ Zach Coughlin
Zach Coughlin
(e)en*ant
5
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&R11# 1# S0RV/C0
/, Zach Coughlin, *eclare:
1n (ece@?er 12, 2011, /, >r. Zach Coughlin <er6e* the )oregoing Notice o) ,''eal,
>otion to Vacate an* or Set ,<i*e, -CRC& 59, -CRC& !0, >otion )or Recon<i*eration5 >otion )or
Recu<al ?A e@ailing an* )a$ing an* or 'lacing in the @ail a true co'A thereo) to:
&a@ela 9 Ro?ert< Co@'anA: Reno CitA ,ttorneAL< 1))ice Cri@inal (i6i<on ,**re<<: &.1. 7o$
1900 Reno , NV 89505 &hone Nu@?er: 775""%2050 #a$ nu@?er: 775""%2%20 0@ail:
ro?ert<'Oreno.go6
(,T0( T3/S12th *aA o) (ece@?er, 2011 74:
Zach Coughlin
(e)en*ant
!
00114
https://skydrive.live.com/redir.aspx?
cid=43084638f32f5f28&resid=43084638F32F5F28!
1031&parid=root
00115
00116
Windows Live Hotmail Print Message http://by148w.bay148.maillive.corn/mail/PrintMessages.aspx?cpids=57...
RE: your failure to propound discovery
From: Zach Coughlin (zachcoughlin@hotmail.com)
Sent: Thu 12/08/11 5:14 PM
To: hazlett-stevensc@reno.gov
Chris,
I am engaging you in relation to 11 CR 22176 an your failure to provide me
access to or copies of the discovery from the arrest of September 9, 2011, not
the trespass case. We will deal with the trespass case later. For now, please
just address your failure of provide copies of the discovery when I requested.
Can you check your phone records? Would you like me to check mine?
How about your fax records. Mine? I think you will find that we definately
did speak. Anyways, can you indicate your offices standard operating
procedure when a defendant or accused calls and writes your office up
requesting discovery within a day after the arrest? Must you provide
something within 48 hours of the arrest? What about if the arraignment is set
out one month from the arrest? Must an arraignment occur prior to that? It
seems rather suspect to assert that your office does not have any records or
discovery incident to the an arrest of September 9, 2011, when the accused
calls and writes requesting documentation incident to the arrest on
approximately September 13th, 2011 and again soon thereafter, and again
somewhat later, when discovery subsequently provided by Pam Roberts
shows a fax (only a partial portion of which, apparently, was included in the
discovery) from Sargent Avansino to your office dated September 12,
2011...Further, you did not indicate that your office had something but
wouldn't provide it, you indicated that your office simply did not have
anything. You made remarks about how you weren't going to tell this and
that person how to do their job, etc...Remember? It seems patently unfair for
the prosecutor to be provided access to this documentation over one month
prior to the defendant being afforded access to it, and sufficient time to do
who knows what with it (several pages of Sargent Avansino's fax appear
missing and the Probable Cause sheet does not appear to be reviewed and
signed off on for a probable cause finding by any Magistrate, the form is
simply blank), particularly were a continuance was at first agreed to by
Roberts in writing (only to have her weasel out of that at trial while making
jokes about the defendant's need to use the restroom in open court). Please
indicate, further, in writing, if your office received any faxed or emailed
records request from me, Zach Coughlin, at any time, including the period of
1 of 7 12/12/2011 4:21 PM
00117
Windows Live Hotmail Print Message http://by148w.bay148.mail.live.com/mail/PrintMessages.aspx?cpids=57...
time prior to the Oct 10th, 2011 arraignment.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
817 N. Virginia St. #2
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
Licensed in Nevada and USPTO
** Notice** This message and accompanying documents are covered by the electronic Communications Privacy Act, 18
U.S.C. 2510-2521, and may contain confidential information intended for the specified individual (s) only. If you are not
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Date: Thu, 8 Dec 2011 16:05:11 -0800
From: Hazlett-StevensC@reno.gov
To: zachcoughlin@hotmail.com
Subject: RE: your failure to propound discovery
Mr. Coughlin. I have never spoken to you and have never denied discovery to a defendant in any matter. Again
you seek to engage me in a convesation about the pending trespassing. I cannot speak with you. You are
represented by counsel.
Thank you,
Chris
Christopher Hazlett-Stevens
Deputy City Attorney
City of Reno
Tel: 326-6628
Fax: 334-4226
2 of 7 12/12/2011 4:21 PM
00118
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ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGED
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please immediately notify us by forwarding this e-mail to the sender or by telephone at (775) 334-2050 and
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- - - Original Message - - -
From: Zach Coughlin <zachcoughlin@hotmail.com>
To: <hazlett-stevensc@reno.gov>, <robertsp@reno.gov>
Date: Thu, 8 Dec 2011 15:44:36 -0800
Mr. Hazlett-Stevens,
We did definately talk on the phone regarding the matter to which I do not
have representation, the RSIC arrest case 11 DR 22176 21 for which Deputy
City Attorney Pam Roberts is the prosecutor. I was denied my Sixth
Amendment right to court appointed defense counsel in that matter, and
represented myself. As such, there is no rule precluded you from
communicating with me about 11 DR 22176 21. You did speak with me
about that. I called you within a couple days of the September 9th, 2011
arrest in that matter describing my exigent desire to obtain a copy of the
discovery. I was transferred to you and we spoke at length about it, you
describing why you could not give it to me. Is it your contention that your
office or the State does not have a duty to provide the defendant a copy of
certain pieces of discovery within 48 hours of arrest?
Regarding the matter for which Mr. Puentes took the baton from Mr. Taitel,
is it clear to you how Mr. Taitel was somehow, apparently, able to assent to
a continuance, only to, apparently, find some need to pass the baton to Mr.
Puentes very, very shortly thereafter? Why did Mr. Taitel's status as
attorney of record change? Was it due to a conflict? Why didn't that
conflict prevent Mr. Taitel from abstaining from assenting to the
continuance in the trespass case, which was scheduled for trial December
13, 2011?
Sincerely,
3 of 7 12/12/2011 4:21 PM
00119
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
** Notice** ThismessageandaccompanyingdocumentsarecoveredbytheelectronicCommunicationsPrivacyAct, 18
U.S.C. 2510-2521, andmaycontainconfidential informationintendedfor thespecifiedindividual (s) only. If youare
not theintendedrecipient or anagent responsiblefor deliveringit totheintendedrecipient, youareherebynotifiedthat
youhavereceivedthisdocument inerror andthat anyreview, dissemination, copying, or thetakingof anyactionbased
onthecontentsof thisinformationisstrictlyprohibited. This message is confidential, intended only for the named
recipient(s) and may contain information that is privileged, attorney work product or exempt fromdisclosure
distribution or any action taken or omitted to be taken in reliance on the contents of this information is
prohibited and may be unlawful. If you receive this message in error, or are not the named recipient(s), please
notify the sender, delete this e-mail fromyour computer, and destroy any copies in any formimmediately.
Receipt by anyone other than the named recipient(s) is not a waiver of any attorney-client, work product, or
other applicable privilege.

Date: Wed, 7 Dec 2011 07:34:25 -0800
Subject: Re: your failure to propound discovery
Mr. Coughlin. You are represented by counsel and I cannot correspond with you. I have never correponded
with you, and your statement that you spoke with me is false. I have never spoken with you. You may have
your attorney, Roberto Puentes, contact me with any discovery issues or issues regarding the City's Motion to
Continue. Please do not correspond with me regarding this case in the future. As an attorney, you are fully
aware that I cannot communicate with a you as a represented party. Do not contact me without your
counsel.
Thank you,
Chris
City of Reno
Tel: 326-6628
Fax: 334-4226
confidential and are protected by the attorney-client privilege and/or work product doctrine. If you are not
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4of 7 12/12/20114:21PM
the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient you are hereby
notified that any review, disclosure, copying, dissemination, distribution or use of any of the information
contained in, or attached to this e-mail transmission is STRICTLY PROHIBITED. If you have received this
transmission in error, please immediately notify us by forwarding this e-mail to the sender or by telephone at
(775) 334-2050 and then delete the message and its attachments.
-----Original Message-----
To: <hazlett-stevensc@reno.gov>
Date: Wed, 7 Dec 2011 01:48:03 -0800
Subject: your failure to propound discovery
Dear Mr. Hazlett-Stevens,
I amwritingtorequest acopyof anyandall discovery, pleadings, documentation,
correspondences, or mediainanywayconnectedtothetrespasscaseagainst mefor
whichLewTaitel wasapparentlymycourt appointedattorney, but whomnolonger is.
Further, I wishtobecopiedoneverythingpast andpresent inanywayrelatedtothis
matter until andafter I procureanother attorney. I didnot agreetothecontinuanceyou
sought, nor wasI informedyouwereseekingit. I findit particularlytroublingthat a
continuancewasgrantedinthetrespasscasetothesamemanwhoisapplyingan
unlawful rent distraint onbothmyclient files, personal property, AND THE
EXCLUPATING EVIDENCE I NEED TO DEFEND MYSELF IN THE PETIT
LARCENY CASE FOR WHICH I DETAIL THE COMPLAINTS I HAVE AGAINST
YOU AND YOUR OFFICE'S HANDLING BELOW. NO CONTINUANCE WAS
GRANTED OR AGREED TO AT TRIAL BY THE RMC OR MS. ROBERTS,
PERHAPS SHE WAS TOO BUSY ALLEGEDLY SUBORNING THE PERJ URY OF
RSIC OFFICER KAMERON CRAWFORD.
Inthediscoveryyour officeprovidedinthepetit larcenymatter Ms. Robertsprosecuted
against methereisafaxfromtheRSIC toyouthat hasafaxheadingfor what appearsto
be"page1" followedbypageswithout that heading...thenaheadingwith"page4" etc...
I want theentirecontentsof anythingprovidedbytheRSIC andWalmart toyouor
anyoneconnectedwiththeRenoCityAttorneyor theRenoMunicipal Court. Further, I
want all mediaprovidedbyWalmart, andI questionwhyyouneeded45minuteswith
thethreewitnesswhotestifiedat theNovember 30th, 2011trial, from1pmto1:45pm.
Additionally, youareherebyservedaNRCP 11motionrequiringyoutocorrect the
perjuryyousubornedincourt withrespect tothepatentlycontradictorytestimonyof
Officer Crawfordvisavisthevideoevidenceyouyourself providedindiscovery.
5of 7 12/12/20114:21PM
Further, I spokewithyou, Mr. Hazlett-Stevens, shortlyafter theSeptember 9, 2011
arrest inthismatter demandingacopyof all documentationor discoverythat I hadany
right to. I wastoldI wouldnot haveanyopportunitytoreviewsuchmaterialsprior to
thearraignment, whichwasnot set for afull 30daysout fromthearrest. DoI not have
aright toacopyof thepcsheet, arrest report, andwitnessstatementswithin48hoursof
thearrest? Thefaxtoyour officefromtheRSIC isdated9/12/2011, yet mywritten
demandsandrequestsfor suchdiscoveryanddocumentationweremet withrefusalsto
providesuchmaterials, and, insomecase, claimsthat your officedidnot evenhavesuch
materialsandwouldnot get themuntil after thearraignment. Further, I spokewithand
providedwrittenrequeststoRSIC Sargent Avansinowithin2daysafter thearrest andhe
refusedtoprovidethematerials, asdidtheRenoMunicipal Court. Pleasealert thecourt
toanywrongdoingonyour'sor theRenoCityAttorneyor theRSIC part inthisregardin
prejudicingmyabilitytodefendmycasebydelayingtheproductionof essential
discovery, thenrefusingtoagreetoacontinuanceat trial, after earlier providinga
writtenagreement tosuchacontinuance.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
** Notice** ThismessageandaccompanyingdocumentsarecoveredbytheelectronicCommunicationsPrivacyAct,
18U.S.C. 2510-2521, andmaycontainconfidential informationintendedfor thespecifiedindividual (s) only. If you
arenot theintendedrecipient or anagent responsiblefor deliveringit totheintendedrecipient, youareherebynotified
that youhavereceivedthisdocument inerror andthat anyreview, dissemination, copying, or thetakingof anyaction
basedonthecontentsof thisinformationisstrictlyprohibited. This message is confidential, intended only for the
named recipient(s) and may contain information that is privileged, attorney work product or exempt from
disclosure under applicable law. If you are not the intended recipient(s), you are notified that any disclosure,
copying, distribution or any action taken or omitted to be taken in reliance on the contents of this information
is prohibited and may be unlawful. If you receive this message in error, or are not the named recipient(s),
please notify the sender, delete this e-mail fromyour computer, and destroy any copies in any form
immediately. Receipt by anyone other than the named recipient(s) is not a waiver of any attorney-client, work
product, or other applicable privilege.

6of 7 12/12/20114:21PM
7of 7 12/12/20114:21PM

Nevada Court Services
475 So. Arlington Suite 1A
Reno, Nevada 89501
(775) 348-7560
(Toll Free) 800-570-5583
Fax: (775) 348-7977
Email: nevcs@nevcs.com
The following Attorney is associated with and highly recommended by Nevada Court Services
" Serving the People of Nevada"
Lewis S. Taitel
Attorney at Law
475 S. Arlington Suite 1A
Reno, Nevada 89501
(775) 322-2272
Fax: (775) 348-7977
Nevada State Bar No. 4397
Disclaimer: " The State Bar of Nevada does not certify any lawyer as a specialist or expert.."
Criminal Law - DUI Defense - Personal Injury
Property Law - Collections - Divorce - Civil Law
Adoption - Family Law
Nevada Attorney Directory
Page1of 2 NevadaCourt Services- Attorney
12/12/2011 http://www.nevcs.com/attorney.html
Copyright 1997-2011 - Nevada Court Services - All Rights Reserved
Page2of 2 NevadaCourt Services- Attorney
12/12/2011 http://www.nevcs.com/attorney.html
00120
motion for continuance
Sent: Fri 11/11/11 1:40 AM
To: robertsp@reno.gov
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
U.S.C. 2510-2521, andmaycontainconfidential informationintendedfor thespecifiedindividual (s) only. If youarenot
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RE: motion for continuance
theintendedrecipient or anagent responsiblefor deliveringit totheintendedrecipient, youareherebynotifiedthat you
havereceivedthisdocument inerror andthat anyreview, dissemination, copying, or thetakingof anyactionbasedonthe
contentsof thisinformationisstrictlyprohibited. This message is confidential, intended only for the named
sender, delete this e-mail fromyour computer, and destroy any copies in any formimmediately. Receipt by anyone
privilege.
Sent: Wed 11/16/11 3:35 PM

Thank You,

Date: Mon, 14 Nov 2011 10:36:45 -0800
From: robertsp@reno.gov
Subject: Re: motion for continuance
Mr. Coughlin, we were closed on Friday and I have just read your email. If you have not received confirmation
fromthe Court that your trial date has been continued, you will need to appear this afternoon at 1:00 pmin
CourtroomB of the Reno Municipal Court. We can discuss your case further at that time and if we are unable to
resolve the case, you can ask the Court again for a continuance and I won't object. However, it is the Court's
decision to grant your motion to continue.
It is also the Court's decision whether to appoint you a legal defender. I do not plan to ask for jail time, so the
Court is not required to appoint you an attorney. In addition, you have no right to a jury trial in a misdemeanor
case.
I hope your housing situation improves. See you this afternoon. PamRoberts, Deputy City Attorney.
To: <robertsp@reno.gov>
Date: Fri, 11 Nov 2011 01:40:53 -0800
Subject: motion for continuance
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118

Sent: Wed 11/16/11 5:30 PM

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
Licensed in Nevada
privilege.

Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 17:12:21 -0800
Subject: RE: motion for continuance
Mr. Coughlin, you should have already received a notice regarding the availability of discovery and request for
reciprocal discovery. You just need to call ahead at 334-2050 and arrange to pick it up. You are entitled to
copies of all the reports and witness statements and video we may have on this case. Since I amnot calling any
additional witnesses that are not already mentioned in the reports/statements, I amnot obligated to send you
an additional list of witnesses. I amalso not obligated to do any further investigation or interviews. Pam
Roberts.
Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 15:35:48 -0800

Thank You,

Date: Mon, 14 Nov 2011 10:36:45 -0800
Mr. Coughlin, we were closed on Friday and I have just read your email. If you have not received
confirmation fromthe Court that your trial date has been continued, you will need to appear this afternoon at
1:00 pmin CourtroomB of the Reno Municipal Court. We can discuss your case further at that time and if we
are unable to resolve the case, you can ask the Court again for a continuance and I won't object. However, it
is the Court's decision to grant your motion to continue.
It is also the Court's decision whether to appoint you a legal defender. I do not plan to ask for jail time, so
the Court is not required to appoint you an attorney. In addition, you have no right to a jury trial in
a misdemeanor case.
00121
Date: Fri, 11 Nov 2011 01:40:53 -0800
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118

Sent: Thu 11/17/11 3:37 PM
Dear Ms. Roberts,

I do not mean to suggest you do not know what your duty it. Believe me, I am well aware that you could mop
up the court room with a neophyte attorney such as myself. I was merely hoping to get some direction from you
regarding trial practice approaches in general.

Sincerely,

Zach
Sent: Mon 11/21/11 1:05 PM
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
Licensed in Nevada
privilege.

Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2011 07:40:44 -0800
CC: colterp@reno.gov
Mr. Coughlin, the three witnesses who were there at the first trial date include: Thomas Frontino (Walmart
employee) and Officers Crawford and Braunworth fromthe Reno Sparks Indian Colony Police. I obtained the
video at the first trial date fromthe Walmart employee and it is available for you to viewor get a copy. You
may want to viewit at the City Attorney's Office as the CDdoesn't seemto work on everyone's computer. Penie
Colter will be able to assist you. I amnot clear on what you think my duty is, but I knowwhat my duty is and I
will not debate it via email. PamRoberts, Deputy City Attorney.
Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 17:30:36 -0800

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
Licensed in Nevada

Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 17:12:21 -0800
copies of all the reports and witness statements and video we may have on this case. Since I amnot calling
any additional witnesses that are not already mentioned in the reports/statements, I amnot obligated to send
you an additional list of witnesses. I amalso not obligated to do any further investigation or interviews. Pam
Roberts.
Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 15:35:48 -0800

Thank You,

Date: Mon, 14 Nov 2011 10:36:45 -0800
confirmation fromthe Court that your trial date has been continued, you will need to appear this afternoon
at 1:00 pmin CourtroomB of the Reno Municipal Court. We can discuss your case further at that time and
if we are unable to resolve the case, you can ask the Court again for a continuance and I won't object.
However, it is the Court's decision to grant your motion to continue.
a misdemeanor case.
Date: Fri, 11 Nov 2011 01:40:53 -0800
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
00122
temporary address change and instruction to pursue a continuance
18U.S.C. 2510-2521, andmaycontainconfidential informationintendedfor thespecifiedindividual (s) only. If
youarenot theintendedrecipient or anagent responsiblefor deliveringit totheintendedrecipient, youarehereby
notifiedthat youhavereceivedthisdocument inerror andthat anyreview, dissemination, copying, or thetakingof
anyactionbasedonthecontentsof thisinformationisstrictlyprohibited. This message is confidential, intended
only for the named recipient(s) and may contain information that is privileged, attorney work product or
exempt fromdisclosure under applicable law. If you are not the intended recipient(s), you are notified that
any disclosure, copying, distribution or any action taken or omitted to be taken in reliance on the contents
of this information is prohibited and may be unlawful. If you receive this message in error, or are not the
named recipient(s), please notify the sender, delete this e-mail fromyour computer, and destroy any copies
in any formimmediately. Receipt by anyone other than the named recipient(s) is not a waiver of any
attorney-client, work product, or other applicable privilege.

Sent: Mon 11/21/11 4:06 PM
To: howardk@reno.gov; robertsp@reno.gov

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Zach Coughlin
privilege.
Sent: Mon 11/21/11 7:18 PM
Ms. Roberts, the opposing attorney's unlawful rent distraint is preventing me from providing all the discovery I
would like to provide you with or ascertain the need to do, and further is preventing me from having access to
the materials and information I need to litigate this case.
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
Licensed in Nevada
privilege.

Date: Mon, 14 Nov 2011 10:36:45 -0800
fromthe Court that your trial date has been continued, you will need to appear this afternoon at 1:00 pmin
CourtroomB of the Reno Municipal Court. We can discuss your case further at that time and if we are unable to
case.
Date: Fri, 11 Nov 2011 01:40:53 -0800
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
verint user agreement

Sent: Mon 11/21/11 8:40 PM
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
Licensed in Nevada
00123
Re: temporary address change and instruction to pursue a continuance
privilege.
From: Ken Howard (HowardK@reno.gov)
Sent: Tue 11/22/11 7:01 AM
To: Zach Coughlin (zachcoughlin@hotmail.com); robertsp@reno.gov
Mr. ZachCoughlin
Thereisanappropriatemanner inwhichtotender "motions" tothecourt. Theyaretobeproperly
preparedandfiled. Donot usethise-mail addresstocommunicatedirectlywiththejudge.
KenHoward
RenoMunicipal Court J udge
Department 4
(775) 326-6673
To: <howardk@reno.gov>, <robertsp@reno.gov>
Date: Mon, 21 Nov 2011 16:06:32 -0800
Subject: temporary address change and instruction to pursue a continuance

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Zach Coughlin
onthecontentsof thisinformationisstrictlyprohibited. This message is confidential, intended only for the named recipient(s)
and may contain information that is privileged, attorney work product or exempt from disclosure under applicable law. If you are
not the intended recipient(s), you are notified that any disclosure, copying, distribution or any action taken or omitted to be taken in
reliance on the contents of this information is prohibited and may be unlawful. If you receive this message in error, or are not the
named recipient(s), please notify the sender, delete this e-mail from your computer, and destroy any copies in any form immediately.
Receipt by anyone other than the named recipient(s) is not a waiver of any attorney-client, work product, or other applicable
privilege.

Sent: Tue 11/29/11 1:33 PM
Dear Ms. Roberts,

The opposing attorney in the Summary Eviction Proceeding against me in my home law office/business is
asserting a lien against my office, law practice files, and materials necessary to discovery production and
defending the case that you are the prosecutor on. I believe a continuance is absolutely necessary in the
interests of justice. Additionaly, you have been informed that Walmart previous to the arrest in this matter
became upset at the accused and made threats of malicious prosecution and abuse of process incident to the
accused questioning various Wal-mart personnel and managers about Wal-Marts curious practice of remixing
and forgetting the Return Policy stated in writing at Walmart.com (and expressly made applicable to purchases
made in Wal-Mart stores). A manager named "Ellis", though who may have identified himself as "John" and a
Loss prevention associate at the West 7th Street Wal-Mart in Reno allegedly told the accused that they would
have him banned from all Wal-Marts in retaliation for the accused seeking to do something to which he was
legally entitled to do, return and item at a Wal-Mart stores in accordance with Wal-Mart's stated and written
Return Policy. There are other retaliatory aspects to the conducts and statements made by both Wal-Mart and
RSIC personnel in this case.

Additionally, the video "evidence" that you provided is shameful. It consists of two short clips in some Wal-Mart
back room where 5-6 people, including 2 RSIC officers acting under color of state law on land their employer
owns and leases to Wal-Mart attempt to coerce not only a confession, but a consent to search. There is no audio
of the video, at least not the video you provided, that is. Where is the video of the alleged acts? How you can
maintain a case such as this stemming from the accused acts in a store like Wal-Mart, that has hundreds of
cameras and only provide video from some backroom that proves nothing and, in the words of "Jeannie" the
contact person at your office "doesn't show anything", I am not sure, and whether that is violative of your duties
as a prosecutor, Nifong, NRCP 11 (see Schumacher's application of that civil rule to the DA) is not clear. You
have been informed that the RSIC officer committed police misconduct and yet you brazenly announce in writing
that you do not intend to follow up on that, nor do you feel compelled to.
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.

Date: Tue, 22 Nov 2011 07:59:37 -0800
Dear Mr. Coughlin, you will need to file a motion to continue in compliance with Reno Municipal Court
procedures. As I have stated in a previous email, I do not object to your motion to continue, however, it is up
to the J udge whether or not he will grant your motion. Regarding the video which I obtained at your previous
court date, I have told you that you can come to our office and viewthe video. If you still want a copy, I
believe our staff will be able to make one for you. NRS 174.235 does not require me to do more than what I
have already done. We have provided you with the reports we have, listed the witnesses we will call and made
the video available to you. PamRoberts, Deputy City Attorney.
Date: Mon, 21 Nov 2011 13:05:28 -0800
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
Licensed in Nevada

Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2011 07:40:44 -0800
employee) and Officers Crawford and Braunworth fromthe Reno Sparks Indian Colony Police. I obtained the
video at the first trial date fromthe Walmart employee and it is available for you to viewor get a copy. You
may want to viewit at the City Attorney's Office as the CDdoesn't seemto work on everyone's computer.
Penie Colter will be able to assist you. I amnot clear on what you think my duty is, but I knowwhat my duty
is and I will not debate it via email. PamRoberts, Deputy City Attorney.
Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 17:30:36 -0800
00124

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
Licensed in Nevada

Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 17:12:21 -0800
Mr. Coughlin, you should have already received a notice regarding the availability of discovery and request
for reciprocal discovery. You just need to call ahead at 334-2050 and arrange to pick it up. You are entitled
to copies of all the reports and witness statements and video we may have on this case. Since I amnot
calling any additional witnesses that are not already mentioned in the reports/statements, I amnot
obligated to send you an additional list of witnesses. I amalso not obligated to do any further investigation
or interviews. PamRoberts.
Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 15:35:48 -0800

Thank You,

Date: Mon, 14 Nov 2011 10:36:45 -0800
confirmation fromthe Court that your trial date has been continued, you will need to appear this
afternoon at 1:00 pmin CourtroomB of the Reno Municipal Court. We can discuss your case further at
that time and if we are unable to resolve the case, you can ask the Court again for a continuance and I
won't object. However, it is the Court's decision to grant your motion to continue.
It is also the Court's decision whether to appoint you a legal defender. I do not plan to ask for jail time,
so the Court is not required to appoint you an attorney. In addition, you have no right to a jury trial in
a misdemeanor case.
Date: Fri, 11 Nov 2011 01:40:53 -0800
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
** Notice** ThismessageandaccompanyingdocumentsarecoveredbytheelectronicCommunicationsPrivacy
Act, 18U.S.C. 2510-2521, andmaycontainconfidential informationintendedfor thespecifiedindividual (s)
only. If youarenot theintendedrecipient or anagent responsiblefor deliveringit totheintendedrecipient, youare
herebynotifiedthat youhavereceivedthisdocument inerror andthat anyreview, dissemination, copying, or the
FW: temporary address change and instruction to pursue a continuance
takingof anyactionbasedonthecontentsof thisinformationisstrictlyprohibited. This message is confidential,
intended only for the named recipient(s) and may contain information that is privileged, attorney work
product or exempt fromdisclosure under applicable law. If you are not the intended recipient(s), you are
notified that any disclosure, copying, distribution or any action taken or omitted to be taken in reliance on
the contents of this information is prohibited and may be unlawful. If you receive this message in error, or
are not the named recipient(s), please notify the sender, delete this e-mail fromyour computer, and
destroy any copies in any formimmediately. Receipt by anyone other than the named recipient(s) is not a
waiver of any attorney-client, work product, or other applicable privilege.

Sent: Tue 11/29/11 3:14 PM
To: robertsp@reno.gov; renomunirecords@reno.gov
1 attachment
Motion for Continuance to Reno City Atty Roberts RMC.pdf (448.9 KB)
Ms. Roberts and RMC Records Supervisor Donna,
I am forwarding this apology I sent to Judge Howard in response to his remonstration responding to my email to
him, in an abundance of caution to avoid ex parte communications with the court, outside your presence. Please
also find attach e a NRCP Rule 11 safe harbor filing ready sanctions motions I am hereby serving on you,
invoking the 21 day safe harbor, with a reservation that any misconduct you commit in the court's presence may
be punished sua sponte or subject to contemporaneous sanctions requests, particular with regard to you blase
dismissal of the official misdoncut, malicious prosecution, 42 USC Sec 1983 deprivations of civil rights under
color of state law and all those other things your office and Hartshorn, et all have been sued for over the years.

Please find attached my Motion for Continuance, being filed by fascimile today with the RMC.
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
your cop lying, see your video drivers license produce ap overview at
6:49 mark
privilege.

From: zachcoughlin@hotmail.com
To: howardk@reno.gov
Subject: RE: temporary address change and instruction to pursue a continuance
Date: Tue, 22 Nov 2011 17:22:45 -0800

Zach Coughlin,
Sent: Sun 12/04/11 3:37 AM
To: robertsp@reno.gov; kadlicj@reno.gov; kadlicj@ci.reno.nv.us

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
00125
FW: your cop lying, see your video drivers license produce ap overview at
6:49 mark
Sent: Sun 12/04/11 3:45 AM

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.

Subject: your cop lying, see your video drivers license produce ap overview at 6:49 mark
Date: Sun, 4 Dec 2011 03:37:24 -0800
6:49 mark

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
Sent: Sun 12/04/11 4:05 AM
To: lcooley@rsic.org; voldenburg@rsic.org; rariwite@rsic.org; police@rsic.org; robertsp@reno.gov
pgoins@rsic.org, lcooley@rsic.org; voldenburg@rsic.org; rariwite@rsic.org; police@rsic.org
THE OFFICERSARE KAMERON CRAWFORD AND BRAUNWORTH, WHOCAME ACROSSA
FAR MORE COGNITIVELY IMPAIRED IN COURT THAN HE DID IN PERSON, TOAN EXTENT
THAT WOULD SUGGEST HE WASDISHONORING THE LEGAL PROCESSBY HIS
"PARTICIPATION", AND ITSALL ON TAPE.
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
discovery request;
privilege.
Sent: Wed 12/07/11 1:16 AM
To: robertsp@reno.gov; kadlicj@reno.gov

00126

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
Sent: Thu 12/08/11 3:44 PM
To: hazlett-stevensc@reno.gov; robertsp@reno.gov

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.

Date: Wed, 7 Dec 2011 07:34:25 -0800
aware that I cannot communicate with a you as a represented party. Do not contact me without your counsel.
Thank you,
Chris
City of Reno
Tel: 326-6628
Fax: 334-4226
Date: Wed, 7 Dec 2011 01:48:03 -0800
I amwritingtorequest acopyof anyandall discovery, pleadings, documentation,
correspondences, or mediainanywayconnectedtothetrespasscaseagainst mefor which
LewTaitel wasapparentlymycourt appointedattorney, but whomnolonger is. Further, I
wishtobecopiedoneverythingpast andpresent inanywayrelatedtothismatter until
andafter I procureanother attorney. I didnot agreetothecontinuanceyousought, nor
wasI informedyouwereseekingit. I findit particularlytroublingthat acontinuancewas
grantedinthetrespasscasetothesamemanwhoisapplyinganunlawful rent distraint on
bothmyclient files, personal property, AND THE EXCLUPATING EVIDENCE I NEED
TO DEFEND MYSELF IN THE PETIT LARCENY CASE FOR WHICH I DETAIL THE
COMPLAINTS I HAVE AGAINST YOU AND YOUR OFFICE'S HANDLING
BELOW. NO CONTINUANCE WAS GRANTED OR AGREED TO AT TRIAL BY
THE RMC OR MS. ROBERTS, PERHAPS SHE WAS TOO BUSY ALLEGEDLY
SUBORNING THE PERJ URY OF RSIC OFFICER KAMERON CRAWFORD.
Inthediscoveryyour officeprovidedinthepetit larcenymatter Ms. Robertsprosecuted
against methereisafaxfromtheRSIC toyouthat hasafaxheadingfor what appearsto
be"page1" followedbypageswithout that heading...thenaheadingwith"page4" etc... I
want theentirecontentsof anythingprovidedbytheRSIC andWalmart toyouor anyone
connectedwiththeRenoCityAttorneyor theRenoMunicipal Court. Further, I want all
mediaprovidedbyWalmart, andI questionwhyyouneeded45minuteswiththethree
witnesswhotestifiedat theNovember 30th, 2011trial, from1pmto1:45pm.
Additionally, youareherebyservedaNRCP 11motionrequiringyoutocorrect the
perjuryyousubornedincourt withrespect tothepatentlycontradictorytestimonyof
Officer Crawfordvisavisthevideoevidenceyouyourself providedindiscovery.
Further, I spokewithyou, Mr. Hazlett-Stevens, shortlyafter theSeptember 9, 2011arrest
inthismatter demandingacopyof all documentationor discoverythat I hadanyright to.
I wastoldI wouldnot haveanyopportunitytoreviewsuchmaterialsprior tothe
arraignment, whichwasnot set for afull 30daysout fromthearrest. DoI not havea
right toacopyof thepcsheet, arrest report, andwitnessstatementswithin48hoursof the
arrest? Thefaxtoyour officefromtheRSIC isdated9/12/2011, yet mywrittendemands
andrequestsfor suchdiscoveryanddocumentationweremet withrefusalstoprovidesuch
materials, and, insomecase, claimsthat your officedidnot evenhavesuchmaterialsand
wouldnot get themuntil after thearraignment. Further, I spokewithandprovidedwritten
requeststoRSIC Sargent Avansinowithin2daysafter thearrest andherefusedtoprovide
thematerials, asdidtheRenoMunicipal Court. Pleasealert thecourt toanywrongdoing
onyour'sor theRenoCityAttorneyor theRSIC part inthisregardinprejudicingmy
abilitytodefendmycasebydelayingtheproductionof essential discovery, thenrefusing
toagreetoacontinuanceat trial, after earlier providingawrittenagreement tosucha
continuance.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402

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Case 1:05-cv-02827-GET Document 1 Filed 11/02/05 Page 1 of 7 Case 1:05-cv-02827-GET Document 1 Filed 11/02/05 Page 2 of 7
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11 cr 22176 2I
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J udge Howar d
Zachar y Bar ker Coughl i n
November 30, 2011
1pm
Zach Coughl i n
29t h November 2011
" El l i s" or " J ohn" , Cust omer Ser vi ce Manager or ASM W. 7t h St . Wal mar t 89503
Loss pr event i on manager and
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2:06-cv-10887-GCS-VMM Doc #1 Filed 02/28/06 Pg 1 of 19 Pg ID 1 2:06-cv-10887-GCS-VMM Doc #1 Filed 02/28/06 Pg 2 of 19 Pg ID 2
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1 Case No. 11CR 22176
F I LED
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Plaintif,
vs.
Defendant.

ORDER
On November 30, 2011, Defendant Coughlin was found guilty of the
offense of Petit Larceny, a violation of RMC 8.10.040. Thereafter, Appellant filed his
Notice of Appeal on December 13, 2011. Additionally, Defendant Coughlin filed a
Motion to Vacate and/or Set Aside, Motion for Reconsideration, Motion for Recusal
and Motion for Publication of Transcript at Public Expense.
Appellant Coughlin
requested that he be provided the trial transcript at public expense on the basis that
he was indigent. On November 14, 2011, Defendant Coughlin filed a Motion to
Proceed In Forma Pauperis wherein he seeks a waiver of certain fees due to his
asserted indigence.
A. FAILURE TO PROPERLY SERVE CITY ATTORNEY
Written motions are to be served upon each of the parties. NRS
178.582. Service upon the attorney or upon a party must be made in the manner
provided in civil actions. NRS 178.584.
1

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Appellant has chosen to serve the City Attorney with these various
pleadings via electronic mail. There is no provision in the Nevada Revised Statutes or
the Rules of Court which denotes electronic mail as an appropriate means of serice
of process. This alone is a basis for non-consideration/denial of Appellant's various
requests.
B. MOTION FOR PUBLICATION OF TRANSCRIPT AT PUBLIC EXPENSE and
MOTION TO PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS
Defendant Coughlin cites to NRS 12.015 as authority for allowing him to
issue "any, necessary writ, process, pleading or paper without charge, with the
exception of jury fees because I lack sufficient financial ability to proceed without this
waiver".
Appellant Coughlin's reference to NRS 12.015 is misplaced as that
provision refers to civil procedure. He cites no other authority for his request.
This case has gone to verdict and the defendant was found guilty. It is
difficult to see what additional costs will be incurred by Appellant Coughlin other than
the trial transcript. This is not a complex case with numerous factual or legal issues.
Mr. Coughlin is a licensed attorney-at-law who implied during trial that
his incarceration for contempt would adversely affect his clients. Yet, Mr. Coughlin, in
his "afidavit of poverty" does not indicate any income from his practice of law. Of
note, Mr. Coughlin posted cash bail during the litigation of the instant matter.
This Court has not been provided suficient information to determine Mr.
Coughlin's indigency status and will not grant him carte blanche authority to continue
the fishing expedition he conducted during the trial of this matter. Appellant's motion
to further pursue this matter at public expense is denied.
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C. MOTION TO VACATE AND/OR SET ASIDE, MOTION FOR
RECONSIDERA TION AND MOTION FOR RECUSAL
These motions will not be addressed as Defendant Coughlin has not
submitted a basis for their consideration.
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Defendant Coughlin's Motion to Proceed
In Forma Pauperis and Motion for Publication of Transcript at Public Expense is
DENIED.
IT IS FURTHER ORR DE RED that the Motion to Vacate and/or Set
Aside, Motion for Reconsideration and Motion for Recusal are presently DENIED.
G
DATED this /5 day of December, 201 .
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Pursuant to NRCP 5(b), I certif that I a an employee of the Reno MuniciII Court,
Reno, Nevada, and that on this date I served a true and correct copy of te foregoing document,
ORDER on the party(ies) set forth below:
1
Placing said document in a sealed envelope placed for collecting and mailing in the
United States mail, at Reno, Nevada, postage prepaid, following ordinary business
practices.
Facsimile to :
Federal Express or other overight delivery.
Personal Delivery.
City Attorney's Ofce
Post Ofce Box 1900
Reno, Nevada 89509
Zachary Coughlin
817 N. Virginia Street, #2
Reno, Nevada 89501
DA TED this J day of Dec mber, 20 II.
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JOH J. KADLIC
Reno City Attorey
Pamela G. Roberts
Deputy City Attorey
Post Ofice Box 1900
Reno, Nevada 89505

5 Attorneys/or Plaintif
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Reno City Attorney
P.O. 80x 1900
Reno, NV 89505
IN THE MUNICIPAL COURT OF THE CITY OF RENO,
CITY OF RENO,
Plaintiff CASE NO. IC 11-0627
vs. DEPT. NO. 4
ZACHAR COUGHLIN,
Defendant.
1m~- 1
NOTICE OF DENIAL OF SERVICE
Plaintiff City of Reno by and throug John J. Kadlic, Reno City Attorey, and Pamela G.
Roberts, Deputy City Attorey, fles this Notice of Denial of Service.
Plaintiff City of Reno (hereinafer the "City") is infonned and believes that on or about
December 13, 2011 Defendant Zachary Coughlin (hereinafer "Coughlin ") sent a email to
"renomunirecords@reno.gov" and former Reno Municipal Court Administrator Matt Fisk at
"fiskm@reno.gov". See Declaration of Pamela G. Roberts. Coughlin subsequently forward that
email to DeputyCityAttoreyPamelaG.Roberts(hereinafer .. DCARoberts ).1d.
Contained witin the email Coughlin sent to "renomunirecords@reno.gov" and foner
Reno Municipal Court Administrator Matt Fisk at "fskm@reno.gov" and forwarded to DCA
Roberts is the allegation:
PROOF OF SERVICE:
I emailed a copy of this to Pam Roberts for the Plaintiff City
=1 =
f^ ~wm.=-..
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Krn0City Attorney
.U.B0x1V
Reno, ^NV55
of Reno on this date, a true and correct copy and further

email her a copy of all the 12 11 11 MOtion [sic] for New
Trial, etc. yesterday to:
Pamela G Rober

Company: Reno City Attorney's Office - Criminal
Divison [sic]
Address: P.O. Box 1900 Reno, NV 89505
Phone Number: 775-334-2050
Fax number: 775-334-2420
Email: robertsp@reno.gov
Id Thus it appears that Coughlin is making the allegation that the City has been served with
some type of motion for a new tial.
There is no provision in the Nevada Revised Statutes, Reno Municipal Code or R.M.C.R.
which provides for service of motions or other pleadings via email. S-- Nevada Revised
Statutes, Reno Municipal Code and the R.M.C.R. Indeed, Coughlin has been informed by DCA
Roberts that the City will not accept service of any motions or other pleadings via email. S--
Declaration of Pamela G. Roberts.
The City has not been properly served by Coughlin with any motions or other pleading or
filings in this case since Coughlin's conviction for Petit Larceny on November 30, 2011.
Dated this j+ day of December, 2011.
_=
JOHN J. KADLIC
Reno City Attorey
B
y
: -- .. __
Pamela G. Robe11s
Deputy City Attorey
P.O. Box
Reno, Nevada 89505
tora-vs):rP/oiot((
00146
DECLARATION OF PAMELA G. ROBERTS

2 !. d a Deputy City Attorey for the City of Reno, Nevada.
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2. Defendant Zachary Coughlin was found Guilty of Petit Larceny by the Honorable Judge
4 Kenneth Howard afer a Trial on Wednesday, November 30, 2011.
5 3. On Monday, December 5, 2011, opened an email from Defendant Coughlin and replied to
6 him stating that would not respond to any correspondence from him via email and that he
7 needed to fle any motions or notices in accordance with the applicable rules of the Court.
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4. That despite my admonition to Defendant Coughlin, he has sent at least three more emails,
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some of which could be construed as an attempt to serve me with a motion.
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5. The aforementioned emails contain links and attachments that the City and I will not open as
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we have concers about computer viruses.
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6. Plaintiff City of Reno is informed and believes that on or about December 13, 2011
13 Defendant Zachary Coughlin (hereinafter "Coughlin") sent an email to
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HruuLlIyAII0rnry
F.L. o\ 1V0
Hrn0PV50S
"renomunirecords@reno.gov" and former Reno Municipal Court Administrator Matt Fisk at
"fiskm@reno.gov". Coughlin subsequently forward that email to me.
7.
Contained within the email Coughlin sent to "renomunirecords@reno.gov" and former Reno
Municipal Court Administrator Matt Fisk at "fiskm@reno.gov" and forwarded to me is the
allegation:
///
/l
PROOF OF SERVICE:
emailed a copy of this to Pam Roberts for the Plaintiff City of Reno on this date, a true
and correct copy and further email her a copy of all the 2 1 MOtion [sic] for New
Tnal, etc. yesterday to.
H8m6l8 U H006U5

Company: Reno City Attorney's Office -Criminal Divison [sic]
Address: P.O. Box 1UUU Reno, NV UOUO
Phone Number. O-4-2UOU
Fax number: /O-4-242U
--
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RraoItyA!t0rnry
F.L. Box V
Reno. PY0
8.
The City has not been served by Defendant Coughlin with any motions or other pleading or
filings in this case by mail or personal service since Coughlin's conviction for Petit Larceny
on November 30, 2011.
Pursuant to NRS 53.045, I declare under penalty of pequry that the foregoing is true and
correct. Executed on December 14, 2011.
-4-
Pamela O. Roberts
Deputy City Attorey
00148
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Reno City Attol'ney
P.O. Bo,
Reno, NV55
certify that d an employee of the Reno City Attorey, Reno, Nevada, and that on the.
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day of December, 2011, I deposited for mailing at Reno, Nevada, first class postage
prepaid, a true and correct copy of the foregoing document addressed to:
Zachary Coughlin
817 N. Virginia Street #2
Reno, Nevada 89501
.
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00151
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it in on his ra0io, 0"s-it" CraA/or0, t"sti/Bing, un0"r oath, at trial, that Coughlin Aas arr"st"0, in larg"
-art, D"caus" h" 0i0 not -ro0uc" a -hBsical 0ri<"rCs lic"ns" an0 th" in/or+ation Ahich Aoul0 D"
contain"0 th"r"on an0 n"c"ssarB to Arit" a citation. CraA/or0 t"sti/i"0 that this lacE o/ -ro0ucing a
0ri<"rs lic"ns" Fan0 th" 0is-atch r"cor0s can cl"arlB shoA th" running o/ CoughlinCs 0ri<"rs lic"ns"
nu+D"r, Ahich Coughlin h"r"DB 0"clar"s un0"r -"naltB o/ -"rGurB h" has n"<"r co++itt"0 to +"+orB
in his "ntir" li/"?. (urth"r, in 0ir"ct contra0iction to th" sAorn t"sti+onB o/ Doth (rontino an0
CraA/or0, th" 6,C /or th" cough 0ro-s 0o"s a--"ar on Doth th" all"g"0lB stol"n it"+s H14.$$ r"c"i-t
an0 th" H8$.$$ r"c"i-t o/ it"+s -urchas"0 i++"0at"lB -rior to th" arr"st. Both (rontino an0
CraA/or0 sAor" that th" 6,C 0i0 not a--"ar on Doth.
2N279S3S
:inston ,ro0ucts <. ."Bo"r, 1 N"<. 20<.8-. 48, 134 ,. 3r0 7' F$$'?;I3n r"sol<ing this +otion,
A" r"<isit th" +"tho0 us"0 to co+-ut" th" ti+" /or /iling +otions /or Gu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/ laA an0
/or a n"A trial an0 th" tolling -"rio0 to /il" a notic" o/ a--"al Ah"n th"s" +otions ar" s"r<"0 DB +ail
or "l"ctronic +"ans. J %h" N"<a0a !ul"s o/ Ci<il ,roc"0ur" FN!C,? r"quir" th"s" so&call"0 tolling
+otions to D" /il"0 Aithin 1$ 0aBs /ro+ th" 0at" a Gu0g+"nt is /il"0 an0 s"r<"0. J 4oA"<"r, th" $$4
a+"n0+"nts to th" N!C, chang"0 th" co+-utation o/ ti+" Ah"r" th" -r"scriD"0 -"rio0 is l"ss than
11 0aBs to ")clu0" Satur0aBs, Sun0aBs an0 nonGu0icial 0aBs. J :h"r", as h"r", th" ti+" to /il" a
tolling +otion is 1$ 0aBs, A" conclu0" that th" I-"rio0 o/ ti+" -r"scriD"0K in N!C, 'Fa? 0o"s not
inclu0" th" 3&0aB alloAanc" /or s"r<ic" DB +ail un0"r N!C, 'F"?. J %h"r"/or", th" /iling -"rio0 /or a
tolling +otion is co+-ut"0 /irst un0"r N!C, 'Fa?, an0 th"n 3 a00itional 0aBs ar" a00"0 un0"r N!C,
'F"? Ah"n s"r<ic" Aas +a0" DB +ail or "l"ctronic +"ans. J 6sing this co+-utation +"tho0, A"
conclu0" that a--"llantCs tolling +otions A"r" ti+"lB /il"0 in th" 0istrict court. J 2ccor0inglB, A"
0"nB r"s-on0"ntCs +otion to 0is+iss this a--"al. J (urth"r, although this issu" Aas not a00r"ss"0 DB
Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing ."a0lin"
/or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
00152
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th" -arti"s, A" conclu0" that th" tolling +otions also toll"0 th" ti+" to a--"al /ro+ th" -ost&Gu0g+"nt
or0"r aAar0ing attorn"B /""s an0 costs.
(2C%S
%h" /inal Gu0g+"nt a/t"r a GurB <"r0ict in /a<or o/ r"s-on0"nt Aas /il"0 on 2-ril 18, $$#. J
!"s-on0"nt s"r<"0 a--"llant Aith notic" o/ "ntrB o/ th" 0istrict courtCs /inal Gu0g+"nt <ia /acsi+il"
an0 +ail on 2-ril 1, $$#. J (i/t""n 0aBs lat"r, on 5aB ', $$#, a--"llant +o<"0 th" 0istrict court
/or Gu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/ laA un0"r N!C, #$FD? or /or a n"A trial -ursuant to N!C, #9. J
!"s-on0"nt o--os"0 a--"llantCs +otions in th" 0istrict court, arguing, in -art, that th"B A"r" not
ti+"lB /il"0.
B"/or" r"sol<ing th" +otions, on @un" 9, $$#, th" 0istrict court "nt"r"0 a -ost&Gu0g+"nt or0"r
aAar0ing attorn"B /""s an0 costs in /a<or o/ r"s-on0"nt. J Notic" o/ "ntrB o/ th" or0"r Aas s"r<"0 on
a--"llant on @un" 1$, $$#. J 8n @un" 7, $$#, th" 0istrict court "nt"r"0 its or0"r 0"nBing
a--"llantCs +otion /or Gu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/ laA or /or a n"A trial. J %h" 0istrict court 0"t"r+in"0
that a--"llantCs +otions ha0 D""n ti+"lB /il"0 Dut conclu0"0 that a--"llant Aas not "ntitl"0 to anB
r"li"/. J 8n @ulB 9, $$#, Aithin 3$ 0aBs a/t"r s"r<ic" o/ notic" o/ "ntrB o/ th" @un" 7 or0"r
r"sol<ing th" +otions, a--"llant /il"0 a notic" o/ a--"al /ro+ that or0"r, th" /inal Gu0g+"nt, an0 th"
-ost&Gu0g+"nt or0"r aAar0ing attorn"B /""s an0 costs.
!"s-on0"nt has /il"0 a +otion to 0is+iss th" a--"al, all"ging that a--"llantCs +otions /or Gu0g+"nt as
a +att"r o/ laA an0 /or a n"A trial A"r" not ti+"lB an0 th"r"/or" 0i0 not toll th" ti+" to a--"al. J
2--"llant o--os"s th" +otion.
DISCUSSION
3 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing ."a0lin"
00153
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L%his court lacEs Guris0iction to consi0"r an a--"al that is /il"0 D"Bon0 th" ti+" alloA"0 un0"r
N!2, 4Fa?.
1
J2 ti+"lB /il"0 +otion /or Gu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/ laA un0"r N!C, #$FD? or /or a n"A
trial un0"r N!C, #9 tolls th" ti+" /or /iling an a--"al until no lat"r than 3$ 0aBs a/t"r a -artB s"r<"s
Aritt"n notic" that th" or0"r r"sol<ing such +otions has D""n "nt"r"0.
J2 tolling +otion un0"r

N!C, #$FD? or N!C, #9 is ti+"lB i/ it is /il"0 Aithin 1$ 0aBs a/t"r a -artB s"r<"s Aritt"n notic" that a
Gu0g+"nt has D""n "nt"r"0.
3
J%hr"" a00itional 0aBs ar" a00"0 to this /iling 0"a0lin" Ah"n s"r<ic"
Aas +a0" DB +ail or "l"ctronic +"ans.
4

3n th" +otion to 0is+iss, r"s-on0"nt argu"s that our -rior cas" laA r"quir"s that th" 3&0aB alloAanc"
/or +ailing D" a00"0 0ir"ctlB to th" 1$&0aB -"rio0 to /il" tolling +otions D"/or" co+-uting th" /iling
0"a0lin" un0"r N!C, 'Fa?. J E+-loBing this rational" suDG"cts th"s" tolling +otions to a 13&0aB ti+"
-"rio0. J 6n0"r N!C, 'Fa?, int"r+"0iat" Satur0aBs, Sun0aBs an0 nonGu0icial 0aBs Aoul0 D" inclu0"0
in th" co+-utation o/ th" 13&0aB -"rio0. J 2--lBing this a--roach to this cas" r"sults in th" thirt""nth
0aB /ro+ s"r<ic" o/ notic" o/ "ntrB /alling on 5aB 4, $$#. J 3n this sc"nario, D"caus" a--"llantCs
+otions A"r" not /il"0 until 5aB ', $$#, th"B Aoul0 D" unti+"lB an0 Aoul0 not "//"cti<"lB toll th"
ti+" to a--"al.
2--"llant "ncourag"s us to a0o-t th" o--osit" a--roach to that sugg"st"0 DB r"s-on0"nt. J 3nst"a0 o/
/irst a00ing th" 3 0aBs /or s"r<ic" DB +ail to r"ach a 13&0aB ti+" -"rio0, a--"llant cont"n0s that
soun0 Gu0icial -olicB /a<ors a00ing th" 3&0aB alloAanc" onlB a/t"r co+-uting th" 1$&0aB /iling -"rio0
an0 ")clu0ing int"r+"0iat" nonGu0icial 0aBs un0"r N!C, 'Fa?. J 2--"llant argu"s that this +"tho0 o/
co+-uting th" ti+" -"rio0 is consist"nt Aith /"0"ral court int"r-r"tation o/ th" analogous /"0"ral rul",
(!C, ', an0 /urth"rs th" int"nt o/ N!C, 'F"? DB alloAing /or +or" ti+" Ah"n s"r<ic" is +a0" DB
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+ail. J 6sing this +"tho0 in this cas", a--"llant argu"s that its +otions /or Gu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/
laA an0 /or a n"A trial A"r" ti+"lB /il"0 an0 "//"cti<"lB toll"0 th" ti+" to a--"al.
!ul" 'Lo/ th" N"<a0a !ul"s o/ Ci<il ,roc"0ur" go<"rns ti+":
Fa?JCo+-utation. 3n co+-uting anB -"rio0 o/ ti+" -r"scriD"0 or alloA"0 DB th"s" rul"s, DB th" local
rul"s o/ anB 0istrict court, DB or0"r o/ court, or DB anB a--licaDl" statut", th" 0aB o/ th" act, "<"nt, or
0"/ault /ro+ Ahich th" 0"signat"0 -"rio0 o/ ti+" D"gins to run shall not D" inclu0"0. J %h" last 0aB
o/ th" -"rio0 so co+-ut"0 shall D" inclu0"0, unl"ss it is a Satur0aB, a Sun0aB, or a nonGu0icial 0aB, in
Ahich "<"nt th" -"rio0 runs until th" "n0 o/ th" n")t 0aB Ahich is not a Satur0aB, a Sun0aB, or a
nonGu0icial 0aB, or, Ah"n th" act to D" 0on" is th" /iling o/ a -a-"r in court, a 0aB on Ahich A"ath"r
or oth"r con0itions ha<" +a0" th" o//ic" o/ th" cl"rE o/ th" 0istrict court inacc"ssiDl", in Ahich "<"nt
th" -"rio0 runs until th" "n0 o/ th" n")t 0aB Ahich is not on" o/ th" a/or"+"ntion"0 0aBs. J :h"n th"
-"rio0 o/ ti+" -r"scriD"0 or alloA"0 is l"ss than 11 0aBs, int"r+"0iat" Satur0aBs, Sun0aBs, an0
nonGu0icial 0aBs shall D" ")clu0"0 in th" co+-utation ")c"-t /or thos" -roc""0ings /il"0 un0"r %itl"s
1 or 13 o/ th" N"<a0a !"<is"0 Statut"s.
F"?J200itional %i+" 2/t"r S"r<ic" DB 5ail or El"ctronic +"ans. J :h"n"<"r a -artB has th" right or
is r"quir"0 to 0o so+" act or taE" so+" -roc""0ings Aithin a -r"scriD"0 -"rio0 a/t"r th" s"r<ic" o/ a
notic" or oth"r -a-"r, oth"r than -roc"ss, u-on th" -artB an0 th" notic" or -a-"r is s"r<"0 u-on th"
-artB DB +ail or DB "l"ctronic +"ans, 3 0aBs shall D" a00"0 to th" -r"scriD"0 -"rio0.
FE+-has"s a00"0.? J %his court has -r"<iouslB consi0"r"0 in tAo cas"s th" issu" o/ co+-uting ti+"
-"rio0s un0"r N!C, ' Ah"n s"r<ic" Aas +a0" DB +ail. J 3n !oss <. >iaco+o, this court conclu0"0
that in calculating th" ti+" to /il" a tolling +otion, th" 3&0aB alloAanc" /or s"r<ic" DB +ail is a00"0
# Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing ."a0lin"
00155
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0ir"ctlB to th" 1$&0aB -"rio0&r"sulting in a 13&0aB /iling -"rio0.
#
J5or" r"c"ntlB, in Custo+ CaDin"t
(actorB o/ N"A 9orE <. .istrict Court, a $$3 cas" in<ol<ing th" 3$&0aB ti+" -"rio0 to /il" a r"qu"st
/or trial 0" no<o a/t"r arDitration, A" a//ir+"0 th" co+-utation +"tho0 "+-loB"0 in !oss an0 h"l0
that th" 3&0aB alloAanc" /or s"r<ic" DB +ail Ishoul0 D" a00"0 to th" ti+" allott"0 DB statut" or rul"
/irstK an0 th"n th" ti+" -"rio0 shoul0 D" co+-ut"0 un0"r N!C, 'Fa?.
'
J:" r"ason"0 that th"
alt"rnati<" +"tho0 o/ co+-uting ti+" un0"r !ul" 'Fa? o/ a00ing th" 3 0aBs /or s"r<ic" DB +ail a/t"r
co+-uting th" /iling 0"a0lin" IAoul0 -ot"ntiallB r"sult in an a00itional /i<" to s"<"n 0aBs to /il"
+otionsK Ahich Aas Ico+-licat"0 an0 aDsur0.KM
7
J3nst"a0, A" D"li"<"0 at th" ti+" that using th"
+"tho0 o/ /irst a00ing th" 3 0aBs /or s"r<ic" DB +ail to th" ti+" allott"0 DB statut" or rul" an0 th"n
co+-uting th" ti+" -"rio0, Aas a si+-l"r an0 s-""0i"r co+-utation sch"+".
8

4oA"<"r, in $$4, a/t"r our 0"cisions in !oss an0 Custo+ CaDin"t, A" a+"n0"0 N!C, ' to D"
consist"nt Aith th" 198# a+"n0+"nts to th" /"0"ral rul".
9
J%hat a+"n0+"nt +a0" th" ")clusion o/
int"r+"0iat" Satur0aBs, Sun0aBs, an0 nonGu0icial 0aBs a--licaDl" in co+-uting ti+" -"rio0s o/ l"ss
than 11 0aBs.
1$
JB"/or" th" $$4 a+"n0+"nt, N!C, 'Fa? onlB ")clu0"0 int"r+"0iat" nonGu0icial
0aBs in co+-uting -"rio0s o/ l"ss than 7 0aBs. J S"<"ral /"0"ral courts ha<" consi0"r"0 th" int"nt
D"hin0 (!C, 'F"?Cs 3&0aB +ailing alloAanc" in int"r-r"ting th" 198# a+"n0+"nt to th" co+-utation
-ro<ision o/ (!C, 'Fa?.
11
J3n co+-uting ti+" -"rio0s in thos" cas"s, th" /"0"ral 0"cisions ha<"
/ocus"0 on th" I-"rio0 o/ ti+" -r"scriD"0K an0 0"t"r+in"0 that it 0o"s not inclu0" th" 3 a00itional
0aBs /or +ailing un0"r !ul" 'F"?. J %hos" /"0"ral courts ha<" th"r"/or" /oun0 that th" l"ss&than&11&
0aB -ro<ision o/ !ul" 'Fa? is a--licaDl" to 1$&0aB -"rio0s "<"n Ah"n s"r<ic" is +a0" DB +ail.
3n th" /irst s"+inal cas" a/t"r th" 198# a+"n0+"nt to (!C, ', a /"0"ral 0istrict court in NaltB <.
NaltB %r"" (ar+ r"cogniN"0 that th" a+"n0+"nt IAas int"n0"0 to ")t"n0 th" r"s-ons" ti+" alloA"0
' Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing ."a0lin"
00156
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un0"r <arious rul"s -r"scriDing t"n 0aB li+its.KM
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J%h" NaltB court oDs"r<"0, hoA"<"r, that a00ing
a00itional ti+" /or +ailing un0"r !ul" 'F"? to cr"at" a 13&0aB ti+" -"rio0 ulti+at"lB r"sult"0 in th"
sa+" a+ount o/ ti+" that Aas alloA"0 D"/or" th" 198# a+"n0+"nt D"caus" at that ti+", nonGu0icial
0aBs A"r" not ")clu0"0 /ro+ th" co+-utation o/ 1$&0aB -"rio0s.
13
J%h" court 0"t"r+in"0 that
IOsPuch a r"sult cannot D" consist"nt Aith th" oD<ious int"ntions o/ th" a0<isorB co++itt""K an0
0"clar"0 that IOtPh" +ailing rul" shoul0 -ro<i0" thr"" ")tra 0aBs, in a00ition to Ahat"<"r -"rio0 th"
-artB Aoul0 oth"rAis" ha<", to r"/l"ct th" -r"su+"0 la-s" in notic" D"caus" o/ s"r<ic" DB +ail.KM
14
J
%h" NaltB court thus h"l0 that th" 3&0aB alloAanc" /or +ailing shoul0 D" a00"0 onlB a/t"r co+-uting
th" ti+" -"rio0 un0"r !ul" 'Fa?.
1#

7iE"Ais", in 7"rro <. QuaE"r 8ats Co.,
1'
th" S"<"nth Circuit Court o/ 2--"als a00r"ss"0 this sa+"
issu" in th" cont")t o/ an oDG"ction to a +agistrat" Gu0g"Cs r"-ort an0 conclu0"0 that Ith" -"rio0 o/
ti+"K in !ul" 'Fa? Aas not th" su+ o/ all alloAaDl" -"rio0s. J %h" court not"0 that !ul" 'F"? is
I0"sign"0 to gi<" a litigant a--ro)i+at"lB th" sa+" "//"cti<" ti+" to r"s-on0 Ah"th"r -a-"rs ar"
s"r<"0 DB han0 or DB +ail.KM
17
J2n0 th" court r"ason"0 that IOtPh" onlB AaB to carrB out !ul" 'F"?Cs
/unction o/ a00ing ti+" to co+-"nsat" /or 0"laBs in +ail 0"li<"rB is to "+-loB !ul" 'Fa? /irst.KM
18

3n %ushn"r <. 6nit"0 Stat"s .istrict Court /or C"ntral .istrict o/ Cali/ornia, th" Ninth Circuit Court
o/ 2--"als conclu0"0 that th" 1$&0aB -"rio0 -r"scriD"0 /or /iling a GurB 0"+an0 0i0 not D"co+" a 13&
0aB -"rio0 /or -ur-os"s o/ !ul" 'Fa? as a r"sult o/ th" s"r<ic"&DB&+ail -ro<ision o/ !ul" 'F"?.
19
J%h"
court stat"0 that !ul" 'F"? shoul0 not D" Iconstru"0 to r"n0"r -r"scriD"0 -"rio0s o/ l"ss than "l"<"n
0aBs in"ligiDl" /or D"n"/icial tr"at+"nt un0"r !ul" 'Fa?K an0 conclu0"0 that it IAoul0 D" ano+alous
to int"r-r"t th" rul"s so that a litigant s"r<"0 DB +ail Aoul0 ha<" l"ss ti+" /or action than a litigant
s"r<"0 -"rsonallB.KM
$
J3nst"a0, th" court h"l0 that IOtPh" -"rio0 is calculat"0 /irst DB a--lBing th"
00157
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l"ss&than&"l"<"n&0aB -ro<ision o/ !ul" 'Fa?, th"r"DB ")clu0ing anB int"r<"ning A""E"n0s an0 l"gal
holi0aBs. J 2/t"r this co+-utation, thr"" a00itional 0aBs ar" a00"0 /or +ail s"r<ic" un0"r !ul" 'F"?.KM
1

2s A" not"0 in Custo+ CaDin"t, /"0"ral 0"cisions ar" not Din0ing on this court.
J4oA"<"r, IOAP"
ha<" -r"<iouslB r"cogniN"0 that /"0"ral 0"cisions in<ol<ing th" ("0"ral !ul"s o/ Ci<il ,roc"0ur"
-ro<i0" -"rsuasi<" authoritB Ah"n this court ")a+in"s its rul"s.KM
3
J8n th" -articular issu" o/
co+-uting ti+" un0"r N!C, ', th" /"0"ral 0"cisions 0iscuss"0 aDo<" in r"gar0 to th" /"0"ral rul" ar"
logicallB co+-"lling.
8ur 0"cisions in Custo+ CaDin"t an0 !oss r"/l"ct th" courtCs 0"sir" to +aintain a si+-l", "//ici"nt
an0 uni/or+ sBst"+ /or co+-uting ti+" -"rio0s un0"r N!C, '.
4
4oA"<"r, n"ith"r o/ thos" cas"s
consi0"r"0 th" i+-act that th"ir co+-utation sch"+" Aoul0 ha<" on /iling -"rio0s suDG"ct to th"
-ro<ision in N!C, 'Fa? /or th" ")clusion o/ int"r+"0iat" nonGu0icial 0aBs. J 3n light o/ our r"c"nt
a+"n0+"nt to N!C, 'Fa?, Ahich +a0" th" nonGu0icial&0aB ")clusion a--licaDl" to long"r ti+"
-"rio0s, A" can no long"r r"concil" th" utilitB o/ !oss an0 Custo+ CaDin"t Aith th" sti/ling "//"ct
that th"B ha<" on th" int"nt D"hin0 !ul" 'F"?. J!ul" 'F"? is int"n0"0 to -ro<i0" litigants Aith
a00itional ti+" Ah"n s"r<ic" is +a0" DB +ail. J %h" co+-utation +"tho0 A" "+-loB"0 in Custo+
CaDin"t an0 !oss AorEs contrarB to that int"nt. J 6sing th" +"tho0 "+-loB"0 in thos" cas"s a/t"r th"
a+"n0+"nt to !ul" 'Fa?, Ah"n a 1$&0aB ti+" -"rio0 is in<ol<"0, th" -artB -"rsonallB s"r<"0 Aoul0
alAaBs ha<" +or" ti+" to act than a -artB s"r<"0 DB +ail.
(or ")a+-l", N!C, #9FD? -ro<i0"s that IOaP +otion /or a n"A trial shall D" /il"0 no lat"r than 1$ 0aBs
a/t"r s"r<ic" o/ Aritt"n notic" o/ th" "ntrB o/ th" Gu0g+"nt.K J 3/ a -artB is -"rsonallB s"r<"0 Aith
notic" o/ "ntrB, that -artB has 14 cal"n0ar 0aBs to /il" a +otion D"caus" un0"r N!C, 'Fa?, th"
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int"r+"0iat" nonGu0icial 0aBs Aoul0 D" ")clu0"0 /ro+ th" co+-utation. J But un0"r th" !oss an0
Custo+ CaDin"t co+-utation sch"+", i/ that -artB ha0 D""n s"r<"0 DB +ail, that -artB Aoul0 onlB
ha<" 13 cal"n0ar 0aBs to /il" th" sa+" +otion D"caus" th" int"r+"0iat" nonGu0icial 0aBs Aoul0 D"
inclu0"0 in th" co+-utation. J 2n0 a/t"r taEing into account th" actual ti+" /or 0"li<"rB o/ +ail, a
-artB s"r<"0 DB +ail Aoul0 c"rtainlB ha<" "<"n l"ss than 13 cal"n0ar 0aBs to act. J %his r"sult 0"/"ats
th" -ur-os" o/ !ul" 'F"? an0 "ss"ntiallB +aE"s th" a+"n0+"nt to !ul" 'Fa? a nullitB DB con<"rting
1$&0aB ti+" -"rio0s into 13&0aB -"rio0s that 0o not garn"r th" D"n"/it o/ th" a+"n0+"nt. J 2s th"
S"<"nth Circuit oDs"r<"0 in 7"rro, IOiPnt"ractions Aithin a co+-l") s"t o/ rul"s so+"ti+"s can ha<"
un")-"ct"0 an0 unA"lco+" "//"cts, Dut A" shoul0 not cr"at" th"+ Ah"n th" t")t r"a0ilB can D"ar
anoth"r +"aning.KM
#
J:" shoul0 not 0o so h"r" in int"r-r"ting N!C, '.
L:" th"r"/or" r"<"rs" our 0"cisions in Custo+ CaDin"t an0 !oss to th" ")t"nt that th"B r"quir" that
/iling -"rio0s D" co+-ut"0 DB a00ing th" 3 0aBs /or s"r<ic" DB +ail un0"r N!C, 'F"? to th"
-r"scriD"0 -"rio0 D"/or" a--lBing N!C, 'Fa?. J Consist"nt Aith th" co+-"lling /"0"ral cas"s
0iscuss"0 aDo<", A" hol0 that th" 1$&0aB ti+" -"rio0 /or /iling +otions /or Gu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/
laA an0 /or a n"A trial shoul0 D" calculat"0 /irst un0"r N!C, 'Fa?, ")clu0ing int"r+"0iat" Satur0aBs,
Sun0aBs an0 nonGu0icial 0aBs. J 3/ s"r<ic" Aas +a0" DB +ail or "l"ctronic +"ans, 3 0aBs shoul0
th"r"a/t"r D" a00"0 -ursuant to N!C, 'F"?.
3n this cas", notic" o/ th" Gu0g+"ntCs "ntrB Aas s"r<"0 DB +ail on %hurs0aB, 2-ril 1, $$#. J
Co+-uting th" 1$&0aB ti+" -"rio0 /ro+ this 0at" an0 ")clu0ing int"r+"0iat" nonGu0icial 0aBs un0"r
N!C, 'Fa?, ")t"n0"0 th" 0"a0lin" /or tolling +otions to %hurs0aB, 5aB #, $$#. J 200ing 3 0aBs at
that -oint /or s"r<ic" DB +ail +a0" 5on0aB, 5aB 9, $$#, th" /inal 0"a0lin" to /il" +otions /or
Gu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/ laA or /or a n"A trial. J 2--"llantCs +otions A"r" /il"0 D"/or" that 0at", an0
th"r"/or" th"B A"r" ti+"lB /il"0 an0 "//"cti<"lB toll"0 th" ti+" to a--"al. J %h"r"a/t"r, a--"llant
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ti+"lB /il"0 a notic" o/ a--"al Aithin 3$ 0aBs a/t"r s"r<ic" o/ Aritt"n notic" o/ "ntrB o/ th" or0"r
r"sol<ing th" tolling +otions.
'

L(inallB, although th" +otion to 0is+iss an0 o--osition 0i0 not a00r"ss Ah"th"r a--"llantCs tolling
+otions toll"0 th" ti+" to a--"al /ro+ th" -ost&Gu0g+"nt or0"r aAar0ing attorn"B /""s, D"caus" o/ th"
a+Diguous natur" o/ this ar"a o/ laA an0 th" -ot"ntial -it/all that it +aB -r"s"nt to -ractition"rs, A"
"l"ct to a00r"ss it sua s-ont".
7
J%h" -r"cis" issu" is Ah"th"r a tolling +otion 0ir"ct"0 at th" /inal
Gu0g+"nt also tolls th" ti+" to a--"al /ro+ a s-"cial or0"r a/t"r /inal Gu0g+"nt. J %his is an issu" o/
/irst i+-r"ssion in N"<a0a.
L2n or0"r aAar0ing attorn"B /""s an0 costs is suDstanti<"lB a--"alaDl" as a s-"cial or0"r a/t"r /inal
Gu0g+"nt.
8
JS-"cial or0"rs a/t"r /inal Gu0g+"nt ar" a--"alaDl" D"caus" th"B a//"ct th" rights o/ a
-artB groAing out o/ th" /inal Gu0g+"nt.
9
J7iE" an a--"al /ro+ a /inal Gu0g+"nt, an a--"al /ro+ an
or0"r aAar0ing attorn"B /""s an0 costs +ust D" /il"0 no +or" than 3$ 0aBs /ro+ th" 0at" that notic"
o/ th" or0"rCs "ntrB is s"r<"0.
3$

4"r", notic" o/ "ntrB o/ th" or0"r aAar0ing attorn"B /""s an0 costs Aas s"r<"0 on a--"llant on @un"
1$, $$#. J 4oA"<"r, a--"llant 0i0 not /il" its notic" o/ a--"al until @ulB 9, $$#&A"ll D"Bon0 th"
3$&0aB ti+" li+it alloA"0 un0"r N!2, 4Fa?F1?. J 2ccor0inglB, this court onlB has Guris0iction to
consi0"r issu"s r"lating to th" attorn"B /""s an0 costs or0"r i/ th" ti+" to a--"al /ro+ that or0"r Aas
toll"0 DB a--"llantCs +otions /or Gu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/ laA an0 /or a n"A trial.
N!2, 4Fa?F4? -ro<i0"s that Ah"n a tolling +otion is /il"0, Ith" ti+" to /il" a notic" o/ a--"al runs /or
all -arti"s /ro+ "ntrB o/ an or0"r 0is-osing o/ th" last such r"+aining +otion.K J %his courtCs
0"cisions ha<" "<aluat"0 tolling +otions in th" cont")t o/ a--"als /ro+ /inal Gu0g+"nts.
31
J4oA"<"r,
1$ Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
00160
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D"caus" N!2, 4Fa?F4? 0o"s not s-"ci/B /ro+ Ahich or0"rs th" ti+" to a--"al +aB D" toll"0, its
a--licaDilitB to -ost&Gu0g+"nt or0"rs aAar0ing attorn"B /""s an0 costs is uncl"ar.
3n this cas", th" or0"r aAar0ing attorn"B /""s to r"s-on0"nt Aas -r"0icat"0 on th" /inal Gu0g+"nt in
r"s-on0"ntCs /a<or. J %h"r" is thus a clos" conn"ction D"tA""n th" /inal Gu0g+"nt an0 th" s-"cial
or0"r a/t"r /inal Gu0g+"nt in that a chang" to th" /inal Gu0g+"nt Aoul0 liE"lB r"sult in a chang" to th"
s-"cial or0"r a/t"r /inal Gu0g+"nt. J BB 0"/inition, anB s-"cial or0"r a/t"r /inal Gu0g+"nt +ust D"
clos"lB r"lat"0 to th" Gu0g+"nt. J %his clos" conn"ction l"a0s us to conclu0" that th" tolling +otions
"nu+"rat"0 in N!2, 4Fa?F4? a--lB to Doth tB-"s o/ or0"rs. J 2nB oth"r int"r-r"tation o/ N!2, 4Fa?
F4? Aoul0 r"sult in th" a--"al o/ a -ost&Gu0g+"nt or0"r -roc""0ing in this court Ahil" th" un0"rlBing
Gu0g+"nt Aas still suDG"ct to chang" 0uring th" -"n0"ncB o/ tolling +otions in th" 0istrict court. J
Such an "//"ct Aoul0 not onlB i+-"0" Gu0icial "cono+B an0 r"sult in -i"c"+"al litigation,
3
Dut it
Aoul0 also liE"lB D" count"rintuiti<" to +anB l"gal -ractition"rs an0 cr"at" signi/icant con/usion o<"r
th" ti+" /or /iling a--"als /ro+ s-"cial or0"rs a/t"r /inal Gu0g+"nt. J 2s A" ha<" -r"<iouslB
")-lain"0, IOtPh" /iling o/ a si+-l" notic" o/ a--"al Aas int"n0"0 to taE" th" -lac" o/ +or"
co+-licat"0 -roc"0ur"s to oDtain r"<i"A, an0 th" notic" shoul0 not D" us"0 as a t"chnical tra- /or th"
unAarB 0ra/ts+an.KM
33
J8ur int"r-r"tation o/ N!2, 4Fa?F4? tolling +otions shoul0 r"/l"ct our int"nt
to -r"s"r<" a si+-l" an0 "//ici"nt -roc"0ur" /or /iling a notic" o/ a--"al.
L:" th"r"/or" hol0 that a ti+"lB /il"0 tolling +otion un0"r N!2, 4Fa?F4? tolls th" ti+" to a--"al
/ro+ Doth /inal Gu0g+"nt an0 s-"cial or0"rs "nt"r"0 a/t"r /inal Gu0g+"nt. J 2ccor0inglB, this court
has Guris0iction to consi0"r th" +"rits o/ anB issu"s rais"0 in this a--"al r"lating to th" aAar0 o/
attorn"B /""s an0 costs in th" 0istrict courtCs @un" 9, $$#, or0"r.
C8NC76S38N
11 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
00161
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:" r"<"rs" our 0"cisions in Custo+ CaDin"t an0 !oss to th" ")t"nt that th"B r"quir" that /iling
-"rio0s D" co+-ut"0 DB a00ing 3 0aBs /or s"r<ic" DB +ail un0"r N!C, 'F"? to th" -r"scriD"0 ti+"
-"rio0 D"/or" a--lBing N!C, 'Fa?. J (urth"r, A" hol0 that th" I-"rio0 o/ ti+" -r"scriD"0K 0o"s not
inclu0" th" 3&0aB alloAanc" /or s"r<ic" DB +ail un0"r N!C, 'F"? an0 that ti+" -"rio0s shoul0 D"
calculat"0 /irst un0"r N!C, 'Fa? D"/or" a00ing ti+" un0"r N!C, 'F"?. J 6sing this +"tho0 o/
co+-utation, A" conclu0" that a--"llantCs +otions /or Gu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/ laA an0 /or n"A trial
A"r" ti+"lB /il"0 an0 thus "//"cti<"lB toll"0 th" ti+" to a--"al. J 2s a r"sult, a--"llantCs notic" o/
a--"al Aas ti+"lB /il"0. J 2ccor0inglB, A" 0"nB r"s-on0"ntCs +otion to 0is+iss.
:" /urth"r hol0 that ti+"lB +otions list"0 un0"r N!2, 4Fa?F4? toll Doth th" ti+" to a--"al /ro+ th"
/inal Gu0g+"nt an0 th" ti+" to a--"al /ro+ a s-"cial or0"r "nt"r"0 a/t"r /inal Gu0g+"nt. J
2ccor0inglB, this court also has Guris0iction to consi0"r th" +"rits o/ a--"llantCs a--"al /ro+ th"
0istrict courtCs or0"r aAar0ing attorn"B /""s an0 costs in /a<or o/ r"s-on0"nt.
(88%N8%ES
1. LS"" N!2, 3Fa?; M2l<is <. Stat", >a+ing Control B0., 99 N"<. 184, ''$ ,.0 98$ F1983?.
. LN!2, 4Fa?F4?.
3. LN!C, #$FD?; MN!C, #9FD?.
4. LN!C, 'F"?.
#. L97 N"<. ##$, ##3 nn. 1 R , '3# ,.0 98, 3$$ nn. 1 R F1981?.
'. L119 N"<. #1, #4&##, ' ,.30 741, 743 F$$3?.
7. L30. at #4, ' ,.30 at 74&43.
8. L30.
00162
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9. LS"" N!C, ' 0ra/t"rCs not" F$$4?.
1$. L30.
11. LS"", ".g., NaltB <. NaltB %r"" (ar+, '#4 (.Su--. 131# FS...2la.1987?; M%ushn"r <. 6.S. .ist.
Court /or C"nt. .ist. o/ Cal., 89 (.0 8#3 F9th Cir.1987?; M7"rro <. QuaE"r 8ats Co., 84 (.30 39
F7th Cir.199'?.
1. L'#4 (.Su--. at 1317.
13. L30.
14. L30.
1#. L30. at 1317&18.
1'. L84 (.30 39, 4.
17. L30.
18. L30.
19. L89 (.0 at 8##&#'.
$. L30. Fciting NaltB, '#4 (.Su--. at 1317?.
1. L30. at 8##&#'.
. L119 N"<. at #4, ' ,.30 at 74&43.
3. LN"lson <. 4""r, 11 N"<. 83, 1 ,.30 1#, 1#3 F$$#?.
4. LCusto+ CaDin"t, 119 N"<. at ##, ' ,.30 at 743.
#. L84 (.30 at 4.
'. LN!2, 4Fa?F4?.
00163
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7. LS"" 2lDios <. 4oriNon Co++uniti"s, 3nc., 1 N"<. 4$9, 13 ,.30 1$ F$$'?; M5cNair <.
!i<"ra, 11$ N"<. 4'3, 4'8 n. ', 874 ,.0 14$, 144 n. ' F1994?; MBra0l"B <. !o+"o, 1$ N"<. 1$3,
1$#, 71' ,.0 7, 8 F198'?; M:"st"rn 3n0us., 3nc. <. >"n"ral 3ns. Co., 91 N"<. , 9&3$, #33
,.0 473, 478 F197#?.
8. LS+ith <. CroAn (inancial S"r<ic"s, 111 N"<. 77, 89 n. , 89$ ,.0 7'9, 771 n. F199#?.
9. LS"" >u++ <. 5ainor, 118 N"<. 91, #9 ,.30 1$ F$$?.
3$. LN!2, 4Fa?F1?.
31. LS"", ".g., 5att"r o/ 2--lication o/ .uong, 118 N"<. 9$, 9&3, #9 ,.30 11$, 11 F$$?
Fconclu0ing that a ti+"lB /il"0 +otion to a+"n0 or +aE" a00itional /in0ings o/ /act toll"0 th" ti+" to
a--"al /ro+ a /inal Gu0g+"nt 0"nBing a -"tition to s"al cri+inal r"cor0s?; MCha-+an 3n0ustri"s <.
6nit"0 3nsuranc", 11$ N"<. 4#4, 4#7, 874 ,.0 739, 741 F1994? Fconclu0ing that ti+"lB /il"0 tolling
+otions toll"0 th" ti+" to a--"al /ro+ th" /inal Gu0g+"nt?; M2Dl" El"ctric, 3nc. <. =au/+an, 1$4 N"<.
9, 31&3, 7# ,.0 18, $ F1988? Fconclu0ing that a +otion to alt"r or a+"n0 toll"0 th" ti+" to
a--"al /ro+ th" /inal Gu0g+"nt?.
3. LS"", ".g., 4allicra/t"rs Co. <. 5oor", 1$ N"<. #', 78 ,.0 441 F198'?.
33. L(or+an <. Eagl" %hri/tB .rugs R 5arE"ts, 89 N"<. #33, #3', #1' ,.0 134, 13# F1973?,
o<"rrul"0 on oth"r groun0s DB >ar<in <. .ist. Ct., 118 N"<. 749, 7#1, #9 ,.30 118$, 1181 F$$?.K
:inston ,ro0ucts <. ."Bo"r, 1 N"<. 20<.8-. 48, 134 ,. 3r0 7' F$$'?;
%h" aDo<", a0+itt"0lB ")t"n0"0 citation, a--li"s to this issu"s at han0. :h"r"/or", th"
u0n"rsign"0 s""Es a co-B o/ th" 8r0"r /ro+ th" 11 3$ , $11 %rial, inclu0ing anB Cont"+-t 8r0"r,
Ahich +ust s"t /or th" Aith s-"ci/icitB -ursuant to 4ouston <. Eight @u0icial .istirct Court Ah"n
@u0g" ,o+"ranN" -ut 4ouston in cu//s /or aDout 3$ +inut"s, a cas" 3 a+ so+"Ahat aAar" o/:
Coughlin 5an0a+us:
htt-:11cas"in/o.n<su-r"+"court.us1-uDlic1cas"Vi"A.0oScs33.T74'
4ouston 5an0a+us:
htt-:11cas"in/o.n<su-r"+"court.us1-uDlic1cas"Vi"A.0oScs33.T14$#
.2%E. this ."c"+D"r 1'th, $11
U1s1 Zach Coughlin
Zach Coughlin
."/"n0ant
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DECLARATION OF ZACH COUGHIN
1. 3 a+ th" ."/"n0ant in this action.
. 3 a+ not sur" ")actlB Ahat @u0g" 4oAar0 8r0"r"0 at th" conclusion o/ th" No<"+D"r $
th
,
$ll %rial
3. 3 ha<" not D""n "ntir"lB sur" Ahat th" 0i//"r"nc" is D"tA""n "+ails an0 /a)"s, as +anB -"o-l"
s"n0 /a)"s /ro+ th"ir co+-ut"rs, liE" "+ail, an0 it is +B un0"rstan0ing that all "l"ctronic
trans+issions, Ah"th"r t")t, soun0, <i0"o, Ahat"<"r, ar" ulti+at"lB Gust con<"rt"0 to s"ri"s o/
1Cs an0 $Cs....Non"th"l"ss, 3 ha<" r"a0 th" !5C! !ul" # on s"r<ic" o/ +otions DB /asci+il"
an0 +a0" r"asonaDl" att"+-ts to co+-lB Aith 5s. !oD"rts r"qu"st that 3 int"r-r"t that rul" to
+"an a trans+ission o/ 1Cs an0 $Cs that is not I"+ailK Das"0. 2s such, 3 /a) h"r /ro+ a /a)
nu+D"r o/ +in", 949&''7&74$ an0 ha<" /a)"0 h"r th" ."c"+D"r 13
th
5otion /or a N"A %rial,
"tc. to 5s. !oD"rts at h"r /a) nu+D"r. 3 EnoA o/ EnoA rul" that alloAs 5s. !oD"rts, a -uDlic
"+-loB"", to all th" su00"n 0"clar" a citiN"n is not alloA"0 to "+ail h"r, +uch l"ss o--osing
couns"l in a cas".
4. 2ttorn"Bs in -ri<at" -ractic", as /ar as 3 EnoA, +anag" to o-"n attach+"nts, us" S-BDot,
5alAar"DBt"s, Su-"r2ntiS-BAar", Ahat"<"r....th"B +aE" it ha--"n Aithout a su-"r Dloat"0
go<"rn+"ntal salarB an0 0onCt clai+ a I/"ar o/ <irus"sK shoul0 0ictat" "<"rBthing, in +B
o-inion.
#. 2t th" conclusion o/ th" No<"+D"r 3$
th
, $11 %rial, in0""0, s"<"ral hours -rior to its
conclusion "<"n, 3 Aas ")tr"+"lB /aint an0 it Aas <"rB 0i//icult to /unction at th" l"<"l
n"c"ssarB to -ut on a 0"/"ns". 3 0o not Aish to go into th" AhBCs an0 Ah"r"/or"s o/ this, it
1# Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
00165
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+aB in<ol<"0 2.21-ri<acB issu"s1+"0ical issu"s, Dut, su//ic" to saB, 3 in no AaB coul0 ha<"
i+agin"0 that th" !5C Aoul0 s"" /it to hol0 "<"rBon" th"r", +anB g"tting -ai0 quit" a Dit o/
o<"rti+", in so+" incr"0iDl" "//ort to +aE" sur" this on" littl" ol0 -"tit larc"nB trial got 0on"
su-"r, su-"r /ast. 3 coul0 ha<" n"<"r i+agin"0 that th" %rial Aoul0 continu" until al+ost 9 -+
at night, AhB, in +B ")-"ri"nc", go<"rn+"nt "+-loB""s g"n"rallB l"a<" th"ir o//ic" Duil0ings
as soon a/t"r # -+ as hu+anlB -ossiDl". 2s such, 3 Aas in no AaB -r"-ar"0,
-hBsicallB1+"ntallB1+"0icallB, "tc. to continu" on that lat" into th" "<"ning.
'. 2--ar"ntlB, at th" clos" o/ %rial, @u0g" 4oAar0 +a0" a ruling. 3 ha<" r"c"i<"0 con/licting
r"-orts as to Ah"th"r th" !5C is ass"rting that 3 "nt"r"0 a guiltB -l"a F3 0o not D"li"<" that
ass"rtion co+-orts Aith r"alitB in anB AaB? or Ah"th"r @u0g" 4oAar0 +a0" a /in0ing o/
Cont"+-t co++itt"0 in th" -r"s"nc" o/ th" Court .$3$ an0 su++arilB s"nt"nc"0 +" to
thr"" 0aBs in Gail, Aith no -ossiDilitB o/ staB or a--"llat" r"<i"A, 0"s-it" @u0g" 4oAar0 ha<ing
0"ni"0 +" +B Si)th 2+"n0+"nt !ight %o Couns"l, assuring +" h" Aoul0 not or0"r anB
incarc"ration. 3 outlin"0 to @u0g" 4oAar0 Ahat a 0"<astating "//"ct his ruling +ight ha<" on
+B cli"nts cas"s to th" ")t"nt h" Aas not a//or0ing +" anB o--ortunitB to h"l- th"+ +aE"
oth"r arrang"+"nts to a<oi0 -r"Gu0icing th"ir cas"s, an0 @u0g" 4oAar0 agr""0 that h" Aas sa0
aDout that th"n angrilB l"/t th" D"nch a/t"r ")clai+ing so+"thing liE" IA" ar" o// th" r"cor0K.
7. 2t that -oint @u0g" 4oAar0Cs t"a+ o/ 5arshalls F3 thinE aDout /our o/ th" 5arshalls, at l"ast
A"r" AorEing at o<"rti+" Aag"s at that -oint in th" night to insur" that th" :al&5art cl"rE
Aoul0 not D" Dur0"n"0 DB ha<ing to r"turn to court 0uring nor+al Dusin"ss hours shoul0 a
continuanc" ha<" D""n grant"0? stor+"0 u- to +" an0 0"+an0"0 3 assu+" a han0cu//"0
-osition, 0"s-it" +B -assionat" -l"as that 3 n""0"0 to D" aDl" to hit th" Isa<"K Dutton on +B
not"s /ro+ th" trial on +B n"tDooE co+-ut"r. %h" 5arshals tol0 +" that Aas not alloA"0 to
1' Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
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hit th" Isa<"K Dutton an0 that th"B 0i0nCt car" aDout +B not"s D"ing lost. 3ts r"allB Aas quit"
r"+arEaDl" th" ")t"nt to Ahich th"s" 5arshals tr"at"0 +" liE" 3 Gust EnocE"0 o// a liquor stor"
Aith a /ir"ar+, -istol Ahi--"0 th" cashi"r, th"n ha--"n"0 u-on th"+ in th" -arEing lot a/t"r
th"B Aitn"ss"0 th" "ntir" "<"nt.
8. 3 Aas taE"n DacE to a hol0ing c"ll /or s"<"ral +inut"s, Ah"r"u-on 3 Aas su++on"0 DacE into
th" court roo+ an0 @u0g" 4oAar0s -r"s"nc" Ah"r" h" talE"0 so+" +or". 2s 3 r"call, @u0g"
4oAar0 +"ntion"0 a 1$ 0aB li+itations -"rio0 or 0"a0lin" that Aoul0 D" running /ro+ th"
notic" o/ "ntrB o/ his V"r0ict an0 Cont"+-t (in0ing. @u0g" 4oAar0 +"ntion"0 that, gi<"n
that h" Aas incarc"rating +" /or th" n")t 3 0aBs, h" Aas going to ")t"n0 all 0"a0lin"s Ahich
+ight a--lB to anB notic"s o/ a--"al or +otions s""Eing a n"A trial, to s"t asi0" th" Gu0g+"nt,
<acat", "tc an a00itional thr"" 0aBs a/t"r th" nor+al ti+" on Ahich thos" li+itations -"rio0s
Aoul0 run. @u0g" 4oAar0 s""+"0 to ")-lain that this Aoul0 ha<" th" "//"ct o/ gi<ing +"
+or" ti+" to un0"rtaE" to /il" th"s" -l"a0ings, +otions, an0 notic"s i/ 3 so choos" so that th"
su++arB incarc"ration FAhich @u0g" 4oAar0 Aas sur" to -oint out Aoul0 not D" DailaDl" or
oth"rAis" circu+<"nt"0 DB anB att"+-ts to acc"ss Gustic"? Aoul0 not -r"Gu0ic" +B aDilitB to
0o so. 2s 3 un0"rstoo0 it this +"ant l"ngth"ning th" ti+" 3 ha0 to /il" such -a-"rs, not
short"ning it, an0 @u0g" 4oAar0 s""+"0 to in0icat" that th" -"rio0 to /il" such things Aoul0
still D" a0Gu0g"0 to D" Aithin th" 11 0aBs or l"ss cit"0 in N!C, 'Fa?, an0, as such, non
Gu0icial 0aBs Aoul0 not count toAar0s th" 1$ 0aBs Aithin Ahich 3 +ust /il" th" <arious -ost
V"r0ict -a-"rs 3 +ight Aant to /il". @u0g" 4oAar0 s""+"0 to in0icat" that th" thr"" a00itional
0aBs h" Aas granting +" Aoul0 D" a00"0 on a/t"r th" ")-iration o/ thos" 1$ non Gu0icial 0aBs
/ro+ notic" o/ "ntrB o/ @u0g" 4oAar0Cs 8r0"r Aas /il"0 Aith th" !5C an0 s"r<"0 u-on +".
00167
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9. 3t is +B r"coll"ction that @u0g" 4oAar0 th"n l"/t th" courtroo+ an0 3 Aas l"/t alon" Aith
aDout 4 5arshals, all coll"cting o<"rti+". 2t that -oint th" got a Dit rough Aith +" an0
start"0 s-"aEing in <"rB hostil", o+inous ton"s, sho<ing so+" -a-"rs in /ront o/ +B /ac", Dut
not long "nough /or +" to D" aDl" to r"a0 th"+ or 0isc"rn Ahat th"B r"lat"0 to. %h" 5arshals
D"gan 0"+an0ing that 3 sign th"s" -a-"rs. 3 asE"0 th"+ i/ th"B A"r" +ortgag" 0ocu+"nts or
-"rha-s so+" stu0"nt loan agr""+"nts or oth"r sorts o/ 0ocu+"nts /or Ahich anB r"asonaDl"
-"rson Aoul0 Aant an o--ortunitB to r"<i"A -rior to signing. %his +a0" th" 5arshals "<"n
+or" angrB than th"B nor+allB s""+, an0 th"B tB-icallB s""+ <"rB, <"rB angrB +ost o/ th"
ti+", to +" at l"ast. 3n /act, 5arshal 5"ntN"l, at 5B 8ctoD"r 11
th
, $11 arraign+"nt ha0
D"co+" "nrag"0 Aith +" /or asEign qu"stions aDout +B Si)th 2+"n0+"nt !ight to Couns"l. 3
r"-ort"0 this to th" court an0 "<"n +a0" a notation aDout it, 3 D"li"<", on th" 0ocu+"nt
5arshal 5"ntN"l 0"+an0"0 3 sign on that 0aB. %hat sa+" 0aB 5arshal 5"ntN"l criticiN"0 +"
to +B /ac" a/t"r 3 a--"ar"0 D"/or" @u0g" >ar0n"r /or th" arraign+"nt. 5"ntN"l tol0 +" 3 ha0
asE"0 @u0g" >ar0n"r stu-i0 qu"stions, an0 3 D"li"<" h" +a0" so+" oth"r insulting an0
thr"at"ning r"+arEs to +" at that ti+", Dut 3 a+ a Dit a/rai0 to g"t into h"r" in +uch 0"tail.
1$. So, on No<"+D"r 3$
th
, $11, a/t"r @u0g" 4oAar0 l"/t th" courtroo+ th" 5arshals Aoul0 not
l"t +" r"a0 th" -a-"rs th"B Aant"0 +" to sign /or +or" than a s"con0 or tAo D"/or" th"B
D"gan houn0ing +" to sign th"+ in angrB an0 thr"at"ning ton"s. 3 Aas so 0istraught /ro+ th"
<arious irr"gulariti"s 3 -"rc"i<"0 in th" %rial, an0 that Aas onlB co+-oun0"0 DB th" thuggish
D"ha<ior o/ th" 5arshals, Aho quicElB in/or+"0 +" that th"B 0i0nCt ha<" ti+" /or +" to r"a0
anBthing an0 0ragg"0 +" aAaB to th" 3 0aBs o/ incarc"ration 3 /ac"0, Ahil" +B car Aas sur"
to g"t toA"0 F"s-"ciallB consi0"ring th" ."-ut""s at th" :asho" CountB @ail saA /it to r"/us"
to alloA +" to +aE" +or" than, 3 D"li"<", a singl" -hon" call, shortlB a/t"r arri<ing at th" Gail,
00168
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Ah"r"u-on th"B A"nt into th"ir usual routin" o/ r"taliating against on" Aho r"/us"s to 0i<ulg"
th"ir r"ligious -r"/"r"nc" or on" Aho cannot ansA"r all o/ th"ir highlB in<asi<" qu"stions Aith
th" ")act 0"gr"" o/ s-"ci/icitB th"B 0"+an0. %his r"taliation, in +B cas", inclu0"0 /orcing +"
into so+" sort o/ -osition on +B En""s ")tr"+"lB clos" to th" crotch"s o/ s"<"ral :CS8
."-ut""s in so+" sort o/ sa0istic /orc"0 si+ulation o/ +B -"r/or+ing oral s") u-on th"+, at
l"ast /ro+ +B -oint o/ <i"A. 3 Aas -lac"0 in a /r""Ning col0 roo+, Aith a c"+"nt /loor, DB
+Bs"l/, in r"taliaton /or /ailing to 0isclos" +B r"ligious -r"/"r"nc" an0 in0icating that 3 Aas
not ")actlB sur" hoA +uch +on"B 3 +a0" "ach +onth gi<"n th" <ariaDl" natur" o/ +B
co+-"nsation. 3 Aas -lac" alon" in a hol0ing c"ll Aith nothing Dut a Aoo0"n D"nch, an0 th"
ic" col0 c"+"nt /loor 0u" to th" c"ll D"ing s"qu"st"r"0 aAaB /ro+ th" Duil0ings h"at sourc"s,
inclu0ing oth"r -"o-l". 5B 0og Aas l"/t to /"n0 /or its"l/. 5B 0og Aas /"atur" in this
."c"+D"rCs N"<a0a 7aAB"r +agaNin", @acEson ,aAlucE, a 3 B"ar ol0 ,"Eingn"s".
11. 3 .aBs lat"r Ah"n 3 Aas r"l"as" /ro+ Gail, th" -"rsonal -ro-"rtB r"turn"0 to +" 0i0 not
inclu0"0 anB V"r0ict or Cont"+-t (in0ing18r0"r r"lat"0 to th" No<"+D"r 3$
th
, $11 %rial in
!5C 11 C! 17'. 3 call"0 s"<"ral ti+"s in th" 0aBs /olloAing +B r"l"as" an0 s-oE" Aith
V"ronica 7o-"N Fthough it tooE s"<"ral 0aBs to asc"rtain h"r last na+" gi<"n that n"ith"r sh"
nor anBon" associat"0 Aith th" !5C Aoul0 0i<ulg" it to +"? Aho+ in/or+"0 +" that 3 ha0
D""n s"r<"0 @u0g" 4oAar0Cs 8r0"r at th" conclusion o/ th" No<"+D"r 3$
th
, $11 %rial. 5s.
7o-"N i++"0iat"lB tooE a DullBing, hostil", aggr"ssi<" ton" Aith +" that s""+ co+-l"t"lB out
o/ -lac" co+ing /ro+ h"r gi<"n th" -osition o/ authoritB th" -uDlic has "ntrust"0 h"r Aith an0
Ahat 3 /""l is a 0utB on h"r -art to att"+-t to co+" across as IGu0icialK rath"r than tBrannical.
1. 3 in/or+"0 5s. 7o-"N that 3 0i0 not /""l 3 ha0 D""n s"r<"0 at all, an0 that 3 Aas not at all sur"
Ahat sh" Aas r"/"rring to, Dut that 3 Aoul0 0"/init"lB liE" to g"t a co-B o/ anB 8r0"r
00169
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i++"0iat"lB, as A"ll as a co-B o/ th" au0io o/ th" %rial. 3 D"li"<" 5s. 7o-"N in/or+"0 +"
that 3 Aoul0 not D" alloA"0 a co-B o/ th" au0io, Dut that 3 Aoul0 n""0 to -aB /or a transcri-t to
D" +a0". 3 a+ sur", hoA"<"r, that a /"+al" !5C /iling o//ic" count"r "+-loB"" tol0 +" on
or aDout th" sa+" 0aB that 3 Aoul0 not "<"r D" -ro<i0"0 a co-B o/ th" au0io r"cor0ing o/ th"
trial Dut that 3 Aoul0 n""0 to -aB to ha<" a transcri-t +a0", an0 that 3 coul0 onlB us" ,a+
7ongoni, th" !5CCs 8//icial %ranscri-tist.
13. 3 call"0 5s. 7ongoni an0 Ah"n 3 /inallB got ahol0 o/ h"r sh" in/or+"0 +" that sh" Aoul0 n""0
th" !5C to alloA h"r acc"ss to th" au0io F0"s-it" h"r D"ing IlinE"0K to th" !5CCs sBst"+s?,
an0 that until that Aas 0on", sh" coul0 not quot" +" an "sti+at" /or th" transcri-t cost, nor
coul0 sh" acc"-t anB -aB+"nt /or+ +". 3 D"li"<" 5s. 7ongoni /urth"r in0icat"0 to +" that 3
Aoul0 not D" aDl" to g"t a co-B o/ th" actual au0io r"cor0ing "ith"r
14. 3 ha<" s"nt s"<"ral Aritt"n co++unications an0 ha0 s"<"ral <"rDal co++unications Aith ..
Ballar0 an0 oth"r !5C -"rsonn"l ")-r"ssing +B ")ig"nt 0"sir" to g"t a co-B o/ th" au0io o/
th" %rial, an0 hoA n"c"ssarB it Aas to -r"-aring /ilings1+otions1-l"a0ings /or Ahich 3 ha0 a
<"rB li+it"0 -"rio0 o/ ti+" to cra/t.
1#. B"/or", Ahil", an0 a/t"r s-"aEing Aith 5s. Ballar0, a g"ntl"+an Ahos" na+" "sca-"s +" Dut
Aho is a /iling count"r cl"rE at th" !5C tol0 +" 3 Aoul0 n""0 to g"t a suD-o"na to g"t a co-B
o/ th" !5C 0ocE"t in +B cas", an0 that h" coul0nCt gi<" +" co-i"s o/ anBthing in +B cas",
c"rtainlB not th" 8r0"r st"++ing /ro+ th" No<"+D"r 3$
th
, $11 %rial, that h" 0i0 not ha<"
acc"ss to such, an0 "<"n i/ h" 0i0, Aoul0 not -ro<i0" it, an0 that his sBst"+ 0i0 not shoA
"ntrB o/ anBthing in conn"ction Aith th" No<"+D"r 3$
th
, $11 %rial. 4" /urth"r <"ri/i"0 that
th"r" ha0 not D""n anB "ntrB in his I0ocE"tK /or !5C 11 C!17' 3 an0 that no Notic" o/
EntrB o/ 8r0"r or EntrB o/ 8r0"r ")ist"0 in his sBt"+ or co+-ut"r /or that +att"r /olloAing
$ Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
00170
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th" %rial. 4" 0i0 in0icat" that Ith"BK sai0 th" 5otion /or N"A %rial that 3 ha0 r"c"ntlB /il"0
Aas ti+"lB, an0 3 D"li"<" h" sai0 Ith"BK sai0 th" 0aB h" an0 3 A"r" curr"ntlB s-"aEing Aas
Ith" last 0aB th"B ga<" Bou to /il"K, Ahich 3 D"li"<" %u"s0aB, ."c"+D"r 13
th
, an0 gi<"n th"
Ia00itional 3 0aBsK languag" that 3 r"call @u0g" 4oAar0 +"ntioning h" Aas a00ing on to
alloA +" +or" ti+" to /il", Aoul0 +"an that Ith"BK F3 tooE Ith"BK to D" IV"ronicaK, Aho+
th" g"ntl"+an cl"rE st"a0/astlB r"/us"0 to i0"nti/B DB last na+" an0 /or Ahich th" -hon"
nu+D"r h" Arot" 0oAn /or +" in his oAn han0Ariting Aith IV"ronicaK Aritt"n out turn"0 out
to D" a 0isconn"ct"0 nu+D"r? ha0 assu+"0 s"r<ic" Aas a--ro-riat"lB -"r/or+"0 at th"
conclusion o/ th" %rial, an0 that 13 0aBs D"gan running on th" /olloAing 0aB, that th" hal/ a
0aB th" !5C is o-"n on (ri0aBs Aoul0 count as a /ull Gu0icial 0aB, an0 that non Gu0icial 0aBs
Aoul0 D" inclu0"0 in counting toAar0s this 13 0aBs gi<"n th" AaB Ith"BK or IV"ronicaK ha0
int"r-r"t"0 @u0g" 4oAar0Cs 8r0"r, a--ar"ntlB in a AaB that +a0" th" ti+" 3 ha0 to /il" th"s"
<arious -a-"rs short"r than it Aoul0 ha<" D""n ha0 @u0g" 4oAar0 si+-lB not grant"0 an
a00itional thr"" 0aBs gi<"n th" 0ictat"s o/ not counting non Gu0icial 0aBs in N!C, 'F"?. 3t is
+B un0"rstan0ing, hoA"<"r, th" 3 ha<" not "<"n D""n s"r<"0 this V"r0ict18r0"r, an0 that anB
li+itations -"rio0 +ust not "<"n D"gin running until 3 a+ a--ro-riat"lB s"r<"0. V"ronica
a0+itt"0 to +" on th" -hon", 3 D"li"<" on 5on0aB or %u"s0aB Ah"n 3 call"0 h"r /ro+ th"
/r"" -hon" in th" :asho" CountB 7aA liDrarB Aith laA liDarian "+-loB"" 7in0a BlaE"l"B
sitting Aithin "arshot, that th" !5C /"lt it ha0 a--ro-riat"lB s"r<"0 +" th" 8r0"r at th"
conlcusion o/ th" trial an0 ha0 /ail"0 to oth"rAis" s"n0 +" a co-B in th" +ail or DB /a). 3
asE"0 5s. 7o-"N i/ 3 coul0 g"t a co-B o/ th" 8r0"r, as A"ll as anB oth"r 8r0"rs that ha0 D""n
issu"0 in th" cas". Sh" agr"" to /a) +" onlB th" 8r0"r /ro+ th" conclusion o/ th" No<"+D"r
3$
th
, $11 %rial, r"/using to -ro<i0" anB oth"r 8r0"rs. 2s o/ B"t, 0"s-it" r"a0ing DacE to h"r
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+B /a) nu+D"r at l"ast tAic", 3 ha<" B"t to r"c"i<" a /a) containing anBthing /ro+ th" !5C,
+uch l"ss th" 8r0"r /olloAing th" No<"+D"r 3$, $11 %rial.
2,,73C2%38N (8! .E(E!!27 8! :23VE! 8( C86!% (EES 2N. C8S%
%his is an 2--lication /or ."/"rral o/ Court (""s an0 Costs.
S%2%E5EN%S 52.E %8 %4E C86!% 6N.E! 82%4. 3 sA"ar or a//ir+ that th" in/or+ation in this a--lication is
tru" an0 corr"ct. 3 +aE" this stat"+"nt un0"r th" -"naltB o/ -ros"cution /or -"rGurB i/ it is 0"t"r+in"0 that 3 0i0 not t"ll th"
truth.
3 a+ r"qu"sting a 0"/"rral or Aai<"r o/ th" /olloAing /""s an0 costs in +B cas":
UUU)UUU2nB or all o/ th" /olloAing: 2ll /iling /""s; /""s /or th" issuanc" o/ "ith"r a su++ons an0 suD-o"na;
UUU)UUU(""s /or oDtaining on" c"rti/i"0 co-B o/ a t"+-orarB or0"r in a 0o+"stic r"lations cas" or a /inal or0"r, Gu0g+"nt
or 0"cr"" in all cri+inal -roc""0ings.
UUU)UUU(""s /or s"r<ic" o/ -roc"ss DB a sh"ri//, +arshal, constaDl" or laA "n/orc"+"nt. (""s /or s"r<ic" DB -uDlication.
UUUVUUU(iling /""s an0 -hotoco-B /""s /or th" -r"-aration o/ th" r"cor0 on a--"al.
UUUVUUUCourt r"-ort"rWs /""s o/ r"-ort"rs or transcriD"rs "+-loB"0 DB th" court /or th" -r"-aration o/ th" transcri-t.
%h" Dasis /or th" r"qu"st is:
1. :23VE!: 3 a+ -"r+an"ntlB unaDl" to -aB. 5B inco+" an0 liqui0 ass"ts ar" insu//ici"nt or Dar"lB su//ici"nt to +""t
th" 0ailB "ss"ntials o/ li/" an0 unliE"lB to chang" in th" /or"s""aDl" /utur".
. .E(E!!27:
a. 5B inco+" is insu//ici"nt or is Dar"lB su//ici"nt to +""t th" 0ailB "ss"ntials o/ li/", an0 inclu0"s no allot+"nt that coul0
D" Du0g"t"0 /or th" /""s an0 costs that ar" r"quir"0 to gain acc"ss to th" court.
D. 3 0o not ha<" th" +on"B to -aB th" court /""s an0 costs noA. 3 0o not EnoA i/ 3 can -aB th" /""s an0 costs at a lat"r
0at".
2((3!52%38N ,ursuant to N!S 39B.$3$
%h" un0"rsign"0 0o"s h"r"DB a//ir+ that th" -r"c"0ing 0ocu+"nt 0o"s not contain
th" social s"curitB nu+D"r o/ anB -"rson.
,ursuant to N!S #3.$4#, 3 0"clar" un0"r -"naltB o/ -"rGurB that th" /or"going is tru" an0 corr"ct. E)"cut"0 on ."c"+D"r
1', $11
.2%E. this ."c"+D"r 1'th, $11
U1s1 Zach Coughlin
Zach Coughlin
."/"n0ant
Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
00172
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: I, Zach Coughlin, declare:
,I ,t

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From: zachcough'tn

12-16-11 7:41.. p. 24 of 24
POOF O SERYCE
I' ! O December 16, 2011, I,
i ',I " I
I
ad 1 ing a true copy thereof to:
5
Mr. Zach Coughlin served the foregoing document by emailing
Pame a G Robets, Esq.
,
Reno
,
ity Attorey's Office - Criminal Divison
..( ,Box 1900 Reno , NV 89505
,
Phon Number: 775-334-2050
! F
ax n mber: 775-334-2420
ov
D THIS 16t day of December, 2011 BY:
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00173
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Zach Coughlin
Reno, NV 89501
Tele: 775229!7"7
#a$: 9%9!!77%02
&ro 'er (e)en*ant+,''ellant
-.ST/C0 C1.RT R0N1 T12NS3/&
2,S310 C1.NT4, N0V,(,
C/T4 1# R0N15
&lainti)).
;
;
6.
Z,C3,R4 7,R80R C1.93:/N
(e)en*ant.
;
;
;
Ca<e No:11 CR 2217! 2/
(e't No: -u*ge 3o=ar*
;
; S.&&:0>0NT,: T1 Notice o) ,''eal,
; >otion to Vacate an* or Set ,<i*e, -CRC& 59,
; -CRC& !0, >otion )or Recon<i*eration5
>otion )or Recu<al5 >otion to Stri?e
S.&&:0>0NT,: T1 Notice o) ,''eal, >otion to Vacate an* or Set ,<i*e, -CRC& 59, -CRC& !0,
>otion )or Recon<i*eration5 >otion )or Recu<al
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Recon<i*eration5 >otion )or Recu<al5 >otion #or &u@lication 1) Tran<cri't at &u@lic 0$'en<e,
&etition )or /n #orAa &au'eri< Statu<
&1/NTS ,N( ,.T31R/T/0S
C,S0 ,&&0,: ST,T0>0NT
(e)en*ant+,''ellant, Zach Coughlin, here@B )ile< thi< Notice o) ,''eal, >otion to Vacate an*
or Set ,<i*e, -CRC& 59, -CRC& !0, >otion )or Recon<i*eration5 >otion )or Recu<al5 >otion #or
&u@lication 1) Tran<cri't at &u@lic 0$'en<e, &etition )or /n #orAa &au'eri< Statu<.
&1/NTS ,N( ,.T31R/T/0S
/ =aCR Rule !: Continuance< No continuance <hall @e grante*, inclu*ing a <ti'ulate* continuance,
e$ce't )or goo* cau<e. , Aotion or <ti'ulation )or continuance Au<t <tate the rea<on there)ore an*
=hether or not anB continuance ha< 're6iou<lB @een <ought or grante*.
R>CR Rule 9: ,''eal< to (i<trict Court 0$ce't a< other=i<e 'ro6i*e* in NRS 177.015 a
*e)en*ant in a criAinal action trie* @e)ore a >unici'al Court -u*ge AaB a''eal )roA the )inal
Du*gAent therein to the Secon* -u*icial (i<trict Court, at anB tiAe =ithin 10 *aB< )roA the *ate that
Du*gAent i< ren*ere*. The right to coun<el in trial court< =a< <igni)icantlB e$'an*e* in another ca<e =hen the Court,
in Argersinger v. Hamlin, e$ten*e* the right to coun<el to all Ai<*eAeanor <tate 'rocee*ing< =here there i< a 'otential
lo<< o) li@ertB. The *e)en*ant coul* ha6e )ace* u' to <i$ Aonth< in Dail )or thi< o))en<e un*er either <ai* co*e or <tatue.
/ *o not Aean to @e *i<re<'ect)ul in contacting the court 6ia eAail. / ha6e @een <o
<taA'e* out @B the e6ent< o) the la<t )e= Aonth< that it< all / can *o to trB to 'rotect
AB right< to get in)orAation an* Ae*ia to the court in AB atteA't< to acce<< Du<tice.
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Veronica :o'eE tol* Ae on the 'hone on >on*aB o) thi< =ee? that <he =oul* )a$ Ae a co'B o) the
1r*er an* ConteA't )in*ing )roA the 11 "0, 2011 Trial, Bet / ha6e not recei6e* anB <uch )a$. / ha6e
not recei6e* anB or*er in anB )orA, not on AB relea<e )roA the " *aB< <uAAarB incarceration, not
e6er. The R>C con)irAe* there ha< @een no Notice o) 0ntrB o) anB or*er in their *oc?et or anBthing,
etc.
The R>C an* Reno CitB ,ttorneB iA'ro'erlB a<<erte* Duri<i*ction o6er thi< Aatter. /t occurre* on
/n*ian lan*<. The RS/C o))icer< *i* not a<certain AB race. There e$i<t< a Fue<tion a< to =hether
Duri<*iction =a< 'ro'erlB a<<erte* @B the R>C. Reno CitB ,ttorneB =rote to Ae o) a''ro6ing o) a
continuance, onlB to @ac? out at Trial. 9oo* cau<e =a< <ho=n )or a continuance an* / <ho=e* u' to
the )ir<t trial *ate, / =a< not @rought into the court rooA. / *o not @elie6e, a< <uch, anB continuance
=a< e6er grante* 're6iou<lB. #urther, the R>C )aile* to @ring Ae into court on No6eA@er 1%
th
,
2011. (ue to court 'er<onnel re)u<ing to 'ro6i*e Ae a co'B o) the or*er or @e u' )ront =ith re<'ect
to <er6ice, thi< )iling i< Aore ha'haEar* than it =oul* other=i<e @e.
/ @elie6e the )ollo=ing <houl* @e a**e* to recor* an* 're<ent< a <trong arguAent )or a
con)lict o) intere<t or other !0G@; @a<i< )or <etting a<i*e the 6er*ict an* conteA't 1r*er
in R>C 11 CR 2217! 2/. / *i* not 'lea* guiltB in that ca<e, an* anB R>C recor* that
<ugge<t< that i< coA'letelB inaccurate. &lea<e let Ae ?no= i) Bour recor*< in*icate /
'lea* guiltB in that Aatter. #urther, / ha6e ne6er @een 'ro6i*e* a co'B o) the 9uiltB
Ver*ict+1r*er in thi< Aatter, / reFue<te* on to @e eAaile* to Ae an* <ent in the .S&S
Aail. &lea<e <er6e Ae a co'B o) the or*er, 're)era@lB @B eAail an* .S&S Aail.
#urther, the HR>CI< o))icial court tran<cri'tioni<tH in)orAe* Ae Be<ter*aB that <he
coul* not Fuote Ae or acce't an AoneB )roA Ae )or the tran<cri't on a''eal. #urther /
"
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ha6e @een tol* @B court <ta)) that / =oul* ne6er @e 'ro6i*e* acce<< to the au*io
recor*ing o) the Trial o) 11 "0, 2011. / @elie6e / ha6e a right to it, an* nee* it on an
e$igent @a<i< in connection =ith the 6ariou< Aotion< / ha6e, =ill, or inten* to to )ile
challenging the *eci<ion in thi< ca<e. The R>C )iling o))ice in)orAe* Ae there ha<
@een no Notice o) 0ntrB o) 1r*er in thi< Aatter at thi< 'oint.
The Reno CitB ,ttorneB ha< a 6e<te* intere<t in getting a con6iction in R>C 11 CR
2217! 2/ =ith re<'ect to antici'ate* litigation in connection =ith the =rong)ul arre<t
an* 'olice Ai<con*uct <ho=n in the 6i*eo< @elo=, a< <uch a NRC& !0G@; @a<i< e$i<t<
)or <etting a<i*e anB 6er*ict entere* in R>C 11 CR 2217! 2/:
/ a<? that all the 6i*eo< at the Boutu@e account lin?e* to @elo= @e a**e* to the recor*
an* con<i*ere*.htt':++Boutu.@e+5&R7F%1/5@0
htt':++===.Boutu@e.coA+u<er+anonBAou<'ri6acBJ)eatureK=atch
'ro<ecutorial Ai<con*uct G<uch a< the (.,. =ithhol*ing He$cul'atorBH e6i*ence that coul*L6e hel'e* AB *e)en<e;
Du*icial error< G<uch a< the Du*ge 'erAitting e6i*ence that <houl*L6e @een e$clu*e* or 6ice 6er<a;
erroneou< a''lication o) a la= or regulation iA'ro'er DurB in<truction<
ine))ecti6e a<<i<tance o) coun<el or other Aal'ractice the e6i*ence *i* not 'ro6e Bour guilt @eBon* a rea<ona@le *ou@t
/ =ent to the )iling o))ice at the R>C a cou'le tiAe< recentlB, inclu*ing to*aB, an* <ent in another =ritten reFue<t <ee?ing
an au*io ta'e o) the Trial in R>C 11 CR 2217! /C 110!27 RS/C @ut =a< tol* @B a Cler? that / =oul* nee* to 'aB )or
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the entire Trial to @e tran<cri@e*, an* onlB then =oul* / @e allo=e* to rea* it, an* that / =oul* not @e allo=e* to acce<<
the au*io o) the hearingJ /< thi< correctJ / nee* to ha6e the au*io o) the Trial to )ini<h AB Rule 59, !0, an* >otion )or
Recon<i*eration >otion<..../ =ill 'aB )or the au*io. / ha6e recei6e* AanB au*io c*+*6*I< )roA @oth Reno -u<tice Court
an* 2a<hoe (i<trict Court, an* it =a< announce* in court that the trial =a< @eing au*io recor*e*, a< <uch, / ho'e Bou =ill
a))or* Ae a co'B. To*aB, / calle* the R>C an* <'o?e =ith Veronica, =ho <oun*e* 6erB angrB =ith Ae an* *i<Ai<<i6e. /
=a< <uAAarilB <entence* to " *aB< in Dail at the en* o) the trial in thi< Aatter, e6en =here / ha* @een *enie* AB Si$th
,Aen*Aent Right To Coun<el, a)ter a ConteA't coAAitte* in the courtI< 're<ence )in*ing =a< announce*, in a**ition to
a guiltB 6er*ict in the un*erlBing action. Veronica in)orAe* Ae that <he =a< at the trial an* that the R>C ha* )aile* to
Aail Ae or other=i<e <er6e Ae =ith a co'B o) the =ritten 1r*er, either )or the guiltB con6iction in the un*erlBing ca<e or
the conteA't or*er. / =a< )orce* into han*cu))< <o Fuic?lB ater -u*ge 3o=ar* conclu*e* i<<uing hi< oral ruling that / =a<
not e6en a@le to <a6e AB note< on AB coA'uter, it =a< literallB a''arentlB that e$igent a <ituation to han*cu)) Ae....Then
a )e= >ar<hall< 'lace <oAe 'iece< o) 'a'er in )ront o) Ae an* *eAan*e* / <ign theA, an* @ecaAe angrB, li?e Veronica
an* li?e >ar<hall >onte, / @elie6e, =a< at the arraingAent, =hen / a<?e* a <iA'le Fue<tion relate* to *ue 'roce<<,
<oAething AanB at the R>C *o not <eeA all that enaAore* =ith. / a<?e* i) / coul* e6en rea* the 'a'er< theB =ere
*eAan*ing / <ign right then an* there. The curtlB an* lou*lB <ai* no, then *ragge* Ae a=aB @e)ore / coul* rea* the
'a'er<, Auch le<< <ign theA. Veronica <narle* at Ae that that =a< all the <er6ice o) the 1r*er o) ConteA't an* 9uiltB
Ver*ict that / =oul* get, @ut that <he Aight )a$ it to Ae, ho=e6er, no )a$ ha< arri6e*, *e<'ite AB illu<trating the
e$igencie< o) recei6ing the 1r*er in 're'aring AB Relie) #roA -u*gAent >otion<. Veronica continue to curtlB re)u<e to
'ro6i*e Ae anB co'B o) anB o) the 're6iou<lB )ile* 1r*er< o) the Court unle<< / 'ai* )or theA, *e<'ite AB a''arentlB not
ha6ing @een 'ro6i*e* a co'B o) <uch or*er< in the )ir<t 'lace. / ha6e no i*ea =hat tho<e 'a'er< =ere GtheB certainlB =ere
not in the 'ro'ertB gi6en to Ae u'on AB relea<e )roA Dail; an* ha6e recei6e* nothing in the Aail, *e<'ite u'*ating the
R>C =ith AB ne= a**re<< o): 817 N. Virginia St. #2, Reno NV 89501 an* )iling an o))icial Change o) ,**re<< =ith the
.S&S <hortlB a)ter / =a< <uAAarilB e6icte* G*e<'ite there @eing onlB a No Cau<e SuAAarB 06iction notice again<t AB
coAAercial lea<e, <oAething entirelB 'ro@i@ite* again<t un*er NRS %0.25". Not onlB =a< / *enie* AB Si$th ,Aen*Aent
Right to Coun<el =here Dail tiAe =a< a 'o<<i@ilitB Gan* =here, /, in )act =a< Daile*, iAAe*iatelB;. / =a< *enie* a
continuance in thi< Aatter *e<'ite a =ritten a<<ent to one @B Reno CitB ,ttorneB &aA Ro@ert< an* *e<'ite the )act that the
Reno CitB ,ttorneB =a< gi6en one @B AB <u''o<e* a''ointe* coun<el :e= Taitel G=hoA i< Ha<<ociate* =ithH
G htt':++===.ne6c<.coA+attorneB.htAl ; an entitB that / ha''en to @e <uing Ne6a*a Court Ser6ice<, inci*ent to the <aAe
e6iction 'rocee*ing )or =hich >r. Taitel *i* grant, an* the R>C *i* grant, a continuance in the other R>C ca<e again<t
Ae, the tre<'a<< action that =a< <et )or trial on (eceA@er 1"th, @ecau<e Richar* 9. 3ill, =ho / aA al<o <uing in
connection =ith the =rong)ul e6iction again<t, =a< going to @e on 6acation an* the R>C a''arentlB )oun* that a goo*
rea<on )or a continuance, coA'are* to the R>C )eeling AB @eing e6iction on or aroun* No6eA@er 1"th, then =rong)ullB
arre<te* in connection =ith the e6iction, un*er a tre<'a<< charge, an* incarcerate* )or a nuA@er o) *aB<, all =hile Richar*
3ill a''lie* an unla=)ul rent *i<traint u'on AanB e$cul'atorB Aaterial< that =oul* <'ea? to a <tate* an* e$'re<<
retaliatorB Aoti6e on the 'art o) 2alAart an* the RS/C, an* other e$cul'atorB Aaterial< @eing =rong)ullB =ithhel* un*er
an unla=)ul rent *i<traint @B Richar* 9. 3ill, 0<F., the <aAe 'er<on >r. Taitel, the Reno CitB ,ttorneB, an* the R>C
*eci*e* *e<er6e* <uch <anctitB a''lie* to hi< Aonthlong 6acation )roA Than?<gi6ing to Ne= 4earI< to grant a
continuance, =ith no in'ut )roA Ae.
#,/:.R0 T1 ,##1R( S/CT3 ,>0N(>0NT R/93T T1 C1.NS0: 1R 9R,NT (0>,N( #1R -.R4 TR/,:5
another (0>,N( #1R -.R4 TR/,: 30R074 >,(0 /N 0V0NT 1# N02 TR/,:, S/>/:,R:4 R0M.0ST #1R
/N #1R>, &,.&0R/S ST,T.S 30R074 >,(0 ,N( S.&&1RT0( 74 ,TT,C30( /#& &0T/T/1N
Cu<toA (ige<t 10 3ea*note<
Ru*in 6. State, 8! &."* 572
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110CC/ >otion< )or Ne= Trial
110?911 ?. (i<cretion o) court a< to ne= trial.
Ne6.,200%
Trial court e$erci<e< *i<cretion =hen con<i*ering a Aotion )or ne= trial.
>orten<en 6. State, 98! &.2* 1105
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Ne6.,1999
9rant or *enial o) a ne= trial @a<e* on ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence i< =ithin the *i<cretion o)
the trial court an* =ill not @e re6er<e* on a''eal a@<ent an a@u<e o) that *i<cretion.
Ri''o 6. State, 9%! &.2* 1017
Ne6.,1997
2hether to grant or *enB Aotion )or ne= trial i< =ithin trial courtI< *i<cretion.
(oAingue< 6. State, 917 &.2* 1"!%
Ne6.,199!
(eci<ion to grant or *enB Aotion )or ne= trial re<t< =ithin <oun* *i<cretion o) trial court an*
=ill not @e *i<tur@e* on a''eal a@<ent 'al'a@le a@u<e.
State 6. Carroll, 8!0 &.2* 179
Ne6.,199"
9enerallB, *i<trict court enDoB< *i<cretion in granting or *enBing Aotion< )or ne= trial<.
State 6. Soren<on, "15 &.2* 508
Ne6.,1957
The *i<cretion to <et a<i*e a Du*gAent or to grant a ne= trial, a)ter con6iction, on groun* o)
error =hich ha< re<ulte* in a Ai<carriage o) Du<tice or ha< actuallB 'reDu*ice* the *e)en*ant in
re<'ect to a <u@<tantial right, i< 6e<te* in the trial court a)ter it< e$aAination o) the entire ca<e.
N.R.S. 1!9.110.
State 6. Varga, 205 &.2* 80"
Ne6.,19%9
/n 'ro<ecution )or hoAici*e, *enial o) *e)en*antI< Aotion )or ne= trial =a< =ithin <oun* *i<cretion
o) the court an* =a< Du<ti)ie* in 6ie= o) the e6i*ence 'ro*uce* at the trial.
N.C.:.1929, N 110"2, a< aAen*e*.
State 6. St. Clair, 1! Ne6. 207
Ne6.,1881
The grant or re)u<al o) a ne= trial )or Ai<con*uct o) Duror< i< *i<cretionarB.
State 6. Salge, 2 Ne6. "21
Ne6.,18!!
>otion )or ne= trial i< a**re<<e* to trial courtI< <oun* *i<cretion.
Cu<toA (ige<t % 3ea*note<
Ri''o 6. State, 9%! &.2* 1017
!
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110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 91" 9roun*< )or Ne= Trial in 9eneral
110?91"G1; ?. /n general.
Ne6.,1997
CriAinal *e)en*antI< un<u''orte* allegation that he learne* a)ter trial that trial Du*ge ha* relation<hi'
=ith @u<ine<< 'artner o) 6ictiA *i* not <u''ort )in*ing that Du*ge a@u<e* hi< *i<cretion
in re)u<ing to *i<Fuali)B hiA<el)5 accor*inglB, *e)en*ant =a< not entitle* to ne= trial.
Co*e o) -u*.Con*uct, Canon " coAAent.
State 6. 2al?er, 857 &.2* 1
Ne6.,199"
.n*er Ne6a*a la= a< it e$i<te* 'rior to e))ecti6e *ate o) <tatute 'erAitting entrB o) Du*gAent
o) acFuittal i) e6i*ence i< in<u))icient to <u''ort con6iction, *i<trict Du*ge coul* grant ne= trial
)ollo=ing return o) guiltB 6er*ict =here he or <he *i<agree* =ith DurBI< re<olution o) con)licting
e6i*ence, @ut not =here there =a< in<u))icient e6i*ence to <u''ort guiltB 6er*ict.
N.R.S. 175."81 , 17!.515 5 ..S.C.,. Con<t.,Aen*. 5 .
3atten 6. State, %"5 &.2* %95
Ne6.,19!7
,''earance o) ne=<'a'er article a)ter *e)en*ant< )ile* Aotion )or ne= trial =herein Aention
=a< Aa*e o) *e)en*ant<I reFue<t to *i<charge their attorneB an* =herein it =a< re'orte* that
<heri)) ha* <ai* that he ha* not <een anB <ign< o) =ith*ra=al @B one *e)en*ant )roA narcotic<
or alcoholi<A *i* not entitle *e)en*ant< to ne= trial. N.R.S. 175.5"5.
Re)erence<
/NC1>&0T0NT &R/NC/&,:S, C1>&0T0NT T3/R( &,RT/0S, ,N( T30 :,2 1#
,90NC4 !1 /n*iana :a= -ournal 115 G198!;
Cu<toA (ige<t " 3ea*note<
:aneB 6. State, %!! &.2* !!!
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?915 ?. (e)ect< in in*ictAent or in)orAation a< groun* )or ne= trial.
Ne6.,1970
-u*gAent =ill not @e <et a<i*e or ne= trial grante* in criAinal ca<e unle<< accu<e* i< a@le to
7
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a))irAati6elB *eAon<trate that in)orAation i< <o in<u))icient that it re<ult< in Ai<carriage o)
Du<tice or actuallB 'reDu*ice< hiA in re<'ect to a <u@<tantial right. N.R.S. 17".075 .
9ar*en 6. State, "18 &.2* !52
Ne6.,1957
/n 'ro<ecution )or <tatutorB ra'e o) 12 Bear ol* girl, although e6i*ence )i$e* *ate o) criAe a<
>aB 21 rather than >aB 20 a< charge* in the in)orAation, 6ariance =a< not Aaterial an* =a<
not groun* )or ne= trial =here no atteA't ha* @een Aa*e to <ho= ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence.
9eorge 6. State, 127 &."* 1055
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 918 0rror< an* /rregularitie< in Con*uct o) Trial
110?918G1; ?. /n general.
Ne6.,200!
/n*igent *e)en*ant =a< entitle* to tran<cri't< o) trial )or 'ur'o<e< o) *irect a''eal )roA Aulti'le
con6iction< )or <e$ual a<<ault an* le=*ne<< =ith Ainor, an* there)ore, *e<truction o)
tran<cri't< an* trial e6i*ence @B State nece<<itate* ne= trial.
(oAingue< 6. State, 917 &.2* 1"!%
Ne6.,199!
Trial courtI< *enial o) *e)en*antI< Aotion )or ne= trial =hich =a< @a<e* on reAar?< Aa*e @B
*e)en*antI< girl)rien* *uring trial that *e)en*ant ha* elu*e* la= en)orceAent in the 'a<t *i*
not con<titute a@u<e o) *i<cretion5 <tateAent< =ere <'ontaneou<lB uttere* an* there =a< no @a*
)aith on 'art o) 'ro<ecution regar*ing their elicitation, an* a*Ai<<ion o) <tateAent< =a< harAle<<
@eBon* rea<ona@le *ou@t in light o) other a*Ai<<i@le e6i*ence that *e)en*ant ha* <e6eral
're6iou< encounter< =ith la= en)orceAent o))icial<.
:o'eE 6. State, 7!9 &.2* 127!
Ne6.,1989
,@<ence o) trial tran<cri't )or one *aB o) trial *ue to Aal)ea<ance o) court re'orter *i* not
=arrant ne= trial =here te<tiAonB o) <i$ =itne<<e< =ho te<ti)ie* that *aB =a< recon<tructe*
through coA@ination o) note< ta?en @B t=o <tate trial coun<el an* =a< acce'te* @B trial court
a< )air re're<entation o) =itne<<e/N,: :,2
110?918G2; ?. /rregularitie< a))ecting =itne<<e<.
Ne6.,2009
, non0ngli<h<'ea?ing *e)en*ant =ho *i<co6er< inter'reter inaccuracie< in the tran<lation o)
trial te<tiAonB AaB )ile a 'o<ttrial Aotion to challenge the allege* inaccuracie< Aa*e @B the
courta''ointe* inter'reter5 i) there i< a challenge to the inter'reterI< tran<lation o) the trial
te<tiAonB, the challenging 'artB <houl* either Ao6e )or a ne= trial, i) the tran<lation inaccuracie<
are *i<co6ere* =ithin the a''lica@le tiAe )raAe, or, in the alternati6e, Ao6e to Ao*i)B
or correct the trial recor* on a''eal. 2e<tI< NRS, 17!.515 5 Rule< ,''.&roc., Rule 10Gc; .
Ne6.,2009
,< )ir<t o) three <te'< in6ol6e* on a non0ngli<h<'ea?ing *e)en*antI< Aotion )or ne= trial
@a<e* on allege* inaccuracie< o) hi< tran<late* trial te<tiAonB, each 'artB <houl* ha6e it< o=n
inter'reter re6ie= the tran<late* te<tiAonB )or *i<cre'ancie<5 i) *i<cre'ancie< e$i<t, the *e)en*ant
ha< the @ur*en o) *eAon<trating the inaccuracB o) the tran<late* te<tiAonB an* that it
)un*aAentallB altere* the <u@<tance o) hi< actual te<tiAonB. 2e<tI< NRS, 17!.515 .
Ne6.,2009
,< <econ* o) three <te'< in6ol6e* on a non0ngli<h<'ea?ing *e)en*antI< Aotion )or ne= trial
@a<e* on allege* inaccuracie< o) hi< tran<late* trial te<tiAonB, the *i<trict court <houl* a''oint
an in*e'en*ent an*, i) a6aila@le, certi)ie* court inter'reter to re6ie= the tran<lation<5 to *eterAine
=hether the *e)en*ant ha< Aet hi< @ur*en o) *eAon<trating the inaccuracB o) the
tran<late* te<tiAonB, the *i<trict court Au<t con<i*er the *i<'ute* 6er<ion< o) the te<tiAonB to
*eterAine =hether the allege* inaccuracie< or oAi<<ion< )un*aAentallB altere* the conte$t o)
the *e)en*antI< te<tiAonB an* =hether the inaccuracie< 'reDu*ice* the *e)en*ant <uch that a
ne= trial i< =arrante*. 2e<tI< NRS, 17!.515 .
Re)erence<
Con*ition inter)ering =ith accu<e*I< 6ie= o) =itne<< a< 6iolation o) right o) con)rontation 19
,Aerican :a= Re'ort< %th 128! G198";
9
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2al?er 6. State, 59% &.2* 710
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?918G"; ?. SuAAoning, iA'aneling, an* oath o) DurB.
Ne6.,1979
(eterAination o) =hat re<ult <houl* )ollo= )ailure o) a Duror to an<=er )ullB a Fue<tion touching
u'on hi< Fuali)ication< turn< u'on =hether he =a< guiltB o) an intentional concealAent.
8inna 6. State, %%7 &.2* "2
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?918G5; ?. ReAar?< @B Du*ge.
Ne6.,19!8
3ara<<Aent o) coun<el, 'reDu*icial to hi< client, AaB reFuire ne= trial.
Re)erence<
9e<ture<, )acial e$'re<<ion<, or other non6er@al coAAunication o) trial Du*ge in criAinal ca<e
a< groun* )or relie) %5 ,Aerican :a= Re'ort< 5th 5"1 G1997;
State 6. 3artleB, %0 &. "72
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?918G9; ?. ,@<ence o) *e)en*ant or coun<el.
Ne6.,1895
2here the court 'erAit< the DurB, on reFue<t o) *e)en*ant, to 6ie= the 'reAi<e< =here the
hoAici*e i< allege* to ha6e occurre*, the a@<ence o) *e)en*ant *uring the 6ie= @B the DurB i<
no groun* )or ne= trial, i) *e)en*ant Aa*e no reFue<t to @e 're<ent.
10 S.&&:0>0NT,: T1 Notice o) ,''eal, >otion to Vacate an* or Set ,<i*e, -CRC& 59, -CRC& !0,
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26
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28
Stee<e 6. State, 9!0 &.2* "21
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 919 >i<con*uct o) Coun<el )or &ro<ecution
110?919G1; ?. /n general.
Ne6.,1998
ReFuireAent that ne= trial @e grante* =hen =itne<< intiAi*ation @B a 'ro<ecutor re<ult< in a
*enial o) the *e)en*antI< *ue 'roce<< right to a )air trial a''lie< =ith eFual )orce to ca<e<
=here a 'ro<ecutor atteA't< to *i<<ua*e a =itne<< )roA te<ti)Bing @B Ai<re're<enting the )act<
o) the ca<e. ..S.C.,. Con<t.,Aen*. 1% .
Roe6er 6. State, 901 &.2* 1%5
Ne6.,1995
3a6ing )oun* *i<co6erB 6iolation< @B <tate, trial court =a< reFuire* to *eterAine =hether
<tateI< )ailure to 'ro6i*e or a*6i<e *e)en*ant a< to e$i<tence o) co'ie< or tran<cri't< o) ta'e recor*e*
con6er<ation< =ith *e)en*ant that it ha* in it< 'o<<e<<ion an* that =ere 'otentiallB e$cul'atorB
'reDu*ice* *e)en*antI< right to )air trial on )ir<t*egree Aur*er an* AariDuana 'o<<e<<ion
charge<, <o a< to reFuire ne= trial.
3anleB 6. Sheri)) o) Clar? CountB, %!0 &.2* 1!2
Ne6.,19!9
/n<truction @B 'ro<ecutor to hi< =itne<< to =ithhol* <igni)icant e6i*ence )a6ora@le to accu<e*
reFuire< <etting a<i*e o) 6er*ict.
State 6. Carroll, 8!0 &.2* 179
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?919G2; ?. /n e$aAination o) =itne<<e<.
Ne6.,199"
,lthough 'ro<ecutorI< re)erence< to *e)en*antI< incu<to*B <tatu< *uring 'ro<ecutorI<
cro<<e$aAination
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o) *e)en<e =itne<<e< =ere =hollB ina''ro'riate, e<'eciallB in light o) *i<trict
courtI< grant o) Aotion in liAine or*ering <tate not to re)er to *e)en*antI< 'retrial incarceration,
trial court a@u<e* it< *i<cretion in granting ne= trial to *e)en*ant, con6icte* o) le=*ne<<
=ith a Ainor, <ince e6i*ence o) *e)en*antI< guilt =a< o6er=helAing5 chil* *i* not =ai6er
)roA her allegation< *uring *irect or cro<<e$aAination, *e)en*ant ha* <'ent <e6eral Bear< in
'ri<on )or Aole<ting <e6enBearol* girl, *e)en*ant a*Aitte*, *uring 'olice inter6ie=, that he
=atche* nine an* tenBearol* girl< @ecau<e he )oun* theA <e$uallB attracti6e, an* *e)en*antI<
)orAer co=or?er te<ti)ie* that *e)en*ant coAAente* a@out <e$ual attracti6ene<< o) Boung
girl<.
Re)erence<
&reDu*icial e))ect o) <tateAent @B 'ro<ecutor that 6er*ict, recoAAen*ation o) 'uni<hAent, or
other )in*ing @B DurB i< <u@Dect to re6ie= or correction @B other authoritie< 10 ,Aerican :a=
Re'ort< 5th 700 G199";
State 6. 9reen, %00 &.2* 7!!
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?919G"; ?. /n arguAent in general.
Ne6.,19!5
StateAent o) 'ro<ecutor to DurB that theB Aight in)er guilt o) ro@@erB )roA )act that *e)en*ant
ha* O95, a@out onehal) o) 'rocee*< o) ro@@erB, in hi< 'o<<e<<ion iAAe*iatelB a)ter criAe *i*
not =arrant ne= trial.
State 6. 9reen, %00 &.2* 7!!
Ne6.,19!5
,rguAent o) *i<trict attorneB that te<tiAonB o) <tateI< =itne<<e< ha* not @een contra*icte* =a<
not groun* )or ne= trial a< aAounting to <tateAent that *e)en*ant coul* ha6e @rought in =itne<<e<
@ut *i* not.
State 6. 1rr, 122 &. 7"
Ne6.,1912
The reAar?< o) a *i<trict attorneB in hi< arguAent that *e)en*ant li6e* =ith a 'ro<titute, =hen
not Du<ti)ie* @B the e6i*ence, hel* groun* )or a ne= trial.
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Re)erence<
Re'ort< 5th 700 G199";
State 6. -u?ich, 2%2 &. 590
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?920 ?. /ncoA'etencB or neglect o) coun<el )or *e)en<e.
Ne6.,192!
Ne= trial <houl* not @e grante* )or incoA'etencB or neglect o) accu<e*I< coun<el, unle<< accu<e*
i< 'reDu*ice* an* *e'ri6e* o) )air trial.
Re)erence<
>o*ern <tatu< o) rule a< to te<t in )e*eral court o) e))ecti6e re're<entation @B coun<el 2!
,Aerican :a= Re'ort<, #e*eral 218 G197!;
>o*ern <tatu< o) rule< an* <tan*ar*< in <tate court< a< to a*eFuacB o) *e)en<e coun<elI<
re're<entation
o) criAinal client 2 ,Aerican :a= Re'ort< %th 27 G1980;
3ar6eB 6. State, "75 &.2* 225
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 922 /n<truction< an* #ailure or Re)u<al to /n<truct
110?922G7; ?. 1@Dection< an* e$ce'tion< at trial.
Ne6.,19!2
Ne= trial i< =arrante* i) DurB i< Ai<le* @B con)licting in<truction<.
>eBer 6. State, 80 &."* %%7
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
1" S.&&:0>0NT,: T1 Notice o) ,''eal, >otion to Vacate an* or Set ,<i*e, -CRC& 59, -CRC& !0,
00187
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28
110 92" CoA'etencB o) -uror< an* Challenge<
110?92"G2; ?. &re6iou< o'inion, 'reDu*ice, or *eclaration.
Ne6.,200"
-uror< =ho )ail to *i<clo<e in)orAation or gi6e )al<e in)orAation *uring 6oir *ire coAAit Duror
Ai<con*uct, =hich, i) *i<co6ere* a)ter the 6er*ict, AaB @e groun*< )or a ne= trial un*er the
<tan*ar*< e<ta@li<he* )or Duror Ai<con*uct.
0cha6arria 6. State, 8"9 &.2* 589
Ne6.,1992
#in*ing that Duror ha* not intentionallB conceale* hi< 'rior in6ol6eAent a< 6ictiA o) a<<ault
=a< not a@u<e o) *i<cretion, <o that *e)en*ant =a< not entitle* to ne= trial on groun* o) Duror
Ai<con*uct, =here Duror in*icate* that he con<i*ere* 'rior inci*ent, not a< a<<ault, @ut a< )ight
@et=een hiA<el) an* other 'artici'ant<.
3all 6. State, 51" &.2* 12%%
Ne6.,197"
That hoAe o) one o) Duror< =a< @urglariEe* *uring )ir<t *aB o) trial o) @urglarB ca<e an* that
<uch )act ha* @een coAAunicate* to another Duror *i* not entitle accu<e* to ne= trial, a@<ent
<ho=ing o) 'reDu*ice on 'art o) anB Duror. N.R.S. 1!.050 , 1!.050 , <u@*. 1Gg;, 1!.0!0,
175.071, 175.121, <u@*. %.
State 6. >ar?<, 15 Ne6. ""
Ne6.,1880
/t i< no groun* )or a ne= trial that, a)ter a 6er*ict o) guiltB, the accu<e* a<certain< that a Duror,
@e)ore the iA'aneling, ha* )orAe* an* e$'re<<e* an o'inion o) guilt.
State 6. 3ar6eB, 1%8 &.2* 820
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 92" CoA'etencB o) -uror< an* Challenge<
110?92"G9; ?. Nece<<itB o) o@Dection< at trial.
Ne6.,19%%
1@Dection to coA'etencB o) a Duror cannot @e ta?en @B accu<e* )or )ir<t tiAe a)ter 6er*ict an*
relie* u'on a< groun* o) Aotion )or ne= trial. CoA'.:a=<, NN 109%0, 110"2.
State 6. 3ar6eB, 1%8 &.2* 820
1% S.&&:0>0NT,: T1 Notice o) ,''eal, >otion to Vacate an* or Set ,<i*e, -CRC& 59, -CRC& !0,
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28
Ne6.,19%%
2here accu<e* )or )ir<t tiAe in hi< Aotion )or ne= trial challenge* Duror @ecau<e o) 're6iou<
con6iction o) )elonB, Aotion )or ne= trial =a< 'ro'erlB *enie*, <ince challenge =a< not tiAelB
Aa*e, not=ith<tan*ing that <uch )act =a< not ?no=n to accu<e* until a)ter 6er*ict, =here Duror
*i* not en*ea6or to conceal *i<Fuali)ication. CoA'.:a=<, NN 109%0, 110"2.
State 6. ,n*er<on, % Ne6. 2!5
Ne6.,18!8
/) *e)en*ant acce't< a Duror =ithout o@Dection, =hoA he ?no=< or Aight ha6e ?no=n to ha6e
)orAe* an* e$'re<<e* an unFuali)ie* o'inion a< to hi< guilt, he cannot, a)ter 6er*ict, rai<e an
o@Dection on that account.
Zana 6. State, 21! &."* 2%%
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 92% >i<con*uct o) or ,))ecting -uror<
110 925 /n 9eneral
110?925G1; ?. /n general.
Ne6.,2009
To Du<ti)B a ne= trial on the groun* o) Duror Ai<con*uct, a *e)en*ant Au<t, through a*Ai<<i@le
e6i*ence, *eAon<trate the nature o) the Duror Ai<con*uct an* that there i< a rea<ona@le 'ro@a@ilitB
that it a))ecte* the 6er*ict.
Val*eE 6. State, 19! &."* %!5
Ne6.,2008
, ne= trial Au<t @e grante* *ue to intrin<ic Duror Ai<con*uct unle<< it a''ear<, @eBon* a rea<ona@le
*ou@t, that no 'reDu*ice ha< re<ulte* )roA the DurB Ai<con*uct.
>eBer 6. State, 80 &."* %%7
Ne6.,200"
Not e6erB inci*ence o) Duror Ai<con*uct reFuire< the granting o) a Aotion )or a ne= trial,
<ince each ca<e turn< on it< o=n )act<, an* on the *egree an* 'er6a<i6ene<< o) the 'reDu*icial
in)luence 'o<<i@lB re<ulting.
>eBer 6. State, 80 &."* %%7
Ne6.,200"
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28
1nce a *e)en*ant ha< e<ta@li<he* occurrence o) Duror Ai<con*uct an* a <ho=ing that the Ai<con*uct
=a< 'reDu*icial, the trial court <houl* grant a Aotion )or ne= trial5 'reDu*ice i< <ho=n
=hene6er there i< a rea<ona@le 'ro@a@ilitB or li?elihoo* that the Duror Ai<con*uct a))ecte* the
6er*ict.
>eBer 6. State, 80 &."* %%7
Ne6.,200"
The )actor< u<e* to *eterAine =hether there i< a rea<ona@le 'ro@a@ilitB that Duror Ai<con*uct
a))ecte* a 6er*ict are in<tructi6e onlB an* not *i<'o<iti6e.
>eBer 6. State, 80 &."* %%7
Ne6.,200"
The *i<trict court, )or 'ur'o<e< o) a claiA o) Duror Ai<con*uct, Au<t *eterAine =hether the
a6erage, hB'othetical Duror =oul* @e in)luence* @B the Duror Ai<con*uct.
3ernan*eE 6. State, 50 &."* 1100
Ne6.,2002
Not e6erB inci*ence o) Duror Ai<con*uct reFuire< a ne= trial5 i) it a''ear< @eBon* a rea<ona@le
*ou@t that no 'reDu*ice occurre*, a ne= trial i< unnece<<arB.
Tan?<leB 6. State, 9%! &.2* 1%8
Ne6.,1997
Not e6erB inci*ence o) Duror Ai<con*uct reFuire< grant o) ne= trial5 ne= trial nee* not @e
grante* i) it a''ear< @eBon* rea<ona@le *ou@t that no 'reDu*ice occurre*.
2hite 6. State, 92! &.2* 291
Ne6.,199!
ReAar?< re'orte*lB Aa*e @B Duror *uring 'enaltB *eli@eration<, li?ening *e)en*ant to a
Pgorilla, a @a@oon, a nati6e tri@e<Aan,Q *i* not reFuire that DurBI< 6er*ict in guilt 'ha<e @e <et
a<i*e.
Roe6er 6. State, 901 &.2* 1%5
Ne6.,1995
Not e6erB inci*ence o) contact @et=een Duror< an* =itne<<e< reFuire< granting o) Aotion )or
ne= trial.
:ane 6. State, 881 &.2* 1"58
Ne6.,199%
Not e6erB inci*ence o) DurB Ai<con*uct reFuire< granting o) Aotion )or ne= trial.
:ane 6. State, 881 &.2* 1"58
1! S.&&:0>0NT,: T1 Notice o) ,''eal, >otion to Vacate an* or Set ,<i*e, -CRC& 59, -CRC& !0,
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Ne6.,199%
Ne= trial on groun* o) Duror Ai<con*uct Au<t @e grante* unle<< it a''ear< @eBon* rea<ona@le
*ou@t that no 'reDu*ice ha< re<ulte* an* it i< )or trial court to *eterAine in the )ir<t in<tance
=hether Duror Ai<con*uct ha< re<ulte* in 'reDu*ice to litigant an* it< Du*gAent thereon =ill
not @e o6erturne* unle<< a@u<e o) *i<cretion i< Aani)e<t.
:o'eE 6. State, 7!9 &.2* 127!
Ne6.,1989
#ailure o) Duror< in 'ro<ecution )or Aur*er @B torture o) )ourBearol* <te'*aughter to *i<clo<e
on 6oir *ire that theB ha* @een a@u<e* a< chil*ren *i* not con<titute Ai<con*uct =arranting
ne= trial =here there =a< no intentional concealAent, *e<'ite contention that Duror< =oul* not
acce't a< correct *e)en<e theorB that chil*I< Aother, a< a@u<e* chil* her<el), @ecaAe a@u<er o)
the 6ictiA.
3ui 6. State, 7"8 &.2* 892
Ne6.,1987
Not e6erB in<tance o) Duror Ai<con*uct reFuire< granting Aotion )or ne= trial o) criAinal
charge<.
State 6. Thac?er, 59! &.2* 508
Ne6.,1979
, Aotion )or ne= trial AaB @e 'reAi<e* on Duror Ai<con*uct =here <uch Ai<con*uct i< rea*ilB
a<certaina@le )roA o@Decti6e )act< an* o6ert con*uct =ithout regar* to the <tate o) Ain*
an* Aental 'roce<<e< o) anB Duror.
7ar?er 6. State, 59% &.2* 719
Ne6.,1979
Not e6erB inci*ent o) DurB Ai<con*uct reFuire< granting o) a Aotion )or ne= trial.
:e=i< 6. State, 588 &.2* 5%1
Ne6.,1978
(e)en*ant< =ere not entitle* to a ne= trial @ecau<e three Duror< *i<cu<<e* the te<tiAonB an*
e6i*ence a**uce* at trial @e)ore the ca<e ha* @een <u@Aitte* to theA )or *eli@eration, =here
the three Duror<, at hearing on ne= trial Aotion, te<ti)ie* that hi< or her *eci<ion =a< @a<e*
<olelB on the e6i*ence 're<ente* at trial, an* =here the recor* )aile* to in*icate that a *i<cu<<ion
either a))ecte* the Duror<I *eli@eration< or other=i<e 'reDu*ice* *e)en*ant<I right to a )air
trial.
&ar<on< 6. State, "29 &.2* 1070
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Ne6.,1958
/n Aur*er 'ro<ecution, =here no o@Dection =a< Aa*e *uring trial an* DurB =a< *ulB cautione*
@B court not to <e'arate, nor to allo= anB 'er<on to tal? to theA a@out ca<e, )act that *e'utB
<heri)) ha* not @een a*Aini<tere* o))icial oath )or hi< care o) DurB *uring a*DournAent )or
Aeal<, or until night ca<e =a< coAAitte* to DurB, *i* not o@ligate court to <et a<i*e 6er*ict an*
grant ne= trial a< Aatter o) la=.
>urraB 6. State, 2009 2: "190"!!
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 925 5 Con<i*ering >atter< Not in 06i*ence
110?925.5G1; ?. /n general.
Ne6.,2009
(e)en*ant =a< not entitle* to ne= trial in 'ro<ecution )or atteA'te* Aur*er =ith the u<e o) a
*ea*lB =ea'on an* *i<charging a =ea'on at a 6ehicle @a<e* on allege* DurB Ai<con*uct5 DurorI<
uniFue 'ur'orte* ?no=le*ge, a< to )act that inci*ent =a< allege*lB gang relate* e6ent, *i*
not con<titute Duror Ai<con*uct.
Ro=@ottoA 6. State, 779 &.2* 9"%
Ne6.,1989
-uror Ai<con*uct in )ir<t*egree Aur*er trial, in =hich Duror con*ucte* in*e'en*ent in6e<tigation
to *eterAine =hether 6ictiA coul* ha6e e$ite* 6ehicle =ith her han*< @oun* a< *e)en*ant
claiAe*, Aea<ure* *ri6ing tiAe< @et=een 6ariou< location< to *eterAine =hether *e)en*ant at
one 'oint coul* ha6e returne* to hi< a'artAent, 6i<ite* Aur*er <cene an* coA'are* gra6el
there =ith that *e'icte* in 'icture< o) 6ictiAI< @o*B, an* engage* in coAAunication =ith 6ictiAI<
'arent<, =a< 'reDu*icial error =hich entitle* *e)en*ant to ne= trial, e6en though Duror allege*lB
*i* not <hare her )in*ing< =ith other Duror< until 'enaltB 'ha<e o) trial.
Ro=@ottoA 6. State, 779 &.2* 9"%
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
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110?925.5G2; ?. Vi<iting or 6ie=ing 'lace o) criAe.
Ne6.,1989
-uror Ai<con*uct in )ir<t*egree Aur*er trial, in =hich Duror con*ucte* in*e'en*ent in6e<tigation
to *eterAine =hether 6ictiA coul* ha6e e$ite* 6ehicle =ith her han*< @oun* a< *e)en*ant
claiAe*, Aea<ure* *ri6ing tiAe< @et=een 6ariou< location< to *eterAine =hether *e)en*ant at
one 'oint coul* ha6e returne* to hi< a'artAent, 6i<ite* Aur*er <cene an* coA'are* gra6el
there =ith that *e'icte* in 'icture< o) 6ictiAI< @o*B, an* engage* in coAAunication =ith 6ictiAI<
'arent<, =a< 'reDu*icial error =hich entitle* *e)en*ant to ne= trial, e6en though Duror allege*lB
*i* not <hare her )in*ing< =ith other Duror< until 'enaltB 'ha<e o) trial.
&en*leton 6. State, 7"% &.2* !9"
Ne6.,1987
-urorI< act o) 6i<iting acci*ent <cene <oAe 17 Aonth< a)ter acci*ent, an* relating her o@<er6ation<
that *e)en*antI< theorB, that rough roa* an* 'oor con*ition< o) truc? =oul* ha6e re<ulte*
in acci*ent regar*le<< o) =hether *e)en*ant =a< *rin?ing, =a< un@elie6a@le, con<titute* Duror
Ai<con*uct, ina<Auch a< Duror e<<entiallB @ecaAe =itne<< )or 'ro<ecution not <u@Dect to
cro<<e$aAination
regar*ing =eather an* roa* con*ition<, an* thu< ne= trial )or *e)en*ant con6icte*
o) )elonB *ri6ing =hile un*er in)luence =a< =arrante*.
7u<hnell 6. State, 599 &.2* 10"8
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?925.5G"; ?. StateAent< @B Duror< *uring *eli@eration.
Ne6.,1979
2here, *uring *eli@eration< an* in re<'on<e to Duror<I Fue<tion<, Du*ge <ent note to )oreAan
e$'laining that DurB =a< con)ine* to recor* an* in<truction< gi6en an* that it =oul* @e iA'ro'er
)or court to a*6i<e Duror< on Aatter< o) e6i*ence or te<tiAonB, i), a< allege*, the )oreAan
rea* note <ilentlB an* then in)orAe* other Duror< that Du*geI< an<=er =a< that, i) *e)en*ant
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=a< 're<ent *uring ro@@erB, he <houl* @e con6icte*, *e)en*ant =oul* @e entitle* to ne=
trial, unle<< it a''eare* @eBon* rea<ona@le *ou@t that no 'reDu*ice re<ulte*. N.R.S. %8.025 ,
50.0!5 , <u@*. 2.
2al?er 6. State, 59% &.2* 710
Ne6.,1979
(enBing Aotion )or ne= trial @a<e* on Duror Ai<con*uct =a< not error, not=ith<tan*ing that
Duror reAar?e* *uring *eli@eration< that he ha* @een in6ol6e* in a <ituation =here ro@@er< ha*
or*ere* hiA to lie on )loor, =here Duror ha* not intentionallB conceale* a Aaterial )act relating
to hi< Fuali)ication<, @ut ha* gi6en truth)ul re<'on<e< on 6oir *ire, an* =here <tateAent attri@ute*
to Duror *uring *eli@eration< *i* not iA'ro'erlB in)luence DurB or taint it< 6er*ict.
Sollar< 6. State, "19 &.2* 1"9
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?925.5G%; ?. ,cce<< to or rea*ing ne=<'a'er<.
Ne6.,1957
/n Aur*er 'ro<ecution, =here 'reDu*ice re<ulte* )roA the action o) the trial court u'on the
groun* o) 'reDu*icial ne=<'a'er co6erage at the trial, it =a< a 'ro'er <u@Dect o) Aotion )or
ne= trial, an* a Aotion )or Ai<trial =a< not a nece<<arB 'rereFui<ite.
State 6. ,n*er<on, % Ne6. 2!5
Ne6.,18!8
(uring the 'rogre<< o) a Aur*er trial, an* =hile the court ha* ta?en a rece<<, the DurB =ere in
the court hou<e in charge o) the <heri)), an* one o) the DurBAen, <tan*ing near a =in*o=, <a=
a ne=<'a'er in the han*< o) a 'er<on near the =in*o= on the out<i*e o) the court hou<e, an*
a<?e* hiA )or it. The 'artB a**re<<e* han*e* u' the 'a'er to the Duror <aBing no Aore than
P4ou are =elcoAe.Q The Duror glance* o6er the 'a'er an* then han*e* it @ac?. 3el*, that thi<
=a< not <uch Ai<con*uct in the Duror a< =oul* entitle *e)en*ant to a ne= trial.
State 6. -one<, 7 Ne6. %08
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110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?92! ?. .<e o) into$icating liFuor<.
Ne6.,1872
The u<e o) into$icating liFuor< @B the DurB, or a Duror, i< not groun* )or a ne= trial, in the a@<ence
o) anB <ho=ing that inDuriou< con<eFuence< re<ulte* there)roA.
State 6. -one<, 7 Ne6. %08
Ne6.,1872
, Du*ge at ni<i 'riu< <houl* ne6er he<itate to <et a<i*e a 6er*ict, in a criAinal ca<e, =here
there i< e6en a <u<'icion that anB Duror =a< in the lea<t a))ecte* @B into$icating liFuor *uring
the 'rogre<< o) the trial or the *eli@eration u'on the 6er*ict.
&ar<on< 6. State, "29 &.2* 1070
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 927 Se'aration
110?927G1; ?. /n general.
Ne6.,1958
2here <tate e<ta@li<he* that there =a< no taA'ering =ith or Ai<con*uct on 'art o) Duror, <e'aration
o) Duror< *uring Aur*er trial =a< not <u))icient groun* )or ne= trial.
Sollar< 6. State, "19 &.2* 1"9
Ne6.,1957
#act o) coAAunication to a DurB =hich ha< @een 'erAitte* to <e'arate <houl* @e @rought to the
attention o) the trial court through a''ro'riate Aotion )or relie).
State 6. 3arri<, 12 Ne6. %1%
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
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110 927 Se'aration
110?927G2; ?. Se'aration a)ter <u@Ai<<ion o) ca<e.
Ne6.,1877
The Aere )act that a Duror =a< teA'orarilB <e'arate* )roA the DurB *uring their *eli@eration< i<
not groun* )or a ne= trial i) *e)en*ant coul* not ha6e @een 'reDu*ice* there@B.
&ar<on< 6. State, "29 &.2* 1070
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 927 Se'aration
110?927G5; ?. &re<uA'tion< an* @ur*en o) 'roo) a< to e))ect o) <e'aration.
Ne6.,1958
/) DurB in Aur*er ca<e i< allo=e* to <e'arate un*er con*ition< in*icating 'o<<i@ilitB o) iA'ro'er
coAAunication, @ur*en i< u'on <tate to <ho= that <uch <e'aration =a< not 'reDu*icial.
Sollar< 6. State, "19 &.2* 1"9
Ne6.,1957
No 'reDu*ice coul* re<ult or @e 're<uAe* )roA <e'aration o) DurB in a Aur*er 'ro<ecution in
the a@<ence o) a coAAunication.
Roe6er 6. State, 901 &.2* 1%5
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?928 ?. CoAAunication< @B or =ith Duror<.
Ne6.,1995
Ne= trial =a< reFuire* on )ir<t*egree Aur*er an* AariDuana 'o<<e<<ion charge< a< re<ult o)
contact @et=een Duror< an* 'ro<ecution =itne<<, in light o) *i<trict courtI< )in*ing that it coul*
not @e <ai* =ith anB *egree o) certaintB that contact< ha* no e))ect on 6er*ict<.
Roe6er 6. State, 901 &.2* 1%5
Ne6.,1995
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Ne= trial Au<t @e grante* @a<e* u'on contact @et=een Duror< an* =itne<<e<, unle<< it a''ear<,
@eBon* rea<ona@le *ou@t, that no 'reDu*ice ha< re<ulte*.
Roe6er 6. State, 901 &.2* 1%5
Ne6.,1995
/n *eterAining =hether contact @et=een Duror< an* =itne<<e< =arrant< ne= trial, the trial court
*eterAine< =hether litigant ha< @een 'reDu*ice*, an* it< Du*gAent =ill not @e o6erturne* unle<<
a@u<e o) *i<cretion i< Aani)e<t.
Re)erence<
StrangerI< allege* coAAunication< =ith Duror, other than threat o) 6iolence, a< 'reDu*icial in
)e*eral criAinal 'ro<ecution 1"1 ,Aerican :a= Re'ort<, #e*eral %!5 G199!;
Threat< o) 6iolence again<t Duror in criAinal trial a< groun* )or Ai<trial or *i<Ai<<al o) Duror "
,Aerican :a= Re'ort< 5th 9!" G1992;
State 6. :ar?in, 11 Ne6. "1%
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?9"0 ?. >i<con*uct o) @B<tan*er<.
Ne6.,187!
That the au*ience in the court rooA once coAAence* to a''lau* the *i<trict attorneB, =hich
the 're<i*ing Du*ge 'roA'tlB <u''re<<e*, i< not a groun* )or re6er<ing a con6iction, no 'reDu*ice
@eing <ho=n.
Sollar< 6. State, "19 &.2* 1"9
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?9"1 ?. Nece<<itB o) o@Dection at trial.
Ne6.,1957
/n Aur*er 'ro<ecution, =here 'reDu*ice re<ulte* )roA the action o) the trial court u'on the
groun* o) 'reDu*icial ne=<'a'er co6erage at the trial, it =a< a 'ro'er <u@Dect o) Aotion )or
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ne= trial, an* a Aotion )or Ai<trial =a< not a nece<<arB 'rereFui<ite.
-one< 6. State, 2010 2: %51%"!"
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?9"2 ?. 0))ect a< to re<ult.
Ne6.,2010
(e)en*ant con6icte* o) @urglarB =a< not entitle* to ne= trial a)ter allege*lB *i<co6ering DurorI<
6ote to con6ict =a< in)luence* @B o6erhearing 'olice o))icer re)er to *e)en*antI< criAinal
hi<torB, =here there =a< o6er=helAing e6i*ence o) *e)en*antI< guilt, an* *e)en*ant )aile* to
*eAon<trate that Duror in Fue<tion =a< actuallB e$'o<e* to 'reDu*icial e$trin<ic e6i*ence.
2e<tI< NRS, 17!.515 .
State 6. 9reen, %00 &.2* 7!!
Ne6.,19!5
StateAent o) uni*enti)ie* Duror, a)ter ren*ition o) 6er*ict an* *i<Ai<<al o) DurB, that Pthe *irtB
nigger got =hat he *e<er6e*Q =a< not PAi<con*uct o) DurBQPten*ing to 're6ent )air an* *ue
con<i*eration o) ca<eQ =ithin <tatute 'ro6i*ing )or ne= trial< in criAinal ca<e<. N.R.S.
175.5"5, <u@*. ".See 'u@lication 2or*< an* &hra<e< )or other Du*icial con<truction< an* *e)inition<.
3argro6e 6. State, !8! &.2* 222
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?9"" ?. /rregularitie< or *e)ect< in 6er*ict a< groun* )or ne= trial.
Ne6.,198%
, *e)en*ant =ho<e guilt i< 're*icate* u'on a 6er*ict AaB rai<e a 'o<tcon6iction challenge to
the 6er*ictI< 6ali*itB @B Aean< o) a Aotion )or ne= trial, an* ha< the right to a''eal )roA an
or*er re)u<ing <uch relie). N.R.S. 177.015 .
/<@ell 6. State, !2! &.2* 127%
Ne6.,1981
,)ter DurB ha< gi6en it< 6er*ict<, ha< @een 'olle* in o'en court an* ha< @een *i<charge*, in*i6i*ual
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28
DurorI< change o) Ain* or claiA that he =a< Ai<ta?en or un=illing to a<<ent to 6er*ict
coAe< too late an* *oe< not =arrant granting o) ne= trial.
Cu<toA (ige<t 1% 3ea*note<
4o=ell 6. State, 2010 2: %5"77%9
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 9"5 Ver*ict ContrarB to 06i*ence
110?9"5G1; ?. 2eight an* <u))iciencB o) e6i*ence in general.
Ne6.,2010
(i<trict court *i* not a@u<e it< *i<cretion @B *enBing *e)en*antI< Aotion )or ne= trial on @a<i<
o) con)licting e6i*ence in 'ro<ecution )or ro@@erB =ith the u<e o) a *ea*lB =ea'on, ?i*na''ing
in the )ir<t *egree =ith the u<e o) a *ea*lB =ea'on, an* <e$ual a<<ault =ith the u<e o) a
*ea*lB =ea'on, although <oAe o) the e6i*ence coul* ha6e @een con)licting5 e6i*ence =a< not
<o at o**< =ith the 6er*ict that the totalitB o) e6i*ence )aile* to 'ro6e the *e)en*ant guiltB
@eBon* a rea<ona@le *ou@t.
06an< 6. State, 92! &.2* 2!5
Ne6.,199!
P1ther groun*<Q )or grant o) ne= trial e$i<t =here trial Du*ge )in*< that e6i*ence o) guilt i<
con)licting, an* a)ter in*e'en*ent e6aluation o) e6i*ence *i<agree< =ith DurBI< 6er*ict o)
guiltB. N.R.S. 17!.515 , <u@*. %.See 'u@lication 2or*< an* &hra<e< )or other Du*icial con<truction<
an* *e)inition<.
06an< 6. State, 92! &.2* 2!5
Ne6.,199!
Con)lict o) e6i*ence =arranting grant o) ne= trial occur< =here there i< <u))icient e6i*ence
're<ente* at trial =hich, i) @elie6e*, =oul* <u<tain con6iction, @ut e6i*ence i< conte<te* an*
*i<trict Du*ge, in re<ol6ing con)licting e6i*ence *i))erentlB )roA DurB, @elie6e< totalitB o) e6i*ence
)ail< to 'ro6e *e)en*ant guiltB @eBon* a rea<ona@le *ou@t. N.R.S. 17!.515 , <u@*. %.
06an< 6. State, 92! &.2* 2!5
Ne6.,199!
(i<trict court lac?< authoritB to grant ne= trial @a<e* on in<u))iciencB o) e6i*ence, an* =hen
there i< trulB in<u))icient e6i*ence to con6ict, *e)en*ant Au<t @e acFuitte*. N.R.S. 17!.515 ,
<u@*. %.
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State 6. &urcell, 887 &.2* 27!
Ne6.,199%
There =a< con)lict in the e6i*ence <o a< to 'erAit trial court to grant ne= trial to *e)en*ant
con6icte* on charge< o) le=*ne<< =ith Ainor an* <e$ual a<<ault =here 6ictiAI< te<tiAonB =a<
<tateI< onlB e6i*ence an* the *e)en<e, on cro<<e$aAination, @rought out incon<i<tencie< in
6ictiAI< te<tiAonB, 'ut on it< o=n =itne<<e< to te<ti)B a@out 6ictiAI< untruth)ulne<< an* her
Aoti6ation to lie a@out *e)en*ant =ith =hoA <he an* her Aother li6e* <o that 6ictiA coul* go
li6e =ith her )ather, an* intro*uce* e6i*ence <ho=ing lac? o) o''ortunitB )or *e)en*ant to
ha6e coAAitte* criAe< at tiAe an* in Aanner that 6ictiA *e<cri@e*. N.R.S. 17!.515 .
State 6. &urcell, 887 &.2* 27!
Ne6.,199%
TotalitB o) the e6i*ence e6aluation i< <tan*ar* )or *i<trict court to u<e in *eci*ing =hether to
grant ne= trial @a<e* on in*e'en*ent e6aluation o) con)licting e6i*ence. N.R.S. 17!.515 .
State 6. &urcell, 887 &.2* 27!
Ne6.,199%
/n contra<t to con)licting e6i*ence a< @a<i< )or granting ne= trial, in<u))iciencB o) the e6i*ence
a< @a<i< )or granting ne= trial occur< =hen 'ro<ecution ha< not 'ro*uce* AiniAuA
thre<hol* o) e6i*ence u'on =hich con6iction AaB @e @a<e*, e6en i) <uch e6i*ence =ere @elie6e*
@B DurB. N.R.S. 17!.515 .
State 6. &urcell, 887 &.2* 27!
Ne6.,199%
.n*er aAen*e* <tatute <tating that court AaB <et a<i*e 6er*ict an* enter Du*gAent o) acFuittal
i) e6i*ence i< in<u))icient to <u<tain con6iction, *i<trict court AaB not grant ne= trial @a<e* on
)in*ing that there i< in<u))icient e6i*ence to <u''ort DurB 6er*ict5 i) there i< trulB in<u))icient
e6i*ence, *e)en*ant Au<t @e acFuitte*. N.R.S. 175."81 .
State 6. &urcell, 887 &.2* 27!
Ne6.,199%
,lthough *i<trict court terAe* e6i*ence Pin<u))icient,Q thorough rea*ing o) it< *eci<ion re6eale*
that *i<trict court *i* not )in* e6i*ence in<u))icient a< a Aatter o) la= to <u''ort 6er*ict,
@ut in<tea* )oun* that it =a< con)licting an* that 6er*ict =a< not @a<e* on <u@<tantial
e6i*ence an* thu<, *i<trict courtI< or*er granting ne= trial =a< 'ro'er. N.R.S. 17!.515 .
State 6. 2al?er, 857 &.2* 1
Ne6.,199"
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.n*er Ne6a*a la= a< it e$i<te* 'rior to e))ecti6e *ate o) <tatute 'erAitting entrB o) Du*gAent
o) acFuittal i) e6i*ence i< in<u))icient to <u''ort con6iction, *i<trict Du*ge coul* grant ne= trial
)ollo=ing return o) guiltB 6er*ict =here he or <he *i<agree* =ith DurBI< re<olution o) con)licting
e6i*ence, @ut not =here there =a< in<u))icient e6i*ence to <u''ort guiltB 6er*ict.
N.R.S. 175."81 , 17!.515 5 ..S.C.,. Con<t.,Aen*. 5 .
2a<hington 6. State, !55 &.2* 5"1
Ne6.,1982
Trial Du*ge =a< not coA'elle* @B la= to *enB Aotion )or ne= trial )or in<u))iciencB o) e6i*ence.
N.R.S. 17!.515 , 17!.515 , <u@*<. 1, ", %.
,E@ill 6. State, %95 &.2* 10!%
Ne6.,1972
/) there i< <u@<tantial e6i*ence to <u''ort a DurB 6er*ict, neither trial court nor Su'reAe Court
AaB *i<tur@ it.
State 6. :e=i<, 91 &.2* 820
Ne6.,19"9
/n 'ro<ecution )or in6oluntarB Aan<laughter, =here 6ictiA =a< <truc? @B autoAo@ile *ri6en
@B *e)en*ant an* e6i*ence ten*e* to <ho= that *e)en*ant =a< guiltB o) <e6eral tra))ic la= 6iolation<,
Su'reAe Court coul* not <aB that re)u<al o) ne= trial =a< an a@u<e o) trial courtI<
*i<cretion.
Cu<toA (ige<t "% 3ea*note<
>orten<en 6. State, 98! &.2* 1105
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 9"7 Ne=lB (i<co6ere* 06i*ence
110 9"8 /n 9eneral
110?9"8G1; ?. /n general.
Ne6.,1999
Ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence, that a State =itne<<+'olice o))icer ha* e$'laine* hi< allege* @eha6ior
in coercing a )eAale arre<tee to 'er)orA an illicit <e$ act @B <tating that he =a< Pe6ilQ or
an Pe6il AanQ *i* not =arrant a ne= trial )or a Aur*er *e)en*ant =ho claiAe* that the =itne<<
=a< the <hooter, an* that a)ter the <hooting the =itne<< ha* *e<cri@e* hiA<el) a< Pe6ilQ5 <tateAent
ha* no connection to the circuA<tance< o) the Aur*er, it neither e$cul'ate* *e)en*ant
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nor incul'ate* =itne<<, it< a*Ai<<i@ilitB =a< Fue<tiona@le, an* the arre<tee ha* change* her
<torB a@out her arre<t <e6eral tiAe<.
>orten<en 6. State, 98! &.2* 1105
Ne6.,1999
To e<ta@li<h a claiA )or a ne= trial @a<e* on ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence, the *e)en*ant Au<t
<ho= that the e6i*ence i<: ne=lB *i<co6ere*5 Aaterial to the *e)en<e5 <uch that e6en =ith the
e$erci<e o) rea<ona@le *iligence it coul* not ha6e @een *i<co6ere* an* 'ro*uce* )or trial5
noncuAulati6e5
<uch a< to ren*er a *i))erent re<ult 'ro@a@le u'on retrial5 not onlB an atteA't to
contra*ict, iA'each, or *i<cre*it a )orAer =itne<<, unle<< the =itne<< i< <o iA'ortant that a
*i))erent re<ult =oul* @e rea<ona@lB 'ro@a@le5 an* the @e<t e6i*ence the ca<e a*Ait<.
>orten<en 6. State, 98! &.2* 1105
Ne6.,1999
Ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence, that a thir* 'artB+'olice o))icer ha* hear* a State =itne<<+'olice
o))icer re)er to hiA<el) a< Pe6ilQ *i* not =arrant a ne= trial )or a Aur*er *e)en*ant =ho
claiAe* that the =itne<< =a< the <hooter, an* that a)ter the <hooting the =itne<< ha* *e<cri@e*
hiA<el) a< Pe6ilQ5 <tateAent ha* no connection to the circuA<tance< o) the Aur*er, it neither
e$cul'ate* *e)en*ant nor incul'ate* =itne<<, an* it< a*Ai<<i@ilitB =a< Fue<tiona@le.
>orten<en 6. State, 98! &.2* 1105
Ne6.,1999
Ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence, a letter an* t=o note< =ritten @B the StateI< )irearA< e$'ert, *i*
not Du<ti)B a ne= trial in a Aur*er 'ro<ecution5 e6en i) the letter <ho=e* that the e$'ert
'ro6i*e* con)u<ing te<tiAonB, intro*uction o) the letter at a ne= trial =oul* <iA'lB ha6e @een
an atteA't to *i<cre*it the e$'ert, an* the note<, e6en i) theB in*icate* the 'o<<i@le e$i<tence
o) another gun, =oul* not ha6e ren*ere* a *i))erent re<ult 'ro@a@le on retrial, a< *e)en*ant
te<ti)ie* that hi< gun =a< the Aur*er =ea'on.
>orten<en 6. State, 98! &.2* 1105
Ne6.,1999
Ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence, the te<tiAonB o) a 'olice o))icer @e)ore a )e*eral DurB, <tating that
an o))icer =ho =a< a State =itne<< in *e)en*antI< Aur*er trial Pha* Aentione* <e6eral tiAe<
the )act a@out going an* *oing a *ri6e@B or <oAething li?e that nature,Q *i* not =arrant a
ne= trial, *e<'ite *e)en*antI< theorB that the =itne<< =a< the <hooter5 all o) the eBe=itne<<e<
te<ti)ie* that the 'a<<enger in a truc? =a< the actual <hooter, an* it =a< un*i<'ute* that *e)en*ant
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=a< the 'a<<enger, an* it =a< un*i<'ute* that the Aur*er =ea'on =a< *e)en*antI< o))*utB
gun.
3ennie 6. State, 9!8 &.2* 7!1
Ne6.,1998
9rant or *enial o) a ne= trial on the groun* o) ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence i< =ithin the *i<cretion
o) the trial court. N.R.S. 17!.515 .
3ennie 6. State, 9!8 &.2* 7!1
Ne6.,1998
9eneral <tan*ar* )or a ne= trial @a<e* on ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence i< that: G1; the e6i*ence
Au<t @e ne=lB *i<co6ere*5 G2; it Au<t @e Aaterial to the *e)en<e5 G"; it coul* not ha6e @een
*i<co6ere* an* 'ro*uce* )or trial e6en =ith the e$erci<e o) rea<ona@le *iligence5 G%; it Au<t
not @e cuAulati6e5 G5; it Au<t in*icate that a *i))erent re<ult i< 'ro@a@le on retrial5 G!; it Au<t
not <iA'lB @e an atteA't to contra*ict or *i<cre*it a )orAer =itne<<5 an* G7; it Au<t @e the @e<t
e6i*ence the ca<e a*Ait<. N.R.S. 17!.515 .
2al?er 6. State, 9%% &.2* 7!2
Ne6.,1997
9rant or *enial o) ne= trial on groun* o) ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence i< =ithin *i<cretion o)
trial court.
2al?er 6. State, 9%% &.2* 7!2
Ne6.,1997
To e<ta@li<h @a<i< )or a ne= trial on groun* o) ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence, the e6i*ence Au<t
@e: ne=lB *i<co6ere*5 Aaterial to the *e)en<e5 <uch that e6en =ith the e$erci<e o) rea<ona@le
*iligence it coul* not ha6e @een *i<co6ere* an* 'ro*uce* )or trial5 noncuAulati6e5 <uch a< to
ren*er a *i))erent re<ult 'ro@a@le u'on retrial5 not onlB an atteA't to contra*ict, iA'each, or
*i<cre*it a )orAer =itne<<, unle<< the =itne<< i< <o iA'ortant that a *i))erent re<ult =oul* @e
rea<ona@lB 'ro@a@le5 an* the @e<t e6i*ence the ca<e a*Ait<.
#unche< 6. State, 9%% &.2* 775
Ne6.,1997
9rant or *enial o) ne= trial on @a<i< o) ne=lB*i<co6ere* e6i*ence i< =ithin trial courtI< *i<cretion
an* =ill not @e re6er<e* on a''eal a@<ent it< a@u<e. N.R.S. 17!.515 , <u@*. 1.
#unche< 6. State, 9%% &.2* 775
Ne6.,1997
#or ne= trial on @a<i< o) ne=lB*i<co6ere* e6i*ence, the e6i*ence Au<t @e ne=lB *i<co6ere*5
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Aaterial to *e)en<e5 inca'a@le o) *i<co6erB an* 'ro*uction e6en =ith e$erci<e o) rea<ona@le
*iligence5 noncuAulati6e5 ca'a@le o) ren*ering *i))erent re<ult 'ro@a@le u'on retrial5 Aore
than atteA't to contra*ict, iA'each, or *i<cre*it )orAer =itne<<, unle<< =itne<< i< <o iA'ortant
that *i))erent re<ult =oul* @e rea<ona@lB 'ro@a@le5 an* the @e<t e6i*ence ca<e a*Ait<. N.R.S.
17!.515 , <u@*. 1.
-one< 6. State, 8"7 &.2* 1"%9
Ne6.,1992
06i*ence that co*e)en*ant =oul* ha6e te<ti)ie* on *e)en*antI< @ehal) ha* 'olice not coerce*
hi< <ilence con<titute* ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence on =hich *e)en*antI< Aotion )or ne= trial
<houl* ha6e @een grante*. N.R.S. 17!.515 , <u@*. 1.
San@orn 6. State, 812 &.2* 1279
Ne6.,1991
9rant or *enial o) ne= trial on groun* o) ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence i< =ithin trial courtI< *i<cretion
an* =ill not @e re6er<e* on a''eal a@<ent it< a@u<e. N.R.S. 17!.515 , <u@*. 1.
San@orn 6. State, 812 &.2* 1279
Ne6.,1991
To e<ta@li<h @a<i< )or ne= trial on groun* o) ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence, e6i*ence Au<t @e:
ne=lB *i<co6ere*5 Aaterial to the *e)en<e5 <uch that e6en =ith the e$erci<e o) rea<ona@le *iligence
it coul* not ha6e @een *i<co6ere* an* 'ro*uce* )or trial5 noncuAulati6e5 <uch a< to
ren*er a *i))erent re<ult 'ro@a@le u'on retrial5 not onlB an atteA't to contra*ict, iA'each, or
*i<cre*it a )orAer =itne<<, unle<< the =itne<< i< <o iA'ortant that a *i))erent re<ult =oul* @e
rea<ona@lB 'ro@a@le5 an* the @e<t e6i*ence the ca<e a*Ait<. N.R.S. 17!.515 , <u@*. 1.
4oung 6. State, 7"7 &.2* 512
Ne6.,1987
(enial o) *e)en*antI< Aotion )or ne= trial @a<e* on claiA o) ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence a@out
allege* accoA'lice in Aur*er =a< not a@u<e o) *i<cretion, =here *e)en*ant ?ne= o) accoA'liceI<
allege* in6ol6eAent 'rior to trial, an* e6i*ence =a< not li?elB to 'ro*uce *i))erent re<ult<
u'on retrial.
>cCa@e 6. State, !55 &.2* 5"!
Ne6.,1982
/n 'ro<ecution )or Aur*er, trial court *i* not err in re)u<ing to grant *e)en*ant ne= trial on
@a<i< o) ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence =here e6i*ence 'ro))ere* @B *e)en*ant *i* not <ati<)B
reFuireAent<
"0 S.&&:0>0NT,: T1 Notice o) ,''eal, >otion to Vacate an* or Set ,<i*e, -CRC& 59, -CRC& !0,
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)or ne= trial.
Cutler 6. State, 59! &.2* 21!
Ne6.,1979
Te<tiAonB o) *e)en*antI< coA'anion =a< cuAulati6e, 'artiallB incul'atorB, an* =oul* not
cau<e DurB to reach *i))erent re<ult, an* thu< it =a< not a@u<e o) *i<cretion )ollo=ing con6iction
)or )ir<t*egree Aur*er to *enB *e)en*antI< Aotion )or ne= trial @a<e* on allege* ne=lB
*i<co6ere* e6i*ence.
>c:eAore 6. State, 577 &.2* 871
Ne6.,1978
#or ne= trial on groun* o) ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence, e6i*ence Au<t @e ne=lB *i<co6ere*,
Au<t @e Aaterial to Ao6antI< *e)en<e, Au<t @e <uch that it coul* not =ith rea<ona@le *iligence
ha6e @een *i<co6ere* an* 'ro*uce* )or trial, Au<t not @e cuAulati6e, Au<t @e <uch a< to
ren*er *i))erent re<ult 'ro@a@le u'on retrial, Au<t not atteA't onlB to contra*ict )orAer =itne<<
or iA'each or *i<cre*it hiA, unle<< <uch =itne<< i< <o iA'ortant that *i))erent re<ult Au<t
)ollo=, an* <uch )act< Au<t @e <ho=n @B the @e<t e6i*ence the ca<e a*Ait<.
&orter 6. State, 57! &.2* 275
Ne6.,1978
2here e6i*ence 'ro))ere* @B *e)en*ant in <u''ort o) ne= trial Aotion, e6en i) Aaterial, =a<
not ne=lB *i<co6ere* @ut coul* ha6e @een 're<ente* at trial @B the e$erci<e o) rea<ona@le *iligence
an* =here the e6i*ence =a< cuAulati6e an* corro@orati6e an* not <uch a< to ren*er a
*i))erent re<ult 'ro@a@le u'on retrial, e6i*ence *i* not reFuire a ne= trial. N.R.S. 17!.515 .
&orter 6. State, 57! &.2* 275
Ne6.,1978
2here allege* ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence, a**uce* in <u''ort o) ne= trial Aotion, con<i<te*
e<<entiallB o) a 'ur'orte* 'olBgra'h e$aAination in =hich a thir* 'artB allege*lB truth)ullB
a*Aitte* coAAitting the ro@@erB )or =hich *e)en*ant =a< con6icte* an* the a))i*a6it o) a
courta''ointe* in6e<tigator <tating that the thir* 'artB ha* a*Aitte* coAAitting the ro@@erB,
allege* ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence *i* not Aeet gui*eline< )or granting a ne= trial. N.R.S.
17!.515 .
&orter 6. State, 57! &.2* 275
Ne6.,1978
2hether to grant a ne= trial on groun*< o) ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence i< *i<cretionarB an* tri
al courtI< *eci<ion =ill not @e re6er<e* on a''eal a@<ent an a@u<e o) *i<cretion. N.R.S.
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17!.515 .
:ight)or* 6. State, 5"8 &.2* 585
Ne6.,1975
9ranting a ne= trial in criAinal ca<e< on the groun* o) ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence i< largelB
*i<cretionarB =ith the trial court an* that courtI< *eterAination =ill not @e re6er<e* on a''eal
unle<< a@u<e o) *i<cretion i< clearlB <ho=n.
:ight)or* 6. State, 5"8 &.2* 585
Ne6.,1975
To e<ta@li<h @a<i< )or ne= trial, ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence Au<t @e ne=lB *i<co6ere*, Aaterial
to the *e)en<e, <uch that it coul* not, =ith rea<ona@le *iligence, ha6e @een *i<co6ere* an*
'ro*uce* )or trial, not cuAulati6e, <uch a< to ren*er a *i))erent re<ult 'ro@a@le u'on retrial,
not @a<e* u'on contra*iction or iA'eachAent o) a )orAer =itne<< unle<< the =itne<< iA'eache*
i< <o iA'ortant that a *i))erent re<ult Au<t )ollo=, an* the @e<t e6i*ence o) =hich the
ca<e a*Ait<.
:ight)or* 6. State, 5"8 &.2* 585
Ne6.,1975
Ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence =hich <ho=e* that *e)en*ant, =ho =a< con6icte* o) unla=)ul
'o<<e<<ion o) heroin, =a< AerelB )urni<he* =ith an o''ortunitB to coAAit the criAe @B hu<@an*
o) 'er<on to =hoA *e)en*ant ha* )urni<he* narcotic< on at lea<t )i6e or <i$ occa<ion< *i*
not entitle *e)en*ant to ne= trial on groun* o) ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence o) entra'Aent.
1li6er 6. State, %5! &.2* %"1
Ne6.,19!9
To Du<ti)B ne= trial, ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence Au<t @e G1; ne=lB *i<co6ere*, G2; Aaterial to
*e)en<e, G"; <uch that it coul* not =ith rea<ona@le *iligence ha6e @een *i<co6ere* an* 'ro*uce*
)or trial, G%; not cuAulati6e, G5; <uch a< to ren*er *i))erent re<ult 'ro@a@le on retrial,
an* G!; not an atteA't onlB to contra*ict )orAer =itne<< or iA'each or *i<cre*it hiA, unle<<
=itne<< iA'eache* i< <o iA'ortant that *i))erent re<ult Au<t )ollo=. N.R.S. 17!.515 .
1li6er 6. State, %5! &.2* %"1
Ne6.,19!9
(e)en*ant in narcotic< 'o<<e<<ion 'ro<ecution =a< not entitle* to ne= trial on @a<i< o) te<tiAonB
@B =itne<<, =ho ha* 'lea*e* guiltB to <aAe o))en<e ha* not Bet @een <entence*, that
=itne<<, )or )ear o) Deo'ar*iEing hi< 'ro@ation 'o<<i@ilitie<, ha* not te<ti)ie* @ut =oul* ha6e
te<ti)ie* that he ha* o@taine* heroin )roA thir* 'er<on, =here thir* 'er<on te<ti)ie* on Aotion
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that he ha* not gi6en heroin to =itne<<, <ince it =a< not <ho=n that e6i*ence coul* not ha6e
@een *i<co6ere* =ith rea<ona@le *iligence an* *i))erent re<ult =a< not 'ro@a@le. N.R.S.
17!.515 .
1li6er 6. State, %5! &.2* %"1
Ne6.,19!9
(e)en*ant =a< not entitle* to ne= trial in narcotic< 'ro<ecution on groun* that =itne<<, =ho
ha* 'lea*e* guiltB to <aAe o))en<e @ut ha* not Bet @een <entence*, ha* @een un=illing to gi6e
e$onerating te<tiAonB )or )ear o) Deo'ar*iEing 'ro@ation 'o<<i@ilitie< an* ha* in<tea* claiAe*
'ri6ilege, =here *e)en*ant *i* not Aa?e e))ort to te<t correctne<< o) =itne<<I< a<<ertion o)
'ri6ilege.
State 6. Croc?ett, %%% &.2* 89!
Ne6.,19!8
Trial court 'ro'erlB e$erci<e* it< *i<cretion granting a ne= trial on @a<i< o) ne=lB *i<co6ere*
e6i*ence to *e)en*ant con6icte* o) Aur*er =here a)ter trial in*i6i*ual, =ho coul* not @e
)oun* @B 'olice *uring trial, re6eale* that he =a< the 'er<on <een lea6ing Aur*er <ite =ith a
gun rather than *e)en*ant a< =itne<<e< ha* te<ti)ie*. N.R.S. 175.5"5, <u@*. 7.
7urton 6. State, %"7 &.2* 8!1
Ne6.,19!8
To <ati<)B <tatute allo=ing ne= trial on @a<i< o) ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence there Au<t @e a
)actual <ho=ing that ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence coul* not ha6e @een o@taine* through *iligence
'rior to trial, an* that it =oul* ha6e the 'ro@a@le e))ect o) a *i))erent 6er*ict on retrial.
N.R.S. 175.5"5.
7urton 6. State, %"7 &.2* 8!1
Ne6.,19!8
(e)en*ant charge* =ith ro@@erB =a< not entitle* to a ne= trial on groun*< o) ne=lB *i<co6ere*
e6i*ence, =hich allege*lB con<i<te* o) a*Ai<<ion @B co*e)en*ant =hich 'ur'orte* to
e$cul'ate *e)en*ant, a< =ell a< an a))i*a6it o) *e)en*antI< attorneB relating to circuA<tance<
an* tiAe o) *i<co6erB o) the ne= e6i*ence, <ince )act that co*e)en*ant =a< ?no=n @e)ore an*
*uring trial to all other 'artie< an* their coun<el a< a <ource o) e6i*ence a< to coAAi<<ion o)
the ro@@erie< coul* not @e re)ute* )roA the recor*. N.R.S. 175.5"5.
&acheco 6. State, %08 &.2* 715
Ne6.,19!5
Statute authoriEing court to grant ne= trial on groun* o) ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence reFuire<
"" S.&&:0>0NT,: T1 Notice o) ,''eal, >otion to Vacate an* or Set ,<i*e, -CRC& 59, -CRC& !0,
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)actual <ho=ing that e6i*ence i< ne=lB *i<co6ere*, Aaterial to *e)en<e an* coul* not =ith
rea<ona@le *iligence ha6e @een *i<co6ere* an* 'rocure* )or trial an* conclu<ion< =ill not <u))ice.
N.R.S. 175.5"5. <u@*. 7.
&acheco 6. State, %08 &.2* 715
Ne6.,19!5
>otion )or ne= trial on groun* o) ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence call< )or e$erci<e o) *i<cretion
@B trial court an*, on re6ie=, inFuirB i< =hether an a@u<e o) *i<cretion ha< occurre*. N.R.S.
1!9.110, 175.5"5, <u@*. 7.
State 6. >cNeil, % &.2* 889
Ne6.,19"1
>otion )or ne= trial )or ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence i< a**re<<e* to courtI< *i<cretion.
Ser6in 6. State, "2 &."* 1277
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 9"8 /n 9eneral
110?9"8G2; ?. 2hat con<titute< ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence in general.
Ne6.,2001
/n)orAation in 'o<<e<<ion o) one =itne<< that an a*Aitte* accoA'lice in Aur*er, =ho al<o
te<ti)ie* at *e)en*antI< trial, ha* con)e<<e* to the Aur*er, =a< not ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence
entitling *e)en*ant to ne= trial, *e<'ite *e)en*antI< contention that accoA'liceI< te<tiAonB
=a< <o crucial that hi< iA'eachAent =oul* ha6e nece<<itate* *i))erent 6er*ict, an* that he ha*
@een 'reclu*e* )roA <u@'oenaing =itne<< to te<ti)B, =here <tate *i<clo<e* accoA'liceI< a*Ai<<ion
to =itne<< nearlB nine Aonth< 'rior to trial. N.R.S. 17!.515 .
7ion*i 6. State, !99 &.2* 10!2
Ne6.,1985
,))i*a6it )roA co*e)en*ant <tating that he alone <ta@@e* 6ictiA an* that he ha* lie* at trial
=hen he *i<claiAe* anB re<'on<i@ilitB )or the ?illing *i* not con<titute Pne=lB *i<co6ere*
e6i*enceQ or e6i*ence =hich =oul* 'ro@a@lB change re<ult at trial, <o a< to entitle *e)en*ant
to ne= trial, =here co*e)en*antI< <tateAent< e$cul'ating *e)en*ant ha* @een 're<ente* to the
DurB an* ha* @een reDecte*. N.R.S. 17!.515G1; .See 'u@lication 2or*< an* &hra<e< )or other
"% S.&&:0>0NT,: T1 Notice o) ,''eal, >otion to Vacate an* or Set ,<i*e, -CRC& 59, -CRC& !0,
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Du*icial con<truction< an* *e)inition<.
>annon 6. State, !%5 &.2* %""
Ne6.,1982
Te<tiAonB @B *e)en*antI< girl )rien* in =hich <he a*Aitte* that <he ha* @een one =ho )urni<he*
AariDuana to @oB< *i* not con<titute ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence that entitle* *e)en*ant
to a ne= trial =here *e)en<e coun<el ha* @een gi6en thi< in)orAation on night o) )ir<t trial *aB
@ut =a< a<?e* Pnot to tellQ @ecau<e girl )rien* =a< a)rai* *e)en*ant =oul* @e angrB =ith her
)or her *i<clo<ure. N.R.S. 17!.515 .
3ilt 6. State, 5%1 &.2* !%5
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 9"8 /n 9eneral
110?9"8G"; ?. #act< =ithin ?no=le*ge o) *e)en*ant.
Ne6.,1975
(e)en*ant =a< not entitle* to ne= trial on @a<i< o) ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence con<i<ting o)
<tateAent< Aa*e @B 'ro<ecution =itne<< again<t *e)en*ant, ina<Auch a< *e)en<e coun<el ha*
@een =ell a=are o) the )act< *uring trial an* <oAe o) the <tateAent< ha* @een Aa*e to *e)en*ant.
N.R.S. 17!.515 .
State 6. #ouFuette, 221 &.2* %0%
Ne6.,1950
Re)u<al o) court to grant ne= trial u'on groun* o) ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence =a< 'ro'er
=here <uch e6i*ence relate* to Aental an* 'hB<ical con*ition o) accu<e* long 'rior to Aur*er
=hich =a< ?no=n to accu<e* an* hi< coun<el @e)ore trial.
(I,go<tino 6. State, 915 &.2* 2!%
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 9"9 (iligence
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110?9"9G1; ?. /n general.
Ne6.,199!
To Aerit ne= trial, ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence Au<t @e e6i*ence that coul* not ha6e @een *i<co6ere*
through rea<ona@le *iligence either @e)ore or *uring trial.
Callier 6. 2ar*en, Ne6a*a 2oAenI< Correctional Center, 901 &.2* !19
Ne6.,1995
/n a<<e<<ing ca<e< in6ol6ing 'o<<i@le 'erDurB at trial, =hether in conte$t o) ne= trial Aotion or
ha@ea< 'etition, trial court <houl* or*er ne= trial @a<e* on =itne<< recantation onlB i) the )ollo=ing
criteria are Aet: G1; court i< <ati<)ie* that trial te<tiAonB o) Aaterial =itne<<e< =a<
)al<e5 G2; e6i*ence <ho=ing that )al<e te<tiAonB =a< intro*uce* at trial i< ne=lB *i<co6ere*5
G"; e6i*ence coul* not ha6e @een *i<co6ere* an* 'ro*uce* )or trial e6en =ith e$erci<e o) rea<ona@le
*iligence5 an* G%; it i< 'ro@a@le that ha* )al<e te<tiAonB not @een a*Aitte*, *i))erent
re<ult =oul* ha6e occurre* at trial.
State 6. >cNeil, % &.2* 889
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?9%0 ?. >aterialitB.
Ne6.,19"1
>ere a*Ai<<i@ilitB o) ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence i< not <u))icient to Du<ti)B ne= trial i) it *oe<
not a''ear that e6i*ence 'o<<e<<e< reFui<ite AaterialitB.
State 6. Soare<, 29! &. 1081
Ne6.,19"1
(e)en*ant hel* not entitle* to ne= trial )or ro@@erB on groun* o) ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence
to e))ect that 'ro<ecuting =itne<< @elie6e* *e)en*antI< a<<ociate ro@@e* =itne<< on <'ur o)
AoAent an* that *e)en*ant ha* nothing to *o =ith ro@@erB.
&acheco 6. State, %08 &.2* 715
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
"! S.&&:0>0NT,: T1 Notice o) ,''eal, >otion to Vacate an* or Set ,<i*e, -CRC& 59, -CRC& !0,
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110 9%1 CuAulati6e 06i*ence
110?9%1G1; ?. /n general.
Ne6.,19!5
Ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence =hich i< cuAulati6e AaB not @e enough to =arrant another trial.
N.R.S. 175.5"5, <u@*. 7.
1I7riant 6. State, 295 &.2* "9!
Ne6.,195!
/n 'ro<ecution )or ar<on @a<e* on allege*lB incen*iarB origin o) )ire in rear rooA o) *e)en*antI<
<tore, *enial o) ne= trial on groun* o) ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence that 'oli<hing cloth<
<tore* in rear rooA =ere <u@Dect to <'ontaneou< coA@u<tion =a< not a@u<e o) *i<cretion, <ince
<uch e6i*ence =a< AerelB cuAulati6e in 6ie= o) )act that DurB =a< =ell a=are that in)laAAa@le
an* coA@u<ti@le Aaterial< =ere 're<ent in rooA an* o) *e)en*antI< theorB that <uch Aaterial<
cau<e* )ire.
State 6. Ran*ol'h, 2%2 &. !97
Ne6.,192!
Ne= trial )or ne=lB *i<co6ere* cuAulati6e e6i*ence 'ro'erlB re)u<e*.
1INeill 6. State, 2008 2: !102001
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 9%2 /A'eachAent o) 2itne<<
110?9%2G1; ?. /n general.
Ne6.,2008
(e)en*ant =a< not entitle* to ne= trial on charge< o) 'o<<e<<ion o) )orge* in<truAent< @a<e*
on allege* ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence concerning 'ro@ation o))icerI< )al<e re'ort o) recei't o)
negati6e urine <aA'le )roA *e)en*ant an* hi< <u@<eFuent )iring, a< e6i*ence =a< iA'eachAent
e6i*ence =hich coul* not )orA the @a<i< )or a ne= trial.
3ennie 6. State, 9!8 &.2* 7!1
Ne6.,1998
Ne=lB *i<co6ere* iA'eachAent e6i*ence AaB @e <u))icient to Du<ti)B granting a ne= trial i)
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the =itne<< iA'eache* i< <o iA'ortant that iA'eachAent =oul* nece<<itate a *i))erent 6er*ict.
N.R.S. 17!.515 .
3ennie 6. State, 9!8 &.2* 7!1
Ne6.,1998
06i*ence that =itne<<e< =ho te<ti)ie* again<t *e)en*ant accu<e* o) @urglarB, gran* larcenB,
an* the)t, con<'ire* =ith each other to Aur*er =itne<<I e$=i)e an* that one =itne<< =a< <u@<tantiallB
in *e@t to the other, =a< not cuAulati6e @ut Du<ti)ie* a ne= trial5 *e)en*ant claiAe*
he =a< )raAe* @B =itne<<e<, *e)en*ant =a< largelB con6icte* @a<e* on the te<tiAonB o) the
=itne<<e<, DurB =a< un*er the Ai<ta?en iA're<<ion that =itne<<e< =ere neutral, an* ?no=le*ge
o) the con<'iracB =a< critical to *e)en*antI< *e)en<e. N.R.S. 17!.515 .
(I,go<tino 6. State, 915 &.2* 2!%
Ne6.,199!
(e)en*ant con6icte* o) )ir<t*egree Aur*er @a<e*, at lea<t in 'art, on te<tiAonB o) hi< e<trange*
=i)e =a< not entitle* to ne= trial @a<e* on e6i*ence =hich he *i<co6ere* a)ter trial a<
to <tateI< *i<Ai<<al o) criAinal charge< again<t =i)e5 Fue<tion o) =i)eI< allege* coo'eration
=ith <tate =a< e$'lore* in great *etail at *e)en*antI< trial, at =hich *e)en<e attorneB 'ointe*
out the 'en*encB o) criAinal charge< that =ere later *i<Ai<<e* an* Fue<tione* =i)e a< to her
recei't o) AoneB )roA <ecret =itne<< )un*, an* e6i*ence o) *e)en*antI< guilt =a< o6er=helAing.
(I,go<tino 6. State, 915 &.2* 2!%
Ne6.,199!
(e)en*ant cannot o@tain ne= trial @a<e* on ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence =hich AerelB contra*ict<,
iA'eache< or *i<cre*it< =itne<< at *e)en*antI< trial, unle<< =itne<<I te<tiAonB =a< <o iA'ortant
that *i))erent re<ult =oul* @e rea<ona@lB 'ro@a@le.
8ing 6. State, 59! &.2* 501
Ne6.,1979
Ne=lB *i<co6ere* iA'eachAent e6i*ence AaB @e <u))icient to Du<ti)B granting a ne= trial i)
the =itne<< iA'eache* i< <o iA'ortant that iA'eachAent =oul* nece<<itate a *i))erent 6er*ict.
8ing 6. State, 59! &.2* 501
Ne6.,1979
2here re6ie= o) the e6i*ence at Aur*er trial re6eale* that te<tiAonB o) *e)en*antI<
15Bearol* <te'*aughter =a< not <o crucial that a *i))erent re<ult =oul* @e reFuire* i) the
<te'*aughter =ere iA'eache* an* =here, at hearing on *e)en*antI< Aotion )or a ne= trial
@a<e* on allege* ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence con<i<ting o) <te'*aughterI< <tateAent that <he
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ha* lie* at the trial, the <te'*aughter a))irAe* her original trial te<tiAonB an* *enie* ha6ing
tol* a 'ri6ate in6e<tigator that <he ha* lie* at the trial, the *i<trict court *i* not a@u<e *i<cretion
in *enBing the ne= trial Aotion.
RileB 6. State, 5!7 &.2* %75
Ne6.,1977
Con6iction o@taine* @B ?no=ing u<e o) 'erDure* te<tiAonB i< )un*aAentallB un)air an* Au<t
@e <et a<i*e i) there i< anB rea<ona@le li?elihoo* that )al<e te<tiAonB coul* ha6e a))ecte* Du*gAent
o) DurB. ..S.C.,.Con<t. ,Aen*. 5 .
State 6. >cNeil, % &.2* 889
Ne6.,19"1
Ne= trial )or ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence iA'eaching in character hel* 'ro'erlB *enie*.
State 6. 2ill@erg, 200 &. %75
Ne6.,1921
Ne=lB *i<co6ere* iA'eaching e6i*ence i< not groun* )or ne= trial.
#unche< 6. State, 9%% &.2* 775
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?9%2G2; ?. Contra*ictorB <tateAent< @B =itne<<.
Ne6.,1997
Ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence o) co*e)en*antI< <tateAent to Dailhou<e in)orAant< that co*e)en*ant
?ille* 6ictiA *i* not entitle *e)en*ant to ne= trial in 'ro<ecution )or )ir<t*egree Aur*er.
N.R.S. 17!.515 , <u@*. 1.
Ne6.,1995
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Ne6.,1995
#in*ing that trial te<tiAonB =a< in*ee* )al<e i< e<<ential in e6aluating =hether ne= trial
<houl* @e grante* in allege* 'erDurB ca<e<, an* trial court <houl* )ir<t a**re<< )al<itB i<<ue.
CleA 6. State, 7!0 &.2* 10"
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?9%" ?. Con)licting or contra*icte* e6i*ence.
Ne6.,1988
06i*ence =hich contra*icte* =itne<<I 'rior te<tiAonB in criAinal trial =a< in<u))icient to <u''ort
grant o) ne= trial on ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence groun*<, e<'eciallB =here the ne= e6i*ence,
a =itne<< =ho <tate* he =a< at <cene o) criAe, coul* no longer @e locate*.
8ing 6. State, 59! &.2* 501
Ne6.,1979
/n a@<ence o) anB 'roo) that *e)en*antI< 15Bearol* <te'*aughter coAAitte* 'erDurB at *e)en*antI<
Aur*er trial an* =here the <etting in =hich the recor*e* con6er<ation too? 'lace =a<
not <uch a< to en<ure truth)ulne<<, the )act that a *etecti6e =or?ing )or the *e)en<e ha*
<ecretlB recor*e* a con6er<ation =herein the <te'*aughter <tate* that <he lie* at the trial =a<
not <u))icient to create a *ue 'roce<< reFuireAent that *e)en*ant @e gi6en a ne= trial.
..S.C.,.Con<t. ,Aen*<. 5 , 1% .
>c:eAore 6. State, 577 &.2* 871
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?9%% ?. Cre*i@ilitB.
Ne6.,1978
%0 S.&&:0>0NT,: T1 Notice o) ,''eal, >otion to Vacate an* or Set ,<i*e, -CRC& 59, -CRC& !0,
00214
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/n 6ie= o) lac? o) e6i*ence other than hear<aB to in*icate that @lac? Aan i*enti)ie* @B *e)en<e
in6e<tigator =a< in )act @lac? Aan i*enti)ie* @B @arten*er a< <econ* Aan =ho ro@@e* ta6ern
an* =ho =a< in 6ehicle =hen licen<e nuA@er =a< ta?en, )ailure o) @arten*er to i*enti)B <uch
in*i6i*ual )roA 'hotogra'hic lineu' =a< iAAaterial to her cre*i@ilitB in 'o<iti6elB i*enti)Bing
*e)en*ant a< ro@@er, an* in 6ie= o) )act that @arten*erI< te<tiAonB i*enti)Bing *e)en*ant =a<
not in anB =aB 'ut in *ou@t an* <ince clo<ing arguAent a))or*e* coun<el a''ro'riate Aean< to
a**re<< anB claiAe* =ea?ne<<e< in eBe=itne<< i*enti)ication, trial court on Aotion )or ne= trial
on groun* o) ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence 'ro'erlB re)u<e* to inter)ere =ith 'ro6ince o) DurB
in *eterAining cre*i@ilitB o) @arten*erI< te<tiAonB. N.R.S. 17!.515 , 19".1!5 , 200."80 .
Cu<toA (ige<t ! 3ea*note<
(I,go<tino 6. State, 915 &.2* 2!%
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 9%5 Su))iciencB an* &ro@a@le 0))ect
110?9%5G1; ?. &ro@a@le e))ect o) ne= e6i*ence, in general.
Ne6.,199!
To Aerit ne= trial, ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence Au<t @e <uch a< to ren*er *i))erent re<ult 'ro@a@le
on retrial.
Ne6.,1995
,rA<trong 6. State, !05 &.2* 11%2
Ne6.,1980
/n 'ro<ecution )or in)aAou< criAe again<t nature )or coAAi<<ion o) an act o) <o*oAB again<t
a 17Bearol*, trial court, in con<i*ering *e)en*antI< Aotion )or ne= trial, 'ro'erlB conclu*e*
00215
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that la@oratorB re'ort =hich *e)en*ant inten*e* to u<e to iA'each 6ictiA @ut =hich State ha*
not Aa*e a6aila@le =oul* not ha6e a))ecte* the outcoAe e<'eciallB =here another re'ort con)irAe*
that an act o) <o*oAB ha* occurre*. N.R.S. 201.190 .
State 6. Croc?ett, %%% &.2* 89!
Ne6.,19!8
Cre*i@ilitB i< not te<t o) Aotion )or ne= trial an* trial Du*ge Au<t in<tea* re6ie= circuA<tance<
in their entire light an* then *eci*e =hether ne= e6i*ence =ill 'ro@a@lB change re<ult
o) trial.
&acheco 6. State, %08 &.2* 715
Ne6.,19!5
To =arrant ne= trial allege* ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence Au<t @e <uch a< to ren*er *i))erent
re<ult 'ro@a@le on retrial. N.R.S. 1!9.110, 175.5"5, <u@*. 7.
8ing 6. State, 2009 2: "189007
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?9%5G2; ?. &articular e6i*ence or ca<e<.
Ne6.,2009
(e)en*ant con6icte* o) )ir<t*egree Aur*er @B Aean< o) chil* a@u<e =a< not entitle* to ne=
trial @a<e* on ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence in the )orA o) a @lan?et the in)ant 6ictiA =a<
=ra''e* in on the night o) hi< *eath, =hich @oth <i*e< ha* un<ucce<<)ullB atteA'te* to )in*
'rior to trial5 although *e)en*ant argue* that @lan?et corro@orate* hi< te<tiAonB that in)ant
*ie* )roA cho?ing on hi< o=n 6oAit rather than @lunt hea* trauAa, )oren<ic 'athologi<t, =ho
te<ti)ie* at trial that he coul* not *eterAine a cau<e o) *eath, <till coul* not e<ta@li<h a cau<e
o) *eath, e6en =ith the @lan?et, e6i*ence o) @loo* an* 6oAit on the @lan?et =oul* not nece<<arilB
iA'each =itne<<e< =ho <ai* theB *i* not <ee @loo* or 6oAit, an* auto'<B e6i*ence reAaine*
the @e<t e6i*ence in the ca<e.
1INeill 6. State, 2008 2: !102001
Ne6.,2008
,llege* ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence that <earch o) *e)en*ant =a< @a<e* on )a@ricate* e6i*ence
00216
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2
3
4
6
7
8
9
11
12
13
14
16
17
18
19
21
22
23
24
26
27
28
*i* not =arrant ne= trial on charge< o) 'o<<e<<ion o) )orge* in<truAent<, a< *e)en*ant *i* not
<ho= that a *i))erent re<ult =oul* @e 'ro@a@le on retrial.
2al?er 6. State, 9%% &.2* 7!2
Ne6.,1997
(e)en*ant con6icte* o) )ir<t*egree Aur*er =a< not entitle* to ne= trial on groun* o) ne=lB
*i<co6ere* e6i*ence that he 'urcha<e* 'uregrain alcohol on *aB o) the Aur*er, <u''orting hi<
arguAent that he =a< too *run? to coAAit )ir<t*egree Aur*er, a< it =a< not rea<ona@lB 'ro@a@le
that the ne= e6i*ence =oul* ha6e le* to a *i))erent re<ult.
SiAAon< 6. State, 912 &.2* 217
Ne6.,199!
06en i) <u''re<<e* te<tiAonB o) Aur*er 6ictiAI< neigh@or that he ha* not hear* gun <hot< on
night o) Aur*er coul* @e categoriEe* a< ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence that Aight entitle *e)en*ant
to ne= trial, it =a< not o) <uch FualitB that, =hen con<i*ere* @B DurB, =oul* 'ro@a@lB re<ult
in *i))erent outcoAe i) ne= trial =ere 'erAitte* =here e6i*ence ha* @een 're<ente* to DurB
that neigh@or< hear* nothing unu<ual, an* 'hB<ical e6i*ence o6er=helAinglB in*icate* that
6ictiA =a< <hot in hi< re<i*ence, rather than @eing <hot <oAe=here el<e an* then ta?en to hi<
hoAe.
State 6. StanleB, % Ne6. 71
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 9%8 ,''lication )or Ne= Trial
110 9%9 #orA an* ReFui<ite< in 9eneral
110?9%9G1; ?. /n general.
Ne6.,18!8
,n a''lication )or ne= trial, on the groun* that the DurB recei6e* e6i*ence out o) the trial, that
theB <e'arate* contrarB to in<truction<, or @ecau<e the 6er*ict =a< reache* @B ca<ting lot<, or
<oAe other un)air Aean<, AaB @e 're<ente* @B a))i*a6it, =ithout either <tateAent or @ill o)
e$ce'tion<.
:aBton 6. State, 510 &.2* 8!%
%" S.&&:0>0NT,: T1 Notice o) ,''eal, >otion to Vacate an* or Set ,<i*e, -CRC& 59, -CRC& !0,
00217
5
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2
3
4
6
7
8
9
11
12
13
14
16
17
18
19
21
22
23
24
26
27
28
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?950 ?. -uri<*iction.
Ne6.,197"
/t =a< neither nece<<arB nor 'ro'er to a''lB in )ir<t in<tance to Su'reAe Court )or lea6e to
Ao6e )or ne= trial @a<e* on ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence5 rather, <uch a Aotion =a< reFuire* to
@e Aa*e in *i<trict court. N.R.S. 17!.515 , <u@*. ".
8ing 6. State, 2009 2: "%25!!1
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 951 TiAe )or >a?ing
110?951G1; ?. /n general.
Ne6.,2009
Trial court 'ro'erlB *i<Ai<<e* Aotion )or ne= trial that =a< not @a<e* on ne=lB *i<co6ere*
e6i*ence an* =a< )ile* Aore than eight Bear< a)ter entrB o) the Du*gAent o) con6iction. 2e<tI<
NRS, 17!.515 G%;.
2att< 6. State, 2008 2: !12%788
Ne6.,2008
Trial court coul* *enB *e)en*antI< Aotion )or ne= trial a< untiAelB5 the Aotion =a< not @a<e*
u'on ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence an* =a< not )ile* =ithin <e6en *aB< a)ter the DurBI< 6er*ict.
2e<tI< NRS, 17!.515 G%;.
7ro=ning 6. State, 91 &."* "9
Ne6.,200%
(e)en*antI< Aotion )or a ne= trial @a<e* on ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence =a< untiAelB, =here
the Aotion =a< Aa*e Aore than t=o Bear< a)ter hi< con6iction. 2e<tI< NRS, 17!.515 , <u@*.
".
(I,go<tino 6. State, 915 &.2* 2!%
Ne6.,199!
>otion )or ne= trial that =a< not )ile* until Aore than t=o Bear< a)ter DurB returne* 6er*ict o)
%% S.&&:0>0NT,: T1 Notice o) ,''eal, >otion to Vacate an* or Set ,<i*e, -CRC& 59, -CRC& !0,
00218
5
10
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25

1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
11
12
13
14
16
17
18
19
21
22
23
24
26
27
28
guiltB an* *e)en*ant =a< <entence* to *eath =a< not )ile* in tiAelB )a<hion, un*er Ne6a*a
<tatute 'ro6i*ing that =hene6er Aotion )or ne= trial i< @a<e* on ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence,
Aotion Au<t @e )ile* =ithin t=o Bear< a)ter 6er*ict or )in*ing o) guilt5 trial court 'ro'erlB reDecte*
*e)en*antI< contention that t=oBear =in*o= <houl* @egin to run, in ca'ital ca<e, onlB
a)ter conclu<ion o) all a''eal<. N.R.S. 17!.515 , <u@*. ".
(e&a<Fuale 6. State, 80" &.2* 218
Ne6.,1990
(i<trict court *i* not err in not hearing Aur*er *e)en*antI< Aotion )or ne= trial, )ile* one *aB
late. N.R.S. 17!.515 , <u@*. %.
Sno= 6. State, 779 &.2* 9!
Ne6.,1989
Statute reFuiring that Aotion< )or ne= trial @a<e* on ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence @e @rought
=ithin t=o Bear< a)ter 6er*ict *i* not 6iolate eFual 'rotection clau<e o) #ourteenth ,Aen*Aent
on @a<i< o) *i<tingui<hing @et=een tho<e 'ri<oner< =ho @ring their Aotion< =ithin the
t=o Bear< an* tho<e =ho *o not, =here *e)en*ant ha< a6enue, through 'etition )or ha@ea< cor'u<,
@B =hich he AaB 're<ent hi< allege*lB e$cul'ating, ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence Aore than
t=o Bear< a)ter the 6er*ict. N.R.S. 17!.515 , <u@*. "5 ..S.C.,. Con<t.,Aen*. 1% .
Sno= 6. State, 779 &.2* 9!
Ne6.,1989
,lthough iA'ortant 'ri6ate intere<t e$i<t< in right not to @e e$ecute* erroneou<lB, t=oBear
<tatute o) liAitation< on Aotion )or ne= trial @a<e* on ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence *i* not 6iolate
*eath 'enaltB *e)en*antI< *ue 'roce<< right<, =here *e)en*ant ha* o'tion o) 're<enting
ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence in 'etition )or =rit o) ha@ea< cor'u<. N.R.S. 17!.515 , <u@*. "5
..S.C.,. Con<t.,Aen*. 1% .
3argro6e 6. State, !8! &.2* 222
Ne6.,198%
7oth a Aotion )or a ne= trial an* a Aotion to =ith*ra= a guiltB 'lea AaB @e Aa*e a)ter con6iction.
N.R.S. 17!.1!5 , 17!.515 .
&acheco 6. State, %08 &.2* 715
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
00219
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3
4
6
7
8
9
11
12
13
14
16
17
18
19
21
22
23
24
26
27
28
110 95% StateAent o) 9roun*<
110?95%G1; ?. /n general.
Ne6.,19!5
Conclu<orB <tateAent in Ao6ing 'a'er< that ne= e6i*ence ha< @een *i<co6ere*, Aaterial to
*e)en<e, @B *e)en*ant, an* that it coul* not =ith rea<ona@le *iligence ha6e @een *i<co6ere*
an* 'rocure* at the trial =a< not <u))icient to =arrant granting o) ne= trial. N.R.S. 1!9.110,
175.5"5, <u@*. 7.
State 6. 7auer, 122 &. 7!
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 955 7ill o) 0$ce'tion< or StateAent o) Ca<e
110?955G1; ?. Nece<<itB )or @ill o) e$ce'tion<.
Ne6.,1912
2here a Aotion )or a ne= trial i< @a<e* on Aatter< tran<'iring @e)ore the court, it AaB @e
Aa*e =ithout a @ill o) e$ce'tion<.
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 95! ,))i*a6it< an* 1ther &roo)< in 9eneral
110?95!G1; ?. /n general.
Ne6.,2009
,< )ir<t o) three <te'< in6ol6e* on a non0ngli<h<'ea?ing *e)en*antI< Aotion )or ne= trial
@a<e* on allege* inaccuracie< o) hi< tran<late* trial te<tiAonB, each 'artB <houl* ha6e it< o=n
inter'reter re6ie= the tran<late* te<tiAonB )or *i<cre'ancie<5 i) *i<cre'ancie< e$i<t, the *e)en*ant
ha< the @ur*en o) *eAon<trating the inaccuracB o) the tran<late* te<tiAonB an* that it
)un*aAentallB altere* the <u@<tance o) hi< actual te<tiAonB. 2e<tI< NRS, 17!.515 .
%! S.&&:0>0NT,: T1 Notice o) ,''eal, >otion to Vacate an* or Set ,<i*e, -CRC& 59, -CRC& !0,
00220
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2
3
4
6
7
8
9
11
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13
14
16
17
18
19
21
22
23
24
26
27
28
Ne6.,2009
,< <econ* o) three <te'< in6ol6e* on a non0ngli<h<'ea?ing *e)en*antI< Aotion )or ne= trial
@a<e* on allege* inaccuracie< o) hi< tran<late* trial te<tiAonB, the *i<trict court <houl* a''oint
an in*e'en*ent an*, i) a6aila@le, certi)ie* court inter'reter to re6ie= the tran<lation<5 to *eterAine
=hether the *e)en*ant ha< Aet hi< @ur*en o) *eAon<trating the inaccuracB o) the
tran<late* te<tiAonB, the *i<trict court Au<t con<i*er the *i<'ute* 6er<ion< o) the te<tiAonB to
*eterAine =hether the allege* inaccuracie< or oAi<<ion< )un*aAentallB altere* the conte$t o)
the *e)en*antI< te<tiAonB an* =hether the inaccuracie< 'reDu*ice* the *e)en*ant <uch that a
ne= trial i< =arrante*. 2e<tI< NRS, 17!.515 .
State 6. >c8aB, 1!5 &.2* "89
Ne6.,19%!
The 'ortion o) <heri))I< a))i*a6it relating to letter allege* to ha6e @een =ritten @B *e)en*ant
=hile in countB Dail to =oAan in .tah reFue<ting that hac?<a= @la*e< @e <ent hiA, although it
=oul* ha6e @een rele6ant at trial to <ho= con<ciou<ne<< o) guilt an* )ear o) con<eFuence<,
=a< not 'ro'er )or that 'ur'o<e a)ter the trial u'on Aotion )or ne= trial u'on groun* o) in<u))iciencB
o) e6i*ence to Du<ti)B the 6er*ict.
State 6. >c8aB, 1!5 &.2* "89
Ne6.,19%!
No e6i*ence =oul* @e 'ro'er u'on a Aotion )or ne= trial that =a< 'ro'er, rele6ant, or Aaterial
to i<<ue< at the trial, in6ol6ing guilt or innocence o) *e)en*ant, an* not there intro*uce*.
State 6. >c8aB, 1!5 &.2* "89
Ne6.,19%!
1nlB the e6i*ence a*Aitte* at trial, an* @e)ore ca<e =a< )inallB <u@Aitte* to DurB, can @e con<i*ere*
u'on a Aotion )or ne= trial in *eterAining <u))iciencB o) e6i*ence to Du<ti)B the 6er*ict.
State 6. >c8aB, 1!5 &.2* "89
Ne6.,19%!
The 'ortion o) <heri))I< a))i*a6it narrating *e)en*antI< atteA'te* e<ca'e )roA countB Dail =hile
=aiting trial, =hen a*Aitte* u'on hearing o) *e)en*antI< Aotion )or ne= trial, =a< a*Ai<<i@le
onlB to <ho= criAinal an* *e<'erate character o) *e)en*ant )or 'ur'o<e o) <ho=ing rea<ona@le
nece<<itB )or ?ee'ing hiA han*cu))e* at tiAe o) the trial, an* )ailure to re<trict u<e o) a))i*a6it
)or <uch 'ur'o<e =a< erroneou<.
State 6. StanleB, % Ne6. 71
00221
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3
4
6
7
8
9
11
12
13
14
16
17
18
19
21
22
23
24
26
27
28
Ne6.,18!8
,n a''lication )or ne= trial on the groun* that *e)en*ant =a< not 're<ent *uring the trial AaB
@e 're<ente* <iA'lB @B a))i*a6it, =ithout either <tateAent or @ill o) e$ce'tion<.
State 6. Soren<on, "15 &.2* 508
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?95!G2; ?. Nece<<itB )or a))i*a6it< in general.
Ne6.,1957
Trial courtI< )ailure, in granting ne= trial a)ter con6iction, to reFuire coA'liance =ith <tatutorB
reFuireAent that Aotion )or ne= trial @a<e* on Ai<con*uct @e <u''orte* @B a))i*a6it
=oul* not @e *eterAine* erroneou< =here trial court grante* <ai* Aotion on a**itional groun*
=hich *i* not reFuire <u''ort @B a))i*a6it. N.R.S. 1!9.110.
/<@ell 6. State, !2! &.2* 127%
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?95!G10; ?. Su))iciencB o) 'roo)< a< to *i<Fuali)ication o) Duror<.
Ne6.,1981
06i*ence <u''orte* trial courtI< )in*ing that Duror ha* not Aaintaine* a @ia< again<t *e)en*ant
=hich <he ha* conceale* on 6oir *ire.
>eBer 6. State, 80 &."* %%7
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
00222
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10
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1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
11
12
13
14
16
17
18
19
21
22
23
24
26
27
28
110?95!G11; ?. >i<con*uct o) or a))ecting Duror< in general.
Ne6.,200"
/n claiA< o) DurB Ai<con*uct @a<e* on intrin<ic in)luence< an* e$trin<ic Aaterial that *oe< not
generallB rai<e a 're<uA'tion o) 'reDu*ice, the *e)en*ant Au<t, through a*Ai<<i@le e6i*ence,
*eAon<trate the nature o) the Duror Ai<con*uct an* that there i< a rea<ona@le 'ro@a@ilitB that it
a))ecte* the 6er*ict.
&en*leton 6. State, 7"% &.2* !9"
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?95!G1"; ?. Su))iciencB o) 'roo)< a< to Ai<con*uct o) or a))ecting Duror<.
Ne6.,1987
,lthough 'roce*ure )or alleging Duror Ai<con*uct on Aotion )or ne= trial u<uallB in6ol6e*
<u@Ai<<ion o) a))i*a6it< o) Duror<, *etailing Ai<con*uct o) other Duror<, <o that *i<trict Du*ge
coul* then call hearing to Fue<tion a))iant a@out Aatter, un*er circuA<tance< o) ca<e, there
=a< no in)irAitB in 'roce*ure utiliEe* @B *e)en<e coun<el o) <u@Aitting hi< o=n a))i*a6it alleging
Duror Ai<con*uct.
:ittle 6. State, !25 &.2* 572
Ne6.,1981
Though a))i*a6it< =ere a*Aitte* )or liAite* 'ur'o<e o) <ho=ing concealAent o) actual @ia< on
'art o) Duror<, =here nothing in recor* coA'elle* a )in*ing o) intentional concealAent @B Duror<,
trial court acte* =ell =ithin it< *i<cretion in *eterAining that a ne= trial =a< not =arrante*.
&ar<on< 6. State, "29 &.2* 1070
Ne6.,1958
/n Aur*er 'ro<ecution, e6i*ence <u<taine* iA'lie* )in*ing that <e'aration< o) Duror< =ere not
'reDu*icial.
Cu<toA (ige<t 1% 3ea*note<
>eBer 6. State, 80 &."* %%7
00223
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25

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2
3
4
6
7
8
9
11
12
13
14
16
17
18
19
21
22
23
24
26
27
28
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 957 StateAent<, ,))i*a6it<, an* Te<tiAonB o) -uror<
110?957G1; ?. /n general.
Ne6.,200"
7ecau<e claiA< o) Duror Ai<con*uct @a<e* on intrin<ic in)luence< can rarelB @e 'ro6en =ithout
re<ort to ina*Ai<<i@le Duror a))i*a6it< that *el6e into the DurBI< *eli@erati6e 'roce<<, onlB in e$treAe
circuA<tance< =ill intrin<ic in)luence< Du<ti)B a ne= trial. 2e<tI< NRS, 50.0!5 .
>eBer 6. State, 80 &."* %%7
Ne6.,200"
The *i<trict court, )or 'ur'o<e< o) a claiA o) Duror Ai<con*uct, Au<t a''lB an o@Decti6e te<t in
e6aluating the iA'act o) the e$trin<ic Aaterial or intrin<ic Ai<con*uct on the 6er*ict an*
<houl* not in6e<tigate the <u@Decti6e e))ect< o) anB e$trin<ic e6i*ence or Ai<con*uct on the
Duror<.
Tinch 6. State, 9%! &.2* 10!1
Ne6.,1997
,< general rule, Duror< AaB not iA'each their o=n 6er*ict.
7u<hnell 6. State, 599 &.2* 10"8
Ne6.,1979
Ne6a*a la= allo=< Duror te<tiAonB regar*ing o@Decti6e )act< or o6ert con*uct con<tituting Duror
Ai<con*uct.
2al?er 6. State, 59% &.2* 710
Ne6.,1979
2here it i< claiAe* that a Duror ha< an<=ere* )al<elB on 6oir *ire a@out a Aatter o) 'otential
@ia< or 'reDu*ice, an e$ce'tion i< Aa*e to general rule that a DurorI< <tateAent< =ill not @e recei6e*
to iA'each the 6er*ict.
Coo? 6. State, "59 &.2* %8"
Ne6.,19!1
-uror< coul* not iA'each their o=n 6er*ict.
&inana 6. State, "52 &.2* 82%
Ne6.,19!0
&er<onal te<tiAonB o) Duror<, a< to a<<erte* Ai<con*uct, 'ro))ere* a< atteA't to ha6e Duror<
00224
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2
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6
7
8
9
11
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13
14
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18
19
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22
23
24
26
27
28
iA'each their o=n 6er*ict @B <ho=ing that theB ha* an<=ere* Fue<tion< on 6oir *ire e$aAination
iA'ro'erlB an* that theB ha* con<i*ere* )act< out<i*e recor* =a< 'ro'erlB re)u<e*.
State 6. >c8aB, 1!5 &.2* "89
Ne6.,19%!
9enerallB, Duror< AaB te<ti)B to anB )act< <ho=ing the e$i<tence o) an out<i*e in)luence, @ut
theB cannot gi6e e6i*ence to the e))ect anB <uch out<i*e in)luence AaB ha6e ha* on their
Ain*< in arri6ing at a 6er*ict.
State 6. >c8aB, 1!5 &.2* "89
Ne6.,19%!
9enerallB, a))i*a6it< or te<tiAonB o) Duror< are a*Ai<<i@le =hen o))ere* @B 'ro<ecution )or
'ur'o<e o) <u<taining the 6er*ict.
State 6. >c8aB, 1!5 &.2* "89
Ne6.,19%!
,))i*a6it< @B Duror< that theB =ere not in)luence* @B rea*ing ne=<'a'er article<, or @B iA'ro'er
arguAent< o) 'ro<ecuting attorneB, or @B iA'ro'er e6i*ence or e$hi@it< intro*uce* in
the DurB rooA, or that theB *i* not 'aB anB attention to )act that in<truction *eli6ere* to theA
=a< Aar?e* Pre)u<e*Q, cannot @e con<i*ere*.
State 6. >c8aB, 1!5 &.2* "89
Ne6.,19%!
,))i*a6it< o) Duror<, in =hich theB <tate* theB =ere not in)luence* @B )act that *e)en*ant =a<
<hac?le* *uring cour<e o) trial, =a< not coA'etent e6i*ence to <ho= a@<ence o) anB 'reDu*icial
in)luence u'on their Ain*< a< re<ult o) <hac?ling o) *e)en*ant, an* a*Ai<<ion o) <uch
e6i*ence on *e)en*antI< Aotion )or ne= trial =a< iA'ro'er.
State 6. :e=i<, 91 &.2* 820
Ne6.,19"9
Ver*ict< cannot @e iA'eache* @B Duror<I a))i*a6it<.
State 6. Ste=art, 9 Ne6. 120
Ne6.,187%
-urorI< a))i*a6it i< ina*Ai<<i@le to iA'each 6er*ict.
Re)erence<
/A'eachAent o) 6er*ict @B DurorI< e6i*ence that he =a< coerce* or intiAi*ate* @B )ello= Duror
"9 ,Aerican :a= Re'ort< %th 800 G1985;
9 Norton 7an?ru'tcB :a= an* &ractice 2* #e*. R. 06i*. !0! G1998;
00225
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Tinch 6. State, 9%! &.2* 10!1
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?957G2; ?. (enBing or e$'laining a<<ent to 6er*ict.
Ne6.,1997
-urorI< te<tiAonB, 'rior to 'enaltB 'ha<e o) Aur*er trial, to e))ect that <he ha* tol* @aili)) 'rior
to rea*ing o) 6er*ict that <he =ante* to change her 6er*ict an* that @aili)) ha* tol* her that <he
coul* not *o <o, *i* not reFuire *eclaration o) Ai<trial, =here Duror *i* not re'u*iate her 6er*ict
at tiAe DurB =a< 'olle* an* @aili))I< te<tiAonB a< to hi< con6er<ation =ith Duror con)licte*
=ith DurorI< te<tiAonB.
0cha6arria 6. State, 8"9 &.2* 589
Ne6.,1992
StateAent< o) Duror *uring 'o<ttrial inter6ie= that <he ha* 6ote* )or *eath 'enaltB onlB @ecau<e
<he thought that 6er*ict =oul* @e o6erturne* on a''eal =a< not a*Ai<<i@le to iA'each
DurBI< 6er*ict.
State 6. :e=i<, 91 &.2* 820
Ne6.,19"9
,))i*a6it< o) Duror< to <ho= Ai<con*uct o) DurB an* that 6er*ict =a< coerce* a< a re<ult o)
Ai<re're<entation an* *eceit o) )ello= Duror<, =ere 6aluele<< a< @eing contrarB to )act< <ho=n
@B recor* an* a< not *i<clo<ing the naAe o) anB Duror =ho Ai<re're<ente* anB )act<.
Cu<toA (ige<t 1" 3ea*note<
Val*eE 6. State, 19! &."* %!5
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?957G"; ?. >i<con*uct o) Duror<, in general.
Ne6.,2008
00226
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1n a Aotion )or Ai<trial @a<e* on intrin<ic Duror Ai<con*uct, the *e)en*ant Au<t 'ro6e the
nature o) the DurB Ai<con*uct an* that there i< a rea<ona@le 'o<<i@ilitB that the Ai<con*uct a))ecte*
the 6er*ict5 the *e)en*ant AaB onlB 'ro6e the Ai<con*uct u<ing o@Decti6e )act< an* not
the <tate o) Ain* or *eli@erati6e 'roce<< o) the DurB.
>eBer 6. State, 80 &."* %%7
Ne6.,200"
&roo) o) Duror Ai<con*uct Au<t @e @a<e* on o@Decti6e )act< an* not the <tate o) Ain* or *eli@erati6e
'roce<< o) the DurB. 2e<tI< NRS, 50.0!5 .
>eBer 6. State, 80 &."* %%7
Ne6.,200"
-uror a))i*a6it< that *el6e into a DurorI< thought 'roce<< cannot @e u<e* to iA'each a DurB 6er*ict
@a<e* on Ai<con*uct an* Au<t @e <tric?en. 2e<tI< NRS, 50.0!5 .
>eBer 6. State, 80 &."* %%7
Ne6.,200"
7e)ore a *e)en*ant can 're6ail on a Aotion )or a ne= trial @a<e* on a claiA o) Duror Ai<con*uct,
the *e)en*ant Au<t 're<ent a*Ai<<i@le e6i*ence <u))icient to e<ta@li<h: G1; the occurrence
o) Duror Ai<con*uct, an* G2; a <ho=ing that the Ai<con*uct =a< 'reDu*icial.
>eBer 6. State, 80 &."* %%7
Ne6.,200"
,))i*a6it< or <tateAent< @B Duror< a@out the actual e))ect o) Duror Ai<con*uct on the *eli@eration<
or their in*i6i*ual *eci<ion< are not a*Ai<<i@le to *eterAine the iA'act o) the Ai<con*uct
u'on a 6er*ict. 2e<tI< NRS, 50.0!5 .
>eBer 6. State, 80 &."* %%7
Ne6.,200"
(i<trict court *i* not a@u<e it< *i<cretion, )or 'ur'o<e< o) claiA o) Duror Ai<con*uct @rought
@B <e$ual a<<ault *e)en*ant, in <tri?ing 'ortion o) Duror a))i*a6it< that inclu*e* re)erence< regar*ing
<i*e e))ect< o) 6ictiAI< ,ccutane Ae*ication, =hich ha* @een tol* to DurB @B Duror
=ho re<earche* the Ae*ication, an* re)erence< regar*ing the e))ect <entencing *i<cu<<ion< ha*
on Aental 'roce<< o) t=o o) the Duror<, e6en though *e)en*ant claiAe* e$clu*e* 'ortion< =ere
*eterAinati6e o) Ai<con*uct claiA, a< *e)en*ant allege* at trial that 'hB<ical Aar?< on 6ictiAI<
@o*B =ere cau<e* @B a reaction to 6ictiAI< ,ccutane Ae*ication or )alling5 recor* re6eale*
that the <tric?en 'ortion< o) the Duror a))i*a6it< outline* the e))ect that the allege* Ai<con*uct
ha* u'on <oAe o) the Duror<, or ho= the DurB con*ucte* it< *eli@eration<. 2e<tI<
00227
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28
NRS, 50.0!5 .
:ittle 6. State, !25 &.2* 572
Ne6.,1981
2hen it i< claiAe* a Duror ha< an<=ere* )al<elB on 6oir *ire a@out a Aatter o) 'otential @ia< or
'reDu*ice, a))i*a6it< o) other Duror< re6ealing <uch iA'ro'er con*uct AaB @e recei6e* to iA'each
their 6er*ict.
7u<hnell 6. State, 599 &.2* 10"8
Ne6.,1979
-urorI< a))i*a6it to e))ect that DurB )oreAan Ai<<tate* to other Duror< the Du*geI< re<'on<e to
Duror<I Fue<tion< *uring *eli@eration =a< coA'etent e6i*ence iA'eaching 6er*ict, <ince it =a<
te<tiAonB regar*ing an o@Decti6e )act con<tituting Duror Ai<con*uct an* =a< a*Ai<<i@le.
N.R.S. %8.025 , 50.0!5 , <u@*. 2.
7ar?er 6. State, 59% &.2* 719
Ne6.,1979
2here court e$clu*e* )roA it< con<i*eration o) DurB Ai<con*uct tho<e 'ortion< o) a))i*a6it
=hich *i* *eal =ith Aental 'roce<<e< or e))ect u'on Duror< o) allege* Ai<con*uct, an* onlB relie*
u'on tho<e 'ortion< o) a))i*a6it< o) te<tiAonB *ealing =ith the con*uct an* the <tateAent<
to the DurB o) the )oreAan, the<e =ere o@Decti6e )act< o6er an* ca'a@le o) a<certainAent @B
anB o@<er6er an* the court, there)ore, 'rocee*e* 'ro'erlB un*er a''lica@le rule. N.R.S. 50.0!5
, <u@*. 2.
State 6. >c8aB, 1!5 &.2* "89
Ne6.,19%!
Though Duror< AaB @e 'erAitte* to te<ti)B a< to =hether anB 'articular act allege* a< Ai<con*uct
on 'art o) Duror< occurre*, or a< to e$i<tence o) anB )act Ailitating again<t )air trial, theB
are not 'erAitte* to gi6e e6i*ence, either orallB or @B a))i*a6it, u'on Aotion )or ne= trial, a<
to e))ect <uch Ai<con*uct or 'reDu*icial act ha* u'on their Ain*<.
State 6. >c8aB, 1!5 &.2* "89
Ne6.,19%!
The Duror< are coA'etent to re@ut allegation< o) @ia< an* Ai<con*uct, @ut, =here act o) Ai<con*uct
i< a*Aitte*, it cannot @e <ho=n @B Duror< that accu<e* <u))ere* no 'reDu*ice @B rea<on
thereo), <ince un*er <uch circuA<tance< the 're<uA'tion o) 'reDu*ice i< conclu<i6e.
State 6. CrutchleB, 12 &. 11"
Ne6.,188!
00228
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The a))i*a6it o) a trial Duror, in a trial )or Aur*er, 'ur'orting to gi6e a <tateAent Aa*e @B another
Duror a)ter the DurB ha< retire* to con<i*er their 6er*ict, i< not generallB e6i*ence o) Ai<con*uct
=hich the court can con<i*er in <u''ort o) a Aotion )or a ne= trial.
Re)erence<
&reDu*icial e))ect o) DurBI< 'rocureAent or u<e o) @oo? *uring *eli@eration< in criAinal ca<e<
"5 ,Aerican :a= Re'ort< %th !2! G1985;
&ro'rietB o) DurorI< te<t< or e$'eriAent< in DurB rooA "1 ,Aerican :a= Re'ort< %th 5!!
G198%;
>eBer 6. State, 80 &."* %%7
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?957G5; ?. Con<i*eration @B DurB o) Aatter< not in e6i*ence.
Ne6.,200"
To *eterAine =hether there i< a rea<ona@le 'ro@a@ilitB that Duror Ai<con*uct a))ecte* a 6er*ict,
a court AaB con<i*er a nuA@er o) )actor<, =hich inclu*e ho= the e$traneou< in)orAation
=a< intro*uce* to the DurB, the length o) tiAe it =a< *i<cu<<e* @B the DurB, the tiAing o) it<
intro*uction,
=hether the in)orAation =a< aA@iguou<, 6ague, or <'eci)ic in content, =hether the
in)orAation =a< cuAulati6e o) other e6i*ence a**uce* at trial, =hether the in)orAation in6ol6e*
a Aaterial or collateral i<<ue, =hether the in)orAation in6ol6e* ina*Ai<<i@le e6i*ence,
an* in a**ition, the trial court Au<t Aa?e a con<i*eration o) the e$trin<ic in)luence in light o)
the trial a< a =hole an* the =eight o) the e6i*ence.
>eBer 6. State, 80 &."* %%7
Ne6.,200"
The *i<trict courtI< )actual inFuirB )or 'ur'o<e< o) a claiA o) Duror Ai<con*uct i< liAite* to
*eterAining
the e$tent to =hich Duror< =ere e$'o<e* to the e$trin<ic or intrin<ic e6i*ence.
&inana 6. State, "52 &.2* 82%
Ne6.,19!0
00229
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,))i*a6it< concerning hear<aB <tateAent< o) one o) the Duror<, an* aAounting to in*irect =aB
o) 'erAitting Duror to iA'each hi< o=n 6er*ict, =ere not entitle* to con<i*eration on Aotion
)or ne= trial.
&inana 6. State, "52 &.2* 82%
Ne6.,19!0
&er<onal te<tiAonB o) Duror<, a< to a<<erte* Ai<con*uct, 'ro))ere* a< atteA't to ha6e Duror<
iA'each their o=n 6er*ict @B <ho=ing that theB ha* an<=ere* Fue<tion< on 6oir *ire e$aAination
iA'ro'erlB an* that theB ha* con<i*ere* )act< out<i*e recor* =a< 'ro'erlB re)u<e*.
State 6. >c8aB, 1!5 &.2* "89
Ne6.,19%!
,))i*a6it< @B Duror< that theB =ere not in)luence* @B rea*ing ne=<'a'er article<, or @B iA
'ro'er arguAent< o) 'ro<ecuting attorneB, or @B iA'ro'er e6i*ence or e$hi@it< intro*uce* in
the DurB rooA, or that theB *i* not 'aB anB attention to )act that in<truction *eli6ere* to theA
=a< Aar?e* Pre)u<e*Q, cannot @e con<i*ere*.
Re)erence<
-urorI< rea*ing o) ne=<'a'er account o) trial in <tate criAinal ca<e *uring it< 'rogre<< a<
groun* )or Ai<trial, ne= trial, or re6er<al %! ,Aerican :a= Re'ort< %th 11 G198!;
&reDu*icial e))ect o) DurBI< 'rocureAent or u<e o) @oo? *uring *eli@eration< in criAinal ca<e<
"5 ,Aerican :a= Re'ort< %th !2! G1985;
-urBI< *i<cu<<ion o) 'arole la= a< groun* )or re6er<al or ne= trial 21 ,Aerican :a= Re'ort<
%th %20 G198";
:e=i< 6. State, 59! &.2* 85%
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 958 ,))i*a6it< an* 06i*ence a< to Ne=lB (i<co6ere* 06i*ence
110?958G1; ?. /n general.
Ne6.,1979
Trial Court *i* not err in *enBing ne= trial in Aur*er 'ro<ecution on @a<i< o) allege*lB ne=lB
*i<co6ere* e6i*ence containe* in a))i*a6it e$ecute* @B co*e)en*ant e$cul'ating *e)en*ant
)roA anB 'artici'ation in the criAe.
00230
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2
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6
7
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9
11
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16
17
18
19
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22
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24
26
27
28
:o'eE 6. State, 7!9 &.2* 127!
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?958G!; ?. Su))iciencB o) 'roo)< in general.
Ne6.,1989
Trial court *i* not err in re)u<ing Ai<trial in 'ro<ecution )or Aur*er @B torture @a<e* u'on allege*
'erDure* te<tiAonB o) ?eB =itne<< )or 'ro<ecution5 allege* 'erDurB, that =itne<< =a< in
)act @rother o) 6ictiAI< Aother, =a< not 'ro6e*.
&acheco 6. State, %08 &.2* 715
Ne6.,19!5
#act< @earing u'on rea<ona@le *iligence to 'rocure e6i*ence )or trial Au<t @e <ho=n @B @e<t
e6i*ence 'o<<i@le on Aotion )or ne= trial. N.R.S. 175.5"5, <u@*. 7.
:i@@B 6. State, 975 &.2* 8""
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?959 ?. 3earing an* rehearing in general.
Ne6.,1999
06i*entiarB hearing regar*ing claiA o) gen*er *i<criAination in DurB <election =a< not Aeaningle<<,
<o a< to =arrant a ne= trial, e6en though alAo<t eight Bear< ha* 'a<<e* <ince the DurB
<election5 =hile 'ro<ecutor =a< una@le to reAeA@er e6erB *etail, <uch a< each 'otential DurorI<
clothing or e$act *eAeanor, the *e)en<e ha* aA'le o''ortunitB to cro<<e$aAine the 'ro<ecutor
to challenge @oth hi< cre*i@ilitB an* hi< AeAorB, an* the *eterAination that he coul* <u))icientlB
recall an* articulate hi< rea<on< )or e$erci<ing hi< 'ereA'torB challenge< =a< not an
a@u<e o) *i<cretion.
00231
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23
24
26
27
28
Ru*in 6. State, 8! &."* 572
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?9!1 ?. (eterAination.
Ne6.,200%
>ur*er *e)en*antI< na?e* allegation< that trial courtI< *eci<ion to *enB her Aotion )or ne= trial
=a< colore* @B @ia< or lac? o) iA'artialitB =ere in<u))icient to e<ta@li<h anB iA'ro'rietB5
*e)en*ant ha* @ur*en o) <etting )orth )act<, @ut )aile* to *o <o.
State 6. &urcell, 887 &.2* 27!
Ne6.,199%
(i<trict court =hich grante* ne= trial to *e)en*ant clearlB i*enti)ie* the con)lict in the e6i*ence
=hen it note* in it< o'inion that e6i*ence a< to *e)en*antI< guilt =a< con)licting an* then
<tate* it< general iA're<<ion =ith regar* to each count, a< =ell a< it< rea<on< )or *i<agreeing
=ith DurB 6er*ict. N.R.S. 17!.515 .
State 6. &urcell, 887 &.2* 27!
Ne6.,199%
,lthough *i<trict court terAe* e6i*ence Pin<u))icient,Q thorough rea*ing o) it< *eci<ion re6eale*
that *i<trict court *i* not )in* e6i*ence in<u))icient a< a Aatter o) la= to <u''ort 6er*ict,
@ut in<tea* )oun* that it =a< con)licting an* that 6er*ict =a< not @a<e* on <u@<tantial
e6i*ence an* thu<, *i<trict courtI< or*er granting ne= trial =a< 'ro'er. N.R.S. 17!.515 .
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?9!% ?. 1r*er granting or re)u<ing ne= trial.
Ne6.,2009
,< )inal <te' in6ol6e* on a non0ngli<h<'ea?ing *e)en*antI< Aotion )or ne= trial @a<e* on
allege* inaccuracie< o) hi< tran<late* trial te<tiAonB, the *i<trict court <houl* 're<er6e co'ie<
o) tran<lation< )or the recor* on a''eal. 2e<tI< NRS, 17!.515 .
00232
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28
7ell 6. Coughlin, 820 #.Su''. 780
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 91" 9roun*< )or Ne= Trial in 9eneral
110?91"G1; ?. /n general.
S.(.N.4.,199"
&olice o))icerI< )al<e te<tiAonB concerning hi< ?no=le*ge o) @alli<tic< te<t< other than one to
=hich he te<ti)ie*, con*ition o) t=o o) <i$ @ullet< an* one o) <i$ cartri*ge <hell< )oun* at
criAe <cene, an* =hether he too? tho<e @ullet< an* <hell =ith hiA to con*uct @alli<tic< te<t<
*i* not reFuire ne= trial, not=ith<tan*ing *e)en*ant<I contention that *i<clo<ure o) o))icerI<
'erDurB =oul* ha6e @ol<tere* their arguAent at trial that <tate =oul* ha6e gone to anB length<
to con6ict *e)en*ant< o) Aur*er o) t=o 'olice o))icer< an* <ha?en DurBI< )aith in @alli<tic< re<ult<5
there =a< no e6i*ence that 'ro<ecutor< ?ne= that o))icerI< te<tiAonB =a< )al<e, )al<e
te<tiAonB *i* not un*ercut i*enti)ication o) gun in *e)en*ant<I 'o<<e<<ion a< Aur*er =ea'on
@a<e* on other <hell< an* @ullet<, an*, e6en =ithout gun i*enti)ication, 'ro<ecutionI< ca<e =a<
e$treAelB <trong.
SAitherAan 6. State, 521 So.2* 1050
,la.CriA.,''.,1987
#act that )orAer 'olice o))icer an* 'riAarB =itne<<, in <ale o) controlle* <u@<tance< trial, =a<
not onlB <ource o) incul'atorB e6i*ence )or State, Ao<t nota@lB *e)en*antI< <tateAent< u'on
arre<t, =a< <igni)icant in *eci*ing =hether *e)en*ant =a< entitle* to ne= trial, a)ter 'riAarB
=itne<&0T0NT &R/NC/&,:S, C1>&0T0NT T3/R( &,RT/0S, ,N( T30 :,2 1#
,90NC4 !1 /n*iana :a= -ournal 115 G198!;
..S. 6. >cCourtB, 5!2 #."* %58
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
00233
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28
110?919G1; ?. /n general.
C.,.2.N.4.,2009
(enial o) *rug *e)en*antI< Aotion )or ne= trial =a< not a@u<e o) *i<cretion, not=ith<tan*ing
*e)en*antI< contention that te<ti)Bing 'olice o))icer< coAAitte* 'erDurB, ina<Auch a< it =a<
=ithin 'ur6ie= o) DurB to a<<e<< o))icer<I cre*i@ilitB, an* o))icer<I te<tiAonB =a< not <o 'atentlB
incre*i@le or *e)iant o) 'hB<ical realitie< a< to Du<ti)B intru<ion u'on DurBI< 6er*ict. CoA'rehen<i6e
(rug ,@u<e &re6ention an* Control ,ct o) 1970, N %01, 21 ..S.C.,. N 8%1 5
#e*.Rule< Cr.&roc.Rule "", 18 ..S.C., .
3arri< 6. ..S., 9 #.Su''.2* 2%!
S.(.N.4.,1998
:en*ing o))icerI< ci6il *e'o<ition< )aile* to e<ta@li<h 'erDurB @B her in te<ti)Bing )or go6ernAent
in 'ro<ecution o) @orro=er<I chie) e$ecuti6e o))icer GC01; )or *e)rau*ing len*er< in
connection =ith <'eculati6e oil tra*ing through another coA'anB o=ne* @B C01, )or 'ur'o<e<
o) C01I< entitleAent to ne= trial or correction o) <entence5 o))icer AerelB <tate* in *e'o<ition
that <he lac?e* in)orAation on coA'anBI< acti6itie<. 28 ..S.C.,. N 2255 5 #e*.Rule<
Ci6.&roc.Rule "", 28 ..S.C., .
3arri< 6. ..S., 9 #.Su''.2* 2%!
S.(.N.4.,1998
8no=le*ge or 'erce'tion< o) o))icer< o) @an?< other than @an? )or =hich go6ernAent =itne<<
=or?e* a< len*ing o))icer =a< not *irectlB 'ro@ati6e o) =itne<<I ?no=le*ge or 'erce'tion< an*
thu< =hether <he coAAitte* 'erDurB in te<ti)Bing again<t @orro=er<I chie) e$ecuti6e o))icer
GC01; in 'ro<ecution )or *e)rau*ing len*er<, )or 'ur'o<e< o) *eterAining C01I< entitleAent
to ne= trial or correction o) <entence. 28 ..S.C.,. N 2255 5 #e*.Rule< Ci6.&roc.Rule "", 28
..S.C., .
..S. 6. Chin, 910 #.Su''. 889
0.(.N.4.,1995
(e)en*ant )oun* guiltB o) @eing )elon in 'o<<e<<ion o) =ea'on =a< not entitle* to ne= trial,
e6en though *e)en*ant claiAe* that incon<i<tencie< @et=een earlier te<tiAonB o) 'olice o))icer
an* trial te<tiAonB =ere <o nuAerou< a< to in*icate 'erDurB rather than AeAorB la'<e<
or other non'erDuriou< cau<e< o) con)lict5 incon<i<tencie< relate* to cha<e o) *e)en*ant, an*
not hi< allege* *i<car*ing o) =ea'on a< he ran *o=n an alleB=aB, =hich =a< central to *e)en*antI<
theorB that 'olice P'lante*Q =ea'on.
..S. 6. &an*oEEi, 878 #.2* 152!
!0 S.&&:0>0NT,: T1 Notice o) ,''eal, >otion to Vacate an* or Set ,<i*e, -CRC& 59, -CRC& !0,
00234
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C.,.1.R./.,1989
#ailure to *i<clo<e <tate 'olice o))icerI< AeAoran*uA on inter6ie= =ith =itne<< *i* not =arrant
ne= trial on charge o) 'erDurB @e)ore gran* DurB =here *e)en*ant coul* ha6e o@taine*
<aAe in)orAation =ith rea<ona@le *iligence an* =here )ailure to *i<clo<e the AeAo =oul* not
ha6e Aa*e a *i))erence in the trialI< outcoAe.
CoA. 6. Corni<h, 5%7 N.0.2* 9%8
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?919G"; ?. /n arguAent in general.
>a<<.,''.,1989
Ne= trial =a< 'ro'erlB grante* *e)en*ant con6icte* on 'o<<e<<ion o) AariDuana an* tra))ic?ing
in cocaine *ue to Du*geI< concern< =ith tru<t=orthine<< o) e6i*ence, )airne<<, an* intere<t<
o) Du<tice5 e6i*ence 're<ente* <eriou< Fue<tion a< to =hether 'olice o))icer =ho =a< CoAAon=ealthI<
chie) =itne<< ha* coAAitte* 'erDurB, o))icer =a< iA'ro'erlB allo=e* to o))er
o'inion o) *e)en*antI< guilt, an* 'ro<ecutor iA'ro'erlB <ought in clo<ing to ha6e DurB *ra= in)erence
a*6er<e to *e)en*ant )or )ailing to call a< =itne<< co*e)en*ant =ho<e trial ha* @een
<e6ere*.
Re)erence<
Re'ort< 5th 700 G199";
CoA. 6. Corni<h, 5%7 N.0.2* 9%8
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?921 ?. Ruling< on e6i*ence.
>a<<.,''.,1989
00235
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<e6ere*.
CoA. 6. Corni<h, 5%7 N.0.2* 9%8
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 9"5 Ver*ict ContrarB to 06i*ence
110?9"5G1; ?. 2eight an* <u))iciencB o) e6i*ence in general.
>a<<.,''.,1989
<e6ere*.
3arri< 6. ..S., 9 #.Su''.2* 2%!
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 9"8 /n 9eneral
110?9"8G2; ?. 2hat con<titute< ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence in general.
S.(.N.4.,1998
Trial e$hi@it< or *ocuAent< rea*ilB acce<<i@le to @orro=er<I chie) e$ecuti6e o))icer GC01;
G@an? <tateAent<, @orro=ing @a<e re'ort<, an* *ailB acti6itB re'ort<; =ere not ne=lB *i<co6ere*
e6i*ence on Fue<tion =hether Aanager o) len*erI< coAAo*itie< *i6i<ion coAAitte*
'erDurB in te<ti)Bing )or go6ernAent in 'ro<ecution )or *e)rau*ing len*er< in connection =ith
00236
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<'eculati6e oil tra*ing, )or 'ur'o<e< o) *eterAining C01I< entitleAent to ne= trial or correction
o) <entence. 28 ..S.C.,. N 2255 5 #e*.Rule< Ci6.&roc.Rule "", 28 ..S.C., .
..S. 6. 3ar6eB, 5%0 #.2* 1"%5
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110 9"9 (iligence
110?9"9G1; ?. /n general.
C.,.8.,r?.,197!
CourtI< *enial o) *e)en*antI< 'o<ttrial Aotion<, on claiA that a #7/ "02 <tateAent to an agent
@B tele'hone coA'anB <ecuritB o))icer =a< Pne=lB *i<co6ere*Q e6i*ence o) 'erDurB @B <uch
<ecuritB o))icer that ha* @een ?no=inglB <u''re<<e* @B 'ro<ecution, =a< not error, <ince anB
incon<i<tencB @et=een te<tiAonB an* #7/ "02 re'ort o) <tateAent *uring in6e<tigation =a<
rea*ilB *i<co6era@le at tiAe o) trial an* there =a< no e6i*ence o) <u''re<<ion or ?no=ing u<e
o) 'erDure* te<tiAonB @B 9o6ernAent.
Cor<o 6. ..S., "89 #.Su''. !59
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?9%0 ?. >aterialitB.
S.(.N.4.,197%
/n a@<ence o) anB 'ro<ecutorial Ai<con*uct an* )act that the )al<e te<tiAonB o) o))icer< =ith
re<'ect to their *enial o) ?no=le*ge o) e$i<tence o) illegal =ireta'< =a< not Aaterial to the i<<ue
o) guilt, there =a< no @a<i< to grant ne= trial @a<e* on go6ernAent =itne<<e/N,: :,2
!" S.&&:0>0NT,: T1 Notice o) ,''eal, >otion to Vacate an* or Set ,<i*e, -CRC& 59, -CRC& !0,
00237
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28
110?9%2G1; ?. /n general.
C.,.".N.-.,2010
(i<trict court *i* not a@u<e it< *i<cretion in *enBing *e)en*antI< Aotion )or ne= trial in cocaine
iA'ortation 'ro<ecution, *e<'ite *e)en*antI< contention that go6ernAent =itne<<I< 'erDurB
a@out call< *e)en*ant Aa*e to Trini*a* coul* ha6e a))ecte* DurBI< Du*gAent, =here =itne<<I<
te<tiAonB regar*ing *e)en*antI< 'ur'orte* u<e o) 'hone to call Trini*a* =a< not in*i<'en<a@le
to hi< con6iction, an* *e)en*antI< con6iction =a< <u''orte* @B o6er=helAing e6i*ence
)roA other <ource<, inclu*ing te<tiAonB @B la= en)orceAent o))icer< an* *e)en*antI< cocon<'irator.
#e*.Rule< Cr.&roc.Rule "", 18 ..S.C., .
..S. 6. Vogel, 251 #e*.,''$. "99
C.,.9.Cal.,2007
Ca<ela= 'ro6i*ing )or ne= trial @a<e* on critical =itne<<I 'erDurB or coA'lete lac? o) relia@ilitB
*i* not =arrant ne= trial )or con<'iracB an* AoneB laun*ering in connection =ith *rug
acti6itB @a<e* on cocon<'iratorI< <u@<eFuent con6iction )or o@<truction o) o))icial 'rocee*ing
ari<ing )roA cocon<'iratorI< lie< to hi< 'ro@ation o))icer.
ConleB 6. ..S., 1!% #.Su''.2* 21!
(.>a<<.,2001
06i*ence *i<co6ere* *uring ci6il trial that 'ro<ecution =itne<< i*enti)ie* 'er<on< other than
*e)en*ant at 'hoto lineu' a< 'er<on< that he <a= near <cene o) 'olice o))icerI< @eating =arrante*
ne= trial )or *e)en*ant con6icte* o) 'erDurB an* o@<truction o) Du<tice @a<e* u'on hi<
gran* DurB te<tiAonB *uring in6e<tigation o) the a<<ault5 e6i*ence =a< not *i<clo<e* @B 'ro<ecutor<
*e<'ite *e)en*antI< <'eci)ic reFue<t, an* it =a< Aaterial <ince it coul* ha6e @een u<e*
to iA'each =itne<<I trial te<tiAonB that *e)en*ant =a< one o) the 'er<on< he <a= near <cene o)
a<<ault, =hich coul* ha6e re<ulte* in acFuittal. ..S.C.,. Con<t.,Aen*. 5 5 #e*.Rule<
Cr.&roc.Rule "", 18 ..S.C., .
..S. 6. Cu<ti<, 988 #.2* 1"55
C.,.%.>*.,199"
Su@<eFuent in*ictAent o) t=o 'olice o))icer =itne<<e< )or 'erDurB *i* not =arrant ne= trial5
in*ictAent in6ol6e* unrelate* ca<e =ith i<<ue< that ha* no @earing on *e)en*antI< trial,
charge< again<t o))icer< =ere Aere allegation<, in*ictAent< =ere *i<Ai<<e*, an* o))icer0NT,: T1 Notice o) ,''eal, >otion to Vacate an* or Set ,<i*e, -CRC& 59, -CRC& !0,
00238
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an*, to <oAe e$tent, te<tiAonB o) *e)en*ant hiA<el).
..S. 6. 3ar6eB, 5%0 #.2* 1"%5
C.,.8.,r?.,197!
CourtI< *enial o) *e)en*antI< 'o<ttrial Aotion<, on claiA that a #7/ "02 <tateAent to an agent
@B tele'hone coA'anB <ecuritB o))icer =a< Pne=lB *i<co6ere*Q e6i*ence o) 'erDurB @B <uch
<ecuritB o))icer that ha* @een ?no=inglB <u''re<<e* @B 'ro<ecution, =a< not error, <ince anB
incon<i<tencB @et=een te<tiAonB an* #7/ "02 re'ort o) <tateAent *uring in6e<tigation =a<
rea*ilB *i<co6era@le at tiAe o) trial an* there =a< no e6i*ence o) <u''re<<ion or ?no=ing u<e
o) 'erDure* te<tiAonB @B 9o6ernAent.
TBler 6. State, 501 S.2.2* 189
>o.,''.,197"
>ere 6ariance @et=een the te<tiAonB o) 'olice o))icer< at *e)en*antI< criAinal trial an* ci6il
trial again<t the o))icer< to reco6er )or allege* @rutalitB =ere not <u))icient to =arrant 6acation
o) Du*gAent an* ne= trial on groun* o) 'erDurB. V.,.>.R. CriA. Rule 27.2!.
State 6. 7raEil, 50% &.2* 7!
,riE.,''.(i6.1,1972
2here incon<i<tencie< in te<tiAonB o) 'olice o))icer =itne<< =ere not o) <uch nature a< to
con6ince court that =itne<< =a< coAAitting or ha* coAAitte* 'erDurB, ne= trial =a< not reFuire*.
>artin 6. .. S., 15% #.2* 2!9
C.,.!.1hio,19%!
/n 'ro<ecution )or cau<ing a girl to @e tran<'orte* in inter<tate coAAerce =ith intent to in*uce
her to engage in iAAoral 'ractice< in 6iolation o) 2hite Sla6e ,ct, re)u<al o) Aotion )or ne=
trial on groun* o) ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence, con<i<ting o) a))i*a6it< o) 'olice o))icer an* o)
)ather an* uncle o) girl allege*lB tran<'orte* in inter<tate coAAerce ten*ing to <ho= that girl
coAAitte* 'erDurB touching Aaterial )eature< o) her te<tiAonB, *i* not con<titute an a@u<e o)
*i<cretion. 2hite Sla6e ,ct N 2, 18 ..S.C.,. N 2%21 .
State 6. 9reco, 8!2 So.2* 1152
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
00239
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110?9%2G2; ?. Contra*ictorB <tateAent< @B =itne<<.
:a.,''.%.Cir.,200"
State =itne<<e<I recantation te<tiAonB at 'o<tcon6iction hearing that theB =ere )orce* @B *etecti6e
an* *i<trict attorneBI< in6e<tigator to te<ti)B )al<elB at Aur*er trial that theB hear* *e)en*ant,
rather than accoA'lice, te<ti)B he =a< going to ProllQ 6ictiA, an* that theB =ere
threatene* =ith criAinal charge< i) theB <'o?e =ith *e)en<e coun<el or te<ti)ie* other=i<e,
<u''orte* )in*ing< that o))icer< <u@orne* 'erDurB an* that cre*i@ilitB o) *etecti6eI< an* in6e<tigatorI<
te<tiAonB regar*ing circuA<tance< o) ta?ing =itne<<e<I <tateAent< *e)en*antI<
con)e<<ion, in =hich *etecti6e a*Aitte* 'ara'hra<ing certain <tateAent< an* oAitting other<,
=a< <u))icientlB un*erAine* an* calle* into *ou@t 6ali*itB o) <tateAent< an* con)e<<ion, thu<
entitling *e)en*ant to ne= trial.
CoA. 6. 2ater<, 571 N.0.2* "99
>a<<.,1991
(enial o) *e)en*antI< Aotion )or ne= trial @a<e* on ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence o) 'olice o))icerI<
allege* ?no=inglB )al<e te<tiAonB at *e)en*antI< trial a< 'art o) o))icerI< allege* 'artici'ation
in unla=)ul 'olice 'rotection 'aBAent <cheAe, =a< not an a@u<e o) *i<cretion, *e<'ite
o))icerI< contrarB te<tiAonB at inter6ening 'erDurB trial o) o))icer =ho allege*lB acte* a<
Ai**leAan in 'rotection 'aBAent <cheAe, 'articularlB a< Aotion Du*ge =a< al<o trial Du*ge.
..S. 6. >ac?in, 5!1 #.2* 958
C.,.(.C.,1977
#act< that ?eB go6ernAent =itne<< tol* her 'ro@ation o))icer, =hen 'artiallB recanting her 'rior
te<tiAonB at Aur*er an* ro@@erB trial, that <he =ante* to Pget right =ith 9o*Q an* <he realiEe*
that <he ha* coAAitte* 'erDurB at trial, an* that =hen =itne<< tal?e* to her attorneB <he
?ne= <he =a< e$'o<ing her<el) to 'ro<ecution )or 'erDurB *i* not e<ta@li<h that =itne<< =a<
no= a cre*i@le =itne<< )or 'ur'o<e o) <ati<)Bing P:arri<on Q te<t )or ne= trial.
State 6. >orro=, 528 &.2* !12
,riE.,197%
Ne= trial =a< not reFuire* =here incon<i<tencie< in 'olice o))icerI< te<tiAonB in 'ro<ecution
)or ?i*na''ing an* le=* an* la<ci6iou< con*uct =ere not o) <uch a nature a< to con6ince court
that =itne<< =a< coAAitting or ha* coAAitte* 'erDurB.
,rnol* 6. State, %02 S.0.2* "12
!! S.&&:0>0NT,: T1 Notice o) ,''eal, >otion to Vacate an* or Set ,<i*e, -CRC& 59, -CRC& !0,
00240
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110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?9%" ?. Con)licting or contra*icte* e6i*ence.
9a.,''.,1991
/ncon<i<tencie< in te<tiAonB o) 'olice o))icer< =ere not <ho=n to @e 'erDurB an* *i* not entitle
*e)en*ant to ne= trial5 recor* *i* not *i<clo<e that o))icer< ga6e =il)ullB an* ?no=inglB
)al<e te<tiAonB. 1.C.9.,. N 2%985 .
&eo'le 6. >arEe*, !1" N.4.S.2* 82!
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?9%% ?. Cre*i@ilitB.
N.4.CitB.CriA.Ct.,199"
2ea'on 'o<<e<<ion *e)en*ant =a< entitle* to ne= trial on groun* o) ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence
that o))icer, =ho ha* @een &eo'leI< 'riAarB =itne<< at trial, ha* @een in*icte* )or 'erDurB
allege*lB coAAitte* in unrelate* criAinal 'ro<ecution5 e6i*ence that o))icer ha* lie* to
gran* DurB in another ca<e =oul* 'ro@a@lB ha6e change* 6er*ict at trial, =hich turne* on cre*i@ilitB
o) o))icer 6er<u< *e)en*ant. >c8inneBI< C&: N ""0."0, <u@*. " .
..S. 6. Cu<ti<, 78! #.Su''. 5""
(.>*.,1992
Ne= trial =a< nece<<itate*, in intere<t o) Du<tice, @B arre<ting o))icer<I in*ictAent< )or 'erDurB
in unrelate* ca<e<5 're<ence or a@<ence o) rea<ona@le *ou@t in Duror/N,: :,2
00241
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110?9%5G2; ?. &articular e6i*ence or ca<e<.
C.,.2.N.4.,2002
(i<trict courtI< *enial o) ne= trial )ollo=ing 'olice o))icerI< con6iction )or 'erDurB =a< not
a@u<e o) *i<cretion, *e<'ite ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence that o))icer< o) citBI< anticriAe unit
ha* not engage* in Ai<con*uct, an* that go6ernAent *i* not ha6e <u))icient e6i*ence to 'ur<ue
action again<t anticriAe unit o))icer< un*er in6e<tigation5 <u@Dect Aatter o) o))icerI< trial
ha* @een liAite* to =hether or not he 'erDure* hiA<el) @e)ore gran* DurB in6e<tigating allege*
Ai<con*uct, an* go6ernAent ha* liAite* it<el) at trial to that i<<ue. #e*.Rule< Cr.&roc.Rule
"", 18 ..S.C., .
..S. 6. 3u**le<ton, 2" #.Su''.2* 72
(.>e.,1998
,<<uAing that a''ro'riate <tan*ar* )or *eterAining =hether ne= trial =a< =arrante* @B
ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence that go6ernAent =itne<<e<, un@e?no=n<t to 'ro<ecutor, 'erDure*
theA<el6e< =a< =hether there =a< rea<ona@le li?elihoo* that 6er*ict coul* ha6e @een *i))erent
=ith the ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence, *e)en*ant =a< not entitle* to ne= trial @a<e* on go6ernAent
=itne<<e<I 'erDurB concerning their countrB o) origin in *rug trial in =hich *e)en*ant allege*
that he coo'erate* =ith =itne<<e< not to *i<tri@ute *rug< @ut to <et u' e$'ort @u<ine<<5
e6i*ence again<t *e)en*ant, inclu*ing incriAinating coAAent< he Aa*e to la= en)orceAent
o))icer< a)ter hi< arre<t, =a< o6er=helAing.
..S. 6. Cu<ti<, 78! #.Su''. 5""
(.>*.,1992
Ne= trial =a< nece<<itate*, in intere<t o) Du<tice, @B arre<ting o))icer<I in*ictAent< )or 'erDurB
in unrelate* ca<e<5 're<ence or a@<ence o) rea<ona@le *ou@t in Duror/N,: :,2
110 951 TiAe )or >a?ing
00242
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110?951G1; ?. /n general.
N.-.Su'er.,''.,199"
>otori<t =ho ha* @een con6icte* in >unici'al Court o) (2/ o))en<e @a<e* on te<tiAonB o)
'olice o))icer =ho later @egan to )al<i)B @reathalBEer rea*ing< )aile* to 're<ent clear, con6incing
an* <ati<)actorB e6i*ence o) anB 'erDurB @B o))icer in hi< ca<e, <uch a< Aight entitle Aotori<t
to ne= trial Aore than t=o Bear< a)ter he =a< con6icte*. R. 7:%7.
State 6. -o<e'h, 95 N.0.2* 771
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?957G!; ?. >i<con*uct o) other< a))ecting Duror<.
1hio.,''.2.(i<t.#ran?lin.Co.,1950
/n 'ro<ecution )or <u@ornation o) 'erDurB, =here Du*ge, Duror< an* o))icer< 'lace* in charge
o) DurB, a)ter <u@Ai<<ion o) ca<e @ut @e)ore *eli@eration, *ine* together, *e)en*ant ha* )ull
right to ta?e a))i*a6it< or te<tiAonB o) Duror< a< to =hat tran<'ire*, i) he @elie6e* that he =a<
'reDu*ice* @B action o) trial Du*ge, <ince rule that a))i*a6it< or te<tiAonB o) Duror< =ill not @e
recei6e* to iA'each their 6er*ict, unle<< e6i*ence aliun*e o) irregularitB in *eli@eration< o)
DurB or in return o) 6er*ict i< )ir<t <ho=n, ha< no a''lication =here <uch irregularitB i< *ue to
Ai<con*uct o) Du*ge or o))icer o) court. 9en.Co*e, N 1"%%81.
Re)erence<
CoAAunication @et=een court o))icial< or atten*ant< an* Duror< in criAinal trial a< groun* )or
Ai<trial or re6er<al'o<t&ar?er ca<e< "5 ,Aerican :a= Re'ort< %th 890 G1985;
(i<ru'ti6e con*uct o) <'ectator< in 're<ence o) DurB *uring criAinal trial a< @a<i< )or re6er<al,
ne= trial, or Ai<trial 29 ,Aerican :a= Re'ort< %th !59 G198%;
0Aotional Aani)e<tation< @B 6ictiA or )aAilB o) 6ictiA *uring criAinal trial a< groun* )or re6er<al,
ne= trial, or Ai<trial "1 ,Aerican :a= Re'ort< %th 229 G198%;
&ro'rietB o) attorneBI< coAAunication =ith Duror< a)ter trial 19 ,Aerican :a= Re'ort< %th
1209 G198";
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2il<on 6. State, !77 N.0.2* 58!
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?958G!; ?. Su))iciencB o) 'roo)< in general.
/n*.,''.,1997
Ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence, 'articularlB recantation @B 6ictiAI< )orAer @oB)rien* o) hi< te<tiAonB
that he ha* <een *e)en*ant 'oint )irearA at 6ictiA, =arrante* ne= trial on =ea'on<
charge<, *e<'ite claiA that ne= e6i*ence =a< AerelB iA'eaching, an* that @oB)rien*I< a))i*a6it
=a< not =orthB o) cre*it5 a))i*a6it =a< cre*i@le @ecau<e it e$'o<e* @oB)rien* to criAinal
con6iction )or 'erDurB, an* Aoreo6er, it =a< corro@orate* @B t=o other a))i*a6it< <tating that
@oB)rien* an* 6ictiA ha* Pe$'re<<e* <ur'ri<eQ that 'olice o))icerI< te<tiAonB ha* corro@orate*
their o=n.
&eo'le 6. 7o<<ert, 772 &.2* !18
Colo.,1989
>o6ant )aile* to e<ta@li<h that 'olice re'ort allege*lB contra*icting 'olice o))icerI< te<tiAonB
an* e<ta@li<hing 'erDurB @B o))icer =a< ne=lB *i<co6ere* e6i*ence5 Aotion *i* not <tate
=hen Ao6ant learne* o) re'ort or =hether it =a< *i<co6era@le @e)ore trial. Rule< CriA.&roc.,
Rule "5Gc;, Gc;G2;GV, V/; .
CoA. 6. 7ortner, 98 (au'h. 81
110 CR/>/N,: :,2
110?9!1 ?. (eterAination.
&a.CoA.&l.,197!
The court *enie* Aotion< )or a ne= trial an* in arre<t o) Du*gAent a)ter con6iction o) *e)en*ant<,
a 'olice o))icer an* to= truc? o=ner an* o'erator allege*lB in6ol6e* in Aa?ing ?ic?@ac?<
or 'aBo))< )roA to= truc? o'erator< )or the re)erral o) to=ing @u<ine<<, o) 'erDurB @e)ore
the &enn<Bl6ania CriAe CoAAi<<ion, a)ter )in*ing no Aerit to their 6ariou< contention<
inclu*ing tho<e relating to con<oli*ation o) in*ictAent< )or trial, lac? o) authoritB @B the CoAAi<<ion
00244
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to a*Aini<ter oath<, 6ariance @et=een the in*ictAent an* the e6i*ence a< to the 'ur'o<e
o) the 'aBAent<, a*Ai<<i@ilitB o) te<tiAonB o) *e)en*ant< gi6en @e)ore the CoAAi<<ion
an* *enial o) *e)en*antI< 'retrial a''lication )or *i<co6erB o) note< o) te<tiAonB o) all =itne<<e<
@e)ore the CoAAi<<ion.
CoA. 6. 2oo*, 20 Che<t. 158
&a.CoA.&l.,1972
(e)en*ant, )ollo=ing con6iction @B a DurB o) the criAe o) 'erDurB in concert =ith a co*e)en*ant
Galrea*B <entence*;, @B rea<on o) ha6ing )al<elB an* Aaliciou<lB charge* t=o 'olice
o))icer< =ith a criAinal o))en<e, Ao6e* )or a ne= trial an* in arre<t o) Du*gAent. (e)en<e
coun<el argue* that: the 6er*ict =a< not <u''orte* @B the la= or the e6i*ence, charge o) the
trial Du*ge ha* )aile* to *i<tingui<h @et=een cre*i@ilitB an* 'erDurB, the *e)en*ant <houl*
ha6e @een 'erAitte* to re@ut te<tiAonB a**uce* on cro<< e$aAination o) a coAAon=ealth
=itne<<, an* the content o) the ,<<i<tant (i<trict ,ttorneBI< clo<ing arguAent an* the )act o)
*ual re're<entation o) @oth *e)en*ant< @B the <aAe coun<el con<titute* <'eci)ic 6iolation< o)
*e)en*antI< con<titutional right<. The court care)ullB re6ie=e* the 'ertinent e6i*ence o) recor*
an* the charge o) the court G@oth <'eci)icallB an* rea* a< a =hole;, an*, a''lBing the rule< outline*
a@o6e, hel* that the *e)en*antI< Aotion< Au<t @e *enie*.
C1NC:.S/1N
(e)en*ant+,''elant Coughlin here@B re<'ect)ullB reFue<t< all 1r*er<, Con6iction<,
-u*gAent<, ConteA't #in*ing<, =hate6er, <teAAing )roA the No6eA@er "0
th
, 2011 Trial @e Vacate*
or Set ,<i*e or Recon<i*ere*..
,##/R>,T/1N &ur<uant to NRS 2"97.0"0
The un*er<igne* *oe< here@B a))irA that the 'rece*ing *ocuAent *oe< not contain
the <ocial <ecuritB nuA@er o) anB 'er<on.
(,T0( thi< 15
th
(aB o) (eceA@er, 2011
Zach Coughlin
R+<+ Zach Coughlin
(e)en*ant
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00246
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&R11# 1# S0RV/C0
/, Zach Coughlin, *eclare:
1n (eceA@er 12, 2011, /, >r. Zach Coughlin <er6e* the )oregoing Notice o) ,''eal,
>otion to Vacate an* or Set ,<i*e, -CRC& 59, -CRC& !0, >otion )or Recon<i*eration5 >otion )or
Recu<al @B eAailing an* )a$ing an* or 'lacing in the Aail a true co'B thereo) to:
&aAela 9 Ro@ert< CoA'anB: Reno CitB ,ttorneBI< 1))ice CriAinal (i6i<on ,**re<<: &.1. 7o$
1900 Reno , NV 89505 &hone NuA@er: 775""%2050 #a$ nuA@er: 775""%2%20 0Aail:
ro@ert<'Sreno.go6
(,T0( T3/S15th *aB o) (eceA@er, 2011 74:
Zach Coughlin
(e)en*ant
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/N(0C T1 0C3/7/TS:
1. 0C3/7/T 1.
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00250
TD. 84599J57-J07e-4bdb-9Jac-65cJ1ba ,rom, zachcDughlln
11-19-11 5,14pm p. 1 of 91

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Zach Coughlin, Esq.
NVBarNo:9473
Reno, NV 89501
Tele: 775-229-6737
Fax: 949-667-7402
Pro per Defendant! Appellant
COUNTY OF WASHOE. STATE OF NEVADA
CITY OF RENO;
Plaintiff
v.
ZACHARY BARKER COUGHLIN
Defendanl
) Case No:ll CR 2217621
) Dept No: Judge Howard
)
) Notice of Denial of Service: Opposition City
) of Reno's Notice of Denial of Service: Request
) for Clarification Regarding Deadline for Filing
) Motion For New Trial. Other Tolling Motions.
) etc: APP LICA TION FOR DEFERRAL OR
) WAIVER OF COURT FEES AND COST
)
)
)
)
Declaration and Supplement to Mobon tor New Tnal DlTected Verdict Mohon to Set Aside both the Contempt in Court's Presence
Suurruary findjng and the Theft Conviction
Custom Digest - 3 Headnotes
Rust v. Clark County School Dist. 747 P.2d 1380
228 JUDGMENT
228VlI Entry, Record. and Docketing
228k270 k. Necessity for entry.
Nev . 1987
Prior to entry of fmaljudgment, distnct court remains free to reconsider and issue written
judgment different from its oral pronouncement
Central Trust Co ofCahfomia v. Holmes Min. Co., 97 P. 390
Nev.,1908
A judgment is a Judicia1 act of the court, and it is as final when pronounced by the court as
when it is entered and recorded by the clerk as reqwred by the statute; the entry bemg the
ministerial act of the clerk
Notice of enial 0 Service 0 OSltlon Cl cfRe o's Nottce ofDema! ofServiceo Re est for Clari cati Re ardin De dline
for F1J1Ug Motion For New Ilia] Other Tolbng Motions etc
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Custo+ .ig"st & 4"a0not"s
B"rrB <. EquitaDl" >ol0 5in. Co., 91 ,. #37
8 @6.>5EN%
8V33 EntrB, !"cor0, an0 .ocE"ting
8E71 E. 2uthoritB to "nt"r.
N"<.,19$7
2 0"cr"" /or a -"r-"tual inFunction "nt"r"0 DB th" cl"rE Aas <oi0 on its /ac", Ah"r" it Aas unsu--ort"0
"ith"r DB th" <"r0ict r"n0"r"0 or DB an or0"r o/ th" Fu0g" 0ir"cting its "ntrB.

Custo+ .ig"st & 3 4"a0not"s
Stat" ") r"l. N"Aitt <. (ourth @u0icial .ist. Court in an0 /or ElEo CountB, 11 ,.0 44
8 @6.>5EN%
8E7 E. %i+" /or "ntrB in g"n"ral.
N"<.,194
%h" -r"+atur" "ntrB o/ a Fu0g+"nt is not a Furis0ictional 0"/"ct an0 0o"s not a<oi0 th" Fu0g+"nt,
Dut at +ost +aE"s it Girr"gularH an0 G<oi0aDl"H.S"" -uDlication :or0s an0 ,hras"s /or
oth"r Fu0icial constructions an0 0"/initions.
SchultI <. :int"r, 7 N"<. 13$
N"<.,1871
2n or0"r +a0" in th" trial o/ an issu" at laA, i/ a /inal Fu0g+"nt, +aB D" "nt"r"0 in t"r+ or <acation;
Dut such an or0"r, +a0" in <acation, can ha<" no <italitB until, at l"ast, it is 0"li<"r"0
to th" cl"rE /or /iling.

5cClintocE <. 5cClintocE, 138 ,.30 #13
8 @6.>5EN%
8 73 EntrB Nunc ,ro %unc
8E73J1? E. 3n g"n"ral.
N"<.,$$'
.istrict court +aB not us" a nunc -ro tunc or0"r to chang" a Fu0g+"nt actuallB r"n0"r"0 to
on" Ahich th" court n"ith"r r"n0"r"0 nor int"n0"0 to r"n0"r.
S+ith <. E--"rson, 94 ,.0 3'
N"<.,19#'
8DF"ct an0 -ur-os" o/ nunc -ro tunc or0"r is to +aE" r"cor0 s-"aE truth conc"rning acts
alr"a0B 0on". !ul"s o/ Ci<il ,roc"0ur", rul" '$Ja, D?.
2ll"n <. 2ll"n, 7$ ,.0 '71
N"<.,19#4
Ku"stion Ah"th"r nunc -ro tunc or0"r shoul0 D" +a0" 0"-"n0s u-on circu+stanc"s o/ -articular
cas", an0 it is to D" grant"0 or r"/us"0 as Fustic" +aB r"quir".
(inl"B <. (inl"B, 189 ,.0 334
N"<.,1948
%h" oDF"ct o/ a Gnunc -ro tuncH or0"r is to +aE" a r"cor0 s-"aE th" truth conc"rning acts
0on", an0 such or0"r cannot D" +a0" us" o/ nor r"sort"0 to to su--lB o+itt"0 action.S"" -uDlication
:or0s an0 ,hras"s /or oth"r Fu0icial constructions an0 0"/initions.
(inl"B <. (inl"B, 189 ,.0 334
N"<.,1948
%h" -oA"r to or0"r "ntrB o/ Fu0g+"nt nunc -ro tunc cannot D" us"0 to corr"ct Fu0icial "rrors
or o+issions, nor to chang" Fu0g+"nt actuallB r"n0"r"0 to on" Ahich th" court n"ith"r
r"n0"r"0 nor int"n0"0 to r"n0"r.
%alDot <. 5acE, 1'9 ,. #
N"<.,1917
%h" oDF"ct an0 -ur-os" o/ a nunc -ro tunc or0"r is to +aE" a r"cor0 s-"aE th" truth conc"rning
acts alr"a0B 0on", an0 not to su--lB an o+itt"0 action.

Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing ."a0lin"
00251
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EAing <. @"nnings, 1# N"<. 379
8 @6.>5EN%
8E73J? E. (ailur" to "nt"r Fu0g+"nt at ti+" o/ r"n0ition.
N"<.,188$
:h"r" a cl"rE /ails to "nt"r a Fu0g+"nt or0"r"0 DB th" court, it is Aithin th" -oA"r o/ th" court
to or0"r th" Fu0g+"nt to D" "nt"r"0 nunc -ro tunc.

(inl"B <. (inl"B, 189 ,.0 334
8 @6.>5EN%
8E73J3? E. Errors or irr"gulariti"s in -r"<ious "ntrB.
N"<.,1948
Court, in "nt"ring a Fu0g+"nt nunc -ro tunc, +aB in its 0iscr"tion r"lB on its +"+orB as to
Ahat Aas actuallB 0on" an0 +aB r"/r"sh its +"+orB /ro+ anB sourc" it 0""+s r"liaDl".

EAing <. @"nnings, 1# N"<. 379
8 @6.>5EN%
8E73J4? E. E)ist"nc" o/ -r"<ious Fu0g+"nt or or0"r.
N"<.,188$
2 Fu0g+"nt roll containing th" agr""+"nt an0 or0"r /or Fu0g+"nt an0 th" +inut"s o/ th" court
is co+-"t"nt "<i0"nc", t"n0ing to "staDlish th" /acts n"c"ssarB to authoriI" th" court to "nt"r a
Fu0g+"nt nunc -ro tunc.

CulinarB an0 4ot"l S"r<ic" :orE"rs 6nion, 7ocal No. ' <. 4aug"n, 3#7 ,.0 113
8 @6.>5EN%
8E7' E. ,roc""0ings /or "ntrB.
N"<.,19'$
.istrict court rul" Aas "ntitl"0 to "ncourag"+"nt o/ Su-r"+" Court; Dut corr"ction o/ notic"
o/ "ntrB o/ Fu0g+"nt, DB lining out G2-rilH Aith tB-"Arit"r an0 ins"rting G5aBH, 0i0 not 0"stroB
"//"cti<"n"ss o/ notic", "<"n i/ such corr"ction constitut"0 an Gint"rlin"ationH in <iolation
o/ 0istrict court rul". .istrict Court !ul"s, rul"s , suD0. ', 19; Su-r"+" Court !ul"s, rul" ,
suD0. 8; N!C, 'JD?.

(irst Nat. BanE <. 2D"l, 41 ,.0 1$'1
8 @6.>5EN%
8 77 @u0g+"nt !oll or !"cor0
8E79 E. 5att"rs inclu0"0.
N"<.,193#
Co-B o/ Fu0g+"nt, striEing a+"n0"0 co+-laint an0 0is+issing action, /il"0 DB th" cl"rE D"ca+"
-art o/ GFu0g+"nt rollH. Co+-.7aAs 199, L 889.S"" -uDlication :or0s an0 ,hras"s
/or oth"r Fu0icial constructions an0 0"/initions.
>locE <. Elg"s, 1#9 ,. '9
N"<.,191'
@u0g+"nt roll inclu0"s -l"a0ings an0 Fu0g+"nt.
00252
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BurDanE <. !i<"rs, 18 ,. 7#3
8 @6.>5EN%
8E8' E. ."/"cts an0 oDF"ctions.
N"<.,1888
:h"r" th" cl"rE, in "nt"ring an or0"r o<"rruling 0"/"n0antCs +otion /or a n"A trial, "nt"rs 0"/"n0antCs
na+" as G4"nrB !i<"sH an0 G4"nrB !i<"rs,H inst"a0 o/ G(ranE !i<"rs,H 0"/"n0ant is
Doun0 to taE" notic" that th" or0"r Aas +"ant /or his cas".

Blas0"l <. ="an, 8 N"<. 3$#
8 @6.>5EN%
8E87 E. E//"ct o/ "ntrB an0 r"cor0 as D"tA""n -arti"s in g"n"ral.
N"<.,1873
(in0ing an0 r"cital o/ a l"gal s"r<ic" o/ su++ons in a Fu0g+"nt is as +uch a -art o/ th" r"cor0,
an0 "ntitl"0 to th" sa+" cr"0"nc", as th" /il" +arEs o/ th" cl"rE ant"rior to such s"r<ic".

Custo+ .ig"st & ' 4"a0not"s
BoA"rs <. E0Aar0s, 38# ,.0 783
8 @6.>5EN%
8E89 E. Con/lict in r"cor0.
N"<.,19'3
:h"r" th"r" is con/lict D"tA""n +inut" or0"r an0 Fu0g+"nt, th" Fu0g+"nt -r"<ails.
Bushar0 <. :asho" CountB, 9 ,.0 1#'
N"<.,19#1
:h"r" +inut" or0"r o/ 0"cision o/ trial court is at <arianc" Aith /or+al Fu0g+"nt /il"0 th"r"a/t"r,
th" /or+al Fu0g+"nt +ust -r"<ail.
5orti+"r <. ,aci/ic Stat"s Sa<. M 7oan Co., 14# ,.0 733
N"<.,1944
:h"r" th"r" is con/lict D"tA""n a +inut" or0"r an0 a Fu0g+"nt, th" latt"r -r"<ails.
5orti+"r <. ,aci/ic Stat"s Sa<. M 7oan Co., 14# ,.0 733
N"<.,1944
2 /or+al Aritt"n or0"r alloAing /""s to a r"c"i<"rCs attorn"B an0 r"s"r<ing to trial court th"
right to consi0"r anB a00itional alloAanc" Aas not a+Diguous so as to D" go<"rn"0 DB +inut"
or0"r alloAing /""s /or th" cal"n0ar B"ar an0 r"s"r<ing to trial court th" right to /i) /utur" /""s
/or /utur" s"r<ic"s.
Blas0"l <. ="an, 8 N"<. 3$#
N"<.,1873
E<"rB l"gal int"n0+"nt is in /a<or o/ th" <ali0itB o/ a Fu0g+"nt, Ah"r" th"r" is a con/lict in
th" r"cor0 as to 0u" s"r<ic" o/ su++ons.

2+"rican @uris-ru0"nc", S"con0 E0ition
.ataDas" u-0at"0 No<"+D"r $11
@u0g+"nts
Christina J6ranIa? Cri+i, @...; 7aura 4unt"r .i"tI, @...; %racB (arr"ll, @...; 2lan @. @acoDs,
@...; !ach"l =an", @...; :illia+ 7in0sl"B, @...; @"// @. Sha+-o, @...; Eric Sur"tt", @...; an0
SuIann" 7. Bail"B, @..., %ho+as @. CI"lusta, @..., an0 @ohn !. ="nn"l, @... o/ th" National
7"gal !"s"arch >rou-, 3nc.
33. !"n0ition
2. >"n"ral Consi0"rations
1. 3n >"n"ral
%o-ic Su++arB Corr"lation %aDl" !"/"r"nc"s
00253
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L #9. 5ann"r o/ -ronounc"+"nt
:"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st
:"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st, ("0"ral Ci<il ,roc"0ur" '1
:"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st, @u0g+"nt 191, 1#
2 r"n0ition o/ Fu0g+"nt can occur in +or" than on" +ann"r.N1O 3n so+" Furis0ictions,
r"n0ition o/ Fu0g+"nt is th" courtCs -ronounc"+"nt DB s-oE"n Aor0 in o-"n court or DB Aritt"n
or0"r /il"0 Aith th" cl"rE o/ its 0"cision u-on th" +att"r suD+itt"0 to it /or a0Fu0ication.N
O 3t is also sai0 that r"n0ition o/ Fu0g+"nt occurs Ah"n th" court +aE"s an oral -ronounc"+"nt
in o-"n court an0 acco+-ani"s that -ronounc"+"nt Aith a notation on th" trial 0ocE"t or, in
th" alt"rnati<", Ah"n so+" Aritt"n notation o/ th" Fu0g+"nt is /il"0 in th" r"cor0s o/ th"
court.N3O 2ccor0inglB, in so+" Furis0ictions an oral +ani/"station o/ th" 0"cision is r"gar0"0
as su//ici"nt /or a Fu0g+"nt at laA to D"co+" o-"rati<".N4O (or th" trial court to "//"cti<"lB
r"n0"r Fu0g+"nt in o-"n court, it +ust 0o so in s-oE"n Aor0, not in +"r" cognition,N#O an0 th"
trial courtCs oral -ronounc"+"nt +ust cl"arlB in0icat" th" int"nt to r"n0"r Fu0g+"nt at th" ti+"
th" Aor0s ar" ")-r"ss"0.N'O :h"r" oral r"n0ition o/ a Fu0g+"nt is -ro-"r, i/ th" trial court
signs a Fu0g+"nt on an issu" Aithout /irst +aEing an oral -ronounc"+"nt in o-"n court, th"
act o/ signing th" Fu0g+"nt is th" o//icial act o/ r"n0"ring Fu0g+"nt.N7O :h"n a trial court orallB
r"n0"rs a Fu0g+"nt that 0is-os"s o/ so+" o/ th" issu"s in a -artBCs -l"a0ing, Dut is sil"nt
on oth"rs, a lat"r sign"0 Fu0g+"nt that 0is-os"s o/ an a00itional issu", Ahil" onlB a PAritt"n
+"+oran0u+P o/ th" oral Fu0g+"nt, is a r"n0ition o/ Fu0g+"nt on th" issu" a00r"ss"0 /or th"
/irst ti+" in th" Aritt"n Fu0g+"nt.N8O
Caution:
2n announc"+"nt o/ Fu0g+"nt in o-"n court +"r"lB constitut"s a r"n0"ring o/ th" Fu0g+"nt,
not an "ntrB o/ Fu0g+"nt.N9O
4' 2+. @ur. 0 @u0g+"nts L #9
3n oth"r Furis0ictions, hoA"<"r, +"r" oral -ronounc"+"nt DB th" court o/ its 0"cision is not
th" r"n0ition o/ a Fu0g+"nt,N1$O an0 it has D""n sai0 that a trial courtCs oral -ronounc"+"nt is
not a Fu0g+"nt until it is -ut in Ariting an0 "nt"r"0 as th" Fu0g+"nt,N11O that a Fu0g" 0o"s not
r"n0"r th" Fu0g+"nt until h" or sh" signs a Aritt"n notation o/ th" r"li"/ grant"0 or 0"ni"0,N1O
an0 that a Fu0g+"nt is not r"n0"r"0 until it is sign"0.N13O 2+ong th" r"asons stat"0 /or not r"cogniIing
an oral -ronounc"+"nt DB th" court as th" r"n0ition o/ Fu0g+"nt ar" that: J1? th"r"
is no -ractical +ann"r in Ahich to ")"cut" an oral Fu0g+"nt; J? an oral Fu0g+"nt cannot D"
/il"0 in th" court o/ anoth"r countB or stat"; an0 J3? th"r" is no +"chanis+ DB Ahich an oral
Fu0g+"nt can D"co+" a li"n on th" -ro-"rtB o/ th" Fu0g+"nt 0"Dtor.N14O
8Ds"r<ation:
,rior to th" "ntrB o/ a /inal Fu0g+"nt, a court r"+ains /r"" to r"consi0"r an0 issu" a Aritt"n
Fu0g+"nt 0i//"r"nt /ro+ its oral -ronounc"+"nt.N1#O
C65672%3VE S6,,7E5EN%
Cas"s:
%h" +"r" oral announc"+"nt o/ a Fu0g+"nt Aithout an "ntrB on th" trial 0ocE"t is not th"
r"n0ition o/ a Fu0g+"nt, /or th" -ur-os"s o/ a--"al; /or a /inal Fu0g+"nt to ")ist, th"r" +ust D"
an or0"r that is Doth sign"0 DB th" court an0 /il"0 sta+-"0 an0 0at"0 DB th" cl"rE o/ th" court.
=ilgor" <. N"DrasEa ."-t. o/ 4"alth an0 4u+an S"r<ic"s, 77 N"D. 4#', 7'3 N.:.0 77
J$$9?.
NEN. 8( S6,,7E5EN%O
N(N1O 4ornig <. 5art"l 7i/t SBst"+s, 3nc., #8 N"D. 7'4, '$' N.:.0 7'4 J$$$?.
N(NO @on"s <. 4uDDar0, 3#' 50. #13, 74$ 2.0 1$$4 J1999?; Barton <. >ill"s-i",
$$# :7 1#4$1#' J%"). 2--. 4ouston 1st .ist. $$#?.
N(N3O 4ornig <. 5art"l 7i/t SBst"+s, 3nc., #8 N"D. 7'4, '$' N.:.0 7'4 J$$$?.
2lthough a Fu0g+"nt is r"n0"r"0 an0 ")ists as such Ah"n it is orallB announc"0 /ro+
th" D"nch, an0 D"/or" it has D""n r"0uc"0 to Ariting an0 "nt"r"0 DB th" cl"rE, as a g"n"ral
rul" a Fu0g+"nt +ust D" r"0uc"0 to Ariting. Bau+an <. 5a-l" Vall"B Co++unitB
School .ist., '49 N.:.0 9 J3oAa $$?.
N(N4O 6.S. <. 4unt, #13 (.0 19 J1$th Cir. 197#?; >or0on <. >or0on, 39$ S.:.0
#83 J5o. Ct. 2--. 19'#?; :ittau <. Stori", 14# S.:.30 73 J%"). 2--. (ort :orth
$$4?.
# Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing ."a0lin"
00254
1
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3
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6
7
8
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19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
N(N#O @a+"s <. 4uDDar0, 1 S.:.30 ##8 J%"). 2--. San 2ntonio $$$?.
N(N'O 3n r" 2.B., 1# S.:.30 7'9 J%"). 2--. %")arEana $$3?, r"<i"A 0"ni"0, J5ar.
19, $$4?.
N(N7O :ittau <. Stori", 14# S.:.30 73 J%"). 2--. (ort :orth $$4?.
N(N8O :ittau <. Stori", 14# S.:.30 73 J%"). 2--. (ort :orth $$4?.
N(N9O Santana <. Santana, '14 S.E.0 438 JN.C. Ct. 2--. $$#?.
2s to "ntrB o/ Fu0g+"nt 0istinguish"0, s"" L '$.
N(N1$O !ust <. ClarE CountB School .ist., 1$3 N"<. '8', 747 ,.0 138$, 44 E0. 7aA
!"-. 73' J1987?; 5ontano <. Encinias, 1$3 N.5. #1#, 7$9 ,.0 1$4 J198#?; S-arEl"
7aun0rB M Cl"an"rs, 3nc. <. ="lton, #9# S.:.0 88, 8 6.C.C. !"-. S"r<. 1#31 J%"nn.
Ct. 2--. 1979?.
N(N11O StoE"r <. B"ll"+"a0", 77C, 7 >a. 2--. 817, '1# S.E.0 1 J$$#?, c"rt.
0"ni"0, JS"-t. 19, $$#?.
N(N1O 5u+in <. 4art, 9 N"D. 2--. 4$4, '1 N.:.0 '1 J$$$?.
N(N13O Stat" ") r"l. 2.S.=., 77# So. 0 11$1 J7a. Ct. 2--. 4th Cir. $$$?.
N(N14O 5c2t""r <. St"Aart, '9' ,.0 7 J:Bo. 198#?.
2s to Fu0g+"nt li"ns, s"" LL 34 to 384.
N(N1#O !ust <. ClarE CountB School .ist., 1$3 N"<. '8', 747 ,.0 138$, 44 E0. 7aA
!"-. 73' J1987?.
Q $11 %ho+son !"ut"rs. 33&34B Q $11 %ho+son !"ut"rs1!32. No Clai+ to 8rig. 6.S.
>o<t. :orEs. 2ll rights r"s"r<"0.
25@6! @6.>5EN%S L #9

2+"rican @uris-ru0"nc", S"con0 E0ition
.ataDas" u-0at"0 No<"+D"r $11
N"A %rial
@ohn !. ="nn"l, @..., o/ th" sta// o/ th" National 7"gal !"s"arch >rou-, 3nc.
V. ,roc"0ur"
B. %i+" /or 5aEing 2--lication
3. 6n0"r ("0"ral !ul"s o/ Ci<il ,roc"0ur"
%o-ic Su++arB Corr"lation %aDl" !"/"r"nc"s
L 379. Co++"nc"+"nt o/ -"rio0
:"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st, N"A %rial 11'.
2.7.!. 7iDrarB
5otions /or n"A trial:ti+" li+itations un0"r !ul" #9JD? o/ ("0"ral !ul"s o/ Ci<il ,roc"0ur",
4# 2.7.!. ("0. 1$4
%h" 1$&0aB -"rio0 un0"r th" -ro<ision o/ th" ("0"ral !ul"s o/ Ci<il ,roc"0ur" -"rtaining
to th" ti+" /or +aEing n"A trial +otionsN1O co++"nc"s to run /ro+ th" "ntrB o/ a /inal Fu0g+"nt,N
O not /ro+ th" r"n0ition o/ an int"rlocutorB Fu0g+"nt.N3O
,ractic" >ui0":
%h" 1$&0aB -"rio0 is to D" co+-ut"0 in accor0anc" Aith th" -ro<ision o/ th" ("0"ral !ul"s o/
Ci<il ,roc"0ur" go<"rning th" co+-utation o/ ti+" g"n"rallB.N4O
2n a+"n0"0 Fu0g+"nt su-"rs"0"s a -rior Fu0g+"nt, so that th" 1$&0aB -"rio0 D"gins to
run an"A a/t"r "ntrB o/ th" a+"n0"0 Fu0g+"nt.N#O
N(N1O ("0. !. Ci<. ,. #9JD?.
N(NO SaAB"r <. 2tlantic .iscount Cor-., 44 (.0 349 J4th Cir. 1971?; 3shiEaAa <.
2ch"son, 9$ (. Su--. 713 J.. 4aA. 19#$?.
%h" 1$&0aB -"rio0 /or th" s"r<ing o/ a +otion /or a n"A trial D"gan to run u-on "ntrB
or 0ocE"ting o/ th" Fu0g+"nt, rath"r than /ro+ th" /iling o/ th" Fu0g+"nt. %iF"rina <.
,l"ntl, 984 (.0 148, 4 ("0. !. S"r<. 30 189 J#th Cir. 1993?.
#8 2+. @ur. 0 N"A %rial L 379
N(N3O :arn"r <. !ossignol, #13 (.0 '78 J1st Cir. 197#?; 5anos <. %rans :orl0 2irlin"s,
3nc., 34 (. Su--. 47$ JN... 3ll. 1971?.
N(N4O ("0. !. Ci<. ,. 'Ja?.
N(N#O Cornist <. !ichlan0 ,arish School B0., 479 (.0 37 J#th Cir. 1973?.
' Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing ."a0lin"
00255
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
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16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Q $11 %ho+son !"ut"rs. 33&34B Q $11 %ho+son !"ut"rs1!32. No Clai+ to 8rig. 6.S.
>o<t. :orEs. 2ll rights r"s"r<"0.
25@6! NE:%!327 L 379

Cor-us @uris S"cun0u+
.ataDas" u-0at"0 ."c"+D"r $11
@u0g+"nts
(rancis C. 2+"n0ola, @..., ,aul 5. Colto//, @..., @ohn >l"nn, @..., @anic" 4olD"n, @..., @ohn
!. ="nn"l, @..., o/ th" sta// o/ th" National 7"gal !"s"arch >rou-, 3nc., Eric 7arsson, @...,
St"-h"n 7"as", @..., @acE =. 7"<in, @..., :illia+ 7in0sl"B, @..., 7ucas 5artin, @..., Eric
5aB"r, @..., %o+ 5usEus, @..., =arl 8aE"s, @..., Eric C. Sur"tt", @..., 2lan :ass"rstro+,
@..., 2lan :"inst"in, @...
V33. !"n0ition, EntrB, !"cor0, an0 .ocE"ting
B. EntrB o/ @u0g+"nt
%o-ic Su++arB !"/"r"nc"s Corr"lation %aDl"
L 144. N"c"ssitB
:"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st, @u0g+"nt 7$
:"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st, @u0g+"nt 93
2lthough as D"tA""n th" -arti"s a 0ulB r"n0"r"0 Fu0g+"nt +aB D" <ali0 an0 "//"cti<"
Aithout "ntrB, an0 its "n/orc"+"nt 0o"s not alAaBs 0"-"n0 on its "ntrB, /or +anB -ur-os"s
Fu0g+"nts ar" not co+-l"t", -"r/"ct, an0 "//"cti<" until th"B ar" "nt"r"0.
2s a g"n"ral rul", th" 0"cisions o/ all courts +ust D" -r"s"r<"0 in Ariting in so+" r"cor0
-ro<i0"0 /or that -ur-os".N1O
2s D"tA""n th" -arti"s, a Fu0g+"nt 0ulB r"n0"r"0 +aB D" <ali0 an0 "//"cti<", although not
"nt"r"0, that is, th" cl"rECs n"gl"ct or /ailur" to +aE" a -ro-"r "ntrB o/ th" Fu0g+"nt, or 0"/"cti<"
or inaccurat" "ntrB o/ it, at l"ast in th" aDs"nc" o/ statut" to th" contrarB, Aill not 0"-ri<" it
o/ th" /orc" o/ a Fu0icial 0"cision.NO %h" "n/orc"+"nt o/ a Fu0g+"nt 0o"s not 0"-"n0 on its
"ntrB.N3O
4oA"<"r, /or +anB -ur-os"s a Fu0g+"nt is not co+-l"t", -"r/"ct, an0 "//"cti<" until it has
D""n 0ulB "nt"r"0.N4O %hus, it has D""n Droa0lB h"l0 that Fu0g+"nts taE" "//"ct onlB /ro+ th"
0at" o/ "ntrBN#O an0 that th"r" is no Fu0g+"nt until it is "nt"r"0 o/ r"cor0.N'O
2 rul" go<"rning r"n0ition an0 "ntrB o/ Fu0g+"nts an0 or0"rs oDlit"rat"s anB 0istinction
D"tA""n th" +inist"rial act o/ "ntrB an0 th" Fu0icial act o/ r"n0ition o/ Fu0g+"nt an0 +aE"s
th" o-"rati<" "<"nt th" act o/ th" Fu0g".N7O
EntrB o/ a Fu0g+"nt +aB D" r"quir"0 Aithin Ahich th" Fu0g+"nt +aB D" "n/orc"0, as consi0"r"0N
8O or /or th" cr"ation o/ a Fu0g+"nt li"n.N9O
49 C.@.S. @u0g+"nts L 144
2 Fu0g+"nt is not /inal, in th" s"ns" that it cannot D" Aith0raAn or chang"0 DB th" court,
until it has D""n "nt"r"0.N1$O 8n "ntrB, a Fu0g+"nt -ass"s D"Bon0 control o/ th" court, ")c"-t
to <acat" or +o0i/B it in accor0anc" Aith th" usual rul"s.N11O
3n or0"r that a Fu0g+"nt +aB D" a0+itt"0 as "<i0"nc" in anoth"r action, it is n"c"ssarB that
it shoul0 /irst ha<" D""n "nt"r"0 o/ r"cor0.N1O
N(N1O (la.R5agnant <. ,"acocE, 1#' (la. '88, 4 So. 0 314 J194#?.
=B.RNational 7i/" M 2cc. 3ns. Co. <. 4"0g"s, 33 =B. 84$, 7 S.:.0 4 J193$?.
5iss.RE<ans <. Stat", 144 5iss. 1, 1$8 So. 7# J19'?.
N.@.R 7BcIaE <. 5arguli"s, 8 N.@. 5isc. #49, 1#1 2. '4 JSu-. Ct. 193$?, a//C0, 1$9
N.@.7. 3#, 1' 2. #9$ JN.@. Ct. Err. M 2--. 193?.
2s to n"c"ssitB /or "ntrB o/ Fu0g+"nts DB con/"ssion, s"" L 18.
2s to n"c"ssitB /or Ariting, s"" L 1$'.
N(NO >a.R."cE <. ."cE, 193 >a. 739, $ S.E.0 1 J194?.
3ll.RCirro :r"cEing Co. <. !o--olo, 1#3 3ll. 0 ', 178 3ll. ."c. 7#$, '$# N.E.0 #44
J199?.
3n0.R%ancos <. 2.:., 3nc., #$ N.E.0 1$9 J3n0. Ct. 2--. 198'?.
5o.R5ars0"n <. Ni--, 3# 5o. 8, 3$ S.:.0 77 J193$?.
8hioR 4oA"r Cor-. <. Vanc", 144 8hio St. 443, 3$ 8hio 8-. 38, #9 N.E.0 377
00256
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
J194#?.
8Ela.R."-uB <. 4o"+", 1989 8= 4, 77# ,.0 1339 J8Ela. 1989?.
%").R5aB/i"l0 <. San @acinto Sa<. 2ssCn, 788 S.:.0 119 J%"). 2--. 4ouston 14th
.ist. 199$?, Arit 0"ni"0, J@ulB 3, 199$?.
N(N3O Conn.R.C2n0r"a <. !"n0", 13 Conn. 377, 19# 2. 741 J1937?.
=an.R>at"s <. >at"s, 1'$ =an. 48, 1'3 ,.0 39# J194#?.
N(N4O 6.S.R3n r" Bunt, 1'# B.!. 894 JBanEr. E... 2rE. 1994?R3n r" Ci+arron Nursing
C"nt"r, 143 B.!. #78, 18 6.C.C. !"-. S"r<. 0 9'# JBanEr. :... 8Ela. 199?.
2rE.R =o"lI"r <. Bagl"B, 13 2rE. 2--. 48, '8$ S.:.0 111, E0. 7aA !"-. #74
J1984?.
Cal.R3n r" 5arriag" o/ 5icaliIio, 199 Cal. 2--. 30 '', 4# Cal. !-tr. '73 J4th .ist.
1988?.
(la.RCincinnati EquitaDl" 3ns. Co. <. 4aAit, 933 So. 0 133 J(la. .ist. Ct. 2--. 30
.ist. $$'?.
>a.RZ"it+an <. 5cBraB"r, $1 >a. 2--. 7'7, 41 S.E.0 87 J1991?.
3ll.R8C>ra0B <. CooE CountB Sh"ri//Cs 5"rit B0., $4 3ll. 2--. 30 #8, 149 3ll. ."c.
#3$, #'1 N.E.0 1' J1st .ist. 199$?.
=an.R5att"r o/ 5arriag" o/ :ilson, 13 =an. 2--. 0 91, 7'8 ,.0 83# J1989?, Fu0g+"nt
a//C0, 4# =an. 178, 777 ,.0 773 J1989?.
8hioR7a+ar <. 5arDurB, '9 8hio St. 0 74, 3 8hio 8-. 30 '9, 431 N.E.0 1$8
J198?.
%").R!ani"r <. BroAn, '3 S.:.0 '8 J%"). Ci<. 2--. 4ouston 1st .ist. 1981?.
N(N#O 2riI.RSouthA"st"rn (r"ight 7in"s <. Sha/"r, #7 2riI. 111, 111 ,.0 '# J1941?
.
Cal.R7in0 <. BaE"r, 48 Cal. 2--. 0 34, 119 ,.0 8$' J4th .ist. 1941?.
N.5.RStat" <. Ca-ital CitB BanE, 31 N.5. 43$, 4' ,. 899 J19'?.
2s to 0at" o/ Fu0g+"nt, s"" L 149.
N(N'O 2lasEaR:allac" <. %urn"r, $$4 :7 1#88# J2lasEa $$4?.
(la.R5agnant <. ,"acocE, 1#' (la. '88, 4 So. 0 314 J194#?.
>a.R%it"l+an <. St"0+an, 77 >a. 4'$, #91 S.E.0 774 J$$3?.
3ll.R3n 3nt"r"st o/ =.S., #$ 3ll. 2--. 30 8', 189 3ll. ."c. #3$, '$ N.E.0 498 J4th
.ist. 1993?.
=B.RBatts <. 3llinois C"nt. !. Co., 17 S.:.30 881 J=B. Ct. 2--. $$7?.
50.R%i"rco 5arBlan0, 3nc. <. :illia+s, 381 50. 378, 849 2.0 #$4 J$$4?.
5iss.RS+ith <. ,arE"rson 7u+D"r, 3nc., 89$ So. 0 83 J5iss. $$3?.
N.C.R4illiar0 <. 4illiar0, 14' N.C. 2--. 7$9, ##4 S.E.0 374 J$$1?.
N"D.R!os"n 2uto 7"asing, 3nc. <. @or0an, 1# N"D. 2--. 1, 7$ N.:.0 911 J$$'?.
N.5.RKuintana <. Vigil, 4' N.5. $$, 1# ,.0 711 J194? Jo<"rrul"0 DB, E<ans (inancial
Cor-. <. Strass"r, 99 N.5. 788, ''4 ,.0 98' J1983??.
8hioR 4oA"r Cor-. <. Vanc", 144 8hio St. 443, 3$ 8hio 8-. 38, #9 N.E.0 377
J194#?.
8r.R,atricE <. 8tt"+an, 1#8 8r. 2--. 17#, 974 ,.0 17 J1999?.
,a.RClinton <. >il"s, 719 2.0 314 J,a. Su-"r. Ct. 1998?.
%"nn.RBlacEDurn <. BlacEDurn, 7$ S.:.30 4 J%"nn. $$8?.
%").R3n r" Bill 4"ar0 Ch"<rol"t, 7t0., $9 S.:.30 311 J%"). 2--. 4ouston 1st .ist.
$$'?.
:.Va.R Stat" ") r"l. :"st Virginia ."-t. 8/ 4"alth 2n0 4u+an !"sourc"s, Chil0
Su--ort En/orc"+"nt .i<ision <. Varn"B, 1 :. Va. #17, '## S.E.0 #39 J$$7?.
E//"ct o/ /ailur"
%h" rul" go<"rning -ro-os"0 or0"rs or Fu0g+"nts suD+itt"0 /or th" courtCs signatur",
an0 -ro<i0ing that a /ailur" to suD+it a Fu0g+"nt ti+"lB is 0""+"0 aDan0on+"nt,
s-"aEs to th" -"rio0 Aithin Ahich a -ro-os"0 or0"r or Fu0g+"nt r"/l"cting th" 0is-osition
o/ a +otion or +att"r +ust D" 0raAn DB a -artB, an0 0o"s not a--lB to s"r<ic" o/
th" Fu0g+"nt Aith notic" o/ "ntrB u-on an o--osing -artB.
N.9.RCo) <. CitB 8/ Niagara (alls, 89 2...0 978, 734 N.9.S.0 8$ J4th ."-Ct
$$1?.
00257
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
N(N7O 2la.RS+ith <. @acEson, 77$ So. 0 1$'8 J2la. $$$?.
N(N8O LL 1'#, 13'9, 137$.
N(N9O L 77'.
N(N1$O Cal.R3n r" 5arriag" o/ 5icaliIio, 199 Cal. 2--. 30 '', 4# Cal. !-tr. '73
J4th .ist. 1988?.
3ll.R3n r" 5arriag" o/ .Aan, 1$8 3ll. 2--. 30 8$8, '4 3ll. ."c. 34$, 439 N.E.0 1$$#
J1st .ist. 198?.
N"<.R!ust <. ClarE CountB School .ist., 1$3 N"<. '8', 747 ,.0 138$, 44 E0. 7aA
!"-. 73' J1987?.
N.5.RKuintana <. Vigil, 4' N.5. $$, 1# ,.0 711 J194? Jo<"rrul"0 DB, E<ans (inancial
Cor-. <. Strass"r, 99 N.5. 788, ''4 ,.0 98' J1983??.
8hioR2tEinson <. >ru++an 8hio Cor-., 37 8hio St. 30 8$, #3 N.E.0 8#1 J1988?.
8Ela.R."-uB <. 4o"+", 1989 8= 4, 77# ,.0 1339 J8Ela. 1989?.
N(N11O 8Ela.R."-uB <. 4o"+", 1989 8= 4, 77# ,.0 1339 J8Ela. 1989?.
%"nn.R Broa0AaB 5otor Co. <. ,uDlic (ir" 3ns. Co., 1 %"nn. 2--. 78, 193$ :7
1'9' J193$?.
N(N1O 2la.R5t. V"rnon&:oo0D"rrB 5ills <. 6nion S-rings >uano Co., 9 2la. 91,
1## So. 71' J1934?.
N"D.R7uiEart <. Br"0thau"r, 13 N"D. ', 71 N.:. 1'# J1937?.
8Ela.R."-uB <. 4o"+", 1989 8= 4, 77# ,.0 1339 J8Ela. 1989?.
:"stlaA. Q $11 %ho+son !"ut"rs. No Clai+ to 8rig. 6.S. >o<t. :orEs.
C@S @6.>5EN%S L 144

2--"al an0 Error
,aul 5. Colto//, @..., @ohn >l"nn, @..., >l"n0a =. 4arna0, @... o/ th" sta// o/ th" National
7"gal !"s"arch >rou-, 3nc., @ohn !. ="nn"l, @..., o/ th" sta// o/ th" National 7"gal !"s"arch
>rou-, 3nc., 5ich"l" 4ugh"s, @..., 2nn" =nicE"rDocE"r, @..., @acE =. 7"<in, @..., %ho+as
5usEus, @..., =i+D"rlB C. Si++ons, @..., Eric C. Sur"tt", @..., BarDara Van 2rs0al", @...,
EliIaD"th :illia+s, @...
V333. !"quisit"s an0 ,roc""0ings /or %rans/"r o/ Caus"
>. EntrB or .ocE"ting
L #$$. >"n"rallB
:"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st, 2--"al an0 Error 431
6n0"r so+" statut"s or rul"s o/ court, th" a--"al or Arit o/ "rror +ust D" -ro-"rlB "nt"r"0,
r"cor0"0, or 0ocE"t"0 in or0"r to -"r/"ct th" a--"llat" -roc""0ings.
6n0"r so+" statut"s or rul"s, "ntrB, r"cor0ing, or 0ocE"ting in th" a--"llat" court is n"c"ssarB
to -"r/"ct th" a--"al.N1O
%h" r"quir"+"nt o/ 0ocE"ting is not Furis0ictionalNO an0 Ah"r" an a--"llant has 0on" all
that is r"quir"0 o/ hi+ or h"r to -rocur" an "ntrB o/ th" a--"al, th" cl"rECs /ailur" to "nt"r it
Aill not caus" a 0is+issal or oth"rAis" a//"ct th" a--"llantCs rights.N3O
2n a--"ll"" +aB Aai<" th" r"quir"0 0ilig"nc" in "nt"ring or 0ocE"ting th" a--"al.N4O
:ai<"r o/ an insu//ici"nt "ntrB, or o/ 0"laB in "nt"ring or 0ocE"ting +aB D" i+-li"0 /ro+ suDs"qu"nt
action on th" a--"ll""Cs -art inconsist"nt Aith an int"ntion to taE" a0<antag" o/ th" insu//ici"ncB
or 0"laB.N#O 2n "sto--"l to clai+ an insu//ici"nt "ntrB +aB D" "staDlish"0 DB such
Aor0s or acts on th" -art o/ a--"ll"" as Aill r"asonaDlB Fusti/B th" a--"llant, through r"lianc"
on th" Aor0s or acts, in r"/raining /ro+ "nt"ring his or h"r a--"al.N'O
N(N1O (la.RBrooEs <. 5ia+i BanE M %rust Co., 11# (la. 141, 1## So. 1#7 J1934?.
7a.RKu""n 3ns. Co. o/ 2+"rica <. Blo+"nsti"l, 1'$ So. 1'9 J7a. Ct. 2--. 1st Cir.
193#?.
5ass.R5arshall <. Stratus ,har+ac"uticals, 3nc., #1 5ass. 2--. Ct. ''7, 749 N.E.0
4 C.@.S. 2--"al an0 Error L #$$
'98 J$$1?.
00258
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
(iling
5".R,"rsson <. ."-art+"nt o/ 4u+an S"r<ic"s, $$1 5E 14, 77# 2.0 3'3 J5".
$$1?.
N(NO 2la.R4.C. Sch+i"0ing ,ro0uc" Co., 3nc. <. Cagl", #9 So. 0 43, 7 6.C.C.
!"-. S"r<. 0 '7' J2la. 1988?.
N(N3O Colo.R,"o-l" ") r"l. ."n<"r Engin""rsC Su--lB Co. <. .istrict Court o/ CitB
an0 CountB o/ ."n<"r, 33 Colo. 41', 8$ ,. 1$'9 J19$#?.
N.C.RSi++ons <. 2llison, 119 N.C. ##', ' S.E. 171 J189'?.
N(N4O (la.R>arrison <. ,arsons, 41 (la. 143, # So. 33' J1899?.
N(N#O 5inn.R3n r" Bra0BCs Estat", 7$ 5inn. 437, 73 N.:. 14# J1897?.
N(N'O 5inn.R3n r" Bra0BCs Estat", 7$ 5inn. 437, 73 N.:. 14# J1897?.
8hioR=ing <. ,"nn, 43 8hio St. #7, 1 N.E. 84 J188#?.
C@S 2,,E27E!! L #$$

E)"cutions
>l"n0a =. 4arna0, @..., o/ th" sta// o/ th" National 7"gal !"s"arch >rou-, 3nc., 2lan @. @acoDs,
@..., Eric 5aB"r, %o+ 5usEus, @..., =arl 8aE"s, @..., @"//r"B @. Sha+-o, @...
3. 3n >"n"ral
B. @u0g+"nt, ."cr"", or 8r0"r as Basis o/ :rit
L . !"n0ition an0 "ntrB o/ 0ocE"ting
:"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st, E)"cution 9
:hil" in so+" Furis0ictions an o//icial "ntrB or 0ocE"ting is a con0ition -r"c"0"nt to th"
right to th" Arit, in oth"rs such "ntrB or 0ocE"ting is not "ss"ntial to "naDl" a -artB to issu" an
")"cution on a Fu0g+"nt that has D""n 0ulB r"n0"r"0.
:hil" th" "ntrB or 0ocE"ting o/ a Fu0g+"nt is n"c"ssarB to cr"at" a li"n,N1O at co++on laA
an ")"cution is issuaDl" on th" signing o/ a /inal Fu0g+"nt an0 D"/or" its "ntrB o/ r"cor0,
-ro<i0ing th"r" is no Arit o/ "rror -"n0ing or agr""+"nt to th" contrarB,NO an0, in +anB Furis0ictions,
such "ntrB or 0ocE"ting is not "ss"ntial to "naDl" a -artB to issu" an ")"cution th"r"on
i/ th" Fu0g+"nt oth"rAis" has D""n 0ulB r"n0"r"0.N3O 5or"o<"r, th" /ailur" o/ th" cl"rE to
"nt"r o/ r"cor0 th" Fu0g+"nt r"n0"r"0 Aithin anB -articular ti+" 0o"s not r"n0"r in<ali0 an
")"cution <ali0 Ah"n issu"0.N4O :h"r" statut"s so -ro<i0", "ntrB o/ th" <"r0ict in th" +inut"s
Aill sustain an ")"cution issu"0 D"/or" "ntrB o/ th" Fu0g+"nt.N#O
3n so+" Furis0ictions, on th" oth"r han0, DB <irtu" o/ statut"s or oth"rAis", an o//icial
"ntrB or 0ocE"ting is a con0ition -r"c"0"nt to th" right to th" Arit,N'O "s-"ciallB Ah"r" th"
Fu0g+"nt is DB con/"ssion.N7O Statut"s r"quiring "ntrB o/ Fu0g+"nt as a con0ition -r"c"0"nt 0o
not, hoA"<"r, inclu0" +aEing u- th" Fu0g+"nt roll,N8O an0 th" g"n"ral rul" is that ")"cution
+aB issu" D"/or" /iling or +aEing u- th" Fu0g+"nt roll,N9O Dut such a r"quir"+"nt is not uni<"rsal.N
1$O 3/ th" statut" +"r"lB r"quir"s an "ntrB o/ th" Fu0g+"nt, it has D""n /oun0 that it
n""0 not D" 0ocE"t"0.N11O
%i+" o/ "ntrB an0 "//"ct o/ /ailur" to "nt"r.
%h" ti+" Ah"n th" Fu0g+"nt +ust D" "nt"r"0, Ah"r" n"c"ssarB, is g"n"rallB r"gulat"0 DB
statutorB -ro<isions, an0 /iling Aithin such ti+" Aill -"r+it issuanc" o/ ")"cution.N1O 2n
"ntrB nunc -ro tunc is su//ici"nt to su--ort an0 <ali0at" an ")"cution, an0 th" irr"gularitB o/
issuing ")"cution D"/or" "ntrB o/ Fu0g+"nt g"n"rallB +aB D" cur"0 DB suDs"qu"nt "ntrB o/ th"
Fu0g+"nt.N13O 3n a00ition, /or th" -ur-os" o/ th" <ali0itB o/ an ")"cution, a Fu0g+"nt "nt"r"0
33 C.@.S. E)"cutions L
in t"r+ ti+" Aill D" -r"su+"0 to ha<" D""n "nt"r"0 0uring th" actual s"ssion o/ th" court,N14O
an0 a /ailur" to +aE" /or+al "ntrB is an irr"gularitB that +aB D" Aai<"0 DB /ailing to +aE" a
+otion to <acat" until s"<"ral +onths a/t"r th" ")"cution has D""n issu"0.N1#O >"n"rallB, th"
/ailur" /or+allB to "nt"r or 0ocE"t th" Fu0g+"nt D"/or" issuing ")"cution r"n0"rs th" ")"cution
<oi0aDl" onlB,N1'O although Ah"r" th" "ntrB is "ss"ntial to th" ")ist"nc" o/ a <ali0 Fu0g+"nt,
00259
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
an ")"cution issu"0 -rior th"r"to is <oi0.N17O
."/"cti<" "ntrB.
:h"r" th" a+ount o/ th" Fu0g+"nt ina0<"rt"ntlB is o+itt"0 /ro+ th" Fu0g+"nt "ntrB, a
corr"ction nunc -ro tunc <ali0at"s an ")"cution -r"<iouslB issu"0.N18O
!"gist"r"0 Fu0g+"nt.
:h"r" a Fu0g+"nt is r"gist"r"0 /or th" -ur-os" o/ cr"ating a li"n, th" ")"cution is n"<"rth"l"ss
issu"0 on th" original Fu0g+"nt.N19O
N(N1O C.@.S., @u0g+"nts L #'.
N(NO N.5.R>onIal"I <. >onIal"I, 1$3 N.5. 1#7, 7$3 ,.0 934 JCt. 2--. 198#?.
N(N3O 7a.R5ont"l"-r", 3nc. <. ,/ist"r, 3## So. 0 '#4 J7a. Ct. 2--. 4th Cir. 1978?.
5o.R(i"l0"r <. (i"l0"r, '71 S.:.0 4$8 J5o. Ct. 2--. E... 1984?.
N(N4O 3ll.R,"o-l" ") r"l. 4olDrooE <. ,"tit, '' 3ll. '8, 1$7 N.E. 83$ J191#?.
N(N#O N.@.RE--s <. BoA"n, 118 N.@.7. #$, 191 2. 11$ JN.@. Su-. Ct. 1937?.
N(N'O 6.S.R4"nrB <. (irst Nat. BanE o/ ClarEs0al", #9# (.0 91 J#th Cir. 1979?.
3oAaR2rDi" 5in"ral (""0 Co., 3nc. <. (ar+ Bur"au 5ut. 3ns. Co., 4' N.:.0 '77
J3oAa 199$?.
N(N7O 3ll.R=nights <. 5artin, 1## 3ll. 48', 4$ N.E. 3#8 J189#?.
N(N8O 5ont.RBurton <. =i--, 3$ 5ont. 7#, 7' ,. #'3 J19$4?.
N(N9O Cal.RShar- <. 7u+l"B, 34 Cal. '11, 18'8 :7 73' J18'8?.
N(N1$O N.9.RBlash/i"l0 <. S+ith, 7 4un 114 JN.9. >"n. %"r+ 188?.
N(N11O :is.R4B+an <. 7an0rB, 13# :is. #98, 11' N.:. 3' J19$8?.
N(N1O 6.S.R3n r" Bhatti, 1' B.!. 9 JBanEr. :... Va. 1991?.
2la.R@"//"rson CountB Sa<. BanE <. 5ill"r, 14# 2la. 37, 4$ So. #13 J19$'?.
N(N13O 3oAaR.oughtB <. 5""E, 1$# 3oAa 1', 74 N.:. 744 J1898?.
N(N14O 3ll.R4ans"n <. Schl"sing"r, 1# 3ll. 3$, 17 N.E. 718 J1888?.
N(N1#O N.9.RBoA+an <. %all+an, 19 2DD. ,r. 84, ' N.9. Su-"r. Ct. '33, 8 4oA.
,r. 48, 18'4 :7 373$ J18'4?.
N(N1'O S.C.R 5ason M !isch Vocalion Co. <. =illough 5usic Co., 4# S.C. 11,
S.E. 7## J189#?.
N(N17O 3ll.R=nights <. 5artin, 1## 3ll. 48', 4$ N.E. 3#8 J189#?.
N(N18O 3oAaRBrooEs <. 8A"n, $$ 3oAa 11#1, $ N.:. #$# J19#?, o-inion +o0i/i"0
on oth"r groun0s on 0"nial o/ r"hCg, BrooEs <. 8A"n., $' N.:. 149 J3oAa 19#?.
5"+oran0u+ o/ Fu0g+"nt in<ali0
2 +"+oran0u+ o/ Fu0g+"nt /il"0 DB th" assign"" o/ th" Fu0g+"nt cr"0itor Aas in<ali0,
an0 coul0 not D" us"0 as th" Dasis /or a l"<B sal" o/ th" Fu0g+"nt 0"DtorCs -ro-"rtB
on a Fu0g+"nt li"n, Ah"r" th" +"+oran0u+ contain"0 an inaccurat" Fu0g+"nt a+ount
in that it /ail"0 to a--lB th" S7,$$$ Fu0g+"nt th" 0"Dtor -ai0 on th" Fu0g+"nt.
3ll.RNorthA"st .i<"rsi/i"0, 3nc. <. ."sai, 3#3 3ll. 2--. 30 378, 88 3ll. ."c. 818, 818
N.E.0 7#3 J1st .ist. $$4?.
3nt"r"st on Fu0g+"nt
%h" cl"rECs /ailur" to co+-ut" int"r"st oAing on th" Fu0g+"nt, an0 to "nt"r it on th"
co-B o/ a Fu0g+"nt h" r"c"i<"0 /ro+ th" court, Aas a +"r" cl"rical "rror that 0i0 not
i+-air th" Fu0g+"nt or -r"<"nt th" Fu0g+"nt cr"0itor /ro+ ")"cuting th"r"on /olloAing
an a+"n0+"nt to corr"ct th" cl"rECs o+ission.
N.9.R 2"tna Cas. M Sur. Co. <. :hit"ston" >"n"ral 4os-., 14 5isc. 0 '7, #3'
N.9.S.0 373 JSu- 1988?.
N(N19O 2la.R@"//"rson CountB Sa<. BanE <. 5ill"r, 14# 2la. 37, 4$ So. #13 J19$'?.
C@S ETEC6%38NS L

@u0g+"nts
00260
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
@..., 2lan :"inst"in, @...
T3V. Collat"ral 2ttacE
.. >roun0s
3. Errors an0 3rr"gulariti"s
L 737. ."/"cts in "ntrB or cont"nts o/ Fu0g+"nt
:"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st, @u0g+"nt #$4J3?
:"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st, @u0g+"nt #$4J4?
:"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st, @u0g+"nt #$#
5"r" irr"gulariti"s in th" r"n0ition or "ntrB o/ Fu0g+"nts, inclu0ing Fu0g+"nts DB con/"ssion
or cons"nt, ar" not groun0s /or collat"ral attacE.
2 0"cr"" r"n0"r"0 in a0<anc" o/ th" -"rio0 at Ahich th" court +aB laA/ullB acquir" Furis0iction
o<"r th" 0"/"n0ant is suDF"ct to collat"ral attacE.N1O 4oA"<"r, Ah"r" no qu"stion o/
Furis0iction is rais"0, a Fu0g+"nt or 0"cr"" cannot D" collat"rallB i+-"ach"0 D"caus" it Aas
-r"+atur"lB r"n0"r"0,NO or not r"n0"r"0 Aithin th" ti+" r"quir"0 DB statut",N3O or D"caus" it
Aas Das"0 on 0"/"cti<" /in0ings DB th" court, or gi<"n Aithout anB /in0ings at allN4O or is inconsist"nt
Aith th" /in0ings or conclusions o/ laA.N#O 5or"o<"r, a Fu0g+"nt +aB not D" attacE"0
collat"rallB D"caus" it a--"ars /ro+ th" r"cor0 or th" o-inion o/ th" court that th"r"
Aas a +istaE", an0 that th" Fu0g+"nt shoul0 ha<" D""n 0i//"r"nt /ro+ that actuallB r"n0"r"0,N'
O or D"caus" o/ anB irr"gularitB in th" "ntrB, r"cor0, or 0ocE"ting o/ th" Fu0g+"nt,N7O or /or
anB in/or+alitB or inco+-l"t"n"ss in th" Fu0g+"nt its"l/, -ro<i0"0 its 0"/"cts or o+issions ar"
not such as to r"n0"r it aDsolut"lB unint"lligiDl" an0 th"r"/or" <oi0 /or unc"rtaintB.N8O
%h" all"g"0 nonco+-lianc" o/ a Fu0g+"nt Aith a s"ttl"+"nt agr""+"nt 0o"s not r"n0"r it
suDF"ct to collat"ral attacE.N9O
@u0g+"nt D"Bon0 -l"a0ings an0 issu"s.
2ccor0ing to so+" authoritB, Ah"r" th" court go"s D"Bon0 an0 outsi0" th" -l"a0ings an0
issu"s an0 assu+"s to a0Fu0icat" a +att"r not Aithin th" issu"s +a0" u- in th" -l"a0ings, an0
#$ C.@.S. @u0g+"nts L 737
th" Fu0g+"nt is to that ")t"nt <oi0, th" Fu0g+"nt +aB D" attacE"0 collat"rallB.N1$O
E)c"ssi<" r"co<"rB or r"li"/.
:h"r" a Fu0g+"nt is +"r"lB "rron"ous D"caus" it is ")c"ssi<",N11O "ith"r as D"ing gr"at"r
than th" a+ount 0"+an0"0,N1O gr"at"r than th" /acts or th" "<i0"nc" Aoul0 Fusti/B,N13O or as
i+-ro-"rlB inclu0ing int"r"st,N14O -"nalti"s,N1#O costs,N1'O or couns"l /""s,N17O or as alloAing
")c"ssi<" int"r"stN18O or costs,N19O it +aB not D" i+-"ach"0 in a collat"ral -roc""0ing.
N(N1O ..C.R5ors" <. 6.S., 9 2--. ..C. 433, 19$7 :7 197#8 J2--. ..C. 19$7?.
N(NO Colo.RN"tlan0 <. Baugh+an, 114 Colo. 148, 1' ,.0 '$1 J194#?.
8r.RBooth <. 4"D"rli", 137 8r. 3#4, ,.0 11$8 J1931?.
%"nn.R.a<is <. 5itch"ll, 7 %"nn. 2--. 18, 178 S.:.0 889 J1943?.
2s to th" /or+, cont"nts, r"n0ition, "ntrB, r"cor0, an0 0ocE"ting o/ Fu0g+"nt, s"" LL
1$4 to 13$, 13' to 1'9.
@u0g+"nt "rron"ouslB or irr"gularlB "nt"r"0
2 -artB to a -roc""0ing Aill D" Doun0 DB th" Fu0g+"nt in th" cas" Ah"n collat"rallB attacEing
it, "<"n though th" Fu0g+"nt Aas irr"gularlB or "rron"ouslB "nt"r"0.
N"D.RStat" <. 4"a0, 7' N"D. 3#4, 7#4 N.:.0 '1 J$$8?.
Voi0aDl" Fu0g+"nt
2 G<oi0aDl" Fu0g+"ntH is on" "nt"r"0 "rron"ouslB DB a court ha<ing Furis0iction, an0
is not suDF"ct to collat"ral attacE.
3ll.R 3n r" 5arriag" o/ 5itch"ll, 181 3ll. 0 1'9, 9 3ll. ."c. #$8, '9 N.E.0 81
J1998?.
N(N3O S...R4arE"r <. CoAi", 4 S... 1#9, 173 N.:. 7 J1919?.
N(N4O 2rE.RBrooEs <. BaE"r, $8 2rE. '#4, 187 S.:.0 1'9 J194#?.
N.9.RShaul <. (i0"litB M ."-osit Co. o/ 5arBlan0, 131 5isc. 4$1, 7 N.9.S. 1'3
JSu- 198?, a//C0, 4 2... 773, 3$ N.9.S. 91$ J30 ."-Ct 198?.
8r.R>licE+an <. Solo+on, 14$ 8r. 3#8, 1 ,.0 1$17 J193?.
00261
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Collat"ral attacE on /in0ing
:h"r" th" court ha0 Furis0iction in a /or"closur" suit, its /in0ing as to th" lan0 co<"r"0
DB th" +ortgag" coul0 not D" collat"rallB attacE"0.
%").R S"0"rhol+ <. CitB o/ ,ort 2rthur, 3 S.:.0 9# J%"). Ci<. 2--. B"au+ont
198?, Arit grant"0, J8ct. 17, 198? an0 a//C0, 13 S.:.0 '87 J%"). Co++Cn 2--.
199? an0 a//C0, 13 S.:.0 '8# J%"). Co++Cn 2--. 199?.
N(N#O 2rE.RBrooEs <. BaE"r, $8 2rE. '#4, 187 S.:.0 1'9 J194#?.
Cal.R:"llDorn <. :"llDorn, ## Cal. 2--. 0 #1', 131 ,.0 48 J1st .ist. 194?.
%").R ,"r+ian 8il Co. <. S+ith, 19 %"). 413, 73 S.:.0 49$, 111 2.7.!.11#
J1934?.
N(N'O 6.S.R3s"lin <. 7a Cost", 147 (.0 791 JC.C.2. #th Cir. 194#?.
Cal.R5c2llist"r <. Su-"rior Court in an0 /or 2la+"0a CountB, 8 Cal. 2--. 0 1'$,
8 ,.0 4' J1st .ist. 1938?.
5iss.R5c3ntosh <. 5unson !oa0 5achin"rB Co., 1'7 5iss. #4', 14# So. 731 J1933?.
N(N7O (la.RStat" ") r"l. 5c>uir" <. 5aBo, 18 (la. '99, 17# So. 73 J1937?.
N"D.RStat" ") r"l. !itthal"r <. =no), 17 N"D. 7'', 3#1 N.:.0 77, 18 E0. 7aA !"-.
434 J1984?.
%"nn.R:hitson <. @ohnson, %"nn. 2--. 47, 13 S.:.0 11$4 J1937?.
6tahR3nt"r+ill <. Nash, 94 6tah 71, 7# ,.0 1#7 J1938?.
8r0"r "nt"r"0 out o/ s"ssion
%hat an or0"r ta)ing th" -lainti// Aith th" 0"/"n0antCs costs Aas sign"0 an0 "nt"r"0 out
o/ s"ssion 0i0 not +aE" th" or0"r <oi0, so as to alloA th" -lainti// to collat"rallB attacE
it, Ah"r" th" trial Fu0g" a0"quat"lB +a0" an0 announc"0 a 0"cision to ta) th" -lainti//
in th" 0istrict 0uring th" s"ssion in Ahich +otion Aas +a0", an0 0"t"r+in"0 an0 announc"0
at a h"aring th" natur" o/ th" -"naltB to D" ass"ss"0 against th" -lainti//.
N.C.R.ani"ls <. 5ontgo+"rB 5ut. 3ns. Co., 3$ N.C. ''9, 3'$ S.E.0 77 J1987?.
N(N8O 6.S.R,richar0 <. N"lson, 137 (.0 31 JC.C.2. 4th Cir. 1943?.
(la.RStat" ") r"l. :arr"n <. CitB o/ 5ia+i, 1#3 (la. '44, 1# So. 0 449 J1943?.
%").RBri0g+an <. 5oor", 143 %"). #$, 183 S.:.0 7$# J1944?.
Vic"s /or Ahich Fu0g+"nt can D" annull"0
Vic"s as to th" /or+ o/ a Fu0g+"nt /or Ahich th" Fu0g+"nt can D" annull"0 ar"
GaDsolut" nulliti"sH an0 can D" ass"rt"0 at anB ti+", in a collat"ral -roc""0ing, an0 D"/or"
anB court.
7a.R Cha+-agn" an0 !o0g"rs !"altB Co., 3nc. <. 4"nning, 947 So. 0 39 J7a. Ct.
2--. #th Cir. $$'?, Arit 0"ni"0, 949 So. 0 44$ J7a. $$7?.
N(N9O %").R >r"in"r <. @a+"son, 8'# S.:.0 493 J%"). 2--. .allas 1993?, Arit
0"ni"0, J5ar. 3, 1994?.
N(N1$O 5o.R:"ath"r/or0 <. S-iritual Christian 6nion Church, 1'3 S.:.0 91' J5o.
194?.
N.9.RCol"s <. Carroll, 73 N.9. 8', ' N.E.0 1$7 J1937?.
8hioRBinns <. 3saD"l, 39 8hio 7. 2Ds. #, 1 8hio Su--. 113 JC.,. 194?, a//C0, 7
8hio 2--. , 7 8hio 8-. 87, 39 8hio 7. 2Ds. 37, #1 N.E.0 #$1 J0 .ist. (ranElin
CountB 1943?.
N(N11O 8r.R7inn CountB <. !oI"ll", 177 8r. 4#, 1' ,.0 1#$ J194#?.
N(N1O Cal.R:allac" <. :allac", 111 Cal. 2--. #$$, 9# ,. 1$'1 J4th .ist. 1931?.
>a.R4ar0in <. .o00, 17' >a. 119, 1'7 S.E. 77 J193?.
8r.R7inn CountB <. !oI"ll", 177 8r. 4#, 1' ,.0 1#$ J194#?.
N(N13O 3ll.R ,"o-l" ") r"l. 2n0"rson <. Villag" o/ Bra0l"B, 3'7 3ll. 3$1, 11 N.E.0
41# J1937?.
5ich.R5orris <. BarE"r, #3 5ich. 334, 3# N.:. 174 J1931?.
N(N14O 6.S.R4u00l"ston <. .AB"r, 14# (.0 311 JC.C.2. 1$th Cir. 1944?.
Cal.R :"lls (argo M Co. <. CitB an0 CountB o/ San (rancisco, # Cal. 0 37, 1#
,.0 '# J1944?.
N(N1#O 6.S.R4u00l"ston <. .AB"r, 14# (.0 311 JC.C.2. 1$th Cir. 1944?.
N(N1'O Cal.R:"lls (argo M Co. <. CitB an0 CountB o/ San (rancisco, # Cal. 0 37,
00262
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7
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12
13
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18
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21
22
23
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28
1# ,.0 '# J1944?.
N(N17O 6tahR5arB @an" St"<"ns Co. <. (ol"B, '7 6tah #78, 48 ,. 81# J19'?.
N(N18O =an.R.icEson <. ,att"rson, 1$' =an. 794, 189 ,. 91 J19$?.
N(N19O 8r.RNational Sur"tB Cor-. <. S+ith, 1'8 8r. '#, 13 ,.0 $3 J194?.
C@S @6.>5EN%S L 737

@u0g+"nts
@..., 2lan :"inst"in, @...
V33. !"n0ition, EntrB, !"cor0, an0 .ocE"ting
2. !"n0ition
L 13'. >"n"rallB
%h" r"n0ition o/ a Fu0g+"nt is th" Fu0icial act o/ th" court in -ronouncing th" s"nt"nc" o/
th" laA on th" /acts in contro<"rsB as asc"rtain"0 DB th" -l"a0ings an0 <"r0ict or /in0ings, as
0istinguish"0 /ro+ th" +inist"rial act o/ "nt"ring th" Fu0g+"nt.
%h" r"n0ition o/ a Fu0g+"nt is th" Fu0icial act o/ th" courtN1O in -ronouncing th" s"nt"nc"
o/ th" laA on th" /acts in contro<"rsB as asc"rtain"0 DB th" -l"a0ings an0 <"r0ict or /in0ings,N
O as 0istinguish"0 /ro+ th" o//icial "ntrB o/ th" Fu0g+"nt.N3O
G!"n0itionH o/ Fu0g+"nt is th" act DB Ahich th" court 0"clar"s th" 0"cision o/ th" laA
u-on th" +att"rs at issu"N4O an0 it is th" suDstanc" an0 "//"ct o/ an a0Fu0ication that is 0"t"r+inati<"
o/ Ah"th"r it is a Fu0g+"nt, not th" /or+ o/ th" 0"cr"".N#O
8n its r"n0ition, an0 Aithout "ntrB, a Fu0g+"nt is /inal, <ali0, an0 "n/orc"aDl" as D"tA""n
th" -arti"sN'O in th" aDs"nc" o/ a statut" to th" contrarB.N7O
6n0"r so+" authoritB, th" courtCs -ractic" 0o"s not /a<or th" t"r+ination o/ -roc""0ings
Aithout a 0"t"r+ination o/ th" +"rits o/ th" contro<"rsB Ah"r" that can D" Drought aDout Aith
0u" r"gar0 to n"c"ssarB rul"s o/ -roc"0ur".N8O
2ccor0inglB, th" laA 0o"s not /a<or th" t"r+ination o/ -roc""0ings Aithout a 0"t"r+ination
o/ th" +"rits o/ th" contro<"rsB Ah"n that can D" Drought aDout Aith 0u" r"gar0 to n"c"ssarB
rul"s o/ -roc"0ur", an0 /or that r"ason, th" trial court shoul0 +aE" "<"rB "//ort to a0Fu0icat"
th" suDstanti<" contro<"rsB D"/or" it an0, Ah"n -racticaDl", shoul0 0"ci0" a -roc"0ural
49 C.@.S. @u0g+"nts L 13'
issu" so as not to -r"clu0" h"aring th" +"rits o/ an a--"al.N9O
N(N1O 2la.RS+ith <. @acEson, 77$ So. 0 1$'8 J2la. $$$?.
Cal.R,"o-l" <. (ronti"r ,aci/ic 3ns. Co., 83 Cal. 2--. 4th 189, 1$$ Cal. !-tr. 0 433
J30 .ist. $$$?.
50.R.a<is <. .a<is, 33# 50. '99, '4' 2.0 3'# J1994?.
5o.RCoIart <. 5aI0a .istriDutors J>ul/?, 3nc., 8'1 S.:.0 347 J5o. Ct. 2--. S...
1993?.
N"D.RNational 2ccount SBst"+s o/ 8+aha, 3nc. <. 5c3ntBr", N"D. 2--. 884, #18
N.:.0 1#8 J1994?.
8Ela.R ,"o-l"s El"c. Co&o-. <. Broughton, 194 8= 33, 191 8Ela. 9, 17 ,.0
8#$ J194?.
N(NO 50.R.a<is <. .a<is, 33# 50. '99, '4' 2.0 3'# J1994?.
N"D.RNational 2ccount SBst"+s o/ 8+aha, 3nc. <. 5c3ntBr", N"D. 2--. 884, #18
N.:.0 1#8 J1994?.
00263
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28
8Ela.R ,r"sDBt"rian 4os-., 3nc. <. Boar0 o/ %a)&!oll Corr"ctions o/ 8Elaho+a
CountB, 1984 8= 93, '93 ,.0 '11 J8Ela. 1984?.
%"nn.RChristo-h"r <. S-oon"r, '4$ S.:.0 833 J%"nn. Ct. 2--. 198?.
%").R2rriaga <. Ca<aIos, 88$ S.:.0 83$ J%"). 2--. San 2ntonio 1994?.
:.Va.REchar0 <. CitB o/ ,arE"rsDurg, 187 :. Va. 3#$, 419 S.E.0 14 J199?.
."cision or /in0ings DB court, g"n"rallB, s"" C.@.S., %rial LL '$ to '$', '$9 to '1.
V"r0ict or /in0ings DB FurB, g"n"rallB, s"" C.@.S., %rial L 48#.
N(N3O 2riI.R 2+"rican Sur. Co. o/ N.9. <. 5osh"r, 48 2riI. ##, '4 ,.0 1$#
J193'?.
5o.R3n r" 5arriag" o/ 4u"B, 71' S.:.0 479 J5o. Ct. 2--. S... 198'?.
%"nn.RChristo-h"r <. S-oon"r, '4$ S.:.0 833 J%"nn. Ct. 2--. 198?.
%").RBaEali <. BaEali, 83$ S.:.0 #1 J%"). 2--. .allas 199?.
:.Va.REchar0 <. CitB o/ ,arE"rsDurg, 187 :. Va. 3#$, 419 S.E.0 14 J199?.
2s to "ntrB, g"n"rallB, s"" L 143.
N(N4O %").RStallAorth <. StallAorth, $1 S.:.30 338 J%"). 2--. .allas $$'?.
Va.R@"//"rson <. Co+., '9 Va. 13', '$7 S.E.0 1$7 J$$#?.
N(N#O Cal.R 8taB !i<"r Constructors <. San .i"go E)-r"ssAaB, 1#8 Cal. 2--. 4th
79', 7$ Cal. !-tr. 30 434 J4th .ist. $$8?.
N(N'O 2la.R.u ,r"" <. 4art, 4 2la. '9$, 8 So. 0 183 J194?.
Cal.RBanE 8n" %")as <. ,ollacE, 4 Cal. 2--. 4th 973, 9 Cal. !-tr. 0 #1$ J0 .ist.
1994?.
3ll.R:icEis"r <. ,oA"rs, 34 3ll. 2--. 13$, #7 N.E.0 # J30 .ist. 1944?.
N"D.R,ontiac 3+-. Co. <. 7"isB, 144 N"D. 7$#, 14 N.:.0 384 J1944?.
2s to ")"cution D"/or" "ntrB s"" C.@.S., E)"cutions L 13.
2s to n"c"ssitB o/ "ntrB, s"" L 144.
N(N7O 2rE.R5cConn"ll <. Bourlan0, 17# 2rE. #3, 99 S.:. 44 J197?.
."l.R4aIIar0 <. 2l")an0"r, 3' ."l. #1, 178 2. 873 JSu-"r. Ct. 193#?.
8r.R4aD"rlB <. (ar+"rsC 5ut. (ir" !"li"/ 2ssCn, 13# 8r. 3, 87 ,. J193$?.
N(N8O Conn.R!occo <. >arrison, '8 Conn. #41, 848 2.0 3# J$$4?;
,i"traroia <. North"ast 6tiliti"s, #4 Conn. '$, 7#' 2.0 84# J$$$?.
N(N9O Conn.R ("0us <. ,lanning an0 Zoning Co+Cn, 78 Conn. 7#1, 9$$ 2.0 1
J$$'?; 8lB+-ia 5ortg. Cor-. <. =l"in, '1 Conn. 2--. 3$#, 7'3 2.0 1$## J$$1?.
C@S @6.>5EN%S L 13'

,83N%S 2N. 26%48!3%3ES
%h" <i0"o ,a+ !oD"rts -ro<i0"0 in h"r .isco<"rB cl"arlB shoAs :al&5arts (rontino -"rha-s
+aEing, Dut 0"/init"lB han0ing a c0 to !S3C 8//ic"rs BraunAorth an0 CraA/or0 at th" conclusion o/
th" arr"st in qu"stion. 4oA"<"r, 3 D"li"<" all thr"" +"n t"sti/i"0 that no oth"r <i0"o ")ist"0 r"l"<ant
to th" accusation or arr"st oth"r than th" int"rrogation roo+ <i0"o, Ahich Aas still /il+ing th"
")chang" o/ th" c0 D"tA""n (rontino an0 th" !S3C 8//ic"rs. (urth"r, !S3C 8//ic"r CraA/or0 can
cl"arlB D" s""n in th" int"rrogation roo+ <i0"os r"c"i<ing a 0ri<"rs lic"ns" /ro+ Coughlin an0 calling
it in on his ra0io, 0"s-it" CraA/or0, t"sti/Bing, un0"r oath, at trial, that Coughlin Aas arr"st"0, in larg"
-art, D"caus" h" 0i0 not -ro0uc" a -hBsical 0ri<"rCs lic"ns" an0 th" in/or+ation Ahich Aoul0 D"
00264
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contain"0 th"r"on an0 n"c"ssarB to Arit" a citation. CraA/or0 t"sti/i"0 that this lacE o/ -ro0ucing a
0ri<"rs lic"ns" Jan0 th" 0is-atch r"cor0s can cl"arlB shoA th" running o/ CoughlinCs 0ri<"rs lic"ns"
nu+D"r, Ahich Coughlin h"r"DB 0"clar"s un0"r -"naltB o/ -"rFurB h" has n"<"r co++itt"0 to +"+orB
in his "ntir" li/"?. (urth"r, in 0ir"ct contra0iction to th" sAorn t"sti+onB o/ Doth (rontino an0
CraA/or0, th" 6,C /or th" cough 0ro-s 0o"s a--"ar on Doth th" all"g"0lB stol"n it"+s S14.$$ r"c"i-t
an0 th" S8$.$$ r"c"i-t o/ it"+s -urchas"0 i++"0at"lB -rior to th" arr"st. Both (rontino an0
CraA/or0 sAor" that th" 6,C 0i0 not a--"ar on Doth.
2N279S3S
:inston ,ro0ucts <. ."Bo"r, 1 N"<. 20<.8-. 48, 134 ,. 3r0 7' J$$'?;G3n r"sol<ing this +otion,
A" r"<isit th" +"tho0 us"0 to co+-ut" th" ti+" /or /iling +otions /or Fu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/ laA an0
/or a n"A trial an0 th" tolling -"rio0 to /il" a notic" o/ a--"al Ah"n th"s" +otions ar" s"r<"0 DB +ail
or "l"ctronic +"ans. U %h" N"<a0a !ul"s o/ Ci<il ,roc"0ur" JN!C,? r"quir" th"s" so&call"0 tolling
+otions to D" /il"0 Aithin 1$ 0aBs /ro+ th" 0at" a Fu0g+"nt is /il"0 an0 s"r<"0. U 4oA"<"r, th" $$4
a+"n0+"nts to th" N!C, chang"0 th" co+-utation o/ ti+" Ah"r" th" -r"scriD"0 -"rio0 is l"ss than
11 0aBs to ")clu0" Satur0aBs, Sun0aBs an0 nonFu0icial 0aBs. U :h"r", as h"r", th" ti+" to /il" a
tolling +otion is 1$ 0aBs, A" conclu0" that th" G-"rio0 o/ ti+" -r"scriD"0H in N!C, 'Ja? 0o"s not
inclu0" th" 3&0aB alloAanc" /or s"r<ic" DB +ail un0"r N!C, 'J"?. U %h"r"/or", th" /iling -"rio0 /or a
tolling +otion is co+-ut"0 /irst un0"r N!C, 'Ja?, an0 th"n 3 a00itional 0aBs ar" a00"0 un0"r N!C,
'J"? Ah"n s"r<ic" Aas +a0" DB +ail or "l"ctronic +"ans. U 6sing this co+-utation +"tho0, A"
conclu0" that a--"llantCs tolling +otions A"r" ti+"lB /il"0 in th" 0istrict court. U 2ccor0inglB, A"
0"nB r"s-on0"ntCs +otion to 0is+iss this a--"al. U (urth"r, although this issu" Aas not a00r"ss"0 DB
th" -arti"s, A" conclu0" that th" tolling +otions also toll"0 th" ti+" to a--"al /ro+ th" -ost&Fu0g+"nt
or0"r aAar0ing attorn"B /""s an0 costs.
00265
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(2C%S
%h" /inal Fu0g+"nt a/t"r a FurB <"r0ict in /a<or o/ r"s-on0"nt Aas /il"0 on 2-ril 18, $$#. U
!"s-on0"nt s"r<"0 a--"llant Aith notic" o/ "ntrB o/ th" 0istrict courtCs /inal Fu0g+"nt <ia /acsi+il"
an0 +ail on 2-ril 1, $$#. U (i/t""n 0aBs lat"r, on 5aB ', $$#, a--"llant +o<"0 th" 0istrict court
/or Fu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/ laA un0"r N!C, #$JD? or /or a n"A trial -ursuant to N!C, #9. U
!"s-on0"nt o--os"0 a--"llantCs +otions in th" 0istrict court, arguing, in -art, that th"B A"r" not
ti+"lB /il"0.
B"/or" r"sol<ing th" +otions, on @un" 9, $$#, th" 0istrict court "nt"r"0 a -ost&Fu0g+"nt or0"r
aAar0ing attorn"B /""s an0 costs in /a<or o/ r"s-on0"nt. U Notic" o/ "ntrB o/ th" or0"r Aas s"r<"0 on
a--"llant on @un" 1$, $$#. U 8n @un" 7, $$#, th" 0istrict court "nt"r"0 its or0"r 0"nBing
a--"llantCs +otion /or Fu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/ laA or /or a n"A trial. U %h" 0istrict court 0"t"r+in"0
that a--"llantCs +otions ha0 D""n ti+"lB /il"0 Dut conclu0"0 that a--"llant Aas not "ntitl"0 to anB
r"li"/. U 8n @ulB 9, $$#, Aithin 3$ 0aBs a/t"r s"r<ic" o/ notic" o/ "ntrB o/ th" @un" 7 or0"r
r"sol<ing th" +otions, a--"llant /il"0 a notic" o/ a--"al /ro+ that or0"r, th" /inal Fu0g+"nt, an0 th"
-ost&Fu0g+"nt or0"r aAar0ing attorn"B /""s an0 costs.
!"s-on0"nt has /il"0 a +otion to 0is+iss th" a--"al, all"ging that a--"llantCs +otions /or Fu0g+"nt as
a +att"r o/ laA an0 /or a n"A trial A"r" not ti+"lB an0 th"r"/or" 0i0 not toll th" ti+" to a--"al. U
2--"llant o--os"s th" +otion.
DISCUSSION
V%his court lacEs Furis0iction to consi0"r an a--"al that is /il"0 D"Bon0 th" ti+" alloA"0 un0"r
N!2, 4Ja?.
1
U2 ti+"lB /il"0 +otion /or Fu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/ laA un0"r N!C, #$JD? or /or a n"A
trial un0"r N!C, #9 tolls th" ti+" /or /iling an a--"al until no lat"r than 3$ 0aBs a/t"r a -artB s"r<"s
00266
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Aritt"n notic" that th" or0"r r"sol<ing such +otions has D""n "nt"r"0.
U2 tolling +otion un0"r

N!C, #$JD? or N!C, #9 is ti+"lB i/ it is /il"0 Aithin 1$ 0aBs a/t"r a -artB s"r<"s Aritt"n notic" that a
Fu0g+"nt has D""n "nt"r"0.
3
U%hr"" a00itional 0aBs ar" a00"0 to this /iling 0"a0lin" Ah"n s"r<ic"
Aas +a0" DB +ail or "l"ctronic +"ans.
4

3n th" +otion to 0is+iss, r"s-on0"nt argu"s that our -rior cas" laA r"quir"s that th" 3&0aB alloAanc"
/or +ailing D" a00"0 0ir"ctlB to th" 1$&0aB -"rio0 to /il" tolling +otions D"/or" co+-uting th" /iling
0"a0lin" un0"r N!C, 'Ja?. U E+-loBing this rational" suDF"cts th"s" tolling +otions to a 13&0aB ti+"
-"rio0. U 6n0"r N!C, 'Ja?, int"r+"0iat" Satur0aBs, Sun0aBs an0 nonFu0icial 0aBs Aoul0 D" inclu0"0
in th" co+-utation o/ th" 13&0aB -"rio0. U 2--lBing this a--roach to this cas" r"sults in th" thirt""nth
0aB /ro+ s"r<ic" o/ notic" o/ "ntrB /alling on 5aB 4, $$#. U 3n this sc"nario, D"caus" a--"llantCs
+otions A"r" not /il"0 until 5aB ', $$#, th"B Aoul0 D" unti+"lB an0 Aoul0 not "//"cti<"lB toll th"
ti+" to a--"al.
2--"llant "ncourag"s us to a0o-t th" o--osit" a--roach to that sugg"st"0 DB r"s-on0"nt. U 3nst"a0 o/
/irst a00ing th" 3 0aBs /or s"r<ic" DB +ail to r"ach a 13&0aB ti+" -"rio0, a--"llant cont"n0s that
soun0 Fu0icial -olicB /a<ors a00ing th" 3&0aB alloAanc" onlB a/t"r co+-uting th" 1$&0aB /iling -"rio0
an0 ")clu0ing int"r+"0iat" nonFu0icial 0aBs un0"r N!C, 'Ja?. U 2--"llant argu"s that this +"tho0 o/
co+-uting th" ti+" -"rio0 is consist"nt Aith /"0"ral court int"r-r"tation o/ th" analogous /"0"ral rul",
(!C, ', an0 /urth"rs th" int"nt o/ N!C, 'J"? DB alloAing /or +or" ti+" Ah"n s"r<ic" is +a0" DB
+ail. U 6sing this +"tho0 in this cas", a--"llant argu"s that its +otions /or Fu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/
laA an0 /or a n"A trial A"r" ti+"lB /il"0 an0 "//"cti<"lB toll"0 th" ti+" to a--"al.
!ul" 'Vo/ th" N"<a0a !ul"s o/ Ci<il ,roc"0ur" go<"rns ti+":
00267
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Ja?UCo+-utation. 3n co+-uting anB -"rio0 o/ ti+" -r"scriD"0 or alloA"0 DB th"s" rul"s, DB th" local
rul"s o/ anB 0istrict court, DB or0"r o/ court, or DB anB a--licaDl" statut", th" 0aB o/ th" act, "<"nt, or
0"/ault /ro+ Ahich th" 0"signat"0 -"rio0 o/ ti+" D"gins to run shall not D" inclu0"0. U %h" last 0aB
o/ th" -"rio0 so co+-ut"0 shall D" inclu0"0, unl"ss it is a Satur0aB, a Sun0aB, or a nonFu0icial 0aB, in
Ahich "<"nt th" -"rio0 runs until th" "n0 o/ th" n")t 0aB Ahich is not a Satur0aB, a Sun0aB, or a
nonFu0icial 0aB, or, Ah"n th" act to D" 0on" is th" /iling o/ a -a-"r in court, a 0aB on Ahich A"ath"r
or oth"r con0itions ha<" +a0" th" o//ic" o/ th" cl"rE o/ th" 0istrict court inacc"ssiDl", in Ahich "<"nt
th" -"rio0 runs until th" "n0 o/ th" n")t 0aB Ahich is not on" o/ th" a/or"+"ntion"0 0aBs. U :h"n th"
-"rio0 o/ ti+" -r"scriD"0 or alloA"0 is l"ss than 11 0aBs, int"r+"0iat" Satur0aBs, Sun0aBs, an0
nonFu0icial 0aBs shall D" ")clu0"0 in th" co+-utation ")c"-t /or thos" -roc""0ings /il"0 un0"r %itl"s
1 or 13 o/ th" N"<a0a !"<is"0 Statut"s.
J"?U200itional %i+" 2/t"r S"r<ic" DB 5ail or El"ctronic +"ans. U :h"n"<"r a -artB has th" right or
is r"quir"0 to 0o so+" act or taE" so+" -roc""0ings Aithin a -r"scriD"0 -"rio0 a/t"r th" s"r<ic" o/ a
notic" or oth"r -a-"r, oth"r than -roc"ss, u-on th" -artB an0 th" notic" or -a-"r is s"r<"0 u-on th"
-artB DB +ail or DB "l"ctronic +"ans, 3 0aBs shall D" a00"0 to th" -r"scriD"0 -"rio0.
JE+-has"s a00"0.? U %his court has -r"<iouslB consi0"r"0 in tAo cas"s th" issu" o/ co+-uting ti+"
-"rio0s un0"r N!C, ' Ah"n s"r<ic" Aas +a0" DB +ail. U 3n !oss <. >iaco+o, this court conclu0"0
that in calculating th" ti+" to /il" a tolling +otion, th" 3&0aB alloAanc" /or s"r<ic" DB +ail is a00"0
0ir"ctlB to th" 1$&0aB -"rio0&r"sulting in a 13&0aB /iling -"rio0.
#
U5or" r"c"ntlB, in Custo+ CaDin"t
(actorB o/ N"A 9orE <. .istrict Court, a $$3 cas" in<ol<ing th" 3$&0aB ti+" -"rio0 to /il" a r"qu"st
/or trial 0" no<o a/t"r arDitration, A" a//ir+"0 th" co+-utation +"tho0 "+-loB"0 in !oss an0 h"l0
that th" 3&0aB alloAanc" /or s"r<ic" DB +ail Gshoul0 D" a00"0 to th" ti+" allott"0 DB statut" or rul"
00268
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/irstH an0 th"n th" ti+" -"rio0 shoul0 D" co+-ut"0 un0"r N!C, 'Ja?.
'
U:" r"ason"0 that th"
alt"rnati<" +"tho0 o/ co+-uting ti+" un0"r !ul" 'Ja? o/ a00ing th" 3 0aBs /or s"r<ic" DB +ail a/t"r
co+-uting th" /iling 0"a0lin" GAoul0 -ot"ntiallB r"sult in an a00itional /i<" to s"<"n 0aBs to /il"
+otionsH Ahich Aas Gco+-licat"0 an0 aDsur0.HW
7
U3nst"a0, A" D"li"<"0 at th" ti+" that using th"
+"tho0 o/ /irst a00ing th" 3 0aBs /or s"r<ic" DB +ail to th" ti+" allott"0 DB statut" or rul" an0 th"n
co+-uting th" ti+" -"rio0, Aas a si+-l"r an0 s-""0i"r co+-utation sch"+".
8

4oA"<"r, in $$4, a/t"r our 0"cisions in !oss an0 Custo+ CaDin"t, A" a+"n0"0 N!C, ' to D"
consist"nt Aith th" 198# a+"n0+"nts to th" /"0"ral rul".
9
U%hat a+"n0+"nt +a0" th" ")clusion o/
int"r+"0iat" Satur0aBs, Sun0aBs, an0 nonFu0icial 0aBs a--licaDl" in co+-uting ti+" -"rio0s o/ l"ss
than 11 0aBs.
1$
UB"/or" th" $$4 a+"n0+"nt, N!C, 'Ja? onlB ")clu0"0 int"r+"0iat" nonFu0icial
0aBs in co+-uting -"rio0s o/ l"ss than 7 0aBs. U S"<"ral /"0"ral courts ha<" consi0"r"0 th" int"nt
D"hin0 (!C, 'J"?Cs 3&0aB +ailing alloAanc" in int"r-r"ting th" 198# a+"n0+"nt to th" co+-utation
-ro<ision o/ (!C, 'Ja?.
11
U3n co+-uting ti+" -"rio0s in thos" cas"s, th" /"0"ral 0"cisions ha<"
/ocus"0 on th" G-"rio0 o/ ti+" -r"scriD"0H an0 0"t"r+in"0 that it 0o"s not inclu0" th" 3 a00itional
0aBs /or +ailing un0"r !ul" 'J"?. U %hos" /"0"ral courts ha<" th"r"/or" /oun0 that th" l"ss&than&11&
0aB -ro<ision o/ !ul" 'Ja? is a--licaDl" to 1$&0aB -"rio0s "<"n Ah"n s"r<ic" is +a0" DB +ail.
3n th" /irst s"+inal cas" a/t"r th" 198# a+"n0+"nt to (!C, ', a /"0"ral 0istrict court in NaltB <.
NaltB %r"" (ar+ r"cogniI"0 that th" a+"n0+"nt GAas int"n0"0 to ")t"n0 th" r"s-ons" ti+" alloA"0
un0"r <arious rul"s -r"scriDing t"n 0aB li+its.HW
1
U%h" NaltB court oDs"r<"0, hoA"<"r, that a00ing
a00itional ti+" /or +ailing un0"r !ul" 'J"? to cr"at" a 13&0aB ti+" -"rio0 ulti+at"lB r"sult"0 in th"
sa+" a+ount o/ ti+" that Aas alloA"0 D"/or" th" 198# a+"n0+"nt D"caus" at that ti+", nonFu0icial
0aBs A"r" not ")clu0"0 /ro+ th" co+-utation o/ 1$&0aB -"rio0s.
13
U%h" court 0"t"r+in"0 that
$ Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
00269
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GNsOuch a r"sult cannot D" consist"nt Aith th" oD<ious int"ntions o/ th" a0<isorB co++itt""H an0
0"clar"0 that GNtOh" +ailing rul" shoul0 -ro<i0" thr"" ")tra 0aBs, in a00ition to Ahat"<"r -"rio0 th"
-artB Aoul0 oth"rAis" ha<", to r"/l"ct th" -r"su+"0 la-s" in notic" D"caus" o/ s"r<ic" DB +ail.HW
14
U
%h" NaltB court thus h"l0 that th" 3&0aB alloAanc" /or +ailing shoul0 D" a00"0 onlB a/t"r co+-uting
th" ti+" -"rio0 un0"r !ul" 'Ja?.
1#

7iE"Ais", in 7"rro <. KuaE"r 8ats Co.,
1'
th" S"<"nth Circuit Court o/ 2--"als a00r"ss"0 this sa+"
issu" in th" cont")t o/ an oDF"ction to a +agistrat" Fu0g"Cs r"-ort an0 conclu0"0 that Gth" -"rio0 o/
ti+"H in !ul" 'Ja? Aas not th" su+ o/ all alloAaDl" -"rio0s. U %h" court not"0 that !ul" 'J"? is
G0"sign"0 to gi<" a litigant a--ro)i+at"lB th" sa+" "//"cti<" ti+" to r"s-on0 Ah"th"r -a-"rs ar"
s"r<"0 DB han0 or DB +ail.HW
17
U2n0 th" court r"ason"0 that GNtOh" onlB AaB to carrB out !ul" 'J"?Cs
/unction o/ a00ing ti+" to co+-"nsat" /or 0"laBs in +ail 0"li<"rB is to "+-loB !ul" 'Ja? /irst.HW
18

3n %ushn"r <. 6nit"0 Stat"s .istrict Court /or C"ntral .istrict o/ Cali/ornia, th" Ninth Circuit Court
o/ 2--"als conclu0"0 that th" 1$&0aB -"rio0 -r"scriD"0 /or /iling a FurB 0"+an0 0i0 not D"co+" a 13&
0aB -"rio0 /or -ur-os"s o/ !ul" 'Ja? as a r"sult o/ th" s"r<ic"&DB&+ail -ro<ision o/ !ul" 'J"?.
19
U%h"
court stat"0 that !ul" 'J"? shoul0 not D" Gconstru"0 to r"n0"r -r"scriD"0 -"rio0s o/ l"ss than "l"<"n
0aBs in"ligiDl" /or D"n"/icial tr"at+"nt un0"r !ul" 'Ja?H an0 conclu0"0 that it GAoul0 D" ano+alous
to int"r-r"t th" rul"s so that a litigant s"r<"0 DB +ail Aoul0 ha<" l"ss ti+" /or action than a litigant
s"r<"0 -"rsonallB.HW
$
U3nst"a0, th" court h"l0 that GNtOh" -"rio0 is calculat"0 /irst DB a--lBing th"
l"ss&than&"l"<"n&0aB -ro<ision o/ !ul" 'Ja?, th"r"DB ")clu0ing anB int"r<"ning A""E"n0s an0 l"gal
holi0aBs. U 2/t"r this co+-utation, thr"" a00itional 0aBs ar" a00"0 /or +ail s"r<ic" un0"r !ul" 'J"?.HW
1

00270
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2s A" not"0 in Custo+ CaDin"t, /"0"ral 0"cisions ar" not Din0ing on this court.
U4oA"<"r, GNAO"
ha<" -r"<iouslB r"cogniI"0 that /"0"ral 0"cisions in<ol<ing th" ("0"ral !ul"s o/ Ci<il ,roc"0ur"
-ro<i0" -"rsuasi<" authoritB Ah"n this court ")a+in"s its rul"s.HW
3
U8n th" -articular issu" o/
co+-uting ti+" un0"r N!C, ', th" /"0"ral 0"cisions 0iscuss"0 aDo<" in r"gar0 to th" /"0"ral rul" ar"
logicallB co+-"lling.
8ur 0"cisions in Custo+ CaDin"t an0 !oss r"/l"ct th" courtCs 0"sir" to +aintain a si+-l", "//ici"nt
an0 uni/or+ sBst"+ /or co+-uting ti+" -"rio0s un0"r N!C, '.
4
4oA"<"r, n"ith"r o/ thos" cas"s
consi0"r"0 th" i+-act that th"ir co+-utation sch"+" Aoul0 ha<" on /iling -"rio0s suDF"ct to th"
-ro<ision in N!C, 'Ja? /or th" ")clusion o/ int"r+"0iat" nonFu0icial 0aBs. U 3n light o/ our r"c"nt
a+"n0+"nt to N!C, 'Ja?, Ahich +a0" th" nonFu0icial&0aB ")clusion a--licaDl" to long"r ti+"
-"rio0s, A" can no long"r r"concil" th" utilitB o/ !oss an0 Custo+ CaDin"t Aith th" sti/ling "//"ct
that th"B ha<" on th" int"nt D"hin0 !ul" 'J"?. U!ul" 'J"? is int"n0"0 to -ro<i0" litigants Aith
a00itional ti+" Ah"n s"r<ic" is +a0" DB +ail. U %h" co+-utation +"tho0 A" "+-loB"0 in Custo+
CaDin"t an0 !oss AorEs contrarB to that int"nt. U 6sing th" +"tho0 "+-loB"0 in thos" cas"s a/t"r th"
a+"n0+"nt to !ul" 'Ja?, Ah"n a 1$&0aB ti+" -"rio0 is in<ol<"0, th" -artB -"rsonallB s"r<"0 Aoul0
alAaBs ha<" +or" ti+" to act than a -artB s"r<"0 DB +ail.
(or ")a+-l", N!C, #9JD? -ro<i0"s that GNaO +otion /or a n"A trial shall D" /il"0 no lat"r than 1$ 0aBs
a/t"r s"r<ic" o/ Aritt"n notic" o/ th" "ntrB o/ th" Fu0g+"nt.H U 3/ a -artB is -"rsonallB s"r<"0 Aith
notic" o/ "ntrB, that -artB has 14 cal"n0ar 0aBs to /il" a +otion D"caus" un0"r N!C, 'Ja?, th"
int"r+"0iat" nonFu0icial 0aBs Aoul0 D" ")clu0"0 /ro+ th" co+-utation. U But un0"r th" !oss an0
Custo+ CaDin"t co+-utation sch"+", i/ that -artB ha0 D""n s"r<"0 DB +ail, that -artB Aoul0 onlB
ha<" 13 cal"n0ar 0aBs to /il" th" sa+" +otion D"caus" th" int"r+"0iat" nonFu0icial 0aBs Aoul0 D"
inclu0"0 in th" co+-utation. U 2n0 a/t"r taEing into account th" actual ti+" /or 0"li<"rB o/ +ail, a
Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
00271
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-artB s"r<"0 DB +ail Aoul0 c"rtainlB ha<" "<"n l"ss than 13 cal"n0ar 0aBs to act. U %his r"sult 0"/"ats
th" -ur-os" o/ !ul" 'J"? an0 "ss"ntiallB +aE"s th" a+"n0+"nt to !ul" 'Ja? a nullitB DB con<"rting
1$&0aB ti+" -"rio0s into 13&0aB -"rio0s that 0o not garn"r th" D"n"/it o/ th" a+"n0+"nt. U 2s th"
S"<"nth Circuit oDs"r<"0 in 7"rro, GNiOnt"ractions Aithin a co+-l") s"t o/ rul"s so+"ti+"s can ha<"
un")-"ct"0 an0 unA"lco+" "//"cts, Dut A" shoul0 not cr"at" th"+ Ah"n th" t")t r"a0ilB can D"ar
anoth"r +"aning.HW
#
U:" shoul0 not 0o so h"r" in int"r-r"ting N!C, '.
V:" th"r"/or" r"<"rs" our 0"cisions in Custo+ CaDin"t an0 !oss to th" ")t"nt that th"B r"quir" that
/iling -"rio0s D" co+-ut"0 DB a00ing th" 3 0aBs /or s"r<ic" DB +ail un0"r N!C, 'J"? to th"
-r"scriD"0 -"rio0 D"/or" a--lBing N!C, 'Ja?. U Consist"nt Aith th" co+-"lling /"0"ral cas"s
0iscuss"0 aDo<", A" hol0 that th" 1$&0aB ti+" -"rio0 /or /iling +otions /or Fu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/
laA an0 /or a n"A trial shoul0 D" calculat"0 /irst un0"r N!C, 'Ja?, ")clu0ing int"r+"0iat" Satur0aBs,
Sun0aBs an0 nonFu0icial 0aBs. U 3/ s"r<ic" Aas +a0" DB +ail or "l"ctronic +"ans, 3 0aBs shoul0
th"r"a/t"r D" a00"0 -ursuant to N!C, 'J"?.
3n this cas", notic" o/ th" Fu0g+"ntCs "ntrB Aas s"r<"0 DB +ail on %hurs0aB, 2-ril 1, $$#. U
Co+-uting th" 1$&0aB ti+" -"rio0 /ro+ this 0at" an0 ")clu0ing int"r+"0iat" nonFu0icial 0aBs un0"r
N!C, 'Ja?, ")t"n0"0 th" 0"a0lin" /or tolling +otions to %hurs0aB, 5aB #, $$#. U 200ing 3 0aBs at
that -oint /or s"r<ic" DB +ail +a0" 5on0aB, 5aB 9, $$#, th" /inal 0"a0lin" to /il" +otions /or
Fu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/ laA or /or a n"A trial. U 2--"llantCs +otions A"r" /il"0 D"/or" that 0at", an0
th"r"/or" th"B A"r" ti+"lB /il"0 an0 "//"cti<"lB toll"0 th" ti+" to a--"al. U %h"r"a/t"r, a--"llant
ti+"lB /il"0 a notic" o/ a--"al Aithin 3$ 0aBs a/t"r s"r<ic" o/ Aritt"n notic" o/ "ntrB o/ th" or0"r
r"sol<ing th" tolling +otions.
'

00272
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V(inallB, although th" +otion to 0is+iss an0 o--osition 0i0 not a00r"ss Ah"th"r a--"llantCs tolling
+otions toll"0 th" ti+" to a--"al /ro+ th" -ost&Fu0g+"nt or0"r aAar0ing attorn"B /""s, D"caus" o/ th"
a+Diguous natur" o/ this ar"a o/ laA an0 th" -ot"ntial -it/all that it +aB -r"s"nt to -ractition"rs, A"
"l"ct to a00r"ss it sua s-ont".
7
U%h" -r"cis" issu" is Ah"th"r a tolling +otion 0ir"ct"0 at th" /inal
Fu0g+"nt also tolls th" ti+" to a--"al /ro+ a s-"cial or0"r a/t"r /inal Fu0g+"nt. U %his is an issu" o/
/irst i+-r"ssion in N"<a0a.
V2n or0"r aAar0ing attorn"B /""s an0 costs is suDstanti<"lB a--"alaDl" as a s-"cial or0"r a/t"r /inal
Fu0g+"nt.
8
US-"cial or0"rs a/t"r /inal Fu0g+"nt ar" a--"alaDl" D"caus" th"B a//"ct th" rights o/ a
-artB groAing out o/ th" /inal Fu0g+"nt.
9
U7iE" an a--"al /ro+ a /inal Fu0g+"nt, an a--"al /ro+ an
or0"r aAar0ing attorn"B /""s an0 costs +ust D" /il"0 no +or" than 3$ 0aBs /ro+ th" 0at" that notic"
o/ th" or0"rCs "ntrB is s"r<"0.
3$

4"r", notic" o/ "ntrB o/ th" or0"r aAar0ing attorn"B /""s an0 costs Aas s"r<"0 on a--"llant on @un"
1$, $$#. U 4oA"<"r, a--"llant 0i0 not /il" its notic" o/ a--"al until @ulB 9, $$#&A"ll D"Bon0 th"
3$&0aB ti+" li+it alloA"0 un0"r N!2, 4Ja?J1?. U 2ccor0inglB, this court onlB has Furis0iction to
consi0"r issu"s r"lating to th" attorn"B /""s an0 costs or0"r i/ th" ti+" to a--"al /ro+ that or0"r Aas
toll"0 DB a--"llantCs +otions /or Fu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/ laA an0 /or a n"A trial.
N!2, 4Ja?J4? -ro<i0"s that Ah"n a tolling +otion is /il"0, Gth" ti+" to /il" a notic" o/ a--"al runs /or
all -arti"s /ro+ "ntrB o/ an or0"r 0is-osing o/ th" last such r"+aining +otion.H U %his courtCs
0"cisions ha<" "<aluat"0 tolling +otions in th" cont")t o/ a--"als /ro+ /inal Fu0g+"nts.
31
U4oA"<"r,
D"caus" N!2, 4Ja?J4? 0o"s not s-"ci/B /ro+ Ahich or0"rs th" ti+" to a--"al +aB D" toll"0, its
a--licaDilitB to -ost&Fu0g+"nt or0"rs aAar0ing attorn"B /""s an0 costs is uncl"ar.
00273
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3n this cas", th" or0"r aAar0ing attorn"B /""s to r"s-on0"nt Aas -r"0icat"0 on th" /inal Fu0g+"nt in
r"s-on0"ntCs /a<or. U %h"r" is thus a clos" conn"ction D"tA""n th" /inal Fu0g+"nt an0 th" s-"cial
or0"r a/t"r /inal Fu0g+"nt in that a chang" to th" /inal Fu0g+"nt Aoul0 liE"lB r"sult in a chang" to th"
s-"cial or0"r a/t"r /inal Fu0g+"nt. U BB 0"/inition, anB s-"cial or0"r a/t"r /inal Fu0g+"nt +ust D"
clos"lB r"lat"0 to th" Fu0g+"nt. U %his clos" conn"ction l"a0s us to conclu0" that th" tolling +otions
"nu+"rat"0 in N!2, 4Ja?J4? a--lB to Doth tB-"s o/ or0"rs. U 2nB oth"r int"r-r"tation o/ N!2, 4Ja?
J4? Aoul0 r"sult in th" a--"al o/ a -ost&Fu0g+"nt or0"r -roc""0ing in this court Ahil" th" un0"rlBing
Fu0g+"nt Aas still suDF"ct to chang" 0uring th" -"n0"ncB o/ tolling +otions in th" 0istrict court. U
Such an "//"ct Aoul0 not onlB i+-"0" Fu0icial "cono+B an0 r"sult in -i"c"+"al litigation,
3
Dut it
Aoul0 also liE"lB D" count"rintuiti<" to +anB l"gal -ractition"rs an0 cr"at" signi/icant con/usion o<"r
th" ti+" /or /iling a--"als /ro+ s-"cial or0"rs a/t"r /inal Fu0g+"nt. U 2s A" ha<" -r"<iouslB
")-lain"0, GNtOh" /iling o/ a si+-l" notic" o/ a--"al Aas int"n0"0 to taE" th" -lac" o/ +or"
co+-licat"0 -roc"0ur"s to oDtain r"<i"A, an0 th" notic" shoul0 not D" us"0 as a t"chnical tra- /or th"
unAarB 0ra/ts+an.HW
33
U8ur int"r-r"tation o/ N!2, 4Ja?J4? tolling +otions shoul0 r"/l"ct our int"nt
to -r"s"r<" a si+-l" an0 "//ici"nt -roc"0ur" /or /iling a notic" o/ a--"al.
V:" th"r"/or" hol0 that a ti+"lB /il"0 tolling +otion un0"r N!2, 4Ja?J4? tolls th" ti+" to a--"al
/ro+ Doth /inal Fu0g+"nt an0 s-"cial or0"rs "nt"r"0 a/t"r /inal Fu0g+"nt. U 2ccor0inglB, this court
has Furis0iction to consi0"r th" +"rits o/ anB issu"s rais"0 in this a--"al r"lating to th" aAar0 o/
attorn"B /""s an0 costs in th" 0istrict courtCs @un" 9, $$#, or0"r.
C8NC76S38N
:" r"<"rs" our 0"cisions in Custo+ CaDin"t an0 !oss to th" ")t"nt that th"B r"quir" that /iling
-"rio0s D" co+-ut"0 DB a00ing 3 0aBs /or s"r<ic" DB +ail un0"r N!C, 'J"? to th" -r"scriD"0 ti+"
# Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
00274
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-"rio0 D"/or" a--lBing N!C, 'Ja?. U (urth"r, A" hol0 that th" G-"rio0 o/ ti+" -r"scriD"0H 0o"s not
inclu0" th" 3&0aB alloAanc" /or s"r<ic" DB +ail un0"r N!C, 'J"? an0 that ti+" -"rio0s shoul0 D"
calculat"0 /irst un0"r N!C, 'Ja? D"/or" a00ing ti+" un0"r N!C, 'J"?. U 6sing this +"tho0 o/
co+-utation, A" conclu0" that a--"llantCs +otions /or Fu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/ laA an0 /or n"A trial
A"r" ti+"lB /il"0 an0 thus "//"cti<"lB toll"0 th" ti+" to a--"al. U 2s a r"sult, a--"llantCs notic" o/
a--"al Aas ti+"lB /il"0. U 2ccor0inglB, A" 0"nB r"s-on0"ntCs +otion to 0is+iss.
:" /urth"r hol0 that ti+"lB +otions list"0 un0"r N!2, 4Ja?J4? toll Doth th" ti+" to a--"al /ro+ th"
/inal Fu0g+"nt an0 th" ti+" to a--"al /ro+ a s-"cial or0"r "nt"r"0 a/t"r /inal Fu0g+"nt. U
2ccor0inglB, this court also has Furis0iction to consi0"r th" +"rits o/ a--"llantCs a--"al /ro+ th"
0istrict courtCs or0"r aAar0ing attorn"B /""s an0 costs in /a<or o/ r"s-on0"nt.
(88%N8%ES
1. VS"" N!2, 3Ja?; W2l<is <. Stat", >a+ing Control B0., 99 N"<. 184, ''$ ,.0 98$ J1983?.
. VN!2, 4Ja?J4?.
3. VN!C, #$JD?; WN!C, #9JD?.
4. VN!C, 'J"?.
#. V97 N"<. ##$, ##3 nn. 1 M , '3# ,.0 98, 3$$ nn. 1 M J1981?.
'. V119 N"<. #1, #4&##, ' ,.30 741, 743 J$$3?.
7. V30. at #4, ' ,.30 at 74&43.
8. V30.
9. VS"" N!C, ' 0ra/t"rCs not" J$$4?.
1$. V30.
' Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
00275
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11. VS"", ".g., NaltB <. NaltB %r"" (ar+, '#4 (.Su--. 131# JS...2la.1987?; W%ushn"r <. 6.S. .ist.
Court /or C"nt. .ist. o/ Cal., 89 (.0 8#3 J9th Cir.1987?; W7"rro <. KuaE"r 8ats Co., 84 (.30 39
J7th Cir.199'?.
1. V'#4 (.Su--. at 1317.
13. V30.
14. V30.
1#. V30. at 1317&18.
1'. V84 (.30 39, 4.
17. V30.
18. V30.
19. V89 (.0 at 8##&#'.
$. V30. Jciting NaltB, '#4 (.Su--. at 1317?.
1. V30. at 8##&#'.
. V119 N"<. at #4, ' ,.30 at 74&43.
3. VN"lson <. 4""r, 11 N"<. 83, 1 ,.30 1#, 1#3 J$$#?.
4. VCusto+ CaDin"t, 119 N"<. at ##, ' ,.30 at 743.
#. V84 (.30 at 4.
'. VN!2, 4Ja?J4?.
7. VS"" 2lDios <. 4oriIon Co++uniti"s, 3nc., 1 N"<. 4$9, 13 ,.30 1$ J$$'?; W5cNair <.
!i<"ra, 11$ N"<. 4'3, 4'8 n. ', 874 ,.0 14$, 144 n. ' J1994?; WBra0l"B <. !o+"o, 1$ N"<. 1$3,
1$#, 71' ,.0 7, 8 J198'?; W:"st"rn 3n0us., 3nc. <. >"n"ral 3ns. Co., 91 N"<. , 9&3$, #33
,.0 473, 478 J197#?.
8. VS+ith <. CroAn (inancial S"r<ic"s, 111 N"<. 77, 89 n. , 89$ ,.0 7'9, 771 n. J199#?.
00276
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9. VS"" >u++ <. 5ainor, 118 N"<. 91, #9 ,.30 1$ J$$?.
3$. VN!2, 4Ja?J1?.
31. VS"", ".g., 5att"r o/ 2--lication o/ .uong, 118 N"<. 9$, 9&3, #9 ,.30 11$, 11 J$$?
Jconclu0ing that a ti+"lB /il"0 +otion to a+"n0 or +aE" a00itional /in0ings o/ /act toll"0 th" ti+" to
a--"al /ro+ a /inal Fu0g+"nt 0"nBing a -"tition to s"al cri+inal r"cor0s?; WCha-+an 3n0ustri"s <.
6nit"0 3nsuranc", 11$ N"<. 4#4, 4#7, 874 ,.0 739, 741 J1994? Jconclu0ing that ti+"lB /il"0 tolling
+otions toll"0 th" ti+" to a--"al /ro+ th" /inal Fu0g+"nt?; W2Dl" El"ctric, 3nc. <. =au/+an, 1$4 N"<.
9, 31&3, 7# ,.0 18, $ J1988? Jconclu0ing that a +otion to alt"r or a+"n0 toll"0 th" ti+" to
a--"al /ro+ th" /inal Fu0g+"nt?.
3. VS"", ".g., 4allicra/t"rs Co. <. 5oor", 1$ N"<. #', 78 ,.0 441 J198'?.
33. V(or+an <. Eagl" %hri/tB .rugs M 5arE"ts, 89 N"<. #33, #3', #1' ,.0 134, 13# J1973?,
o<"rrul"0 on oth"r groun0s DB >ar<in <. .ist. Ct., 118 N"<. 749, 7#1, #9 ,.30 118$, 1181 J$$?.H
:inston ,ro0ucts <. ."Bo"r, 1 N"<. 20<.8-. 48, 134 ,. 3r0 7' J$$'?;
%h" aDo<", a0+itt"0lB ")t"n0"0 citation, a--li"s to this issu"s at han0. :h"r"/or", th"
u0n"rsign"0 s""Es a co-B o/ th" 8r0"r /ro+ th" 11 3$ , $11 %rial, inclu0ing anB Cont"+-t 8r0"r,
Ahich +ust s"t /or th" Aith s-"ci/icitB -ursuant to 4ouston <. Eight @u0icial .istirct Court Ah"n
@u0g" ,o+"ranI" -ut 4ouston in cu//s /or aDout 3$ +inut"s, a cas" 3 a+ so+"Ahat aAar" o/:
Coughlin 5an0a+us:
htt-:11cas"in/o.n<su-r"+"court.us1-uDlic1cas"Vi"A.0oXcs33.Y74'
4ouston 5an0a+us:
htt-:11cas"in/o.n<su-r"+"court.us1-uDlic1cas"Vi"A.0oXcs33.Y14$#
.2%E. this ."c"+D"r 1'th, $11
Z1s1 Zach Coughlin
Zach Coughlin
."/"n0ant
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DECLARATION OF ZACH COUGHIN
1. 3 a+ th" ."/"n0ant in this action.
. 3 a+ not sur" ")actlB Ahat @u0g" 4oAar0 8r0"r"0 at th" conclusion o/ th" No<"+D"r $
th
,
$ll %rial
3. 3 ha<" not D""n "ntir"lB sur" Ahat th" 0i//"r"nc" is D"tA""n "+ails an0 /a)"s, as +anB -"o-l"
s"n0 /a)"s /ro+ th"ir co+-ut"rs, liE" "+ail, an0 it is +B un0"rstan0ing that all "l"ctronic
trans+issions, Ah"th"r t")t, soun0, <i0"o, Ahat"<"r, ar" ulti+at"lB Fust con<"rt"0 to s"ri"s o/
1Cs an0 $Cs....Non"th"l"ss, 3 ha<" r"a0 th" !5C! !ul" # on s"r<ic" o/ +otions DB /asci+il"
an0 +a0" r"asonaDl" att"+-ts to co+-lB Aith 5s. !oD"rts r"qu"st that 3 int"r-r"t that rul" to
+"an a trans+ission o/ 1Cs an0 $Cs that is not G"+ailH Das"0. 2s such, 3 /a) h"r /ro+ a /a)
nu+D"r o/ +in", 949&''7&74$ an0 ha<" /a)"0 h"r th" ."c"+D"r 13
th
5otion /or a N"A %rial,
"tc. to 5s. !oD"rts at h"r /a) nu+D"r. 3 EnoA o/ EnoA rul" that alloAs 5s. !oD"rts, a -uDlic
"+-loB"", to all th" su00"n 0"clar" a citiI"n is not alloA"0 to "+ail h"r, +uch l"ss o--osing
couns"l in a cas".
4. 2ttorn"Bs in -ri<at" -ractic", as /ar as 3 EnoA, +anag" to o-"n attach+"nts, us" S-BDot,
5alAar"DBt"s, Su-"r2ntiS-BAar", Ahat"<"r....th"B +aE" it ha--"n Aithout a su-"r Dloat"0
go<"rn+"ntal salarB an0 0onCt clai+ a G/"ar o/ <irus"sH shoul0 0ictat" "<"rBthing, in +B
o-inion.
#. 2t th" conclusion o/ th" No<"+D"r 3$
th
, $11 %rial, in0""0, s"<"ral hours -rior to its
conclusion "<"n, 3 Aas ")tr"+"lB /aint an0 it Aas <"rB 0i//icult to /unction at th" l"<"l
n"c"ssarB to -ut on a 0"/"ns". 3 0o not Aish to go into th" AhBCs an0 Ah"r"/or"s o/ this, it
00278
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+aB in<ol<"0 2.21-ri<acB issu"s1+"0ical issu"s, Dut, su//ic" to saB, 3 in no AaB coul0 ha<"
i+agin"0 that th" !5C Aoul0 s"" /it to hol0 "<"rBon" th"r", +anB g"tting -ai0 quit" a Dit o/
o<"rti+", in so+" incr"0iDl" "//ort to +aE" sur" this on" littl" ol0 -"tit larc"nB trial got 0on"
su-"r, su-"r /ast. 3 coul0 ha<" n"<"r i+agin"0 that th" %rial Aoul0 continu" until al+ost 9 -+
at night, AhB, in +B ")-"ri"nc", go<"rn+"nt "+-loB""s g"n"rallB l"a<" th"ir o//ic" Duil0ings
as soon a/t"r # -+ as hu+anlB -ossiDl". 2s such, 3 Aas in no AaB -r"-ar"0,
-hBsicallB1+"ntallB1+"0icallB, "tc. to continu" on that lat" into th" "<"ning.
'. 2--ar"ntlB, at th" clos" o/ %rial, @u0g" 4oAar0 +a0" a ruling. 3 ha<" r"c"i<"0 con/licting
r"-orts as to Ah"th"r th" !5C is ass"rting that 3 "nt"r"0 a guiltB -l"a J3 0o not D"li"<" that
ass"rtion co+-orts Aith r"alitB in anB AaB? or Ah"th"r @u0g" 4oAar0 +a0" a /in0ing o/
Cont"+-t co++itt"0 in th" -r"s"nc" o/ th" Court .$3$ an0 su++arilB s"nt"nc"0 +" to
thr"" 0aBs in Fail, Aith no -ossiDilitB o/ staB or a--"llat" r"<i"A, 0"s-it" @u0g" 4oAar0 ha<ing
0"ni"0 +" +B Si)th 2+"n0+"nt !ight %o Couns"l, assuring +" h" Aoul0 not or0"r anB
incarc"ration. 3 outlin"0 to @u0g" 4oAar0 Ahat a 0"<astating "//"ct his ruling +ight ha<" on
+B cli"nts cas"s to th" ")t"nt h" Aas not a//or0ing +" anB o--ortunitB to h"l- th"+ +aE"
oth"r arrang"+"nts to a<oi0 -r"Fu0icing th"ir cas"s, an0 @u0g" 4oAar0 agr""0 that h" Aas sa0
aDout that th"n angrilB l"/t th" D"nch a/t"r ")clai+ing so+"thing liE" GA" ar" o// th" r"cor0H.
7. 2t that -oint @u0g" 4oAar0Cs t"a+ o/ 5arshalls J3 thinE aDout /our o/ th" 5arshalls, at l"ast
A"r" AorEing at o<"rti+" Aag"s at that -oint in th" night to insur" that th" :al&5art cl"rE
Aoul0 not D" Dur0"n"0 DB ha<ing to r"turn to court 0uring nor+al Dusin"ss hours shoul0 a
continuanc" ha<" D""n grant"0? stor+"0 u- to +" an0 0"+an0"0 3 assu+" a han0cu//"0
-osition, 0"s-it" +B -assionat" -l"as that 3 n""0"0 to D" aDl" to hit th" Gsa<"H Dutton on +B
not"s /ro+ th" trial on +B n"tDooE co+-ut"r. %h" 5arshals tol0 +" that Aas not alloA"0 to
00279
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hit th" Gsa<"H Dutton an0 that th"B 0i0nCt car" aDout +B not"s D"ing lost. 3ts r"allB Aas quit"
r"+arEaDl" th" ")t"nt to Ahich th"s" 5arshals tr"at"0 +" liE" 3 Fust EnocE"0 o// a liquor stor"
Aith a /ir"ar+, -istol Ahi--"0 th" cashi"r, th"n ha--"n"0 u-on th"+ in th" -arEing lot a/t"r
th"B Aitn"ss"0 th" "ntir" "<"nt.
8. 3 Aas taE"n DacE to a hol0ing c"ll /or s"<"ral +inut"s, Ah"r"u-on 3 Aas su++on"0 DacE into
th" court roo+ an0 @u0g" 4oAar0s -r"s"nc" Ah"r" h" talE"0 so+" +or". 2s 3 r"call, @u0g"
4oAar0 +"ntion"0 a 1$ 0aB li+itations -"rio0 or 0"a0lin" that Aoul0 D" running /ro+ th"
notic" o/ "ntrB o/ his V"r0ict an0 Cont"+-t (in0ing. @u0g" 4oAar0 +"ntion"0 that, gi<"n
that h" Aas incarc"rating +" /or th" n")t 3 0aBs, h" Aas going to ")t"n0 all 0"a0lin"s Ahich
+ight a--lB to anB notic"s o/ a--"al or +otions s""Eing a n"A trial, to s"t asi0" th" Fu0g+"nt,
<acat", "tc an a00itional thr"" 0aBs a/t"r th" nor+al ti+" on Ahich thos" li+itations -"rio0s
Aoul0 run. @u0g" 4oAar0 s""+"0 to ")-lain that this Aoul0 ha<" th" "//"ct o/ gi<ing +"
+or" ti+" to un0"rtaE" to /il" th"s" -l"a0ings, +otions, an0 notic"s i/ 3 so choos" so that th"
su++arB incarc"ration JAhich @u0g" 4oAar0 Aas sur" to -oint out Aoul0 not D" DailaDl" or
oth"rAis" circu+<"nt"0 DB anB att"+-ts to acc"ss Fustic"? Aoul0 not -r"Fu0ic" +B aDilitB to
0o so. 2s 3 un0"rstoo0 it this +"ant l"ngth"ning th" ti+" 3 ha0 to /il" such -a-"rs, not
short"ning it, an0 @u0g" 4oAar0 s""+"0 to in0icat" that th" -"rio0 to /il" such things Aoul0
still D" a0Fu0g"0 to D" Aithin th" 11 0aBs or l"ss cit"0 in N!C, 'Ja?, an0, as such, non
Fu0icial 0aBs Aoul0 not count toAar0s th" 1$ 0aBs Aithin Ahich 3 +ust /il" th" <arious -ost
V"r0ict -a-"rs 3 +ight Aant to /il". @u0g" 4oAar0 s""+"0 to in0icat" that th" thr"" a00itional
0aBs h" Aas granting +" Aoul0 D" a00"0 on a/t"r th" ")-iration o/ thos" 1$ non Fu0icial 0aBs
/ro+ notic" o/ "ntrB o/ @u0g" 4oAar0Cs 8r0"r Aas /il"0 Aith th" !5C an0 s"r<"0 u-on +".
00280
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9. 3t is +B r"coll"ction that @u0g" 4oAar0 th"n l"/t th" courtroo+ an0 3 Aas l"/t alon" Aith
aDout 4 5arshals, all coll"cting o<"rti+". 2t that -oint th" got a Dit rough Aith +" an0
start"0 s-"aEing in <"rB hostil", o+inous ton"s, sho<ing so+" -a-"rs in /ront o/ +B /ac", Dut
not long "nough /or +" to D" aDl" to r"a0 th"+ or 0isc"rn Ahat th"B r"lat"0 to. %h" 5arshals
D"gan 0"+an0ing that 3 sign th"s" -a-"rs. 3 asE"0 th"+ i/ th"B A"r" +ortgag" 0ocu+"nts or
-"rha-s so+" stu0"nt loan agr""+"nts or oth"r sorts o/ 0ocu+"nts /or Ahich anB r"asonaDl"
-"rson Aoul0 Aant an o--ortunitB to r"<i"A -rior to signing. %his +a0" th" 5arshals "<"n
+or" angrB than th"B nor+allB s""+, an0 th"B tB-icallB s""+ <"rB, <"rB angrB +ost o/ th"
ti+", to +" at l"ast. 3n /act, 5arshal 5"ntI"l, at 5B 8ctoD"r 11
th
, $11 arraign+"nt ha0
D"co+" "nrag"0 Aith +" /or asEign qu"stions aDout +B Si)th 2+"n0+"nt !ight to Couns"l. 3
r"-ort"0 this to th" court an0 "<"n +a0" a notation aDout it, 3 D"li"<", on th" 0ocu+"nt
5arshal 5"ntI"l 0"+an0"0 3 sign on that 0aB. %hat sa+" 0aB 5arshal 5"ntI"l criticiI"0 +"
to +B /ac" a/t"r 3 a--"ar"0 D"/or" @u0g" >ar0n"r /or th" arraign+"nt. 5"ntI"l tol0 +" 3 ha0
asE"0 @u0g" >ar0n"r stu-i0 qu"stions, an0 3 D"li"<" h" +a0" so+" oth"r insulting an0
thr"at"ning r"+arEs to +" at that ti+", Dut 3 a+ a Dit a/rai0 to g"t into h"r" in +uch 0"tail.
1$. So, on No<"+D"r 3$
th
, $11, a/t"r @u0g" 4oAar0 l"/t th" courtroo+ th" 5arshals Aoul0 not
l"t +" r"a0 th" -a-"rs th"B Aant"0 +" to sign /or +or" than a s"con0 or tAo D"/or" th"B
D"gan houn0ing +" to sign th"+ in angrB an0 thr"at"ning ton"s. 3 Aas so 0istraught /ro+ th"
<arious irr"gulariti"s 3 -"rc"i<"0 in th" %rial, an0 that Aas onlB co+-oun0"0 DB th" thuggish
D"ha<ior o/ th" 5arshals, Aho quicElB in/or+"0 +" that th"B 0i0nCt ha<" ti+" /or +" to r"a0
anBthing an0 0ragg"0 +" aAaB to th" 3 0aBs o/ incarc"ration 3 /ac"0, Ahil" +B car Aas sur"
to g"t toA"0 J"s-"ciallB consi0"ring th" ."-ut""s at th" :asho" CountB @ail saA /it to r"/us"
to alloA +" to +aE" +or" than, 3 D"li"<", a singl" -hon" call, shortlB a/t"r arri<ing at th" Fail,
00281
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Ah"r"u-on th"B A"nt into th"ir usual routin" o/ r"taliating against on" Aho r"/us"s to 0i<ulg"
th"ir r"ligious -r"/"r"nc" or on" Aho cannot ansA"r all o/ th"ir highlB in<asi<" qu"stions Aith
th" ")act 0"gr"" o/ s-"ci/icitB th"B 0"+an0. %his r"taliation, in +B cas", inclu0"0 /orcing +"
into so+" sort o/ -osition on +B En""s ")tr"+"lB clos" to th" crotch"s o/ s"<"ral :CS8
."-ut""s in so+" sort o/ sa0istic /orc"0 si+ulation o/ +B -"r/or+ing oral s") u-on th"+, at
l"ast /ro+ +B -oint o/ <i"A. 3 Aas -lac"0 in a /r""Iing col0 roo+, Aith a c"+"nt /loor, DB
+Bs"l/, in r"taliaton /or /ailing to 0isclos" +B r"ligious -r"/"r"nc" an0 in0icating that 3 Aas
not ")actlB sur" hoA +uch +on"B 3 +a0" "ach +onth gi<"n th" <ariaDl" natur" o/ +B
co+-"nsation. 3 Aas -lac" alon" in a hol0ing c"ll Aith nothing Dut a Aoo0"n D"nch, an0 th"
ic" col0 c"+"nt /loor 0u" to th" c"ll D"ing s"qu"st"r"0 aAaB /ro+ th" Duil0ings h"at sourc"s,
inclu0ing oth"r -"o-l". 5B 0og Aas l"/t to /"n0 /or its"l/. 5B 0og Aas /"atur" in this
."c"+D"rCs N"<a0a 7aAB"r +agaIin", @acEson ,aAlucE, a 3 B"ar ol0 ,"Eingn"s".
11. 3 .aBs lat"r Ah"n 3 Aas r"l"as" /ro+ Fail, th" -"rsonal -ro-"rtB r"turn"0 to +" 0i0 not
inclu0"0 anB V"r0ict or Cont"+-t (in0ing18r0"r r"lat"0 to th" No<"+D"r 3$
th
, $11 %rial in
!5C 11 C! 17'. 3 call"0 s"<"ral ti+"s in th" 0aBs /olloAing +B r"l"as" an0 s-oE" Aith
V"ronica 7o-"I Jthough it tooE s"<"ral 0aBs to asc"rtain h"r last na+" gi<"n that n"ith"r sh"
nor anBon" associat"0 Aith th" !5C Aoul0 0i<ulg" it to +"? Aho+ in/or+"0 +" that 3 ha0
D""n s"r<"0 @u0g" 4oAar0Cs 8r0"r at th" conclusion o/ th" No<"+D"r 3$
th
, $11 %rial. 5s.
7o-"I i++"0iat"lB tooE a DullBing, hostil", aggr"ssi<" ton" Aith +" that s""+ co+-l"t"lB out
o/ -lac" co+ing /ro+ h"r gi<"n th" -osition o/ authoritB th" -uDlic has "ntrust"0 h"r Aith an0
Ahat 3 /""l is a 0utB on h"r -art to att"+-t to co+" across as GFu0icialH rath"r than tBrannical.
1. 3 in/or+"0 5s. 7o-"I that 3 0i0 not /""l 3 ha0 D""n s"r<"0 at all, an0 that 3 Aas not at all sur"
Ahat sh" Aas r"/"rring to, Dut that 3 Aoul0 0"/init"lB liE" to g"t a co-B o/ anB 8r0"r
00282
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i++"0iat"lB, as A"ll as a co-B o/ th" au0io o/ th" %rial. 3 D"li"<" 5s. 7o-"I in/or+"0 +"
that 3 Aoul0 not D" alloA"0 a co-B o/ th" au0io, Dut that 3 Aoul0 n""0 to -aB /or a transcri-t to
D" +a0". 3 a+ sur", hoA"<"r, that a /"+al" !5C /iling o//ic" count"r "+-loB"" tol0 +" on
or aDout th" sa+" 0aB that 3 Aoul0 not "<"r D" -ro<i0"0 a co-B o/ th" au0io r"cor0ing o/ th"
trial Dut that 3 Aoul0 n""0 to -aB to ha<" a transcri-t +a0", an0 that 3 coul0 onlB us" ,a+
7ongoni, th" !5CCs 8//icial %ranscri-tist.
13. 3 call"0 5s. 7ongoni an0 Ah"n 3 /inallB got ahol0 o/ h"r sh" in/or+"0 +" that sh" Aoul0 n""0
th" !5C to alloA h"r acc"ss to th" au0io J0"s-it" h"r D"ing GlinE"0H to th" !5CCs sBst"+s?,
an0 that until that Aas 0on", sh" coul0 not quot" +" an "sti+at" /or th" transcri-t cost, nor
coul0 sh" acc"-t anB -aB+"nt /or+ +". 3 D"li"<" 5s. 7ongoni /urth"r in0icat"0 to +" that 3
Aoul0 not D" aDl" to g"t a co-B o/ th" actual au0io r"cor0ing "ith"r
14. 3 ha<" s"nt s"<"ral Aritt"n co++unications an0 ha0 s"<"ral <"rDal co++unications Aith ..
Ballar0 an0 oth"r !5C -"rsonn"l ")-r"ssing +B ")ig"nt 0"sir" to g"t a co-B o/ th" au0io o/
th" %rial, an0 hoA n"c"ssarB it Aas to -r"-aring /ilings1+otions1-l"a0ings /or Ahich 3 ha0 a
<"rB li+it"0 -"rio0 o/ ti+" to cra/t.
1#. B"/or", Ahil", an0 a/t"r s-"aEing Aith 5s. Ballar0, a g"ntl"+an Ahos" na+" "sca-"s +" Dut
Aho is a /iling count"r cl"rE at th" !5C tol0 +" 3 Aoul0 n""0 to g"t a suD-o"na to g"t a co-B
o/ th" !5C 0ocE"t in +B cas", an0 that h" coul0nCt gi<" +" co-i"s o/ anBthing in +B cas",
c"rtainlB not th" 8r0"r st"++ing /ro+ th" No<"+D"r 3$
th
, $11 %rial, that h" 0i0 not ha<"
acc"ss to such, an0 "<"n i/ h" 0i0, Aoul0 not -ro<i0" it, an0 that his sBst"+ 0i0 not shoA
"ntrB o/ anBthing in conn"ction Aith th" No<"+D"r 3$
th
, $11 %rial. 4" /urth"r <"ri/i"0 that
th"r" ha0 not D""n anB "ntrB in his G0ocE"tH /or !5C 11 C!17' 3 an0 that no Notic" o/
EntrB o/ 8r0"r or EntrB o/ 8r0"r ")ist"0 in his sBt"+ or co+-ut"r /or that +att"r /olloAing
00283
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th" %rial. 4" 0i0 in0icat" that Gth"BH sai0 th" 5otion /or N"A %rial that 3 ha0 r"c"ntlB /il"0
Aas ti+"lB, an0 3 D"li"<" h" sai0 Gth"BH sai0 th" 0aB h" an0 3 A"r" curr"ntlB s-"aEing Aas
Gth" last 0aB th"B ga<" Bou to /il"H, Ahich 3 D"li"<" %u"s0aB, ."c"+D"r 13
th
, an0 gi<"n th"
Ga00itional 3 0aBsH languag" that 3 r"call @u0g" 4oAar0 +"ntioning h" Aas a00ing on to
alloA +" +or" ti+" to /il", Aoul0 +"an that Gth"BH J3 tooE Gth"BH to D" GV"ronicaH, Aho+
th" g"ntl"+an cl"rE st"a0/astlB r"/us"0 to i0"nti/B DB last na+" an0 /or Ahich th" -hon"
nu+D"r h" Arot" 0oAn /or +" in his oAn han0Ariting Aith GV"ronicaH Aritt"n out turn"0 out
to D" a 0isconn"ct"0 nu+D"r? ha0 assu+"0 s"r<ic" Aas a--ro-riat"lB -"r/or+"0 at th"
conclusion o/ th" %rial, an0 that 13 0aBs D"gan running on th" /olloAing 0aB, that th" hal/ a
0aB th" !5C is o-"n on (ri0aBs Aoul0 count as a /ull Fu0icial 0aB, an0 that non Fu0icial 0aBs
Aoul0 D" inclu0"0 in counting toAar0s this 13 0aBs gi<"n th" AaB Gth"BH or GV"ronicaH ha0
int"r-r"t"0 @u0g" 4oAar0Cs 8r0"r, a--ar"ntlB in a AaB that +a0" th" ti+" 3 ha0 to /il" th"s"
<arious -a-"rs short"r than it Aoul0 ha<" D""n ha0 @u0g" 4oAar0 si+-lB not grant"0 an
a00itional thr"" 0aBs gi<"n th" 0ictat"s o/ not counting non Fu0icial 0aBs in N!C, 'J"?. 3t is
+B un0"rstan0ing, hoA"<"r, th" 3 ha<" not "<"n D""n s"r<"0 this V"r0ict18r0"r, an0 that anB
li+itations -"rio0 +ust not "<"n D"gin running until 3 a+ a--ro-riat"lB s"r<"0. V"ronica
a0+itt"0 to +" on th" -hon", 3 D"li"<" on 5on0aB or %u"s0aB Ah"n 3 call"0 h"r /ro+ th"
/r"" -hon" in th" :asho" CountB 7aA liDrarB Aith laA liDarian "+-loB"" 7in0a BlaE"l"B
sitting Aithin "arshot, that th" !5C /"lt it ha0 a--ro-riat"lB s"r<"0 +" th" 8r0"r at th"
conlcusion o/ th" trial an0 ha0 /ail"0 to oth"rAis" s"n0 +" a co-B in th" +ail or DB /a). 3
asE"0 5s. 7o-"I i/ 3 coul0 g"t a co-B o/ th" 8r0"r, as A"ll as anB oth"r 8r0"rs that ha0 D""n
issu"0 in th" cas". Sh" agr"" to /a) +" onlB th" 8r0"r /ro+ th" conclusion o/ th" No<"+D"r
3$
th
, $11 %rial, r"/using to -ro<i0" anB oth"r 8r0"rs. 2s o/ B"t, 0"s-it" r"a0ing DacE to h"r
00284
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+B /a) nu+D"r at l"ast tAic", 3 ha<" B"t to r"c"i<" a /a) containing anBthing /ro+ th" !5C,
+uch l"ss th" 8r0"r /olloAing th" No<"+D"r 3$, $11 %rial. 2lso, th" Cont"+-t 8r0"r is not
su//ici"ntlB s-"ci/ic, an0 @u0g" 4oAar0s lacE th" Furis0iction to -r"<"nt a citiI"n /ro+
contacting anB !5C "+-loB"" D" "+ail /or GanBH r"ason. 3t is that sort o/ "<i0"nt
i+-artialitB an0 Gnot <"rB Fu0icialH D"ha<ior that augurs toAar0 s"tting asi0" this V"r0ict, in
a00ition to @u0g" 4oAar0Cs "staDlish"0 -att"rn o/ 0"nBing +otions D"/or" th" ti+" /or th"
CitB 2ttB to "<"n r"s-on0 has Dar"lB "<"n D"gun. %h" CitB attB Aas /a)"0 th" 1 13 11
+otion. (urth"r %o+, o/ th" !5C /iling 0"sE tol0 Coughlin to "+ail his s-"ci/ic qu"stion to
@u0g" 4oAar0 an0 th" !5C a0+inistrati<" assistant.
2,,73C2%38N (8! .E(E!!27 8! :23VE! 8( C86!% (EES 2N. C8S%
%his is an 2--lication /or ."/"rral o/ Court (""s an0 Costs.
S%2%E5EN%S 52.E %8 %4E C86!% 6N.E! 82%4. 3 sA"ar or a//ir+ that th" in/or+ation in this a--lication is
tru" an0 corr"ct. 3 +aE" this stat"+"nt un0"r th" -"naltB o/ -ros"cution /or -"rFurB i/ it is 0"t"r+in"0 that 3 0i0 not t"ll th"
truth.
3 a+ r"qu"sting a 0"/"rral or Aai<"r o/ th" /olloAing /""s an0 costs in +B cas":
ZZZ)ZZZ2nB or all o/ th" /olloAing: 2ll /iling /""s; /""s /or th" issuanc" o/ "ith"r a su++ons an0 suD-o"na;
ZZZ)ZZZ(""s /or oDtaining on" c"rti/i"0 co-B o/ a t"+-orarB or0"r in a 0o+"stic r"lations cas" or a /inal or0"r, Fu0g+"nt
or 0"cr"" in all cri+inal -roc""0ings.
ZZZ)ZZZ(""s /or s"r<ic" o/ -roc"ss DB a sh"ri//, +arshal, constaDl" or laA "n/orc"+"nt. (""s /or s"r<ic" DB -uDlication.
ZZZTZZZ(iling /""s an0 -hotoco-B /""s /or th" -r"-aration o/ th" r"cor0 on a--"al.
ZZZTZZZCourt r"-ort"r[s /""s o/ r"-ort"rs or transcriD"rs "+-loB"0 DB th" court /or th" -r"-aration o/ th" transcri-t.
%h" Dasis /or th" r"qu"st is:
1. :23VE!: 3 a+ -"r+an"ntlB unaDl" to -aB. 5B inco+" an0 liqui0 ass"ts ar" insu//ici"nt or Dar"lB su//ici"nt to +""t
th" 0ailB "ss"ntials o/ li/" an0 unliE"lB to chang" in th" /or"s""aDl" /utur".
. .E(E!!27:
a. 5B inco+" is insu//ici"nt or is Dar"lB su//ici"nt to +""t th" 0ailB "ss"ntials o/ li/", an0 inclu0"s no allot+"nt that coul0
D" Du0g"t"0 /or th" /""s an0 costs that ar" r"quir"0 to gain acc"ss to th" court.
D. 3 0o not ha<" th" +on"B to -aB th" court /""s an0 costs noA. 3 0o not EnoA i/ 3 can -aB th" /""s an0 costs at a lat"r
0at".
2((3!52%38N ,ursuant to N!S 39B.$3$
%h" un0"rsign"0 0o"s h"r"DB a//ir+ that th" -r"c"0ing 0ocu+"nt 0o"s not contain
00285
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th" social s"curitB nu+D"r o/ anB -"rson.
,ursuant to N!S #3.$4#, 3 0"clar" un0"r -"naltB o/ -"rFurB that th" /or"going is tru" an0 corr"ct. E)"cut"0 on ."c"+D"r
1', $11
.2%E. this ."c"+D"r 19th, $11
Z1s1 Zach Coughlin
Zach Coughlin
."/"n0ant
00286
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,!88( 8( SE!V3CE
3, Zach Coughlin, 0"clar":
8n ."c"+D"r 19, $11, 3, 5r. Zach Coughlin s"r<"0 th" /or"going 0ocu+"nt DB an0 /a)ing a
tru" co-B th"r"o/ to:
,a+"la > !oD"rts, Esq.
!"no CitB 2ttorn"BCs 8//ic" & Cri+inal .i<ison
2,.8. Bo) 19$$ !"no , NV 89#$#
,hon" Nu+D"r: 77#&334&$#$
(a) nu+D"r: 77#&334&4$
E+ail: roD"rts-*r"no.go<
an0 "+ailing to th" !5C an0 /a)ing to th" !5C J.. Ballar0 a--ro<"0 "+ail /iling?.
!"no 5unici-al Court
r"no+unir"cor0s*r"no.go<
Cl"rE120+inistrator
!"no 5unici-al Court
8n" South Si"rra Str""t
!"no, N"<a0a 89#$1
(a): 77# 3' #1$#
.2%E. %43S19th 0aB o/ ."c"+D"r, $11 B9:
\ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Zach Coughlin
."/"n0ant
00287
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in0") to ")hDits:
1. coll"ction o/ -a-"rs r"l"<ant to s"tting asi0", inclu0ing, in<"ntorB o/ -ro-"rtB r"turn"0 to
Coughlin u-on r"l"as" /ro+ 3 0aBs Failing on 11111, uninitilia"0, B"t /il"0 sta+-"0 11 3$ 11
8r0"r, no signatur" o/ Coughlin on 8r0"r, inconclusi<" Ah"th"r Gr"/us"0H on signatur" +"ans
r"/us"0 to sign, r"/us"0 to hol0, "tc. 5arshals E"-t or0"r or oth"rAis" 0i0 not alloA Coughlin
to 0o anBthing, liE" sa<" co+-ut"r not"s /or+ trial, +uch l"ss -ut a -a-"r in his Dag....!5C
Gr"cC0 0at" sta+-"0 0isco<"rB that !5C tol0 Coughlin it 0i0 not ha<" 0"s-it" nu+"rous
Aritt"n r"qu"sts /ro+ Coughlin /or it. 8 J"ight? -ag"s
. Sa+-l" o/ CoughlinCs r"c"nt AorE as an attorn"B, /or Ahich h" has D""n -ai0 a gran0 total o/
S#$ so /ar Car-"nti"r <. 2a+"s CV$8&17$9,
3. 2noth"r sa+-l" o/ CoughlinCs AorE, /or Ahich h" Aas -ai0 S#$: Ca0l" V ="ll"r 2, in B=
00288
EXHIBIT 1
00289
00290
00291
00292
00293
00294
00295
00296
00297

00298

EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE
Nevada is one of the Western States of the US that are Non-Judicial States. In these
states, foreclosures are governed by State Civil Code. These homeoners have it the
toughest being in a non-!udicial state, "enders need not #rove anything. They can sim#ly
notify the homeoner of the default, then after a certain number of days, as defined
under State Civil Code, the #ro#erty then #roceeds to a Trustee sale at a #ublic auction.
The only o#tion available to you if you are a Non-Judicial State resident is for you to
file a civil action against your lender to com#el them to #rovide #roof of claim, and
therefore standing. The other o#tion is to declare ban$ru#tcy. In ban$ru#tcy, generally
EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE %
&
'ach Coughlin, (s).
*%+ N. ,irginia St. -.
/eno, N, *012%
Tele3 ++1-..0-4+5+
6a73 080-44+-+82.
'achCoughlin9hotmail.com
:ttorney for Joni and James Car#entier
J:;(S C:/<(NTI(/, (T :",
<laintiff
v.
::;(S 6UN=IN> C?/< (T:",
=efendant

Case No3 C,2*-2%+20
=e#t No3 +
EMERGENCY MOTION FOR
TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET
ASIDE; MOTION FOR SANTIONS
IN T@( S(C?N= JU=ICI:" =IST/ICT C?U/T ?6 T@(
ST:T( ?6 N(,:=: IN :N= 6?/
T@( C?UNTA ?6 W:S@?(
00299
s#ea$ing, you have to o#tions, Cha#ter + Bno assetC or a Cha#ter %5 BassetC. What some
homeoners do is to declare Cha#ter + and list their #ro#erty as an unsecured asset and
ait for the lender to ob!ect. This then #uts the burden of #roof on the lender. If your
loan as closed ith lender : and is being foreclosed on by "ender D or C ... there must
be Bby laC a valid chain of assignment to sho that "ender C is the real and beneficial
#arty of interest. Decause of the #roblem of securitiEation, this is never done. This
creates a real #roblem for the "ender Bho is fran$ly doing this fraudulently anyay,
allegedlyC. 6or those ith a lot of assets Bsuch as e)uity in their homesC, they can do a
Cha#ter %5. Under a Cha#ter %5 ban$ru#tcy, you can file an :dversary <roceeding
here you sue your lender to com#el them to #roduce valid #roof of claim. The beauty
ith Dan$ru#tcy Court is that you have the la on your side. /ule 522% BdC of the
6ederal Code of Dan$ru#tcy re)uires that your lender #rovide evidence of F#erfected
title.F If you choose to file a civil action against your lender, you better have #roof. The
best #roof you can bring is a securitiEation audit to #rove that your loan has been
securitiEed. Then, or$ ith your layer to build an argument around the #oints
outlined in this boo$. Unfortunately, this ill set you bac$ at the minimum &1222, and
more li$ely closer to &%2,222 to &.1,222. :nother o#tion you could do is to do a F)uic$
reconveyance methodF as discussed in Cha#ter 8. This can be very effective in sto##ing
your servicerGs ability to foreclose because it closes out the =eed of TrustH;ortgage.
This method is only a##licable hen you have clear evidence of movement or
securitiEation. Aou can find out more about this method on our ebsite under the
<roducts tab. :lternatively, if you cannot afford a layer, you could try to do this
yourself. >reat #laces to start are "iving"ies.com and sto#foreclosurefraud.com. These
are blogs ith lots of articles, sam#le #leadings and lots of other resources I used during
my research. :nother o#tion is to !oin our foreclosure defense membershi# #rogram.
We realiEed that there are S? ;:NA homeoners needing hel#. That is hy e
develo#ed a coaching membershi# #rogram ith s#ecific information and resources to
hel# homeoners ith their foreclosure defense. ?ur membershi# #rogram has sam#le
#leadings, sam#le res#onses, forms and #rocedures others have used in their foreclosure
EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE .
00300
defense. Aou ill also be able to netor$ ith other homeoners local to you ... meet
ith them to have coffee, and su##ort each other. 6or more information about this
#rogram, come to our ebsite at3 htt#3HH.consumerdefense#rograms.com : good
#lace to start, if you are in a Non-Judicial State, is to start riting to your lender to
demand that they #roduce valid #roof of claim. Aou can find a cou#le of sam#le letters
on our site. This ill be a good #lace to get started.
C?;( N?W, <laintiffs J:;(S S. C:/<(NTI(/ and J?:N (.
C:/<(NTI(/, by and through their attorney, 'ach Coughlin, (s), as and for their
claims for relief and hereby alleges and avers as follos. ?n July %1, .2%% a Notice
of (ntry of ?rder as entered in the courtGs doc$et shoing an ?rder granting
/(SI=(NTI:" C/(=IT S?"UTI?NS INC, :N= IU:"ITA "?:N S(/,IC(
C?/<?/:TI?NGS ;?TI?N 6?/ SU;;:/A JU=>;(NT. Counsel Coughlin
admits at the outset that this motion is somehat thron together in a rush.
@oever, Coughlin only !ust became counsel of record in this case ith a very
limited number of hours to file this motion. To that e7tent, Coughlin has herein cited
to 6ederal authority for basic things, such as the standard for a ;otion for
/econsideration Band barely, if any tolling authority to get #ast the .2 day
re)uirement of W=C/ %5B+C and /ule %. is included herein, hoever, Coughlin
commits to curing such deficiencies in short order and to ma$e great efforts not to
#re!udice o##osing counsel ith unsu##orted argument or allegations hilst still
Eealously #rotecting his clients rights. This is easier said than done given the the
inordinately ve7atious conduct the undersigned has been sub!ected to lately incident
to a rongful eviction stemming from a Commercial "ease here non-#ayment of
rent as not alleged, yet a Summary (viction <roceeding too$ #lace anyay, and to
to# it off, a rent escro de#osit as forced u#on the undersigned to the tune of
EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE 5
00301
&.,.+4 in the middle of the Summary (viction <roceeding, in direct violation of N/S
82..15B4C, and JC/C< *5. I in #re#aring this filing and in relation to the date of the
TrusteeGs sale, set for =ecember .%, .2%% Bo##osing counsel Schuler-@intE did send
an email to the undersigned late in the night of =ecember %*, .2%%, asserting that the
Trustee Sale has been #ost#oned again to early 6ebruary, .2%., and, not to im#ugn
;s. Schuler-@intE credibility, but there does seem to be authority to suggest to
Trustee Sales and the attendant scheduling changes, es#ecially those not reduced to a
ritten sti#ulation, are a very hard thing to #in donC. This is the second time the
undersigned has sent o##osing counsel some eleventh hour corres#ondence, only to
me told, basically, Joh, the sale as moved a cou#le days agoK des#ite the fact that
neither the undersigned or either of his clients Bthe timing of hose divorce
dovetailed )uite nicely ith this foreclosure matterC as (,(/ informed of either of
these #ost#onements of the scheduled TrusteeGs Sales and here the undersigned has
no reason to believe that these sales are being #ost#oned for any reason other than the
undersignedGs s)ua$ing, and here o##osing counsel has continually failed to
#rovide any #roof that these #ost#onements occurred #rior to said s)ua$ing Bthe
undersigned does recogniEe that it is #ossible that such #ost#onements are a matter of
the #ublic record and that such a hunch by the undersigned might be !ust #lain
rongC.
The undersigned hereby re)uires the trustee to verify a com#rehensive list of
issues related to the legal nature of the foreclosure #roceedings enacted by the lender,
hich as a by#roduct, Car#entier as homeoner still retains full onershi# of the
#ro#erty and lives there. The Trustee assumes the liability in auctioning the #ro#erty,
and should not foreclose on the #ro#erty if there is a #otential violation #ointed out
00302
to them #rior to the :uction Sale =ate as they could face sanctions and ultimately
lose their license. To that end, the undersigned see$s a definite e7tension of time to
verify these matters Band the overcome the deleterious effect rought on the
undersigned life and la #ractice by the rongful eviction and alleged a##lication of
an unlaful rent distraint and other bad faith conduct by the defendant and his
counsel in /eno Justice Court case /ev.2%%-22%+2*. While Trustees are incredibly
busy and generating huge #rofits and often continually #ost#one the sale date to
#rovide themselves ade)uate time to research and res#ond to the issues raised by the
undersigned to #rotect themselves, such has not been reduced to a ritten sti#ulation,
as such this filing is necessary.
FACTS
%. :t all times mentioned herein, <laintiffs James S. Car#entier and Joan (.
Car#entier, hereinafter collectively referred to as JC:/<(NTI(/,K are husband and
ife residing in the County of Washoe, State of Nevada.
.. =efendants, =?(S I through LL are fictitious namesM that <laintiffs are
ignorant of the true names of the individuals, cor#orations, co-#artnershi#s, and
associations so designated by said fictitious names, and hen the true names are
discovered, <laintiffs ill see$ leave to amend this Com#laint and #roceedings
herein to substitute the true name of said =efendants. <laintiffs believe that each of
the =efendants designated herein as =?( is negligent or res#onsible in some manner
for the events herein referred to and negligently, carelessly, rec$lessly and in a
manner that as grossly negligent and illful and anton, caused damages
#ro7imately thereby to the <laintiffs as herein alleged.
5. :t all times mentioned herein, C:/<(NTI(/ is the oner of certain real
#ro#erty commonly $non as .*+5 Sunny Slo#e =rive, S#ar$s Nevada *0858,
Washoe County :ssessors <arcel Number 252-20%-%., hereinafter referred to as the
00303
J</?<(/TA,K and more #articularly described as follo3
"?T 4 ?6 "(WIS @?;(S-S<:/NS N?. 1-:, :CC?/=IN> T? T@( ;:<
T@(/(?6, 6I"(= IN T@( ?66IC( ?6 T@( C?UNTA /(C?/=(/ ?6
W:S@?( C?UNTA, ST:T( ?6 N(,:=: ?N JU"A%0, %0+4, :S 6I"( N?.
8%+5%0 :N= :S T/:CT ;:< N?. %1*+.
8. ?n or about ;ay 8, .221, C:/<(NTI(/ had an e7isting mortgage
against the </?<(/TA in the a##ro7imate #rinci#al amount of &%12,222.22
1. ?n or about ;ay 8, .221, C:/<(NTI(/ as in default and in financial
trouble ith regard to the e7isting first =eed of Trust in that James S. Car#entier
became in!ured, as unable to or$, as receiving only or$manOs com#ensation
#ayments, and Joan (. Car#entier at that time as unem#loyed.
4. ?n or about ;ay 8, .221, C:/<(NTI(/ as unable to meet their
current obligations under the first Note and =eed of Trust.
+. C:/<(NTI(/ received a mail solicitation to refinance their #ro#erty
from =efendant :ames 6unding Cor#oration dba :ames @ome "oan, hereinafter
referred to as J::;(S.K
*. C:/<(NTI(/ contacted =efendant ::;(S, ::;(S did re#resent to
them that ::;(S could cure their financial troubles by refinancing the e7isting first
obligation on the </?<(/A, that they ould )ualify for such a loan, and that they
ould generate sufficient funds to meet their obligations even though Joan (.
Car#entier as unem#loyed and James S. Car#entier received only disability income.
0. In furtherance of the refinance, =efendant ::;(S as re)uired to ma$e
a loan a##lication. Said loan a##lication as filled out by the re#resentatives by
=efendant ::;(S and intentionally misstated the income of C:/<(NTI(/ to be
in e7cess of &4,222.22 #er month.
%2. The true fact as C:/<(NTI(/ received only &.822.22 #er month, and
00304
the true fact as $non to =efendant ::;(S.
%%. =efendant ::;(S made a loan to C:/<(NTI(/ in the amount of
&%+2,*22.22.
%.. The loan made by =efendant ::;(S as an ad!ustable rate hich
ould re)uire #ayments in e7cess of &%822.22 #er month.
%5. :t the time of ma$ing the loan and filling out the loan a##lication by
=efendant ::;(S, =efendant ::;(S made the loan ithout determining or using
any commercially reasonable means or mechanism to determine C:/<(NTI(/Os
ability to re#ay the loan and in fact $ne or should have $non that C:/<(NTI(/
did not have the ability to re#ay the loan.
%8. The &%+2,*22.22 loan closed on or about ;ay 8, .221, and, on or about
that date, C:/<(NTI(/ did ma$e, e7ecute and deliver a =eed of Trust securing
re#ayment of the ne loan. Said =eed of Trust having been given to =efendant
Windsor ;anagement Co., a California cor#oration, as Trustee by James S.
Car#entier and Joan (. Car#entier, husband and ife as !oint tenants, as Trustors in
favor of =efendant :ames 6unding Cor#oration dba :ames @ome "oan, as
Deneficiary. Said =eed of Trust as recorded ;ay 8, .221 as =ocument No.
5.2*41%, ?fficial /ecords of Washoe County.
%1. Since the recordation of said =eed of Trust, C:/<(NTI(/ has been
unable to ma$e all #ayments called for under the terms and conditions of the =eed of
Trust and <romissory Note hich it secures and have made $non their inability to
#ay to =efendant ::;(S.
%4. =efendant ::;(S has assigned the right to collect under the terms and
conditions of the <romissory Note and the =eed of Trust to =efendant /esidential
Credit Solutions, Inc., hereinafter referred to as J/(SI=(NTI:",K as of ;ay 5%,
.22+.
%+. C:/<(NTI(/ has contacted =efendants ::;(S and /(SI=(NTI:"
EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE +
00305
in an attem#t to again refinance but informed =efendants ::;(S and
/(SI=(NTI:" of their inability to )ualify, and =efendants ::;(S andHor
/(SI=(NTI:" offered to #rovide them ith false and fraudulent W. 6orms in order
to meet financial re)uirements. C:/<(NTI(/ declined to #artici#ate in this loan
fraud.
%*. :s a direct result of C:/<(NTI(/Os inability to ma$e #ayments called
for under the refinanced loan, Iuality "oan Service Cor# on behalf of =efendant
/(SI=(NTI:" and on further behalf of =efendant ::;(S did record a Notice of
Dreach and =efault and of (lection to Cause Sale of /eal <ro#erty Under =eed of
Trust on ;arch %., .22* as =ocument No. 54.0+8%, ?fficial /ecords of Washoe
County.
%0. Subse)uent to the recordation of the Notice of Dreach and =efault,
=efendant ::;(S has recorded a Notice of TrusteeOs Sale scheduling sale on the
</?<(/TA for July 0, .22* at the hour of %%322am at the County Court @ouse
located at ,irginia Street and Court Street in the City of /eno. The Notice of
TrusteeOs Sale as recorded June %0, .22* as =ocument No. 544%80+, ?fficial
/ecords of Washoe County.
.2. The actions of =efendant ::;(S in failing to ma$e a determination of
C:/<(NTI(/Os ability to re#ay the loan and inducing them to enter into said loan
constitutes an unfair lending #ractice #ursuant to the #rovisions of N/S 10*=.%22.
.%. C:/<(NTI(/ has been damaged as a direct and #ro7imate result of
unfair lending #ractices of =efendants ::;(S and /(SI=(NTI:", and
C:/<(NTI(/ is entitled to damages and treble damages #ursuant to the #rovisions
of N/S 10*=.%%2.
... C:/<(NTI(/ is entitled to their attorney fees #ursuant to the #rovisions
of N/S 10*=.%%2B.CBbC.
.5. C:/<(NTI(/ is further entitled to an offset against all sums oed under
EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE *
00306
the <romissory Note secured by the =eed of Trust as herein alleged #ursuant to the
#rovisions of N/S 10*=.%%2B5C.
.8. C:/<(NTI(/ is further entitled to have this court cure any e7isting
default of the home loan and cancel the #ending foreclosure and TrusteeOs Sale
#ursuant to the #rovisions of N/S 10*=.%%2B5C.
.1. %<laintiffs incor#orate herein by this reference all #a#ers and #leadings on
file in this action.
.4. :s a direct and #ro7imate result of the actions of =efendants ::;(S
and /(SI=(NTI:", C:/<(NTI(/ is in danger of loosing their interest in uni)ue
real #ro#erty by virtue of the foreclosure sale.
.+. C:/<(NTI(/ is entitled to a tem#orary restraining order, #reliminary
in!unction and #ermanent in!unction #recluding =efendants from conducting a
foreclosure sale of the </?<(/TA.
.*. C:/<(NTI(/ lac$s ade)uate remedy of la due to the uni)ue character
of their interest in real estate.
.0. C:/<(NTI(/ received a Notice of Sale indicating that their lender ould
sel% their home at auction on ?ctober .%, .2%%, folloing their default in their
mortgage #ayments. The home remains occu#ied by the title oner. The Notice of
Sale did not give Joni or James Car#entier the re)uisite notice of the date of the
foreclosure sale. <ursuant to N/S %2+.2*2, the foreclosure trustee must record a
Notice of Sale and give notice of the time and #lace of the sale by B%C #ersonally
serving or mailing the notice by registered or certified mail to homeoner and others
Fentitled to noticeFM B.C #osting the notice in a #ublic #lace here the #ro#erty is
located for .2 successive daysM B5C #ublishing a co#y of the notice 5 times Bonce a
ee$ for three ee$sCM :N= B8C #osting the notice on the #ro#erty %1 days before the
sale date. The Notice of Sale as recorded on ?ctober 5 ith a sale date of ?ctober
.%. This is only an %* day notice #eriod. This fails to com#ly ith at least section B.C
00307
above, and #erha#s section B8C should they fail to #ost the notice on the #ro#erty on
or before ?ctober 4, de#ending u#on hether section B8C re)uires that action to occur
ithin 02 days or to occur only after the #assing of 02 days.
52. The substitution of Iuality "oan Servicing as the foreclosure trustee as not
recorded. Under the =eed of Trust /ecorded on :#ril %*, .221, Windsor
;anagement Co. as named as the Trustee. No document could be found ith the
/ecorderGs ?ffice indicating any entity substituted Iuality "oan Servicing as the
foreclosure trustee under the =eed of Trust.
5%. =efendantGs have substantially de#arted from the notice, manner of service,
and #rocess re)uirements of various la, including, but not limited to N/S %2+.2*2.
When in)uiry as made ith =efendantGs as to the basis, reasoning, and !ustifications
for the de#artures, <laintiffGs ere told that Jits your ord against oursK and
otherise res#onded to in a hostile, aggressive, and dece#tive manner. ;ore
discovery is in order in this regard.
5.. @oever, as ;r. 'imbelman #rovided, the :#ril .220 Dan$ru#tcy filing in =elaare
by 'imbelmanGs client listed, in the Creditor ;atri7, a JCreditor Notice NameK of Walsh,
Da$er, P /osevear, the Car#entiers then former attorney, as James WalshGs ;otion to
Withdra as Counsel had been granted by this court ?n January .., .220, ith Walsh
filing a Notice of (ntry of that ?rder on January .4, .220, in #lenty of time for
'imbelmanGs client to u#date the JCreditor Notice NameK and address to reflect the fact that
Walsh as not attorney of record fro the Car#entiers anymore, and that those notices should
have been sent directly to the Car#entiers.
55. Indeed, ;r. 'imbelmanGs C(/TI6IC:T( ?6 S(/,IC( <ursuant to N/C< 1BbC, for
his ;ay %0, .220 filing of N?TIC( ?6 D:NN/U<TCA 6I"IN> :N= :UT?;:TIC
ST:A reads3 JI certify that I am an em#loyee of <((" D/I;"(A ""< and that on this
%0th day of ;ay, .220 I caused the above and foregoing document entitled N?TIC( ?6
D:NN/U<TCA 6I"IN> :N= :UT?;:TIC ST:A to be served as follos3 7 by #lacing
same to be de#osited for mailing in the United States ;ail, in a sealed envelo#e u#on hich
EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE %2
00308
first class #ostage as #re#aid in "as ,egas, NevadaM andHor 7 to be sent via facsimileM to
the #artyBiesC andHor attorneyBsC listed belo at the address andHor facsimile number
indicated belo3
James ;. Walsh, (s).
Walsh, Da$er P /osevear, <.C .
084* =ouble / Dlvd. Suite :
/eno, Nevada *01.%
:ttorneys for James S. Car#entier and Joan (. Car#entier
58. 6urther, ;s. Schuler-@intE failed to res#ond a##ro#riately to the ?rder >ranting
WalshGs Withdraal as :ttorney of /ecord, and the subse)uent Notice of (ntry of that
?rder on January .4, .220. @intEG ;otion to =ismiss or in the :lternative 6or Summary
Judgment listed Walsh for the <roof of Service as ell3 J I hereby certify that on the 8th day
of June a true and correct co#y of =(6(N=:NTGs /(SI=(NTI:" C/(=IT S?"UTI?NS,
INC., :N= IU:"ITA "?:N S(/,IC( C?/<?/:TI?NGS ;?TI?N T? =IS;ISS ?/
IN T@( :"T(/N:TI,( 6?/ SU;;:/A JU=>;(NT as forarded by US ;ail ith
#ostage #re#aid to the addresses listed belo3
James ;. Walsh
Walsh, Da$er P /osevear
084* =ouble / Dlvd. Suite :
/eno, Nevada *01.% :ttorney for <laintiff
6urther, the ca#tion on ;s. @intE ;otion indicates the case is in =e#artment 8, des#ite
the fact that #m 6ebruary %%, .220, a Case :ssignment Notification (ntry as entered in
the doc$et for this case C,2*-2%+20, indicating this C:S( /(:SSI>N(= T?
=(<:/T;(NT + 6/?; =(<:/T;(NT 8 <(/ :=;INIST/:TI,( ?/=(/.
51. Then, for some reason that is not )uite clear, des#ite his co counsel Schuler-@intE
having filed a ;otion for Summary Judgment on June 8
th
, .220 in the Second Judicial
=istrict Court for Washoe County in this action, C,2*-2%+20, Christo#er @unter, (s).
6iled a somehat similar ;otion for Summary Judgment in C,09-01709, Bbold em#hasis
addedC in a ;otion hich bears a front #age heading, above the ca#tion, that reads3
EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE %%
00309
J=IST/ICT C?U/T
C":/N C?UNTA, N(,:=:K
6urther, the ca#tion on ;r. @unterGs June .5
rd
, .2%2, ;otion 6or Summary Judgment
indicates the case is in =e#artment 8, des#ite the fact that 6ebruary %%, .220, a Case
:ssignment Notification (ntry as entered in the doc$et for this case C,2*-2%+20 Bmuch
less the fugitive or fictitious case C,20-2%+20 that ;r. @unter listed in the Ca#tion, in a
Clar$ County =istrict Court case filed in Washoe CountyC, indicating this C:S(
/(:SSI>N(= T? =(<:/T;(NT + 6/?; =(<:/T;(NT 8 <(/
:=;INIST/:TI,( ?/=(/. So, the Car#entiers ere burdened ith both attorneys
sending im#ortant #leadings to one ho as no longer :ttorney of /ecord for the
Car#entiers, des#ite a Notice of (ntry of that ?rder >ranting Withdraal of James Walsh,
(s)., in addition to ;r. @unter #utting the rong court and the rong case number on a
;otion for Summary Judgment that ould have nonetheless
54. :gain, in his :ugust 1, .220 Certificate of Service for his ;otion for Summary
Judgment, ;r. @unter #uts in the ca#tion the rong case number and the rong =e#artment
number, listing C,20-2%+20 and =e#artment 8 here C,2*-2%+20 and =e#artment +
should be. 6urther, the June 0, .220 Notice of "odgement as sent to only 'imbelman.
6urther in her Certificate of Service for that Notice of "odgement, filed se#arately on
:ugust 1, .220, ;s. @intE #uts in the ca#tion the rong case number and the rong
=e#artment number, listing C,20-2%+20 and =e#artment 8 here C,2*-2%+20 and
=e#artment + should be. Interestingly, (7hibit 4 to @unterGs June .5, .2%2 ;otion for
Summary Judgment, hile containing the te7t of the =elaare CourtGs ?rder removing the
stay, doesnGt contain the =elaare Dan$ru#tcy CourtGs <roof of Service for that ?rder u#on
the Car#entiers....
5+. Ne7t, on July %.
th
, .2%2 /(IU(ST 6?/ SUD;ISSI?N ?6 =(6(N=:NTSO
/(SI=(NTI:" C/(=IT S?"UTI?NS , INC. :N= IU:"ITA "?:N S(/,IC(
C?/<?/:TI?NOS ;?TI?N 6?/ SU;;:/A JU=>;(NT, @unter again #uts
=e#artment 8 in the case ca#tion here =e#artment + should be.
EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE %.
00310
5*. 6inally, on July %1, .2%% this Court granted =istrict Court /ule %5 B5C #rovides,
F6ailure of the o##osing #arty to serve and file his ritten o##osition may be construed as
an admission that the motion is meritorious and a consent to granting the same.F Thus, in
this case, the court construes <laintiffsG, J:;(S S. C:/<(NTI(/ and J?:N (.
C:/<(NTI(/, and =efendantsG, ::;(S 6UN=IN> C?/<?/:TI?N and WIN=S?/
;:N:>(;(NT C?;<:NAGS failure to o##ose =efendantsG /CS and I"SGs ;otionHor
Summary Judgment as admission that the ;otion is meritorious.K
50. The July %1, .2%2 Notice of (ntry of ?rder incorrectly list =e#artment 8 instead of
=e#artment + in the ca#tion.
82. The Washoe County /ecorderGs eb site does not list a Notice of Trustee
Sale for the alleged Trustee sale that as set to ta$e #lace on =ecember .%
st
, .22%
II. LAW AND ARGUMENT
I. The Order Gr!"#!$ S%&&r' J%d$&e!" E!"ered A$#!(" )*#!"#++
Sh,%*d -e Se" A(#de ,r ./"ed D%e ", #" -e#!$ .,#d F,r L/0 ,+ J%r#(d#/"#,!
G#1e! "he N%&-er,%( De+#/#e!/#e( #! Ser1#/e ,+ E((e!"#* )*ed#!$( !d N,"#/e(
U2,! "he )*#!"#++(3 E4/%(-*e Ne$*e/"3 Fr%d ,! The C,%r"3 ! I!"er1e!#!$
De/#(#,! ,+ "he Ne1d S%2re&e C,%r"3 T5, ,+ "he&3 +r,& J%*' 73 60113 !d
The O1er*' L,!$ )((#!$ ,+ T#&e 7e"5ee! N,5 !d "he Gr!"#!$ ,+ "he
S%&&r' J%d$&e!" Order.
The e7cusable neglect argument is )uite strong given @itnE and 'imblemanGs
continual failure to a##ro#riately address their <roofGs of Service for very, very
im#ortant documents. ;ight be a voidness basis for Setting :side the ?rder :s
Well. 6urther, the ?rder granting Summary Judgment is void given the lac$ of
!urisdiction #ossessed by this Court here so many essential deficiencies e7ists in
this matter related to the most #ertinent filings and notices #ossible.
J:ccordingly, hen this court issues an intervening decision that constitutes a
change in controlling la, courts may de#art from the decided la of the case and
00311
a##ly the ne rule of la.K @su v. County of Clar$. See, e.g., @o#$ins v. =yer, %28
?hio St.5d 84%, *.2 N.(..d 5.0, 555 B.228C Bholding that an intervening o#inion
issued by the ?hio Su#reme Court constituted a change in controlling la
necessitating de#arture from the la of the case doctrineCM =edge v. State, *5. So..d
*51, *54 B6la.=ist.Ct.:##..22.C Bnoting that a decision by the 6lorida Su#reme
Court to enact a ne #rocedural rule constituted a change in controlling laC.
JDecause e determine that the change in controlling la e7ce#tion to the la of the
case doctrine a##lies, e do not consider hether this court should also formally
ado#t the Jsubstantial ne evidenceK or Jclear error resulting in manifest in!usticeK
e7ce#tions to the la of the case doctrine. Q @oever, e observe that, des#ite the
landonersG contentions, discovery of a relatively minor factual error in our order in
@su I suggesting that the landonersG had obtained a 12-foot height variance for
construction of a billboard on their #ro#erty does not constitute Jsubstantial ne
evidenceK that !ustifies de#arture from the la of the case doctrine. Q ?ur
determination in @su I that the landoners had not demonstrated the futility of
e7hausting their administrative remedies rested on several #ieces of evidence besides
the erroneous Jbillboard variance,K indicating that this Jne evidenceK ould have
little bearing on our #revious decision. Q See Suel v. Secretary of @ealth and @uman
Services, %0. 6.5d 0*%, 0*4 B6ed.Cir.%000C Bstating that Jthe ne evidence relied
u#on to override RtheS la of the case must be substantial, even conclusive, before it
is a##ro#riate to reo#en a !udgment on hich subse)uent #hases of the case have
been decidedK Bciting %* Charles :lan Wright, et al., 6ederal <ractice and <rocedure
TQ88+*, at *22 B.d ed.%0*%CCC. Q We li$eise re!ect the #ro#osition that our decision
in @su I as based on clear error such that adherence to the decision ould or$ a
manifest in!ustice. Q See In re City of <hiladel#hia "itigation, %1* 6.5d +%%, +.2 B5d
Cir.%00*C Bnoting that if a decision is not clearly erroneous, enforcement of that
decision ill not generally or$ a manifest in!usticeC.:s this a##eal and our decision
in @su I are #art of a single continuous suit, e also re!ect the CountyGs assertion that
the doctrine of res !udicata #rohibits this court from revisiting the merits of the
00312
landonersG ta$ings claim. Q See 6lorida =e#t. of Trans#. v. Juliano, *2% So..d %2%,
%21 B6la..22%C BJWhere successive a##eals are ta$en in the same case there is no
)uestion of res !udicata, because the same suit, and not a ne and different one, is
involved. Q Under these circumstances, the doctrine of the la of the case a##lies.K
Bcitation omittedCC.K
?n motion and u#on such terms as are !ust, the court may relieve a #arty or a
#artyGs legal re#resentative from a final !udgment, order, or #roceeding for the
folloing reasons3 B%C mista$e, inadvertence, sur#rise, or e7cusable neglectM B.C
nely discovered evidence hich by due diligence could not have been discovered in
time to move for a ne trial under /ule 10BbCM B5C fraud Bhether heretofore
denominated intrinsic or e7trinsicC, misre#resentation or other misconduct of an
adverse #artyM B8C the !udgment is voidM or, B1C the !udgment has been satisfied,
released, or discharged, or a #rior !udgment u#on hich it is based has been reversed
or otherise vacated, or it is no longer e)uitable that an in!unction should have
#ros#ective a##lication. The motion shall be made ithin a reasonable time, and for
reasons B%C, B.C, and B5C not more than 4 months after the #roceeding as ta$en or the
date that ritten notice of entry of the !udgment or order as served. In some
instances JtollingK may be a##licable to the 4 month limitations #eriod.
The Nevada Su#reme Court recently addressed a critical issue involving the
6oreclosure ;ediation /ules in the case of "eyva v. National =efault Servicing
Cor#., :##. No. 11.%4, :##eal from the Clar$ Co. =istrict Court, :-%2-422-41%,
%.+Nev. UUU, UUU <.5d UUU B:dv. ?#. No. 82, July +, .2%%C. The issue relates to the
obligation of the lender to bring documents to the mediation that reveal ho is the
oner of the deed of trust and mortgage note. The CourtOs ruling in this case ill
immediately arm homeoners ith a serious ea#on against the big ban$s and their
servicers. Used in the correct ay, many foreclosures may be sto##ed because of this
recent o#inion.
The State of Nevada 6oreclosure ;ediation <rogram as created in .220. 6acing
00313
foreclosure, the homeoner may re)uest mediation through hich a modification to
home loan may be achieved. ?nce the homeoner re)uests mediation, no further
action may be ta$en to e7ercise the #oer of sale until the com#letion of the
mediation. The Nevada Su#reme Court created the 6oreclosure ;ediation /ules
BJ6;/KC to govern those mediations.
The "eyva case #resented the Nevada Su#reme Court ith an o##ortunity to
inter#ret a critical #ortion of the mediation #rogram re)uirements. N/S %2+.2*4B8C
and 6;/ 1 B*C BaC both #rovide3 JIn addition to the documents re)uired by /ule *
herein, the beneficiary Rusually the lending ban$S must bring to the mediation
#rogram the original or a certified co#y of the deed of trust, the mortgage note and
each assignment of the deed of trust and the mortgage note.K N/S %2+.2*8B1C
#rovides that JRiSf the beneficiary of the deed of trust or the re#resentative fails to
attend the mediation, fails to #artici#ate in the mediation in good faith or does not
bring to the mediation each document re)uired by section 8 or does not have
authority or access to #erson ith authority re)uired by section 8, the mediator shall
#re#are and submit to the ;ediation :dministrator a #etition and recommendation
concerning im#osition of sanctions against the beneficiary of the deed of trust or the
re#resentative, as the court deems a##ro#riate, including, ithout limitation,
re)uiring a loan modification in the manner determined #ro#er by the court.K
The Nevada Su#reme Court faced the issue of hether the lenderOs failure to
bring the re)uired assignments and other documents as re)uired by N/S %2+.2*4B8C
constituted bad faith under N/S %2+.2*4B1C. The anser to the )uestion is not clear
from the language of the statute or the 6;/.
:t the mediation in "eyva, the lender failed to deliver the assignments of the
deed of trust and the mortgage note. @oever, the mediator did not find that the
lenderOs failure to #rovide the documents or other actions constituted a bad faith.
"eyva disagreed and a##ealed the decision of the mediator to the Clar$ County
=istrict Court, Judge =onald ;osely. Ultimately, Judge ;osely agreed ith the
00314
lender and entered an order finding that Jthere is a lac$ of shoing of bad faithVK
"eyva a##ealed the decision of Judge ;osely to the Nevada Su#reme Court. The
Nevada Su#reme Court issued its ruling on July +, .2%% and re!ected the lenderOs
arguments that it had #artici#ated in the mediation in good faith. The Nevada
Su#reme Court determined that since the statute used the ord JshallK in reference to
the obligation to bring certain documents to the mediation, strict com#liance, not
substantial com#liance, as re)uired. The Su#reme Court ent on the rite JThe
legislative intent behind re)uiring a #arty to #roduce the assignments of the deed of
trust and mortgage note is to ensure that hoever is foreclosing Wactually ons the
noteO and has the authority to modify the loan.K
The Su#reme Court did not sto# there. It felt com#elled to then discuss hat
constitutes a valid assignment of deeds of trust and mortgage notes. Dy reaching this
issue, the Su#reme Court set the obligations for each lender ith regards to their
obligation to #roduce documents at mediation.
The Su#reme Court then discussed the la regarding the assignment of a deed of
trust. Since an assignment of an interest in land must be in riting, the Su#reme
Court concluded that Jto #rove that ;ortgageIt #ro#erly assigned its interest in land
via the deed of trust to Wells 6argo, Wells 6argo needed to #rovide a signed riting
from ;ortageIt demonstrating that transfer of interest.K
The Su#reme Court then analyEed the method by hich the interest in a mortgage
note may be transferred and loo$ed to NevadaOs Uniform Commercial Code X
Negotiable Instruments. The Su#reme Court rote JRtShe obligor on the note has the
right to $no the identity of the entity that is Jentitled to enforceK the mortgage note
under :rticle 5, see N/S %28.552%, JRoStherise, the RhomeonerS may #ay funds to
a stranger in the case.K BCitation omitted.C
The Su#reme Court re!ected the arguments of Wells 6argo that mere #ossession
of the mortgage note as sufficient. JRWSe conclude that :rticle 5 clearly re)uires
EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE %+
00315
Wells 6argo to demonstrate more than mere #ossession of the original note to be able
to enforce a negotiable instrument under the facts of this case.K To meet its
obligation under the Uniform Commercial Code, Wells 6argo had to sho both
endorsement of the mortgage note to it by the original lender and #ossession of the
note.
:lternatively, Wells 6argo could have also demonstrated a transfer of the note to
it. To demonstrate a transfer, Wells 6argo as obligated to #rove that it as given
the mortgage note for the #ur#ose of enforcing it.
The Su#reme Court then concluded that since Wells 6argo had failed to #roduced
documents to demonstrate either a valid endorsement or transfer, Wells 6argo had
neither demonstrated that it as entitled to foreclose on the #ro#erty nor that it had
authority to mediate ith regards to the note. The Su#reme Court, relying on its other
o#inion issued the same day, <asillas v. @SDC Dan$, %.+Nev. UU, UU <.5d UU, :dv.
?#. 50, July +, .2%%C, ruled that the failure of Wells 6argo to bring the re)uired
documents Jis a sanctionable offense under N/S %2+.2*4 and the 6;/s.K The
Su#reme Court then remanded the case to the district court for determination of the
a##ro#riate sanction.
This o#inion seems to indicate that the Jtoo big to failK ban$s have met their
match ith the Nevada Su#reme Court. The ramifications of this o#inion ill ma$e
the huge ban$s thin$ tice before they allo the Nevada Su#reme Court to hear any
other issues concerning their foreclosure #rocesses. This o#inion arms homeoners,
and es#ecially their counsel, and creates an o##ortunity to sto# the ban$s and their
servicers from moving forard ith a foreclosure ith less that the full
documentation #roving their onershi# of the mortgage note, and the authority to
foreclose under the terms of the deed of trust.
The true sco#e and im#act of the "eyva and <asilla o#inions on the foreclosure
and mediation #rocess in Washoe County ill not be revealed any time soon. The
ban$s ill li$ely ta$e any ste#s necessary avoid sanction as ell as #revent the
EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE %*
00316
Nevada Su#reme Court issuing any other o#inions regarding the foreclosure #rocess
or the mediation #rogram.
the Su#reme Court of Nevada issued to o#inions on July +, .2%% hich finally
com#el foreclosing #arties in Nevada to #roduce material documentation as to chain
of title to the Note and =eed of Trust in order to be #ermitted to continue ith a
foreclosure action hen mediation is re)uested. in "eyva v. National =efault
Servicing et al., No. 11.%4, %.+ Nev. :dvance ?#inion 82, the Su#reme Court held
that strict com#liance is re)uired ith Nevada statutes governing the #roduction of
certain documents including any assignment of the =eed of TrustM that a foreclosing
#artyOs failure to do so Jis a sanctionable offenseM and the district court is #rohibited
from alloing the foreclosure #rocess to #roceedK. Wells 6argo as also the cul#rit
in this case.
Significantly, in discussing the transfer of the Note, the Su#reme Court of
Nevada cited to the recent In /e ,eal decision from the 0th Circuit Dan$ru#tcy
:##eals <anel Bhich as #reviously discussed on this ebsiteC, holding that the
borroer Jhas the right to $no the identity of the entity that is Wentitled to enforceO
the mortgage note under :rticle 5 Bof the Uniform Commercial CodeC.K The Court
concluded that :rticle 5 Jclearly re)uires Wells 6argo to demonstrate more than mere
#ossession of the original note to be able to enforce a negotiable instrumentK. The
court found that there as no endorsement and no assignment, and reversed the
=istrict Court.
The o#inion in "eyva cited to the CourtOs o#inion in <asillas v. @SDC Dan$ as
Trustee, No. 14505, %.+ Nev. :dvance ?#inion 50 Balso decided July +, .2%%C,
hich also reversed the =istrict Court and also cited to ,eal , setting forth the
re)uirements for #roduction of evidence of chain of title to the note and =eed of
Trust in a foreclosure.
The multi#le citations to ,eal, hich is a 6ederal Dan$ru#tcy a##ellate court
o#inion, by the state Su#reme Court of Nevada, is more than im#ortant. It
00317
demonstrates that sim#ly because a foreclosure issue is decided by a Dan$ru#tcy
court does not mean that it is not a##licable to a non-Dan$ru#tcy Bor non-6ederalC
foreclosure case. Time and again, hen e argue that an issue in a state foreclosure
case has already been decided by a Dan$ru#tcy court in the foreclosure conte7t,
attorneys re#resenting foreclosing JlendersK and servicers argue JWell, Judge, that
as a Dan$ru#tcy case, and e are not in Dan$ru#tcy CourtK. "eyva and <asillas
have no #ut that argument to bed. If a 6ederal Dan$ru#tcy decision is good enough
for the Su#reme Court of Nevada in to se#arate o#inions, it should be good enough
for any state court.
A"",r!e' M#(/,!d%/" M' S%22,r" Se""#!$ A(#de "he Order3 F,r G,,d
F#"h 7(#( +,r Ch!$#!$ "he L5 M' A%$er T,5rd 8,*d#!$ O22,(#!$
C,%!(e*9( F#*%r ", W#"hdr5 "he M,"#,! +,r S%&&r' J%d$&e!" ,r O"her5#(e
A*er" "he C,%r" ( ", "he L#0e*' E++e/" ,+ .er' )r,4#&"e T#&e Re*e(e ,+ "5,
M!d",r' !d C,!"r,**#!$ Ne1d S%2re&e C,%r" De/#(#,!( I((%ed O!e Wee0
7e+,re Th#( C,%r"9( Order M' R#(e ", ),(#"#1e M#(/,!d%/" G#1e! "he )r#&/'
,+ "he S%-:e/" M""er ,+ Th#( L#"#$"#,! ", "he(e3 A" Th" T#&e3 )r, Se
L#"#$!"(.
In Staschel v. Weaver Drothers, "td., 0* Nev. 110, 411 <..d 1%* B%0*.C,
the Nevada Su#reme Court held that attorney neglect amounting to misconduct is not
#ro#erly im#uted to the client in determining hether a default !udgment should be
set aside. BFTo characteriEe Rthe attorneyGsS failure to re#resent his client as
Gine7cusable neglectG ould be charitable but hardly candid. @is dereliction of the
#rofessional obligations oed a##ellant constituted actual misconduct.FC. See
generally, S. Dernstein, :nnotation, :ttorneyGs Inaction as (7cuse for 6ailure to
Timely <rosecute :ction, %1 :."./.5d 4+8 B%04*C. California ac$noledged this
#roblem in the %042s, and concluded that inaction and sloth by an attorney should not
EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE .2
00318
be grounds for a circuit court to inflict suffering u#on an innocent client of the
attorney, by dismissing the clientGs case. In =avey v. County of Dutte, ..+
Cal.:##..d 5*2, 5* Cal./#tr. 405 B%048C, an intermediate court of a##eals e7amined
a situation here the =efendantGs layer filed a lasuit, and then dadled for nearly
to years, only s#oradically doing discovery or filing #leadings. When the
=efendantGs layer failed to sho u# for several scheduled court hearings, the circuit
court dismissed the =efendantGs com#laint due to inactivity. The court recogniEed the
general rule - similar to that in this State that the Fgeneral doctrine charges the client
ith the neglect of his attorney but gives him redress against the latter.F ..+
Cal.:##..d at 50%, 5* Cal. /#tr. at +22. @oever, the court ent on to alter this
harsh rule, holding that Fthere are e7ce#tional cases in hich the client, relativel free
from #ersonal neglect, ill be relieved of a default or dismissal attributable to the
inaction or #rocrastination of his counsel. F Id. The court found that the =efendantGs
attorneyGs neglect as ine7cusable and e7treme, amounting to #ositive misconduct.
RThe attorneyGsS consistent and long continued inaction as so visibly and inevitably
disastrous, that his client as effectually and un$noingly de#rived of
re#resentation. Dy his refusal to get on ith the lasuit or get out of it, Rthe
=efendantGs RattorneyS inflicted severe damage on his clientGs case. She had legal
re#resentation only in a nominal and technical sense.
Under these unusual circumstances, here the client as un$noingly
de#rived of effective re#resentation, she ill not be charged ith res#onsibility for
the misconduct of her nominal counsel of record. ..+ Cal.:##..d at 50%-0., 5*
Cal./#tr. at +22. The court then stated the rule - $non as the F#ositive misconductF
rule - that here an attorneyGs inaction rises to a level of active, #ositive misconduct,
EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE .%
00319
the FattorneyGs authority to bind his client does not #ermit him to im#air or destroy
the clientGs cause of action.F ..+ Cal.:##..d at 50%, 5* Cal. /#tr. at +22. The
reasoning for such a rule is obvious3 Clients should not be forced to act as ha$ li$e
in)uisitors of their counsel, sus#icious of every ste# and )uic$ to sitch layers.
The #rofession $nos no orse headache than the client ho mistrusts their
attorney. The lay litigant enters a tem#le of mysteries hose ceremonies dar$,
com#le7 and unfathomable. <retrial #rocedures are cabalistic rituals of the layers
and !udges ho serve as #riests and high #riests. $nos nothing of their tactical
significance.
@e $nos only that his case remains in limbo hile the #riests and high
#riests chant their lengthy an arcane #retrial rites. @e does $no this much3 that
several years fre)uently ela#se beteen the commencement and trial of lasuits.
Since the la im#ose this state of #uEEled #atience on the litigant, it should #ermit
him to si bac$ in #eace and confidence ithout sus#icious in)uiries and incessant
chec$ing on counsel. ..+ Cal.:##..d at 50%-0., 5* Cal./#tr. at +22-+2%. The
California Su#reme Court ado#ted the #ositive misconduct rule stated in =aYey in
CarroYY v. :bbott "aboratories, Inc., 418 <..d ++1 B%0*.C. The court stated the
general rule that a client is charged ith the neglect of his counsel, and that the
clientGs usual redress for that neglect is an action for mal#ractice. @oever, an
e7ce#tion to this general rule has develo#ed. (7ce#ted from this rule are those
instances here the attorneyGs neglect is of that e7treme degree amounting to #ositive
misconduct, and the #erson see$ing relief is relatively free from negligence. The
e7ce#tion is #remised u#on the conce#t the attorneyGs conduct, in effect, obliterates
the e7istence of the attorney-client relationshi#, and for this reason his negligence
EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE ..
00320
should not be im#uted to th client. 418 <..d at ++* Bem#hasis in originalC. The court
ent on to state that FRtShe issue, therefore, becomes hether counselGs conduct
amounted to G#ositive misconductG by hich =efendant as Geffectually and
un$noingly de#rived of re#resentation.GF Id.
In accord, "ords v. Neman, 4** <..d .02, .08-01 B;ont. %0*8C Bholding
that hen case is dismissed due to attorney negligence, Fno great abuse of discretion
need be shon to arrant reversalF because the Ycourt has been hesitant to im#ute
the neglect of an attorney to his clientM and has been loathe to #ermit this neglect to
bar a hearing on the merits.FCM Staschel v. Weaver Dros. "td., 411 <..d 1%*, 1%0
BNev. %0*.C BFTo characteriEe Rthe attorneyGsS failure to re#resent his client as
Gine7cusable neglectG ould be charitable but hardly candid. @is dereliction of the
#rofessional obligations oed a##ellant constituted actual misconduct.FC. See
generally, S. Dernstein, :nnotation, :ttorneyGs Inaction as (7cuse for 6ailure to
Timely <rosecute :ction, %1 :."./.5d 4+8 B%04*C. BJames ;iYton Covington and
JeraYdine I. Covington v. ;ichael John Smith, Walter "ee 6orbis, /yder Truc$
/ental, Inc. and =.T.6. Truc$ing, Inc. BCase 52+58, Su#. Ct of :##eals, West
,irginia July, %%, .225C . order andHor !udgement that as clearly erroneous and
contrary to la on the 42BbC motion hich <laintiffs submitted to this court to set
aside !udgement andHor order of the 42BbC motion for e7cusable neglect #redicated on
multi#le medical issues and the #recedent setting case of <ioneer Investment Services
v. Drunsic$ :ssociates "imited <artnershi# et.al. 12+ U.S. 5*23 %%5 S.Ct. %8*0M
%.5 ". (d .d +8M%005 U.S. "(LIS .82.M 4% U.S.".W. 8.45M .1 6ed /.Serv. 5d
BCallaghanC 82%M Dan$r. ". /e#. BCC@C <+1, %1+:M .* Collier Dan$r.Cas. .d B;DC
.4+M.8 Dan$r Ct =ec.45M 05 Cal =aily ?# Service .204M 05 =:/ 5+21M + 6": ".
Wee$ly 6ed. S %2%.
The #articular facts and circumstances of the Car#entierGs case deserve closer
consternation, #articularly in light of the fact that "eyva and <asilla actually ere
issued #rior to this CourtGs July %1, .2%% ?rder granting Summary Judgment, the
00321
manifest in!ustice that results from leaving the ?rder as it is and alloing the
TrusteeGs Sale to go forard. 6urther, <ursuant to N/S %2+.2*2, the re)uisite
statutory .2 days notice is, on its face, not #resent in the notice to the Car#entiers.
6urther, the assignments have arguably not been #roduced or attested to in the
manner re)uired by la, and the bald face arrogance of the lenderGs and trusteeGs
street level em#loyees in telling the Car#entierGs that, basically, they are in a fight
ith a big ugly bully and its Jour ord against yoursK you little #uny #athetic so to be
no longer homeoners.
C:/<(NTI(/ received a Notice of Sale indicating that their lender
ould sel% their home at auction on ?ctober .%, .2%%, folloing their default in their
mortgage #ayments. The home remains occu#ied by the title oner. The Notice of
Sale did not give Joni or James Car#entier the re)uisite notice of the date of the
foreclosure sale. <ursuant to N/S %2+.2*2, the foreclosure trustee must record a
Notice of Sale and give notice of the time and #lace of the sale by B%C #ersonally
serving or mailing the notice by registered or certified mail to homeoner and others
Fentitled to noticeFM B.C #osting the notice in a #ublic #lace here the #ro#erty is
located for .2 successive daysM B5C #ublishing a co#y of the notice 5 times Bonce a
ee$ for three ee$sCM :N= B8C #osting the notice on the #ro#erty %1 days before the
sale date. The Notice of Sale as recorded on ?ctober 5 ith a sale date of ?ctober
.%. This is only an %* day notice #eriod. This fails to com#ly ith at least section B.C
above, and #erha#s section B8C should they fail to #ost the notice on the #ro#erty on
or before ?ctober 4, de#ending u#on hether section B8C re)uires that action to occur
ithin 02 days or to occur only after the #assing of 02 days.
The substitution of Iuality "oan Servicing as the foreclosure trustee as
not recorded. Under the =eed of Trust /ecorded on :#ril %*, .221, Windsor
;anagement Co. as named as the Trustee. No document could be found ith the
/ecorderGs ?ffice indicating any entity substituted Iuality "oan Servicing as the
foreclosure trustee under the =eed of Trust.
00322
=efendantGs have substantially de#arted from the notice, manner of service, and
#rocess re)uirements of various la, including, but not limited to N/S %2+.2*2.
When in)uiry as made ith =efendantGs as to the basis, reasoning, and !ustifications
for the de#artures, <laintiffGs ere told that Jits your ord against oursK and
otherise res#onded to in a hostile, aggressive, and dece#tive manner. ;ore
discovery is in order in this regard. This #leading is further filed ith an eye toards
asserting a N/C< 10 basis for challenging the July %1, .2%% order Bsomeho a
tolling argument ill need to be made to overcome the %2 day re)uirement for such a
motion, and the same could be said for ma$ing a ;otion for /econsideration here
more than .2 days have #ast since
C,!/*%(#,!
W@(/(6?/(, <laintiffs res#ectfully re)uest this Court order as follos3
%. 6or damages in e7cess of &%2,222M
.. 6or treble damagesM and any sanctions a##ro#riate under any a##licable la,
including the to recent Nevada Su#reme Court decisions of July +, .2%%, <assila and
"eyva.
5. 6or tem#orary restraining order, #reliminary in!unction and #ermanent in!unction
barring foreclosure of the =eed of Trust recorded in favor of =efendant ::;(S and any
succesor in interest.
8. 6or tem#orary restraining order, #reliminary in!unction and #ermanent in!unction
barring the contem#lated and scheduled TrusteeGs Sale set for ?ctober .%, .2%%.
1. 6or costs of suit herein incurredM and for attorneys feeM
4. 6or such other and further relief as this court may deem #ro#er.
AFFIRMATION )%r(%!" ", NRS 6;97.0;0
=:T(= this %0
th
day of =ecember, .2%%3
00323
HsH 'ach Coughlin
'ach Coughlin, (s).
:ttorney for <laintiffs Joni and James Car#entier
00324
)ROOF OF SER.ICE
I, 'ach Coughlin, declare, that on =ecember %0, .2%%, I caused the forgoing to
be deliver to all named =efendantGs in this action, but electronic filing to3
Nristin :. Schuler-@intE, (s).
;cCarthy P @olthus, ""<
01%2 W. Sahara :ve., Suite %%2
"as ,egas , N, *0%%+
<hone3 +2.-4*1-25.0
6a73 *44-550-140%
$hintE9mccarthyholthus.com
:tty for =(6TGS /(SI=(NTI:" C/(=IT S?"UTI?NS INC, :N= IU:"ITA
"?:N S(/,IC( C?/<?/:TI?NGS
:nd via delivering to their attorneyGs of record by fa7, email and de#ositing a true
and correct co#y of this document in the US mail on this date addressed to3
(ric D. 'imbelman, (s).
<eel Drimley, ""<
.2%8 (. ;adison, Suite %22
Seattle , W: 0*%..
<hone3 .24-++2-5550
6a73 .24-++2-5802
eEimbelman9#eelbrimley.com
:tty for =(6TGSWIN=S?/ ;:N:>(;(TN C?. :N= :CC/(=IT(=
@?;( "(NN=(/S, INC. :S SUCC(SS?/ IN INT(/(ST T? ::;(S
6UN=IN> C?/<?/:TI?N =D: ::;(S @?;( "?:N
=:T(= this %0
th
day of =ecember, .2%%3
HsH 'ach Coughlin
'ach Coughlin, (s).
:ttorney for <laintiffs Joni and James Car#entier
EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE .+
00325
INDE< TO E<8I7ITS=
%.
..
5.
8.
EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE .*
00326
EXHIBIT 3
00327
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Zach Coughlin,Esq.
Nevada Bar No: 9473
121 River Roc !".
Reno, N# $9%&1
'ele: 77%(33$($11$
)a*: 949(++7(74&2
,""orne- .or /e.endan" Ro0er" 1eller
2N3'E/ !','E! B,N1R24'C5 C62R'
/3!'R3C' 6) NE#,/,
3n Re:
R6BER' 1E77ER
/e0"or.
'8E C,/7E C694,N5,
4lain"i..,
v.
R6BER' 1E77ER,
/e.endan".
:
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Case No.: B1 1&(%2+39(g;<
Cha="er 7
,dversar- 4roceeding
No. 1&(&%1&4(g;<
6446!3'36N '6 96'36N '6 ,9EN/
C6947,3N' 3N ,/#ER!,R5
4R6CEE/3N>
8earing /a"e: 12?7?1&
8earing 'i@e: 1&:&& ,9
OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO AMEND COMPLAINT IN ADVERSARY PROCEEDING
'his 9o"ion is 0ased on "he .ollo;ing 9e@orandu@ o. 4oin"s and ,u"hori"ies as ;ell
as Rule 7&1% )ed. R. Banr. 4. and Rule 1%A2: )ed. R. Civ. 4.
MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES
3.
!','E9EN' 6) 2N/3!42'E/ ),C'!
6n Bul- 2, 2&1&, /e0"or?/e.endan" R6BER' 1E77ER Ahereina."er C1ellerD or C/e.endan"D:
.iled a #olun"ar- 4e"i"ion .or Relie. under Cha="er 7 o. 'i"le 11, 2.!.C. 'he 341 9ee"ing ;as held
on ,ugus" 12, 2&1& and 4lain"i.. .iled i"s adversar- co@=lain" agains" /e.endan" 1eller on 6c"o0er
- 1 -
00328
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12, 2&1& ;i"h causes o. ac"ion .or nondischargea0ili"- under 11 2.!.C. EE %23Aa:A2:A,:, %23Aa:A4:
and res Fudica"a. ,."er "horoughl- .ailing "o even 0egin co@=le"el- li"iga"ing "he issues Aso @uch so
"ha" no !"i=ula"ed )indings o. )ac" is "o 0e .ound an-;here: and ;i"hou" a second o. "rial "aing
=lace, @an- assurances 0eing @ade 0- "he 'e*as =rosecu"ors Bi""ing e" al "o 1eller and 1ellerGs "hen
a""orne- Ches"er Bro;n A;ho died suddenl- in 199$ and le." his ;ido; "o a""e@=" "he "as o.
dis=ensing his @assive collec"ion o. .iles held onl- in hard co=- .or@a" "o Bro;nGs clien"s, including
1eller, in a ver- ha=ha<ard ;a-: "ha" "he !"a"e o. 'e*as did no" in"end "o collec" on or e*ecu"e "he
Budge@en" agains" 1eller. 'his is evinced 0- "he lac o. an- language in "he Budg@en" =ur=or"ing "o
incor=ora"e 0- re.erence an-"hing in "he Co@=lain" and 0- "he lac o. an- language =ur=or"ing "o
.ind .raudulen" conduc" on 1ellerGs =ar" o. "ha" 1eller ;as adFudged "o 0e ei"her a .iduciar- or in a
C"rus"D rela"ionshi= ;i"h an- o. "he involved =ar"ies or individuals. 1eller sen" "he /e.endan" 1eller
consen"ed "o "he en"r- o. Fudg@en" in "he a@oun" o. H%&&,&&&.&& Ain 9a-, 199%:, and "he Fudg@en"
en"ered is ver- shor", con"aining no @en"ion o. incor=ora"ing 0- re.erence an-"hing in "he "-=icall-
overcharged Co@=lain", no ci"a"ion "o an- !"i=ula"ed )indings o. )ac", no language s=eaing "o an-
ad@ission o. ;rongdoing or .raudulen" conduc" o. an- ind, nor an- language =ur=or"ing "o es"a0lish
ei"her a .iduciar- or "rus" rela"ionshi= 0e";een 1eller and an-one. )ur"her, "he Fudge@en" lacs an-
language .inding 1eller an o..icer or direc"or o. ei"her en"i"-. 3" is reall- no" a" all clear ho;
o==osing counsel 6GRoure can sign a declara"ion "ha" =ur=or"s "o have non(hearsa-, .irs" hand
no;ledge, as required 0- 7R 9&14AC:, "ha" s;ears, under =enal"- o. =erFur-, "ha": C+. ,."er
"horoughl- li"iga"ing "he issues 0u" =rior "o "rial, /e.endan" 1eller consen"ed "o "he en"r- o. Fudg@en"
in "he a@oun" o. H%&&,&&&.&& Ain 9a-, 199%: 0ased on causes o. ac"ion .or: .raud in real es"a"e
"ransac"ions, co@@on la; .raud, a 'e*as 3nsurance Code viola"ion .or "he i@=ro=er =ledge or
h-=o"heca"ion o. ,>273CIs asse"s, cor=ora"e al"er ego, 'e*as /ece="ive 'rade 4rac"ices J
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Consu@er 4ro"ec"ion ,c" viola"ions, .raudulen" conve-ance, cons=irac- "o .raudulen"l- conve-, and
viola"ions o. 1$ 2.!.C. E 19+2 ARace"eering 3n.luenced and Corru=" 6rgani<a"ions ,c":.D 8o; in
"he ;orld ;ould o==osing counsel 6GRoure, all "he ;a- u= "here in !ea""le, re=resen"ing so@e 6hio
cor=ora"ion "ha" 0ough" a Budg@en" .ro@ a Receiver in 'e*as da"ing 0ac al@os" 17 -ears, involving
an o==osing =ar"- ;hose a""orne- died in 199$, =ossi0l- 0e a0le "o sign a declara"ion "ha" s"a"es, ;i"h
an- credi0ili"-, "ha" C,."er "horoughl- li"iga"ing "he issues 0u" =rior "o "rial, /e.endan" 1eller
consen"ed "o "he en"r- o. Fudg@en" in "he a@oun" o. H%&&,&&&.&& Ain 9a-, 199%: 0ased on causes o.
ac"ion .or....DK Cer"ainl-, o==osing counsel 6GRoure isnG" .inding a 0asis .or declaring ;he"her "he
issues ;ere C"horoughl- li"iga"edD and u=on ;ha" an- consen" "o en"r- o. Fudg@en" 0- 1eller ;as
C0ased onD 0- an-"hing in "he Budg@en", as i" is 0liss.ull- shor" and s;ee" and devoid o. an-
ad@ission o. .raud or @isconduc" 0- 1eller, an- incor=ora"ing language .or o"her docu@en"s, such as
"he Co@=lain", an- !"i=ula"ed )indings o. )ac", e"c... ,ll "he Budg@en" con"ains, =re""- @uch, is a
sen"ence sa-ing 1eller agreed "o 0e adFudged o;ing "he Receive da@ages o. H%&&,&&&. 'ha" is lie
sa-ing a cri@inal de.endan" charged ;i"h "reason, s@uggling nuclear ;ea=ons, serial @urder, and
Fa-;aling "horoughl- li"iga"ed "he issues and canno" la"er sa- he never ad@i""ed "o nor ;as .ound
guil"- o. "he charges o"her "han Fa-;aling ;here he signed a !"i=ula"ed Budg@en" .inding hi@ guil"-
.or "he Fa-;aling .ine....Re@e@0er, over H2&,&&&,&&& ;or"h o. equi"- ;as curiouls- con.isca"ed 0-
"he 'e*as Receiver, des=i"e a==ro*i@a"el- 9%L o. "he lia0ili"- 0eing alloca"ed "o a
@egaconglo@era"e reinsurer. 8o; ,>7 and ,>237, ;ere Cinsolven"D ;hen "he- had H2& @illion
.or "he 'e*as Receiver "o con.isca"e is =re""- unclear, 0u" i"s no" an-;here near as unclear as "he
con"en"ion "ha" "he issues o. 1ellerGs 0eing a .iduciar- or in a "rus" rela"ionshi= or have a de0"
involving .raudulen" conduc" adFudged agains" hi@ had 0een C"horoughl- li"iga"edD. )ur"her,
con"rar- "o CadleGs asser"ions, i" is no" clear "ha" /e.endan" .ailed "o lis" or schedule or o"her;ise add
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0- a@end@en" "he non(dischargea0le 2ni"ed 8eal"hcare de0" s"e@@ing .ro@ 199& in "he @ore recen"
Cha="er 7 .iling, or even "ha" he had a du"- "o, and 0ringing "his u= is undul- =reFudicial "o;ards
1eller and sa-s @ore a0ou" CadleGs "ac"ics "han an-"hing.
, .e; da-s 0e.ore "he .iling o. "he adversar- =roceeding, 4lain"i.. conduc"ed an
e*a@ina"ion o. /e.endan" =ursuan" "o Rule 2&&4 ).R. Banr. 4. 4lain"i.. .inall- go" around "o
conduc"ing a du0iousl- 0rough" e*a@ina"ion o. /e.endan"Is ;i.e, !a@an"ha 8all, on ,=ril 1$, 2&11.
4lain"i.. has @ade no" a""e@=" "o e*=lain ;h- i" is a si@=le search o. 4acer or cour" records ;ould no"
have revealed "he incredi0l- eas- "o discover .ac" "ha" 1eller .iled a Cha="er 7 0anru="c- =e"i"ion in
199&. 4lain"i.. in no ;a- s=eci.ies in an- de"ailing ;ha"soever s=eci.icall- ho;, a" C0o"h
e*a@ina"ions, 4lain"i.. learned addi"ional .ac"s "o su==or" "he novel cause o. ac"ion con"ained in i"s
,@ended Co@=lain".D Mha" .ac"sK 8o; do "he- su==or" "he ne; cause o. ac"ion in "he ,@ended
Co@=lain"K 4lain"i.. =rovides no su==or" .or an argu@en" "ha" such C.ac"sD ;ere no" easil-
discovera0le "hrough a reasona0l- diligen" inquir- 0- 4lain"i.., such as checing cour"s records or
4acer "o see i. a =revious 0anru="c- had 0een .iled 0- 1eller. 3" does no" "ae a grea" 0ig 0illing
even" lie de=osing 1eller and his ;i.e "o .ind "ha" ou", and .ur"her, 4lain"i..Gs .ailure "o do so is no"
e*cused @erel- 0- "he .ac" "ha" 4lain"i.. @a- have su0sequen"l- 0eco@e a;are o. "he 199& .iling via
"he de=osi"ions. 'he =oin" is, a reasona0l- diligen" inquir- 0- 4lain"i.. ;ould have revealed "he 199&
.iling, and 4lain"i.. has @ade no a""e@=" "o es"a0lish "ha" "he de=osi"ions o. 1eller and his ;i.e -ield
an- Cs=ecialD in.or@a"ion "ha" ;ould e*cuse 4lain"i..Gs earlier lac o. diligence or "he undue 0urden
and e*=ense is has caused 1eller. Mha" is clear is "ha" 1eller can =roduce a cover le""er and )edE*
0illing o. lading "ha" ;ere @ailed along ;i"h "he !"i=ula"ed Budg@en" on "he eve o. "rial on "ha"
s=eci.icall- re.er "o "he "als and docu@en"s involved in incor=ora"ing in"o "he !"i=ula"ed Budg@en"
"he !e""le@en" ,gree@en" 1eller can =roduce Ai. no" @ore, de=ending u=on ;ha" is recovera0le .ro@
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Bi""ing and Bro;nGs dus"- .iles: da"ed ,=ril 1&, 199%, "ha" @ore clearl- se"s .or "he .ac" "ha" 1eller
did no" s"i=ula"e "o an- .raudulen" conduc" or a .idicuar- or "rus" rela"ionshi= in connec"ion ;i"h "he
Budg@en" en"ered in 9a- 199%. Cer"ainl-, even i. so@e"hing isnG" .ound in Bi""ing A"he ReceiverGs
a""orne-: or 1ellerGs old counsel Bro;nGs .iles, "he ,=ril 1&, 199% !e""le@en" ,gree@en" and "he
cover le""er and )edE* 0ill o. lading 1eller can =roduce and ;hich ;ere @ailed along ;i"h 1ellerGs
signed !"i=ula"ed Budg@en" on 9arch 23 or "herea0ou"s, =laced "he onus on Bi""ing and "he Receiver
"o @ae so@e a..ir@a"ive ac"ion "o disavo; "he con"en"ions @ade 0- 1eller "herein ;i"h res=ec" "o
"he e*cu=la"or- na"ure o. "he discussions and docu@en"s connec"ed "o "he Budg@en" en"ered in 9a-
199%.
33.
LEGAL ANAYLSIS
,@end@en" o. co@=lain" , =ar"- @a- a@end "he =ar"-Gs =leading once as a @a""er o. course a"
an- "i@e 0e.ore res=onsive =leading is served or, i. "he =leading is one "o ;hich no res=onsive
=leading is =er@i""ed and "he ac"ion has no" 0een =laced u=on "he "rial calendar, "he =ar"- @a- so
a@end i" a" an- "i@e ;i"hin 2& da-s a."er i" is servedN o"her;ise a =ar"- @a- a@end "he =ar"-Gs
=leading onl- 0- leave o. cour" or 0- ;ri""en consen" o. "he adverse =ar"-, and leave @us" 0e .reel-
given ;hen Fus"ice so requires. )ed. R. Civ. 4. 1%Aa:, @ade a==lica0le in adversar- =roceedings 0-
)ed. R. Banr. 4. 7&1%. 'his rule is a==lica0le "o co@=lain"s o0Fec"ing "o discharge. )our"h Circui" 3n
re 'es"er, %+ B.R. 2&$ AM./. #a. 19$%:. %B )ed. 4roc., 7. Ed. E 9:17%&, 0anru="c- cour" lacs
au"hori"- "o gran" an un"i@el- @o"ion "o a@end an adversar- co@=lain" "o s"a"e ne; causes o. ac"ion
o0Fec"ing "o discharge ;here such @o"ion is no" .iled un"il a."er "he deadline .or o0Fec"ing "o
discharge. Eigh"h Circui" 3n re Bo<e@an, 219 B.R. 2%3 ABanr. M./. ,r. 199$:, a..Gd, 22+ B.R.
+27, 42 )ed. R. !erv. 3d 41+ AB.,.4. $"h Cir. 199$:. Mhenever "he clai@ or de.ense asser"ed in "he
a@ended =leading arose ou" o. "he conduc", "ransac"ion, or occurrence se" .or"h or a""e@="ed "o 0e se"
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.or"h in "he original =leading, "he a@end@en" rela"es 0ac "o "he da"e o. "he original =leading. )ed. R.
Civ. 4. 1%Ac:A2:, @ade a==lica0le in adversar- =roceedings 0- )ed. R. Banr. 4. 7&1%. 'hus, a
=ro=osed a@end@en" "o a co@=lain" o0Fec"ing "o discharge @a- rela"e 0ac "o "he "i@e o. "he .iling o.
"he original co@=lain". )our"h Circui" 3n re 'es"er, %+ B.R. 2&$ AM./. #a. 19$%:
)ed. R. Civ. 4. 1%Aa:, as a@ended and e..ec"ive /ece@0er 1, 2&&9, =rovides "ha" A1: a =ar"-
@a- a@end i"s =leading once as a @a""er o. course ;i"hin: A,: 21 da-s a."er serving i", or AB: i. "he
=leading is one "o ;hich a res=onsive =leading is required, 21 da-s a."er service o. a res=onsive
=leading or 21 da-s a."er service o. a @o"ion under Rule 12A0:, AeA, or A.:, ;hichever is earlier. )ed.
R. Civ. 4. 1%Ac:A2: ;as redesigna"ed as )ed. R. Civ. 4. 1%Ac:A1:AB: in 2&&7. ,ddi"ional discover-
"ha" de.endan" ;ould have "o conduc" i. =os"con.ir@a"ion "rus" es"a0lished under de0"orGs con.ir@ed
Cha="er 11 =lan ;ere allo;ed "o a@end i"s "urnover co@=lain" "o allege "ha" .unds re"ained 0-
de.endan" rela"ed, no" "o de0"orGs =re=e"i"ion shi=@en"s o. goods, 0u" "o goods =rovided =os"=e"i"ion,
and "ha" de.endan"Gs re"en"ion o. .unds "hus viola"ed au"o@a"ic s"a-, did no" rise "o level o. Oundue
=reFudiceO o. ind ;arran"ing denial o. @o"ion .or leave "o a@endN "rus" ;as no" asser"ing ne; coun"
;i"h unrela"ed .ac"s "ha" ;ould re( quire =ar"ies "o s"ar" discover- ane;, and de.endan" could no" 0e
sur=rised "ha" "rus" ;as no; a""e@="ing "o a@end i"s co@=lain" "o con.or@ "o "he One;GG .ac"s recen"l-
asser"ed 0- de.endan" regarding =re( or =os"=e"i"ion na"ure o. .unds i" ;as ;i"hholding. 3n re )le@ing
Co@=anies, 3nc., 323 B.R. 144, +1 )ed. R. !erv. 3d 29+ ABanr. /. /el. 2&&%:. ,ddi"ional clai@s "ha"
Cha="er 11 "rus"ee sough" "o asser", in his a@ended co@=lain", agains" 0an "ha" .inanced "he
leveraged 0u-ou" A7B6: "ha" he challenged as ac"uall- and cons"ruc"ivel- .raudulen" "rans.er, .or
0anGs alleged i@=roviden" lending and aiding in 0reach o. .iduciar- du"-, ;ere no" "i@e(0arred, 0u"
rela"ed 0ac "o his original "i@el- co@=lain", ;here "hese addi"ional clai@s arose ou" o. "he sa@e
.ac"s as "hose "ha" .or@ed 0asis o. "rus"eeGs ori( ginal clai@s agains" 0an. 3n re 66/C, 77C, 321
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B.R. 12$ ABanr. /. /el. 2&&%:. O2ndue =reFudiceGG "o =ar"- o==osing @o"ion .or leave "o a@end
co@=lain" is @ore "han @ere inconvenienceN i" is .ound onl- ;here "he =ar"- @us" overhaul i"s en"ire
li"iga"ion s"ra"eg-. 3n re )le@ing Co@=anies, 3nc., 319 B.R. 3%9 ABanr. /. /el. 2&&%:. Cha="er 11
de0"orsG @o"ion "o a@end "heir a@ended adversar- co@=lain" ;ould 0e denied as un"i@el- ;here,
al"hough @o"ion ;as @ade ;i"hin e*"ended =eriod .or @aing =re"rial @o"ions, de0"ors .ailed "o
Fus"i.- "heir e*"ended and undue dela- in ;ai"ing un"il ;ell over a -ear a."er "he =ar"ies had agreed
"ha" "he =leadings ;ere Ose""ledO "o reques" .ur"her a@end@en", and "o allo; de0"ors "o add ne;
causes o. ac"ion and change "he .ocus o. "he li"iga"ion a."er discover- had 0een co@=le"ed, and a."er
de.endan"s had inves"ed signi.ican" "i@e and @one- in =re=aring and =resen"ing su@@ar- Fudg@en"
@o"ions on "he =leadings, ;ould have 0een =reFudicial "o de.endan"s. 3n re 'horian, 3$7 B.R. %&
ABanr. /. 3daho 2&&$:.
4lain"i.. has @ade no" a""e@=" "o e*=lain ;h- i" is a si@=le search o. 4acer or cour" records
;ould no" have revealed "he incredi0l- eas- "o discover .ac" "ha" 1eller .iled a Cha="er 7 0anru="c-
=e"i"ion in 199&. 4lain"i.. in no ;a- s=eci.ies in an- de"ailing ;ha"soever s=eci.icall- ho;, a" C0o"h
e*a@ina"ions, 4lain"i.. learned addi"ional .ac"s "o su==or" "he novel cause o. ac"ion con"ained in i"s
,@ended Co@=lain".D Mha" .ac"sK 8o; do "he- su==or" "he ne; cause o. ac"ion in "he ,@ended
Co@=lain"K 4lain"i.. =rovides no su==or" .or an argu@en" "ha" such C.ac"sD ;ere no" easil-
discovera0le "hrough a reasona0l- diligen" inquir- 0- 4lain"i.., such as checing cour"s records or
4acer "o see i. a =revious 0anru="c- had 0een .iled 0- 1eller. 3" does no" "ae a grea" 0ig 0illing
even" lie de=osing 1eller and his ;i.e "o .ind "ha" ou", and .ur"her, 4lain"i..Gs .ailure "o do so is no"
e*cused @erel- 0- "he .ac" "ha" 4lain"i.. @a- have su0sequen"l- 0eco@e a;are o. "he 199& .iling via
"he de=osi"ions. 'he =oin" is, a reasona0l- diligen" inquir- 0- 4lain"i.. ;ould have revealed "he 199&
.iling, and 4lain"i.. has @ade no a""e@=" "o es"a0lish "ha" "he de=osi"ions o. 1eller and his ;i.e -ield
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an- Cs=ecialD in.or@a"ion "ha" ;ould e*cuse 4lain"i..Gs earlier lac o. diligence or "he undue 0urden
and e*=ense is has caused 1eller. Mha" is clear is "ha" 1eller can =roduce a cover le""er and )edE*
0illing o. lading "ha" ;ere @ailed along ;i"h "he !"i=ula"ed Budg@en" on "he eve o. "rial on "ha"
s=eci.icall- re.er "o "he "als and docu@en"s involved in incor=ora"ing in"o "he !"i=ula"ed Budg@en"
"he !e""le@en" ,gree@en" 1eller can =roduce Ai. no" @ore, de=ending u=on ;ha" is recovera0le .ro@
Bi""ing and Bro;nGs dus"- .iles: da"ed ,=ril 1&, 199%, "ha" @ore clearl- se"s .or "he .ac" "ha" 1eller
did no" s"i=ula"e "o an- .raudulen" conduc" or a .idicuar- or "rus" rela"ionshi= in connec"ion ;i"h "he
Budg@en" en"ered in 9a- 199%. Cer"ainl-, even i. so@e"hing isnG" .ound in Bi""ing A"he ReceiverGs
a""orne-: or 1ellerGs old counsel Bro;nGs .iles, "he ,=ril 1&, 199% !e""el@en" ,gree@en" and "he
cover le""er and )edE* 0ill o. lading 1eller can =roduce and ;hich ;ere @ailed along ;i"h 1ellerGs
signed !"i=ula"ed Budg@en" on 9arch 23 or "herea0ou"s, =laced "he onus on Bi""ing and "he Receiver
"o @ae so@e a..ir@a"ive ac"ion "o disavo; "he con"en"ions @ade 0- 1eller "herein ;i"h res=ec" "o
"he e*cu=la"or- na"ure o. "he discussions and docu@en"s connec"ed "o "he Budg@en" en"ered in 9a-
199%.
,llo;ing Cadle "o a@end here cer"ainl- ;ould a@oun" "o undue =reFudice "o 1eller. ,lread-,
Fus" "o .ile "his 6==osi"ion, 1eller has 0een .orced "o =rocure "he services o. "he undersigned, and
a0sen" "ha", 1eller ;ould 0e =a-ing a ;eeend =lu@0erGs e@ergenc- ranso@ "o address a si"ua"ion
caused 0- 6GRoureGs .ailure "o run a na@e search .or 1eller "o discover- =revious 0anru="c-Gs and
"he doce"s "here.ro@. 6GRoure should surel- 0e a;are o. and a0le "o use 4acer. )ur"her,
6GRoure, ;hose aggresive li"iga"ing is having a dele"erious e..ec" on 1eller .or sure, doesnG" even
0o"her "o ci"e a single case in su==or" o. his Ores Fudica"aO argu@en" A;ouldnG" "ha" argu@en" ;or "he
o"her ;a- "oo, i.e, since "here ;as no language s=eci.icall- incor=ora"ing 0- re.erence "he allega"ions
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o. "he Co@=lain" in "he Budg@en", "he issue "ha" 1eller co@@i""ed no .raud is 0arred 0- issue or clai@
=reclusionK:
P;es" Co@@unica"ions 3n"ern., 3nc. v. ,' Q ' Cor=., 114 !.M.3d 1% 'e*.,==.,us"in,2&&3
Cour" rendering agreed Fudg@en" @us" do so in s"ric" or li"eral co@=liance ;i"h se""le@en" agree@en".
#ernonGs ,nn.'e*as Rules Civ.4roc., Rule 11. 3ssues o. .raud or ;ill.ul evasion o. "a*es ;ere never
ac"uall- li"iga"ed or ad@i""ed as "o de0"or 19$4 "a* lia0ili"ies in li"iga"ion 0e.ore 'a* Cour", and "hus,
de0"or ;as no" colla"erall- es"o==ed "o den- nondischargea0ili"- o. 19$4 "a* de0" 0ased on his
consen" "o decision 0- 2ni"ed !"a"es 'a* Cour" o. decision i@=osing .raud =enal"ies, ;here no
ad@issions, .ac"ual .indings, or in"en"ion o. =ar"ies concerning .raud issue or ;ill.ul evasion .or 19$4
"a*es ;ere incor=ora"ed in"o 'a* Cour" decision, govern@en" ad@i""ed in i"s ans;er "ha" .raud
=enal"ies, ;hich ;ere onl- discerni0le reason .ro@ .ace o. 'a* Cour" decision .or den-ing
dischargea0( ili"- o. 19$4 "a* lia0ili"-, ;ere dischargea0le, and s"i=ula"ed en"r- o. decision ;as 0are
o. an- .ac"ual su==or". Banr.Code, 11 2.!.C.,. E %23Aa:A1:AC:. 3n re >o.., 1$& B.R. 193, Banr. 7.
Re=. ACC8: 4 7+497, 7% ,.).'.R.2d 9%(2%31 ABanr. M./. 'enn. 199%:.
1% ,.7.R. )ed. 2d 337 A6riginall- =u0lished in 2&&+: !ee =age 149 "hru 1+& s=eci.ic "o
insurance indus"r-. OMhere "he 3nsurance Co@@issioner o. "he !"a"e o. Mes" #irginia
ACo@@issioner: ;as a=( =oin"ed "he receiver and liquida"or o. an insolven" li.e insurance co@=an-,
and "he Co@@is( sioner sued "he .or@er direc"ors o. "he li.e insurance co@=an-, "he cour" in 3n re
Mil0ur, 1997 M7 37%+$7 ABanr. 9./. )la. 1997:, .ound "ha" "he Co@@issioner .ailed "o =resen"
evidence "ha" a de0"or .or@er direc"or co@@i""ed .raud ;hile ac"ing in a .iduciar- ca=aci"-, since "he
s"a"e cour"Gs holdings regarding "he de0"orGs .iduciar- role did no" sa"is.- "he require@en"s o. "he
discharge e*ce="ion .or .raud or de.alca"ion ;hile ac"ing in a .iduciar- ca=aci"- under 11 2.!.C.,. E
%23Aa:A4:. )lorida /e=ar"@en" o. 3nsurance, in i"s ca=aci"- as "he receiver o. insolven" insurance
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co@=anies, 0rough" adversar- =roceedings agains" a 0anru=" .or@er o..icer and direc"or "o recover
.or "he .or@er o..icerGs alleged usur=a"ion and 0reach o. .iduciar- du"- and "o e*ce=" "his
inde0"edness .ro@ discharge, and on "he de0"or o..icerGs @o"ion .or su@@ar- Fudg@en", "he cour" in
3n re Blac0urn, 2&9 B.R. 4 ABanr. 9./. )la. 1997:, concluded "ha" "he general .iduciar- du"ies
o;ed "o a )lorida cor=ora"ion 0- i"s o..icers and direc"ors ;ere insu..icien", 0- "he@selves, "o su==or"
"he clai@ "ha" "he o..icers and direc"ors s"ood in a O.iduciar- ca=a( ci"-O "o "he cor=ora"ion .or de0"
dischargea0ili"- =ur=oses under 11 2.!.C.,. E %23Aa:A4:N 1% ,.7.R. )ed. 2d 337 4age 1+& 1% ,.7.R.
)ed. 2d 337 A6riginall- =u0lished in 2&&+:. O'he cour" 3n re Nords"ro@, $ )ed. ,==*. $23 A9"h Cir.
2&&1:, held "ha" no .iduciar- rela( "ionshi=, .or "he =ur=oses o. "he .iduciar- .raud or de.alca"ion
discharge e*ce="ion o. 11 2.!.C.,. E %23Aa:A4:, e*is"ed 0e";een "he Fudg@en"(credi"or and "he
individual de0"or as o;ner and o=era"or o. ";o rela"ed cor=ora"ions engaged in "he sale o. insurance
;here "he credi"or could no" sho; "he requisi"e e*=ress or "echnical "rus" 0e";een "he =ar"ies. 'he
credi"( or had 0een inFured in an au"o@o0ile acciden" and o0"ained a de.aul" Fudg@en" agains" "he o"h(
er driver, ;ho ;as insured 0- an insolven" co@=an- "ha" sold insurance "hrough "he de0"orGs
cor=ora"ion. 'he credi"or "hen .iled a s"a"e cour" ac"ion agains" "he de0"or, individuall- and "hrough
his co@=anies, alleging "ha" he had in"en"ionall- engaged in a .raudulen" sche@e "o sell under.unded
insurance =olicies in viola"ion o. Cali.ornia la;, and o0"ained Fudg@en" agains" "he de0"or
co@=anies.O
Rule 7&1% )ed. R. Banr. 4., incor=ora"ing Rule 1% )ed. R. Civ. 4., =rovides a s"andard .or
"he a@end@en" o. =leadings. ,."er, ;here, as here, /e.endan" has alread- .iled a res=onsive
=leading, leave "o a@end should 0e gran"ed unless a@end@en" ;ould cause =reFudice "o "he o==osing
=ar"-, is sough" in 0ad .ai"h, is .u"ile, or crea"es undue dela-. Bohnson v. 9a@@o"h Recrea"ions, 97%
).2d +&4, +&7 A9"h Cir. 1992:. 3n "his case, 4lain"i.. should no" 0e accorded leave "o a@end i"s
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adversar- co@=lain" on all "hose accoun"s, and .ur"her, as 4lain"i.. and i"s counsel "horoughl- .ails "o
s=eci.- in an- de"ail ;ha"soever ;ha" addi"ional in.or@a"ion regarding /e.endan"Is ac"ions and "he
underl-ing Fudg@en" ca@e "o ligh" a."er "he .iling o. "he ini"ial adversar- =roceeding "ha" a si@=le
na@e search .or 1eller on 4acer or "he 0anru="c- doce"s or an- o"her a""e@="s a" @aing a
reasona0l- diligen" inquir- vis a vis Rule 9&11 ;ould have revealed. !=eaing o. 9&11, o==osing
counsel .ails "o ci"e "o a single case su==or"ing his "rul- crea"ive res Fudica"a argu@en", and "he sa@e
can 0e said, ;i"h ever @ore vigor a0ou" 4lain"i..Gs .ailure "o =rovide an- legal su==or" .or ;ha" see@s
"o 0e "heir con"en"ion "ha" 1eller ;as under so@e legal du"- "o 0eco@e a =s-chic and no; "ha" 3
-ears a."er "he close o. "he 0anru="c- 1eller .iled in 199& "ha" 1eller ;ould have a Fudg@en" agains"
hi@ in 'e*as in 199%, "hough 6GRoure @aes conclusor- asser"ions in his =leadings "ha" 1ellerGs
Olia0ili"- ;as clearO 0- "he "i@e "he 199& Ch. 7 .iling ;as ending Ano" clear enough, a==aren"l-, "o
=reven" over "hree @ore -ears "i@e =assing 0e.ore an- Fudg@en" ;as rendered agains" 1eller in
'e*as, "hough:, ho;ever, 6GRoure .ails "o ci"e even one case "ha" ;ould su==or" his argu@en" under
"hose circu@s"ances, even i. "he- could 0e =roven. 6GRoure .ailed "o ci"e a case .or ;ha" see@s "o
0e his argu@en" "ha" i. 1ellerGs lia0ili"- ;as clear vis a vis "he 'e*as @a""er, i" should have 0een
scheduled in "he 199& ,ri<ona 0anru="c- .iling 0- "he "i@e "ha" ended so@e"i@e in 1992, and "ha",
1ellerGs .ailure "o do so no; su0Fec"s hi@ "o "he cause o. ac"ion "ha" "he Cadle Co@=anno; sees "o
add 0- a@ending i"s original Co@=lain" in "his adversar- =roceeding. 4lain"i..Is a@end@en" ;ill
cer"ainl- dela- "he =roceedings even .ur"her since each cause o. ac"ion does no" su0s"an"iall- overla=
or rela"es 0ac "o "he original co@=lain". ,c"uall-, 6GRoure has no" even es"a0lished "ha" "his ne;
cause o. ac"ion does rela"e 0ac "o !69E'39E BE)6RE "he .iling o. "he original Co@=lain" in
'e*as Aagain, Cadle requiring 1eller "o 0e a =s-chic, a==aren"l-:. Pui"e si@=l-, "he de0" "ha"
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/e.endan" o;es 4lain"i.. could no" have =ossi0l- 0een lis"ed or scheduled 0- "he de0"or in his earlier
case in "he 2ni"ed !"a"es Banru="c- Cour" o. "he /is"ric" o. ,ri<ona and i" is
"here.ore dischargea0le under 11 2.!.C. E %23Aa:A1&:, ;hich reads "ha": OA1&: "ha" ;as or could have
0een lis"ed or scheduled 0- "he de0"or in a =rior case concerning "he de0"or under "his "i"le or under
"he Banru="c- ,c" in ;hich "he de0"or ;aived discharge, or ;as denied a discharge under sec"ion
727Aa:A2:, A3:, A4:, A%:, A+:, or A7: o. "his "i"le, or under sec"ion 14cA1:, A2:, A3:, A4:, A+:, or A7: o. such
,c"O.
Bid =ro"es"or ;ould 0e gran"ed leave "o .ile second a@ended co@=lain" a."er i" learned "ha"
con"rac" had 0een @odi.ied "hree "i@es a."er re(a;ard, no";i"hs"anding de.endan"sG o0Fec"ion "ha"
a@end@en" ;ould 0e .u"ile 0ecause Furisdic"ion ;as lacing over ne; clai@s ;hich alleged .ac"s
;hich occurred a."er con"rac" a;ard, as ne; clai@s alleged O@a"erialO =os"(a;ard changes "o "he
con"rac", allo;ing re"en"ion o. Furisdic"ion =ursuan" "o "he Co@=e"i"ion in Con"rac"ing ,c" AC3C,:.
3n.or@a"ion !ciences Cor=. v. 2.!., $& )ed. Cl. +4$ A2&&$:. , @o"ion "o a@end @a- 0e dee@ed .u"ile
i. a clai@ added 0- "he a@end@en" ;ould no" ;i"hs"and a @o"ion "o dis@iss. !hoshone 3ndian 'ri0e
o. "he Mind River Reserva"ion, M-o@ing v. 2.!., 71 )ed. Cl. 172 A2&&+:. , =lain"i.. ;ould no" 0e
allo;ed "o a@end a co@=lain" ;here a =lain"i..Gs clai@s ;ere 0arred 0- res Fudica"a or colla"eral
es"o==el and o"her;ise did no" co@e ;i"hin "he Furisdic"ion o. "he Cour" o. )ederal Clai@s, and "hus
.ur"her a@end@en" ;as .u"ile. !aladino v. 2.!., +2 )ed. Cl. 7$2 A2&&4:.
)inall-, de.endan" ;ill "horoughl- 0e =reFudiced as a grea" deal o. invasive discover- has
"aen =lace "o da"e alread- and Cadle has 0een =rovided conclusive =roo. "ha" 1ellerGs ;i.e should
no" 0e 0o"hered 0- "his li"iga"ion, @uch less 0e su0Fec" "o even @ore invasive ve*a"ion even 0e-ond
"he Rule 2&&4 e*a@ina"ion she has alread- 0een .orced "o su0@i" "o. !ince so ver- @uch "i@e has
no; =assed since "he .iling o. "his ,dversar- 4roceeding, no" "o @en"ion "he cou=le o. decades "ha"
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00339
To: B4599J51-JOle-4bdb-9Jac-65cJ1ba From: zachcoughlln 11-19-11 5:14pm p. 91 of 91

1 have passed since Keller's 1990 Arizona bankrutpcy filing, much less tha complete ad utter absence
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of a nexus between that fling ad the 1995 Judgment in Texas, to say nothing of the reputation the
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Cadle Compay have developed in State and beyond for scurrilous, vexatious litigation, the standards
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of Rule 15 should yield an Order denying Plaintits Motion to Amend their Complaint.
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III.
CONCLUSION
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F or the reasons cited above, Defendant respectlly requests that this
C
ourt enter a Order
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denying The Cadle Company's Motion to amend its Adversary Complaint and perhaps consider
10 whether Keller is due something for his trouble in opposing a motion that didn't bother to cite to
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much in the way of legal authority in support of its contentions.
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DA TED this 23rd day of November, 2011.
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lsi Zachary Barker Coughlin
Zachary Barker Coughlin, Esq.
17 Attorney for Defendant
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OPPOSITION TO MTION TO A COMLINT IN ARA PROCEING
00340
To. B4599357-307e-4bdh-93ac-65c32ba From, zachcouqh11n

12-19-11 5,24pm p. 91 of 92
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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE AD MAILING
I HEREBY CERTIFY that on November 23" 2011 a true and correct copy of the foregoing was filed
i hard copy with the Clerk of Cour i compliance with LR 5005, as the undersigned is not yet
registered to efile on the CM/ECF system. I filed and deposited i the U.S. Mail a true copy of the
within: OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO AMEND COMLAINT IN ADVERSARY
PROCEDING to:
MICHAEL P. O'ROURKE, ESQ.
Nevada Bar No. 6764
O'ROURKE LAW GROUP, PC
800 Fifh Avenue, Suite 4100
Seattle, Washington 98104
Telephone: (206) 477-1475
Facsimile: (206) 470-1150
orourkelawgrougail.com
BRIAN J. SMITH, ESQ.
Nevada Bar No. 11279
Of Counsel to O'ROURKE LAW
GROUP, PC
700 South Third Street
Las Vegas, Nevada 89101
Telephone: (702) 380-8248
Facsimile: (702) 382-7595
Attorneys fOI' Plaintif
Dated this 23th day of Noverber, 2011
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/s/ Zach Cou
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Attorey for Defendant Keller
OPPOSITION TO MTION TO A CLNT IN AVR PROCEEING
00341

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CASE NO.: 11 CR22176
DEPT. NO.: 4

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ClTY OF RENO
Plaintiff,
vs.
Defendant.
OPPOSITION TO
MOTION FOR NEW TRlAL
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The City of Reno, by and through John Kadlic, Reno City Attorey and Pamela Roberts,
Deputy City Attorey, opposes what appears to be Defendant Zachery Barker Coughlin's Motion
for New Trial. This Opposition is made pursuant to Reno Municipal Court Rule 4 and based on
the following Points and Authorities.
I. FACTS
POINTS AND AUTHORlTIES
On December IS, 2011 at approximately 3:4 6 PM, the City received a two page fax
(hereinafer "First Fax") from Defendant Zachary Barker Coughlin (hereinafer "Defendant").
See Declaration of Pamela Roberts. It appears to be a copy of an email Defendant sent to Deputy
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City Attorey Chris Hazlett-Stevens, Deputy City Attorey Pamela Roberts and City Attorey
John Kadlic on Monday, December 12, 2011 at 9:52 PM. Id At the top of the First Fax is the
heading "Here is service of the Motion for a New Trial, Set Aside, Va [ sic]." Id at Exhibit A-I
and A- 2.
00342
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On December 15, 2011 at approximately 4:01 PM, the City received a three page fax
(hereinafer "Second Fax") from Defendant. Id This Second Fax has a one page "FAX COVER
SHEET" which indicates "R: City of reno [sic] v Coughlin RMC 11 CR 22176 21 Motion for
New Trial." Id at Exhibit 8-1, 8-2 and 8-3. The second and third pages of the Second Fax are
virtually identical to the First Fax received at approximately 3:46 PM. Id
On December 19,2011 at approximately 5:21 PM, the City received a 92-page fax fom
Defendant. Id The frst page thereof has a court and cause of this case and is entitled "Notice of
Denial of Service; Opposition City of Reno's Notice of Denial of Service; Request for
Clarification Regarding Deadline for Filing Motion For New Trial, Other Tolling Motions, etc.;
APPLICATION FOR DEFERRAL OR WAIVER OF COURT FEES AND COST" (hereinafer
"Notice-Opposition-Request-Application"). Id The City presumes this has been filed with the
Court.
Contained therein is a "DECLARATION OF ZACH COUGHLIN" which contains two
references to a "Motion for a New Trial" and a "Motion for New Trial." See Notice-Opposition
Request-Application at "DECLARATION OF ZACH COUGHLIN" 3 and 15.
At 3, Defendant writes "I ... have faxed [Ms. Roberts] the December 13
th
Motion for a
New Trial, etc. to Ms. Roberts at her fax number." Id The City did not receive such a fax or
Motion for a New Tria. See Declaration of Pamela Roberts.
At 15, Defendant writes "He did indicate that 'they' said the Motion for New Trial that I
had recently filed was timely, . . " See Notice-Opposition-Request-Application at
"DECLARATION OF ZACH COUGHLIN" at 1 5. The City has not received proper service of
any filed Motion for New Trial. See Declaration of Pamela Roberts.
II. ARGUMENT
A.
The City Was Not Served With Any Motion for New Trial via the First Fax.
The First Fax is merely a copy of an alleged email. See Declaration of Pamela Roberts
and Exhibits A-I and A-2 thereto. There is no Motion for New Trial attached thereto. Id There
is no afidavit or affidavits and no points and authorities a is required by R.M.C.R. 4. Id
00343
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B.
1

The City Was Not Served With Any Motion for New Trial via the Second
Fax.
The Second Fax has a Fax Cover Sheet and then is merely a copy of an alleged email. Id
There is no Motion for New Trial attached thereto. Id There is no afidavit or afidavits and no
points and authorities as is required by R.M.C.R. 4. Id
c. The City Has Not Been Properly Served - Indeed Has Not Received - Any
Motion For New Trial.
Defendant alleges in his Notice-Opposition-Request-Application tat he filed with the
Court and served via fax a Motion for New Trial upon Deputy City Attorey Roberts and the
City. The City is unawae if Defendant has in fact fled a Motion for New Trial with the Court.
The City denies it was served via fax and denies that it was served at all with any Motion for
New Trial fled on or about December 13 or 15,2011.
II. CONCLUSION
Any Moton for New Trial fled by Defendant on or about December 13 or IS, 2011
should be denied for failure to serve the City.
Respectfully submitted this 10f day of December, 2011.
JOHN 1. KADLIC
Reno City Attorey
By -- -
PAMELA ROBERTS
Deputy City Attorey
Reno City Attorey's Ofce
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NV 89505
(775) 334-2050
00344
1 DECLARATION OF PAMELA ROBERTS
2
STATE OF NEVADA
)
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:ss
COUNTY OF WASHOE
I, Pamela Robers, declare under penalty of perjury pursuant to NRS 53.045 that
the following it true and correct:
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1.
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I am the Deputy City Attorney for the City of Reno and the Reno City Attorney's
Office.
On December 15, 2011 at approximately 3:46 PM
1
, the City received a two page
fax (hereinafer "First Fax") from Defendant Zachary Barker Coughlin (hereinafer
"Defendant"). An accurate copy thereof is attached hereto as Exhibit A-1 and A-
2. It appears to be a copy of an email Defendant sent to Deputy City Attorney
Chris Hazlett-Stevens, Deputy City Atorney Pamela Roberts and Cit Attorney
John Kadlic on Monday, December 12, 2011 at 9:52 PM. At the top of the First
Fax is the heading "Here is service of the Motion for a New Trial, Set Aside, Va
[sic]." See Exhibit A-1 and A-2 hereto.
On December 15, 2011 at approximately 4:01 PM
2
, the City received a three
page fax (hereinafer "Second Fax"
)
from Defendant. An accurate copy thereof is
attached hereto as Exhibit 81, B-2 and B-3. This Second Fax has a one page
"FAX COVER SHEET" which indicates "RE: City of reno [SiC] v Coughlin RMC 11
CR 22176 21 Motion for New Trial." See Exhibit 8-1. The second and third
pages of the Second Fax are virually identical to the First Fax received at
approximately 3:46 PM. See Exhibit B-2 and B-3.
1 The RECEIVED TIME stamp indicates 4:46 PM. However, on December 19,2011 at 2:45 PM, it was discovered
26
that the time stamp on the fax machine was off by one hour i.e., it stamped 3:45 PM when the time was actually 2:45
PM. Apparently, when Daylight Savings Time reverted to Standard Time on November 6, 2011, the time function
was not changed to reflect the reversion t Standard Time. The time stamp feature was corrected on December 19,
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2011 at approximately 3:35 PM.
2 See Footnote 1 above.
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00345
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6.
7.
e)

On December 19, 2011 at approximately 5:21 PM, the City received a 92-page
fax from Defendant. The first page thereof has a cour and cause of this case
and is entitled "Notice of Denial of Service; Opposition City of Reno's Notice of
Denial of Service; Request for Clarification Regarding Deadline for Filing Motion
For New Trial, Other Tolling Motions, etc.; APPLICATION FOR DEFERRAL OR
WAIVER OF COURT FEES AND COST' (hereinafer "Notice-Opposition
Request-Application"). The City presumes this has been filed with the Cour.
Contained therein is a "DECLARATION OF ZACH COUGHLIN" which contains
two references to a "Motion for a New Trial" and a "Motion for New Trial." See
Notice-Opposition-Request-Application at "DECLARATION OF ZACH
COUGHLIN" 13 and 115.
At 13, Defendant writes "I .. . have faxed [Ms. Roberts] the December
13th
Motion for a New Trial, etc. to Ms. Roberts at her fax number." The City did not
receive such a fax or Motion for a New Trial.
At 115, Defendant writes "He did indicate that 'they' said the Motion for New Trial
that I had recently filed was timely, .. . " See Notice-Opposition-Request
Application at "DECLARATION OF ZACH COUGHLIN" at 115. The City has not
received proper service of any filed Motion for New Trial.
Pursuant to NRS 53.045, I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is
true and correct. Executed on December 20, 2011.
PAMELA ROBERTS
00346
..... ........
: Hotail Print Message
from: zachcoughlin

..... .... p. 1 of 1
Page lof2
Here is service of the Motion for a New Trial, Set Aside,
Va
Frm: Zath Coughlin (zachcoughlin@hotmail.coml
Sent Mon 12/12/11 9:52 PM
To: hazlett-stevensc@reno.gov; robertsp@reno.gov; kadlicj@reno.gov
Is it about tme for you to get that CDJDVD tat Walmar'ts AP guy
Faustino handed the two Reno Sparks Indian Colony officers when tey
were leading te suspect away in cuffs ... not the video you gave me of
sling blade badgering the lawyer I got those two videos you gave me
which just te badgering in the interrogation room. I a talking about
te cd/dvd that Walmart's guy gave tem as they were walking
out.. .. Doesn't it seem like you really need to get tat now, to stay on the
rigt side of Nifong? You remember Nifong, don't you. Walma ap
guy sit tere on the stand, under penalty of perjuy and testif that no
video was collected in any way related t me or this case aside fom the
2 interrogation room videos you provided (with a highly suspect 14mb
"codec" program required t view te videos .... ca you indicate why
tat is necessary to watch a simple old .avi file?).
why did you subor the peIury of bot the walmart guy and the
ofcers regarding no oter video existing? I can't fgure that one out.
Ms. Roberts, don't you practice in RMC quite a bit? Maybe I a
confused, but doesn't te RMC rules permit serving a goverent
attorey such as yourself via email? What do you have against email?
It is economical for tose of use who don't have such public largesse to
work with. Here is service of te Motion for a New Trial, Set Aside,
Vacate, etc., etc:
httpsJskydrive.live.com/redir.aspx?cid-43084638f32f!f28&resid43084638F321!f28!1031&parid=root
Its only something like 1,000 pages.
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
817 N. Virginia st #2
Reno, N 89501
tel: 775338 8118
fax: 9496677402
Licellsed il Nevada and USPO
** Notice'1 This message and accompanying document. are covered by the electronic Communications Privacy
Act 18 U S C. 2510-2521. and may contain confidential infonnaton intended for the specified individual (5)
only. If you are not the intended recipient or an agent responsible for dehvenng it to the Intended reciplent, you are
hereby notified that you have receIved this document in error and that any review, dissemination, copying, or the
taking of any action based on the contents of thIS mformation IS strictly prohibited This message ;s confidential,
intended only for the named recipient(s) and may contain information that is privilesed, attorney work
EXHIBIT A-1
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00347
To: 4a777Jd6-eJa4-4e47-9478-J46a591
Hotal Prin
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Message
f,om: zachcoughlln

1Z-15-11 3:49pm p. at l
Page 2 0[2
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Date: Mon,
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00348
Flom: zachcough!!n
zci
817 N. Virginia st #2
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fa: 949 667 7402
Nevada Ba No: 9473
DATE: December 14, 211
TO; .PU Rbtrt, Rno City Altomey, 775 334 2420
FA NO: 775 334 2420
Numbr of pag indudg cover sheet 3
Oga wlnD follow.
HE:. Cit of reno v Coughlin RC 11 CR2176 21
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RECEIVED TIME DEC. 15. 5:01PM
FA CO SE

12-15-11 4:04pm p. 1 of]
EXHIBIT
B-1
00349
To, 4a??73d6-e3a4-4e41-9418-346.91
December 15th, 2011
Dear Ms. Roberts,
From' lachcoughlln
Zch Coug. Esq.
817 N. Viga St #2
Rn, N 89501
Tel: please only comuncate i wb
fa 949667 74Q2
Lcensed i Nevada, N Ba No: 973

12-15-11 4,04pm p. 2 of J
Here is service 0 f the Motion for aNew Trial, Set
Aside,
Va
Frm: Zach Coughin (zachcoughlin@hotmail.com)
Sent: Mon 12/12/11 9:52 PM
To: hazlett-stevel'sc@rel'o.gov; robertsp@rel'o.gov; kadlicj@rel'o.gov
Is it about time for you to get that CDIDVD that Walmar'ts AP guy
Faustino handed the two Reno Sparks Indian Colony ofcers when they
were leading the suspect away in cufs ... not te video you gave me of
sling blade badgering the lawyer I got tose two videos you gave me
which just te badgering in te iterrogation room. I am talking about
the cd/dvd that Walmart's guy gave them as they were walking
out.. .. Doesn't it seem like you really need to get that now, to stay on te
right side of Nifong? You remember Nifong, don't you. Walmart ap
guy sit there on the stand, under penalty of peIury and testif that no
video was collected in any way related to me or this case aside from the
2 interogation room videos you provided (with a highly suspect 14mb
"codec" program required to view the videos .... can you indicate why
that is necessary to watch a simple old .avi fle?).
why did you subor the peIjury of both the walmart guy and the
oficers regarding no other video existing? I can't figure that one out.
Ms. Roberts, don't you practice in RMC quite a bit? Maybe I am
confused, but doesn't the RMC rules perlit serving a goverment
2/3
EXHIBIT i-2
RECEIVED TIME DEC. 15. 5:01PM
00350
To: 4.1113d6-eJ.4-4e41-9418-J46.591 From: zachcoughlln
11-15-11 4:04pm p. J of J
)

attorey such as yourself via email? Wat do you have against email?
It is economical for those of use who don't have such public largesse to
work with. Here is service of the Motion for a New Trial, Set Aside,
Vacate, etc., etc:
h ttps:! /skydrive *live#c mired ir.aspx? cid =43084638 f32f5 f28&resid =43084638 F32 FS F28! 1031&pa rid = roo t
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 8 9501
tel: 775338 8118
fax: 949667 7402
* Notice* This message and accompnying documents are covered by the electroruc Communications Privacy
Act, 18 U S.c. 2510-2521, and may contain canidentialmfonnatlOn intended for the speclfied mdividual (s)
only. If you are not the intended reciplent or an agent responsible for deliveri ng it to the intended recipient, you are
hereby notified that you have received this document m error and that any review, dlsseminal1on, copying, or the
takg of any action based on the contents of this information i strictly prohibIted. This message is confdental,
intended only for the named recpient(s) and may contin informaton that is privileged, attorney
work
Hotmail Print Message Page 1 of 2
product or exempt fom discosure under applicble law. If you are not the intended recpient(s),
you are
notifed that any disclosure, copying, distribution ar any action taken or omitted to be taken in
reliance on
the content of this information is prohibited and may be unlawful. If you receive this mesage in
eror, or
are not the named recipient(s), please notif te sender, delete this e-mail fom your computer,
and
destoy any cpies in any form immediately. Receipt by anyone other tan the named redpient(s)
is not a
waiver of any attorney-cient work product or other applicable privilege.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
3/3
RECEIVED TlME DEC. 15. 5:01PM
EXHIBIT B-3
00351
.)

1
CERTIFICATE OF MAILING
2
Pursuant to NRCP 5(b), I certify I am an employee of the Reno City Attorey's ofce,
3
and on this date, I placed a copy of the foregoing OPPOSITION TO MOTION FOR NEW
4
TRIAL in a sealed envelope placed for collection and mailing in the United States Mail at Reno,
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Nevada, postage prepaid, following ordinary business practices addressed to:
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817 N. Virginia St., #2
Reno, Nevada 89501
DATED this day of December, 2011.
00352
1 2880
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6 IN THE SECOND JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT OF THE STATE OF NEVADA
7 IN AND FOR THE COUNTY OF WASHOE
8
9 ZACHARY BARKER COUGHLIN,
10
Appellant,
CRll-2064 Case No.
11 vs.
12 CITY OF RENO,
Dept. No. 10
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Respondent.
________________________
ORDER FOR BRIEFING SCHEDULE
The record on appeal in the above-entitled matter having been filed with the
17 Clerk of this Court on December 23, 2011;
18
NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Appellant file and
19 serve on Respondent an Opening Brief within thirty (30) days of the date of this Order.
20 The Opening Brief shall contain a statement of the errors committed in Reno Municipal
21 Court, with accompanying authorities, and shall not exceed five pages.
22
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Respondent shall file and serve on
23 Appellant an Answering Brief, which shall not exceed five pages, within twenty (20) days
after the filing date of Appellant's Opening Brief.
24
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IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Appellant's failure to file an Opening Brief
within the time limitation hereinabove stated shall be deemed an admission that the appeal
26
was not well founded and shall constitute adequate grounds for dismissal of the appeal.
27
28
-1-
1 2880
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Appellant,
CRll-2064 Case No.
11 vs.
12 CITY OF RENO,
Dept. No. 10
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Respondent.
________________________
ORDER FOR BRIEFING SCHEDULE
The record on appeal in the above-entitled matter having been filed with the
17 Clerk of this Court on December 23, 2011;
18
NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Appellant file and
19 serve on Respondent an Opening Brief within thirty (30) days of the date of this Order.
20 The Opening Brief shall contain a statement of the errors committed in Reno Municipal
21 Court, with accompanying authorities, and shall not exceed five pages.
22
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Respondent shall file and serve on
23 Appellant an Answering Brief, which shall not exceed five pages, within twenty (20) days
after the filing date of Appellant's Opening Brief.
24
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IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Appellant's failure to file an Opening Brief
within the time limitation hereinabove stated shall be deemed an admission that the appeal
26
was not well founded and shall constitute adequate grounds for dismissal of the appeal.
27
28
-1-
F I L E D
Electronically
01-05-2012:05:38:01 PM
Joey Orduna Hastings
Clerk of the Court
Transaction # 2683654
00353
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IT IS FINALLY ORDERED that upon the briefs having been filed, the
matter should be submitted by Appellant pursuant to WDCR 12(4). This Court will take the
matter under submission without oral argument.
DATED this S day of January, 2012.
f ~
~
District Judge
-2-
00354
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I hereby certify that I electronically filed the foregoing with the Clerk of the Court by
using the ECF system which served the following parties electronically:
PAMELA ROBERTS, ESQ. for CITY OF RENO
I further certify that I am an employee of the Second Judicial District Court of the
State of Nevada, in and for the County of Washoe; that on this date I deposited for mailing
a copy of the foregoing document addressed to:
Zachary Coughlin
817 N. Virginia St., #2
Reno, NV 89501
DATED this day of January, 2012.

HEIDI HOW "
judicial Assistant
-3-
00355
****** IMPORTANT NOTICE - READ THIS INFORMATION *****
PROOF OF SERVICE OF ELECTRONIC FILING
A filing has been submitted to the court RE: CR11-2064
Judge: STEVEN ELLIOTT
Official File Stamp: 01-05-2012:17:38:01
Clerk Accepted: 01-05-2012:17:38:31
Court: Second Judicial District Court - State of Nevada
Case Title: ZACH COUGHLIN VS. CITY OF RENO (D10)
Document(s) Submitted: Ord for Briefing Schedule
Filed By: Heidi Howden
You may review this filing by clicking on the
following link to take you to your cases.
This notice was automatically generated by the courts auto-notification system.
If service is not required for this document (e.g., Minutes), please disregard the below language.
The following people were served electronically:
The following people have not been served electronically and must be served by traditional
means (see Nevada electronic filing rules):
ZACHARY COUGHLIN
00356
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Document Code:
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Nevada Bar No: 9473
4!! E. 9th "t. #!
$eno, N% &9'!
(ele: 77')33&)&&
ZachCoughlin*hotmail.com
+ttorne, -or +..ellant
F I L E D
Electronically
01-10-2012:01:29:13 AM
Clerk of the Court
/N (0E "EC1ND 23D/C/+4 D/"($/C( C13$( 15 (0E "(+(E 15 NE%+D+
Z+C0 C13804/N9
+..ellant,
vs.
C/(6 15 $EN1
$es.ondents.
/N +ND 51$ (0E C13N(6 15 7+"01E
: C+"E N1: C$)!;<4
:
: DE=(. N1: ;
: CR11-2064 - ZACH COUGHLIN VS. CITY
: OF RENO (D10)
:
:
:
:
: NOTICE OF APPEARANCE AS
: ATTORNEY OF RECORD ON BEHALF
: OF ZACHARY COUGHLIN
:
NOTICE OF APPEARANCE ON BEHALF OF ZACHARY COUGHLIN
(his undersigned here>, -iles this Notice o- +..earance to a..ear as and >e added -or all .ur.oses,
including all E)5le? Noti-ications and access, as +ttorne, o- $ecord -or +..ellant, Zach Coughlin.
Dated this 2anuar, ;th, !;!
@s@ Zach CoughlinAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
N% Bar No. 9473
4!! E. 9th "t. #!
$eno, N% &9'!
- 1
NOTICE OF APPEARANCE AS ATTORNEY OF RECORD ON BEHALF OF ZACHARY
COUGHLIN
00357

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(ele: 77')33&)&&
5a?: 949)<<7)74;!
ZachCoughlin*hotmail.com
+ttorne, -or +..ellant
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COUGHLIN
00358
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+55/$B+(/1N =ursuant to N$" !39B.;3;
+lso, this document does not contain an, social securit, num>er or other ina..ro.riate material
.ursuant to N$" !39B.;3;.
D+(ED this 2anuar, ;th, !;!
A@s@ Zach Coughlin
Zach Coughlin
+..ellant
- 3
COUGHLIN
00359
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)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))

PROOF OF SERVICE
/, Zach Coughlin, declare:
1n 2anuar, ;th, !;!, /, Br. Zach Coughlin served the -oregoing NOTICE OF
APPEARANCE AS ATTORNEY OF RECORD >, -a?ing and serving u.on registered e-ilers and
de.ositing a true and correct co., in the 3" Bail addressed to:
=+B $1BE$(", E"C
Reno City Attorney's Office - Criminal Divison
P.O. Box 1900 Reno , N !9"0"
P#one N$m%er& ''"(()*0"0
+ax n$m%er& ''"(()*)*0
+ttorne, -or $es.ondent, Cit, o- $eno
Zach Coughlin
+8EN( 15 +==E44+N(
- 4
COUGHLIN
00360
Clerk Accepted: 01-10-2012:09:01:34
Document(s) Submitted: Notice of Appearance
Filed By: ZACHARY COUGHLIN, ESQ.
ZACHARY COUGHLIN, ESQ. for ZACHARY
COUGHLIN
00361
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Reno City Attorney
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NV 89505
Code: 2315
JOHN J. KADLIC
Reno City Attorney
Pamela G. Roberts
Post Office Box 1900
Reno, Nevada 89505
Attorneys for Respondent
ZACHARY BAKER COUGHLIN,
Appellant,
vs.
CITY OF RENO, a municipal
corporation,
Respondent.
1+---------------------------
* * 0 * *
CASE NO.: CRll-2064
DEPT. NO.: 10
/
MOTION TO DISMISS APPEAL
COMES NOW Respondent CITY OF RENO, by and through, Pamela G. Roberts,
Deputy City Attorney, and files its Motion to Dismiss Appeal as follows: This Motion is based
upon the pleadings and documents on file herein, and the following Legal Argument.
LEGAL ARGUMENT
On November 30,2011, the Reno Municipal Court convicted Appellant of Petit Larceny
(RMC 8.l0.040). See Certified Copy of Docket, filed December 23, 2011. Appellant received
a fine in the amount of$360.00. See Certified Copy of Docket. On December 13, 2011
Appellant filed a Notice of Appeal in this matter. See Certified Copy of Docket. Pursuant to
NRS 189.010, the Appellant had 10 days from November 30,2011 to file his Notice of Appeal.
This 10 day rule applies to the Reno Municipal Court. See Root v. City of Las Vegas, 84 Nev
258,439 P2d 219 (1968). There are no exceptions.
-1-
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Reno City Attorney
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NV 89505
Code: 2315
JOHN J. KADLIC
Reno City Attorney
Pamela G. Roberts
Reno, Nevada 89505
Appellant,
vs.
corporation,
Respondent.
1+---------------------------
* * 0 * *
CASE NO.: CRII-2064
DEPT. NO.: 10
/
MOTION TO DISMISS APPEAL
Deputy City Attorney, and files its Motion to Dismiss Appeal as follows: This Motion is based
upon the pleadings and documents on file herein, and the following Legal Argument.
LEGAL ARGUMENT
On November 30,2011, the Reno Municipal Court convicted Appellant of Petit Larceny
(RMC 8.10.040). See Certified Copy of Docket, filed December 23, 2011. Appellant received
a fine in the amount of$360.00. See Certified Copy of Docket. On December 13, 2011
Appellant filed a Notice of Appeal in this matter. See Certified Copy of Docket. Pursuant to
NRS 189.010, the Appellant had 10 days from November 30,2011 to file his Notice of Appeal.
This 10 day rule applies to the Reno Municipal Court. See Root v. City of Las Vegas, 84 Nev
258,439 P2d 219 (1968). There are no exceptions.
-1-
F I L E D
Electronically
01-19-2012:01:37:52 PM
Clerk of the Court
00362
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Reno City Attorney
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NV 89505
CONCLUSION
Based upon the foregoing, Respondent respectfully requests that this Honorable Court
enter an Order dismissing this appeal.
DATED this l q..f1t day of January, 2012.
JOHN J. KADLIC
Reno City Attorney
By:
p ~ J ; ~
PAMELA G. ROBERTS
Nevada State Bar 4041
Reno, Nevada 89505
-2-
00363
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Reno City Attomey
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NV 89505
AFFIRMATION
Pursuant to NRS 239B.030
The undersigned does hereby affirm that the preceding document Motion to Dismiss
(Title of Document)
filed in case number: ______________________
Document does not contain the social security number of any person
-OR-
D
Document contains the social security number of a person as required by:
D
A specific state or federal law, to wit:
(State specific state or federal law)
-OR-
D
For the administration of a public program
-OR-
D
For an application for a federal or state grant
Date:
(Signature)
Pamela G. Roberts
(Print Name)
City of Reno
(Attorney for)
00364
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Reno City Attorney
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NY 89505
Pursuant to NRCP 5(b), I certify that I am an employee of the RENO CITY
ATTORNEY'S OFFICE, and that on this date, I am serving the foregoing document(s) on the
party(s) set forth below by:
Placing an original or true copy thereof in a sealed envelope placed for collection and
mailing in the United States Mail, at Reno, Nevada, postage prepaid, following ordinary
business practices.
D
Personal delivery.
D
Facsimile (FAX).
D
D
addressed as follows:
817 North Virginia St. #2
Reno, NV 89501

DATED this [q: day of January 2012.
Penelope H. o Iter
An Employee of the Reno City Attorney
00365
Clerk Accepted: 01-19-2012:14:45:34
Document(s) Submitted: Mtn to Dismiss
Filed By: PAMELA ROBERTS, ESQ.
ZACHARY COUGHLIN, ESQ. for ZACH
COUGHLIN
00366
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F I L E D
Electronically
01-30-2012:12:18:00 PM
Document Code: 2645 Clerk of the Court
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Nevada Bar No: 4!"
#422 E. th $t. %2
&eno, N' (5#2
)ele: !!5*""(*(##(
+a,: 4*66!*!4-2
ZachCoughlin.hotmail.com
/ttorne0 1or /22ellant
3N )4E $EC5ND 67D3C3/8 D3$)&3C) C57&) 5+ )4E $)/)E 5+ NE'/D/
3N /ND +5& )4E C57N)9 5+ :/$45E
Z/C4 C57;483N< =
=
/22ellant, =
=
vs. = C/$E N5: C&##*2-64
=
C3)9 5+ &EN5 = DE>). N5: #-
=
&es2ondents. =
=
NOTICE TO SET HEARING
C5?E$ N5:, /22ellant Zach Coughlin, @0 and through his attorne0, Zachar0 BarAer
Coughlin, Esq , and 1iles this Notice to $et 4earing @ased u2on:
BN&$ #(.-65 Dismissal 1or 1ailure to set or reset a22eal 1or hearing.
#. /n a22eal must @e dismissed @0 the district court unless 2er1ected @0 a22lication o1 the de1endant, Cithin 6- da0s
a1ter the a22eal is 1iled in the Dustice court, @0 having it set 1or hearing.
2. 31 an a22eal has @een set 1or hearing and the hearing is vacated at the request o1 the a22ellant, the a22eal must @e
dismissed unless a22lication is made @0 the a22ellant to reset the hearing Cithin 6- da0s a1ter the date on Chich the
hearing Cas vacated.
)he undersigned here@0 a22lies 1or an0 such hearing that is required.
&ule #. /22eals 1rom munici2al and Dustice courts.
#. /ll a22eals 1rom the munici2al or Dustice courts in criminal cases shall @e set 1or trial or hearing Cithin 6- da0s o1
the date o1 a22lication 1or setting. / setting @e0ond 6- da0s ma0 @e made onl0 i1 a22roved in Criting @0 the trial Dudge or
- 1
N5)3CE )5 $E) 4E/&3N;
00367
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the chie1 Dudge. 31 a trial setting is continued @0 order o1 the court, the case shall @e reset Cithin 6- da0s o1 the date o1 the
order 1or continuance.
2. 31 multi2le settings 1or a22eal trials in an0 one court de2artment e,ceed the ca2acit0 o1 that de2artment, settings
shall @e made in the designated de2artment scheduled to handle the over1loC. 31 that courtEs calendar @ecomes 1ull,
assignment shall @e made to an0 other availa@le de2artment.
". /22eals in criminal cases shall @e set 1or trial on )hursda0s and +rida0s, unless the trial Dudge
or the chie1 Dudge grants 2ermission to maAe such settings on other Dudicial da0s.B
>8E/$E N5)E 5N )47&$D/9, +EB&7/&9 2ND /) #-:"- /.?. the undersigned Cill a22ear
@e1ore De2artment #-, either in 2erson or tele2honicall0 to $et a 4earing 1or this matter in
com2liance Cith the a@ove authorit0.
AFFIRMATION Pursuant to NRS 239B.030
/lso, this document does not contain an0 social securit0 num@er or other ina22ro2riate material
2ursuant to N&$ 2"B.-"-.
Dated this 6anuar0 "-th, 2-#2
FsF Zach CoughlinGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
N' Bar No. 4!"
#422 E. th $t. %2
&eno, N' (5#2
)ele: !!5*""(*(##(
+a,: 4*66!*!4-2
- 2
N5)3CE )5 $E) 4E/&3N;
00368
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*****************************

PROOF OF SERVICE
3, Zach Coughlin, declare:
5n 6anuar0 "-th, 2-#2, 3, ?r. Zach Coughlin served the 1oregoing document @0 1a,ing and
serving u2on registered e1ilers and de2ositing a true and correct co20 in the 7$ ?ail addressed to:
>/? &5BE&)$, E$H
654N I/D83C, E$H
Reno City Attorney's Office - Criminal Division
P.O. Box 1900 Reno , N !9"0"
P#one N$m%er& ''"(()*0"0
+ax n$m%er& ''"(()*)*0
/ttorne0 1or &es2ondent, Cit0 o1 &eno
Zach Coughlin
/;EN) 5+ />>E88/N)
- 3
N5)3CE )5 $E) 4E/&3N;
00369
Clerk Accepted: 01-30-2012:15:37:49
Document(s) Submitted: Notice to Set
COUGHLIN
00370
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F I L E D
Electronically
01-30-2012:04:48:12 PM
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Nevada Bar No: 4!"
#422 E. th $t. %2
&eno, N' (5#2
)ele: !!5*""(*(##(
+a,: 4*66!*!4-2
3N /ND +5& )4E C57N)9 5+ :/$45E
Z/C4 C57;483N< =
=
/22ellant, =
=
vs. = C/$E N5: C&##*2-64
=
C3)9 5+ &EN5 = DE>). N5: #-
=
&es2ondents. =
=
OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO DISMISS APPEAL
Coughlin, Esq , and o11ers his 522osition to ?otion to Dismiss /22eal. )his 522osition is @ased
u2on the attached >oints and /uthorities and the 2leadings and 2a2ers on 1ile in this case Bthough
the &ecord on /22eal is de1icient in that much o1 it is in the 1orm o1 an illegi@le C1our 2ages 2er
2ageC version o1 Dhat Das 2rovided the &eno ?unici2al Court, Dhereas a Cone 2age 2er 2ageC
version o1 those 2a2ers and 2leadings Dere 2rovided to the &eno ?unici2al Court and in a manner
e,2ressl0 authoriEed @0 the &eno ?unici2al Court.
POINTS AND AUTHORITIES
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00371

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I. STATEMENT OF THE CASE
5n Novem@er "-, 2-##, the &eno ?unici2al Court held a )rial o1 /22ellant 1or the charge o1
>etit 8arcen0 B&?C F(.#-.-4-=. $ee Certi1ied Co20 o1 DocAet, 1iled Decem@er 2", 2-##. )hough
>am &o@erts had agreed in Driting to a continuance 2revious thereto, she decided to change her
mind on the date o1 the )rial, and 6udge 4oDard re1used one an0Da0. 3n 1act, 6udge 4oDard
thought it Das such an urgent matter o1 2u@lic im2ortance to get this 2etit larcen0 charge o1 a
Cchocolate @ar and some cough dro2sC done that he get literall0 an entire De2artment o1 the &eno
?unici2al Court DorAing until 2m at night on Novem@er "-th, 2-##, Dith ever0@od0 collecting
overtime, all courtes0 o1 the 2u@lic 1isc.
/22ellant received a 1ine in the amount o1G"6-.-- and 24 hours o1 communit0 service, @ut
then 6udge 4oDard realiEed he Das mistaAen in his @elie1 that /22ellant had 1ailed to a22ear 1or the
originall0 scheduled Novem@er #4th, 2-## )rial Date. $o 6udge 4oDard e,cised his earlier
requirement that /22ellant @e1ore 24 hours o1 :ashoe Count0 $heri11 DorA 2rogram communit0
service, Dith no e,tensions, @0 Decem@er #(ht, 2-##, des2ite the /22ellant @eing indis2osed
serving three da0s in :ashoe Count0 6ail immediatel0 1olloDing the )rial in this matter 2ursuant to
a 1inding $ummar0 Contem2t 5rder announced @0 6udge 4oDard at the conclusion o1 the
Novem@er "-th, 2-## )rial in this matter, onl0 to return to the 1ull time 2ractice o1 laD u2on the
conclusion o1 the three da0 sentence B/ ?otion 1or $ta0 requested @0 the /22ellant Dhile @eing
handcu11ed and arguing that his clientHs Dould @e undul0 2reIudiced @0 such a $ummar0 Contem2t
1inding= Das curtl0 dismissed @0 6udge 4oDard one sentence into arguing 1or it. $ee Certi1ied Co20
o1 DocAet. 5n Decem@er #", 2-## /22ellant 1iled a Notice o1 /22eal in this matter. $ee Certi1ied
Co20 o1 DocAet. /t the conclusion o1 the )rial in this matter, and on the record and 2art o1 the
o11icial audio recording o1 this matter, 6udge 4oDard announced to the undersigned that he Das
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00372
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giving the undersigned an additional three da0s @e0ond that normall0 a11orded litigants, to 1ile a
Notice o1 /22eal on account o1 6udge 4oDardHs summaril0 sentencing the undersigned attorne0 to
three da0s in Iail 1or Ccontem2t committed in the 2resence o1 the CourtC.
3t is ver0, ver0 odd that the CCerti1ied DocAetC and the C&ecord on /22ealC do not seem to
veri10 the 1iling o1 man0 o1 the 2a2ers and 2leadings 1rom the undersigned in E,hi@it #. )his
manner o1 1iling 2a2ers and 2leadings Das e,2ressl0 authoriEed @0 &?C +iling 511ice $u2ervisor
Donna Ballard.
Another thing that is curious and clearl0 ver0, ver0 Drong is that the C6udgment and 5rder o1
the CourtC that Das allegedl0 1ile stam2ed on Novemer "-th, 2-## B0et lacAs a clerAHs handDritten
intials in the @lanA calling 1or as much= indicates that the undersigned 2led C;uilt0C to the charge.
NoD, hoD a 5 hour )rial could have taAen 2lace Dhen a Cguilt0C 2lea Das entered Band, again, the
undersigned did not ever 2led guilt0 in this case, 1ar 1rom it= is not clear, @ut a lot o1 things arenHt
clear. 4oD could the incredi@l0 im2lausi@le and shaA0 testimon0 and evidence 2ut on here 1or the
accused the1t o1 a@out G#- o1 edi@les Bin a Count0 that has had a@out #5J unem2lo0ment 1or a@out
" 0ears noD, Dith an accused that has received no 1oodstam2s, $ection ( housing, medi*caid, no
nothing....no to mention that the evidence strongl0 shoDs that there Das no the1t in this matter=. $o,
Dhat o1 the Cguilt0C 2lea mentionedK Does that invoAe N&$ #!!.-#5B4=K 5r does it Iust shoD the
slo220 and or 2reIudicial manner in Dhich 'eronica 8o2eE et al do their duties in De2artment 4K
N&$ #!!.-#5B4=: C/22eals to district court and $u2reme Court. )he 2art0 aggrieved in a criminal
action ma0 a22eal onl0 as 1olloDs:. 4. E,ce2t as otherDise 2rovided in su@section " o1 N&$
#!4.-"5, the de1endant in a criminal case shall not a22eal a 1inal Iudgment or verdict resulting 1rom
a 2lea o1 guilt0, guilt0 @ut mentall0 ill or nolo contendere that the de1endant entered into voluntaril0
and Dith a 1ull understanding o1 the nature o1 the charge and the consequences o1 the 2lea, unless the
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00373
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a22eal is @ased u2on reasona@le constitutional, Iurisdictional or other grounds that challenge the
legalit0 o1 the 2roceedings. )he $u2reme Court ma0 esta@lish 2rocedures to require the de1endant to
maAe a 2reliminar0 shoDing o1 the 2ro2riet0 o1 the a22eal. C 4oD is it that this charge, alleging the
consuming o1 a Cchocalate @ar and some cough dro2sC results in a custodial arrest over one da0, a
G"6- 1ine 2lus another G4- 1or Ccourt 2rocessing chargesC, in addition to 24 hours o1 $heri11Hs CDorA
creDC communit0 service, to @e com2leted CDith no e,tensionsC in a matter o1 #5 da0s @0 one Dho
is engaged in the 1ull time @us0 2ractice o1 laD, immediatel0 a1ter that same attorne0 1inishes
serving three da0s in Iail Bno $ta0 granted, no tier time in Iail, no 2hone calls to 2rotect clientHs
a11airs= 1or a $ummar0 Contem2t 5rder in a case Dhere the indigent accused Das denied his $i,th
/mendment &ight )o Counsel, and an0 continuance, not even one, even Dhere a Drong1ul eviction
Dith all sorts o1 attendant 2rocedural and su@stantive errors in &E'2-##*--#!-( undul0 2reIudiced
the accusedHs a@ilit0 to 2ut on a de1ense, 2articularl0 Dhere materials essential to such a de1ense
Dhere @eing Drong1ull0 Dithheld @0 the o22osing counsel in the eviction matter BDhom Das also
Dithholding another attorne0Hs client 1iles and that attorne0Hs drivers license and Dhom the
undersigned canHt 1ind a single attorne0 in toDn Dho has a single good thing to sa0 a@out that
attorne0, his name @eing &ichard ;. 4ill, Esq.=K
II. STATEMENT OF THE FACTS
>lease see EL43B3) 4: Decem@er #2th, 2-## emailed 1iling Bas authoriEed @0 the &?C in
lieu o1 1a,ing= to the &?CHs renomunirecords.reno.gov that should, @ut does not a22ear
a22ro2riatel0 in the record on a22eal, containing Iust the email cover sheets 2roving the attached
2d1Hs Dere received @0 the &?C and there1ore the contents thereo1 should @e a22ro2riatel0 2rinted,
2rovided, and 1iled @0 the &?C to the District Court, rather than the illegi@le C1our 2ages 2er 2ageC
st0le the &?C has 2ut in the &ecord on /22eal. +urther, 2lease see EXHIBIT 2:
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00374

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DECLARATION OF ZACHARY B. COUGHLIN ES!. 1or a someDhat thorough accounting o1
the relevant 1acts here. +urther, it seems a Ctolling motionC Das timel0 1iled her, so in the interest o1
Iudicial econom0 its is liAel0 necessar0 to 1igure out Dhether the Notice o1 /22eal and this &equest
to $et a 4earing Dith the 6- da0s 1rom the 1iling o1 the Notice o1 /22eal here is a22ro2riate or i1 it
Dould @e 1or naught. +urther, 6udge 4oDardHs signature on various 2a2ers and 5rders a22ears to @e
a Cru@@er stam2C mold o1 his signature, Dhich is, 2erha2s, not 2ermissi@le. /dditionall0, on the Cnot
on 2leading 2a2erC C . +urther, the $ummar0 Contem2t 5rder com2letel0 lacAs an >roo1 o1
$ervice, indeed, there is no record o1 an0 service o1 this $ummar0 Contem2t 5rder in the &ecord on
/22eal. /nother thing that is not onl0 interesting, @ut indicative o1 the ad hoc, sla2dash manner in
Dhich convictions are handed out and trials are conducted in 6udge 4oDardHs court room. $uch
convictions can require an attorne0 such as the undersigned to com2l0 Dith $C& ###. 5r entail
1iling an a22eal liAe this one, Dhich Dill not onl0 liAel0 cost the Cit0 o1 &eno quite a @it o1 mone0
during 2articularl0 doDn economic times, @ut Dhich have even more 1ar reaching e11ects u2on a
num@er o1 2eo2le. )he C6udgment o1 Conviction and Court 5rderC Bhave 1un 1iguring out i1 N&C>
5 is a22lica@le to something Dith that title= does not have a >roo1 o1 $ervice, 2er se, @ut there is
something 1or a litigant to sign, usuall0 Dith a @ull0ing ?arshal hulAing over he or she in a
demeaning, authoritarian, and derisive tone....4oDever, the ?arshal Dho initialed B0et 2rovided not
1urther identi10ing in1ormation= this section, Driting in C&E+7$EDC and a time o1 (:2" 2m,
a22arentl0 1iled to later adIust this Ctime o1 serviceC is 0ou can call it that. >erha2s he or she should
have, considering that the C+or )he &ecordC so1tDare the &?C uses and 2rovides litigants
2urchasing the recording o1 the audio o1 a trial indicates that the C6udgment and Court 5rderC in this
matter Das 1inall0 concluded at (:46 2.m. a 1ull tDent0 three minutes /+)E& the time the ?arshal
Drote on the quasi*>roo1 o1 $ervice 1orm o1 (:2" 2.m. BDhere the ?arshal Drote &E+7$ED, Dhich
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00375
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Das a lie, it Das not re1used, and 1urther, the handcu11ed and manhandled undersigned Das not reall0
in much o1 a 2osition to 2revent the 1ive to si, ?arshals there 1rom 1olding u2 such a document and
2utting in the undersigned la2to2 @ag or his 2ocAets, or otherDise 2roviding a co20 o1 the document.
:hat the &?C means @0 C&E+7$EDC is not clear. 'eronica 8o2eE, 6udge 4oDardHs menacing
C6udicial /ssistantC sneered to the undersigned on the 2hone, Dhen he called the 1olloDing ?onda0
seeAing a co20 o1 an0 such documents that the undersigned Chad his chance to get one and @leD itC
and then 8o2eE 2roceeded to taunt the undersigned some more and hang u2 a@ru2tl0 a1ter l0ing that
she Dould 1a, co20 o1 the CdocumentsC su22osedl0 re1used on Novem@er "-th, 2-## to the
undersigned 1a, num@er as listed on the $tate BarHs De@site. )he 1lagrant level o1 @elligerence
demonstrated @0 some man0 o1 the 2ersonnel associated Dith the &?C, 2articularl0 6udge 4oDardHs
De2artment, man0 o1 Dhom are C1ormer 2rosecutorsC or otherDise associated Dith a 2rosecutorial
incu@ation 2eriod reall0 suggests a com2lete lacA o1 oversight and accounta@ilit0 @eing a22lied to
the &?C @0 the Iudiciar0, the 2u@lic, and the 2oDers that @e. )he Novem@er "-th, 2-## C6udgment
o1 Conviction and Court 5rderC BDhich a22ears to @are a ru@@er stam2 mold o1 6udge 4oDardHs
signature, Dhich looAs com2letel0 inauthentic, Cru@@er stam2ishC, overl0 uni1orm, and identical
ever0 time 3 have seen it an0Dhere= (:"":## 2m on Novem@er "-th, 2-## in 6udge 4oDardHs court
room.
+urther, the Cinterrogation roomC video 1rom :al*?art 1iled Dith the &?C on #2M#"M## and
the materials in EL43B3) 5 BDhich includes Discover0 2roduced @0 &eno Cit0 /ttorne0 com2ared
to recei2t o1 C2urchasedC items, @oth 1iled in legi@le 1orm Dith the &?C, 0et not included in legi@le
1orm in the &ecord on /22eal= N5)E: )43$ 3$ )4E &ECE3>) +5& )4E 3)E?$ )4/) :E&E
&7N; 7> /ND +5& :43C4 ?5NE9 :/$ >/3D. :/8*?/&)H$ )45?/$ +&5N)3N5
/ND &$3C 5++3CE& C&/:+5&D 83ED :4EN )4E9 B5)4 )E$)3+3ED )4/) )4E9
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00376
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'E&3+3ED )4/) )4E 7>C +5& )4E CC57;4 D&5>$C 5N )4E &ECE3>) 5N )4E >/;E
/B5'E )43$ 5NE D3D N5) />>E/& 5N )4E &ECE3>) +57ND BE85:=. 45:E'E&,
C8E/&89 )4/) $/?E 7>C />>E/&$ 5N B5)4 &ECE3>)$ B)4E 7>C 3$ -!"22##6"--"=.
+&5N)3N5 E'EN )&3ED )5 )E$)3+9 )4/) 4E :/$ /B8E )5 D3$CE&N +&5?
/>>&5L3?/)E89 5- +EE) /:/9 )4/) 4E C578D )E88 EL/C)89 :4/) 3)E?$
/ND :4/) 7>CH$ :E&E BE3N; &7N; 7> /) )4E &E;3$)E& /ND )4/) 4E :/$
/B8E )5 'E&3+9 )4/) )4E 7>CH$ +5& )4E C57;4 D&5>$ 5N )4E C$)58ENC
&ECE3>)C :E&E N5) +57ND 5N )4E C>7&C4/$EDC &ECE3>). 45:E'E&, C8E/&89,
+&5N)3N5 :/$ :&5N; 5& 893N;, 5& B5)4.
LEGAL ARGUMENT
$o, here is hoD much >am &o@erts, Esq. and 6ohn Nadlic, Esq. thinA o1 this Court, our
Iudicial s0stem, N&C> ##, rules governing 2rosecutorial misconduct :DC& #-, DC& #2, :DC&
#2B#=, &ules o1 >ro1essional Conduct related to re1raining 1rom su@orning 2erIur0, etc., etc. >am
&o@erts, Esq.Hs ?otion to Dismiss consisted o1 Iust thus:
C MOTION TO DISMISS APPEAL
C5?E$ N5: &es2ondent C3)9 5+ &EN5, @0 and through, >amela ;.
&o@erts, De2ut0 Cit0 /ttorne0, and 1iles its ?otion to Dismiss /22eal as 1olloDs:
)his ?otion is @ased u2on the 2leadings and documents on 1ile herein, and the
1olloDing 8egal /rgument.
LEGAL ARGUMENT
5n Novem@er "-, 2-##, the &eno ?unici2al Court convicted /22ellant o1
>etit 8arcen0 B&?C F(.#-.-4-=. $ee Certi1ied Co20 o1 DocAet, 1iled Decem@er
2", 2-##. /22ellant received a 1ine in the amount o1G"6-.--. $ee Certi1ied Co20
o1 DocAet. 5n Decem@er #", 2-## /22ellant 1iled a Notice o1 /22eal in this
matter. $ee Certi1ied Co20 o1 DocAet. >ursuant to N&$ # (.-#-, the /22ellant
had #- da0s 1rom Novem@er "-, 2-## to 1ile his Notice o1 /22eal. )his #- da0
rule a22lies to the &eno ?unici2al Court. $ee &oot v. Cit0 o1 8as 'egas, (4 Nev
25(, 4" >2d 2# B#6(=. )here are no e,ce2tions.
CONCLUSION
Based u2on the 1oregoing, &es2ondent res2ect1ull0 requests that this
4onora@le Court enter an 5rder dismissing this a22eal. D/)ED this #th da0 o1
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00377
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6anuar0, 2-#2, 654N 6. N/D83C &eno Cit0 /ttorne0 B0: >/?E8/ ;.
&5BE&)$ De2ut0 Cit0 /ttorne0C
NoD, 1or the G##2,--- 2er 0ear in com2ensation that De2ut0 &eno Cit0 /ttorne0 >am
&o@erts has averaged over the last several 0ears, one might @e 1orgiven 1or e,2ecting that she could
2rovide some citation to the N&C> that 1orms the @asis 1or her ?otion to Dismiss /22eal. B$ee,
EXHIBIT ": $alar0 in1ormation 1or the 0ears 2-- and 2-#- 1or De2ut0 &eno Cit0 /ttorne0 >am
&o@erts, Esq. 1rom DDD.)rans2arentNevada.com=. 4oDever, &o@erts 1ailed to cite to N&C> #2B@=
at all, much less s2eci10 Dhich section o1 N&C> #2B@= she ma0 @e arguing 1or a Dismissal under.
$o, 2erha2s, &o@erts should @e on trial 1or the1t, as her ?otion certainl0 does not seem to suggest an
honest da0Hs DorA 1or an honest da0Hs 2a0. /s such, &es2ondentHs ?otion must 1ail. Certainl0, the
undersignedHs ?otionHs have 1ailed in other cases @e1ore this Court Dhere he has, allegedl0, 1ailed to
cite to a s2eci1ic 2rocedural rule su22orting the relie1 he requested. )hat is, unless this Court 2re1ers
to hold 2ro se litigants Dho are living at the 2overt0 line to a much higher standard than it holds
government attorne0s Dho are com2ensated e,tremel0 Dell to 2rosecute misdemeanor crimes and
assisted @0 several 1ull time sta11 mem@ers and a generous equi2ment and e,2ense account.
&egardless, &o@erts ?otion to Dismiss 1ails to com2l0 Dith :DC& &ule #2. : C?otions< 2oints and
authorities and decisions. #. E,ce2t as 2rovided in &ule #, all motions shall @e accom2anied @0
#o$nt% &n' &(thor$t$e%.C &o@erts motion contains no authorit0 to su22ort a num@er o1 as2ects o1
her argument.
+urther, the >roo1 o1 $ervice on &o@ertHs motion is addressed to an address 1or the
undersigned that &o@erts should have AnoDn Das no longer current given the 6anuar0 #-, 2-#2
Notice o1 /22earance the undersigned 1iled in this matter Dith his current #422 E. th $t. %2, (5#2
address. /s such, &o@erts motion is im2ro2erl0 notice and should 1ail. +urther, even i1 o22osing
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00378
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counsel &o@erts Dishes to argue the ?otion to Dismiss ma0 have @een served electronicall0 via E*
+le, Bsomething she has not esta@lished or o11ered an0 2roo1 o1=, the >roo1 o1 $ervice she attached to
her ?otion to Dismiss does not indicated her ?otion Das so served electronicall0. /nd its this Aind
o1 slo220, careless, inattention to detail that 2ermeated throughout &o@ertHs 2ractice at )rial in this
matter, Dherein she su@orned the 2erIur0 o1 multi2le Ditnesses 1or her em2lo0er, the Cit0 o1 &eno,
des2ite the 1act that &o@erts hersel1 2ro2ounded to the undersigned video evidence Dhich 2roves the
testimon0 she 2ut on the stand amounted to su@orning 2erIur0.
>lease see the undersignedHs Declaration, under 2enalt0 o1 2erIur0 attached hereto, concerning
the 1olloDing e,cer2t 1rom the end o1 the audio record o1 the Novem@er "-th, 2-## )rial in &?C ##
C& 22#!6, Dhich re2resents a com2letel0 true and accurate transcri2tion Bmade 1rom the CD o1 the
)rial that the undersigned 2urchased 1rom the &?C and taAen 1rom the 1ile named:
CO?C+)&BPQ2-####"-*2-""Q-#cca1145#ed--C < this audio e,cer2t and 2erha2s the entire audio
record Dill liAel0 @e 2rovided to the District Court in the 1orm o1 an attachment to a $u22lemental to
a motion in com2liance Dith the indications given @0 /22eals ClerA 8ori ?atheus and ClerA o1
Court 5rduna 4astings= o1 Dhat Das said in o2en court, on the record, @eginning at (:"":## 2m on
Novem@er "-th, 2-## in 6udge 4oDardHs court room:
C64: alright De are @acA on the record in regard to Cit0 v. Zachar0 Coughlin.
3 Das admittedl0 remiss in not advising ?r. Coughlin o1 his right to a22eal.
:e do Dant to taAe care o1 that noD on the record. ?r. Coughlin, 0ou have
the right to a22eal the decision o1 this Court. 9ou can do so @0 1iling a Notice
o1 /22eal. Customaril0, itHs #- da0s and thats, uh, 3Hm sure 0ou are 1ull0
aDare o1 that...:hat 3 am going to do is grant an e,tension to that statute in
light o1 the 1act that 0ou Dill not @e released 1rom custod0 until Decem@er
"rd, so 0our #- da0s Dill run e11ective Decem@er "rd at ( 2m, so 0ou Dill
have #- da0s 1rom that date to 1ile a Notice o1 /22eal Dith this Court, noD
once 0ou 1ile 0our Notice o1 /22eal there are several things that 0ou Dill have
to do, 2rinci2al among those is to o@tain a co20 o1 the transcri2t at 0our
e,2ense. 5nce the transcri2t has @een 1orDarded to the District Court, there is
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00379
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no )rial de novo, 0ou are 2ro@a@l0 aDare that the District Court Iudge Dill
revieD the 1our corners o1 the transcri2t to determine, one, Dhether this court
has made an0 legal errors that Dould Iusti10 a reversal o1 this matter or
Dhether there is su11icient evidence Dithin the transcri2t to Iusti10 the 1inding
o1 guilt that 3 have made here toda0. 3s there an0 questions at all Dith regard
to the a22eal 2rocessK
ZC: )he availa@ilit0 o1 a $ta0, that 3 guess Dould go more toDards the
1inding o1 Contem2tK 7m, Dhen 0ou sa0 Ca22eal 2rocessC are 0ou re1erring
to...K
64: )he 1iling o1 a22eal in regard to the 2etit the1t.
ZC: Not in regard to the Contem2tK
64: No, thats a summar0 2roceeding and De are going to go 1orDard Dith
that. 5ne thing that 3 Dill sa0 in regard to the 2etit the1t )rial and su@sequent
sentencing, hoDever, its m0 recollection, im2ro2erl0, that 0ou had 1ailed to
a22ear at the 2revious 2roceeding, and thatHs not correct, uh, there Das another
reason as to Dh0 De Dere una@le to 2roceed, so 3 am going to delete the 24
hours o1 communit0 service, the 1ine o1 G"6- Dill stand. /lright, an0 other
questions involving the /22eal 2rocessK
ZC: 9es, to the e,tent m0 laD 2racticeHs clients, that their cases Dill @e
undul0 2reIudiced @0 0our incarcerating me right noD...
64: 3 am standing @0 that and 3 Dish 0ou Dould have thought a@out that a1ter
each admonishment that 3 gave 0ou during the )rial.
ZC: 9ou are saddened @0 that.
64: :e are in recess. C Bcommotion o1 ?arshals can @e heard and the audio
recording o1 the record o1 the )rial ends=.
9ou AnoD Dhat m0 1avorite 2art o1 this isK )hat C1ile stam2C in the &ecord on /22eal 1or that
document, Dhatever it is, Aind o1 a court 2rintout thing in the &?C, Dith a 1iled on date stam2 o1
##M"-M##...Dh0, 3 guess the0 are calling that the C6udgment o1 Conviction and 5rderC...its not on
2leading 2a2er, hmmmn...AnoD Dhat elseK 3ts Iust a@out the onl0 document in the &ecord on
/22eal Dith a 1ile stam2 that doesnHt have a &?C De2ut0 ClerAHs handDritten initialing on it. :h0,
oh Dh0 isnHt there a De2ut0 ClerAHs initials on that 2articular 1ile stam2ingK :h0 is thatK 3snHt that
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00380
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document and Dhen it Das CrenderedC under &?C& the Dhole 2oint o1 >am &o@ertHs ?otion to
Dismiss the /22ealK B&?C& &ule : C/22eals to District Court E,ce2t as otherDise 2rovided in
N&$ #!!.-#5 a de1endant in a criminal action tried @e1ore a ?unici2al Court 6udge ma0 a22eal
1rom the 1inal Iudgment therein to the $econd 6udicial District Court, at an0 time Dithin #- da0s
1rom the date that Iudgment is rendered.C=
/ssuming the &?C doesnHt have to closel0 adhere to the &6C 2ractices and 2rocedures o1 the
6ustice Courts*and it must under N&$ 5.-!" Con1ormit0 o1 2ractice and 2roceedings to those o1
Iustice courts ...=, @ut regardless, >am &o@ertsH motion Dastes ever0@od0Hs time here, as N&C> 6
holds that one doesnHt count the da0 o1 the event in com2uting and that one gets " additional da0s 1or
Dhere no 2ersonall0 service Das e11ectuated, and clearl0 the &?CHs conduct in shoDing 2a2ers in a
manHs 1ace Dhile he is handcu11ed, then snatching and dashing o11 Dith the a22ears a hu11...re1using
to even let the accused AnoD Dhat it is the0 Dant signed and or to alloD to revieD said 2a2ers is
ver0 telling Dith res2ect to the conce2tion o1 some in the &?C o1 the C1undamentals o1 due
2rocessC. $o , even i1 one measured 1rom an oral 2ronouncement 1rom the @ench on ##M"-M##
BDhich is de@ata@le, @ut &o@erts o11ers no legal research into Dhat a Iudgment @eing rendered or
Dhat rendition o1 the Iudgment actuall0 entails or meansK Does it mean reduced to DritingK Does it
mean orall0 2ronouncedK Doe is mean entered into a docAet or im2l0 some requirement 1or Notice
o1 Entr0 o1 the 5rder or 6udgment, Dith a 1ile stam2, 2roo1 o1 service, etc.K an0 time Dithin #- da0s
1rom the time o1 the rendition o1 the Iudgment /lso in the &ecord on /22eal B&5/= the ##M"-M##
$ummar0 Contem2t 5rder lacAs an0 sort o1 >roo1 o1 $ervice, so...has there not @een a 1inal
a22eala@le 5rder in this matter 0etK Do 3 not have to @e a22ro2riatel0 served that Contem2t 5rderK
:here is the 2roo1 o1 such +urther, the Ccerti1ied docAetC does not seem to contain the 1iling emailed
to the address &?CHs D. Ballard a22roved the use o1 on #2M#2M##.
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00381

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N&$ #(.-#- /22eal must @e taAen Dithin #- da0s. E,ce2t as otherDise 2rovided in N&$
#!!.-#5, a de1endant in a criminal action tried @e1ore a Iustice o1 the 2eace ma0 a22eal 1rom the
1inal Iudgment therein to the district court o1 the count0 Dhere the court o1 the Iustice o1 the 2eace
is held, at an0 time Dithin #- da0s 1rom the time o1 the ren'$t$on o) the *('+,ent.
Ruite argua@l0 N&$ #(.-#- is ina22lica@le the the &?C as the &?C does not have Iustices
o1 the 2eace.
N&$ #(.-65 Dismissal 1or 1ailure to set or reset a22eal 1or hearing.
#. /n a22eal must @e dismissed @0 the district court unless 2er1ected @0 a22lication o1 the
de1endant, Dithin 6- da0s a1ter the a22eal is 1iled in the Iustice court, @0 having it set 1or hearing.
2. 31 an a22eal has @een set 1or hearing and the hearing is vacated at the request o1 the a22ellant,
the a22eal must @e dismissed unless a22lication is made @0 the a22ellant to reset the hearing Dithin
6- da0s a1ter the date on Dhich the hearing Das vacated.
&ule #. /22eals 1rom munici2al and Iustice courts.
#. /ll a22eals 1rom the munici2al or Iustice courts in criminal cases shall @e set 1or trial or
hearing Dithin 6- da0s o1 the date o1 a22lication 1or setting. / setting @e0ond 6- da0s ma0 @e made
onl0 i1 a22roved in Driting @0 the trial Iudge or the chie1 Iudge. 31 a trial setting is continued @0 order
o1 the court, the case shall @e reset Dithin 6- da0s o1 the date o1 the order 1or continuance.
2. 31 multi2le settings 1or a22eal trials in an0 one court de2artment e,ceed the ca2acit0 o1 that
de2artment, settings shall @e made in the designated de2artment scheduled to handle the over1loD. 31
that courtSs calendar @ecomes 1ull, assignment shall @e made to an0 other availa@le de2artment.
". /22eals in criminal cases shall @e set 1or trial on )hursda0s and +rida0s, unless the trial Iudge
or the chie1 Iudge grants 2ermission to maAe such settings on other Iudicial da0s.
/ 2ost*Iudgment tolling motion Das timel0 1iled here, argua@l0 on Decem@er #2th, 2-##,
though, i1 not, then certainl0 on Decem@er #"th, 2-##. >lease see E,hi@it 4 attached hereto. /s
such, the time to a22eal 1rom the 1inal Iudgment is TtolledU until a1ter the tolling motions are
resolved. N&/> 4Ba=B4= lists the onl0 motions that are tolling: #. / motion 1or Iudgment as a matter
o1 laD under N&C> 5-B@=< 2. / motion under N&C> 52B@= to amend or maAe additional 1indings o1
1act< ". A ,ot$on (n'er NRCP -. to &/ter or &,en' the *('+,ent0 &n' 1. A ,ot$on )or & ne2
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00382
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tr$&/ (n'er NRCP -.. /ccording to the stated rules, these motions must @e 1iled Dithin #- da0s o1
service o1 the notice o1 entr0 o1 Iudgment to e11ectivel0 toll the time to a22eal the 1inal Iudgment. )he
$u2reme Court has clari1ied that the counting 1or the #- da0s does not include intervening $aturda0s,
$unda0s, or non*Iudicial da0s according to N&C> 6Ba=. :inston >rods. Co., 3nc. v. DeBoer, #22
Nev. 5#!, #"4 >."d !26 B2--6=. /n0 additional time added 1or service is counted @0 calendar da0s
a1ter the initial #- da0s. 3d. 3n addition to tolling the time to 1ile a notice o1 a22eal, a tolling motion
also tolls the time to a22eal 1rom s2ecial orders made a1ter 1inal Iudgment, such as orders aDarding
attorne0 1ees and costs. 3d. 3n the event that 0our tolling motion is not 1iled Dithin the alloDed #-
da0s, 0ou should still 1ile the motion Dith the understanding that the time to a22eal the 1inal Iudgment
is not tolled. 31 the District Court is inclined to grant 0our motion a1ter a notice o1 a22eal has @een
1iled, the District Court does not technicall0 have Iurisdiction to enter an order dealing Dith su@Iect
matter that is 2ending on a22eal, @ut the District Court ma0 recommend its inclination to enter such
an order to the $u2reme Court. ?acA*?anle0 v. ?acA, #22 Nev. !5, #"( >."d 525 B2--6=. )he
$u2reme Court then has the authorit0 to remand the matter to the District Court to enter the order
according to the District CourtHs inclinations. 3d. $o, given that the undersigned has a series o1
legitimate legal arguments to somehoD change the Iudgment, the /22ellant here@0 requests, under
District Court &ule #"B!=, 2ermission to alloD this litigants to 1ile a motion 1or reconsideration u2on
leave o1 court. 5ther local rules, such as Eighth 6udicial District Court &ule 2.24B@= and $econd
6udicial District Court &ule #2B(=, require that a motion 1or reconsideration or rehearing @e 1iled
Dithin #- da0s o1 service o1 notice o1 entr0 o1 Iudgment. /lthough an order granting or den0ing a
motion 1or reconsideration is not itsel1 a22eala@le, the $u2reme Court Dill consider arguments raised
in the motion 1or reconsideration so long as the District Court considers 0our motion on the merits,
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00383
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0our notice o1 a22eal is 1iled a1ter the order dis2osing o1 the motion and the motion and order are
included in the record on a22eal. /rnold v. Ni2, #6( >."d #-5- BNev. 2--!=.
TIMING TO FILE A NOTICE OF APPEAL
)he notice o1 a22eal is a @asic document that does nothing more than 2ut the su2erior Court on
notice o1 Dhich ?unici2al Court orders 0ou @elieve Dere decided incorrectl0. B0 Da0 o1 analog0
to the instant scenario, N&/> 4Ba=B#= requires that a notice o1 a22eal @e 1iled in the District Court
Dithin "- da0s a1ter ser*vice o1 notice o1 entr0 o1 the order 1rom Dhich an a22eal is taAen. 31 a
tolling motion has @een timel0 1iled, N&/> 4Ba=B4= alloDs the notice o1 a22eal to @e 1iled Dithin "-
da0s a1ter service o1 notice o1 entr0 o1 the order dis2osing o1 the 1inal tolling motion. 5neHs a22eal
to the $u2reme Court must @e taAen 1rom an a22eala@le order. N&/> "/B@= lists man0 o1 the
orders that can @e a22ealed. 31 one has not 2ro2erl0 2er1ected oneHs a22eal, occasionall0 the
Iurisdictional de1ect can @e corrected during the 2endenc0 o1 the a22eal, de2ending on the t02e o1
Iurisdictional de1ect. $ustaina@le ;roDth 3nitiative Comm. v. 6um2ers, 88C, #22 Nev. 5", #2(
>."d 452 B2--6=.
udgment is not made 1inal @0 a mere Dritten minute or an oral 2ronouncement @0 a court or
Iudge Dithout the 2re2aration and 1iling o1 a Iournal entr0. Euclid v. ?uller, #"4 5hio /22. "d !"!,
!"2 N.E.2d 4#- B(th Dist. Cu0ahoga Count0 #=. 3n ?agee v 8othro2 B#"= 6- Nev 2-2, 6
>2d 2-#, #-6 >2d !5#, it Das stated that the laD o1 Nevada is settled that the 2eriod o1 time 1or
taAing an a22eal runs 1rom the rendition o1 the decision o1 the court, not 1rom the time o1 the 1iling
o1 the 1ormal 1indings and 1ormal Iudgment. )he rule stated a@ove Das a22lied in Nelson v >aul
B#5#= 6( Nev "65, 2"" >2d (5!, in Dhich the trial Iudge 1irst signed a document entitled C52inion
/nd 5rders 5n Demurrer /nd ?otions )o $triAe,C Dhich, a1ter an e,tensive discussion o1 the legal
2rinci2les involved, 2rovided in 2art as 1olloDs: C+or the reasons given, it is there1ore ordered, that
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00384
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the de1endants 6oe /naca@e and +a@iana /naca@e, his Di1e, @e dismissed and stricAen as 2arties
de1endant herein.C $u@sequentl0 a document entitled C6udgmentC Das signed and 1iled @0 the trial
Iudge. )hat document stated: C)he demurrers o1 the de1endants 6oe /naca@e and +a@iana /naca@e,
his Di1e, having @een sustained @0 order dul0 made on the "rd da0 o1 6ul0, #5-, and said
de1endants having @een dismissed and stricAen as 2arties de1endant herein, Dithout leave to amend
as to said de1endants< noD, on motion o1 said de1endants 6oe /naca@e and +a@iana /naca@e, his
Di1e, 3t is ordered and adIudged that the com2laint herein @e, and the same is here@0, dismissed and
that said de1endants have and recover o1 the 2lainti11 a@ove*named their costs, ta,ed at G2.5-.C
/22eals taAen Dithin 6 months 1rom the 1iling o1 the document entitled C6udgmentC @ut more than
6 months a1ter the 1iling o1 the document entitled C52inion and 5rders, etc.,C Dere dismissed, the
court sa0ing: CB0 the order o1 the trial court the rights o1 the /naca@es Dere 1ull0 determined. No
1urther Iudicial determination remained to @e made. )he 1act that the H6udgmentH s2eci1ied more
clearl0 than did the order the action taAen @0 the court u2on the demurrers does not constitute the
H6udgmentH an e,ercise o1 1urther Iudicial determination in that res2ect. B0 its recitals it 2ur2orts to
relate Dhat had alread0 @een accom2lished @0 the order and does not 2ur2ort to taAe neD and
1urther action. )hat document, then, Das merel0 a more 1ormal statement o1 the Iudgment as it had
alread0 @een rendered.C /n instrument entitled CDecision and 52inion,C Dhich concluded that the
2lainti11s Dere entitled to Iudgment against the de1endants in a s2eci1ied sum o1 mone0 and directed
counsel 1or the 2lainti11s to 2re2are 1indings and 1acts and conclusions o1 laD in con1ormit0 Dith
this o2inion, and not the 1indings and 1ormal Iudgment su@sequentl0 1iled, Das held in 8ind v
&a0nor B#52= 6 Nev #64, 24" >2d !(", to constitute the Iudgment rendition o1 Dhich started the
time 1or a22eal running, and the a22eal, having @een 1iled more than 6 months a1ter the 1iling o1 the
CDecision and 52inion,C Das consequentl0 dismissed. )he court relied on the Dellesta@lished
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00385
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Nevada rule that time 1or a22eal 1rom the Iudgment commences to run 1rom the 2ronouncement @0
the court o1 its determination o1 the matter, Dhich constitutes a rendition o1 the Iudgment, and not
1rom the date o1 the 1iling o1 the 1ormal 1indings o1 1act, conclusions o1 laD, and Iudgment. )he
Nevada rule under Dhich the time 1or taAing an a22eal runs 1rom the rendition o1 the courtHs
decision, and not 1rom the time o1 the su@sequent 1iling o1 the 1ormal 1indings and 1ormal
Iudgment, Das held in Coleman v ?oore B#25= 4 Nev #", 24# > 2#!, to @e a22lica@le in a
situation in Dhich a Iudge, a1ter rendering a Iudgment, died and his successor signed the 1ormal
Iudgment. / statute 2roviding that in case o1 the death o1 a district Iudge a1ter rendition o1 a
decision, the succeeding Iudge should maAe an e,amination o1 the decision, and sign and settle the
1indings, and cause Iudgment to @e entered, Das held not to a11ect the time in Dhich an a22eal
might @e taAen a1ter the rendition o1 Iudgment, @ut merel0 to 2rovide hoD a succeeding Iudge
might 2er1ect a Iudgment rendered @0 a 2redecessor since deceased. )he 1olloDing additional
authorit0 is relevant to the issues discussed in this section: C7?78/)3'E $7>>8E?EN) Cases:
$ee /lasAa Nat. BanA v. 8incA, 55 >.2d #-4 B/lasAa #!!=, F 2-. /22ellate court 2ro2erl0
dismissed a22eal on grounds o1 lacA o1 Iurisdiction Dhere notice o1 a22eal Das 1iled 2rior to
issuance o1 1ormal order, and Dhere there Das no reason Dh0 a22ellant could not have amended
notice o1 a22eal a1ter @ecoming aDare that 1ormer order dis2osing o1 case Das actuall0 1iled< onl0
1inal Iudgments are a22eala@le and 1iling notice o1 a22eal is sole necessar0 Iurisdictional ste2.
$toermer v. Edgar, #-4 3ll. 2d 2(!, (4 3ll. Dec. 44-, 4!2 N.E.2d 4-- B#(4=. 6udgment that resolved
su@stantive issue @e1ore trial court Das a22eala@le, though trial court su@sequentl0 signed a
document denominated CIudgment,C stating its conclusions and reasoning 1or earlier order, that Das
not itsel1 an a22eala@le Iudgment. './.?.$. F 5##.-2-< './.?.&. !4.-2. ?artin v. Director o1
&evenue, 44 $.:."d (22 B?o. Ct. /22. $.D. 2--#=. /22eal @rought more than "- da0s a1ter order
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00386
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Das untimel0, notDithstanding that it Das @rought Dithin "- da0s o1 entr0 o1 Iudgment, Dhere order
a22ealed 1rom Bdismissing 2art0 on 2reliminar0 o@Iections in nature o1 demurrer= Das 1inal
a22eala@le order Dhich need not @e reduced to Iudgment. 7.$. Nat. BanA in 6ohnstoDn v. 6ohnson,
5-6 >a. 622, 4(! /.2d (- B#(5=. /22eal taAen 1rom oral decision o1 trial court Dould @e treated
as i1 it had @een timel0 1iled a1ter entr0 o1 su@sequent 1ormal Iudgment Dhich had @een entered
a1ter case had @een remanded to trial court, notDithstanding 1act that 2lainti11 1ailed to a22eal again
1olloDing entr0 o1 Dritten Iudgment Dhere litigation had @een 2rotracted, and it Das clear 1rom
record that trial courtHs oral decision Das intended to @e its 1inal act regarding case. Beauvais v.
Notre Dame 4os2ital, #2- &.3. 2!#, "(! /.2d 6( B#!(=. /22eal @ased on trial courtHs rendering
o1 Dritten C&easons 1or 6udgmentC 1olloDing granting o1 a22lication 1or neD trial Das 2remature
Dhere e11ect o1 granting neD trial Das to sus2end 2reviousl0 rendered and signed Iudgment, and
Dhere Iudgment 1olloDing neD trial had not @een reduced to Driting and signed @0 Iudge as
required @0 state statute. &ead0 v. $un 5il Co., "#5 $o. 2d (4- B8a. Ct. /22. #st Cir. #!5=.
F #25. )ime o1 rendition or entr0 :estHs Ne0 Num@er Digest :estHs Ne0 Num@er Digest, 6udgment
2(-, 2(# / Iudgment record or docAet should a11ord de1inite and relia@le in1ormation as to the time
o1 the rendition o1 a Iudgment.O#P $ometimes a Iudgment is entered as o1 the date Dhen it Das
signed @0 the IudgeO2P or as o1 the date Dhen the Iudgment Das rendered.O"P O+N#P 4errington v.
4eidel@erg, 244 ?iss. "64, #4# $o. 2d !#! B#62=. O+N2P $tate e, rel. 4ar2 v. 'ander@urgh Circuit
Court, 22! 3nd. "5", (5 N.E.2d 254, ## /.8.&.2d ##-( B#4=. O+N"P ?t. 'ernon*:ood@err0 ?ills
v. 7nion $2rings ;uano Co., 26 /la. /22. #"6, #55 $o. !#- B#"4=<46 /m. 6ur. 2d 6udgments F
#25. /s to determination o1 the time o1 entr0, see F #-(. /s to the time 1or 2er1ecting an a22eal as
com2uted 1rom the time o1 rendition or entr0 o1 Iudgment, see /m. 6ur. 2d, /22ellate &evieD F
22. /22eal o1 guilt0 2lea " &oot v. Cit0 o1 8as 'egas, 454 >.2d (4, (4V, (5 Nev. "26, "26V
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00387
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BNev. ?a0 2!, #6= BN5. 56"-= 4 &oot v. Cit0 o1 8as 'egas, 4" >.2d 2#, 2#V, (4 Nev. 25(,
25(V BNev. /2r -", #6(= BN5. 52((=. &o@erts cites to &oot, as case not reall0 a22lica@le as it
relates to an entirel0 di11erent situation than the case at @ar. &oot concerned the a22eal o1 a guilt0
2lea, not a thoroughl0 o@Iected to and conducted in a sus2ect st0le contested trial.N' $) # D3$)
C) &ule ""< &ule "". /22eals to District Court in criminal matters 1rom 6ustice Court and
?unici2al Court. 4onestl0, the a22roach taAen @0 the +irst 6udicial District Court ma0 @e a more
sound one: &ule "". /22eals to District Court in criminal matters 1rom 6ustice Court and ?unici2al
Court. #. >ursuant to N&$ #(.-#- 1or a22eals 1rom 2roceedings in the 6ustice Court and 2ursuant
to N&$ 266.55 and N&$ 5.-!" 1or a22eals 1rom 2roceedings in the Carson Cit0 ?unici2al Court,
a Notice o1 /22eal in a criminal action tried @e1ore a 6ustice o1 the >eace or the ?unici2al Court
6udge must @e 1iled Dithin #- da0s 1rom the entr0 o1 the Iudgment. 2. /t the time o1 1iling o1 the
Notice o1 /22eal, the a22ellant shall 1ile a request Dith the 6ustice Court or ?unici2al Court that
2roceedings @e transcri@ed. ". >ursuant to N&$ #(.-65 or N&$ 5.-!", the 6ustice Court or
?unici2al Court shall transmit to the ClerA o1 the District Court the transcri2t o1 the case, all other
2a2ers relating to the case and a certi1ied co20 o1 its docAet o1 the case Dithin #- da0s a1ter the
Notice o1 /22eal is 1iled. 4. >ursuant to N&$ #(.-65 or N&$ 5.-!", the a22ellant must 2er1ect his
or her a22eal @0 having the a22eal set 1or hearing @0 the District Court Dithin 6- da0s a1ter the
Notice o1 /22eal is 1iled. 5. )he a22ellant shall 1ile his or her @rie1 Dithin "- da0s a1ter the matter
is set 1or hearing, 2rovided the Dritten transcri2t o1 the 2roceedings has @een 2re2ared and 1iled
Dith the District Court and 2rovided to the 2arties. )he res2ondent shall 1ile his or her o22osing
@rie1 Dithin 2- da0s therea1ter, and an0 re2l0 @rie1 @0 the a22ellant shall @e 1iled Dithin #- da0s
therea1ter. But the :DC& has a rule on the matter too: &ule #. /22eals 1rom munici2al and
Iustice courts. #. /ll a22eals 1rom the munici2al or Iustice courts in criminal cases shall @e set 1or
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00388
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trial or hearing Dithin 6- da0s o1 the date o1 a22lication 1or setting. / setting @e0ond 6- da0s ma0
@e made onl0 i1 a22roved in Driting @0 the trial Iudge or the chie1 Iudge. 31 a trial setting is
continued @0 order o1 the court, the case shall @e reset Dithin 6- da0s o1 the date o1 the order 1or
continuance. 2. 31 multi2le settings 1or a22eal trials in an0 one court de2artment e,ceed the ca2acit0
o1 that de2artment, settings shall @e made in the designated de2artment scheduled to handle the
over1loD. 31 that courtSs calendar @ecomes 1ull, assignment shall @e made to an0 other availa@le
de2artment. ". /22eals in criminal cases shall @e set 1or trial on )hursda0s and +rida0s, unless the
trial Iudge or the chie1 Iudge grants 2ermission to maAe such settings on other Iudicial da0s. 4. 3n
civil a22eals 1rom the Iustice court, a22ellant shall 1ile Dithin "- da0s a1ter the 1iling o1 a notice o1
a22eal a Dritten @rie1 containing a statement o1 the errors committed in the Iustice court Dith
accom2an0ing authorities Dhich shall not e,ceed 5 2ages. :ithin 2- da0s a1ter the 1iling and
service o1 a22ellantSs @rie1, res2ondent shall 1ile a Dritten ansDering @rie1 Dhich shall not e,ceed 5
2ages. 7nder statute 2roviding that an a22eal shall @e dismissed unless 2er1ected @0 de1endant
Dithin 6- da0s a1ter a22eal is 1iled in IusticeHs court @0 having it set 1or trial, de1endant need not
actuall0 o@tain trial setting Dithin 6-*da0 limit, @ut need onl0 a22l0 1or trial setting Dithin that
time< disa22roving >lanAinton v. District Court, " Nev. 64", 5!2 >.2d 525. N.&.$. #(.-65.
)hom2son v. +irst 6udicial Dist. Court, $tore0 Count0, #(4, 6(" >.2d #!, #-- Nev. "52. 7nder
munici2al statutor0 charter 2rovision that a22eals to district court ma0 @e taAen 1rom an0 1inal
Iudgment o1 munici2al court in same manner as in cases o1 a22eal 1rom Iustice court, and statute
relating to a22eals 1rom Iustice court and requiring 2art0 intending to a22eal to 1ile Dith Iustice and
to serve u2on district attorne0, a notice o1 a22eal, 2art0 desiring to a22eal 1rom Iudgment o1
munici2al court su11icientl0 meets requirements Dhen notice o1 a22eal is 1iled Dith munici2al Iudge
and is served u2on cit0 attorne0 Dho conducted 2roceedings in munici2al court. $t.#4, c. #"2, F
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2< N.C.8.#2, FF ##"#-, ##"#". $tate e, rel. Dig@0 v. Eighth 6udicial Dist. Court o1 $tate, in and
1or ClarA Count0, #52, 244 >.2d (66, 6 Nev. #(6.
"", 4! N.E.2d 6( B#(5=. :here de1endant Das tried and convicted, and court im2osed
sentence and rendered Iudgment, @ut Dhere clerA 1ailed to enter Iudgment 2ursuant to rule, Court o1
/22eals lacAed a22ellate Iurisdiction. $tate v. 8ee, 562 $.:.2d !4 B?o. Ct. /22. #!(=.5riginal
unsigned minute @ooA entr0 o1 Iudgment Das not a22eala@le, since it did not meet statutor0
requirement that CrenditionC o1 Iudgment means that it @e reduced to Driting, signed and made a
matter o1 record, or 1iled. Eganto11 v. 4erring, #!! $o. 2d 26- B+la. Dist. Ct. /22. 2d Dist. #65=.
4ere, the undersigned, Coughlin, made numerous attemt2s to see that the C6udgment and Court
5rderC here Das a matter o1 record, and the &?C 1ilign o11ice, all the Da0 u2 to #2M#"M##, indicated
it Das not. 2ro2erl0 dismissed. Cornelius v. )u@@esing, 5!6 $.:.2d !5" B?o. Ct. /22. $.D. #!=.
/22eal Dould @e held in a@e0ance and cause remanded to trial court 1or rendition and entr0 o1 1inal
Iudgment Dhere onl0 indication o1 1inal Iudgment on transcri2t Das docAet entr0, and Dhere docAet
entr0 Das st0led in singular although de1endant had @een charged Dith tDo counts o1 2ossession o1
controlled su@stances. $tate v. ;onterman, 565 $.:.2d (-- B?o. Ct. /22. #!(=.
7nder &ev. 8aDs, F !5#", notice o1 a22eal 1rom a conviction and sentence in IusticeHs court
u2on @oth laD and 1act held su11icient. 6ensen v. District Court o1 $eventh 6udicial Dist., in and 1or
Esmeralda Count0, ##6, #6# >. #62, 4- Nev. #"5.< +urthermore, Iurisdiction cannot @e con1erred
u2on an a22ellate court @0 the consent or sti2ulation o1 the 2arties or WW#2"4 their counsel. 6as2er
v. 6eDAes, 5- Nev. #5", 254 >. 6( B#2!=< 3n &e 4anle0Hs Estate, 2" Cal.2d #2-, #42 >.2d 42"
B#4"=. 4oDever, this authorit0 does not a22l0 here. )his is not a sti2ulation o1 2arties situation,
6udge 4oDard maAes his 6udement and 5rder 1o the Court and he gets to decide Dhen it runs 1rom
and Dhen the 2eriod to 1ile a Notice o1 /22eal is measure 1rom. 4e did so here, and in accordance
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00390
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Dith the the 1iling o1 the Notice o1 /22eal in this matter is timel0. N&$ #(.-"- 2rovides that, X)he
Iustice must, Dithin #- da0s a1ter the notice o1 a22eal is 1iled, transmit to the clerA o1 the district
court all 2a2ers relating to the case and a certi1ied co20 o1 his docAet.SC 4ere, the &?C 1ailed to
transmit an accurate &ecord on /22eal. 3ndeed several 1iling @0 the undersigned are missing
entirel0. )here1ore the underl0ing conviction should @e overturned. N&C> 6-Hs Dra1ters Note 2--4
/mendment mentions that : )he revisions to su@division Bc= are technical Dith the e,ce2tion that
the 6*month limit noD starts to run 1rom service o1 notice o1 entr0 o1 the Iudgment rather than Tthe
date o1 renditionU o1 the Iudgment under the 1ormer rule.C 3t leaves to much u2 to the vagaries o1
Dhat ma0 have @een said in court, Dhat a Iudge might cross out later Bas ha22ened here=, Dhat a
Iudge ma0 realiEe 1ive minutes later Dhen the stresses and 2ride one deals Dith in a courtroom
su@side Bas ma0 have ha22ened here, Dhere 6udge 4oDard, to his credit, admitted he Das mistaAen
in @elieving the undersigned 1ailed to shoD u2 1or the original Novem@er #4, 2-## court date=.
)olling, time 1or a22eal ContractorHs 2ost*Iudgment Tmotion to amend orderU quali1ied as a motion
to alter or amend Iudgment, Dhich tolled the time contractor had to 1ile notice o1 a22eal< the motion
Das in Driting, invoAed rule on amendment o1 Iudgments, asAed to vacate the Iudgment o1
dismissal, and a22ended 2roo1 that the charter, 1or Dant o1 Dhich contractorHs suit Das lost, had
@een restored and urged the district court to consider statute, Dhich 2rovided that reinstatement o1
an administrativel0 revoAed limited lia@ilit0 charter related @acA to the date on Dhich the com2an0
1or1eited its right to transact @usiness as i1 such right had at all times remained in 1ull 1orce and
e11ect< disa22roving /lvis v. $tate, ;aming Control Bd., Nev. #(4, 66- >.2d (-, NardoEEi v.
ClarA Co. $chool Dist., #-( Nev. !, (2" >.2d 2(5, and :hitehead v. Norman Na0e &eal Estate, (-
Nev. "(", "5 >.2d "2. // >rimo Builders, 88C v. :ashington, 2-#-, 245 >."d $o long as a
2ost*Iudgment motion 1or reconsideration is in Driting, timel0 1iled, states its grounds Dith
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00391
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2articularit0, and requests a su@stantive alteration o1 the Iudgment, not merel0 the correction o1 a
clerical error, or relie1 o1 a t02e Dholl0 collateral to the Iudgment, there is no reason to den0 it
status as a motion to alter or amend Iudgment, Dhich tolls the time in Dhich a 2art0 has to 1ile
notice o1 a22eal< disa22roving /lvis v. $tate, ;aming Control Bd., Nev. #(4, 66- >.2d (-,
NardoEEi v. ClarA Co. $chool Dist., #-( Nev. !, (2" >.2d 2(5, and :hitehead v. Norman Na0e
&eal Estate, (- Nev. "(", "5 >.2d "2. // >rimo Builders, 88C v. :ashington, 2-#-, 245 >."d
##-. )he undersigned, Coughlin, 1iled tolling motions in this case, there1ore tolling should @e
1ound. >etitionerHs 2ostIudgment motions to amend or maAe additional 1indings o1 1act or to alter or
amend the Iudgment den0ing his 2etition to seal court records Dere Ttolling motions,U and thus,
2etitionerHs notice o1 a22eal 1iled @e1ore trial courtHs dis2osition o1 such motions Das 1iled too earl0
to vest Iurisdiction in the a22ellate court. 3n re Duong, 2--2, 5 >."d #2#-, ##( Nev. 2-. / notice
o1 a22eal 1iled a1ter the timel0 1iling o1 a 2ost*Iudgment tolling motion, @ut @e1ore the 1ormal
dis2osition o1 the motion, is ine11ective and 1ails to vest Iurisdiction in the a22ellate court. ?oran v.
Bonneville $quare /ssociates, 2--#, 25 >."d ((, ##! Nev. 525. )imel0 motion 1or neD trial is a
tolling motion 1or 2ur2oses o1 rule 2roviding that notice o1 a22eal 1iled @e1ore 1ormal dis2osition o1
an0 timel0 2ostIudgment motion shall have no e11ect. &ules Civ.>roc., &ule 5Ba=< &ules
/22.>roc., &ule 4Ba=B2=. Cha2man 3ndustries v. 7nited 3ns. Co. o1 /merica, #4, (!4 >.2d !",
##- Nev. 454. )imel0 motions 1or amendment o1 trial courtHs 1indings, amendment o1 the Iudgment
and neD trial tolled running o1 a22eal 2eriod and rendered ine11ective all notices o1 a22eal Dhich
Dere 1iled @e1ore 1ormal dis2osition o1 the timel0 2ostIudgment motions and thus, trial court erred
in concluding that it lacAed Iurisdiction to entertain the timel0 tolling motions. &ules Civ.>roc.,
&ules 52B@=, 5Ba, e=< &ules /22.>roc., &ule 4Ba=B2=. Cha2man 3ndustries v. 7nited 3ns. Co. o1
/merica, #4, (!4 >.2d !", ##- Nev. 454. $o, ever0thing in this case is a total mess i1 one
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00392
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considers that the Decem@er #"th, 2-## 1iling @0 the undersigned Das @oth a Notice o1 /22eal and
a tolling motion and then 6udge 4oDard entered an 5rder that ma0 have dis2osed o1 it, @ut he ma0
have entered it so soon a1ter getting it that it suggests and e,treme 2reIudice on his 2art, Dhere the
&eno Cit0 /ttorne0 argua@l0 did not even have an o22ortunit0 to res2ond @e1ore 6udge 4oDard
teeHd o11 on it....then its Dhether the su@squent C$u22lementalC 2leadings @ene1it 1rom a Crelation
@acAC doctrine or Dhether tolling a22lies and Dhether the original or an0 su@sequent Notices o1
/22eal Dere time, 2remature, or even e11ective. NoD m0 head has e,2loded. /nd even i1 6udge
4oDards #2M#5M## 5rder dis2osed o1 the tolling motion, :ell, on #2M#6M## Coughlin 1iled another
Notice o1 /22eal, so this thing argua@l0 ought to go 1orDard, sorr0 ?s. &o@erts, going to have to
earn some o1 the G##2,--- a 0ear in 0our 2ursuit o1 ruining m0 li1e Balright, thatHs dramatic and
lacAs 2ers2ective= 1or the 2rice o1 a cand0@ar Dhile 0ou su@orn the 2erIur0 o1 a trio o1 testosterone
addled mid 2- something AnucAlheads high 1iving each other in the interrogation room video 0ou
2ro2ounded and out in the hallDa0s at trial until 2m at night....@ut its not liAe the &$3C 2olice and
:al*?art, Dhich lease the 2ro2ert0 its located on 1rom those Dho oDn and run the &$3C have a
con1lict o1 interest or an0thing, rightK >lus, no one ever asAed me or ascertained Dhether 3 have
an0 tri@al @lood, so this Iudgment ma0 @e void 1or lacA o1 Iurisdiction as, should that @e the case,
Iursidication is a22ro2riate @e1ore 6udge 'an :alraven, not 6udge 4oDard.
CONCLUSION
&egardless, the C6udgmentC or C5rderC here Das not a22ro2riatel0 served on the undersigned
on Novem@er "-th, 2-##. +urther, the undersigned made man0, man0 calls and Dritten attem2ts
and tri2s to the &?C to o@tain a co20 o1 the Contem2t 5rder, the ;uilt0 6udgment, and the audio
recording o1 the )rial and all Dere either not granted, not 2rovided, or 2rovided in such a dela0ed
manner as to create an undul0 2reIudicial situation adversel0 e11ecting the undersigneds rights
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00393
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su11icient to im2ermissi@l0 com2romise 1undamentals notions o1 1airness and due 2rocess.
+urther, the 5rder is CrenderedC Dhen 6udge 4oDard sa0s it is CrenderedC, and 6udge 4oDard
clearl0 indicated, on the record, as demonstrated in the audio record, Dhich Dill @e availa@le to the
District Court ultimatel0, the #- da0 deadline 1or 1iling a Notice o1 /22eal Dould not @egin running
until a1ter the " da0 $ummar0 Contem2t 5rderHs three da0 Iail sentence concluded. Damn, this
stu11 is com2licated. $ure it nice to see the government goign hard as a mother to 2rotect lil olH
:al*?art Dhom is rumored to @e the su@Iect o1 a documentar0 a@out hoD the0 have a intricate
s0stem o1 Deasling out o1 their C&eturn >olic0C and retaliating against those Dho call them on it.
AFFIRMATION P(r%(&nt to NRS 2".B.3"3
Dated this 6anuar0 "-th, 2-#2
MsM Zach CoughlinQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
N' Bar No. 4!"
#422 E. th $t. %2
&eno, N' (5#2
)ele: !!5*""(*(##(
+a,: 4*66!*!4-2
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00394
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*****************************

PROOF OF SER4ICE
5n 6anuar0 "-th, 2-#2, 3, ?r. Zach Coughlin served the 1oregoing document @0 1a,ing and
>/? &5BE&)$, E$R
654N N/D83C, E$R
P.O. Box 1900 Reno , N !9"0"
P#one N$m%er& ''"(()*0"0
+ax n$m%er& ''"(()*)*0
Zach Coughlin
/;EN) 5+ />>E88/N)
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00395
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INDEX TO EXHIBITS
5. EXHIBIT 5: COLLECTION OF EMAILED CORRESPONDENCE AND FILING 6ITH
THE RENO MUNICIPAL COURT 7RMC80 One h(n're' &n' )$)t9 one 75-58 #&+e%.
2. EXHIBIT 2: DECLARATION OF ZACHARY B. COUGHLIN ES!.0 E/e:en 7558 #&+e%.
". EXHIBIT ": S&/&r9 $n)or,&t$on )or the 9e&r% 233. &n' 2353 )or De#(t9 Reno C$t9 Attorne9
P&, Ro;ert% E%<. )ro, 222.Tr&n%#&rentNe:&'&.=o,0 One 758 #&+e.
1. EXHIBIT 1: De=e,;er 52th 2355 e,&$/e' )$/$n+ 7&% &(thor$>e' ;9 the RMC $n /$e( o)
)&?$n+8 to the RMC@% reno,(n$re=or'%Areno.+o: th&t %ho(/' ;(t 'oe% not &##e&r
&##ro#r$&te/9 $n the re=or' on &##e&/ =ont&$n$n+ *(%t the e,&$/ =o:er %heet% #ro:$n+ the
&tt&=he' #')@% 2ere re=e$:e' ;9 the RMC &n' there)ore the =ontent% thereo) %ho(/' ;e
&##ro#r$&te/9 #r$nte' #ro:$'e' &n' )$/e' ;9 the RMC to the D$%tr$=t Co(rt r&ther th&n the
$//e+$;/e B)o(r #&+e% #er #&+eB %t9/e the RMC h&% #(t $n the Re=or' on A##e&/0 F$:e 7-8 #&+e%.
-. EXHIBIT -: D$%=o:er9 #ro'(=e' ;9 Reno C$t9 Attorne9 =o,#&re' to re=e$#t o)
B#(r=h&%e'B $te,% ;oth )$/e' $n /e+$;/e )or, 2$th the RMC 9et not $n/('e' $n /e+$;/e )or, $n
the Re=or' on A##e&/0 E$+ht 7C8 #&+e%.
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00396
F I L E D
Electronically
01-30-2012:04:48:12 PM
Clerk of the Court
EXHIBIT #1
EXHIBIT #1
00397
1 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM
Hotmail Print Message http://by148w.bay148.mail.live.com/mail/PrintMessages.aspx?cpids=4b...
records request for incident report urgent please
Sent: Tue 10/04/11 3:10 PM
To: renomunirecords@reno.gov
1 attachment
records request to reno city attorneys office oct 4.pdf (66.5 KB)
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
contents of this information is strictly prohibited.
00398
2 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE
This message is confidential, intended only for the named recipient(s) and may contain information that is
privileged, work product or exempt from disclosure under applicable law. If you are not the intended recipient(s),
you are notified that any disclosure, copying, distribution or any action taken or omitted to be taken in reliance on
the contents of this information is prohibited and may be unlawful. If you receive this message in error, or are not
the named recipient(s), please notify the sender, delete this e-mail from your computer, and destroy any copies in
any form immediately. Receipt by anyone other than the named recipient(s) is not a waiver of any attorney-client,
work product, or other applicable privilege.
records request
Sent: Tue 10/04/11 4:41 PM
2 attachments
RMC subpoena.pdf (67.8 KB) , RECORD_REQUEST_Zach Coughlin to RMC.pdf (20.2 KB)
00399
3 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin
U.S.C. 2510-2521, and may contain confidential information intended for the specified individual (s) only. If you are not the
intended recipient or an agent responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that you have
received this document in error and that any review, dissemination, copying, or the taking of any action based on the contents
of this information is strictly prohibited.
00400
4 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

Reno Municipal Court appointment of counsel
Sent: Mon 11/28/11 11:42 AM
To: ltaitel@sbcglobal.net; renomunirecords@reno.gov
Dear Mr. Taitel,
I understand you have been assigned to represent me in the Reno Municipal Court trespass Complaint against
me. Please note that my address has recently changed to:
Zach Coughlin
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
I have recently been evicted and it has caused enormous upheaval to my life, and I am indigent, as such, I believe a
continuance is necessary and ask that you seek one for the December 13th, 2011 "trial" that I only became aware of through
calling the Reno Municipal Court. Also, please provide me a copy of any motions or pleadings you have filed on my behalf
and any documentation that you have been provided by the court, opposing counsel, or anyone else. I prefer such
documentation be emailed, but I realize that may not be possible. I would like to obtain a copy of the Complaint and
Discovery, including the probable cause sheets and any witness statements as soon as possible.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin
00401
5 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

privilege.
records request
Sent: Mon 11/28/11 2:30 PM
1 attachment
RECORD_REQUEST_FORM_2010[1] rmc trespass 11 13 11 records request 11-22185.pdf (20.8 KB)
Zach Coughlin, 817 N. Virginia St. #2
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
00402
6 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

Sent: Tue 11/29/11 3:14 PM
1 attachment
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
Date: Tue, 22 Nov 2011 17:22:45 -0800
00403
7 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

Zach Coughlin,
request of cd of trial in 11 CR 22176 2I
Sent: Thu 12/08/11 4:00 PM
Hello, I am writing to request a copy of the cd of the record of trial in 11 CR 22176 2I in addition to a copy of the Contempt
Order and any other orders made in that matter, in addition to a copy of the docket.
Please email these to me if possible. I will agree to pay the copying costs or the paper documents or the audio cd/dvd. I
need these as soon as possible please.
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
fax: 949 667 7402
00404
8 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM
privilege.
REQUEST FOR RECORDS CD/DVD OF TRIAL AND OTHER
DOCUMENTATION URGENT PLEASE
Sent: Thu 12/08/11 5:45 PM
1 attachment
RECORD_REQUEST_FORM_2010[1] trial cd and orders to RMC 12 8 11 final.pdf (441.5 KB)

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
00405
9 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

privilege.
signed REQUEST FOR RECORDS CD/DVD OF TRIAL AND OTHER
DOCUMENTATION URGENT PLEASE
Sent: Thu 12/08/11 5:56 PM
1 attachment
RECORD_REQUEST_FORM_2010[1] trial cd and orders to RMC 12 8 11 signed.pdf (446.2 KB)
I am resending the Records and REcording of Trial request form, SIGNED, just in case that is necessary.
Thank You,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
00406
10 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM
privilege.

Subject: REQUEST FOR RECORDS CD/DVD OF TRIAL AND OTHER DOCUMENTATION URGENT PLEASE
Date: Thu, 8 Dec 2011 17:45:27 -0800

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
00407
11 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

privilege.
RMC said I could file this by email
Sent: Mon 12/12/11 7:28 PM
1 attachment
12 11 11 final motion for new trial city of reno v coughlin RMC 11 CR 22176.pdf (12.9 MB)
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 8950
fax: 949 667 7402
00408
12 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

privilege.
Motion for New Trial Etc. in RMC 11 CR 22176
Sent: Mon 12/12/11 7:40 PM
To: fiskm@reno.gov; renomunirecords@reno.gov
1 attachment
RMC 11 CR 2217 part two Exhibit 1 pages 1-300 of Motion for New trail from 12 12 2011.pdf (8.6 MB)
I received approval to file by email from RMC
This is the second file in the filing. Please note, the file name of the attachment should actually have the correct
case number of RMC CR 22176. It is missing the 6 on the end in the file name of the attachment
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
00409
13 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

privilege.
Sent: Mon 12/12/11 7:57 PM
1 attachment
RMC 11 CR 22176 part three Exhibit 1 pages 301-600 of Motion for New trail from 12 12 2011.pdf (9.7
MB)
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
RMC 11 CR 22176 part four Exhibit 1 pages 601-701 of Motion for New
trail from 12 12 2011 ey
00410
14 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

Sent: Mon 12/12/11 8:23 PM
1 attachment
RMC 11 CR 22176 part four Exhibit 1 pages 601-701 of Motion for New trail from 12 12 2011 ey.pdf
(11.8 MB)
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
Sent: Mon 12/12/11 8:29 PM
1 attachment
(14.4 MB)
00411
15 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
Subject: Motion for New Trial Etc. in RMC 11 CR 22176
Date: Mon, 12 Dec 2011 19:57:50 -0800
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
00412
16 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

privilege.
audio of the November 30th Trial in Judge Howards court
Sent: Mon 12/12/11 9:56 PM
https://skydrive.live.com/redir.aspx?cid=43084638f32f5f28&resid=43084638F32F5F28!1031&parid=root
Maybe that will be easier, that is where the exculpatory video evidence is sent to you as well, a continuation of
exhibit one. I appreciate the RMC allowing me to file via email this way as sometimes my fax service is clunky.
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
00413
17 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

privilege.
Sent: Tue 12/13/11 2:26 PM
1 attachment
(11.8 MB)
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
records request
00414
18 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM
Sent: Tue 12/13/11 4:02 PM
To: renomunirecords@reno.gov; fiskm@reno.gov
2 attachments
RECORD_REQUEST_FORM walmart RMC 11 CR 22176 IC 110627 trial cd and orders to RMC 12 8 11
signed.pdf (453.4 KB) , RECORD_REQUEST_FORM_2010[1] rmc trespass 11 13 11 records request 11 CR
22185 City of Reno v Coughlin signed.pdf (510.9 KB)
Let this writing also werve as the cover letter called for in RMCR 5(D):
attorney's name,: Zach Coughlin, Esq.
the firms name: Zach Coughlin, Esq.
address, 817 N. Virginia St. #2
fax number 949 667 7402
telephone number: 775 229 6737
the attorneys state bar number: NV Bar No: 9473
00415
19 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

12 11 11 Defendants Motion for New Trial, Set Aside, Vacate Judgment/Conviction of underlying crime and
Contempt in Court's Presence finding/ IFP Petition/ Motion for Reconsideration/Notice of Appeal, Case Statment
in case: city of reno v coughlin RMC 11 CR 22176; Records Request form Defendant and Request for
Transcription at Public's Expense and Request for a copy of the audio recording of the Trial of 11 30, 2011 1:45
pm to end in RMC 11 CR 22176.
Additionally, I never received service of any Notice of Appearance nor a Motion to Withdraw by Lew Taitel, Esq.
the attorney appointed to represent me as required by RMCR Rule 3: Authorization to Represent
A. Attorneys representing defendants shall promptly serve written notice of
their appearance with the City Attorney and file the same with the Court.
B. An attorney desiring to withdraw from a case shall file a motion with the
court and serve the City Attorney with the same. The court may rule on
the motion or set a hearing."
Further, RMCR state: "Rule 5: Motions by Facsimile
A. All rules and procedures that apply to motions filed in person at the
court shall also apply to motions filed by facsimile, except as otherwise
specified in this rule.
B. All persons are eligible to use motion-by-facsimile procedures.
C. All motions filed by facsimile must be accompanied by a cover sheet
which must include the persons name, address, fax number and
telephone number.
D. All facsimile motions filed by an attorney must include the attorney's
name, the firms name, address, fax number and telephone number. In
addition, the attorneys state bar number must be conspicuously
displayed on the cover sheet.
E. All motions filed by facsimile must be accompanied by proof of service.
Service may be accomplished by facsimile when the receiving party is a
governmental agency, an attorney, or with the consent of the receiving
party. If service of the motion is accomplished by facsimile the 3-day
allowance for mailing shall not be computed into the time for response.
F. A defense attorney filing a motion in the first instance must also file a
proper authorization to represent.
G. Any motion received by the court after 4:30 p.m. or on a non-court day
shall be filed on the following court day.
No continuance shall be granted, including a stipulated continuance, except
for good cause. A motion or stipulation for continuance must state the reason
therefore and whether or not any continuance has previously been sought or
granted."
00416
20 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

fax number 949 667 7402
And: "Rule 9: Appeals to District Court
Except as otherwise provided in NRS 177.015 a defendant in a criminal action
tried before a Municipal Court Judge may appeal from the final judgment
therein to the Second Judicial District Court, at any time within 10 days from
the date that judgment is rendered."
Judge Howard informed me during his oral pronounce of his Contempt Order and Guilty Verdict on 11 30,2011
that he would afford me an additional 3 non judicial days to file a Notice of Appeal or any other Motion, Request
for Reconsideration, or other Motion seeking relief from his 11 30 2011 rulings on account of his sua sponte, with
no possibility of Stay or prior judicial review ordering his Marshalls to slam be into handcuffs and throw me into
Jail, kind of like in Houston v. 8th Judicial District Court, escept Judge Howard didn't cool down like Judge
Pomeranz did and Houston wasn't defending a criminal charge that carred a possibility of incarceration of
substantial length after being denied his 6th Amendment Right to Counsel. I am formally complaining about
Judge Howard;s conduct in that regard, please place a copy of this in his personnel file and let me know whether
you think a Complaint to the Judicial Discipline Commission would be appropriate, in your professional opinion.
I filed my Notice of Appeal in 11 cr 22176 yesterday with the RMC via email, as previously given permission to do
by the RMC. To the extent that was ineffective, let this writing act as a Notice of Appeal and agreement to pay
all charges required for such.
PROOF OF SERVICE:
I emailed a copy of this to Pam Roberts for the Plaintiff City of Reno on this date, a true and correct copy and
further email her a copy of all the 12 11 11 MOtion for New Trial, etc. yesterday to:
Pamela G Roberts
Company: Reno City Attorney's Office - Criminal Divison
Address: P.O. Box 1900
Reno
, NV
89505
Fax number: 775-334-2420
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
fax: 949 667 7402
00417
21 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

privilege.
IFP/ FINANCIAL INQUIRY APPLICATION
Sent: Wed 12/14/11 12:22 AM
To: ballardd@reno.gov; renomunirecords@reno.gov
2 attachments
Coughlin IFP and Financial Inquiry Application RMC 11222011 11 CR 26405 2I.pdf (381.9 KB) , Coughlin
IFP and Financial Inquiry Application RMC 11222011 11 CR 22176 2I.pdf (372.0 KB)
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
Ms. Ballard,
Please note, the gentleman I worked with at the filing office counter today informed me there were no
appeal fees, bonds, or other charges that I could pay (including transcription costs) as "all charges are
00418

22 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

being taken from" my bail in the respective matters. Please email me the audio from the November
20th,2011 Trial in 11 cr 22176 2I and proof of service of any Contempt Order or Guilty Verdict/Order
in that matter. Please file this as well as a Opposition to Any Motion to Continue Trial in 11 cr 26405,
dept 2, and a Motion to Set Aside or Vacate any Order Granting Continuance in response to such an
Order Granting Continuance. Please email, fax, or mail me a copy of the Notice of Appearances by
both Taitel and Puentes and the Motion and Order Granting Withdrawal of Taitel, if it exists. I would
like a copy of the docket in both 11 CR 26405 2I and 11 CR 22176, despite your informing me today
that I would need to subpoena the docket to have any chance of seeing it and that I would not be
provided access to documents in the public record, including Orders in both of these cases.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin
privilege.
RE: Message left on 12/13/2011
Sent: Wed 12/14/11 6:52 PM
To: roperj@reno.gov; fiskg@reno.gov; ballardd@reno.gov; renomunirecords@reno.gov
00419
23 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM
me a copy of his file. 1 would like one, or a copy of any complaints against
any Marshals, but 1 realize a subpoena would likely be required to have any
chance at that. Negligent Training, Hiring, Supervision.
1 never received a copy of the Contempt Finding and Guilty
Verdict/Judgment/ORder or whatever from the 11 30, 2011 Trial before Judge
Howard in 11 CR22176 21, though "Veronica" (no one will tell me her last
name, but she works closely with the RMC Judges) said the only "service" of
those Orders that was ever attempted on me occured while 1 was handcuffed,
after which point some Marshalls (I did not catch their names and they
manhandled me roughly into handcuffs, refusing to even let me save my
notes on my laptop at the sudden conclusion of Judge Howards Order and
Contempt finding. This is truly reprehensible to not even let me save my
damn notes and act like 1 was some perp who just knocked of a god damn
liquor store with a fIrearm. Some people need to get a grip inside. Please
place a copy of this written complaint against whatever Marshals were
involved in that in their employment/personnel files as well. Please provide
me a copy of any complaints you have received against any Marshals.
1 would like a copy of the 11 30,2011 Order and the audio of the Trial. 1
believe you have a duty to fmd out what those Marshals did with this
document that "Veronica" alleges they attempted to serve on me, though,
even 14 days after the Trial, the "docket" in the RMC filing office still
contains no Order, no mention of an Order, and certainly no Proof of Service
of anything of the sort, nor have they responded to any of my documentation
requests or a request of the audio of the Trial of 11 30,2011, despite an
exigent need for such to prepare Relief from Judgment Motions that have
deadlines of 10-20 days from "service" of the "Order", and who knows how
that will be measure. Why it was necessary to cost the public a bunch of
overtime pay for the 5 or so Marshalls, and who knows how many court staff
to stay until nearly 9pm on 11 30,2011 to complete this "Trial", and how it
was such a damn emergency, especially where Richard Hill was able to get a
continuance because he was going to be on vacation in the trespass case
against me 11 CR 22185 21, despite the fact that Lew Taitel never receive my
consent to such a Motion for Continuance, and further Taitel was arguably
conflicted out of representing me considering his "association" with Nevada
Court Services and the torts the committed against me, which resulted in a

00420
24 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM
lawsuit being filed against them, or at least an IPF Petition and Proposed
Complaint in District Court, prior to Taitel's appointment and representation.
If the RMC can afford all that damn overtime for everyone, why couldn't it
appoint me a defense attorney in RMC 11 CR 22176, especially where Judge
Howard ruled, not 20 minutes into Trial that he was finding me in Contempt
of Court and would decide the sentence (which obviously included a
possibility of incarceration) at the conclusion of the Trial?
Further M. Mentzel clearly bumped Donna Ballard out of the way in his zeal
to establish dominance of me, a person who was providing absolutely no
resistance at the time. Mentzel went on to start order me to leave the
premises after my conversation with Ballard and the file clerk was done.
Duh, Mentzel, it was 5:00 pm or so "closing time" what do you think I am
going to do, hang out and chill with you guys? Look at the Notice of Hearing
or Docket in RMC 11 CR22176 21 (I am also hereby requesting a copy of
the audio or video of the hearing from the RMC) and the hand written
interlineations I made on the document M. Mentzel provided me in court on
10 11,2011, where I mention the problems associated with asking questions
about my Sixth Amendment Right to Counsel where only the possibility of
jail time exists. I asked Mentzel at that time a question about the process and
he got very angry, threatening, and insulting with me, then later, criticized my
appearance before Judge Gardner, I believe he said I was "sarcastic" and or
rude to the Judge in the same way I had been to Mentzel himself. I submit
that citizens trying to access justice should not be taken as a personal affront
to RMC employees like Mentzel, and that he needs to strongly consider how
he comes across to the public when he acts the way he does, and carries a
firearm, color of law, a badge, and apparently, the blessing of the RMC in
carrying out behavior that seems more fitting for a nightclub bouncer than a
Marshal. Further, the video played at arraignments is overly hostile and
threatening in my opinion, especially the parts where Judge Gardner makes
statements on the "extremely" poor choice it would be to represent one's self
pro se and all these tones and words used that make it sound like pro se
defendants will be punished for not either copping a plea or going with one
of the "four former prosecutors" who are now drawing a paycheck from the
RMC/Citizenry to fulfill the Sixth Amendment. I am something completely
other than impressed with the work done by Lew Taitel, Esq. for me in RMC
11 CR 22185 21, in that regard. Why shouldn't defendants in the RMC, after
viewing the arraignment video and receiving representation like that which I
00421
25 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM
received from Taitel, feel like lambs being led to slaughter? Baah,
baaaaaaaaah! Two other Marshals were there yesterday when Mentzel was
berating me, I would like their names, please.
Now, just awhile ago, "RMC Court Transcriptionist Pam Longoni" called me
on the phone ("while driving" according to Ms. Longoni) and informed me
that the RMC must permit her access to the audio files, and that, while she is
linked into "their system" (meaning the RMC's), the RMC must take some
additional step to allow Ms. Longoni to access the audio files and continue
with the process of tending ot a request for a Transcript on Appeal. I was
told by a female RMC counter clerk that 1 would not ever be provided a copy
of the audio recording of the 11 30,2011 Trial, but that 1 may purchase from
Ms. Longoni an official transcript, and that "appeal transcripts are billed at
$4.10 per page" etc. and that a substantial deposit would be required, and that
"No Transcript is considered to be official ordered, and commencement of
transcription will not begin, until receipt of the required deposit. .. " I asked
Ms. Longoni to inform me of everything I must do or pay to have the
transcript deemd officialy ordered and she informed me that she could not tell
me that, despite the apparent hard and fast deadlines applied to ordering,
officially, such a transcript, with the RMC in an Appeal context, until the
RMC allowed Ms. Longoni to access the RMC "system" and viewlhear the
audio of the 11 30,2011 Trial in 11 CR22176 21. Ms. Longoni angrily hung
up the phone on me and is now not returning my calls and has failed to
respond to my request that she inform me, in writing, as to where to send
money or a deposit or anything else required for the transcript. I have yet to
receive a fax from the RMC's "Veronica" (whose last name has repeatedly
been denied to me) despite her angry assurances on the phone on 12 12,2011
that she would finally hae the RMC attempt to appropriately (or almost
appropriately) serve me a copy of the Contempt Finding and Guilty Order
stemming from the 11 30, 2011 Trial in RMC 11 CR 2217621. Please have
this request and communication reiterated to whoever it concerns at the
RMC, and have such a copy of those documents emailed, faxed, and mailed
in the US Postal Service mail immediately. Further, please do the same with
respect to the audio of the 11 30,2011 Trial in RMC 11 CR 2217621, and of
course I will pay a reasonable cost for the cd to the extent my IFP is not
granted. The RJC and Washoe District Court charge about $30 per cd. The
also provide copies of the dockets in cases without demanding a subpoena

00422
26 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM
force them to fIrst. Please ask the gentleman Ms. Ballard saw me working
with yesterday what he said in that regard about providing me a copy of
anything, much less the docket in either RMC 11 CR 2217621 or RMC 11
CR2218521.
I believe I am entitled to a copy of the audio recording quickly, whether or
not a transcript has been officialy ordered, for the purposes of appeal or for
any other purposes. I believe in something called "transparency" in
goverment. Sunshine.
Let me ask you a question: If a Judge told you to jump off a bridge, would
you? It is my belief that Judge Howard ordered everyone to clear the
courtroom, including a female, shortly after my 11 20,2011 Trial began and
it became clear that I was not going to lay down meekly for the Court, or for
Wal-Mart, or for the Reno City Attorney. 2 million of my people starved to
death during a "Great Famine" between 1848-1850 in Ireland, despite being
surrounded by water and fIsh, where the English were arresting Irishmen who
attempted to save their families and their own live's by fIshing. I will be
fIshing here, gentleman. Deal with it. I want that recording, for, among
many other reasons, to see if Judge Howard merely asked those who might
be called as witnesses to leave or whether he demanded every member of the
public leave before he sent me off to Guantanamo, er, I mean the Washoe
County Detention Facility after the Military Tribunal, er, the Trial in RMC.
Interestingly, while at the Washoe County Detention Facility, I have been
made to strip naked while being videotaped, wear a green dress for days on
end, go without a toothbrush for days, refused any opportunity to make
phone calls to protect my clients cases from prejudice, forced to spread apart
my buttocks and allow an overly long look at my anus by Sheriffs Deputies,
and further, I was forced to submit to a position on my knees in the
immediate vicinity of two Sheriffs Deputies crotches in some sadistic forced
simulation of performing oral sex upon those men. Rico/Negligent Hiring,
Training, Supervision, 42 USC Sec. 1983 Deprivation of Civil Rights Under
Color of State Law, etc., etc. Qui Tam, Whistleblower. Mr. Roper, I doubt a
Federal Court Judge would require that I have come obtained a Statement
From you to complain about any Marshal's conduct. I am pretty sure this and
my other correspondences have placed you on notice.

00423
27 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2011 16:26:47 -0800
From: RoperJ@reno.gov
To: ZachCoughlin@hotmail.com
Subject: Message left on 12/13/2011
Mr. Coughlin,
I received your message that you left on my phone on December 13, 2011 in regards to a complaint against Marshal
Menzel. The Marshal Division takes all citizen complaints seriously and investigates all complaints received in writing or
verbally. However, I would need more information from you prior to moving forward with an investigation. I encourage
you to come to the court to obtain a statement form, or contact me directly should you wish to pursue this matter. As to
your request to obtain a copy of Marshal Menzel's personnel file, I am unable to provide that to you without a valid
subpoena or warrant.
00424
28 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

You also stated you were attempting to obtain a copy of your J udgement of Conviction from Dept. 4, specifically Veronica
Lopez, you can reach her at 326-6673. I am aware that a copy of your J udgement of Conviction was provided to you and
booked into your property on the night you were arrested. You are entitled to another copy should you wish.
Thank you,
J ustin Roper
Chief Marshal/Department of Alternative Sentencing
775-334-1254
RMC 11 CR 22176
Sent: Thu 12/15/11 11:59 PM
To: howardk@reno.gov; ballardd@reno.gov; robertsp@reno.gov; fiskm@reno.gov;
renomunirecords@reno.gov; lopezv@reno.gov
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
FAX COVER SHEET
TO: .RMC et al
FAX NO: RMC approved email ling
00425
29 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

RE: . City of reno v Coughlin RMC 11 CR 22176 2I
Motion for New Trial,Notice of appeal and other issues
Dear RMC,
I do not mean to be disrespectful in contacting the court via email. I have been so stamped
out by the events of the last few months that its all I can do to try to protect my rights to get
information and media to the court in my attempts to access justice. Veronica Lopez told me on
the phone on Monday of this week that she would fax me a copy of the Order and Contempt finding from the 11
30, 2011 Trial, yet I have not received any such fax. I have not received any order in any form, not on my release
from the 3 days summary incarceration, not ever. The RMC confirmed there has been no Notice of Entry of any
order in their docket or anything, etc.
I believe the following should be added to record and presents a strong argument for a
conflict of interest or other 60(b) basis for setting aside the verdict and contempt Order in
RMC 11 CR 22176 2I. I did not plead guilty in that case, and any RMC record that
suggests that is completely inaccurate. Please let me know if your records indicate I plead
guilty in that matter. Further, I have never been provided a copy of the Guilty Verdict/Order
in this matter, I requested on to be emailed to me and sent in the USPS mail. Please serve
me a copy of the order, preferably by email and USPS mail. Further, the "RMC's official
court transcriptionist" informed me yesterday that she could not quote me or accept an
money from me for the transcript on appeal. Further I have been told by court staff that I
would never be provided access to the audio recording of the Trial of 11 30, 2011. I believe
I have a right to it, and need it on an exigent basis in connection with the various motions I
have, will, or intend to to file challenging the decision in this case. The RMC filing office
informed me there has been no Notice of Entry of Order in this matter at this point.
T
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
00426
30 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
FW: RMC 11 CR 22176
Sent: Fri 12/16/11 12:00 AM
1 attachment
emergency filing rmc 11 cr 22176 12 15 11.pdf (260.9 KB)
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
00427
31 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
To: howardk@reno.gov; ballardd@reno.gov; robertsp@reno.gov; fiskm@reno.gov; renomunirecords@reno.gov;
lopezv@reno.gov
Subject: RMC 11 CR 22176
Date: Thu, 15 Dec 2011 23:59:45 -0800
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
FAX COVER SHEET
00428
32 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

TO: .RMC et al
FAX NO: RMC approved email ling
RE: . City of reno v Coughlin RMC 11 CR 22176 2I
Dear RMC,
T
00429
33 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
emergency filings
Sent: Fri 12/16/11 7:55 AM
To: renomunirecords@reno.gov; robertsp@reno.gov
2 attachments
12 16 11 emergency filing with fax cover sheet rmc 11 cr 22176.pdf (330.0 KB) , fax cover sheet and
notice of denial of service clarification motion.pdf (202.1 KB)
00430
34 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
FW: 121 River Rock
Sent: Sat 12/17/11 12:15 AM
To: ballardd@reno.gov; howardk@reno.gov; robertsp@reno.gov; renomunirecords@reno.gov; hazlett-
stevensc@reno.gov; puenteslaw@aol.com
Unbelievable. The idea that exculpating evidence is being withheld under some "lien" is transmitted into the
universe, next thing I know, my law office is broken in to and the Richard B. Hill gang is stil asserting a lien on
property that was stolen, in my opinion, as a result of their own negligence, leaving a window air conditioner unit
in a window, without even putting a window jam between the top of the sill and lower pain, facing a sidewalk a
block from the Lakemill Lodge and across from City Center Apartments, great. Great. And I still have not been
faxed or appropriately served the Order and Contempt Order I was told would be faxed to me.
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
00431
35 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
To: cdbaker@richardhillaw.com; knielsen@richardhillaw.com; sgallagher@richardhillaw.com
Subject: RE: 121 River Rock
Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2011 15:43:38 -0800
Dear Mr. Baker,
I drove by the property recently and saw you had added boarding up the front door on very, very recently.
Unfortunately, your client and your firm, despite billing up some $1,060 for "securing" the property on top of
charging $900 for storage for what could fit inside a 10x20 foot storage shed, never once providing an inventory,
and contributing to a wrongful arrest and defamation causing me and my clients great damage, failed to take
even basic steps to secure the property, despite my making numerous written requests that you do so, including,
but not limited to, taking the damn window unit air conditioner out of the window facing the sidewalk on the
side of the house very close to the damn Lakemill Lodge, or even putting a strong stick in between the bottom
sliding window pain and the top of the sill to prevent someone from simply pushing in the window unit air
conditioner and pushing the window up to gain access. Further, a blanket that was on the orange circular couch
is clearly in the flower bed in front of the house. Additionally, there are reports that someone with your office
gave someone a mattress from the inventory of Coughlin Memory Foam (a Nevada licensed business located at
00432
36 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

the property) and an expensive mattress platform has clearly been damaged and placed in the flower bed as
well, in addition to one of the wooden porch shades being removed from the front porch. You and your client
are, of course, liable for all of this.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
From: cdbaker@richardhillaw.com
CC: rhill@richardhillaw.com
Subject: 121 River Rock
Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2011 13:50:02 -0800
Mr. Coughlin:
The River Rock property has been broken into. We believe the break-in occurred sometime on Monday, 00433
37 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

December 12, 2011. There appear to be items missing, including the TV in the living room, perhaps a computer
monitor, and perhaps some stereo equipment. I cant tell what else. The contents of the residence appear to
have been rifled through.
I am providing you with this information as a courtesy. This email does NOT constitute permission for you to go
to the River Rock property.
Casey D. Baker, Esq.
Richard G. Hill, Chartered
652 Forest Street
Reno, Nevada 89509
Phone: (775) 348-0888
Fax: (775) 348-0858
Email: cdbaker@richardhillaw.com
CONFIDENTIAL: ATTORNEY WORK PRODUCT; ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGE
This e-mail may contain legally privileged or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient, please do not read, copy, use, or disclose this
communication to anyone other than the intended recipient. If you have received this message in error, please notify the sender and delete the email message from
your system. Thank you.
Circular 230 Notice.
To ensure compliance with requirements imposed by the IRS, we informyou that any U.S. federal tax advice contained in this communication (including any
attachments) is not intended or written to be used, and cannot be used, for the purpose of (i) avoiding penalties under the Internal Revenue Code or (ii) promoting,
marketing or recommending to another party any transaction or matter addressed herein.
emergency
Sent: Mon 12/19/11 4:32 PM
supplement to motion to set aside all orders, see attached exhibit, there is no initialing on
the filestampe for the order on the 11 30th, 2011
Tom said there was no docket entry or record of anything as of 12 13 11, i wans't provided copy of discovery for
over 30 days after arrest, rmc said it didn't have pc and witness satements but rec'd date indicates otherwise,
potentially, release sheets fromjail property inventory does not show 11 30 11 order, I declare under penalty of
00434
38 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

perjury i did not refuse any order or the chance to have a physical copy of one.
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
I will fax this to Ms. Roberts and the RMC as well, this is a courtesy copy
Sent: Mon 12/19/11 5:15 PM
1 attachment
RMC 11 CR 22176 12 19 11 filing with 3 exhibits.pdf (9.1 MB)
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
00435
39 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
no reply from Transcriptionist
Sent: Wed 12/21/11 12:02 AM
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402 00436
40 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

Nevada Bar No: 9473
Dear RMC,
It is my understanding the J udge Howard's order regarding email does not extend to the
address to which I am sending this correspondence: renomunirecords@reno.gov which is
the email address filing office supervisor Donna Ballard indicated to me was acceptable for
sending correspondence and filings to the RMC in lieu of faxes. I am writing because the
email address I was provided for RMC "official transcriptionist" Pam Longoni yielded a
"return to sender/failed transmission" message when I wrote to the email address provided
for her: plongoni@charter.net. Further, please see the forwarded email below that I sent to
Ms. Longoni. I have not received a return call from her regarding my recent messages to
her. I was told by a RMC filing office counter employee that I must get the transcript
through Ms. Longoni, as she is the "official transcriptionist" for the RMC. Please confirm
that I am no able to have another certified court reporter or transcriptionist create the
official transcript and indicate by what date this must be done, how it must be done, etc.
I was told by RMC filing office staff, including Ms. Ballard, that the RMC would not accept
any filings fees, bonds, or any other payments from me in relation to the underlying case 11
CR22176 2I or the appeal of that matter given that the RMC was holding the bail money I
paid into the court. If this is not the case or if I must pay anything into the RMC to ensure
that my appeal goes forward, please indicate as much in writing and with particularity. If I
am able to use any other transcriptionists and or the RMC has a list of such with contact
information, please provide such in writing.
Sincerely,
/s/Zach Coughlin
Zach Coughlin, Defendant/Appellant
distribution or any action taken or omitted to be taken in reliance on the contents of this information is prohibited 00437
41 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

privilege.
To: plongoni@charter.net
Subject: where to pay and how much
Date: Fri, 16 Dec 2011 22:44:37 -0800
Dear Ms. Longoni,
I have left you several messages. I wish to pay whatever it is I have to pay to get this
appeal transcript going and to preserve all my rights to review of the decision in RMC 11 cr
22176. Further, I would like a copy of the audio from the hearing as soon as possible.
Please provide specific detailed instructions as to how to pay and how much and anything
else I need to do.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
00438
42 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

privilege.
proof of insurance and registration Affidavit/Declaration and supporting
documentation
Sent: Mon 1/09/12 5:58 PM
To: renomunirecords@reno.gov; renodirect@reno.gov
1 attachment
Zach Coughlin license plate 838NER proof of insurance and registration for citations 544281 and
r47190389731.pdf (1737.4 KB)
Dear Reno Municipal Court Clerk's Office,
My name is Zachary B. Coughlin.
My vehicle and myself were appropriately insured, as verified by the attached Proof of Insurance for
my USAA automobile insurance at the time of both Traffic Citations No's: 544281 and R47190389731.
Copies of both citations are attached as well. My vehicle, at the time of both citations, was in
compliance with Nevada law with regard to vehicle registration. A true and correct copy of this
Affidavit and the attached copies of Traffic Citations No's: 544281 and R47190389731 and a true and
correct copy of the Proof of Insurance for the time of both citations from my USAA automobile
insurance (Policy Number 0098527 96C 7104 3) and a true copy of my DMV automobile Registration
Certificate for both 2011 and 2012 is attached hereto.
I attest that the assertions contained herein are true and make this Declaration under penalty of perjury
pursuant to NRS 199.145.
00439
43 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

Please find attached a 6 page pdf with this Affidavit/Declaration and the accompanying copies of the
two citations and the proof of insurance at the time and date of both citations and the same for the
registration for the vehicle. I am disputing the "failure to come to a complete stop" part of the citation
in 544281 and understanding that I have a hearing in Reno Municipal Court on 2 6 12 at 8:30 am in
that regard, please correct me if that is not the correct date and time.
Also, I have called several times and keeping leaving messages about disputing the following parking
tickets, and do not believe any "additional fines" should have attached to the base fine where I have
communicated that I am disputing them and have not receive a response with regard to the date and
time of my hearing to dispute them:
Citation Details
Citation Number: 020146724
Amount Due: $60.00
Issue Date: 12/03/2011 10:30:00
Plate Number: 838NER
State: NV
Related Citations
We have found the following additional outstanding citations for this license plate
number. Please check the box next to each additional citation that you would like to pay
for at this time.
Citation Number Issue Date Amount Due
020145322 11/03/2011 03:20:00 $55.00
Sincerely,
00440
44 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

Zach Coughlin
1422 E. 9th St. #2
RENO, NV 89512
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
** Notice** This message and accompanying documents are covered by the electronic Communications Privacy Act, 18 U.S.C. 2510-2521, and may
contain confidential information intended for the specified individual (s) only. If you are not the intended recipient or an agent responsible for delivering it
to the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that you have received this document in error and that any review, dissemination, copying, or the taking
of any action based on the contents of this information is strictly prohibited. This message is confidential, intended only for the named
recipient(s) and may contain information that is privileged, attorney work product or exempt from disclosure under applicable
law. If you are not the intended recipient(s), you are notified that any disclosure, copying, distribution or any action taken or
omitted to be taken in reliance on the contents of this information is prohibited and may be unlawful. If you receive this message
in error, or are not the named recipient(s), please notify the sender, delete this e-mail from your computer, and destroy any
copies in any form immediately. Receipt by anyone other than the named recipient(s) is not a waiver of any attorney-client, work
debt validation documentation request and dispute letter under FDCPA
to City of Reno et al
Sent: Mon 1/09/12 6:09 PM
To: renodirect@reno.gov; renomunirecords@reno.gov
Dear City of Reno,
This writing is written notice to you that I dispute the debt your office and the City of Reno
and or the Reno Municipal Court has recently sent me, alleging that I owe some debt for
either parking tickets and or traffic citations. Further, I request verification and
documentation in support of your contention that I owe such a debt pursuant to the Fair
Debt Collection Practices Act.
Sincerely,
00441
45 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

Zach Coughlin1422 E. 9th St. #2
RENO, NV 89512
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
To: renomunirecords@reno.gov; renodirect@reno.gov
Subject: proof of insurance and registration Affidavit/Declaration and supporting documentation
Date: Mon, 9 Jan 2012 17:58:47 -0800
Dear Reno Municipal Court Clerk's Office,
My name is Zachary B. Coughlin.
My vehicle and myself were appropriately insured, as verified by the attached Proof of Insurance for
my USAA automobile insurance at the time of both Traffic Citations No's: 544281 and R47190389731.
Copies of both citations are attached as well. My vehicle, at the time of both citations, was in
compliance with Nevada law with regard to vehicle registration. A true and correct copy of this
00442
46 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

Affidavit and the attached copies of Traffic Citations No's: 544281 and R47190389731 and a true and
correct copy of the Proof of Insurance for the time of both citations from my USAA automobile
insurance (Policy Number 0098527 96C 7104 3) and a true copy of my DMV automobile Registration
Certificate for both 2011 and 2012 is attached hereto.
I attest that the assertions contained herein are true and make this Declaration under penalty of perjury
Please find attached a 6 page pdf with this Affidavit/Declaration and the accompanying copies of the
two citations and the proof of insurance at the time and date of both citations and the same for the
registration for the vehicle. I am disputing the "failure to come to a complete stop" part of the citation
in 544281 and understanding that I have a hearing in Reno Municipal Court on 2 6 12 at 8:30 am in
that regard, please correct me if that is not the correct date and time.
Also, I have called several times and keeping leaving messages about disputing the following parking
tickets, and do not believe any "additional fines" should have attached to the base fine where I have
communicated that I am disputing them and have not receive a response with regard to the date and
time of my hearing to dispute them:
Citation Details
Citation Number: 020146724
Amount Due: $60.00
Issue Date: 12/03/2011 10:30:00
Plate Number: 838NER
State: NV
00443
47 of 47 1/29/2012 8:20 PM

Related Citations
We have found the following additional outstanding citations for this license plate
number. Please check the box next to each additional citation that you would like to pay
for at this time.
Citation Number Issue Date Amount Due
020145322 11/03/2011 03:20:00 $55.00
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin
1422 E. 9th St. #2
RENO, NV 89512
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
00444
1/30/2012 http://by148w.bay148.mail.live.com/mail/PrintMessages.aspx?cpids=1198565f-dbcf-4a36-...

Hotmail Print Message Page 1 of 1
where to pay and how much
Sent: Fri 12/16/11 10:44 PM
Dear Ms. Longoni,
I have left you several messages. I wish to pay whatever it is I have to pay to get
this appeal transcript going and to preserve all my rights to review of the decision in
RMC 11 cr 22176. Further, I would like a copy of the audio from the hearing as
soon as possible. Please provide specific detailed instructions as to how to pay and
how much and anything else I need to do.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
** Notice** This message and accompanying documents are covered by the electronic Communications Privacy
Act, 18 U.S.C. 2510-2521, and may contain confidential information intended for the specified individual (s)
only. If you are not the intended recipient or an agent responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, you are
hereby notified that you have received this document in error and that any review, dissemination, copying, or the
taking of any action based on the contents of this information is strictly prohibited. This message is confidential,
product or exempt from disclosure under applicable law. If you are not the intended recipient(s), you are
destroy any copies in any form immediately. Receipt by anyone other than the named recipient(s) is not a
00445
1 of 5 1/29/2012 9:39 PM

Hotmail Print Message http://by148w.bay148.mail.live.com/mail/PrintMessages.aspx?cpids=f54...
Fwd: Attached Image / Subpoena
From: Donna Ballard (BallardD@reno.gov)
Sent: Tue 11/29/11 3:22 PM
1 attachment
0660_001.pdf (28.7 KB)
From: "MUNI CT 1st Floor Clerks" <canon@reno.gov>
To: "DONNA" <ballardd@reno.gov>
Date: Tue, 29 Nov 2011 16:14:15 -0800
Subject: Attached Image
Donna Ballard
Senior Court Specialist
1 South Sierra Street
Reno, Nevada 89501
(775)334-3101
RE: Attached Image / Subpoena
Sent: Tue 11/29/11 3:53 PM
To: Zach Coughlin (zachcoughlin@hotmail.com)
I am so sorry, I must have misunderstood.
These must be served and the affidavit portion completed before they can be file stamped in.
Thank you,
Donna
To: <ballardd@reno.gov>
Date: Tue, 29 Nov 2011 15:48:31 -0800
Subject: RE: Attached Image / Subpoena
Dear Ms. Ballard,
Thank you sending these and agreeing to stamp and emal them back to me
today, very, very much appreciate.
Sincerely,
00446
2 of 5 1/29/2012 9:39 PM

Zach Coughlin
email is the best way to contact me, having phone issues today.
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
U.S.C. 2510-2521, and may contain confidential information intended for the specified individual (s) only. If you are
not the intended recipient or an agent responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that
you have received this document in error and that any review, dissemination, copying, or the taking of any action based
on the contents of this information is strictly prohibited. This message is confidential, intended only for the named
notify the sender, delete this e-mail from your computer, and destroy any copies in any form immediately.
Date: Tue, 29 Nov 2011 15:22:14 -0800
From: BallardD@reno.gov
Subject: Fwd: Attached Image / Subpoena
Date: Tue, 29 Nov 2011 16:14:15 -0800
Donna Ballard
Reno, Nevada 89501
00447
3 of 5 1/29/2012 9:39 PM

(775)334-3101
Donna Ballard
Reno, Nevada 89501
(775)334-3101
Fwd: Attached Image
Sent: Tue 11/29/11 4:47 PM
1 attachment
0661_001.pdf (42.9 KB)
Thank you. I am taking it up to the Department now.
Donna
Date: Tue, 29 Nov 2011 17:42:28 -0800
Donna Ballard
Reno, Nevada 89501
(775)334-3101
Re: IFP/ FINANCIAL INQUIRY APPLICATION
Sent: Wed 12/14/11 12:09 PM
To: Zach Coughlin (zachcoughlin@hotmail.com)
I did not inform you that you would need a subpoena to get a copy of the docket. I advised you that your
records request will be sufficient for copies of documents as public record and did not specify specific
documents.
I am forwarding this email to Department 2, Department 4 and the Chief Marshal for further action.
00448
4 of 5 1/29/2012 9:39 PM

To: <ballardd@reno.gov>, <renomunirecords@reno.gov>
Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2011 00:22:07 -0800
Subject: IFP/ FINANCI AL INQUIRY APPLI CATION
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
Ms. Ballard,
Please note, the gentleman I worked with at the filing office counter today informed me there were no appeal
fees, bonds, or other charges that I could pay (including transcription costs) as "all charges are being taken
from" my bail in the respective matters. Please email me the audio from the November 20th,2011 Trial in 11 cr
22176 2I and proof of service of any Contempt Order or Guilty Verdict/Order in that matter. Please file this as
well as a Opposition to Any Motion to Continue Trial in 11 cr 26405, dept 2, and a Motion to Set Aside or
Vacate any Order Granting Continuance in response to such an Order Granting Continuance. Please email,
fax, or mail me a copy of the Notice of Appearances by both Taitel and Puentes and the Motion and Order
Granting Withdrawal of Taitel, if it exists. I would like a copy of the docket in both 11 CR 26405 2I and 11 CR
22176, despite your informing me today that I would need to subpoena the docket to have any chance of
seeing it and that I would not be provided access to documents in the public record, including Orders in both
of these cases.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin
notify the sender, delete this e-mail from your computer, and destroy any copies in any form immediately. 00449
5 of 5 1/29/2012 9:39 PM

Donna Ballard
Reno, Nevada 89501
(775)334-3101
00450
1 of 22 1/29/2012 9:43 PM

Hotmail Print Message http://by148w.bay148.mail.live.com/mail/PrintMessages.aspx?cpids=e4...
Sent: Tue 11/29/11 3:48 PM
To: ballardd@reno.gov
4 attachments
RMC subpoena Ellis Walmart Manager and loss prevention manager.pdf (42.7 KB) , RMC subpoena
Janice store clerk walmart arrest receipt cashier 2nd St. 89501 Walmart.pdf (44.3 KB) , RMC subpoena
Store Manager Brian Bain 2nd st Walmart Reno and LP supervisor 2nd St. 89501 Walmart.pdf (43.3 KB) ,
RMC subpoena fill in the blank for name stylein city of reno v coughlin 11 cr 22176 2I.pdf (43.7 KB)
Dear Ms. Ballard,
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
Date: Tue, 29 Nov 2011 15:22:14 -0800
00451
2 of 22 1/29/2012 9:43 PM

Date: Tue, 29 Nov 2011 16:14:15 -0800
Donna Ballard
Reno, Nevada 89501
(775)334-3101
Sent: Tue 11/29/11 4:29 PM
1 attachment
RMC various walmart subpoenasreno v coughlin 11 cr 22176 2I.pdf (56.9 KB)
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
00452
3 of 22 1/29/2012 9:43 PM

privilege.
Date: Tue, 29 Nov 2011 15:53:46 -0800
I am so sorry, I must have misunderstood.
These must be served and the affidavit portion completed before they can be file stamped in.
Thank you,
Donna
To: <ballardd@reno.gov>
Date: Tue, 29 Nov 2011 15:48:31 -0800
Dear Ms. Ballard,
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
00453
4 of 22 1/29/2012 9:43 PM

Date: Tue, 29 Nov 2011 15:22:14 -0800
Date: Tue, 29 Nov 2011 16:14:15 -0800
Donna Ballard
Reno, Nevada 89501
(775)334-3101
Donna Ballard
Reno, Nevada 89501
(775)334-3101
IFP/ FINANCIAL INQUIRY APPLICATION
00454

5 of 22 1/29/2012 9:43 PM

Sent: Wed 12/14/11 12:22 AM
2 attachments
Coughlin IFP and Financial Inquiry Application RMC 11222011 11 CR 26405 2I.pdf (381.9 KB) , Coughlin
IFP and Financial Inquiry Application RMC 11222011 11 CR 22176 2I.pdf (372.0 KB)
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
Ms. Ballard,
Please note, the gentleman I worked with at the filing office counter today informed me there were no
appeal fees, bonds, or other charges that I could pay (including transcription costs) as "all charges are
20th,2011 Trial in 11 cr 22176 2I and proof of service of any Contempt Order or Guilty Verdict/Order
both Taitel and Puentes and the Motion and Order Granting Withdrawal of Taitel, if it exists. I would
like a copy of the docket in both 11 CR 26405 2I and 11 CR 22176, despite your informing me today
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin
00455
6 of 22 1/29/2012 9:43 PM

privilege.
RE: IFP/ FINANCIAL INQUIRY APPLICATION
Sent: Wed 12/14/11 3:45 PM
You might want to ask the gentleman clerk I was working with about
everything he said.
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
00456
7 of 22 1/29/2012 9:43 PM

privilege.
Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2011 12:09:40 -0800
Subject: Re: IFP/ FINANCIAL INQUIRY APPLICATION
I did not inform you that you would need a subpoena to get a copy of the docket. I advised you that your
records request will be sufficient for copies of documents as public record and did not specify specific
documents.
I am forwarding this email to Department 2, Department 4 and the Chief Marshal for further action.
To: <ballardd@reno.gov>, <renomunirecords@reno.gov>
Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2011 00:22:07 -0800
Subject: IFP/ FINANCI AL INQUIRY APPLI CATION
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
Ms. Ballard,
Please note, the gentleman I worked with at the filing office counter today informed me there were no appeal
fees, bonds, or other charges that I could pay (including transcription costs) as "all charges are being taken
from" my bail in the respective matters. Please email me the audio from the November 20th,2011 Trial in 11 cr
22176 2I and proof of service of any Contempt Order or Guilty Verdict/Order in that matter. Please file this as
00457
8 of 22 1/29/2012 9:43 PM

well as a Opposition to Any Motion to Continue Trial in 11 cr 26405, dept 2, and a Motion to Set Aside or
Vacate any Order Granting Continuance in response to such an Order Granting Continuance. Please email,
fax, or mail me a copy of the Notice of Appearances by both Taitel and Puentes and the Motion and Order
Granting Withdrawal of Taitel, if it exists. I would like a copy of the docket in both 11 CR 26405 2I and 11 CR
22176, despite your informing me today that I would need to subpoena the docket to have any chance of
seeing it and that I would not be provided access to documents in the public record, including Orders in both
of these cases.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin
Donna Ballard
Reno, Nevada 89501
(775)334-3101
RE: Message left on 12/13/2011
Sent: Wed 12/14/11 6:52 PM
Dear Chief Marshal Roper, and the RMC,
Thank you for your quick reply. I actually requested a copy of some
documentation related to my complaints about both incidents with Marshal
Mentzel be placed in his employment or personnel file, not that you provide 00458
9 of 22 1/29/2012 9:43 PM

me a copy of his file. I would like one, or a copy of any complaints against
any Marshals, but I realize a subpoena would likely be required to have any
I never received a copy of the Contempt Finding and Guilty
Verdict/J udgment/ORder or whatever from the 11 30, 2011 Trial before Judge
Howard in 11 CR22176 2I, though "Veronica" (no one will tell me her last
those Orders that was ever attempted on me occured while I was handcuffed,
damn notes and act like I was some perp who just knocked of a god damn
liquor store with a firearm. Some people need to get a grip inside. Please
I would like a copy of the 11 30, 2011 Order and the audio of the Trial. I
believe you have a duty to find out what those Marshals did with this
requests or a request of the audio of the Trial of 11 30, 2011, despite an
to stay until nearly 9pm on 11 30, 2011 to complete this "Trial", and how it
against me 11 CR 22185 2I, despite the fact that Lew Taitel never receive my
00459

10 of 22 1/29/2012 9:43 PM
or Docket in RMC 11 CR22176 2I (I am also hereby requesting a copy of
10 11, 2011, where I mention the problems associated with asking questions
11 CR 22185 2I, in that regard. Why shouldn't defendants in the RMC, after
00460
11 of 22 1/29/2012 9:43 PM

with the process of tending ot a request for a Transcript on Appeal. I was
told by a female RMC counter clerk that I would not ever be provided a copy
of the audio recording of the 11 30, 2011 Trial, but that I may purchase from
transcription will not begin, until receipt of the required deposit..." I asked
Ms. Longoni to inform me of everything I must do or pay to have the
RMC allowed Ms. Longoni to access the RMC "system" and view/hear the
audio of the 11 30, 2011 Trial in 11 CR22176 2I. Ms. Longoni angrily hung
money or a deposit or anything else required for the transcript. I have yet to
been denied to me) despite her angry assurances on the phone on 12 12, 2011
stemming from the 11 30, 2011 Trial in RMC 11 CR 22176 2I. Please have
respect to the audio of the 11 30, 2011 Trial in RMC 11 CR 22176 2I, and of
course I will pay a reasonable cost for the cd to the extent my IFP is not
granted. The RJ C and Washoe District Court charge about $30 per cd. The
00461

12 of 22 1/29/2012 9:43 PM

force them to first. Please ask the gentleman Ms. Ballard saw me working
anything, much less the docket in either RMC 11 CR 22176 2I or RMC 11
CR 22185 2I.
Let me ask you a question: If a J udge told you to jump off a bridge, would
courtroom, including a female, shortly after my 11 20, 2011 Trial began and
surrounded by water and fish, where the English were arresting Irishmen who
attempted to save their families and their own live's by fishing. I will be
fishing here, gentleman. Deal with it. I want that recording, for, among
many other reasons, to see if J udge Howard merely asked those who might
my buttocks and allow an overly long look at my anus by Sheriff's Deputies,
immediate vicinity of two Sheriff's Deputies crotches in some sadistic forced
00462
13 of 22 1/29/2012 9:43 PM

Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2011 16:26:47 -0800
Mr. Coughlin,
I received your message that you left on my phone on December 13, 2011 in regards to a complaint against Marshal
verbally. However, I would need more information fromyou prior to moving forward with an investigation. I encourage
00463
14 of 22 1/29/2012 9:43 PM

You also stated you were attempting to obtain a copy of your J udgement of Conviction fromDept. 4, specifically Veronica
Lopez, you can reach her at 326-6673. I am aware that a copy of your J udgement of Conviction was provided to you and
Thank you,
J ustin Roper
775-334-1254
RMC 11 CR 22176
Sent: Thu 12/15/11 11:59 PM
ZachCoughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
FAX COVER SHEET
TO: .RMC et al
FAX NO: RMC approvedemail ling
00464
15 of 22 1/29/2012 9:43 PM

RE: . Cityof renovCoughlinRMC 11CR221762I
Motion for NewTrial,Noticeof appeal andother issues
Dear RMC,
T
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
00465
16 of 22 1/29/2012 9:43 PM

fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
FW: RMC 11 CR 22176
Sent: Fri 12/16/11 12:00 AM
1 attachment
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
00466
17 of 22 1/29/2012 9:43 PM

Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
lopezv@reno.gov
Date: Thu, 15 Dec 2011 23:59:45 -0800
ZachCoughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
FAX COVER SHEET
00467
18 of 22 1/29/2012 9:43 PM

TO: .RMC et al
Dear RMC,
T
00468
19 of 22 1/29/2012 9:43 PM

Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
FW: 121 River Rock
Sent: Sat 12/17/11 12:15 AM
00469
20 of 22 1/29/2012 9:43 PM

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2011 15:43:38 -0800
Dear Mr. Baker,
00470
21 of 22 1/29/2012 9:43 PM

Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2011 13:50:02 -0800
Mr. Coughlin:
00471
22 of 22 1/29/2012 9:43 PM

The River Rock property has been broken into. We believe the break-in occurred sometime on Monday,
652 Forest Street
Reno, Nevada 89509
Phone: (775) 348-0888
Fax: (775) 348-0858
This e-mail may contain legally privileged or confidential information. If you arenot theintended recipient, please do not read, copy, use, or disclosethis
communication to anyone other than the intended recipient. If you havereceived thismessage in error, please notify thesender and delete theemail message from
To ensure compliancewith requirements imposed by theIRS, weinform you that any U.S. federal tax advice contained in thiscommunication (including any
attachments) isnot intended or written to be used, and cannot be used, for the purpose of (i) avoiding penalties under the Internal Revenue Code or (ii) promoting,
00472
1 of 19 1/29/2012 10:01 PM

Hotmail Print Message http://by148w.bay148.mail.live.com/mail/PrintMessages.aspx?cpids=66...
request for arrest records
Sent: Tue 10/04/11 3:22 PM
To: lcooley@rsic.org; voldenburg@rsic.org; rariwite@rsic.org; police@rsic.org
1 attachment
records request to rsic police.pdf (65.8 KB)
lcooley@rsic.org, voldenburg@rsic.org, rariwite@rsic.org, police@rsic.org,
TO:
Larry Cooley, Chief of Police
October 4, 2011
Dear Reno Sparks Indian Colony Police Records Department and
Administrators, including Chief Cooley, Attorney Oldenburg, and Tribal
Administrator Ariwhite,
My name is Zach Coughlin. I wish to obtain any and all records available
incident to an arrest at the E. 2nd St. Walmart by the Reno Sparks Indian
Colony Police on or about Saturday October 10th, 2011 at between
approximately 9pm and 10:30pm. I want any and all records, video, audio,
paper documentation or otherwise that I have a right to. I am representing
myself. I have sought these records from the Reno Municipal Court's
Records Office and they kept telling me they didn't have them yet and that I
should return sometime soon. Finally, they admitted the do not keep these
records and they must be obtained from your office. This delay has unduly
prejudiced my case and I request that you provide these records to me at
once, with no delay, please. The RS Indian Colony Police refused to give me
a copy of these records today when I spoke with Sargent Avansino, who was
polite and helpful otherwise. I believe this case should be dismissed.
Signed electronically and signed in a signed attached PDF. I can come pick
the records up with identification if that is required or I hereby give you
00473
2 of 19 1/29/2012 10:01 PM

permission to email them to me or mail them to the address below:
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin
Subpoena and request for arrest records
Sent: Tue 10/04/11 4:26 PM
2 attachments
gov.uscourts.nvd.52455.8.0 hernandez against reno sparks indian police.PDF (224.4 KB) ,
gov.uscourts.mied.209033.1.0 Sweeney Class Action Walmart.PDF (415.2 KB)
00474
3 of 19 1/29/2012 10:01 PM
October 4, 2011
Dear Reno Sparks Indian Colony Police Department and Counsel,
My name is Zach Coughlin. I have now been informed by both the Reno
Municipal Court and the Reno City Attorney's officer that neither entity can
provide my requested records. You have them, I believe I have a
constitutional right to them. If you feel differently, please explain in writing
why that is the case. Please review:
Construction and effect, in false imprisonment action, of statute providing for
detention of sus-
pected shoplifters, 47 A.L.R. 3d 998
Liability of municipality or other governmental unit for failure to provide
police protection, 46
A.L.R. 3d 1084
Personal liability of policeman, sheriffs, or similar peace officer or his bond,
for injury suffered as
a result of failure to enforce law or arrest lawbreaker, 41 A.L.R. 3d 700
Admissibility of defendant's rules or instructions for dealing with shoplifters,
in action for false
imprisonment or malicious prosecution, 31 A.L.R. 3D 705
Genuine issue of material fact, as to whether homeowner voluntarily
consented to warrantless search of his residence, or whether he had been
coerced into giving his consent by officers' alleged refusal to honor his
requests to speak with attorney, and by their alleged threats that, unless he
consented, he would be forced to wait outside while officers obtained
warrant and then "t[ore] his house apart and arrest[ed] his girlfriend,"
precluded entry of summary judgment for government in civil forfeiture 00475
4 of 19 1/29/2012 10:01 PM

action in which only evidence supporting government's position was
evidence that homeowner sought to suppress. U.S.C.A. Const.Amend. 4;
Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970,
511(a)(7), 21 U.S.C.A. 881(a)(7). U.S. v. One Piece of Real Property
Located at 5800 SW 74th Ave., Miami, Fla., 363 F.3d 1099;Manning v
Commonwealth (1959, Ky) 328 SW2d 421.
Please consider this a subpoena requesting all records having anything to do
with this incident.
I wish to obtain any and all records available incident to IC110627 at the E.
2nd St. Walmart by the Reno Sparks Indian Colony Police on or about
Saturday October 10th, 2011 at between approximately 9pm and 10:30pm. I
want any and all records, video, audio, paper documentation or otherwise that
I have a right to. I am representing myself. I have sought these records from
the Reno Municipal Court's Records Office and they kept telling me they
didn't have them yet and that I should return sometime soon. Finally, they
admitted the do not keep these records and they must be obtained from your
office. This delay has unduly prejudiced my case and I request that you
provide these records to me at once, with no delay, please. The RS Indian
Colony Police refused to give me a copy of these records today when I spoke
with Sargent Avansino, who was polite and helpful otherwise. I believe this
case should be dismissed.
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
Sincerely,
00476
5 of 19 1/29/2012 10:01 PM

Zach Coughlin
This message is confidential, intended only for the named recipient(s) and may contain information
that is privileged, work product or exempt from disclosure under applicable law. If you are not the
intended recipient(s), you are notified that any disclosure, copying, distribution or any action taken or
omitted to be taken in reliance on the contents of this information is prohibited and may be unlawful. If
you receive this message in error, or are not the named recipient(s), please notify the sender, delete
this e-mail from your computer, and destroy any copies in any form immediately. Receipt by anyone
other than the named recipient(s) is not a waiver of any attorney-client, work product, or other
applicable privilege.
Civil Results
Party Name Court Case NOS Date Filed Date Closed
1 Reno Sparks Indian Tribal Council (dft) nvdce 3:2007-cv-00023 440 02/27/2007 07/17/2007
Appellate Results
Party Name Court Case NOS Date Filed Date Closed
2 Reno Sparks Indian Tribal Council (pty) 09cae 07-16422 3440 08/10/2007 12/27/2007
RE: request for arrest records
Saved: Sun 12/04/11 3:49 AM
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
00477
6 of 19 1/29/2012 10:01 PM

Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
To:pgoins@rsic.org, lcooley@rsic.org; voldenburg@rsic.org; rariwite@rsic.org; police@rsic.org
Subject: request for arrest records
Date: Tue, 4 Oct 2011 15:22:39 -0700
lcooley@rsic.org, voldenburg@rsic.org, rariwite@rsic.org, police@rsic.org,
TO:
Larry Cooley, Chief of Police
October 4, 2011
Dear Reno Sparks Indian Colony Police Records Department and
Administrators, including Chief Cooley, Attorney Oldenburg, and Tribal
Administrator Ariwhite,
00478
7 of 19 1/29/2012 10:01 PM

records and they must be obtained from your office. This delay has unduly
prejudiced my case and I request that you provide these records to me at
once, with no delay, please. The RS Indian Colony Police refused to give me
a copy of these records today when I spoke with Sargent Avansino, who was
polite and helpful otherwise. I believe this case should be dismissed.
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin
the named recipient(s), please notify the sender, delete this e-mail from your computer, and destroy any copies in 00479
8 of 19 1/29/2012 10:01 PM

6:49 mark
Sent: Sun 12/04/11 4:05 AM
We spend half the "trial" arguing about whether your lying cops had enough
"information" (their definition included personally identifiable information to
identify the accused sufficiently to issue a citation, A CURRENT NEVADA'S
DRIVERS LICENSE WOULD DO JUST FINE ON THAT ACCOUNT) to
issue a citation, and how, because they didn't, they had to conduct a search
incident to arrest, yet YOUR OWN DAMN VIDEO (OR RATHER,
WALMART'S, BUT ITS HARD TO SEE WHERE YOU GUYS END AND
WALMART BEGINS), THAT YOU EFFING PRODUCED (OR RATHER
THE RENO CITY ATTORNEY PRODUCED AFTER THE BOYS AT
WALMART "COMPILED" VIDEO, WHICH CURIOUSLY DID CONTAIN
A FUCKING SECOND OF VIDEO SHOWING ANY OF THE ALLEGED
CONCEALING OR CONSUMING THE ITEMS IN QUESTION! SHOWS
THE ACCUSED HANDING THEM A DRIVERS LICENSE AND THEM
CALLING IT IN TO CHECK FOR PRIORS (THAT WILL SHOW UP IN
DISPATCH REPORTS AND OTHER DOCUMENTATION). THESE
KEYSTONE COP EFFUPS HAVE DEFAMED ME AND YOU
SPONSORED IT, CULTIVATED IT.
I CAN GIVE YOU UNTIL TUESDAY TO MAKE A STRONG EFFORT TO
CORRECT THIS, AFTER THAT, I HAVE TO MAKE MY MOVES AND
FILE MY MOTIONS. JUDGE VAN WALRAVEN WOULD BE
ASHAMED OF HOW THIS HAS BEEN HANDLED.
THE OFFICERS ARE KAMERON CRAWFORD AND BRAUNWORTH, WHO CAME ACROSS A
00480
9 of 19 1/29/2012 10:01 PM

FAR MORE COGNITIVELY IMPAIRED IN COURT THAN HE DID IN PERSON, TO AN EXTENT
THAT WOULD SUGGEST HE WAS DISHONORING THE LEGAL PROCESS BY HIS
"PARTICIPATION", AND ITS ALL ON TAPE.
I want you to move for, OR ASK THE CITY ATTORNEY TO MOVE
FOR, a Rule 59 Motion to Set Aside or some other motion to have the
Judgment Set Aside. Your cop witness clearly had a driver's license
produced to him at the 6:49 mark of WALMART'S OWN DAMN VIDEO!
And you suborned his perjury on the witness stand in violation of many of
the POLICE CODES YOU ARE HELD TO. Further, what are you going to
say when the UPC from the alleged receipt appears on the purchased receipt,
in combination with Frontino's adamant assertion that they wouldn't, in
combination with the same from Crawford, in combination with Frontino
admitting he couldn't hear what was said between the accused and the
cashier, in combination with the "same UPC, hit the quantity number"
practice common at Walmart? Further, your Officer Crawford, as a witness,
admitted on tape at the trial that "he didn't have enough EVIDENCE to issue
a citation so he arrested and did a search incident to arrest" to get more
evidence before Reno City Attorney Roberts and Judge Howard could jump
in and cut him off. That's gametime. Frontino, Crawford, and Braunworth,
sat around joking like goofy frat boys the preceeding 30 minutes in the
hallway in front of the court room, like a group of 3 buddies who hang out all
the time, except, 2 get paid by you, and one gets paid by Wal-Mart, who pay
the people who pay you. Then all three of them wait around the hear the
verdict at 8 pm hours after Frontino and Crawford finished testifying.
Maybe the don't realize Judge Howard wasn't ruling on the Appeal, the Rule
59, 60 motions, Motion for Reconsideration, defamation, wrongful arrest,
false imprisonment lawsuits, etc. Fix it now while you can. Wait till I get the
video from Walmart that Frontino is hiding from you, and don't you just want
to know if some "other" audio or video exists of the interrogation.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
Licensed in Nevada and USPTO 00481
10 of 19 1/29/2012 10:01 PM

privilege.
Re: your cop lying, see your video drivers license produce ap overview at
6:49 mark
From: Pamela Roberts (robertsp@reno.gov)
Sent: Mon 12/05/11 7:49 AM
To: Zach Coughlin (zachcoughlin@hotmail.com); lcooley@rsic.org; voldenburg@rsic.org; rariwite@rsic.org;
police@rsic.org
Mr. Coughlin: Please discontinue any further correspondence with me via email. Please file and serve any
motions or notices in accordance with the rules of the applicable court. Pam Roberts, Deputy City Attorney.
To: <lcooley@rsic.org>, <voldenburg@rsic.org>, <rariwite@rsic.org>, <police@rsic.org>,
<robertsp@reno.gov>
Date: Sun, 4 Dec 2011 04:05:27 -0800
"information" (their definition included personally identifiable information
to identify the accused sufficiently to issue a citation, A CURRENT
00482
11 of 19 1/29/2012 10:01 PM

NEVADA'S DRIVERS LICENSE WOULD DO J UST FINE ON THAT
ACCOUNT) to issue a citation, and how, because they didn't, they had to
conduct a search incident to arrest, yet YOUR OWN DAMN VIDEO (OR
RATHER, WALMART'S, BUT ITS HARD TO SEE WHERE YOU GUYS
END AND WALMART BEGINS), THAT YOU EFFING PRODUCED
(OR RATHER THE RENO CITY ATTORNEY PRODUCED AFTER THE
BOYS AT WALMART "COMPILED" VIDEO, WHICH CURIOUSLY
DID CONTAIN A FUCKING SECOND OF VIDEO SHOWING ANY OF
THE ALLEGED CONCEALING OR CONSUMING THE ITEMS IN
QUESTION! SHOWS THE ACCUSED HANDING THEM A DRIVERS
LICENSE AND THEM CALLING IT IN TO CHECK FOR PRIORS
(THAT WILL SHOW UP IN DISPATCH REPORTS AND OTHER
DOCUMENTATION). THESE KEYSTONE COP EFFUPS HAVE
DEFAMED ME AND YOU SPONSORED IT, CULTIVATED IT.
I CAN GIVE YOU UNTIL TUESDAY TO MAKE A STRONG EFFORT
TO CORRECT THIS, AFTER THAT, I HAVE TO MAKE MY MOVES
AND FILE MY MOTIONS. JUDGE VAN WALRAVEN WOULD BE
THE OFFICERS ARE KAMERON CRAWFORD AND BRAUNWORTH, WHO CAME ACROSS
A FAR MORE COGNITIVELY IMPAIRED IN COURT THAN HE DID IN PERSON, TO AN
EXTENT THAT WOULD SUGGEST HE WAS DISHONORING THE LEGAL PROCESS BY HIS
say when the UPC from the alleged receipt appears on the purchased
receipt, in combination with Frontino's adamant assertion that they
wouldn't, in combination with the same from Crawford, in combination
with Frontino admitting he couldn't hear what was said between the accused
and the cashier, in combination with the "same UPC, hit the quantity
number" practice common at Walmart? Further, your Officer Crawford, as
a witness, admitted on tape at the trial that "he didn't have enough
EVIDENCE to issue a citation so he arrested and did a search incident to
00483

12 of 19 1/29/2012 10:01 PM

arrest" to get more evidence before Reno City Attorney Roberts and J udge
Howard could jump in and cut him off. That's gametime. Frontino,
Crawford, and Braunworth, sat around joking like goofy frat boys the
preceeding 30 minutes in the hallway in front of the court room, like a
group of 3 buddies who hang out all the time, except, 2 get paid by you, and
one gets paid by Wal-Mart, who pay the people who pay you. Then all
three of them wait around the hear the verdict at 8 pm hours after Frontino
and Crawford finished testifying. Maybe the don't realize Judge Howard
wasn't ruling on the Appeal, the Rule 59, 60 motions, Motion for
Reconsideration, defamation, wrongful arrest, false imprisonment lawsuits,
etc. Fix it now while you can. Wait till I get the video from Walmart that
Frontino is hiding from you, and don't you just want to know if some
"other" audio or video exists of the interrogation.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
00484
13 of 19 1/29/2012 10:01 PM

defamation lawsuit/wrongful arrest/perjury under color of state law
arrest.
Sent: Mon 12/12/11 10:07 PM
To: nhardjo@rsic.org; carthene@reno.gov; htobey@rsic.og
Dear RSIC Police and Ms. Carthen,
Please provide me a copy of the video cd/dvd that Walmart's Frontino handed
your two Officers, Kameron Crawford and Braunworth when they were
escorting the suspect from the interrogation room in RMC 11 CR 22176. I
don't care if you think the tape/disc is not probative. I want it. Plus I want all
the dispatch tapes, especially where Kameron is calling in the suspect's
driver's license (which he testified the suspect refused to give him, but darn
it, its right there on the interrogation room footage, Kameron being givent he
driver's license card. Then the walmart guy Frontino testifies there was not
footage other than the interrogation room footage, yet he clearly hands the
two RSIC officers a cd/dvd when there are leaving the room. I am still
bothered that Sargent Avansino stonewalled me on the discovery for a whole
month following the arrest.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin
<robertsp@reno.gov>
Date: Sun, 4 Dec 2011 04:05:27 -0800
00485
14 of 19 1/29/2012 10:01 PM

DID CONTAIN A FriggING SECOND OF VIDEO SHOWING ANY OF
AND FILE MY MOTIONS.
00486

15 of 19 1/29/2012 10:01 PM

preceding 30 minutes in the hallway in front of the court room, like a group
of 3 buddies who hang out all the time, except, 2 get paid by you, and one
gets paid by Wal-Mart, who pay the people who pay you. Then all three of
them wait around the hear the verdict at 8 pm hours after Frontino and
Crawford finished testifying. Maybe the don't realize J udge Howard wasn't
ruling on the Appeal, the Rule 59, 60 motions, Motion for Reconsideration,
defamation, wrongful arrest, false imprisonment lawsuits, etc. Fix it now
while you can. Wait till I get the video from Walmart that Frontino is hiding
from you, and don't you just want to know if some "other" audio or
video exists of the interrogation.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV
fax: 949 667 7402
FW: defamation lawsuit/wrongful arrest/perjury under color of state law
00487
16 of 19 1/29/2012 10:01 PM

arrest.
Sent: Fri 12/16/11 7:56 AM
To: nharjo@rsic.org
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
To: nhardjo@rsic.org; carthene@reno.gov; htobey@rsic.og
Subject: defamation lawsuit/wrongful arrest/perjury under color of state law arrest.
Date: Mon, 12 Dec 2011 22:07:47 -0800
Dear RSIC Police and Ms. Carthen,
Please provide me a copy of the video cd/dvd that Walmart's Frontino handed 00488
17 of 19 1/29/2012 10:01 PM

your two Officers, Kameron Crawford and Braunworth when they were
escorting the suspect from the interrogation room in RMC 11 CR 22176. I
don't care if you think the tape/disc is not probative. I want it. Plus I want all
the dispatch tapes, especially where Kameron is calling in the suspect's
driver's license (which he testified the suspect refused to give him, but darn
it, its right there on the interrogation room footage, Kameron being givent he
driver's license card. Then the walmart guy Frontino testifies there was not
footage other than the interrogation room footage, yet he clearly hands the
two RSIC officers a cd/dvd when there are leaving the room. I am still
bothered that Sargent Avansino stonewalled me on the discovery for a whole
month following the arrest.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin
<robertsp@reno.gov>
Date: Sun, 4 Dec 2011 04:05:27 -0800
DID CONTAIN A FriggING SECOND OF VIDEO SHOWING ANY OF
00489

18 of 19 1/29/2012 10:01 PM

AND FILE MY MOTIONS.
preceding 30 minutes in the hallway in front of the court room, like a group
of 3 buddies who hang out all the time, except, 2 get paid by you, and one
gets paid by Wal-Mart, who pay the people who pay you. Then all three of
them wait around the hear the verdict at 8 pm hours after Frontino and
Crawford finished testifying. Maybe the don't realize J udge Howard wasn't
ruling on the Appeal, the Rule 59, 60 motions, Motion for Reconsideration,
defamation, wrongful arrest, false imprisonment lawsuits, etc. Fix it now
00490
19 of 19 1/29/2012 10:01 PM

while you can. Wait till I get the video from Walmart that Frontino is hiding
from you, and don't you just want to know if some "other" audio or
video exists of the interrogation.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV
fax: 949 667 7402
00491
1 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

Hotmail Print Message http://by148w.bay148.mail.live.com/mail/PrintMessages.aspx?cpids=dd...
Sent: Fri 11/11/11 1:40 AM
Dear Counselor Roberts,
I believe you are the prosecutor for the case against me, State v. Coughlin,
which I believe is still set for trial on November 14th, I think at 1pm. I am
not totally sure that there is a duty to serve you on such a thing, but I filed a
Motion for Continuance and a Motion for Appointment of Counsel
sometime within about the last 10 days, I would say. I believe I attempted to
copy you on it, but have recently been evicted and its been a very difficult
time in terms of coordinating paperwork, etc., etc. I apologize for any
inconvenience this may have cause you. I am unsure of whether the
November 14th trial is still set to take place. I believe fairness dictates that it
be continued to a later date. I have request counsel but have yet to receive
any, or wait, I was denied a request to receive counsel because J udge Howard
said there is not a 6th amendment right to counsel where, even though jail
time is technically a possibility, the state does not anticipate seeking jail
time...or something like that, however, I found some cases that say I should
still get counsel appointed, especially where I show I am indigent, and I
believe I qualify as indigent rather easily. Can and would you agree to a
continuance? I believe I tried to contact about this prior to filing my Request
for a Continuance. I maintain my innocence in this case and feel any sort of
conviction, especially one involving any sort of theft based charge, would
work a terrible injustice and greatly damage my reputation and employment
prospects. I want a jury trial, too.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
00492
2 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

privilege.
Sent: Wed 11/16/11 3:35 PM
Ms. Roberts,
Thanks for your reply. Please ascertain from Walmart whether any Walmart
employees had, previous to this incident, made any threats respecting
maliciously having the accused banned from Walmart's incident to a
disagreement over Walmart staff and managers curious practice of
"forgetting" their return policy, despite some individuals having worked there
over 10 years....Further, I believe it relevant and part of your duty to provide
exculpatory information to ascertain whether the RSIC police officer made
statements wherein he attempted to coerce a consent to an impermissible
search and further buttressed his probable cause finding to conduct a search
incident to arrest, expressly, in words, to the accused, upon the accused's
failure to consent to such a search.
Please provide a list of any witnesses you intend to call at trial, including a
summation of the matters the will testify to, in addition to producing a copy
or making available for reproduction any documentation, audio, video, or
other materials intended to be used in any way at trial.
Thank You,
00493
3 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

Date: Mon, 14 Nov 2011 10:36:45 -0800
Mr. Coughlin, we were closed on Friday and I have just read your email. I f you have not received confirmation
from the Court that your trial date has been continued, you will need to appear this afternoon at 1:00 pm in
Courtroom B of the Reno Municipal Court. We can discuss your case further at that time and if we are unable to
case.
I hope your housing situation improves. See you this afternoon. Pam Roberts, Deputy City Attorney.
Date: Fri, 11 Nov 2011 01:40:53 -0800
sometime within about the last 10 days, I would say. I believe I attempted
to copy you on it, but have recently been evicted and its been a very
difficult time in terms of coordinating paperwork, etc., etc. I apologize for
any inconvenience this may have cause you. I am unsure of whether the
November 14th trial is still set to take place. I believe fairness dictates that
it be continued to a later date. I have request counsel but have yet to receive
any, or wait, I was denied a request to receive counsel because J udge
Howard said there is not a 6th amendment right to counsel where, even
though jail time is technically a possibility, the state does not anticipate
seeking jail time...or something like that, however, I found some cases that
say I should still get counsel appointed, especially where I show I am
indigent, and I believe I qualify as indigent rather easily. Can and would
you agree to a continuance? I believe I tried to contact about this prior to
filing my Request for a Continuance. I maintain my innocence in this case
00494
4 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

and feel any sort of conviction, especially one involving any sort of theft
based charge, would work a terrible injustice and greatly damage my
reputation and employment prospects. I want a jury trial, too.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
Sent: Wed 11/16/11 5:30 PM
Thanks Ms. Roberts,
Can you tell me who the three witnesses are that showed up on November
14th, 2011 for trial at 1pm? I did obtain a copy of the "discovery" about the
second day it was made available to me from your office in person. At that
time, no video evidence was made available to me. Is there now some video
or audio recording to which I may be provided access? Would you mind just
emailing me the names of the intended witnesses. Do you believe you do not
have a duty to make a reasonably diligent inquiry of either Walmart or RSIC
00495
5 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

do assess the validity of the matters mentioned in my last email, ie the
retaliatory motive vis a vis Walmart and or the impermissible search/ 42 USC
Sec 1983 police misconduct of the RSIC officers?
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
Licensed in Nevada
privilege.
Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 17:12:21 -0800
copies of all the reports and witness statements and video we may have on this case. Since I am not calling any
additional witnesses that are not already mentioned in the reports/statements, I am not obligated to send you
an additional list of witnesses. I am also not obligated to do any further investigation or interviews. Pam
Roberts.
00496
6 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 15:35:48 -0800
Ms. Roberts,
Thanks for your reply. Please ascertain from Walmart whether any Walmart
employees had, previous to this incident, made any threats respecting
maliciously having the accused banned from Walmart's incident to a
disagreement over Walmart staff and managers curious practice of
"forgetting" their return policy, despite some individuals having worked
there over 10 years....Further, I believe it relevant and part of your duty to
provide exculpatory information to ascertain whether the RSIC police
officer made statements wherein he attempted to coerce a consent to an
impermissible search and further buttressed his probable cause finding to
conduct a search incident to arrest, expressly, in words, to the accused, upon
the accused's failure to consent to such a search.
summation of the matters the will testify to, in addition to producing a copy
or making available for reproduction any documentation, audio, video, or
other materials intended to be used in any way at trial.
Thank You,
Date: Mon, 14 Nov 2011 10:36:45 -0800
Mr. Coughlin, we were closed on Friday and I have just read your email. I f you have not received
confirmation from the Court that your trial date has been continued, you will need to appear this afternoon at
1:00 pm in Courtroom B of the Reno Municipal Court. We can discuss your case further at that time and if we
the Court is not required to appoint you an attorney. I n addition, you have no right to a jury trial in
a misdemeanor case.
00497
7 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

Date: Fri, 11 Nov 2011 01:40:53 -0800
not totally sure that there is a duty to serve you on such a thing, but I filed
a Motion for Continuance and a Motion for Appointment of Counsel
November 14th trial is still set to take place. I believe fairness dictates
that it be continued to a later date. I have request counsel but have yet to
receive any, or wait, I was denied a request to receive counsel because
Judge Howard said there is not a 6th amendment right to counsel where,
even though jail time is technically a possibility, the state does not
anticipate seeking jail time...or something like that, however, I found some
cases that say I should still get counsel appointed, especially where I show
I am indigent, and I believe I qualify as indigent rather easily. Can and
would you agree to a continuance? I believe I tried to contact about this
prior to filing my Request for a Continuance. I maintain my innocence in
this case and feel any sort of conviction, especially one involving any sort
of theft based charge, would work a terrible injustice and greatly damage
my reputation and employment prospects. I want a jury trial, too.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
** Notice** This message and accompanying documents are covered by the electronic Communications Privacy Act,
18 U.S.C. 2510-2521, and may contain confidential information intended for the specified individual (s) only. If you
are not the intended recipient or an agent responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, you are hereby notified
00498
8 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

that you have received this document in error and that any review, dissemination, copying, or the taking of any action
based on the contents of this information is strictly prohibited. This message is confidential, intended only for the
please notify the sender, delete this e-mail from your computer, and destroy any copies in any form
Sent: Thu 11/17/11 3:37 PM
Dear Ms. Roberts,
Sincerely,
Zach
Sent: Mon 11/21/11 1:05 PM
Dear Ms. Roberts,
I wish to obtain a copy of the video and will go the your office's lobby
shortly hoping to be provided one. Please respond to me regarding my
request from a continuance.
Sincerely,
00499
9 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
Licensed in Nevada
privilege.
Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2011 07:40:44 -0800
employee) and Officers Crawford and Braunworth from the Reno Sparks Indian Colony Police. I obtained the
video at the first trial date from the Walmart employee and it is available for you to view or get a copy. You
may want to view it at the City Attorney's Office as the CD doesn't seem to work on everyone's computer. Penie
Colter will be able to assist you. I am not clear on what you think my duty is, but I know what my duty is and I
will not debate it via email. Pam Roberts, Deputy City Attorney.
Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 17:30:36 -0800
Thanks Ms. Roberts,
14th, 2011 for trial at 1pm? I did obtain a copy of the "discovery" about the
second day it was made available to me from your office in person. At that
time, no video evidence was made available to me. Is there now some
00500
10 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

video or audio recording to which I may be provided access? Would you
mind just emailing me the names of the intended witnesses. Do you believe
you do not have a duty to make a reasonably diligent inquiry of either
Walmart or RSIC do assess the validity of the matters mentioned in my last
email, ie the retaliatory motive vis a vis Walmart and or the impermissible
search/ 42 USC Sec 1983 police misconduct of the RSIC officers?
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
Licensed in Nevada
Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 17:12:21 -0800
copies of all the reports and witness statements and video we may have on this case. Since I am not calling
any additional witnesses that are not already mentioned in the reports/statements, I am not obligated to send
you an additional list of witnesses. I am also not obligated to do any further investigation or interviews. Pam
Roberts.
00501
11 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 15:35:48 -0800
Ms. Roberts,
Thanks for your reply. Please ascertain from Walmart whether any
Walmart employees had, previous to this incident, made any threats
respecting maliciously having the accused banned from Walmart's incident
to a disagreement over Walmart staff and managers curious practice of
"forgetting" their return policy, despite some individuals having worked
there over 10 years....Further, I believe it relevant and part of your duty to
provide exculpatory information to ascertain whether the RSIC police
officer made statements wherein he attempted to coerce a consent to an
impermissible search and further buttressed his probable cause finding to
conduct a search incident to arrest, expressly, in words, to the accused,
upon the accused's failure to consent to such a search.
summation of the matters the will testify to, in addition to producing a
copy or making available for reproduction any documentation, audio,
video, or other materials intended to be used in any way at trial.
Thank You,
Date: Mon, 14 Nov 2011 10:36:45 -0800
confirmation from the Court that your trial date has been continued, you will need to appear this afternoon
at 1:00 pm in Courtroom B of the Reno Municipal Court. We can discuss your case further at that time and
the Court is not required to appoint you an attorney. I n addition, you have no right to a jury trial in
a misdemeanor case.
00502
12 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

Date: Fri, 11 Nov 2011 01:40:53 -0800
I believe you are the prosecutor for the case against me, State v.
Coughlin, which I believe is still set for trial on November 14th, I think
at 1pm. I am not totally sure that there is a duty to serve you on such a
thing, but I filed a Motion for Continuance and a Motion for
Appointment of Counsel sometime within about the last 10 days, I would
say. I believe I attempted to copy you on it, but have recently been
evicted and its been a very difficult time in terms of coordinating
paperwork, etc., etc. I apologize for any inconvenience this may have
cause you. I am unsure of whether the November 14th trial is still set to
take place. I believe fairness dictates that it be continued to a later date.
I have request counsel but have yet to receive any, or wait, I was denied a
request to receive counsel because Judge Howard said there is not a 6th
amendment right to counsel where, even though jail time is technically a
possibility, the state does not anticipate seeking jail time...or something
like that, however, I found some cases that say I should still get counsel
appointed, especially where I show I am indigent, and I believe I qualify
as indigent rather easily. Can and would you agree to a continuance? I
believe I tried to contact about this prior to filing my Request for a
Continuance. I maintain my innocence in this case and feel any sort of
conviction, especially one involving any sort of theft based charge,
would work a terrible injustice and greatly damage my reputation and
employment prospects. I want a jury trial, too.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
00503
13 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

18 U.S.C. 2510-2521, and may contain confidential information intended for the specified individual (s) only. If
you are not the intended recipient or an agent responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, you are hereby
notified that you have received this document in error and that any review, dissemination, copying, or the taking of
any action based on the contents of this information is strictly prohibited. This message is confidential, intended
exempt from disclosure under applicable law. If you are not the intended recipient(s), you are notified that
named recipient(s), please notify the sender, delete this e-mail from your computer, and destroy any copies
in any form immediately. Receipt by anyone other than the named recipient(s) is not a waiver of any
Sent: Mon 11/21/11 4:06 PM
Dear J udge Howard Deputy City Attorney Roberts,
I have been evicted and perhaps subject to an illegal lockout and unlawful
rent distraint by an attorney representing my Beverly Hills High School
graduate California Neurosurgeon landlord, who has spent approx $30,000 in
attorneys fees pursuing a summary eviction, and whose attorney is
withholding my state issued indentification, wallet, and all materials
necessary to my law practice all in an unlawful rent distraint prohibited by
NRS 40.460 and 40.520. I am pursuing a continuance of the upcoming
hearing/trial, I cannot even access when that hearing is. I have informed
opposing counsel Roberts of some of the issues which will require extensive
discovery, a jury trial, and more time to afford myself a legitimate
opportunity to defend this case. I have not been served any Order responding
to my request for appointment of counsel, as I believe it is required even if
the State does not "intend" to seek jail time, where any incarceration is a
possibility, the Sixth Amendment guarantees it.
00504
14 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

Please note that my temporary address for now is:
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
c/o Silver Dollar Motel
817 N. Virginia St., Unit #2
Reno, NV 89501
The opposing counsel in the summary eviction matter is withholding my
phone as well and refusing to allow me to access any mail that may remain at
the property from those times when the USPS was processing my official
Change of Address. Email is the best way to get in contact with me during
this transition period.
For instance, I am unware whether my Motion for Appointment of Counsel
was granted or not. I called J udge Howard's assistant and requested that she
email me the docket in this case and any pleadings or orders filed, including
any order that may have stemmed form any of my previous motions, as I am
not sure how those were ruled on. I believe my internet based fax service
will allow me to receive those materials at my number 949 667 7402, though
I would prefer email, but I know many governmental entities prefer to fax
such items. I am requesting a jury trial, a substantial continuance, and the
appointment of counsel. I object to the RMC's practice of refusing to tell
litigants who the 4 "house" appointed defenders are upon questioning.
Further, it has become clear that some of these "former prosecutors" who are
now the gang of four "house" defenders, do not even announce to accused
arraignees that they are, in fact, the defender or an attorney or that they may
be representing the arraignees. I am hereby filing a motion in limine
regarding any materials or information gleaned from the unlawful search by
the RSIC Officer, who clearly announced that they would base their probable
cause to arrest and conduct a search incident to arrest upon any failure to
consent to a search by the accused. Further, the alleged conduct did not
occur in the Officer's presence, and I believe there exists authority preventing
a minor misdemeanor arrest and transport under those circumstances.
Additionally, more time is needed to conduct discovery in this matter,
especially in light of allegations that Walmart had previously threatened
individuals, including, perhaps, the accused, with retaliatory action, including
illicit abuse of process, for the purported attempts by someone to have the
00505
15 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

Walmart Return Policy enforced, and to hold accountable all Walmart
employees and managers, some of whom have over a decade experience in
their positions, who curiously "forget" they Return Policy Walmart holds out
to the public when it is convenient to do so, the same Return Policy that
Walmart used to drive out of business so many competitors. Further, this
case is likely to get extremely complicated given the apparent conflict of
interest stemming from the fact that the Walmart in question is on land
owned by the RSIC, which may own or employ the RSIC police, and which
is rented or owned in part by Walmart.
I know Opposing Counsel Roberts may appreciate a continuance as well and
the opportunity it would afford her to fulfill her NRCP 11 duty and other
prosecutorial duties to conduct a reasonably diligent inquiry into these
matters.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin
privilege.
Sent: Mon 11/21/11 7:18 PM
00506
16 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
Licensed in Nevada
privilege.
Date: Mon, 14 Nov 2011 10:36:45 -0800
Mr. Coughlin, we were closed on Friday and I have just read your email. I f you have not received confirmation
case.
00507
17 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

Date: Fri, 11 Nov 2011 01:40:53 -0800
November 14th trial is still set to take place. I believe fairness dictates that
it be continued to a later date. I have request counsel but have yet to receive
any, or wait, I was denied a request to receive counsel because J udge
Howard said there is not a 6th amendment right to counsel where, even
though jail time is technically a possibility, the state does not anticipate
seeking jail time...or something like that, however, I found some cases that
say I should still get counsel appointed, especially where I show I am
indigent, and I believe I qualify as indigent rather easily. Can and would
you agree to a continuance? I believe I tried to contact about this prior to
filing my Request for a Continuance. I maintain my innocence in this case
and feel any sort of conviction, especially one involving any sort of theft
based charge, would work a terrible injustice and greatly damage my
reputation and employment prospects. I want a jury trial, too.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
00508
18 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

Sent: Mon 11/21/11 8:40 PM
Hi Ms. Roberts,
Sorry, don't mean to be a pain, but I DON'T AGREE to this Verint software
policy...its calls for allowign them to inspect my office and paying them for
their inspection fees and all this other stuff that is so unduly oppressive. Its
just an AVI file, its as though they disable it just for the purpose of preventing
you from watching the movie unless you agree to their oppressive, onerous,
contract terms, and how does this benefit taxpayers? Authentication issues
can be addressed through the traditional means, I don't see the value add.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
Licensed in Nevada
00509
19 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

privilege.
Sent: Tue 11/29/11 1:33 PM
Dear Ms. Roberts,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
00510
20 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

privilege.
Date: Tue, 22 Nov 2011 07:59:37 -0800
court date, I have told you that you can come to our office and view the video. I f you still want a copy, I
the video available to you. Pam Roberts, Deputy City Attorney.
Date: Mon, 21 Nov 2011 13:05:28 -0800
Dear Ms. Roberts,
I wish to obtain a copy of the video and will go the your office's lobby
shortly hoping to be provided one. Please respond to me regarding my
request from a continuance.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
121 River Rock St.
00511
21 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
Licensed in Nevada
Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2011 07:40:44 -0800
may want to view it at the City Attorney's Office as the CD doesn't seem to work on everyone's computer.
Penie Colter will be able to assist you. I am not clear on what you think my duty is, but I know what my duty
is and I will not debate it via email. Pam Roberts, Deputy City Attorney.
Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 17:30:36 -0800
Thanks Ms. Roberts,
14th, 2011 for trial at 1pm? I did obtain a copy of the "discovery" about
the second day it was made available to me from your office in person. At
that time, no video evidence was made available to me. Is there now some
video or audio recording to which I may be provided access? Would you
00512
22 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

mind just emailing me the names of the intended witnesses. Do you
believe you do not have a duty to make a reasonably diligent inquiry of
either Walmart or RSIC do assess the validity of the matters mentioned in
my last email, ie the retaliatory motive vis a vis Walmart and or the
impermissible search/ 42 USC Sec 1983 police misconduct of the RSIC
officers?
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
Licensed in Nevada
Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 17:12:21 -0800
to copies of all the reports and witness statements and video we may have on this case. Since I am not
calling any additional witnesses that are not already mentioned in the reports/statements, I am not
obligated to send you an additional list of witnesses. I am also not obligated to do any further investigation
or interviews. Pam Roberts.
00513
23 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 15:35:48 -0800
Ms. Roberts,
Thanks for your reply. Please ascertain from Walmart whether any
Walmart employees had, previous to this incident, made any threats
respecting maliciously having the accused banned from Walmart's
incident to a disagreement over Walmart staff and managers curious
practice of "forgetting" their return policy, despite some individuals
having worked there over 10 years....Further, I believe it relevant and
part of your duty to provide exculpatory information to ascertain whether
the RSIC police officer made statements wherein he attempted to coerce
a consent to an impermissible search and further buttressed his probable
cause finding to conduct a search incident to arrest, expressly, in words,
to the accused, upon the accused's failure to consent to such a search.
Please provide a list of any witnesses you intend to call at trial, including
a summation of the matters the will testify to, in addition to producing a
copy or making available for reproduction any documentation, audio,
video, or other materials intended to be used in any way at trial.
Thank You,
Date: Mon, 14 Nov 2011 10:36:45 -0800
confirmation from the Court that your trial date has been continued, you will need to appear this
afternoon at 1:00 pm in Courtroom B of the Reno Municipal Court. We can discuss your case further at
so the Court is not required to appoint you an attorney. I n addition, you have no right to a jury trial in
a misdemeanor case.
00514
24 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

Date: Fri, 11 Nov 2011 01:40:53 -0800
I believe you are the prosecutor for the case against me, State v.
Coughlin, which I believe is still set for trial on November 14th, I think
at 1pm. I am not totally sure that there is a duty to serve you on such a
thing, but I filed a Motion for Continuance and a Motion for
Appointment of Counsel sometime within about the last 10 days, I
would say. I believe I attempted to copy you on it, but have recently
been evicted and its been a very difficult time in terms of coordinating
paperwork, etc., etc. I apologize for any inconvenience this may have
cause you. I am unsure of whether the November 14th trial is still set to
take place. I believe fairness dictates that it be continued to a later
date. I have request counsel but have yet to receive any, or wait, I was
denied a request to receive counsel because J udge Howard said there is
not a 6th amendment right to counsel where, even though jail time is
technically a possibility, the state does not anticipate seeking jail
time...or something like that, however, I found some cases that say I
should still get counsel appointed, especially where I show I am
indigent, and I believe I qualify as indigent rather easily. Can and
would you agree to a continuance? I believe I tried to contact about this
prior to filing my Request for a Continuance. I maintain my innocence
in this case and feel any sort of conviction, especially one involving any
sort of theft based charge, would work a terrible injustice and greatly
damage my reputation and employment prospects. I want a jury trial,
too.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
00515
25 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

775 338 8118
Sent: Tue 11/29/11 3:14 PM
1 attachment
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
00516
26 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

privilege.
Date: Tue, 22 Nov 2011 17:22:45 -0800
Dear J udge Howard,
My apologies Your Honor. I have had an unlawful rent distraint applied to all
my office equipment and the files necessary to defend this case and produce
motions, incident to a summary eviction stemming from a lease that was at
least in part commercial, had a rent escrow deposit forced upon me in
violation of Nevada Law, had all my computers printers, everything subject
to the distraint. I have a netbook it won't accept a printer and on and on. I
apologize. I do note that the RMC rules allow for filing by facsimile, though
I gather not to the fax number listed for yoru chambers at www.nvbar.org.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin,
6:49 mark
Sent: Sun 12/04/11 3:37 AM
00517
27 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

I want you to move for a Rule 59 Motion to Set Aside or some other motion
to have the J udgment Set Aside. Your cop witness clearly had a driver's
license produced to him at the 6:49 mark of YOUR OWN DAMN VIDEO!
the prosecutorial codes you are held to and NRCP 11. Furher, what are you
going to say when the UPC from the alleged receipt appears on the purchased
receipt, in combination with Frontino's adamant assertion that they wouldn't,
in combination with the same from Crawford, in combination with Frontino
cashier, in combination with the "same UPC, hit the quanity number" practice
common at Walmart? Further, your own witness admitted on tape at the trial
that "he didn't have enough EVIDENCE to issue a citation so he arrested and
did a search incident to arrest" before you and Judge Howard could jump in
and cut him off. That's gametime. I will avalanche you with motion and
lawsuits if you don't fix this defamation you funded and supported, what with
you little 30 minutes witness coaching session that kept all the other litigants
waiting from 1:00 to 1:30 while you called in Frontino, Crawford, and
Braunworth. Wait till I get the video from Walmart that Frontino is hiding
from you, and don't you just want to know if some audio exists of the
interrogation.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
00518
28 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

privilege.
6:49 mark
Sent: Sun 12/04/11 3:45 AM
"information" to issue a citation, and how, because they didn't, they had to
conduct a search incident to arrest, yet YOUR OWN DAMN VIDEO, THAT
YOU EFFING PRODUCED! SHOWS THE ACCUSED HANDING THEM
A DRIVERS LICENSE AND THEM CALLING IT IN TO CHECK FOR
PRIORS (THAT WILL SHOW UP IN DISPATCH REPORTS AND OTHER
DEFAMED ME AND YOU SPONSORED IT, CULTIVATED IT, AND
SMUGLY TALK SMACK TO ME IN COURT ABOUT MY NEEDING TO
USE THE BATHROOM AND HOW YOU HAVE "HAD TWO KIDS AND
CAN HOLD MY BLADDER" GENDER SEXUAL HARRASSMENT. I
GET EVICTED (WRONGLY, COMMERCIAL LEASES PRECLUDE
SUMMARY EVICTION WHERE NO CAUSE EVICTION NOTICES ARE
ALL THAT IS SERVED) BY THE RICHARD G. HILL GANGBANG
EXPRESS, WHILE BEING ASSAULTED BY NEVADA COURT
SERVICES, WHICH LISTS MY COURT APPOINTED ATTORNEY LEW
TAITEL AS "ASSOCIATED WITH" ON THE NEVADA COURT
SERVICES WEB SITE, LEW AGREES TO A CONTINUANCE OF THE
TRESPASS TRIAL BECAUSE RICHARD HILL NEEDS TO GO ON A
VACATION, BUT I CAN'T GET A FUCKING CONTINUANCE WHERE
RICHARD HILL IS APPLYING AN UNLAWFUL RENT DISTRAINT TO
MY EVIDENCE TO DEFEND AGAINST THIS BULLSHIT FUCKING
00519
29 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

WALMART FIASCO! THEN AFTER TAITEL AGRESS TO A
CONTINUANCE, ONLY THEN AFTER REVIEWING MY PERSONAL
FILE, HE FIGURES OUT I AM SUING HIM, OR AT LEAST NEVADA
COURTS SERVICES. SOMEBODY PUT A NICE COLLECTION OF
VIDEOS UP ON YOUTUBE ABOUT IT, SOME CRAZY
DOCUMENTARY FILMMAKER. YOU OUGHT TO BE ASHAMED.
I CAN GIVE YOU UNTIL TUESDAY, AFTER THAT, I HAVE TO MAKE
MY MOVES AND FILE MY MOTIONS.
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
Date: Sun, 4 Dec 2011 03:37:24 -0800
I want you to move for a Rule 59 Motion to Set Aside or some other motion
to have the J udgment Set Aside. Your cop witness clearly had a driver's
license produced to him at the 6:49 mark of YOUR OWN DAMN VIDEO!
00520
30 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

the prosecutorial codes you are held to and NRCP 11. Furher, what are you
going to say when the UPC from the alleged receipt appears on the purchased
receipt, in combination with Frontino's adamant assertion that they wouldn't,
in combination with the same from Crawford, in combination with Frontino
cashier, in combination with the "same UPC, hit the quanity number" practice
common at Walmart? Further, your own witness admitted on tape at the trial
that "he didn't have enough EVIDENCE to issue a citation so he arrested and
did a search incident to arrest" before you and Judge Howard could jump in
and cut him off. That's gametime. I will avalanche you with motion and
lawsuits if you don't fix this defamation you funded and supported, what with
you little 30 minutes witness coaching session that kept all the other litigants
waiting from 1:00 to 1:30 while you called in Frontino, Crawford, and
Braunworth. Wait till I get the video from Walmart that Frontino is hiding
from you, and don't you just want to know if some audio exists of the
interrogation.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
00521
31 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

privilege.
6:49 mark
Sent: Sun 12/04/11 4:05 AM
"information" (their definition included personally identifiable information to
identify the accused sufficiently to issue a citation, A CURRENT NEVADA'S
DRIVERS LICENSE WOULD DO JUST FINE ON THAT ACCOUNT) to
issue a citation, and how, because they didn't, they had to conduct a search
incident to arrest, yet YOUR OWN DAMN VIDEO (OR RATHER,
WALMART'S, BUT ITS HARD TO SEE WHERE YOU GUYS END AND
WALMART BEGINS), THAT YOU EFFING PRODUCED (OR RATHER
THE RENO CITY ATTORNEY PRODUCED AFTER THE BOYS AT
WALMART "COMPILED" VIDEO, WHICH CURIOUSLY DID CONTAIN
A FUCKING SECOND OF VIDEO SHOWING ANY OF THE ALLEGED
CONCEALING OR CONSUMING THE ITEMS IN QUESTION! SHOWS
THE ACCUSED HANDING THEM A DRIVERS LICENSE AND THEM
CALLING IT IN TO CHECK FOR PRIORS (THAT WILL SHOW UP IN
DISPATCH REPORTS AND OTHER DOCUMENTATION). THESE
KEYSTONE COP EFFUPS HAVE DEFAMED ME AND YOU
SPONSORED IT, CULTIVATED IT.
I CAN GIVE YOU UNTIL TUESDAY TO MAKE A STRONG EFFORT TO
CORRECT THIS, AFTER THAT, I HAVE TO MAKE MY MOVES AND
FILE MY MOTIONS. JUDGE VAN WALRAVEN WOULD BE
00522
32 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

say when the UPC from the alleged receipt appears on the purchased receipt,
in combination with Frontino's adamant assertion that they wouldn't, in
combination with the same from Crawford, in combination with Frontino
cashier, in combination with the "same UPC, hit the quantity number"
practice common at Walmart? Further, your Officer Crawford, as a witness,
admitted on tape at the trial that "he didn't have enough EVIDENCE to issue
a citation so he arrested and did a search incident to arrest" to get more
evidence before Reno City Attorney Roberts and Judge Howard could jump
in and cut him off. That's gametime. Frontino, Crawford, and Braunworth,
sat around joking like goofy frat boys the preceeding 30 minutes in the
hallway in front of the court room, like a group of 3 buddies who hang out all
the time, except, 2 get paid by you, and one gets paid by Wal-Mart, who pay
the people who pay you. Then all three of them wait around the hear the
verdict at 8 pm hours after Frontino and Crawford finished testifying.
Maybe the don't realize Judge Howard wasn't ruling on the Appeal, the Rule
59, 60 motions, Motion for Reconsideration, defamation, wrongful arrest,
false imprisonment lawsuits, etc. Fix it now while you can. Wait till I get the
video from Walmart that Frontino is hiding from you, and don't you just want
to know if some "other" audio or video exists of the interrogation.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
Licensed in Nevada and USPTO 00523
33 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

privilege.
discovery request;
Sent: Wed 12/07/11 1:16 AM
Dear Ms. Roberts,
In the discovery you provided in this matter there is a fax from the RSIC to
you that has a fax heading for what appears to be "page 1" followed by pages
without that heading...then a heading with "page 4" etc... I want the entire
contents of anything provided by the RSIC and Walmart to you or anyone
connected with the Reno City Attorney or the Reno Municipal Court.
Further, I want all media provided by Walmart, and I question why you
needed 45 minutes with the three witness who testified at the November 30th,
2011 trial, from 1pm to 1:45pm. Additionally, you are hereby served a
NRCP 11 motion requiring you to correct the perjury you suborned in court
with respect to the patently contradictory testimony of Officer Crawford vis a
vis the video evidence you yourself provided in discovery.
Further, I spoke with Mr. Hazlett-Stevens shortly after the September 9, 2011
arrest in this matter demanding a copy of all documentation or discovery that
I had any right to. I was told I would not have any opportunity to review
such materials prior to the arraignment, which was not set for a full 30 days
00524
34 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

out from the arrest. Do I not have a right to a copy of the pc sheet, arrest
report, and witness statements within 48 hours of the arrest? The fax to your
office from the RSIC is dated 9/12/2011, yet my written demands and
requests for such discovery and documentation were met with refusals to
provide such materials, and, in some case, claims that your office did not
even have such materials and would not get them until after the arraignment.
Further, I spoke with and provided written requests to RSIC Sargent
Avansino within 2 days after the arrest and he refused to provide the
materials, as did the Reno Municipal Court. Please alert the court to any
wrongdoing on your's or the Reno City Attorney or the RSIC part in this
regard in prejudicing my ability to defend my case by delaying the
production of essential discovery, then refusing to agree to a continuance at
trial, after earlier providing a written agreement to such a continuance.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
00525
35 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

Sent: Thu 12/08/11 3:44 PM
Mr. Hazlett-Stevens,
We did definately talk on the phone regarding the matter to which I do not
have representation, the RSIC arrest case 11 DR 22176 2I for which Deputy
City Attorney Pam Roberts is the prosecutor. I was denied my Sixth
Amendment right to court appointed defense counsel in that matter, and
represented myself. As such, there is no rule precluded you from
communicating with me about 11 DR 22176 2I. You did speak with me
about that. I called you within a couple days of the September 9th, 2011
arrest in that matter describing my exigent desire to obtain a copy of the
discovery. I was transferred to you and we spoke at length about it, you
describing why you could not give it to me. Is it your contention that your
office or the State does not have a duty to provide the defendant a copy of
certain pieces of discovery within 48 hours of arrest?
Regarding the matter for which Mr. Puentes took the baton from Mr. Taitel, is
it clear to you how Mr. Taitel was somehow, apparently, able to assent to a
continuance, only to, apparently, find some need to pass the baton to Mr.
Puentes very, very shortly thereafter? Why did Mr. Taitel's status as attorney
of record change? Was it due to a conflict? Why didn't that conflict prevent
Mr. Taitel from abstaining from assenting to the continuance in the trespass
case, which was scheduled for trial December 13, 2011?
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
00526
36 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
Date: Wed, 7 Dec 2011 07:34:25 -0800
Thank you,
Chris
City of Reno
Tel: 326-6628
Fax: 334-4226
ATTORNEY-CLI ENT PRIVILEGED
attached to this e-mail transmission is STRICTLY PROHI BI TED. I f you have received this transmission in error,
00527
37 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

Date: Wed, 7 Dec 2011 01:48:03 -0800
I am writing to request a copy of any and all discovery, pleadings, documentation,
correspondences, or media in any way connected to the trespass case against me for which
Lew Taitel was apparently my court appointed attorney, but whom no longer is. Further, I
wish to be copied on everything past and present in any way related to this matter until
and after I procure another attorney. I did not agree to the continuance you sought, nor
was I informed you were seeking it. I find it particularly troubling that a continuance was
granted in the trespass case to the same man who is applying an unlawful rent distraint on
both my client files, personal property, AND THE EXCLUPATING EVIDENCE I NEED
SUBORNING THE PERJ URY OF RSIC OFFICER KAMERON CRAWFORD.
In the discovery your office provided in the petit larceny matter Ms. Roberts prosecuted
against me there is a fax from the RSIC to you that has a fax heading for what appears to
be "page 1" followed by pages without that heading...then a heading with "page 4" etc... I
want the entire contents of anything provided by the RSIC and Walmart to you or anyone
connected with the Reno City Attorney or the Reno Municipal Court. Further, I want all
media provided by Walmart, and I question why you needed 45 minutes with the three
witness who testified at the November 30th, 2011 trial, from 1pm to 1:45pm.
Additionally, you are hereby served a NRCP 11 motion requiring you to correct the
perjury you suborned in court with respect to the patently contradictory testimony of
Officer Crawford vis a vis the video evidence you yourself provided in discovery.
Further, I spoke with you, Mr. Hazlett-Stevens, shortly after the September 9, 2011 arrest
in this matter demanding a copy of all documentation or discovery that I had any right to.
I was told I would not have any opportunity to review such materials prior to the
arraignment, which was not set for a full 30 days out from the arrest. Do I not have a
right to a copy of the pc sheet, arrest report, and witness statements within 48 hours of the
00528
38 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

arrest? The fax to your office from the RSIC is dated 9/12/2011, yet my written demands
and requests for such discovery and documentation were met with refusals to provide such
materials, and, in some case, claims that your office did not even have such materials and
would not get them until after the arraignment. Further, I spoke with and provided written
requests to RSIC Sargent Avansino within 2 days after the arrest and he refused to provide
the materials, as did the Reno Municipal Court. Please alert the court to any wrongdoing
on your's or the Reno City Attorney or the RSIC part in this regard in prejudicing my
ability to defend my case by delaying the production of essential discovery, then refusing
to agree to a continuance at trial, after earlier providing a written agreement to such a
continuance.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
not the intended recipient or an agent responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, y ou are hereby notified that
Here is service of the Motion for a New Trial, Set Aside, Va
Sent: Mon 12/12/11 9:52 PM
To: hazlett-stevensc@reno.gov; robertsp@reno.gov; kadlicj@reno.gov
00529

39 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

Is it about time for you to get that CD/DVD that Walmar'ts AP guy Faustino
handed the two Reno Sparks Indian Colony officers when they were leading
the suspect away in cuffs...not the video you gave me of sling blade
badgering the lawyer I got those two videos you gave me which just the
badgering in the interrogation room. I am talking about the cd/dvd that
Walmart's guy gave them as they were walking out....Doesn't it seem like you
really need to get that now, to stay on the right side of Nifong? You
remember Nifong, don't you. Walmart ap guy sit there on the stand, under
penalty of perjury and testify that no video was collected in any way related
to me or this case aside from the 2 interrogation room videos you provided
(with a highly suspect 14mb "codec" program required to view the
videos....can you indicate why that is necessary to watch a simple old .avi
file?).
why did you suborn the perjury of both the walmart guy and the officers
regarding no other video existing? I can't figure that one out. Ms. Roberts,
don't you practice in RMC quite a bit? Maybe I am confused, but doesn't the
RMC rules permit serving a government attorney such as yourself via email?
What do you have against email? It is economical for those of use who don't
have such public largesse to work with. Here is service of the Motion for a
New Trial, Set Aside, Vacate, etc., etc:
https://skydrive.live.com/redir.aspx?cid=43084638f32f5f28&resid=43084638F32F5F28!1031&parid=root
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
00530
40 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

privilege.
Date: Mon,
FW: records request
Sent: Tue 12/13/11 4:02 PM
2 attachments
RECORD_REQUEST_FORM walmart RMC 11 CR 22176 IC 110627 trial cd and orders to RMC 12 8 11
signed.pdf (453.4 KB) , RECORD_REQUEST_FORM_2010[1] rmc trespass 11 13 11 records request 11 CR
22185 City of Reno v Coughlin signed.pdf (510.9 KB)
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
00531
41 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

Subject: records request
Date: Tue, 13 Dec 2011 16:02:02 -0800
fax number 949 667 7402
Dear Mr. Fisk,
I really need a copy of the audio of the Trial in 11 CR 22176 and a copy of
both the Contempt Order and the Guilty Verdict (Veronica said she would fax
one and that the RMC never sent or served me a paper copy beyond shoving
some papers in my fax when I was being handcuffed then taking them away
from me separately in a huff when I stated that I might like to know what it
was I was to sign or read it (or 6th Amendment, etc). However, I have
received no fax of those Orders as Veronica said she would send me
yesterday. She said it in an angry unprofessional tone and I am hereby
complaining in writing about that and Marshall Monte's angry threatening
tone and language to me at the arraingment of October 11, 2011. Please
place a copy of this in their personnel files and the record in both of my CR
RMC cases.
I was told by a RMC filing office counter clerk yesterday that I was not
allowed to get a copy of the audio of my 11 30, 2011 hearing before J udge
Howard, that I would only be able to get a transcript after using the one
transcriptionist the RMC approves of and after paying her a substantial
amount of money up front, but that ultimately, the audio would never be
made available to me.
Is this the case? Please respond in writing or email me a copy of the audio
files and the pdf's or whatever file type the Contempt Order and Guilty
Verdict etc, in 11 CR 22176 are in, in addition please provide the Motion to
Withdraw and Notice of appearance in 11 CR 22185 by Taitel and then
Puentes. I sent you the video exhibits with the same mysterious Verint codec
that the RMC provided me. Why a simple .avi file needs some mysterious
00532
42 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

codec that is about 13mb in size is truly a mystery to me.
12 11 11 Defendants Motion for New Trial, Set Aside, Vacate Judgment/Conviction of underlying crime and
Transcription at Public's Expense and Request for a copy of the audio recording of the Trial of 11 30, 2011 1:45
Additionally, I never received service of any Notice of Appearance nor a Motion to Withdraw by Lew Taitel, Esq.
telephone number.
granted."
fax number 949 667 7402
00533
43 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

tried before a Municipal Court J udge may appeal from the final judgment
for Reconsideration, or other Motion seeking relief from his 11 30 2011 rulings on account of his sua sponte, with
PROOF OF SERVICE:
further email her a copy of all the 12 11 11 MOtion for New Trial, etc. yesterday to:
Pamela G Roberts
Company: Reno City Attorney's Office - Criminal Divison
Reno
, NV
89505
Fax number: 775-334-2420
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
fax: 949 667 7402
00534
44 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

privilege.
RMC 11 CR 22176
Sent: Thu 12/15/11 11:59 PM
ZachCoughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
FAX COVER SHEET
00535
45 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

TO: .RMC et al
Dear RMC,
T
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
00536
46 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
FW: RMC 11 CR 22176
Sent: Fri 12/16/11 12:00 AM
1 attachment
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
00537
47 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
lopezv@reno.gov
Date: Thu, 15 Dec 2011 23:59:45 -0800
ZachCoughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
00538
48 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

FAX COVER SHEET
TO: .RMC et al
Dear RMC,
informed me there has been no Notice of Entry of Order in this matter at this point. 00539
49 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

T
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
emergency filings
Sent: Fri 12/16/11 7:55 AM
2 attachments
12 16 11 emergency filing with fax cover sheet rmc 11 cr 22176.pdf (330.0 KB) , fax cover sheet and
notice of denial of service clarification motion.pdf (202.1 KB)
00540
50 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
FW: 121 River Rock
Sent: Sat 12/17/11 12:15 AM
00541
51 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2011 15:43:38 -0800
Dear Mr. Baker,
00542
52 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2011 13:50:02 -0800
Mr. Coughlin:
00543
53 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

652 Forest Street
Reno, Nevada 89509
Phone: (775) 348-0888
Fax: (775) 348-0858
This e-mail may contain legally privileged or confidential information. If you arenot theintended recipient, please do not read, copy, use, or disclosethis
communication to anyone other than the intended recipient. If you havereceived thismessage in error, please notify thesender and delete theemail message from
To ensure compliancewith requirements imposed by theIRS, weinform you that any U.S. federal tax advice contained in thiscommunication (including any
attachments) isnot intended or written to be used, and cannot be used, for the purpose of (i) avoiding penalties under the Internal Revenue Code or (ii) promoting,
Sent: Mon 12/19/11 5:15 PM
1 attachment
00544
54 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
no reply from Transcriptionist
Sent: Wed 12/21/11 12:02 AM
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501 00545
55 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
Dear RMC,
It is my understanding the Judge Howard's order regarding email does not extend to the
address to which I am sending this correspondence: renomunirecords@reno.gov which is
the email address filing office supervisor Donna Ballard indicated to me was acceptable for
sending correspondence and filings to the RMC in lieu of faxes. I am writing because the
email address I was provided for RMC "official transcriptionist" Pam Longoni yielded a
"return to sender/failed transmission" message when I wrote to the email address provided
for her: plongoni@charter.net. Further, please see the forwarded email below that I sent to
Ms. Longoni. I have not received a return call from her regarding my recent messages to
her. I was told by a RMC filing office counter employee that I must get the transcript
through Ms. Longoni, as she is the "official transcriptionist" for the RMC. Please confirm
that I am no able to have another certified court reporter or transcriptionist create the
official transcript and indicate by what date this must be done, how it must be done, etc.
I was told by RMC filing office staff, including Ms. Ballard, that the RMC would not accept
any filings fees, bonds, or any other payments from me in relation to the underlying case 11
CR22176 2I or the appeal of that matter given that the RMC was holding the bail money I
paid into the court. If this is not the case or if I must pay anything into the RMC to ensure
that my appeal goes forward, please indicate as much in writing and with particularity. If I
am able to use any other transcriptionists and or the RMC has a list of such with contact
information, please provide such in writing.
Sincerely,
/s/Zach Coughlin
00546
56 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

privilege.
Date: Fri, 16 Dec 2011 22:44:37 -0800
Dear Ms. Longoni,
I have left you several messages. I wish to pay whatever it is I have to pay to get this
appeal transcript going and to preserve all my rights to review of the decision in RMC 11 cr
22176. Further, I would like a copy of the audio from the hearing as soon as possible.
Please provide specific detailed instructions as to how to pay and how much and anything
else I need to do.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
00547
57 of 57 1/29/2012 9:44 PM

privilege.
00548
F I L E D
Electronically
01-30-2012:04:48:12 PM
Clerk of the Court
EXHIBIT #2
EXHIBIT #2
00549
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Document Code: 1520
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Nevada Bar No: !"#
1!22 E. th $t. %2
&eno, N' (512
)ele: ""5*##(*(11(
+a,: !*--"*"!02
/ttorne0 1or /22ellant Zach Coughlin
3N /ND +5& )4E C57N)9 5+ :/$45E
Z/C4 C57;483N< =
=
/22ellant, = C/$E N5: C&11*20-!
=
vs. = DE>). N5: 10
=
=
C3)9 5+ &EN5 =
=
&es2ondents. =
=
DECLARATION OF ZACHARY BARKER COUGHLIN, ESQ.
Z/C4/&9 B/&?E& C57;483N, E$@., Aeing 1irst dul0 sBorn, de2oses and under 2enalt0
o1 2erCur0 avers:
1. 3 am a resident o1 the Cit0 o1 &eno, Count0 o1 :ashoe, $tate o1 Nevada, and over 1( 0ears
o1 age. )his declaration is Aased on m0 2ersonal DnoBledge, e,ce2t those matters stated on
in1ormation and Aelie1, and as to those items 3 Aelieve them to Ae true. )his declaration is made in
su22ort o1 /22ellantEs 522osition to Fotion to Dismiss /22eal, and re2resents m0 testimon0 i1
called on to 2resent same in court.
- 1
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2. 3 am an attorne0 dul0 licensed as such A0 the $tate o1 Nevada to 2ractice Ae1ore all courts
o1 this $tate and Ae1ore the 7nited $tates >atent and )rademarD 511ice, and the 7nited $tates
BanDru2tc0 Court 1or the District o1 Nevada.
#. F0 o11ice re2resents the /22ellant, Zach Coughlin, in this matter.
!. F0 o11ice Bas never 2ro2erl0 served Bith the instant motion A0 mail or hand*deliver0. C1.,
N&C> 5.
5. 3 Brote to the &eno Funici2al Court at the email address listed 1or corres2ondence on their
BeAsite: renomunirecords.reno.gov in addition to emailing AacD and 1orth Bith and s2eaDing on
the 2hone Bith &eno Funici2al Court G$enior Court $2ecialistG Donna Ballard, Bhom identi1ied
hersel1 to me on several occasions as the +iling 511icer $u2ervisor, as did several other &FC 1iling
o11icer 2ersonnel. Fs. Ballard gave me 2ermission to 1ile 2a2ers and 2leadings in the &FC via
email to the 1olloBing address: &enoFuni&ecords.reno.gov. Fs. Ballard assured me that this Bas
a22reciated given that 1a,es did not come through as clearl0 and that longer 1ilings Bould
unnecessaril0 ta, their 1a, machines. Ballard indicated that the 1ilings 3 emailed to her and the
&FC Bould Ae 2rinted out and included in the &ecord on /22eal should an /22eal Ae necessar0 or
2ursued. 4oBever, given the 2rimac0 o1 a Notice o1 /22eal Heven Bhere, as here, there Bas a
timel0 1iled tolling motion=, 3 Borried that the &FC Bould suddenl0 somehoB tr0 to assert that the
1ilings 3 emailed to the authoriIed &FC email address Bould not Ae acce2ted, and, there1ore, on at
least one occasion, 3 2rinted a G1our 2age 2er 2ageG version o1 Bhat Bas 1iled A0 email, and Bent
into the &FC and had it 1ile stam2ed, GCust in caseG. /las, Bhat Bound u2 in the &ecord on /22eal
Bas an illegiAle scanning o1 this G1our 2age 2er 2ageG version, not the much clearer Gone 2age 2er
2ageG version Ballard 2romised me Bould a22ear in the &ecord on /22eal.
- 2
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-. 3t Bas on DecemAer 1#th, 2011 Bhen 3 2ersonall0 hand delivered that version o1 the Notice
o1 /22eal to the &FC 1or 1iling, and at that time an &FC 1iling o11ice clerD Bhom 3 Aelieve is
named G)omG con1irmed to me and Ballard that 'eronica 8o2eI has veri1ied to him that m0 Notice
o1 /22eal Bas timel0 1iled on that da0 and that 6udge 4oBard had e,2ressl0 a22roved so 1iling a
Notice o1 /22eal at that time and ruled that so doing Bould Ae and Bas timel0.
". 3n accordance Bith the 1actors enunciated A0 the Nevada $u2reme Court in BrunIell v.
;olden ;ate Nat. BanD, (5 Nev. #!5, #!, !55 2.2d #1 H1-= and as set 1orth in $C& 155, 3 shoB
the Court:
a= 3 have Aeen 2racticing laB in Nevada 1or a22ro,imatel0 " 0ears. F0 2ractice em2hasiIes
1amil0 laB, 2atent laB, 1oreclosure de1ense, real estate, real estate litigation, landlord*tenant BorD,
consumer rights, domestic violence advocac0, em2lo0ment laB, Ausiness, Ausiness litigation and
general commercial laB. F0 current standard hourl0 rate is J225.00 2er hour. 72on inquir0, 3
understand that rates to Ae Bell Bithin the range o1 1ees charged A0 other attorne0s Bith com2araAle
quali1ications in the communit0 1or similar services. )he 1ees charged Bere actuall0, reasonaAl0 and
necessaril0 incurred.
A= )he BorD that Bas actuall0 2er1ormed in connection Bith the instant o22osition is itemiIed
thusl0 and has Aeen actuall0 incurred and Ailled to m0 client: J1,500.00 1or 2re2aring and 1iling this
522osition to Fotion to Dismiss /22eal, Bhich Bas necessar0 and reasonaAle under the
circumstances.
(. 3 have 2ersonall0 revieBed all attached e,hiAits to the o22osition re1erenced aAove, and
each e,hiAit is a true and correct co20 o1 Bhat it 2ur2orts to Ae.
. 3, Zach Coughlin, do hereA0 sBear, under 2enalt0 o1 2erCur0, that the 1olloBing e,cer2t
1rom the end o1 the audio record o1 the NovemAer #0th, 2011 )rial in &FC 11 C& 221"- re2resents
- 3
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a com2letel0 true and accurate transcri2tion Hmade 1rom the CD o1 the )rial that the undersigned
2urchased 1rom the &FC and taDen 1rom the 1ile named: GKFC+)&BLM201111#0*
20##M01cca11!51ed00G = o1 Bhat Bas said in o2en court, on the record, Aeginning at (:##:11 2m
on NovemAer #0th, 2011 in 6udge 4oBardEs court room:
G64: alright Be are AacD on the record in regard to Cit0 v. Zachar0 Coughlin.
3 Bas admittedl0 remiss in not advising Fr. Coughlin o1 his right to a22eal.
:e do Bant to taDe care o1 that noB on the record. Fr. Coughlin, 0ou have
the right to a22eal the decision o1 this Court. 9ou can do so A0 1iling a Notice
o1 /22eal. Customaril0, itEs 10 da0s and thats, uh, 3Em sure 0ou are 1ull0
aBare o1 that...:hat 3 am going to do is grant an e,tension to that statute in
light o1 the 1act that 0ou Bill not Ae released 1rom custod0 until DecemAer
#rd, so 0our 10 da0s Bill run e11ective DecemAer #rd at ( 2m, so 0ou Bill
have 10 da0s 1rom that date to 1ile a Notice o1 /22eal Bith this Court, noB
once 0ou 1ile 0our Notice o1 /22eal there are several things that 0ou Bill have
to do, 2rinci2al among those is to oAtain a co20 o1 the transcri2t at 0our
e,2ense. 5nce the transcri2t has Aeen 1orBarded to the District Court, there is
no )rial de novo, 0ou are 2roAaAl0 aBare that the District Court Cudge Bill
revieB the 1our corners o1 the transcri2t to determine, one, Bhether this court
has made an0 legal errors that Bould Custi10 a reversal o1 this matter or
Bhether there is su11icient evidence Bithin the transcri2t to Custi10 the 1inding
o1 guilt that 3 have made here toda0. 3s there an0 questions at all Bith regard
to the a22eal 2rocessN
ZC: )he availaAilit0 o1 a $ta0, that 3 guess Bould go more toBards the
1inding o1 Contem2tN 7m, Bhen 0ou sa0 Ga22eal 2rocessG are 0ou re1erring
to...N
64: )he 1iling o1 a22eal in regard to the 2etit the1t.
ZC: Not in regard to the Contem2tN
64: No, thats a summar0 2roceeding and Be are going to go 1orBard Bith
that. 5ne thing that 3 Bill sa0 in regard to the 2etit the1t )rial and suAsequent
sentencing, hoBever, its m0 recollection, im2ro2erl0, that 0ou had 1ailed to
a22ear at the 2revious 2roceeding, and thatEs not correct, uh, there Bas another
reason as to Bh0 Be Bere unaAle to 2roceed, so 3 am going to delete the 2!
hours o1 communit0 service, the 1ine o1 J#-0 Bill stand. /lright, an0 other
questions involving the /22eal 2rocessN
ZC: 9es, to the e,tent m0 laB 2racticeEs clients, that their cases Bill Ae
undul0 2reCudiced A0 0our incarcerating me right noB...
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64: 3 am standing A0 that and 3 Bish 0ou Bould have thought aAout that a1ter
each admonishment that 3 gave 0ou during the )rial.
ZC: 9ou are saddened A0 that.
64: :e are in recess. G Hcommotion o1 Farshals can Ae heard and the audio
recording o1 the record o1 the )rial ends=.
10. 4oBever, Bhat is reall0 interesting is that the &eno Cit0 /ttorne0O&FCO and &$3C >olice
all re1used to 2rovide even an arrest re2ort or 2roAaAle cause sheet 1or one month 1olloBing the
$e2temAer , 2011 arrest at the center o1 this matter. )he &eno Cit0 /ttorne0Es o11ice, Hincluding in
a tele2hone conversation 3 had Bith 4aIlett*$tevens, Esq.= re2eatedl0 re1used to 2rovide an arrest
re2ort, 2roAaAle cause sheet etc., indicating that the0 Gdid not even have those thingsG throughout the
2eriod AetBeen the OO11 arrest and the court date o1 5ctoAer 10, 2011, des2ite the 1act that
suAsequentl0 2ro2ounded discover0 1rom &oAerts shoBs the &eno Cit0 /ttorne0Es 511ice Bas 1a,ed
these items A0 the &$3C Han the &$3C, &$3C $argent /vansino, etc. all gave me the same song and
ance aAout GBe donEt have it, canEt give it to 0ou even i1 Be didG, etc., etc..
11. &FC 6udge 4oBard runs the &eno Funici2al Court Bith an iron 1ist, sentencing
attorne0s Bho sa0 GBoBG under their Areath u2on some incrediAle de2arture 1rom due 2rocess
1undamentals A0 6udge 4oBard to a summar0 contem2t order requiring 6udge 4oBardEs Farshals to
essentiall0 gang gro2e an attorne0, DnocD his la2to2 out o1 his hands so he cannot save his trial
notes, and taDe him aBa0 to a three da0 Aed and AreaD1ast u2 at 11 >arr Blvd, com2lete Bith no
o22ortunit0 to maDe a 2hone call to arrange the avoidance o1 2reCudicing client matters. 6udge
4oBard attem2ted to s2eci10 his rationale and Aasis 1or a summar0 contem2t 1inding A0 rotel0 read0
o11 some 1orm document or section o1 his Bench BooD checDing a Ao, Bith some generic
descri2tion liDe Gcommitted contem2t contrar0 to the administration o1 Custice or in derogation o1 the
authorit0 o1 the courtG in a manner that does not quite satis1ies the requirements that 6ose2h
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4ouston 1ought so eloquentl0 1or in 4ouston v. Eighth. 6udicial District Court, 122 Nev. /dv. 52.
51 H200-=. 6udge 4oBard maDes 5rders 1ar e,ceeding his Curisdiction, 5rdering memAers o1 the
2uAlic to never contact an0one at all associated Bith the &eno Funici2al Court A0 email, or even
use general email addresses liDe renomunirecords.reno.gov, Cum2ing into tra11ic cases in other
Cudges de2artments to have his 1iling o11ice o2eratives issue invective and threats, sometimes in the
1orm o1 Aeing accosted A0 1ive armed strangers demanding to DnoB in1ormation to Bhich the0 have
no right, in an aBesome shoB o1 1orce, 2oBer, control, and 1ascism. )he GDocDetG in this matter
contains no indication o1 a Notice o1 Entr0 o1 5rder ever Aeing made in the com2letel0 under 6udge
4oBardEs thumA and control GdocDetG in this matter. $everal 2ersonnel Hincluding a 0ounger 1emale
3 Bas Arought Bhen 3 asDed to veri10 something Bith a su2ervisor= in the &FC +iling 511ice
admitted to me that the &FC 1iling o11ice has Iero oversight over 6udge 4oBard, nor an0 s0stem o1
checDs and Aalances, as the0 entire 1iling o11ice coBers in 1ear o1 the Brath o1 6udge 4oBard liDe
some 2oor Aattered s2ouse ho2ing to avoid another three da0 tri2 to the hole 1or some minor
transgression, such as maDing e0e contact Bith him.
6udge 4oBard ignored his oBn GBench BooDG and Bent so 1ar outside his Curisdiction as to
resort to citing a case 1rom Fichigan 1or the 2ro2osition that 3, an indigent individual, Bas not
entitled to a22ointed counsel Bhere, as here, the charge carried Bith it the 2ossiAilit0 o1 Cail time.
/rgersinger v. 4amlin, !0" 7.$. 25, 2 $.Ct. H200-= held that i1 the 2ossiAle sentence includes an0
Cail time the de1endant must Ae a11orded an attorne0. 5ne thing is clear, at the conclusion o1
the11O#0O11 trial, 6udge 4oBardEs FarshalEs suddenl0 assaulted Coughlin, 2lacing him in cu11s,
re1using to alloB him to save his trial notes on his la2to2, then shoved some 2a2ers in CoughlinEs
1ace, demanding Coughlin sign them Bithout an0 o22ortunit0 to revieB Bhat the0 said or DnoB
Bhat the0 Bere. /s is so t02ical o1 those com2letel0 corru2ted A0 their un1ettered 2oBer, these
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Farshals quicDl0 Bere irDed at CoughlinEs meager attem2ts to inquire as to Bhat it Bas the0 Banted
him to sign, 2ulling the 2a2ers aBa0 1rom Coughlin Bhile re1using to e,2lain at all, mocDing him
Bith their derision and taunts that the0 Bould sim2l0 G2ut that 0ou re1usedG in the AlanD on the
1rom..../22arentl0 this shame1ul scene is tantamount to service o1 an order to some, hoBever, as
:ashoe Count0 6ail &ecords reveal, the Aelongings Coughlin came Bith and le1t Bith incident to his
# da0 getaBa0 tri2 to >arr, courtes0 o1 6udge 4oBardEs intem2erance shoB conclusivel0 that those
Farshals did not ever leave an 5rder o1 11O#0O11 Bith Coughlin or in an0 Ba0 alloB Coughlin to
maintain 2ossession o1 such, or even to later access it.
12. +urther, 6udge 4oBard<s 6udicial /ssistant, u2on CoughlinEs release 1rom :CDC,
re1used to 2rovide Coughlin a co20 o1 an0 such 5rder, then this 'eronica 8o2eI lied to Coughlin,
2romising to 1a, him a co20 in a darDl0 menacing tone, 0et 1ailing to ever do so. +urther, Bhat oral
2ronouncements Bere issued A0 6udge 4oBard at the 11O#0O11 )rialEs conclusion, certainl0 did not
re1lect all that Bas Britten in the ;uilt0 'erdict and concomitant $ummar0 Contem2t 5rder, as
such, no deadline 1or 1iling an a22eal suACect to &FC& could Aegin running until 2ro2er service o1
an0 such 5rder occurred, something that has 0et to Ae made clear, Bhether Gconstructive serviceG or
otherBise. >rior to divulging the &ecord on /22eal to the District Court, the &FC +iling 511ice
certainl0 never let the undersigned see an0 GdocDetG, much less a certi1ied one. &egardless, 3 Bas
re1used on multi2le instances A0 &FC 1iling o11ice 2ersonnel an0 co20 o1, vieBing, or access to the
docDet in 11 C& 221"-, Aut the same gentleman clerD H2erha2s named G)omG= did con1irm to me, on
DecemAer 1#th, 2011, 3 Aelieve, that, as o1 that date, there Bas aAsolutel0 no entr0 or indication
an0Bhere in his s0stem or an0 records, electronic or otherBise to Bhich he is normall0 a11orded
access to indicate an0 entries had Aeen made in the docDet since 2rior to the 11O#0O11 )rial in that
matter. )he undersigned sus2ects Bhat 6udge 4oBard hates so much aAout email is that he cannot
- 7
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intimidate a com2uter into sa0ing something Bas 1ile or received at a di11erent time than that Bhich
the 1Es and 0Es o1 the com2uterEs 2rocessor tell it Bas the time and date, much less than manner or
content, all o1 Bhich is recorded in magni1icent clarit0, electronicall0, Bhen one sends H2ursuant to
an e,2ress 2ermission to so 1ile 2leadings in the &FC given A0 &FC +iling 511ice $u2ervisor
Donna Ballard= in an emailed 2leading.
1#. +urther, it seems ill advised 1or 6ohn ?adlic and the &eno Cit0 /ttorne0Es 511ice in
general to remain on this case, his name listed as 1iling 2leadings Hhe is listed Bith >am &oAerts as
G/ttorne0Es 1or the &es2ondentsG in the instant Fotion to Dismiss=, as ?adlic has Aeen DnoBn to asD
the undersignedEs 1amil0 2h0sician 1ather, in 1ront o1 the undersigned 1or a 2rescri2tion o1 this or
that or to Ae 1it in here or there and Bho DnoBs Bhat other Beird con1licts o1 interest Hie, Bhether or
not a certain 1amil0 2h0sician has a demonstrated tendenc0 toBard a FPnchhausennn by Proxy
st0le o1 2arenting, etc., etc.: htt2:OOemedicine.medsca2e.comOarticleO2525(*overvieB=, or Bhere
?adlic and Dr. CoughlinEs relationshi2 has a22arentl0 Aeen strained A0 Dr. Coughlin 1ailure to GtaDe
sidesG su11icient to 2lease Cit0 /ttorne0 ?adlic 2ursuant to the Cit0 /ttorne0 ?adlicEs divorce 1rom
his 1ormer Bi1e, >aulette and tensions emanating there1rom AetBeen ?adlic and his daughter Blair.
1!. >am &oAerts suAorned the 2erCur0 o1 &eno $2arDs 3ndian Colon0 511icer ?ameron
CraB1ord during the NovemAer #0th 2011 )rial in &FC 11 C& 221"- Bhen she called him as her
oBn Bitness, and he testi1ied that the accused 1ailed to 2rovide his driverEs license, thus giving
CraB1ord the 2roAaAle cause he needed to conduct a search incident to arrest. 4oBever, 2revious to
this, >am &oAerts hersel1 2ossessed securit0 camera 1ootage o1 the accused giving CraB1ord his
current $tate o1 Nevada DriverEs 8icense Hand dis2atch records con1irm that CraB1ord called in the
accused drivers license numAer in conCunction Bith the accused handing over his drivers license to
CraB1ord=. +urther, this video that &oAerts Bas in 2ossession o1 shoB )homas +rontino, :al*Fart
- 8
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/sset >rotection associate, handing the tBo &$3C o11icers additional video evidence Ae0ond that o1
the interrogation room video Bherein the undersigned 2rovided his $tate o1 Nevada driverEs license
to &$3C 511icer CraB1ord. +urther, &oAerts suAorned the 2erCur0 o1 +rontino Bhen he so 1alsel0
testi1ied that there e,isted no other video 1ootage Hdes2ite the legion o1 surveillance cameras
inters2ersed over 2racticall0 ever0 isle at +rontinoEs :al*Fart= o1 an0 matters 2ertinent to the
charge 1or Bhich the undersigned Bas accused, including, incrediAl0, aAsolutel0 no 1ootage o1 an0
o1 the alleged concealing or consuming or doing o1 an0 other elements o1 the crime charged, des2ite
the 1act that the0 ver0 interrogation room video &oAerts 2ossessed shoBed +rontino so 2roviding
such additional media evidence to &$3C 511icers CraB1ord and BraunBorth.
15. :hile N&$ 5.0"5 requires that: G+orm o1 docDet and records. )he Court /dministrator
shall 2rescriAe the 1orm o1 the docDet and o1 an0 other a22ro2riate records to Ae De2t A0 the
munici2al court, Bhich 1orm ma0 var0 1rom court to court according to the numAer and Dind o1
cases customaril0 heard and Bhether the court is designated as a court o1 record 2ursuant to N&$
5.010...G &FC Court /dministrator Fatt +isc a22arentl0 cease Aeing so em2lo0ed sometime in,
a22ro,imatel0, NovemAer 2011, throBing ever0thing into disarra0 and vitiating an0 sense o1 checDs
and Aalances or oversight as to the un1ettered dominance e,hiAited A0 6udge 4oBard over the
s0stem o1 Custice dis2ensed at the &FC, 2reventing the undersigned 1rom e,ercising his $i,th
/mendment &ight to Counsel and 1rom getting a Cur0 trial. )he &FC BeAsite claims: G)he &eno
Funici2al Court Bas estaAlished A0 charter in 1-- A0 the $tate 8egislature. :e are a high*volume,
limited Curisdiction court o1 record Bhich adCudicates criminal misdemeanor He.g., domestic
violence, D73, drug 2ara2hernalia and 2ett0 the1t= and tra11ic violations committed A0 adults Bithin
the Cit0 o1 &eno 2ro2er. We are a non-jr! "or# $%#& 'en"& #r%a() on(!. Fisdemeanor o11enses
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committed Bithin the count0 limits are handled A0 the local 6ustice Courts as are all gross
misdemeanors and 1elonies.G
1-. 6udge 4oBard re1used to even grant the undersigned a continuance Bhere the undersigned
has recentl0 Aeen Brong1ull0 evicted 1rom his home laB o11ice via an im2ermissiAle a22lication o1 a
summar0 eviction 2roceeding against a commercial lessee Bhere 1ailure to 2a0 rent $a) no# alleged
and or the eviction Notice Bas a No Cause Eviction Notice. )he undersigned indicated that an
unlaB1ul rent distraint Bas at that time Aeing a22lied to e*"(+a#or! evidence and evidence
estaAlishing a retaliator0 motive and intent on the 2arts o1 Aoth :al*Fart and the &eno Cit0
/ttorne0Es 511ice Hgiven the s2ecter o1 multi2le 2olice misconduct and or negligent hiring, training,
and su2ervision, !2 7$C $ec. 1(#, de1amation laBsuits the Cit0 o1 &eno 1aces in connection Bith
misconduct 511icers committed against the undersigned in the 2ast si, months and o1 Bhich the
&eno Cit0 /ttorne0Es o11ice Bas aBare= necessar0 to the de1ense o1 the trial in this matter. $uch
evidence ma0 evince a retaliator0 intent and declaration on the 2art o1 various :al*Fart 2ersonnel
and &>D 2ersonnel Bhere the undersigned had Aeen Brong1ull0 arrested Cust some tBo BeeDs 2rior
to the 11O#0O11 )rial in this matter, and suACect to a Brong1ul locDout Cust 1our BeeDs 2rior to the
)rial Hnot Cust a locDout 1rom oneEs home or o11ice, Aut Aoth, and a laB o11ice no less=. )he
undersigned suAmitted a com2laint aAout &>D 511icer misconduct to the &>D 5n $e2temAer ",
2011, and again on several other occasion 5ne such com2laint involved re2orting that, at the time,
o1 the undersignedEs NovemAer 12, 2011 Brong1ul custodial arrest 1or Gtres2assG a &>D 511icer had
admitted to the undersigned that the o22osing attorne0 in that summar0 eviction 2roceeding,
&ichard ;. 4ill, Esq. G2a0s him a lot o1 mone0 and so he arrest Bhom 4ill tells him to arrest and
does Bhat 4ill sa0s to doG. )he &eno Cit0 /ttorne0Es 511ice de1ends the &>D in 2olice misconduct
laBsuits and has a vested interest in smearing the undersignedEs re2utation.
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00559
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MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM

1". /s 1or 6udge 4oBardEs $ummar0 Contem2t 5rder in this matter, it is entirel0 untrue to
sa0 that there Bas order that s2elled out the details o1 com2liance in clear, s2eci1ic and unamAiguous
terms so that the 2erson should have readil0 DnoBn e,actl0 Bhat duties or oAligations Bere im2osed
on him. 6udge 4oBard 1ailed to issue an0 5rder Gthat s2elled out the details o1 com2liance in clear,
s2eci1ic, and unamAiguous terms so that the 2erson should have readil0 DnoBn e,actl0 Bhat duties or
oAligations Bere im2osed on him...G. &ather, 6udge 4oBard, aAout 10 minutes into )rial, Aegan
menacingl0 threatening the undersigned, attem2ting to Aadger, Aerate, and intimidate the undersigned
into 1ailing to de1end himsel1 in this matter, to re1rain 1rom 2reserving oACections 1or the record, etc.,
etc.
1(. 3 declare under 2enalt0 o1 2erCur0 that the 1oregoing is true and correct.
AFFIR,ATION -r)an# #o NRS ./0B.1/1
)he undersigned does hereA0 a11irm that the 2receding document does not contain the social
securit0 numAer o1 an0 2erson.
D/)ED this #0th da0 o1 6anuar0, 2012.
Zachar0 BarDer Coughlin
- 11
00560
F I L E D
Electronically
01-30-2012:04:48:12 PM
Clerk of the Court
EXHIBIT #3
EXHIBIT #3
00561

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00562
F I L E D
Electronically
01-30-2012:04:48:12 PM
Clerk of the Court
EXHIBIT #4
EXHIBIT #4
00563

Hotmail Print Message
RMC said I could file this by email
http://by148w.bay148.mail.live.com/mail/PrintMessages.aspx?cpids=f9...
Sent: Mon 12/12/11 7:28 PM
1 attachment
12 11 11 final motion for new trial city of reno v coughlin RMC 11 CR 22176.pdf (12.9 MB)
Dear RMC,
I called an wrote earlier and received approval to file the attached pdf and
media files by email rather than fax or other submission. This filing is large,
as such, it must be broken down into segments. this is part one, part two will
be in the next email. I will pay whatever filing fee or bond or whatever I
have to pay to access justice in this here case.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 8950
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
1/30/2012 6:19 AM
Sent: Mon 12/12/11 7:40 PM
1 of 5
00564

1 attachment
RMC 11 CR 2217 part two Exhibit 1 pages 1-300 of Motion for New trail from 12 12 2011.pdf (8.6 MB)
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
Sent: Mon 12/12/11 7:57 PM
1 attachment
RMC 11 CR 22176 part three Exhibit 1 pages 301-600 of Motion for New trail from 12 12 2011.pdf (9.7
MB)
1/30/2012 6:19 AM
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
2 of 5
00565

Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
Sent: Mon 12/12/11 8:23 PM
1 attachment
(11.8 MB)
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
1/30/2012 6:19 AM 3 of 5
00566

privilege.
Sent: Mon 12/12/11 8:29 PM
1 attachment
(14.4 MB)
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
1/30/2012 6:19 AM 4 of 5
00567

privilege.
Date: Mon, 12 Dec 2011 19:57:50 -0800
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
1/30/2012 6:19 AM 5 of 5
00568
F I L E D
Electronically
01-30-2012:04:48:12 PM
Clerk of the Court
EXHIBIT #5
EXHIBIT #5
00569
Mugshot Profi le Poster Page 1of!

Washoe Count Sheriffs Office
911 Parr Blvd., eno, NV 89512
Mugsh Profile
COUGHLIN, ZACHARY
Nickname:
DOB:

SSN:
Booking # :
JID:
MNJ:
Arrest Date:
Booking Date: 09- 09- 2011 22:13:00
Sex: MALE
Rilce: WHnE
Height: .0.
Weight: 22.
Eye Color: GREEN
Ha ir Color: BROWN
Hair Length: SHORT ABOVE EAR
Facial Features:
Glasses :
Scars Marks 8t Tattoos:
Charges!
Booking last Name: COUGHUN
Booking First Name: ZACHARY
Booking Middle Name: BARKER
file:IIC:\ PhotoManager\MUGVBPrt .htm
9/9120 11
00570
, '
IN THE MUNICIPAL COU
COUNTY OF WASHO
CITY OF RENO,
vs.
Plaintiff,
)
)
)
)
)
)
ZfAChary CayJ. {;1l
Defendant. )
)
DOB: )
)
II
lX... 1i 7-
OF THE CITY OF RENO
STATE OF NEVADA _
f .......,.. __.",_,.... ..... _'
, _ . ..... v,AII .... ,.
CRIMINAL
(Petif(!'.if"'eiifl-)__.,-_._-
A?"R!\IGNMENT )oi/(iU
lfM", :;:.. .. c:>
RenoSparks Indian Colony Tribal Police
Case No, IC \\ - 0 WP,1
complain and say that
_.k..!!.<.<.LI.-""-+--::="5t.:..'-.!:...

' ,..,(1__--1_ has committed the crime of Petit Larceny,
a violation of Section 8.10.040 afthe Reno Mun
That said Defendant on or about e
2425 E. Second Street, In the City of Reno, 8t e of Nevada. did take or carry away Walrnart
property valued at less than $250.00 with the tent to deprive Walmart said property. Said
consisted of -'--"'''YL!'-J2l-'4'<.:>-rP'===.LI...-.!h=,,''','-------
I dedare under penalty of perjury under t law of the State of Nevada pursuant to
NRS 53.045 and NRS 171.102 that the foregoin is true and correct.
ec\: ;2--1
Complaina'nl
I fOate
Revised 04/ 11
00571
Sep 10 2011 10:24P\'1 RSIC"HV*Po\ice 177;' . )1801
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which IppOIt 1M .,.,.. and c;tetentIon:
7: Z$f".iVI>E. () TD
For?.
DATE _______ By ________
DISSEMINATION IS RESTRICTED TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE AGENCIES ONt 'l . OISSEMlNAllON m AGENCIES fS PROHIBITEO.
WHEREFORE, Oectaranl l"IKftJeSill lila! II IIndlng be made tly a mllglstrale 1/'181
felony or groe.s m1tdeme4l'lOf) 0( lor tIIar (H ChatOo is II mitdemeanorJ.
Page I of I
REVIEWED PROBABLE CAUSE (PC)
PC FOUND DATE -'--______ .MAGISTRATE PC NOT FOUND 0 T"" _ -11-_______ _______________________
DEFENDANT ORDERED RB..EASEO, DATE ______________ MAGISTRATE
8-303 /REVISED !WI)
00572
Reno Sparks Indiari Colony Police
IC110627
Adult ( u ~ P,o""rty
Fri
''''''
'-'-
0910912011
121
Frl 0910912011 21:21
, NV 89502
Reno, NV 89501
Fri 0910912011 22:22 Reno
00573
,... ,
Reno, NV 89502
On 9/912011 at approximately 2121 hours, Officer Bnl m,wa,rt]l and I were dispatched to 2425 East Second
Street Reno, NV 89502 for a report ofa petit iar,m>y. 1
Upon our arrivaJ we mel with Asset Associate Thomas Frontino who stated, he observed a
white male adult. identified as Zachary Coughlin, through the store opening various items and
discarding them in the garbage can. Frontino stated, observed Coughlin eat a candy bar while walking
wough the store. Coughlin passed all points ofsale' ofWal-Mart and exited. Coughlin was then detained
by Frolltino for petit larceny. Please refer to F ...,ntinc) 4 statenlent for further infOJination.
Officer Braunworth asked Coughlin ifhe had au:, on his person and COl,lghli ll stated. he did not.
asked Coughlin ifI could have permission to search person for weapons. Coughlin gave me consent, but
stated do not go into my pockets. I searched the outer of Coughlin and found no weapons on him. I
then proceeded to Coughlin questions pertaining him a citation for petit larceny. Coughlin
however, refused to answer my questions relating to a 3Jld became uncooperative. Coughlin was then
placed under arrest for petit larceny. J began my to arrest on Coughlin and found cough drops
still wrapped in his pockets. Frontino was able to they were the same cough drops that came from the
opened cough drop boxes from inside the store that unpaid for.
At approximately 2200 hours, I tranSpol1ed Coughlin
Washoe County Detention Facility and booked him
for Reno Municipal Code 8.10.040 petit larceny.
At approximatel y 2122 hours, I cleared the incident no further incident.
END OF REPORT.
09n2t2011 0i:31:' U67
00574
RENO-SPARKS INJllAN
SUPPLEMENT
1'IAME(...... n. FIRST. MWOl.E)
Fronlino, Thomas L
RF_SlOSQ. -.DOkESS CITY
2425 E. Second SI
8USU"ESS 1oIAM000satoOL ADOkESS
Wal-mart #2106 2425 E. o n Street
LONY POLICE JlEPARTMENT
ITNSS STATt<.:MENT
RM
. -.- sUri'LWmT,((.O
,(r.(?, t>
TEOfDlKtH
10911985
eno. NV
Reno. NY
$TATE
ho"caw=;;:,:',,,,,=-
DAYS Off
Varies
~ .1OUrS OI'QATOIU LlCF.NSfJST A T'E
Wal-mart Asset Protection
Varies
''''''
>WR '''''
Blonde Hz!
PUSnlESS PKOm: 0
(775}-359-8200
SOCIAL SECUIUTY N\lM8U
On 09/0912011 at about 8:45 PM I noticed a male cust er who I had previous encounters with who we had
followed for suspicious activities in the past As I foHo ed him aroWld the store he made his way back and forth
across the store. He selected various items such as and cough medicine and some various other food
items. He opened two packages of cough drops and co aled the contents inside his pockets. He then threw the
packaging to the cough drops in two different garbage in the store. One in the candy aisle and one in the
soda aisle. He also selected a chocolate bar which he p ceeded to open and eat throughout the store. When he
was finished shopping he went to register 17 and paid the rest of the merchandise that he had selected. He
did not however make any attempt to pay for the choco te bar and cough drops he had selected, He concealed
the wrapper to the candy in the cart and covered it with itizer wipes. He then exited the facility via thc
grocery doors. Once completely outside the facility I ap oached him with Stanley Cunningham and identified
myself as Walmart asset protection and infomled him t I needed him to reenter the facility so that we would
be able to complete our investigation. He was complian at this time and foJlowed us to the office. At this time
became non compliant. The police arrived on scene and ook over the investigation. When asked by the officers
if he would consent to a pat down he complied. Also a r he was placed under arrest by the officer his
belongings were emptied from his pants pockets and we ere also able to recover some ofthe cough drops that
he had concealed on his person. He then became very n compliant with the officers questioning. He was
arrested and removed from our facility. He was also tres assed at this time from all Walmart facilities. Video
evidence will also be compiled.
DATB
00575
Sep 10 2011 10:24PM
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page 4
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00576
~ ~ ~ e m ~ . ~ . ~ : ~ .
SUPERCENTER
OPEN 24 HOURS
MANAGER BRIAN BAIN
( 115 ) 359 ~ 8200
ST. 2106 OPt 00001762 TEl 17 JR. 08280
HED LOAF 007283000201 F 5.96 0
H H 004000026427 F 4.74 N
HED LOAF 007283000201 F 5.96 0
DElSVH 12 HR 036382417565 10.54 X
ROB LA 20 030031874120 5.64 X
EQ GAS RElIE 068113129712 5.23 I
EO GAS 068113129775 3.68 X
EO GAS 068113129175 3.68 X
COLD HED 073221630093 6.41 X
GAS-I 030043011148 1.68 X
PlUGZ W/HIC 081121501180 16.14 X
ENERGV SHOT 071941030001 2.68 X
SUBTOTAL 79.00
TAIl 1.725' 4.82
TOTAL 83.82
CASH fEND 100.00
CHANGE DUE 16.18
ITEMS SOLD 12
TCI 8318 3288 3701. 8931 867
IIIIIIIIIIIII! IIII111111 !IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII111111111111
Title to goods 0,. tangible pel"Sonal property
purchased herein passes at seller's place of
business on Colony trust lands at the time the
seller completes the physical delivery of such
property, or at a different time if e.xplicitly
agreed to between buyer and seller.
"Like" Walmart on Facetook
www.facebook.com/walmart
09/09/11 21:14:48
00577
NOTE: THIS IS THE RECEIPT FOR THE ITEMS THAT WERE RUNG UP AND FOR WHICH MONEY WAS PAID. WAL-
MART'S THOMAS FRONTINO AND RSIC OFFICER CRAWFORD LIED WHEN THEY BOTH TESTIFIED THAT THEY VERIFIED
THAT THE UPC FOR THE "COUGH DROPS" ON THE RECEIPT ON THE PAGE ABOVE THIS ONE DID NOT APPEAR ON
THE RECEIPT FOUND BELOW). HOWEVER, CLEARLY THAT SAME UPC APPEARS ON BOTH RECEIPTS (THE UPC IS
0732211630093). FRONTINO EVEN TRIED TO TESTIFY THAT HE WAS ABLE TO DISCERN FROM APPROXIMATELY 50
FEET AWAY THAT HE COULD TELL EXACTLY WHAT ITEMS AND WHAT UPC'S WERE BEING RUNG UP AT THE REGISTER
AND THAT HE WAS ABLE TO VERIFY THAT THE UPC'S FOR THE COUGH DROPS ON THE "STOLEN" RECEIPT" WERE
NOT FOUND ON THE "PURCHASED" RECEIPT. HOWEVER, CLEARLY, FRONTINO WAS WRONG OR LYING, OR BOTH.
A filing has been submitted to the court RE:
Judge:
Official File Stamp:
Clerk Accepted:
Court:
Case Title:
Document(s) Submitted:
Filed By:
CR11-2064
STEVEN ELLIOTT
01-30-2012:16:48:12
01-30-2012:16:58:15
Second Judicial District Court - State of Nevada
ZACH COUGHLIN VS. CITY OF RENO (D10)
Opposition to Mtn
- **Continuation
- **Continuation
- **Continuation
- **Continuation
- **Continuation
ZACHARY COUGHLIN, ESQ.
COUGHLIN
00578
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F I L E D
Electronically
02-01-2012:04:46:41 PM
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Nevada Bar No: 4!"
#422 E. th $t. %2
&eno, N' (5#2
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Z/C4 C57;483N< =
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vs. = C/$E N5: C&##*2-64
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SUPPLEMENT TO MOTION TO DISMISS
Coughlin, Esq , and o11ers his $7>>8E?EN) )5 ?5)35N )5 D3$?3$$. )he undersigned Bas
instructed @0 the $econd 6udicial District Court to su@mit a cdCdvd 1or 1iling as an e,hi@it to a 1iling
in this manner.
?cCrar0 v. ?cCrar0, !64 >.2d 522, #(( 5D #22 E5Ala. Nov -#, #((= EN5. 62,(#4=
Fudgment is deemed rendered onl0 Bhen its G52! terms are announced to the 2arties @0 the Fudge,
and a Fudgment in a@sentia is not HrenderedI until notice o1 its entr0 is mailed to the 2arties.
?cCullough v. $a1eBa0 $tores, 3nc., 5Al., 626 >.2d #""2 E#(#=< &ules o1 /22ellate >rocedure, #2
5.$.#(#, Ch. #5, /22. 2, &ule #.##E@=. $ee: >eralta v. 4eights ?edical Center, 3nc., 4(5 7.$. (-,
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00579
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#-( $.Ct. (6, 8.Ed.2d !5 E#((=. :e also note that a1ter the trial courtJs ruling the intervenors
attem2ted to o@tain e,traordinar0 relie1 1rom this Court to 2rohi@it the court 1rom 2roceeding
1urther, and Be denied relie1. )here undersigned @elieves, under 2enalt0 o1 2erFur0, that >am
&o@erts Bas not even in the courtroom Bhen 6udge 45Bard @rought the undersigned @acA in chains
to correct that Bhich he has @een KremissK in not doing earlier Eie, maAing rulings related to the $ta0
o1 the Contem2t 2unishment, and the deadline to 1ile a notice o1 a22eal, or even in1orming the
underisgned o1 his right to 1ile an a22eal and the requirments=. 6udge 4oBard did sa0 some stu11
a@out hoB he Kis sure 0ou AnoB thisK or that a@out the 2rocedural technicalities that 6udge 4oBard
encounters ever0da0 in his Fo@, 0et the undersigned reall0 does not AnoB such things. #- da0s to 1ile
a notice o1 a22ealL didnJt AnoB that. N&C> 6Ea= and Ee= donJt a22l0 to such mattersL 3ts straight
da0sL &endition, not notice o1 entr0L DidnJt AnoB none o1 that. )hats Bhat the $i,th /mendment
is 1or. +urther that rule sucAs. 9ou get more 2rotection in a civil matter to a22eal a laBsuit over a
@o, o1 Bidgets. :E are talAing a@out m0 laB license here, 6udge 4oBard maAes the trial a
l0nching. But liAe 2 million 3rish 2eo2le @etBen #(4( and #(5- Bho starved to death Bhile
surrounded @0 a sea o1 1ish, 6udge 4oBard maAes liAe the English and tries to arrest one 1or 1ishing.
)he rule shoudl @e changed. But, at the least the &?C shoudl have to 1olloB it, and the0 didnJt.
+urther, &o@erts ma0 have violated 2rosecutorial conduct rules related to su@orning 2erFur0,
2ro2ounding or disclosing e,cul2ator0 evidence, etc. ,and argua@l0 she should @e required to 2ut
such into evidence or re1rain 1rom o11ering that Bhich contradicts such evidence in her 2ossession or
that Bhich she should @e required to 1ind u2on a reasona@l0 diligent inquir0. &o@erts a22arentl0
didnJt discover and 1ootage 1rom this @ehemoth retailer Bith cameras ever0Bhere in the store
relevant to an0 o1 the accused acts. No2e, its all he said she said here, e,ce2t the interrogation room
videos, Bhich shoB the " Bitness &o@erts o11ered lied. 3n the 1olloBing cases it Bas held that an
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00580
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attorne0Js contem2tuous conduct cannot @e e,cused or Fusti1ied @0 the 1act that the attorne0 @elieved
his conduct to @e necessar0 to the 2ro2er and thorough re2resentation o1 his client, and that an
attorne0 ma0 summaril0 @e held to @e in contem2t notBithstanding such good*1aith @elie1. )he court
held that a trial attorne0Js @elie1 that certain action is necessar0 to 2rotect the record 1or a22ellate
revieB, and to re2resent his clientJs interests, does not e,cuse his deli@erate de1iance o1 the trial
FudgeJs orders in >enns0lvania v 3nternational 7nion o1 52erating Engineers E#!!, C/" >a= 552
+2d 4(, cert den 4"4 7$ (22, 54 8 Ed 2d !, ( $ Ct 6!, Bhere the court a11irmed tBo summar0
orders o1 criminal contem2t entered against a de1ense attorne0. )he contem2t holdings had @een
@ased on the attorne0Js insistence u2on stating the reasons 1or his o@Fections to certain holdings @0
the trial court, and his re1usal to com2l0 Bith the courtJs direction 2ertaining to the cross*
e,amination o1 a Bitness. 3n essence, said the court, the attorne0 asserted that he Bas 1ree to violate
a direct order o1 a trial Fudge i1 he @elieved that the 2rotection o1 his clientJs interests on a22eal
required such action. )he court recogniMed an attorne0Js right to @e conscientious, 1earless, and
Mealous in re2resenting his clientJs interests, @ut held that a direct order o1 the trial Fudge 1i,es the
limits o1 2ro2er advocac0< the vigor 2ermissi@le in re2resenting a clientJs interest does not include
the 1louting o1 a FudgeJs rulings. )he necessit0 o1 2reserving the record 1or a22eal, said the court, is
not a talisman Bhich a@solves a laB0er 1rom his usual o@ligation to com2l0 Bith a trial FudgeJs direct
orders. )he attorne0 also argued that his disregard o1 the FudgeJs order Bas necessar0 to 2ersuade the
Fudge to retract his restriction on the attorne0Js method o1 cross*e,amination. /n a22eal, it Bas said,
Bould 2rovide an inadequate means o1 challenging the restriction since the Bitness Bas said to have
@een cornered, and since the attorne0 had achieved a momentum Bhich 2ro@a@l0 never could @e
resumed at a neB trial a1ter an a22eal. )he court held, hoBever, that the attorne0 could not
2ermissi@l0 de10 the FudgeJs order in the interests o1 seiMing an allegedl0 irrecovera@le o22ortunit0.
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00581
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/n attorne0Js good*1aith @elie1 in the necessit0 o1 his actions, in order 2ro2erl0 to re2resent his
client, Bas held not to Fusti10 contumacious @ehavior in 7nited $tates v 511utt E#56, DC Dist Col=
#45 + $u22 ###, mod on other grounds #-# /22 DC !, 24! +2d ((, cert den "55 7$ (56, 2 8 Ed
2d 64, !( $ Ct (5, Bhere, on remand, the court held that the trial court 2ro2erl0 had summaril0 held
an attorne0 to @e in contem2t @ased u2on insulting and o11ensive remarAs made to the court. )he
attorne0 asserted that Bhat he said Bas true, and that he said it in order to maAe a record 1or a22eal,
and in order to com2l0 Bith the advice given him @0 counsel Bith Bhom he had consulted.
4oBever, the court held that advice o1 counsel is not a de1ense to a charge o1 contem2t, stating that
neither such advice, nor ignorance, nor Meal 1or his client, could alter the contumacious character o1
the attorne0Js conduct. )he courts in the 1olloBing cases, Bhile not holding that good*1aith vigorous
advocac0 ma0 2reclude the summar0 2unishment o1 an attorne0 1or contem2t, recogniMed that an
attorne0 must @e given @road latitude in his re2resentation o1 his client, and that this 1actor must @e
taAen into account in determining Bhether conduct o1 an attorne0 amounts to contem2t Bhich is
summaril0 2unisha@le @0 the court. 3n 7nited $tates v $chi11er E#65, C/6 )enn= "5# +2d #, cert
den "(4 7$ #--", #6 8 Ed 2d #-#!, (6 $ Ct ##4, reh den "(5 7$ (-, #! 8 Ed 2d #2#, (! $ Ct #2,
the court, in u2holding the trial courtJs summar0 2unishment o1 an attorne0 1or contem2t under &ule
42Ea= o1 the +ederal &ules o1 Criminal >rocedure, said that in contem2t cases against laB0ers the
evidence must @e care1ull0 scrutiniMed in order that there @e no undue inter1erence Bith their right
2ro2erl0 to re2resent their clients< nevertheless, it Bas held that the 2unishment im2osed Bas
Barranted in vieB o1 the deli@erate, continuous, and re2eated contumacious acts o1 the attorne0,
e,tending throughout the trial, Bhich Bere said to have @een Bholl0 unBarranted. )he court in &e
Dellinger E#!2, C/! 3ll= 46# +2d "(, on remand END 3ll= "5! + $u22 4 and on remand END 3ll=
"!- + $u22 #"-4, a11d EC/! 3ll= 5-2 +2d (#", cert den 42- 7$ -, 4" 8 Ed 2d 6!#, 5 $ Ct #425,
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00582
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stated that attorne0s must @e given great latitude in the area o1 vigorous advocac0, and that an
attorne0 ma0 Bith im2unit0 taAe 1ull advantage o1 the range o1 conduct that our adversar0 s0stem
alloBs. Nevertheless, said the court, the 1act that an attorne0 is re2resenting his client in good 1aith
does not immuniMe all conduct undertaAen in that cause, although the court reversed the trial courtJs
summar0 im2osition o1 2unishment u2on tBo de1ense attorne0s 1or contem2t, and remanded the
numerous s2eci1ications o1 contem2t 1or a hearing @e1ore a di11erent Fudge, on the ground that the
trial Fudge Bas required to disquali10 himsel1 1rom hearing the contem2t 2roceedings @ecause he had
@een the reci2ient o1 numerous and un2recedented attacAs and insults @0 the attorne0s charged
during the course o1 the trial. :here the trial Fudge is ar@itrar0 or a11ords counsel inadequate
o22ortunit0 to ar*gue his 2osition, counsel must @e given su@stantial leeBa0 in 2ressing his
contention, said the court, 1or in this manner the court ma0 recogniMe its mistaAe and 2revent error
1rom in1ecting the record. /22ellate courts, the court said, must insure that trial Fudges are not le1t
1ree to mani2ulate the @alance @etBeen vigorous re2resentation and o@structions o1 Fustice so as to
chill e11ective advocac0 Bhen deciding laB0er contem2ts. 3t Bas said that Bhere the conduct
com2lained o1 in a summar0 contem2t 2roceeding is that o1 an attorne0 engaged in the
re2resentation o1 a litigant, the search 1or the essential elements o1 the crime o1 contem2t must @e
made Bith 1ull a22reciation o1 the role o1 trial counsel and his dut0 o1 Mealous re2resentation o1 his
clientJs interests in 7nited $tates e, rel. &o@son v 5liver E#!2, C/! 3ll= 4!- +2d #-. +urthermore,
said the court, in close cases Bhere the line @etBeen vigorous advocac0 and actual o@struction de1ies
strict delineation, dou@ts should @e resolved in 1avor o1 vigorous advocac0. )he attorne0 re2resented
one o1 a num@er o1 de1endants in a criminal 2rosecution in Bhich the de1endants Bere charged Bith
mutilating dra1t records. 3n cross*e,amining a code1endant, the attorne0 re1erred to a 2hotogra2h o1
a hallBa0, a22arentl0 through Bhich the de1endants had 2assed to reach the o11ice in Bhich the
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records Bere contained, and asAed him i1 he could maAe out a little sign stating Ka@andon 0e all ho2e
Bho enter here.K 3n vieB o1 the e,treme li@eralit0 a11orded trial counsel in their re2resentation o1
clients, and resolving an0 dou@ts in 1avor o1 vigorous advocac0, the court concluded that such
conduct did not rise to the level o1 mis@ehavior necessar0 to su22ort
a contem2t citation. Commenting that the attorne0Js question Bas related to the de1endantsJ
2ro11ered theor0 o1 de1ense and touched on the insane K2rece2tionsK and KdelusionsK Bhich the
de1endants claimed to have held 2rior to maAing the raid on the dra1t @oard 1iles, the court reversed
the trial courtJs holding o1 contem2t. But in the 1olloBing case, it Bas held that Bhere an attorne0 in
good 1aith @elieves that his dut0 o1 advocac0 requires his conduct, a summar0 contem2t conviction
@ased u2on such conduct cannot Bithstand challenge, at least Bhere the attorne0 @elieved that the
court did not understand his 2osition. )hus, it Bas held in &e Dellinger E#!", ND 3ll= "!- + $u22
#"-4, a11d EC/! 3ll= 5-2 +2d (#", cert den 42- 7$ -, 4" 8 Ed 2d 6!#, 5 $ Ct #425, that an
attorne0 could not 2ro2erl0 @e summaril0 2unished 1or contem2t in the 2resence o1 the trial court
Bhere the attorne0 sincerel0 @elieved that his acts Bere necessar0 @ecause the trial court did not
understand the argument Bhich the attorne0 Bas asserting. )he trial court had sustained a
government o@Fection to testimon0 @0 a Bitness concerning a certain s2eech given @0 a 2erson Bho
Bas not a Bitness at the trial. /1ter the courtJs ruling, the attorne0 continued to argue that the s2eech
Bas relevant, des2ite re2eated directions 1rom the Fudge to discontinue that argument, in that such
testimon0 allegedl0 Bould have demonstrated the nonviolent intent o1 the de1endants, Bho Bere
charged Bith violation o1 the +ederal /nti*&iot /ct. )he court, in hearing the contem2t question
u2on remand 1rom an a22ealN""O o1 the trial courtJs action in that regard, held that the attorne0 Bas
not guilt0 o1 the s2eci1ication, 2ointing out that the attorne0 sincerel0 @elieved that the Fudge had not
given him a reasona@le o22ortunit0 to @e heard and that the Fudge did not 1ull0 understand his
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00584

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2osition. 6udge 4oBard 2la0ed 1oot@all at 7N&, and, 2erha2s, liAe ther undersignedJs 1ather, Bho
2la0ed tail@acA 1or )ulane in the $EC on scholarshi2 1rom Da0ton 5hio Ethird 1astest Bhite @o0 in
5hio circa #6"=, 6udge 4oBardJs a22roach here Khits the / ga2 a little too hardK. )he undersigned
is no stranger to getting 1ouled @0 the 1ine com2etitors 4ug 4igh $chool 2roduces, liAe Charles,
Claude, DuAe, /rmon, )re0, $hondor, )0e, and )omm0, though: &eno 4igh BasAet@all Cli22ings
#(!*2--(ish: htt2:CCcid22e2e@ee5aa!1d1.sA0drive.live.comC@roBse.as2,C.>u@lic
htt2:CCBBB.n1hs.orgCrecord@ooAC&ecords.as2,LCategor03dP#-!" 3m2ertinence, attacAs u2on
com2etenc0 or im2artialit0, or the liAeQConduct held not to Barrant summar0 2unishment 7nder
the 2articular circumstances o1 each o1 the 1olloBing cases, it Bas held that remarAs @0 an attorne0,
considered @0 the trial court to @e an attacA u2on its conduct o1 the trial and there1ore to @e
contem2tuous, did not Barrant that courtJs summar0 2unishment o1 the attorne0. 3n >armelee
)rans2. Co. v Deeshin E#6#, C/! 3ll= 22 +2d (-6, a case arising out o1 a trial courtJs summar0
2unishment o1 an attorne0 1or contem2t, and a22arentl0 governed @0 &ule 42Ea= o1 the +ederal &ules
o1 Criminal >rocedure,N4"O the court held that the record did not su22ort the trial courtJs action, even
though the trial court had regarded certain conduct o1 the attorne0 to @e im2ertinent and
disres2ect1ul. 3n one o1 the s2eci1ications o1 contem2t, the trial court cited the 1act that, u2on that
courtJs sustaining o1 o@Fections to certain questions 2ut @0 the attorne0 to a Bitness, the attorne0 had
remarAed Kthat is craM0,K @ut the court, noting that the remarA Bas not intended to @e heard @0 either
the trial court or Fur0, and that the record 1ailed to shoB that the trial Fudge tooA an0 notice o1 the
remarA at the time, held that contumacious conduct had not @een 2roved under the s2eci1ication. )he
court also held that the attorne0Js remarA that the trial court had Ka sardonic sense o1 humor,K in
commenting u2on certain actions taAen @0 that court, did not constitute contem2t 1or Bhich the trial
court had the authorit0 to im2ose summar0 2unishment.N44O /nd see 7nited $tates e, rel. &o@son v
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00585
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5liver E#!2, C/! 3ll= 4!- +2d #-, Bhere the court stated that an attorne0Js remarAs ma0 have
suggested disres2ect 1or the trial courtJs rulings, @ut nevertheless reversed the trial courtJs summar0
im2osition o1 2unishment u2on the attorne0 1or contem2t, under &ule 42Ea= o1 the +ederal &ules o1
Criminal >rocedure, on the ground that such remarAs did not cause an actual disru2tion o1 the trial
2roceedings. 3n 4am2ton v 4anrahan E#!, C/! 3ll= 6-- +2d 6--, revd, in 2art on other grounds
446 7$ !54, 64 8 Ed 2d 6!-, #-- $ Ct #(!, reh den 44( 7$ #", 65 8 Ed 2d ##!6, #-# $ Ct ""
and reh den 44( 7$ #", 65 8 Ed 2d ##!!, #-# $ Ct "" and on remand END 3ll= 4 + $u22 64- and
on remand END 3ll= 522 + $u22 #4-, the court reversed the trial courtJs summar0 holding that an
attorne0 Bas in contem2t on the ground that the attorne0Js conduct did not o@struct Fustice, @ut the
court also 2ointed out that the attorne0Js remarA, u2on Bhich the contem2t holding Bas @ased, Bas
misinter2reted @0 the trial Fudge as @eing intended to re1lect im2ro2erl0 u2on him, Bhere in 1act the
remarA Bas made @0 the attorne0 in an attem2t to clari10 a 2revious statement.N45O /n attorne0Js
mere statement that the trial courtJs sustaining o1 an o@Fection to a question o1 the attorne0 2recluded
the attorne0 1rom cross*e,amining the Bitness Bas held in >helan v ;uam E#6(, C/ ;uam= "4
+2d 2", not to Barrant the summar0 im2osition o1 2unishment u2on the attorne0 1or criminal
contem2t, under &ule 42Ea= o1 the +ederal &ules o1 Criminal >rocedure E7.$.C./., +&Cr> &ule
42Ea==. )he court 2ointed out that the attorne0 had asAed 1or an e,ce2tion to the courtJs ruling,
Bhereu2on the court voluntaril0 tooA it u2on itsel1 to tell the attorne0 Bh0 the court had sustained
the o@Fection. )he attorne0 then de1ended the 2ro2erness o1 his question. 3n reversing the trial courtJs
holding o1 contem2t, the court 2ointed out that there Bas nothing in the language used @0 the
attorne0 Bhich could @e construed as hostile or de1iant, or in an0 manner o@structing the 2rocedure
o1 the trial. 3m2ro2er questioning NCumulative $u22lementO 3n the 1olloBing cases, it Bas held that
an attorne0Js 2ersistent im2ro2er questioning o1 Bitnesses constitutes ground 1or the im2osition o1
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00586
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summar0 2unishment 1or contem2t @0 a 1ederal trial court. /n attorne0Js 2ersistence in cross*
e,amining Bitnesses Bith regard to irrelevant matters, a1ter o@Fections had @een sustained Bith
res2ect to such questioning, Bas held in 4allinan v 7nited $tates E#5-, C/ Cal= #(2 +2d ((-, cert
den "4# 7$ 52, 5 8 Ed #"!5, !# $ Ct #-#-, reh den "42 7$ 56, 6 8 Ed !#-, !2 $ Ct 62" and
reh den "4" 7$ "#, 6 8 Ed #"4#, !2 $ Ct !56, to Fusti10 the trial courtJs im2osition o1 summar0
2unishment 1or contem2t under &ule 42Ea= o1 the +ederal &ules o1 Criminal >rocedure. )he
questioning u2on Bhich the trial courtJs contem2t holding Bas @ased related to a 2rior de2ortation
2roceeding against the de1endant, Bhich in no Ba0 Bas related to the 2resent 2rosecution, to alleged
Bireta22ing o1 the de1endantJs tele2hones in order to o@tain evidence in such 2rior de2ortation
2roceeding, and to the 2ractices o1 a 2rosecution Bitness Bith regard to his duties as an attorne0 1or
the Bureau o1 3mmigration and NaturaliMation. Noting that the attorne0Js 2ro2er course o1 action, i1
the trial court erroneousl0 had held that the matters inquired into Bere irrelevant, Bas to a22eal
those holdings rather than to continue to attem2t to introduce irrelevant evidence, the court u2held
the 2unishment im2osed @0 the trial court. /n attorne0Js im2ro2er questioning o1 Bitnesses,
including the use o1 questions Bhich o@viousl0 Bere intended to @esmirch those Bitnesses, Bas held
to Fusti10 a summar0 holding o1 criminal contem2t, under &ule 42Ea= o1 the +ederal &ules o1
Criminal >rocedure, in 511utt v 7nited $tates E#5"= " /22 DC #4(, 2-( +2d (42, revd on other
grounds "4( 7$ ##, 8 Ed ##, !5 $ Ct ##, Bhere the court a11irmed such a holding @0 the trial
court, although reducing the 2unishment im2osed. 3t Bas noted that on several occasions the
attorne0 had asAed the Bitnesses questions that Bere highl0 2reFudicial to those Bitnesses and 1or
Bhich there Bas no 1oundation. +or e,am2le, he had asAed the victim o1 an a@ortion, charged
against the de1endant, KBhenK she Bas arrested in the case, Bhereas in 1act she never had @een
arrested. 3t Bas held that such conduct su22orted the trial courtJs summar0 1inding o1 contem2t.
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00587
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C7?78/)3'E $7>>8E?EN) Cases: /ttorne0Js conduct in continuing to cross*e,amine 2olice
o11icer a1ter Fudge had ruled that 2olice log Bas not admissi@le Bas not contem2t Bhere attorne0
claimed that he Bas tr0ing to im2each BitnessesJ memor0, not la0 1oundation 1or admission o1 log,
so that his conduct could not @e said to @e Bill1ul. 7nited $tates v ;iovanelli E#-, C/2 N9= (!
+2d #22!. 3n criminal 2rosecution, trial court 2ro2erl0 meted out Fudgments o1 criminal contem2t to
de1ense counsel 1or misconduct in cross*e,amining Bitnesses Bhere trial Fudge on several occasions
Barned counsel that he Bould not alloB them to 2ursue lines o1 questioning that he later held to @e
contem2tuous, on one occasion he alloBed them to e,2lain at length Bh0 the0 thought questioning
Bas 2ro2er, and Bhere Fudge made 1ull and convincing e,2lanation o1 actions in Britten orders
issued shortl0 a1ter adFuging counsel in contem2t. 7nited $tates v 8oBer0 E#(4, C/! 3ll= !"" +2d
44#, cert den E7$= (" 8 Ed 2d 264, #-5 $ Ct "2!. &esort to summar0 dis2osition o1 criminal
contem2t 2roceeding under &ule 42Ea=, +ederal &ules o1 Criminal >rocedure, is 2ermissi@le onl0
Bhen e,2ress requirements o1 rule are met and Bhen there is com2elling reason 1or immediate
remed0 or Bhen time is o1 essence. )hus, attorne0Js conviction 1or criminal contem2t
in 2ursuing line o1 questioning 1or@idden @0 court Bould @e reversed, since record shoBed that
there Bas no com2elling need 1or immediate remed0 2rovided @0 &ule 42Ea=, +ederal &ules o1
Criminal >rocedure, and that trial court, @0 its oBn actions, did not consider time to @e o1 essence<
trial court should have o@served KnormalK 2rocedureK o1 notice and hearing, 2rovided @0 &ule 42E@=,
+ederal &ules o1 Criminal >rocedure. 7.$. v. ?oschiano, 65 +.2d 2"6, #2 +ed. &. Evid. $erv. #24
E!th Cir. #(2=. $ee 7nited $tates v )urner E#(!, C/## /la= (#2 +2d #552, R #4. )he undersigned
Kcontinuing lines o1 inquir0K Bas not sanctiona@le. 8egitimate rationale e,ists and or Bas o11ered
1or all inquir0 2ursued. +urther, 6udge 4oBard admitted in the last 2art o1 the audio record that he
had Eat the time o1 maAing his $ummar0 Contem2t 1inding announcement= @e mistaAen in @elieveing
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00588
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that the Novem@er #4, 2-## original trial date did not go o11 due to the undersignedJs 1ault, Bhich
Bas not the case. the undersigned shoBed u2 1or that trial, its Bas some@od0 else 1ault that it did not
go o11. )ardiness or 1ailure to a22earQConduct held not to Barrant summar0 2unishment
NCumulative $u22lementO )he courts in the 1olloBing cases have held that an attorne0Js a@sence or
tardiness did not Fusti10 the trial courtJs summar0 2unishment o1 the attorne0 1or contem2t. /n
attorne0Js 1ailure to a22ear at a Fudicial hearing Bas held not to Barrant the summar0 im2osition o1
2unishment 1or contem2t, under &ule 42Ea= o1 the +ederal &ules o1 Criminal >rocedure, in 6essu2 v
ClarA E#!", C/" >a= 4- +2d #-6(. )he attorne0 had @egun a trial in a state court 2 da0s 2rior to
the date scheduled 1or the 1ederal court trial at Bhich he 1ailed to a22ear. )he state court trial
continued through the da0 o1 the scheduled @eginning o1 the 1ederal court trial. )he attorne0 stated
that he had continued to conduct the state court trial @elieving that he Bas o@ligated to do so, and
that he had @rought the matter to the attention o1 the state court Fudge and Bas instructed @0 that
Fudge to remain at the state court trial. )he 1ederal courtJs 1inding o1 contem2t Bas reversed, it @eing
held that the attorne0Js conduct did not taAe 2lace in the 2resence o1 the court, as required 1or
summar0 2unishment under &ule 42 Ea=, and that there had @een no need 1or immediate 2enal
vindication o1 the dignit0 o1 the court.N5-O /nd see &e ?onroe E#!6, C/5 )e,= 5"2 +2d 424,
Bhere it Bas held that an out*o1*state attorne0Js 1ailure to a22ear at trial did not amount to contem2t
under the circumstances. 3t is not clear Bhether the case 1alls Bithin the sco2e o1 this annotation
since, although the trial court recited as authorit0 &ule 42Ea= o1 the +ederal &ules o1 Criminal
>rocedure, that court stated that it Bas not going to charge the attorne0 Bith criminal contem2t @ut
onl0 civil contem2t, Bhereas &ule 42Ea= a22lies onl0 to summar0 criminal contem2t 2roceedings.
Nevertheless, the a22ellate court stated that, as a matter o1 laB, there Bas no contem2t, the court
2ointing out that the attorne0 Bas una@le to a22ear @e1ore the trial court @ecause o1 his 2artici2ation
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00589
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in a murder trial in another state Bhich had @egun several months 2reviousl0. +urther, the attorne0Js
1ailure to 1ile a motion 1or continuance at least #- da0s @e1ore the trial date, as required @0 local
rules, Bas in 2art caused @0 a dela0 in the mails and a dela0 in his a@ilit0 to o@tain re2lacement local
counsel a1ter his local counsel had BithdraBn 1rom the case. 4is motion 1or continuance had in 1act
arrived at the trial court # BeeA @e1ore the trial date. Noting that it Bas not esta@lished that the
attorne0 had actual AnoBledge o1 the #-*da0 rule, or that local counsel had advised him o1 it, the
court concluded that the attorne0Js conduct Bas at most negligent, stating that such conduct did not
contain the elements o1 intentional or Bill1ul action or 1lagrant disregard o1 the courtJs rules or orders
necessar0 1or contem2t. )ardiness or 1ailure to a22ear at a court hearing Bas held not to Fusti10 the
im2osition o1 summar0 2unishment u2on attorne0s 1or contem2t, under &ule 42Ea= o1 the +ederal
&ules o1 Criminal >rocedure, at least Bhere such 1ailure or tardiness is unintentional, in 7nited
$tates v Delahant0 E#!", C/6 D0= 4(( +2d "6. 5ne attorne0 Bas a22ro,imatel0 #- minutes late
1or a 2retrial con1erence @ecause o1 his un1amiliarit0 Bith the cit0, tra11ic congestion, and di11icult0
in 1inding a 2arAing s2ace. / second attorne0, Bho Bas cocounsel Bith the 1irst attorne0,
intentionall0 did not a22ear, @ecause he had other matters to attend to in a di11erent cit0, @ut he had
requested the 1irst attorne0 to re2resent @oth o1 them at the hearing. 3n reversing the summar0
2unishment im2osed @0 the trial court, the court held that the conduct com2lained o1, the a@sence o1
the attorne0s 1rom the courtroom, did not occur Bithin the actual 2resence o1 the court as required
under &ule 42Ea=, and that the essential element o1 criminal intent Bas a@sent. N5#O /nd see &e /llis
E#!6, C/ Cal= 5"# +2d #"#, cert den 42 7$ --, 5- 8 Ed 2d #(5, ! $ Ct 26!, su2ra R ##,
Bhere the court, in holding that an attorne0Js tardiness is not summaril0 2unisha@le @0 a court, under
&ule 42Ea= o1 the +ederal &ules Criminal >rocedure, since it is not conduct committed in the actual
2resence o1 the court, commented that tardiness alone is not contem2t, since the reasons 1or such
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00590
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tardiness are im2ortant in determining the e,istence o1 the requisite Brong1ul intent on the 2art o1
the attorne0. )he notice o1 a22eal does and should a22l0 to the $ummar0 Contem2t 5&der as Bell,
that order Bas ridiculous and shame1ul."" /8& "rd 44(, /22eala@ilit0 o1 Contem2t /dFudication or
Conviction. &ight to counsel )he need 1or a22ointed counsel in a civil contem2t 2roceeding 1or
non2a0ment o1 child su22ort turns on an initial determination o1 indigenc0, 1or unless a 2art0 is trul0
indigent, the $tate need not 2rovide re2resentation< i1 an indigent 2art0 1aces the threat o1 2ossi@le
incarceration 1or the non2a0ment o1 child su22ort, the court should then seeA to @alance the 2rivate
li@ert0 interest at staAe, the governmentJs interest, and the risA o1 an erroneous 1inding, taAing into
account the com2le,it0 o1 the legal and 1actual issues and the 2art0Js a@ilit0 to e11ectivel0
communicate on his oBn @ehal1. &odrigueM v. Eighth 6udicial Dist. Court e, rel. Count0 o1 ClarA,
2--4, #-2 >."d 4#, #2- Nev. !(, certiorari denied #25 $.Ct. 2-5, 545 7.$. ###6, #62 8.Ed.2d 2(.
Child $u22ort 4# 3n determining Bhether an indigent 2art0 in a contem2t 2roceeding @ased on
non2a0ment o1 child su22ort has a due 2rocess right to a22ointment o1 counsel, a1ter @alancing each
o1 the due 2rocess elements against the other, the0 as a Bhole are measured against the 2resum2tion
that a right to a22ointed counsel arises onl0 Bhen the indigent 2art0 ma0 lose his 2ersonal 1reedom.
&odrigueM v. Eighth 6udicial Dist. Court e, rel. Count0 o1 ClarA, 2--4, #-2 >."d 4#, #2- Nev. !(,
certiorari denied #25 $.Ct. 2-5, 545 7.$. ###6, #62 8.Ed.2d 2(. Constitutional 8aB 444 N. &. $.
22.-#-, N' $) 22.-#- /Bout #- minutes into the K)rialK 6udge 4oBard +ound the undersigned in
contem2t, Bhereu2on the si,th amendment righ to counsel Bas invoAed, Bhich 6udge 4oBard curtl0
dismissed. the $ummar0 Contem2t 5&der is void, avaingst 2u@lic 2olic0, 2revented a 1air trial,
demonstrated evident im2artialit, and severl0 curtailed the undersigned 1aith in the court and @elie1
that an0 evidence he o11ered or testimon0 Bould @e given 1air treatment, @ut rather, the undersigned
Bas givne the message that he Bould @e clu@@ed Bith an0thing he said, as such, testimon0 and
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00591
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evidence Ethat Bhich Bas not @eing Bithheld illegall0 @0 &ichard 43ll, Esq. 2ursuant to an unlaB1ul
rent distraint= Bas not given a legitimate o22orutnit0 to @e admitted or o11ered.+or 2ur2oses o1
statute governing summar0 contem2t 2roceedings 1or direct contem2t committed in FudgeJs
2resence, Bhich requires court to Henter an order,I Bhile a trial courtJs oral contem2t order is
immediatel0 en1orcea@le, a Britten order including the statuteJs required elements must @e 2rom2tl0
entered. 4ouston v. Eighth 6udicial Dist. Court e, rel. Count0 o1 ClarA, 2--6, #"5 >."d #26, #22
Nev. 544. Contem2t 52 6. **** $u11icienc0 /22ro2riate remed0 1or attorne0 Bho had @een 1ound in
direct contem2t o1 court in divorce 2roceeding in Bhich he re2resented Bi1e, Bhere contem2t order
had @een 1ound to @e insu11icient @0 $u2reme Court, in that it did not contain a su11icient statement
concerning Bhat conduct Bas held to @e contem2tuous, Bas to 2ermit trial court to enter amended
order, given that $u2reme CourtJs o2inion addressed issue o1 1irst im2ression and announced
standard 1or contents o1 Britten contem2t order. 4ouston v. Eighth 6udicial Dist. Court e, rel.
Count0 o1 ClarA, 2--6, #"5 >."d #26, #22 Nev. 544. Contem2t 66E(= / Britten summar0 contem2t
order, issued 2ursuant to statute governing summar0 contem2t 2roceedings 1or direct contem2t
committed in FudgeJs 2resence, must set 1orth s2eci1ic 1acts concerning the conduct 1ound to @e
contem2tuous. 4ouston v. Eighth 6udicial Dist. Court e, rel. Count0 o1 ClarA, 2--6, #"5 >."d #26,
#22 Nev. 544. Contem2t 52 :ritten summar0 contem2t order 1inding attorne0 1or Bi1e in divorce
2roceeding in direct contem2t o1 court 1ailed to indicate Bhat 2articular comments @0 attorne0 Bere
held to @e contem2tuous, and, thus, order Bas insu11icient, under statute governing summar0
contem2t 2roceedings 1or direct contem2t committed in FudgeJs 2resence. 4ouston v. Eighth 6udicial
Dist. Court e, rel. Count0 o1 ClarA, 2--6, #"5 >."d #26, #22 Nev. 544 6udge 4oBardJs $ummar0
Contem2t 5&der is laugha@l0 conclusor0 and generic. 3t must @e set aside on that an other @asis.
+urther, the record on a22eal demonstrates that the Contem2t 5&der does
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00592
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not seem to have @een served, their is no >roo1 o1 $ervice as 1ar as 3 can tell so 1ar....to either the
undersigned or the Cit0 /ttorne0. /$ such, a Notice o1 Entr0 is required and the District Court ma0
not even have Furisdiction 0et on this / K2leadingK is not a KmotionK, @ut... &78E #5. /?ENDED
/ND $7>>8E?EN)/8 >8E/D3N;$ )e,t Ea= /mendments. / 2art0 ma0 amend the 2art0Ss
2leading once as a matter o1 course at an0 time @e1ore a res2onsive 2leading is served or, i1 the
2leading is one to Bhich no res2onsive 2leading is 2ermitted and the action has not @een 2laced
u2on the trial calendar, the 2art0 ma0 so amend it at an0 time Bithin 2- da0s a1ter it is served.
5therBise a 2art0 ma0 amend the 2art0Ss 2leading onl0 @0 leave o1 court or @0 Britten consent o1
the adverse 2art0< and leave shall @e 1reel0 given Bhen Fustice so requires. / 2art0 shall 2lead in
res2onse to an amended 2leading Bithin the time remaining 1or res2onse to the original 2leading or
Bithin #- da0s a1ter service o1 the amended 2leading, Bhichever 2eriod ma0 @e the longer, unless
the court otherBise orders. N/s amended< e11ective 6anuar0 #, 2--5.O E@= /mendments to Con1orm to
the Evidence. :hen issues not raised @0 the 2leadings are tried @0 e,2ress or im2lied consent o1 the
2arties, the0 shall @e treated in all res2ects as i1 the0 had @een raised in the 2leadings. $uch
amendment o1 the 2leadings as ma0 @e necessar0 to cause them to con1orm to the evidence and to
raise these issues ma0 @e made u2on motion o1 an0 2art0 at an0 time, even a1ter Fudgment< @ut
1ailure so to amend does not a11ect the result o1 the trial o1 these issues. 31 evidence is o@Fected to at
the trial on the ground that it is not Bithin the issues made @0 the 2leadings, the court ma0 alloB the
2leadings to @e amended and shall do so 1reel0 Bhen the 2resentation o1 the merits o1 the action Bill
@e su@served there@0 and the o@Fecting 2art0 1ails to satis10 the court that the admission o1 such
evidence Bould 2reFudice the 2art0 in maintaining the 2art0Ss action or de1ense u2on the merits. )he
court ma0 grant a continuance to ena@le the o@Fecting 2art0 to meet such evidence. N/s amended<
e11ective 6anuar0 #, 2--5.O Ec= &elation BacA o1 /mendments. :henever the claim or de1ense
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00593
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asserted in the amended 2leading arose out o1 the conduct, transaction, or occurrence set 1orth or
attem2ted to @e set 1orth in the original 2leading, the amendment relates @acA to the date o1 the
original 2leading. Ed= $u22lemental >leadings. 72on motion o1 a 2art0 the court ma0, u2on
reasona@le notice and u2on such terms as are Fust, 2ermit the 2art0 to serve a su22lemental 2leading
setting 1orth transactions or occurrences or events Bhich have ha22ened since the date o1 the
2leading sought to @e su22lemented. >ermission ma0 @e granted even though the original 2leading is
de1ective in its statement o1 a claim 1or relie1 or de1ense. 31 the court deems it advisa@le that the
adverse 2art0 2lead to the su22lemental 2leading, it shall so order, s2eci10ing the time there1or.
Nevada N&C> 6-E@=E"= alloBs a 2art0 to move 1or relie1 1rom a Fudgment Bhich is void, and Bhile
motions made under N&C> 6-E@= are generall0 required to K@e made Bithin a reasona@le timeK and
to @e adFudicated according to the district courtJs discretion, this is not true in the case o1 a void
Fudgment. Necessaril0 a motion under this 2art o1 the rule di11ers marAedl0 1rom motions under the
other clauses o1 &ule 6-E@=. )here is no question o1 discretion on the 2art o1 the court Bhen a motion
is made under Nthis 2ortion o1 the &uleO. Nor is there an0 requirement, as there usuall0 is Bhen
de1ault Fudgments are attacAed under &ule 6-E@=, that the moving 2art0 shoB that he has a
meritorious de1ense. Either a Fudgment is void or it is valid. Determining Bhich it is ma0 Bell
2resent a di11icult question, @ut Bhen that question is resolved, the court must act accordingl0. B0
the same toAen, there is no time limit on an attacA on a Fudgment as void. . . . NEOven the requirement
that the motion @e made Bithin a Kreasona@le time,K Bhich seems literall0 to a22l0 . . . cannot @e
en1orced Bith regard to this class o1 motion. 7nderstanda@l0, the 2arties Bere not attuned to our
recent 6aco@s decision during oral argument. /ccordingl0, it Bas determined at that time to alloB
the 2arties to su22lement their @rie1s in order to determine Bith certaint0 Bhether, in 1act, no de1ault
had @een entered against ;arcia 2rior to the entr0 o1 the de1ault Fudgment. ;arciaJs su22lemental
- 16
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00594
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material su22lied additional evidence that no de1ault Bas ever entered, including an a11idavit @0
ClarA Count0 Court ClerA 8oretta BoBman attesting that no such 1iling e,ists in the case 1ile.
&es2ondents also acAnoBledged that no de1ault Bas ever entered @ut argue in their su22lemental
@rie1 that 6aco@s should not @e a22lied retroactivel0, noting that the de1ault Fudgment at issue herein
Bas entered 2rior to our 6aco@s decision. )his argument is Bithout merit. )he court in 6aco@s
determined, consistent Bith laB 1rom other Furisdictions, that the de1ault Fudgment entered in 6aco@s
Bas void. :e accordingl0 ordered the district court to grant relie1 1rom the void Fudgment, des2ite
the 1act that the ruling in 6aco@s Bas, o1 course, 2receded @0 entr0 o1 the de1ault Fudgment against
6aco@s. 31 this case, rather than 6aco@s, Bere @e1ore us as a case o1 1irst im2ression, Be Bould have
reached the same conclusion. / void Fudgment is void 1or all 2ur2oses and ma0 not @e given li1e
under a theor0 @ased u2on lacA o1 legal 2recedent. ;arcia v. 3deal $u22l0 Co., ##- Nev. 4", (!4
>.2d !52 ENev. 5C#C#4=. )he de1ective service rendered the district courtJs 2ersonal Furisdiction
over ;assett invalid and the Fudgment against her void. +or a Fudgment to @e void, there must @e a
de1ect in the courtJs authorit0 to enter Fudgment through either lacA o1 2ersonal Furisdiction or
Furisdiction over su@Fect matter in the suit. >u2hal v. >u2hal, 66 >.2d ## E3daho #("=. 3n >rice v.
Dunn, #-6 Nev. #--, !(! >.2d !(5 E#-=. :e noB hold that the 1iling o1 a motion to set aside a
void Fudgment 2reviousl0 entered against the movant shall not constitute a general a22earance. $ee,
e.g., Do@son v. Do@son, #-( Nev. "46, "4, ("- >.2d #""6, #""( E#2=. Nonetheless, since the
order Bas void, a Fudgment @ased thereon Bould liAeBise @e void.. Nelson v. $ierra Constr. Cor2.,
!! Nev. ""4, "64 >.2d 4-2. 7nder N&C> 6-E@= a motion to set aside a void Fudgment is not
restricted to the si, monthsJ 2eriod s2eci1ied in the rule. N&C> 54Ea= 2rovides that the Bord
KFudgmentK as used in these rules includes an0 order 1rom Bhich an a22eal lies. )here1ore there is no
merit to a22ellantsJ contention that the motion to vacate the Fudgment Bas not timel0 made. +oster v.
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00595
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8eBis, !( Nev. ""-, "!2 >.2d 6! ENev. 6C#C#62=. / void Fudgment is su@Fect to collateral attacA<
a Fudgment is void i1 the issuing court lacAed 2ersonal Furisdiction or su@Fect matter Furisdiction< $ee
4 C.6.$. 6udgments R 4-#, at !2 E#4! T su22. ##=< 46 /m.6ur.2d 6udgments RR 62#*56 E#6
T su22. ##=. NeB ?e,ico 31 a courtJs decision is 2lainl0 contrar0 to a statute or the constitution,
the court Bill @e held to have acted Bithout 2oBer or Furisdiction, maAing the Fudgment void 1or
&ule #*-6-EB= 2ur2oses, even i1 the court had 2ersonal and su@Fect*matter Furisdiction. $ee, e.g.,
7nited $tates v. 3ndoor Cultivation Equi2., 55 +."d #"##, #"#! E!th Cir. #5= E1or1eiture statute
required that com2laint @e 1iled Bithin si,t0 da0s o1 certain action< 1ailure to meet that deadline
meant that court had no 2oBer to order 1or1eiture, and its order Bas void=< :atts v. >incAne0, !52
+.2d 4-6, 4- Eth Cir. #(5= Ea1ter Fudgment aBarded, de1endant 2aid, then 1ound out this Bas
action in admiralt0 that should have @een @rought solel0 against 7nited $tates< court held that
Fudgment Bas void=< Com2ton v. /lton $.$. Co., 6-( +.2d 6, #-4 E4th Cir. #!= EFudgment @0
de1ault aBarded 2enalt0 Bages under ina22lica@le statute< court held that Fudgment Bas void, not
Fust erroneous=< see also '.)./., 3nc. v. /irco, 3nc., 5! +.2d 22-, 224*25 E#-th Cir. #!= Enoting
that Fudgment can @e void i1 courtJs action involves a K2lain usur2ation o1 2oBerK=< Cros@0 v.
Bradstreet Co., "#2 +.2d 4(", 4(5 E2d Cir. #6"= Ecourt had no 2oBer to im2ose unconstitutional
2rior restraint on 2u@lication o1 true statements, so thirt0*0ear*old consent Fudgment Bas void=. 3n
/>C/, />C/ as a de1endant 1iled a cross*claim against de1endant ?artineM, @ut it Bas void
@ecause not served on ?artineM. 5n +e@ruar0 2(, #6(, entr0 o1 Fudgment Bas made on />C/Js
cross*claim against ?artineM. +our 0ears later, ?artineMJ heirs moved to set aside the />C/
Fudgment under &ule 6-E@= and in Decem@er, #!2, the #6( Fudgment Bas set aside @ecause it Bas
void. No time limit a22lies Bhere a void Fudgment is entered. /l@uquerque >rod. Credit /ssJn v.
?artineM, # N.?. "#!, 5!" >.2d 6!2 E#!(=. $ince the #!" Fudgment Bas void, the #!6 district
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00596
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court Bas required to set it aside 2ursuant to N.?.&. Civ.>. 6-E@=E4= NR 2#*#*#E6-=E@=E4=O, N.?.$./.
#5" E&e2l. 'ol.#!-=. )here is no discretion on the 2art o1 a district court to set aside a void
Fudgment. $uch a Fudgment ma0 @e attacAed at an0 time in a direct or collateral action. ChaveM v.
Count0 o1 'alencia, (6 N.?. 2-5, 52# >.2d ##54 E#!4=. /t this 2oint Be call attention also to
language 1ound in the o2inion in ?oore v. >acAer, #!4 N.C. 665, 4 $.E. 44, 45-, noticed @0 us
and quoted Bith a22roval in the Eal0 case. 3t Bas there said: K/ void Fudgment is Bithout li1e or
1orce, and the court Bill quash it on motion, or e, mero motu. 3ndeed, Bhen it a22ears to @e void, it
ma0 and Bill @e ignored ever0Bhere, and treated as a mere nullit0.K /ll the a22ellees rel0 u2on this
general rule in ansBer to a22ellantsJ challenge that the0 never tooA an a22eal 1rom the order and
Fudgment setting
aside the 6une, #"! de1ault Fudgment and decree. )he court @eing Bithout Furisdiction to set aside
its earlier Fudgment and decree, quieting title, a22ellees might ignore it as a void order or Fudgment,
the0 sa0, and 1or this reason Bere not required to taAe an a22eal there1rom, and ma0 question the
Furisdiction o1 the court and the validit0 o1 the order or Fudgment at an0 time. Board o1 Count0
Commissioners o1 Uua0 Count0 v. :asson, "! N.?. 5-", 24 >.2d #-(< +ullen v. +ullen, 2# N.?.
2#2, #5" >. 24< Baca v. >erea, 25 N.?. 442, #(4 >. 4(2< De Baca v. :ilco,, ## N.?. "46, 6( >.
22. 3n the case o1 72Fohn Co. v. Board o1 Commissioners o1 $ocorro Count0 E$te2henson,
3ntervener= 25 N.?. 526, #(5 >. 2!, 2(-, Be held a Fudgment against a garnishee void Bhere
service o1 the Brit o1 garnishment Bas made @0 a 2erson other than the sheri11, Bhere Be said: K)he
2roceeding is Bholl0 statutor0, and com2liance Bith the statute is essential to con1er u2on the court
Furisdiction o1 the res.K /nd held that the court Bas vested Bith 2oBer to set aside and vacate such
void Fudgment at an0 time. / void Fudgment is one that has merel0 sem@lance, Bithout some
essential element or elements, as Bhere the court 2ur2orting to render it has not Furisdiction. /n
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00597
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irregular Fudgment is one entered contrar0 to the course o1 the court, contrar0 to the method o1
2rocedure and 2ractice under it alloBed @0 laB in some material res2ect, as i1 the court gave
Fudgment Bithout the intervention o1 a Fur0 in a case Bhere the 2art0 com2laining Bas entitled to a
Fur0 trial, and did not Baive his right to the same. 'ass v. Building /ssociation, # N. C. 55< ?cDee
v. /ngel, - N. C. 6-. /n erroneous Fudgment is one rendered contrar0 to laB. )he latter cannot @e
attacAed collaterall0 at all, @ut it must remain and have e11ect until @0 a22eal to a court o1 errors it
shall @e reversed or modi1ied. /n irregular Fudgment ma0 originall0 and generall0 @e set aside @0 a
motion 1or the 2ur2ose in the action. )his is so @ecause in such case a Fudgment Bas entered
contrar0 to the course o1 the court @0 inadvertence, mistaAe, or the liAe. / void Fudgment is Bithout
li1e or 1orce, and the court Bill quash it on motion, or e, mero motu. 3ndeed, Bhen it a22ears to @e
void it ma0 and Bill @e ignored ever0Bhere, and treated as a mere nullit0.K ?oore v. >acAer, #!4 N.
C. 665, 4 $. E. 44, at 2age 45-. N)Ohe a22lica@le ground N1or relie1O Bould @e &ule 6-EB=E4=, void
Fudgment, under Bhich the 1ailure to move to vacate Bithin one 0ear a1ter the entr0 o1 Fudgment
Bould not @e controlling. Classen v. Classen, ## N.?. 5(2, (" >.2d 4!(, "4 N.?. $t. B. Bull. 24
EN.?./22. -2C2!C#5=. )he a22ellants contend that the court lost Furisdiction over the action thirt0
da0s a1ter the Fudgment Bas vacated. )he0 argue that the a22ellees never a22ealed the order Bhich
vacated the Fudgment, consequentl0, thirt0 da0s later the court Bas divested o1 authorit0 to entertain
an0 motion concerning these 2arties and the same cause o1 action, and that 1or these reasons the
motion to amend the cross*claim Bas im2ro2erl0 granted. )his 2oint is not Bell*taAen. )he 2ertinent
2ortions o1 &ule 6-E@= state: 5n motion and u2on such terms as are Fust, the court ma0 relieve a
2art0 or his legal re2resentative 1rom a 1inal Fudgment, order, or 2roceeding 1or the 1olloBing
reasons:... E4= the Fudgment is void.... /n order granting a motion 1or relie1 under 6-E@= must @e
tested @0 the usual 2rinci2les o1 1inalit0< and Bhen so tested Bill occasionall0 @e 1inal, although
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00598
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2ro@a@l0 in most cases it Bill not @e. )hus Bhere the court, in addition to determining that there is a
valid ground 1or relie1 under 6-E@=, at the same time maAes a re*determination o1 the merits, its order
is 1inal since it leaves nothing more to @e adFudged.... $ince ?artineM never received notice o1 the
cross*claim, the sti2ulated Fudgment Bas void as to him. )here1ore, it Bas com2letel0 2ro2er 1or his
heirs to move to set aside that void Fudgment under &ule 6-E@=E4=. :hen the original Fudgment Bas
vacated as to ?artineM, the status o1 the case Bas as though no Fudgment had @een entered as to him.
:uenschel v. NeB ?e,ico Broadcasting Cor2., (4 N.?. #-, 5-- >.2d #4 E#!2=< Benall0 v.
>igman, !( N.?. #(, 42 >.2d 64( E#6!=< /rias v. $2ringer, 42 N.?. "5-, !( >.2d #5" E#"(=.
&ule 6-E@= o1 the &ules o1 Civil >rocedure a@olishes the common laB Brit o1 coram no@is @ut
authoriMes relie1 1rom a K1inal Fudgment, order, or 2roceedingK on si, s2eci1ied grounds. ;round E2=
involves neBl0 discovered evidence< ground E4= involves a void Fudgment< and ground E6= involves
Kan0 other reason Fusti10ing relie1K. /lthough &ule 6-E@= is a civil rule, $tate v. &omero, su2ra, held
that Bhere a 2risoner had served his sentence and had @een released, this civil rule could @e utiliMed
to seeA relie1 1rom a criminal Fudgment claimed to @e void. )his result Bas @ased on an intent to
retain all su@stantive rights 2rotected @0 the old Brit o1 coram no@is. $ee $tate v. &a@urn, su2ra<
&oessler v. $tate, ! N.?. !(!, 45- >.2d #6 ECt. /22. #6=, cert. denied, "5 7.$. 6!, ( $. Ct.
2##5, 2" 8. Ed. 2d !54 E#6=. Continuing Furisdiction over 1inal Fudgment. )he Fudgment entered
on /2ril 25 Bas a 1inal Fudgment. )he Cit0 argues that BrooAs could o@tain relie1 1rom the Brit
issued on ?a0 # onl0 under $C&/ #(6, "*!-4EB= E&e2l. >am2. #-=, Bhich limits relie1 to E#=
mistaAe, inadvertence, sur2rise or e,cusa@le neglect< E2= 1raud, misre2resentation or other
misconduct< E"= a void Fudgment< or E4= satis1action, release or discharge o1 the Fudgment or the
reversal or vacation o1 a 2rior Fudgment u2on Bhich it is @ased. 4oBever, N?$/ #!(, $ection "4*
(/* 6EE= E&e2l. >am2. #-=, states that K/ll Fudgments rendered in civil actions in the metro2olitan
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00599
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court shall @e su@Fect to the same 2rovisions o1 laB as those rendered in district court.K 7nder
N?$/ #!(, $ection "*#*# E&e2l. >am2. ##=, 1inal Fudgments and decrees entered @0 the district
courts remain under the control o1 such courts 1or thirt0 da0s a1ter entr0 thereo1. )here1ore, the
metro2olitan court retained control o1 its Fudgment and had the right to set it aside a1ter granting a
rehearing on the matter. $ee, e.g., Nichols v. Nichols, ( N.?. "22, "26, 64( >.2d !(-, !(4 E#(2=
Edistrict court is authoriMed under $ection "*#*# to change, modi10, correct or vacate a Fudgment on
its oBn motion= Eciting DesFardin v. /l@uquerque NatJl BanA, " N.?. (, 56 >.2d (5( E#!==.
)he 1act that the void Fudgment has @een a11irmed on revieB in an a22ellate court or an order or
Fudgment reneBing or reviving it entered adds nothing to its validit0. $uch a Fudgment has @een
characteriMed as a dead lim@ u2on the Fudicial tree, Bhich ma0 @e cho22ed o11 at an0 time, ca2a@le
o1 @earing no 1ruit to 2lainti11 @ut constituting a constant menace to de1endant.K :/88$ v.
E&7>C35N ?3N. C5. 6 >.2d #-2# Novem@er ", #"#. 6udge 4oBards 6udgment and $ummar0
Contem2t 5&der are @oth void 1or all the reasons listed a@ove in vieB o1 all the 2leadings and
2a2ers and attachments on 1ile in this matter, es2eciall0 Bhen one adds in all the 1iling and materials
that should @e in the &ecord on /22eal, @ut strangel0 are not. correcting clerical errors in Fudgments:
Nevada /lamo 3rr. Co. v. 7.$., (# Nev. "-, 4-4 >.2d 5 E#65= Q $u22 Channel #" o1 8as 'egas,
3nc. v. Ettlinger, 4 Nev. 5!(, 5(" >.2d #-(5 E#!(= Q $u22 +inle0 v. +inle0, 65 Nev. ##", #(
>.2d ""4 E#4(= Q $u22 ;ottBals v. &encher, 6- Nev. "5, ( >.2d 4(#, #26 /.8.&. #262 E#4-= Q
$u22 3veson v. $econd 6udicial Dist. Court, 66 Nev. #45, 2-6 >.2d !55 E#4= Q $u22 DirA2atricA
v. )emme, ( Nev. 52", 654 >.2d #-## E#(2= Q $u22 Doester v. /dministrator o1 Estate o1
Doester, #-# Nev. 6(, 6" >.2d 56 E#(5= Q $u22 ?cDissicA v. ?cDissicA, " Nev. #", 56-
>.2d #"66 E#!!= Q $u22 52aco 8um@er T &ealt0 Co. v. >hi22s, !5 Nev. "#2, "4- >.2d 5 E#5=
Q $u22 $ilva v. $econd 6udicial Dist. Court in and 1or :ashoe Count0, 5! Nev. 46(, 66 >.2d 422
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00600
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E#"!= Q 33, 3V, V33, V333, V', V'3i, V3V $mith v. E22erson, !2 Nev. 66, 24 >.2d "62 E#56= Q
$u22
CONCLUSION
&egardless, the K6udgmentK or K5rderK here Bas not a22ro2riatel0 served on the undersigned
on Novem@er "-th, 2-##. +urther, the undersigned made man0, man0 calls and Britten attem2ts
and tri2s to the &?C to o@tain a co20 o1 the Contem2t 5rder, the ;uilt0 6udgment, and the audio
recording o1 the )rial and all Bere either not granted, not 2rovided, or 2rovided in such a dela0ed
manner as to create an undul0 2reFudicial situation adversel0 e11ecting the undersigneds rights
su11icient to im2ermissi@l0 com2romise 1undamentals notions o1 1airness and due 2rocess.
+urther, the 5rder is KrenderedK Bhen 6udge 4oBard sa0s it is KrenderedK, and 6udge 4oBard
clearl0 indicated, on the record, as demonstrated in the audio record, Bhich Bill @e availa@le to the
District Court ultimatel0, the #- da0 deadline 1or 1iling a Notice o1 /22eal Bould not @egin running
until a1ter the " da0 $ummar0 Contem2t 5rderJs three da0 Fail sentence concluded. Damn, this
stu11 is com2licated. $ure it nice to see the government goign hard as a mother to 2rotect lil olJ
:al*?art Bhom is rumored to @e the su@Fect o1 a documentar0 a@out hoB the0 have a intricate
s0stem o1 Beasling out o1 their K&eturn >olic0K and retaliating against those Bho call them on it.
Dated this +e@ruar0 #, 2-#2
CsC Zach CoughlinWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
>ro $e /ttorne0 /22ellant
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00601
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*****************************

PROOF OF SERVICE
5n 1e@ruar0 #, 2-#2, 3, ?r. Zach Coughlin served the 1oregoing document @0 1a,ing and
delivering and serving u2on registered e1ilers and de2ositing a true and correct co20 in the 7$ ?ail
addressed to:
>/? &5BE&)$, E$U
654N D/D83C, E$U
P.O. Box 1900 Reno , N !9"0"
P#one N$m%er& ''"(()*0"0
+ax n$m%er& ''"(()*)*0
Zach Coughlin
/;EN) 5+ />>E88/N)
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00602

.-
EXHIBIT #1
EXHIBIT #1
00603

/
00604

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Document Code: 2645
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
FILED
Nevada Bar No: 9473

2UI2 FEB - I PM 5: 0, I
1422 E. 9th St. #2
Reno. NY 89512
Tele: 775-338-8118
Fax: 949-667-7402
Zaclle ough I i n@hotmail.colll
Attomey for Appellant
IN THE SECOND JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT OF THE STATE OF NEY ADA
ZACH COUGHLIN;
)
)
Appellant. )
)
vs. ) CASE NO: CRII-2064
)
CITY OF RENO
) DEPT. NO: 10
)
Respondents. )
)
COMES NOW, Appellant Zach Coughlin, by and through his attomey, Zachary Barker
Coughlin. Esq. and offers his_SUPPLEMENT TO MOTION TO DISMISS. The undersigned was
instrucled by the Second Judicial District Court to submit a cd/dvd for filing as an exhibit to a filing
in this manner.
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00605
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Also. this document does not contain any social security number or other inappropriate material
Dated this February 1.2012
,
---'"'
/s/ Zach Cou in//"
Zach Cou m, J5iSq.
~ r Se Attorney Appellant
.J
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00606
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PROOF OF SERVICE
I, Zach Coughlin. declare:
On february 1. 2012. I, Mr. Zach Coughlin served the foregoing document by faxing and
delivering and serving upon registered eiilers and depositing a true and correct copy in the US Mail
addressed to:
PAM ROBERTS, ESQ
JOHN KADLIC, ESQ
Reno Clty Attorney's Offlce - Cnmmal 01vls10n
P.O. Box 1900 Reno. NV 89505
Phone Number. 7753342050
fax number: 7753342420
Attorney for Respondent, City of Reno
/--------:J d
) ___J / ~ C --- ---
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Zach C ghlm
AGE OF APPELLANT
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00607

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NDEX TO EXHIBITS:
. EXHIBIT 1 cd OF AUDIO OF II 30 11 TRIAL IN RMC 11 CR 22176 FROM RMC; ONE cd
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00608
Clerk Accepted: 02-02-2012:08:31:50
Document(s) Submitted: Supplemental ...
COUGHLIN
00609
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F I L E D
Electronically
02-02-2012:02:38:43 PM
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Nevada Bar No: 4!"
#422 E. th $t. %2
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3N /ND +5& )4E C57N)9 5+ :/$45E
Z/C4 C57;483N< =
=
/22ellant, =
=
vs. = C/$E N5: C&##*2-64
=
C3)9 5+ &EN5 = DE>). N5: #-
=
&es2ondents. =
=
NOTICE TO SET HEARING
Coughlin, Esq , and 1iles this Notice to $et 4earing @ased u2on:
BN&$ #(.-65 Dismissal 1or 1ailure to set or reset a22eal 1or hearing.
#. /n a22eal must @e dismissed @0 the district court unless 2er1ected @0 a22lication o1 the de1endant, Cithin 6- da0s
a1ter the a22eal is 1iled in the Dustice court, @0 having it set 1or hearing.
2. 31 an a22eal has @een set 1or hearing and the hearing is vacated at the request o1 the a22ellant, the a22eal must @e
dismissed unless a22lication is made @0 the a22ellant to reset the hearing Cithin 6- da0s a1ter the date on Chich the
hearing Cas vacated.
&ule #. /22eals 1rom munici2al and Dustice courts.
#. /ll a22eals 1rom the munici2al or Dustice courts in criminal cases shall @e set 1or trial or hearing Cithin 6- da0s o1
the date o1 a22lication 1or setting. / setting @e0ond 6- da0s ma0 @e made onl0 i1 a22roved in Criting @0 the trial Dudge or
- 1
N5)3CE )5 $E) 4E/&3N;
00610
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the chie1 Dudge. 31 a trial setting is continued @0 order o1 the court, the case shall @e reset Cithin 6- da0s o1 the date o1 the
order 1or continuance.
2. 31 multi2le settings 1or a22eal trials in an0 one court de2artment e,ceed the ca2acit0 o1 that de2artment, settings
shall @e made in the designated de2artment scheduled to handle the over1loC. 31 that courtEs calendar @ecomes 1ull,
assignment shall @e made to an0 other availa@le de2artment.
". /22eals in criminal cases shall @e set 1or trial on )hursda0s and +rida0s, unless the trial Dudge
or the chie1 Dudge grants 2ermission to maAe such settings on other Dudicial da0s.B
>8E/$E N5)E 5N )47&$D/9, +EB&7/&9 th /) #-:"- /.?. the undersigned Cill a22ear
@e1ore De2artment #-, either in 2erson or tele2honicall0 to $et a 4earing 1or this matter in
com2liance Cith the a@ove authorit0.
Dated this +e@ruar0 2nd, 2-#2
FsF Zach CoughlinGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
N' Bar No. 4!"
#422 E. th $t. %2
&eno, N' (5#2
)ele: !!5*""(*(##(
+a,: 4*66!*!4-2
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N5)3CE )5 $E) 4E/&3N;
00611
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*****************************

PROOF OF SERVICE
5n +e@ruar0 2, 2-#2, 3, ?r. Zach Coughlin served the 1oregoing document @0 1a,ing and
>/? &5BE&)$, E$H
654N I/D83C, E$H
P.O. Box 1900 Reno , N !9"0"
P#one N$m%er& ''"(()*0"0
+ax n$m%er& ''"(()*)*0
Zach Coughlin
/;EN) 5+ />>E88/N)
- 3
N5)3CE )5 $E) 4E/&3N;
00612
Clerk Accepted: 02-02-2012:14:58:17
Document(s) Submitted: Notice to Set
COUGHLIN
00613
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Code: 3860
JOHN J. KADLIC
Reno City Attorney
PAMELA G. ROBERTS
Reno, Nevada 89505
* * 0 * *
Appellant, CASE NO.: CRll-2064
vs. DEPT. NO.: 10
corporation,
Respondent.
16 /
1+---------------------------
17
18 REPLY IN SUPPORT OF MOTION TO DISMISS
19 Comes now, Pamela G. Roberts, Deputy City Attorney, hereby files a Reply in Support
20 of Motion To Dismiss the appeal of Appellant Zachary Coughlin based upon the following
21 Points and Authorities, the Declaration of Pamela G. Roberts, attached hereto as Exhibit 1 and
22 Exhibits A and B attached to the Declaration, another pleadings on file herein.
23 POINTS AND AUTHORITIES
24 On January 19,2012, the Respondent filed a Motion to Dismiss Appeal. On January 30,
25 2012, the Appellant filed his Opposition to Motion to Dismiss Appeal. Pursuant to D.C.R 13 (4),
26 the moving party may serve and file reply points and authorities within five days after service of
27 the answering points and authorities. Pursuant to D.C.R. 4, if the fifth day (in this case February
28
Reno City Attorney
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NV 89505
-1-
F I L E D
Electronically
02-06-2012:04:41:30 PM
Clerk of the Court
00614
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Reno City Attorney
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NV 89505
4,2012) falls upon a non-judicial day (in this case, Saturday), the reply may be filed on the next
judicial day, which is in this case is Monday, February 6, 2012.
The basis of the City's Motion to Dismiss Appeal is limited to one issue, whether or not
the Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal. In his Opposition to Motion to Dismiss Appeal,
Appellant argues that Judge Howard extended the time for him to file his notice to appeal
because Appellant would be in custody for three days due to the Court sentencing Appellant to
three days jail after a finding of Contempt. In support of this argument, Appellant quotes an
excerpt from the audio CD of the trial proceedings, supported by his own declaration that this
excerpt represents a completely true and accurate transcription made from and Audio CD which
he purchased from the Reno Municipal Court. Unfortunately, Appellant has not provided the
District Court or Respondent with a copy of the audio CD and no one can confirm or refute the
accuracy of this excerpt. Exhibit 1, Declaration of Pamela G. Roberts. However, assuming the
excerpt is true and accurate, the Reno Municipal Court does not have the authority to extend the
time to file a notice of appeal. The timely filing of a notice of appeal is jurisdictional and is an
essential prerequisite to the perfection of an appeal. Scherer v. State, 89 Nev. 372, 513 P.2d 1232
(1973). The Nevada Supreme Court has consistently held that the timely filing of a notice of
appeal is jurisdictional. State v Sant, 110 Nev. 748, 877 P. 2
nd
545 (1994) (citing Lozada v.
State, 110 Nev. 349, 871 P.2d 944 (1994); Rust v. Clark Cty. School District, 103 Nev. 686,747
P.2d 1380 (1987); Scherer v. State, 89 Nev. 372, 513 P.2d 1232 (1973). In United States v.
Robinson, 361 U.S. 220, 30 S.Ct. 282, (1959), the U.S. Supreme Court held that an appeal from
a judgment of conviction must be filed within the time fixed by the Federal Rules of Criminal
Procedure and held that the 10-day period is mandatory and jurisdictional. In this case, because
the notice of appeal is from the Reno Municipal Court to the District Court, NRS 189.010
proscribes the applicable time to file an appeal- 10 days. See Reno Municipal Code 2.16.070.
The Record on Appeal clearly shows that the written judgment of conviction was signed
by Judge Howard on November 30, 2011 and filed on that same date. See Exhibit lA, a copy of
the Judgment of Conviction. In addition, where the Appellant was instructed to sign
acknowledgment of receiving the written order, it is noted that he refused. See Exhibit 1A.
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Reno City Attorney
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NV 89505
Furthermore, the Record on Appeal clearly shows that the Notice of Appeal was filed and
received by the Reno Municipal Court on December 13,2011. Exhibit 1B, a copy of the Notice
of Appeal filed by Appellant without his attachments.
In his Opposition to Motion to Dismiss, Appellant makes numerous allegations regarding
the conduct of many people, including but not limited to, the Honorable Kenneth Howard, the
Reno Municipal Court staff, Walmart employees, Reno Sparks Indian Colony Officers, the
prosecutor at the petit larceny trial. He also attached nurmerous exhibits that are irrelevant to the
issue of whether the notice of appeal was timely filed. Pursuant to NRAP 28 0), this Honorable
Court should disregard and strike all "burdensome, irrelevant, immaterial and/or scandalous
matters" contained in Appellant's pleadings. The Respondant will not address them further.
Finally, on February 1, 2012, the Appellant filed a "Supplement to Motion to Dismiss"
without requesting leave from the Court to do so. Accordingly, the Respondent respectfully
requests the Court disregard the Supplement in its entirety and order the Appellant to provide the
Respondent with a copy of the audio CD that is referred to his Opposition.
CONCLUSION
Based upon the foregoing, the Respondent requests the appeal be dismissed as the notice
of appeal was not timely filed, that this failure is jurisdictional and neither the Reno Municipal
Court nor this Honorable Court has the authority to extend the ten (10) period.
The undersigned attorney certifies that a copy of this Reply has been mailed to all
counsel of record.
Respectfully submitted this 6-11, day of February, 2012.
JOHN J. KADLIC
Reno City Attorney
By:
p ~ o ~
PAMELA G. ROBERTS
Reno, Nevada 89505
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AFFIRMATION
The undersigned does hereby affirm that the preceding document Reply In Support of
Motion to Dismiss
8 (Title of Document)
9 ______________________

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-OR-
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-OR-
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21 Date:
(Signature)
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Pamela G. Roberts
24
(Print Name)
City of Reno
(Attorney for)
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Reno City Attomey
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NY 89505
00617
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Reno City Attorney
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NY 89505
business practices.
D
Personal delivery.
D
Facsimile (FAX).
D
D
1422 East 9
th
St #2
Reno, NV 89512
DATED this Co day of February 2012.
\\..1" o o ~ ~ kL (bl
Penelope H. Co r
00618
List of Attachments
Declaration of Pamela A. Roberts .......................................................................... Exhibit 1
00619
Exhibit 1
F I L E D
Electronically
02-06-2012:04:41:30 PM
Clerk of the Court
00620
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Reno City Attorney
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NV 89505
Code: 1030
JOHN J. KADLIC
Reno City Attorney
Pamela G. Roberts
Reno, Nevada 89505
* * 0 * *
Appellant, CASE NO.: CR11-2064
vs. DEPT. NO.: 10
corporation,
Respondent.
/
1+---------------------------
DECLARATION OF PAMELA G. ROBERTS
1. That declarant is a Deputy City Attorney with the Reno City Attorney's Office.
2. That this unsworn declaration in lieu of an affidavit or other sworn declaration is
made pursuant to NRS 53.045.
3. That as of the date of this declaration, I have not received a copy of the audio CD
referred to in Appellant Coughlin's Opposition to Motion to Dismiss Appeal and his
subsequent Supplement in Support of Motion to Dismiss.
4. That Exhibit A attached to this Declaration is a true and correct copy of the Judgment
of Conviction included in the Record on Appeal.
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Reno City Attorney
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NV 89505
5. That Exhibit B attached to this Declaration is a true and correct copy of the Notice of
Appeal filed by Appellant, except that Exhibit B does not include the voluminous
attachments filed with the Notice of Appeal.
I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.
Executed on _..LF---.::e=0'--'-V"--"-U=t{-'--.:.'1--<'..=.0+
1
-=L-=---O_,=----Z_
Pamela G. Roberts
Reno City Attorney's Office
-2-
00622
Exhibit A
00623
/
I
ONE SOUTH SIERRA STREET, RENO, NV 89505
Mailing: P.O. Box 1900, Reno, NV 89505 PHONE (775)334-2290 FAX (775)334-3824
VS.
DEFENDANT: COUGHLIN, ZACHARY
Court Case#: 11 CR 22176 21 Status: OPEN
Agency#: RSICPIIC110627 Language: ENGLISH
DOB: 09/27/1976
Accident#: Booking#: 15953
9/9/2011 FORMAL COMPLAINT FILED WITH THE COURT
10/10/201 I THE DEFENDANT APPEARED, WAS EXPLAINED HISIHER RIGHTS BY THE JUDGE AND INDICATED THAT
HE/SHE UNDERSTOOD THEM COMPLETELY.
11/30/200 CITY'S EXHIBIT MARKED/ADMITTED I,
11/30/2011 PRESENT IN COURT FOR THE CITY OF RENO: PAM ROBERTS AND FOR THE DEFENSE: PRO PER
Charge I: 08.10.040 - PETIT LARCENY/THEFT - VALUE LESS THAN $250.00 PCN#: 85747926 WRT#:
Jail Days: 0
Offense Dt: 09/09/2011
Suspended Days: 0
Arrest Dt: 09/09/2011
Plea: 11130/2011 - GUILTY
TOTAL OWING AS OF THIS DATE: $360.00
360.00
360.00 o o
Additional Fees 40.00 40.00 o
, Supervision Fee Subtotal: Supv Fee(s) Due:
$400.00 $40.00 $0
Charge 1: Fine Subtotal:
Fee (CHEM,DV,GF,HIV,LDF,TTP,WITF) Subtotal:
COURT CASE #: 11 CR 22176 21
Page I of3
Defendant Initials: Print Date: 11/30/2011 Data Date: 11/30/2011
00624
THE DEFENDANT SHALL REPORT IMME OR UPON RELEASE FROM JAIL, TO Th_ .:itl"TENCE COMPLIANCE WINDOW
FOR ORIENTATION AND THEREAFTER AS OFTEN AS DIRECTED BY THE RENO MUNICIPAL COURT MARSHAL DIVISION.
F AlLURE TO DO SO WILL RESULT IN THE ISSUANCE OF A FAILURE TO COMPL Y WARRANT AND INCARCERATION FOR
CONTEMPT OF COURT. THE SENTENCE COMPLIANCE WINDOW IS LOCATED ON THE FIRST FLOOR OF THE RENO MUNICIPAL
COURT, ONE SOUTH SIERRA ST, RENO, NV (775) 334-2290.
THE DEFENDANT SHALL APPEAR AS ORDERED FOR ALL REVIEWS AND SHALL COOPERATE FULLY WITH THE
BAILIFFSIMARSHALS AND ALL COURT STAFF.
ITHE DEFENDANT SHALL ATTEND ALL REVIEWS, COURT APPEARANCES AND COURT-ORDERED PROGRAMS ON TIME AND
I PRIOR TO CHANGING HISIHER ADDRESS OR PHONE NUMBER, THE DEFENDANT SHALL NOTIFIY THE COURT OF SUCH
! CHANGE.
IOBEY ALL LAWS.
11/14/2011 ADDITIONAL CASE INFORMATION: 3 city witnesses had appeared for bench trial
11/14/2011 ADDITIONAL CASE INFORMATION: DEFENDANT WAS IN CUSTODY AT TIME AND DATE OF BENCH TRIAL;
DEFENDANT WAS TRANSPORTED BUT NOT BROUGHT INTO COURT
11114/2011 ADDITIONAL CASE INFORMATION: BAIL FORFEITURE CANCELLED
11130/2011 ADDITIONAL CASE INFORMATION: CITY REST ITS CASE; DEFENSE BEGINS HIS CASE, 6:55
11130/2011 ADDITIONAL CASE INFORMATION: DEFENDANT REFUSED TO STATE WHETHER OR NOT HE WOULD BE TESTIFIED;
11/30/2011 ADDITIONAL CASE INFORMATION: CLOSING BY BOTH PARTIES
10/10/2011 ADDITIONAL CASE INFORMATION: DEFENDANT DID NOT WANT A COURT APPOINTED ATTORNEY.
/1 THE HONORABLE----.-- #.7.,:0 -\---=-----:=--==r.,
Ii JUDGE'S SIGNATURE: YJ DATE: l 3D \\ :;
i
l
. _____._.-'_._______ .___ ____.__ ... __"" ____ ...._!!
II You are ordered by the Court to arrive drug/alcohol free and on time for all Court hearings and Court related progams. Failure to II
Iappear in Court will result in the issuance of a warrant for your arrest. Any violation of this instant order may result in contempt II
I
II proceedings and the filing of criminal charge:. In accordance NRS 22.010, it is a. for. person to .fail, II
II refuse or neglect to comply With the terms of any order Issued by the MUlllcIP.al Court Judge. ThiS order W a III effect Un]l the 11
I
II Court issues another order superseding it. "v .' J II/3D { II
.II UNDERSTAND AND PROMISE TO OBEY THIS ORDER. "'. C/I II
,. '"1
'1:
1
DATE: " 11
d ;1
II I, THE SWORN INTPRETER HAVE FULLY INTERPRETED THIS ORDER TO THE H
Ii DEFENDANT: DATE: TIME: !i
!! !I
I RECEIVED BY DEPUTY: DATE: TIME: _____
l ISSUED BY MARSHAL: DATE: TIME:
II
q
DEFENDANT: COUGHLIN, ZACHARY BARKER Agency#: IC110627 COURT CASE #: 11 CR 22176 21
Page 3 of3
Defendant Initials: Print Date: 11130/2011 Data Date: 11130/2011
00625
Ordered D.
Next ProofDt:
Next ProofDt:
Balance:
Completed Dt:
ov 30, 2011
< ; , \ ~ \ : ;;:
..,'.."
FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BAIL AS DESCRIBED IN THIS ORDER WILL RESULT IN THE ISSUANCE OF A
FAILURE TO COMPL Y WARRANT OR IMMEDIATE ARREST AND INCARCERATION FOR CONTEMPT OF COURT AND/OR BAIL
REVOCATION. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, CONTACT THE SENTENCE COMPLIANCE WINDOW LOCATED ON THE FIRST
FLOOR OF THE RENO MUNICIPAL COURT, ONE SOUTH SIERRA ST, RENO, NV (775) 334-2290.
THE DEFENDANT SHALL APPEAR AS ORDERED FOR ALL REVIEWS AND SHALL COOPERATE FULLY WITH THE
. BAILIFFS/MARSHALS AND ALL COURT STAFF.
THE DEFENDANT SHALL ATTEND ALL REVIEWS, COURT APPEARANCES AND COURT-ORDERED PROGRAMS ON TIME AND
THE DEFENDANT SHALL KNOW HIS/HER COURT DATE AND MAINTAIN CONTACT WITH HISIHER ATTORNEY.
PRIOR TO CHANGING HISIHER ADDRESS OR PHONE NUMBER, THE DEFENDANT SHALL NOTIFIY THE COURT OF SUCH
CHANGE.
OBEY ALL LAWS.
Next ProofDt:
Balance:
Completed Dt:
DEFENDANT: COUGHLIN, ZACHARYBARKER-- Agency#: IC110627
Page 2 of3
Defendant Initials: Print Date: 11/30/2011 Data Date: 11130/2011
00626
Exhibit B
00627
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I
Zach Coughlin
.. ' i.. .'
817 N. Virginia St. #2 - '.' .
- "'" <
:- ' .. "0//''
Reno, NY 89501
Tele: 775-229-6737
, "--,
Fax: 949-667-7402
Pro per Defendant! Appellant
JUSTICE COURT RENO TOWNSIllP
WASHOE COUNTY, NEVADA
CITY OF RENO;
)
Plaintiff.
)
v. )
ZACHARY BARKER COUGHLIN ) Case No: 11 CR 2217621
Defendant. ) Dept No: Judge Howard
)
)
)
)
Notice of Appeal. Motion to Vacate and or Set Aside. JCRCP 59. JCRCP 60. Motion for
Reconsideration: Motion for Recusal
00628
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Notice of AppeaL Motion to Vacate and or Set Aside, JCRCP 59, JCRCP 60, Motion for
Reconsideration: Motion for Recusal: Motion For Publication Of Transcript at Public Expense,
Petition for In Forma Pauperis Status
POINTS AND AUllfORlTIES
CASE APPEAL STATEMENT
Defendant! Appellant, Zach Coughlin, hereby files this Notice of Appeal, Motion to Vacate and
or Set Aside, JCRCP 59, JCRCP 60, Motion for Reconsideration; Motion for Recusal; Motion For
Publication Of Transcript at Public Expense, Petition for In Fonna Pauperis Status.
POINTS AND AUllfORlTIES
ANALYSIS
INCORPORATE BY REFERENCE ALL LAW AND ASSERTIONS IN ATTACHED
PAPERS AND PLEADINGS AND WRITINGS IN EXHIBIT 1:
RULE 59. NEW TRIALS; AMENDMENT OF JUDGMENTS
(a) Grounds. A new trial may be granted to all or any of the parties and on all or part ofthe issues for any of the
following causes or grounds materially affecting the substantial rights of an aggrieved party: (l) Irregularity in the
proceedings of the court, jury, master, or adverse party, or any order of the cotn1:, or master, or abuse of discretion by
which either party was prevented from having a fair trial; (2) Misconduct of the jury or prevailing party; (3) Accident or
surprise which ordinary prudence could not have guarded against; (4) Newly discovered evidence material for the party
making the motion which the party could not, with reasonable diligence, have discovered and produced at the trial; (5)
Manifest disregard by the jury of the instructions of the court; (6) Excessive damages appearing to have been given under
the influence of passion or prejudice; or, (7) Error in law occurring at the trial and objected to by the party making the
motion. On a motion for a new trial in' an action tried without a jury, the court may open the judgment if one has been
entered, take additional testimony, amend findings of fact and conclusions of law or make new [mdings and conclusions,
and direct the entry ofa new judgment
(b) Time for Motion. A motion for a new trial shall be fIled no later than 10 days after service of written notice of the
entry of the judgment.
(c) Time for Serving Affidavits. When a motion for new trial is based upon affidavits they shall be filed with the motion.
The opposing party has 10 days after service within which to file opposing affidavits, willch peliod may be extended for
an additional period not exceeding 20 days either by tr'le court for good cause shown or by the parties by written
stipulation. The court may permit reply affidavits.
(d) On Court's Initiative; Notice; Specifying Grounds. No later than 10 days after entry ofjudgment the court, on its
OW11, may order a nevI trial for any reiison that would justifY granti..'1g one on a party's motion. After giving the parties
notice and an opportunity to be heard, the court may grant a timely motion for a new trial for a reason not stated in the
motion. When granting a new trial on its own initiative or for a reason not stated in a motion, the court shall specify the
grounds in its order.
(e) Motion to Alter or Amend a Judgment. A motion to alter or amend the judgment shall be filed no later than 10 days
after service of written notice of entry of the judgment.
[As amended; effective July 1,2005.]
Notice of AnneaL Motion to Vacate and Of ~ t Aside. JCRCP 59 .. JCRCP 60 .. Motion for
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RULE 60. RELIEF FROM JUDGMENT OR ORDER
(a) Clerical Mistakes. Clerical mistakes in judgments, orders or other parts of the record and errors therein arising from
oversight or omission may be corrected by the court at any time of its own initiative or on the motion ofany party and
after such notice, ifany, as the court orders. During the pendency of an appeal, such mistakes may be so corrected before
the appeal is docketed in the appellate court, and thereafter while the appeal is pending may be so corrected with leave of
the appellate court
(b) Mistakes; Inadvertence; Excusable Neglect; Newly Discovered Evidence; Fraud, Etc. On motion and upon such
terms as are just, the court may relieve a party or party's legal representative from a fmal judgment, order, or proceeding
for the following reasons: (1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect; (2) newly discovered evidence which
by due diligence could not have been discovered in time to move for a new trial under Rule S9(b); (3) fraud (whether
heretofore denominated intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation or other misconduct of an adverse party; (4) the
. udgment is void; or, (5) the judgment bas been satisfied, released, or discharged, or a prior judgment upon which it is
based has been reversed or otherwise vacated, or it is no longer equitable that an injunction should have prospective
application. The motion shall be made within a reasonable time, and for reasons (I), (2), and (3) not more than 6 months
after the proceeding was taken or the date that written notice of entry of the judgment or order was served. A motion
under this subdivision (b) does not affect the fmality ofa judgment or suspend its operation. This rule does not limit the
power ofa court to entertain an independent action to relieve a party from a judgment, order, or proceeding, or to set
aside a judgment for fraud upon the court Writs of coram nobis, coram vobis, audita querela, and bills of review and bills
in the nature of a bill of review, are abolished, and the procedure for obtaining any relief from a judgment shall be by
motion as prescribed in these rules or by an independent action.
(c) Default Judgments: Defendant Not Personally Served. When a default judgment shall have been taken against any
party who was not personally seIVed with summons and complaint, either in the State ofNevada or in any other
urisdiction, and who has not entered a general appearance in the action, the court, after notice to the adverse party, upon
motion made within 6 months after the date ofservice of written notice of entry of such judgment, may vacate such
. udgment and allow the party or the party's legal representatives to answer to the merits ofthe original action. When,
however, a party has been personally seIVed with summons and complaint, either in the State ofNevada or in any other
urisdiction, the party must make application to be relieved from a default, a judgment, an order, or other proceeding
taken against the party, or for permission to fIle an answer, in accordance with the provisions of subdivision (b) of this
rule.
(d) Default Judgments: Modification Nunc Pro Tunc. \Vhenever a default judgment or decree has been entered, the
party or parties in default therein may at any time thereafter, upon written consent of the party or parties in whose favor
udgment or decree has been entered, enter general appearance in the action, and the general appearance so entered shall
have the same force and effect as ifentered at the proper time prior to the rendition of the judgment or decree. On such
appearance being entered the court may make and enter a modified judgment or decree to the extent only of showing such
general appearance on the part of the party or parties in default, and it shall be entered nunc pro tunc as of the date of the
original judgment or decree; provided, however, that nothing herein contained shall prevent the court from modifying
such judgment or decree as stipulated and agreed in writing by the parties to such action, and in accordance with the term
of such written stipUlation and agreement.
RULE 62. STAY OF PROCEEDINGS TO EN""FORCE A TLIDGlvffiNT
(3) Automatic Stay. Except as stated herein, no execution shall issue upon a judgment nor shall proceedings be taken for
its enforcement until the expiration of 10 days after service ofwTitten notice of its entry.
(b) Stay on Motion for New Trial or for Judgment In its discretion fu"1d on such conditions for the security of the
adverse party as are p.roper, the court may st.ay the execution of or any proceedings to en.force ajudgment pending the
disposition of a motion for a new tt-ial or to alter or amend a judgment made pursuant to Rule 59, or of a motion for relief
from a judgment or order made pursuant to Rule 60, or of a motion for judgment in accordance with a motion for a
. udgment as a matter of law made pursuant to Rule 50, or of a motion for amendment to the findings or for additional
findings made pursuant to Rule 52(b).
(c) Reserved.
(d) Stay Upon Appeal. ",,'hen an appeal is taken the appellant by giving a supersedeas bond may obtain a stay. The bond
may be given at or after th<': time of filing the noti;;e of appeal. The stay is effective when L.'1e supersedeas bond is filed.
Notice of Appeal. Motion to Vacate and or Set ,"',.side_ JCRCP 59, JCRCP oil Motion for
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(e) Stay in Favor of the State or Agency Tbereof. When an appeal is taken by the State or by any COlillty, city or town
within the State, or an officer or agency thereof and the operation or enforcement of the judgment is stayed, no bond,
obligation, or other security shall be required from the appellant
(f) Reserved.
(g) Power of Appellate Court Not Limited The provisions in this rule do not limit any power ofan appellate court or 0
a judge or justice thereof to stay proceedings during the pendency of an appeal or to suspend, modify, restore, or grant an
injunction during the pendency ofan appeal or to make any order appropriate to preserve the status quo or the
effectiveness of the judgment subsequently to be entered.
(h) Stay of Judgment as to Multiple Claims or Multiple Parties. When a court has ordered a fInal judgment under the
conditions stated in Rule 54{b), the comt may stay enforcement of that judgment until the entering of a subsequent
'udgment or judgments and may prescribe such conditions as are necessary to secure the benefIt thereofto the party in
whose favor the judgment is entered.
(As amended; effective July 1,2005.]
prosecutorial misconduct (such as the D.A withholding "exculpatory" evidence that could've helped your defense)
judicial errors (such as the judge permitting evidence that should've been excluded or vice versa)
erroneous application of a law or regulation improper jury instructions
ineffective assistance of counselor other malpractice the evidence did not prove your guilt beyond a reasonable doubt
I went to the fIling office at the fu'\1C a couple times recently, including today, and sent in another written request seeking
an audio tape of the Trial in RMC 1 I CR 22176 IC 110627 RSIC but was told by a Clerk that I would need to pay for
the entire Trial to be transcribed, and only then would I be allowed to read it, and that I would not be allowed to access
the audio ofthe hearing? Is this correct? I need to have the audio of the Trial to fmish my Rule 59, 60, and Motion for
Reconsideration Motions ... .! will pay for the audio. I have received many audio cdldvd's from both Reno Justice Court
and Washoe District Court, and it was announced in court that the trial was being audio recorded, as such, I hope you will
afford me a copy. Today, I called the fuYlC and spoke with Veronica, wno sounded very angry with me and dismissive. I
was summarily sentenced to 3 days injail at the end of the trial in this matter, even wi1ere I had been denied my Sixth
Amendment Right To Counsel, after a Contempt committed in the court's presence fmding was announced, in addition to
a guilty verdict in the underlying action.. Veronica infoITIled me that she was at the trial and that the RMC had failed to
mail me or otherwise serve me with a copy of the written Order, either for the guilty conviction in the underlying case or
the contempt order. I was forced into handcuffs so quickly ater Judge HO\\'3fd concluded issuing his oral ruling that I was
not even able to save my notes on my computer, it was literally apparently that exigent a situation to handcuff me....Then
a few Marshalls place some pieces of paper in front of me and demanded I sign them, fu"1d becanle angry, like Veronica
and like Ivrarshall Monte, I believe, w ~ at the arraingment, wllen I asked a simple question related to due process,
something many at the fuYrC do not seem all fr.at enamored with. I asked ifI could even read the papers they were
demanding I sign right then and there. The curtly and 10l..,dly said no, then dragged me away before I could read the
papers, much less sign them. Veronica snarled at me that that \-vas all the service of the Order of Contempt and Guilty
Verdict that I would get, but that she might fax it to me, ho,vever, no fax has arrived, despite my illustrating the
exigencies of receiving the Order in preparing my Relief From Judgrnent Motions. Veronica continue to curtly refuse to
provide me any copy of any of L'le previously filed Orders of the Court urJess I paid for them, despite my apparently not
having been provided a copy of such orders in the fIrst place. I have no idea what those papers were (they certainly were
not iTl the property given to me upon my release from jail) and have received nothing in the mail, despite updating the
RMC wit'1 my new address of: 817 N. VirgirJa St #2, Reno l\ry 89501 artd filing an official Change of Address with the
USPS shortly after I was summarily evicted (despite th.ere being only a No Cause Sununlli7 Eviction notice against my
commercial lease, sometnulg entirely probibited against under N""RS 40.253. Not only \vas I denied my Sixth Amendment
Fight to Counsel where jail ti..111e was a possibility (and where, I, in fact was jailed, i.llunediately). I was denied a
continuance L..'1 this matter despite a ,,,Titten assent to one by Reno City Attorney Pam Roberts 1l11d despite the fact that the
Notice of AppeaL Motion to Vacate and or Set Aside, JCRCP 59, JCRCP 60, Motion for
Reconsideration; Motion for Recusal
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Reno City Attorney was given one by my supposed appointed counsel Lew Taitel (whom is "associated with"
( http://www.nevcs.com/attomey.htmI) an entity that I happen to be suing Nevada Comt Services, incident to the same
eviction proceeding for which Mr. T aitel did grant, and the RMC did grant, a continuance in the other RMC case against
me, the trespass action that was set for trial on December 13th, because Richard G. Hill, who I am also suing in
connection with the wrongful eviction against, was going to be on vacation and the RMC apparently found that a good
reason for a continuance, compared to the RMC feeling my being eviction on or aromd November 13th, then wrongfully
arrested in connection with the eviction, under a trespass charge, and incarcerated for a number of days, all while Richard
Hill applied an unlawful rent distraint upon many exculpatory materials that would speak to a stated and express
taliatory motive on the part ofWalmart and the RSIC, and other exculpatory materials being wrongfully withheld under
an unlawful rent distraint by Richard G. Hill, Esq., the same person Mr. Taite!., the Reno City Attorney, and the RMC
decided deserved such sanctity applied to his monthlong vacation from Thanksgiving to New Year's to grant a
continuance, with no input from me.
FAILURE TO AFFORD SIXTH AMENDMENT RIGHT TO COUNSEL OR GRAW DEMAND FOR JURy TRIAL;
another DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL HEREBY MADE IN EVENT OF NEW TRIAL, SIMILARLY REQUEST FOR
IN FORMA PAUPERIS STATUS HEREBY MADE AND SUPPORTED BY ATTACHED IFP PETmON
CONCLUSION
Defendant! Appelant Coughlin hereby respectfully requests all Orders, Convictions,
Judgments, Contempt Findings, whatever, stemming from the November 30
th
, 2011 Trial be Vacated
or Set Aside or Reconsidered ..
The undersigned does hereby affirm that the preceding document does not contain
the social security number of any person.
DATED this 12th Dav of DecembeL 2011 I
.J" / / /?
, . . ~ .. - ~ ) / ,:'...... (
./ ,f )/ ." \., _.---'-
~ ~
p "
Zach Coughlm
Defendant
Notice of Appeal. Motion to Vacate and or Set Aside, JCRCP 59, JCRCP 60, Motion for
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PROOF OF SERVICE
I, Zach Coughlin, declare:
On December 12, 2011, I, Mr. Zach Coughlin served the foregoing Notice of Appeal,
Motion to Vacate and or Set Aside, JCRCP 59, JCRCP 60, Motion for Reconsideration: Motion for
Recusal by emailing and faxing and or placing in the mail a true copy thereof to:
Pamela G Roberts Company: Reno City Attorney's Office - Criminal Divison Address: P.O. Box
1900 Reno, NY 89505 Phone Number: 775-334-2050 Fax number: 775-334-2420 Email:
robertspt{Heno.g.O\
DATED TIIIS12th day of December, 2011 BY:
hT' C- A _.. ," r(' iLl t' '
.6 1'iotlce AppeaL IViOt1011 to Vacate. and or ... JLtl.... "lJ :J!::l? .it..., . PiaO,JOIl ror
00633
Judge:
CR11-2064
STEVEN ELLIOTT
Clerk Accepted:
Court:
Case Title:
Filed By:
02-06-2012:16:41:30
02-06-2012:16:47:23
Reply to/in Opposition
- **Continuation
PAMELA ROBERTS, ESQ.
COUGHLIN
00634
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Code: 3860
JOHN J. KADLIC
Reno City Attorney
PAMELA G. ROBERTS
5 Reno, Nevada 89505
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9 **0**
10 ZACHARY BAKER COUGHLIN,
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Appellant,
vs.
corporation,
Respondent.
16 I
1+---------------------------
17
CASE NO.: CRII-2064
DEPT. NO.: 10
18 REQUEST FOR SUBMISSION
19 IT IS REQUESTED that Respondent City of Reno's MOTION TO DISMISS, which was
20 filed on January 19,2012 in the above-entitled matter be submitted to the Court for decision.
21
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26 III
27 III
28 III
Reno City Attorney
P.O. Box ]900
Reno, NV 89505
-1-
F I L E D
Electronically
02-06-2012:04:42:23 PM
Clerk of the Court
00635
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Reno City Attorney
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NV 89505
The undersi,gned attorney certifies that a copy of this request has been mailed to all
counsel of record.
Respectfully submitted this day of February, 2012.
JOHN J. KADLIC
Reno City Attorney

PAMELA G. ROBERTS
Reno, Nevada 89505
Attorneysfor Respondent
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Reno City Attorney
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NV 89505
AFFIRMATION
The undersigned does hereby affirm that the preceding document Request for Submission
(Title of Document)
-OR-
o
o
-OR-
o
-OR-
o
Date:
(Signature)
Pamela G. Roberts
(Print Name)
City of Reno
(Attorney for)
00637
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Reno City Attorney
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NV 89505
business practices.
D
Personal delivery.
D
Facsimile (FAX).
D
D
1422 East 9
th
St #2
Reno, NY 89512
DATED this Co day of February 2012.
Penelope H. C Iter
00638
Clerk Accepted: 02-06-2012:16:48:03
Document(s) Submitted: Request for Submission
COUGHLIN
00639
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F I L E D
Electronically
02-07-2012:12:19:36 AM
Zach Coughlin
Nevada Bar No: 9473
1422 E. 9
th
t. !2
"eno# N$ %9512
&ele: 775'33%'%11%
(a): 949'**7'74+2
,ttorne- .or /ro e ,00ellant denied i)th ,mendment "ight &o Coun1el
2N &3E EC4ND 56D2C2,7 D2&"2C& C46"& 4( &3E &,&E 4( NE$,D,
2N ,ND (4" &3E C46N&8 4( 9,34E
Z,C3 C46:372N; <
<
,00ellant#
<
<
Case No: CR11-2064
v1. <
<
<
Dept No: 10
Cit- o. "eno; <
<
<
"e10ondent. <
<
<
APPELLANT'S OPENING BRIEF
C4=E N49# ,00ellant# Zach Coughlin# >- and through him1el. a1 he ?a1 denied hi1 i)th
,mendment "ight &o Coun1el# and .ile1 thi1 ,00ellant@1 40ening Brie.: &hi1 =otion in i1 >a1ed
u0on the 0leading1 and 0a0er1 on .ile in thi1 matter# >oth in thi1 a00eal and the underl-ing "=C 11
C" 2217* and the .ollo?ing legal argument. &he under1igned .ile1 thi1 40ening Brie. ?ith the intent
to .ile a u00lemental to it or a Notice o. Errata ?ith re10ect to thi1 .iling# and a more com0lete
40ening Brie. >- (e>ruar- *# 2+12. &hi1 i1 >eing done due to con.u1ion a1 to ?hether the A?ithin 3+
da-1B deadline# ?hich ?ould 1eam to .all on aturda-# (e>ruar- 4
th
# 2+12# ?ould allo? .iling timel- a
- 1 -
Appellant Opening Brie
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Brie. on (e>ruar- *# 2+12. 2n an a>undance o. caution# thi1 i1 1u>mitted to at lea1t get 1omething
.iled.
LEGAL ARGUMENT
2ndeed# N"C/ "67E 5. E"$2CE ,ND (272N: 4( /7E,D2N: ,ND 4&3E"
/,/E" reCuire1 that:
ADa< ervice: 9hen "eCuired. E)ce0t a1 other?i1e 0rovided in the1e rule1# ever- order
reCuired >- it1 term1 to >e 1erved#... D><D2< ervice under thi1 rule i1 made >-: D,<
Delivering a co0- to the attorne- or the 0art- >-: Di< handing it to the attorne- or to the
0art-; Dii< leaving it at the attorne-E1 or 0art-E1 o..ice ?ith a clerF or other 0er1on in
charge# or i. there i1 no one in charge# leaving it in a con10icuou1 0lace in the o..ice;
or Diii< i. the o..ice i1 clo1ed or the 0er1on to >e 1erved ha1 no o..ice# leaving it at the
0er1onE1 d?elling hou1e or u1ual 0lace o. a>ode ?ith 1ome 0er1on o. 1uita>le age and
di1cretion re1iding thing a co0- >- electronic mean1 if the attorney or the party
served has onsented to servie !y e"etroni #eans... &he 1erved attorne-E1 or
0art-E1 con1ent to 1ervice >- electronic mean1 1hall >e e$press"y stated and fi"ed in
%ritin& %ith the "er' of the o(rt and 1erved on the other 0artie1 to the action. &he
?ritten con1ent 1hall identi.-: Di< the 0er1on1 u0on ?hom 1ervice mu1t >e made; Dii<
the a00ro0riate addre11 or location .or 1uch 1ervice# 1uch a1 the electronic'mail addre11
or .ac1imile num>er; Diii< the .ormat to >e u1ed .or attachment1; and Div< another
limit1 on the 1co0e or duration o. the con1ent. ,n attorne-E1 or 0art-E1 con1ent 1hall
remain e..ective until e)0re11l- revoFed or until the re0re1entation o. a 0art- change1
through entr-# ?ithdra?al# or 1u>1titution o. coun1el. ,n attorne- or 0art- ?ho ha1
con1ented to 1ervice >- electronic mean1 1hall# ?ithin 1+ da-1 a.ter an- change o.
electronic'mail addre11 or .ac1imile num>er# 1erve and .ile notice o. the ne?
electronic'mail addre11 or .ac1imile num>er. D3< ervice >- electronic mean1 under
"ule 5D><D2<DD< i1 not e..ective i. the 0art- maFing 1ervice learn1 that the attem0ted
1ervice did not reach the 0er1on to >e 1erved. D4< /roo. o. 1ervice ma- >e made >-
certi.icate o. an attorne- or o. the attorne-E1 em0lo-ee# or >- ?ritten admi11ion# or >-
a..idavit# or other 0roo. 1ati1.actor- to the court. (ailure to maFe 0roo. o. 1ervice 1hall
not a..ect the validit- o. 1ervice.
2t ?a1 rever1i>le error in the underl-ing matter ?here the Court: re.u1ed to grant a
continuance o. the Novem>er 3+
th
# 2+11 &rial# .ailed to 0rovide the i)th ,mendment1 guarantee o. a
"ight to Coun1el >oth in the 0etit the.t &rial and once even the 10ecter o. a ummar- Contem0t
.inding ?a1 announced. 9a- too 0reGudicial to den- the right to coun1el then announce the Court
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?ould nail the under1igned ?ith contem0t .or attem0ting to Healou1l- advocate on hi1 o?n >ehal..
(urther# re.u1ing to allo? inCuir- into the 1tated retaliator- motive1 o. 9al'=art and it1 ,11et
/rotection divi1ion# e10eciall- vi1 a vi1# 9al'=art@1 e1ta>li1hed 0ractice# even >- it1 manager1# o.
outright l-ing the the 0u>lic re0eatedl- a>out the term1 and e..ect o. the 0o1ted "eturn /olic-
a00lica>le to 0urcha1e1 in 9al'=art 1tore1. ,dditionall-# 0ro1ecutorial mi1conduct# D1u>orning
0erGur-# .ailing to turn over di1cover- in a timel- manner# l-ing a>out ?hether the "eno Cit-
,ttorne- had received an-thing .rom the "2C# etc< Gu1ti.- overturning the verdict. ,dditionall-# the
0ro1ecution1 im0ro0er motive in thi1 retaliator- 0ro1ecution 1tem1 .rom a de1ire to undermine the
under1igned@1 credi>ilit- and a>ilit- to litigate e10eciall- vi1 a vi1 the ?rong.ul arre1t# negligent
hiring training and 1u0ervi1ion la?1uit that the "eno Cit- ,ttorne- received ?arning o. ?ell in
advance o. the arre1t in thi1 matter. (urther im0ro0rietie1 and due 0roce11 de.iciencie1 in the "eno
=unici0al Court and it1 .iling o..ice Gu1ti.- overturning the conviction. ,dditionall-# a Notice o.
Entr- o. 4rder here .rom the "=C i1 liFel- reCuired given the 4rder ?a1 com0lete out1ide the
0re1ence o. one o. the 0artie1 Dmade in a>1entia<# and there.ore rendition o. 4rder i1 liFel- not
1u..icient. (urther# the 0ro1ecution did not meet it1 >urden to 0rove an- o. the element1 o. the crime
charged: ADa< 2ntentionall- 1teal1# taFe1 and carrie1 a?a-# lead1 a?a- or drive1 a?a-...B Each o. the
three ?itne11e1 contradicted them1elve1 a1 the material .act1# including ?hether the 6/C at i11ue
a00eared on >oth recei0t1 and ?hether the under1igned 0rovided hi1 driver@1 licen1e to the "2C
4..icer1# ?hich the video 1ho?ed he did# and there.ore# the 0ro>a>le cau1e to conduct a 1earch
incident to a cu1todial arre1t i1 vitiated and 0erGur- a00arent >- all three ?itne11e1 and mi1conduct >-
the "eno Cit- ,ttorne-. ,ll argument1 made >elo?# ?hether at &rial or in the 0a0er1 on .ile or
other?i1e 1u>mitted to the "=C are here>- incor0orated >- re.erence.
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"=C ec. %.1+.+4+. ' /etit larcen-: 2t i1 unla?.ul .or an- 0er1on to taFe or carr- a?a- the
0ro0ert- o. another ?ith the intent to de0rive the o?ner o. hi1 0ro0ert- therein# in an- value le11 than
I25+.++# and .or hi1 conviction there.or# he 1hall >e .ined in an amount not more than I1#+++.++
andJor >e incarcerated not more than 1i) month1. 2n addition to another 0enalt-# the court 1hall
order the 0er1on to 0a- re1titution.B DCode 19**# K 11.12.++3; 4rd. No. 27*2# K 1# %'13'79; 4rd. No.
3%**# K 1# 9'25'%9; 4rd. No. 4%15# K 1# 1+'2%'97; 4rd. No. 5+5%# K 1# 11'12'99< tate la? re.erence
L /etit larcen-# N" 2+5.24+. N" 2+5.24+ /etit larcen-; 0enalt-. 1. E)ce0t a1 other?i1e
0rovided in N" 2+5.22+# 2+5.22*# 2+5.22% and 475.1+5# a 0er1on commit1 0etit larcen- i. the
0er1on: Da< 2ntentionall- 1teal1# taFe1 and carrie1 a?a-# lead1 a?a- or drive1 a?a-: D1<
/er1onal good1 or 0ro0ert-# ?ith a value o. le11 than I*5+# o?ned >- another 0er1on; D2<
Bedding# .urniture or other 0ro0ert-# ?ith a value o. le11 than I*5+# ?hich the 0er1on# a1 a lodger# i1
to u1e in or ?ith hi1 or her lodging and ?hich i1 o?ned >- another 0er1on; or D3< "eal
0ro0ert-# ?ith a value o. le11 than I*5+# that the 0er1on ha1 converted into 0er1onal 0ro0ert- >-
1evering it .rom real 0ro0ert- o?ned >- another 0er1on. D>< 2ntentionall- 1teal1# taFe1 and carrie1
a?a-# lead1 a?a-# drive1 a?a- or entice1 a?a- one or more dome1ticated animal1 or dome1ticated
>ird1# ?ith an aggregate value o. le11 than I*5+# o?ned >- another 0er1on. 2. 6nle11 a greater
0enalt- i1 0rovided 0ur1uant to N" 2+5.2*7# a 0er1on ?ho commit1 0etit larcen- i1 guilt- o. a
mi1demeanor. 2n addition to another 0enalt-# the court 1hall order the 0er1on to 0a- re1titution.
M1911 CN/ K 374; , 1947# %5; 1949# 127; 1943 NC7 K 1+324OLDN" , 19*5# 3++# 1++7; 19*7#
5++; 19*9# 531; 19%3# 547; 19%5# 751; 19%9# 1434; 1995# 13; 1997# 342# 1114; 1999# 31+9; 2++9#
1243; 2+11# 1*5< N" 2+5.251 Determination o. value o. 0ro0ert- involved in larcen- o..en1e.
(or the 0ur0o1e1 o. N" 2+5.2175 to 2+5.27+7# inclu1ive: 1. &he value o. 0ro0ert- involved in a
larcen- o..en1e 1hall >e deemed to >e the highe1t value attri>uta>le to the 0ro0ert- >- an- rea1ona>le
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1tandard. 2. &he value o. 0ro0ert- involved in larcen- o..en1e1 committed >- one or more 0er1on1
0ur1uant to a 1cheme or continuing cour1e o. conduct ma- >e aggregated in determining the grade o.
the larcen- o..en1e1. :rant v. tate# 24 /.3d 7*1 234 7,"CEN8 23422 /ro1ecution and /uni1hment
23422DB< Evidence 234 54 9eight and u..icienc- 234F57 F. 2ntent. Nev.#2++1 "eCui1ite .inding o.
intent to 0ermanentl- de0rive o?ner o. 0ro0ert- ?a1 1u00orted in grand larcen- 0ro1ecution >-
evidence that de.endant ?a1 1een tucFing ca1ino 0atron@1 0ur1e into hi1 GacFet 1everal time1 and
heading to?ard1 lo>>- and e)it o. ca1ino. N.".. 2+5.22+ # 1u>d. 1# 2+5.222# 1u>d1. 2# 3. 3ogan v.
tate# 53* /.2d 1+2% Nev.#1975 &here ?a1 1u..icient evidence o. .eloniou1 a10ortation1 o. air
conditioner .rom .enced com0ound at rear o. 1tore to 1u00ort conviction1 .or grand larcen-
not?ith1tanding de.endant1@ a11ertion1 that the- .ound the air conditioner out1ide the .ence and
>elieved it ?a1 a>andoned. N.".. 2+5.22+ . tate v. /hi001# 2%2 /. 1+24 Nev.#1929 Evidence in
0ro1ecution .or larcen- o. mining 0ro0ert- held not to 1ho? code.endant@1 intent to taFe# 1teal# or
carr- a?a- 0er1onal 0ro0ert-. tate v. 9ard# 1+ /. 133 Nev.#1%%* &he .act1 that de.endant tooF a
hor1e .rom the 0remi1e1 o. it1 o?ner ?ithout hi1 Fno?ledge# and rode it .or a certain di1tance# and
then a>andoned it# a.ter removing and concealing the 1addle and >lanFet# are 1u..icient to Gu1ti.- a
.inding o. intent 0ermanentl- to de0rive the o?ner o. hi1 0ro0ert-# although de.endant te1ti.ie1 that
he had engaged another to taFe it >acF# and ?hen he did not a00ear he e)0ected 1ome one to taFe it
>acF# or that the animal ?ould 1tra- >acF. N" 2+5.+%24 ADe0riveB de.ined. ADe0riveB mean1 to
?ithhold a 0ro0ert- intere1t o. another 0er1on 0ermanentl- or .or 1o long a time that a 1u>1tantial
0ortion o. it1 value# u1e.ulne11 or enGo-ment i1 lo1t# or to ?ithhold it ?ith the intent to re1tore it onl-
u0on the 0a-ment o. a re?ard or other com0en1ation# or to tran1.er or di10o1e o. it 1o that it i1
unliFel- to >e recovered. N" 2+5.+%32 ,ction1 ?hich con1titute the.t. 1. E)ce0t a1 other?i1e
0rovided in 1u>1ection 2# a 0er1on commit1 the.t i.# ?ithout la?.ul authorit-# the 0er1on Fno?ingl-:
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Da< Control1 an- 0ro0ert- o. another 0er1on ?ith the intent to de0rive that 0er1on o. the 0ro0ert-.
D>< Convert1# maFe1 an unauthoriHed tran1.er o. an intere1t in# or ?ithout authoriHation control1
an- 0ro0ert- o. another 0er1on# or u1e1 the 1ervice1 or 0ro0ert- o. another 0er1on entru1ted to him or
her or 0laced in hi1 or her 0o11e11ion .or a limited# authoriHed 0eriod o. determined or 0re1cri>ed
duration or .or a limited u1e. Dc< 4>tain1 real# 0er1onal or intangi>le 0ro0ert- or the 1ervice1 o.
another 0er1on >- a material mi1re0re1entation ?ith intent to de0rive that 0er1on o. the 0ro0ert- or
1ervice1. ,1 u1ed in thi1 0aragra0h# Amaterial mi1re0re1entationB mean1 the u1e o. an- 0reten1e# or
the maFing o. an- 0romi1e# re0re1entation or 1tatement o. 0re1ent# 0a1t or .uture .act ?hich i1
.raudulent and ?hich# ?hen u1ed or made# i1 in1trumental in cau1ing the ?rong.ul control or tran1.er
o. 0ro0ert- or 1ervice1. &he 0reten1e ma- >e ver>al or it ma- >e a 0h-1ical act. Dd< Come1 into
control o. lo1t# mi1laid or mi1delivered 0ro0ert- o. another 0er1on under circum1tance1 0roviding
mean1 o. inCuir- a1 to the true o?ner and a00ro0riate1 that 0ro0ert- to hi1 or her o?n u1e or that o.
another 0er1on ?ithout rea1ona>le e..ort1 to noti.- the true o?ner. De< Control1 0ro0ert- o.
another 0er1on Fno?ing or having rea1on to Fno? that the 0ro0ert- ?a1 1tolen. D.< 4>tain1
1ervice1 or 0art1# 0roduct1 or other item1 related to 1uch 1ervice1 ?hich the 0er1on Fno?1 are
availa>le onl- .or com0en1ation ?ithout 0a-ing or agreeing to 0a- com0en1ation or divert1 the
1ervice1 o. another 0er1on to hi1 or her o?n >ene.it or that o. another 0er1on ?ithout la?.ul authorit-
to do 1o. Dg< &aFe1# de1tro-1# conceal1 or di10o1e1 o. 0ro0ert- in ?hich another 0er1on ha1 a
1ecurit- intere1t# ?ith intent to de.raud that 0er1on. Dh< Commit1 an- act that i1 declared to >e the.t
>- a 10eci.ic 1tatute. Di< Dra?1 or 0a11e1 a checF# and in e)change o>tain1 0ro0ert- or 1ervice1# i.
the 0er1on Fno?1 that the checF ?ill not >e 0aid ?hen 0re1ented. DG< 4>tain1 ga1oline or other .uel
or automotive 0roduct1 ?hich are availa>le onl- .or com0en1ation ?ithout 0a-ing or agreeing to 0a-
com0en1ation. 2. , 0er1on ?ho commit1 an act that i1 0rohi>ited >- 1u>1ection 1 ?hich involve1
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the re0air o. a vehicle ha1 not committed the.t unle11# >e.ore the re0air ?a1 made# the 0er1on received
a ?ritten e1timate o. the co1t o. the re0air. 2t1 ?a1 rever1i>le error ?here 5udge 3o?ard Did not
com0l- ?ith the a>ove and the >urden o. 0roo. ?a1 not met in con1ieration .o the evidence o..ered.
(urther# ,00ellant ?a1 re.u1ed hi1 o00ortunit- to te1ti.- or 0ut on evidence# Cit- o. "eno 1u>orned
0erGur-# ect# etc. 2ntent ?a1 mi11ing too# and# a11umign the accu1ation1 are true# an-one con1uming
that man- o. tho1e cough dro01 ?ould not >e ca0a>le o. .orming the reCui1ite intent. Driver@1 licen1e
?a1 o..ered# there.ore rever1i>le error to allo? >a1ing the 1earch on .ailure to 0rovide driver@1 licen1e
or 1u..icent indenti.-ing in.ormation to i11ue a citation. (ruit o. 0oi1on tree.
,00ellant1 incor0orate1 >- re.erence all argument1# .iling1# corre10ondence etc made in the
trial court or 1o .ar in thi1 a00eal# e10eciall- tho1e in the 400o1ition to =otion to Di1mi11.
P &he 2++% 7imited Court 5uri1diction Bench BooF and it1 2+1+ u00lement 1et .orth a num>er
o. a00eala>le i11ue1 in thi1 matter# including:
6==,"8 /6N23=EN& ummar- 0uni1hment i1 onl- 0ermi11i>le .or direct contem0t1 Dtho1e
act1 identi.ied in N" 22.+1+ committed ?ithin the immediate vie? and 0re1ence o. the Gudge<.
Que1tion1 to anal-He .or ummar- /uni1hment R 21 the contem0t eligi>le .or 1ummar-
0uni1hmentS S ,ct or omi11ion 0er.ormed in 0re1ence o. Court S 2mmediate Gudicial action ?a1
reCuired to maintain or re1tore authorit-JGu1ticeJdignit- o. the Court S 9a1 there an order that 10elled
out the detail1 o. com0liance in clear# 10eci.ic and unam>iguou1 term1 1o that the 0er1on 1hould have
readil- Fno?n e)actl- ?hat dutie1 or o>ligation1 ?ere im0o1ed on himS S 21 the contem0t on in
?hich the 0er1on ha1 omitted 0er.orming an act ?hich i1 -et in the 0o?er o. the 0er1on to 0er.ormS R
9hat t-0e o. contem0t e)i1t1S S Civil in ?hich 0uni1hment i1 a00ro0riateS S Civil in ?hich
im0ri1onment to .orce 0er.ormance i1 a00ro0riateS S Criminal in ?hich adGudication o. a
mi1demeanor i1 a00ro0riateS R 9hat i1 the 1entence im0o1edS S 2m0ri1onment in count- Gail not to
e)ceed 25 da-1 S (ine not to e)ceed I5++ D0a-a>le to count-Jcit- trea1urer< S Both a>ove mentioned
.ine and im0ri1onment S 2. civil # e)0en1e1# including attorne- .ee1# o. inGured 0art- i. the contem0t
involve1 di1o>edience to a la?.ul order or ?rit S 21 the contem0t one that involve1 .ailure to do an
act ?hich i1 -et in the 0o?er o. the 0er1on to 0er.ormS 2. 1o# i1 im0ri1onment in the count- Gail
nece11ar- or a00ro0riate to .orce the 0er1on to com0l- ?ith the actS S 21 the contem0t .ailure to
a00ear or te1ti.- >e.ore a grand Gur-S 2. 1o# im0ri1onment mu1t cea1e ?hen the grand Gur- i1 no
longer em0anelled. R 3ave -ou com0leted the ?ritten orderS D=u1t have a ?ritten order .iled< S
"ecite1 the .act1 con1tituting the contem0t in the immediate vie? and 0re1ence o. the court or
Gudge; S (ind1 the 0er1on guilt- o. the contem0t; and S
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/re1cri>e1 the 0uni1hment .or the contem0
)ON)LUSION
Ba1ed u0on the .oregoing the under1igned re10ect.ull- reCue1t1 that thi1 Court vacate#
overturn# or other?i1e 1et a1ide the underl-ing 5udgment and 4rder o. Conviction in thi1 matter
D"=C 11 C" 2217*<. ,00ellant Declare1 under 0enalt- o. 0erGur-# 0ur1uant to N" 53.+45# that the
a11ertion1 in thi1 document are true and correct.
AFFIRMATION PURSUANT TO NRS *+,B-.+.
&he under1igned doe1 here>- a..irm that the 0receding document doe1 not contain the 1ocial
1ecurit- num>er o. an- 0er1on.
Dated: (e>ruar- *# 2+12
JJ Zach CoughlinTTTTTTTT
Zach Coughlin# ,00ellant
,ttorne- .or /ro e ,00ellant denied i)th ,mendment "ight &o Coun1el
PROOF OF SER/I)E
/ur1uant to N"C/ 5D><# 2 certi.- that 2 1erved a co0- o. the .oregoing ,00ellant@1 40ening
Brie. u0on the .ollo?ing 0art- >- electronicall- .iling on (e>ruar- 3
rd
# 2+12 and there.ore 1erving
u0on regi1tered e.iler:
/amela "o>ert1# E1C.
5ohn Uadlic# E1C.
/4 Bo) 19++
"eno# N$ %95+5
,ttorne- .or Cit- o. "eno
Date thi1 (e>ruar- *
rd
# 2+12:
JJ Zach Coughlin
Zach Coughlin# ,00ellant
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00648
Clerk Accepted: 02-07-2012:10:32:32
Document(s) Submitted: Opening Brief
COUGHLIN
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F I L E D
Electronically
02-07-2012:09:44:49 AM
Zach Coughlin
Nevada Bar No: 9473
1422 E 9
th
!t "2
#eno$ N% &9512
'ele: 775(33&(&11&
)a*: 949(++7(7402
,ttorne- .or /ro !e ,00ellant denied !i*th ,mendment #ight 'o Coun1el
2N '3E !EC4ND 56D2C2,7 D2!'#2C' C46#' 4) '3E !','E 4) NE%,D,
2N ,ND )4# '3E C46N'8 4) 9,!34E
Z,C3 C46:372N; <
<
,00ellant$
<
<
Case No: CR11-2064
v1 <
<
<
Dept No: 10
Cit- o. #eno; <
<
<
#e10ondent <
<
<
APPELLANT'S MOTION FOR EXTENSION OF TIME TO FILE OPENING BRIEF
C4=E! N49$ ,00ellant$ Zach Coughlin$ >- and through him1el.$ and .ile1 thi1
,//E77,N'?! #E@6E!' )4# EA'EN!24N 4) '2=E '4 )27E 4/EN2N: B#2E) '32!
)272N: 2! BE2N: #E!6B=2''ED ,! =! =,'3E6! 2! !'277 #E5EC'2N: C#2=2N,7
C,!E )272N:!$ DE!/2'E 9DC#: B2012(02(0+ 23:50:340 !u>Cect: 8our electronic .iling$ #e:
C#11(20+4 ( 4ther =unici0al Court Criminal ( =4 ( =tn .or E*ten1ion o. 'ime$ Da1 reCected >-
!econd 5udicial Di1trict Court ( !tate o. Nevada Ca1e Num>er: C#11(20+4 Ca1e '-0e: 4ther
=unici0al Court Criminal ( =4 Document '-0e: =tn .or E*ten1ion o. 'ime #ea1onE1< .or reCection:
'hi1 document Da1 reCected -e1terda- a1 the ca1e num>er on the document i1 incorrect 'he !econd
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Appellant's Motion for !tension of "i#e an$ %a&e 'i#it !(eption
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5udicial Di1trict Court doe1 not recogniFe ca1e num>er C#(20+4 /lea1e correct the ca1e num>er on
-our document and re1u>mit 2. -ou have an- Gue1tion1$ 0lea1e contact 7ori at 32&(3114H )urther$
,00eal1 ClerI =atheu1 reCected an 40ening Brie. attem0t .iled la1t )rida- in contravention o.
9DC# 1&
LEGAL ARGUMENT
9DC# #ule 1& /a0er1 Dhich do not com0l- Dith rule1 E*ce0t in criminal ca1e1 and Drit1
ari1ing .rom criminal ca1e1$ .iling o..ice 0er1onnel 1hall re.u1e to .ile an- document or 0leading
Dhich i1 not 0ro0erl- 1igned >- all 0er1on1$ or Dhich doe1 not com0l- Dith the1e rule1$ Nevada #ule1
o. Civil /rocedure$ the Di1trict Court #ule1$ or a00lica>le 1tatute1
,00ellant ha1 had numerou1 .iling1 in the criminal matter reCected >- the .iling o..ice in
contravention o. 9DC# 1& and there.ore reGue1t an e*ten1ion o. time to .ile thi1 40ening Brie.
9DC# #ule 11 E*ten1ion or 1hortening o. time 1 ,ll motion1 .or e*ten1ion1 o. time 1hall
>e made u0on 5 da-1J notice to all coun1el !uch motion 1hall >e made to the Cudge Dho i1 to tr- the
ca1e$ or$ i. the Cudge i1 not in the courthou1e during regular Cudicial hour1$ to a Cudge on the 1ame
.loor Dho 1hall 1et or cau1e the motion to >e 1et .or earl- hearing E)or the 1aIe o. thi1 rule
De0artment 10 i1 deemed to >e on the 1econd .loor< 2 E*ce0t a1 0rovided in thi1 1u>1ection$ no e*
0arte a00lication .or e*ten1ion o. time Dill >e granted 60on 0re1entation o. a motion .or e*ten1ion$
i. a 1ati1.actor- 1hoDing i1 made to the Cudge that a good .aith e..ort ha1 >een made to noti.-
o00o1ing coun1el o. the motion$ and the Cudge .ind1 good cau1e there.or$ the Cudge ma- order e*
0arte a tem0orar- e*ten1ion 0ending a determination o. the motion 3 )or good cau1e 1hoDn$ the
Cudge Dho i1 to tr- the ca1e$ or i. the Cudge i1 not in the courthou1e during regular Cudicial hour1$ the
chie. Cudge$ ma- maIe an e* 0arte order 1hortening time u0on a 1ati1.actor- 1hoDing to the Cudge that
a good .aith e..ort ha1 >een made to noti.- the o00o1ing coun1el o. the motion 4 E*ten1ion1 to
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an1Der or otherDi1e re10ond to a com0laint 1hall not e*ceed 40 da-1 Dithout court a00roval 'he trial
Cudge 1hall determine the a00ro0riate 1anction i. thi1 rule i1 violated ,00ellant cite1 e*cu1a>le
neglect or other circum1tance1 EliIe o00o1ing coun1el in an 1ummar- eviction .rom one?1 laD o..ice
>a1ed on no cau1e notice$ not non0a-ment o. rent$ commercial tenant in cv11(03+2& getting him
Drong.ull- arre1ted and 0olice mi1conduct and the .ailre to return 1ecurit- de0o1it and ,00ellant1
recentl- >eing a victim o. dome1tic violence in E/4 granted in )%12(001&&$ and )%12(001&7 in
a1Iign .or an e*ten1ion and 0age limit e*ce0tion
9DC# #ule 19 ,00eal1 .rom munici0al and Cu1tice court1
1 ,ll a00eal1 .rom the munici0al or Cu1tice court1 in criminal ca1e1 1hall >e 1et .or trial or
hearing Dithin +0 da-1 o. the date o. a00lication .or 1etting , 1etting >e-ond +0 da-1 ma- >e made
onl- i. a00roved in Driting >- the trial Cudge or the chie. Cudge 2. a trial 1etting i1 continued >- order
o. the court$ the ca1e 1hall >e re1et Dithin +0 da-1 o. the date o. the order .or continuance
2 2. multi0le 1etting1 .or a00eal trial1 in an- one court de0artment e*ceed the ca0acit- o. that
de0artment$ 1etting1 1hall >e made in the de1ignated de0artment 1cheduled to handle the over.loD 2.
that courtJ1 calendar >ecome1 .ull$ a11ignment 1hall >e made to another availa>le de0artment
3 ,00eal1 in criminal ca1e1 1hall >e 1et .or trial on 'hur1da-1 and )rida-1$ unle11 the trial Cudge
or the chie. Cudge grant1 0ermi11ion to maIe 1uch 1etting1 on other Cudicial da-1
4 2n civil a00eal1 .rom the Cu1tice court$ a00ellant 1hall .ile Dithin 30 da-1 a.ter the .iling o. a
notice o. a00eal a Dritten >rie. containing a 1tatement o. the error1 committed in the Cu1tice court
Dith accom0an-ing authoritie1 Dhich 1hall not e*ceed 5 0age1 9ithin 20 da-1 a.ter the .iling and
1ervice o. a00ellantJ1 >rie.$ re10ondent 1hall .ile a Dritten an1Dering >rie. Dhich 1hall not e*ceed 5
0age1
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=- mountain >iIe Da1 1tolen right a>out the time landlord =erli11 had N% Enereg- tre10a11
on m- 0ro0ert- and do an unnoticed 1hut o.. o. electricit- ,ll the .ood in m- re.ridgerator Dent >ad$
and other damage1 Dere incurred N% Energ- a11erted 0rivit- o. contract Dhere the are not alloDed
to$ Dhile >eing a mono0ol- 1u00l-ing an e11ential !ervice DDD!hame4nN%Energ-com
)urther$ Cu1t la1t )rida-$ )e>ruar- 3rd$ 2012$ N% Energ- again 1hut o.. ,00ellant1 electrict- Dithout
notice$ and noD i1 re.u1ing to alloD ,00ellant to have 1ervice 1tarted$ demanding all 1ort1 o.
documentation$ 0roo.$ 0rivate$ 0er1onall- identi.ia>le in.ormation$ and 10eci.ic .orm1 o.
Bagreement1H to Dhich N% Energ-$ a mono0ol-$ ha1 not right 'hat cau1e thi1 Brie. to e*ceed 5
0age1 and .orm1 a >a1i1 .or thi1 reGue1t to alloD an e*ten1ion o. time to re.ine and .ini1h ,00ellant?1
40ening Brie.
2ndeed$ N#C/ #67E 5 !E#%2CE ,ND )272N: 4) /7E,D2N:! ,ND 4'3E#
/,/E#! reGuire1 that:
BEa< !ervice: 9hen #eGuired E*ce0t a1 otherDi1e 0rovided in the1e rule1$ ever- order
reGuired >- it1 term1 to >e 1erved$ E><E2< !ervice under thi1 rule i1 made >-: E,<
Delivering a co0- to the attorne- or the 0art- >-: Ei< handing it to the attorne- or to the
0art-; Eii< leaving it at the attorne-J1 or 0art-J1 o..ice Dith a clerI or other 0er1on in
charge$ or i. there i1 no one in charge$ leaving it in a con10icuou1 0lace in the o..ice;
or Eiii< i. the o..ice i1 clo1ed or the 0er1on to >e 1erved ha1 no o..ice$ leaving it at the
0er1onJ1 dDelling hou1e or u1ual 0lace o. a>ode Dith 1ome 0er1on o. 1uita>le age and
di1cretion re1iding thing a co0- >- electronic mean1 if the attorney or the party
serve has !onsente to servi!e "y e#e!troni! $eans 'he 1erved attorne-J1 or
0art-J1 con1ent to 1ervice >- electronic mean1 1hall >e e%press#y state an fi#e in
&ritin' &ith the !#er( of the !o)rt and 1erved on the other 0artie1 to the action 'he
Dritten con1ent 1hall identi.-: Ei< the 0er1on1 u0on Dhom 1ervice mu1t >e made; Eii<
the a00ro0riate addre11 or location .or 1uch 1ervice$ 1uch a1 the electronic(mail addre11
or .ac1imile num>er; Eiii< the .ormat to >e u1ed .or attachment1; and Eiv< another
limit1 on the 1co0e or duration o. the con1ent ,n attorne-J1 or 0art-J1 con1ent 1hall
remain e..ective until e*0re11l- revoIed or until the re0re1entation o. a 0art- change1
through entr-$ DithdraDal$ or 1u>1titution o. coun1el ,n attorne- or 0art- Dho ha1
con1ented to 1ervice >- electronic mean1 1hall$ Dithin 10 da-1 a.ter an- change o.
electronic(mail addre11 or .ac1imile num>er$ 1erve and .ile notice o. the neD
electronic(mail addre11 or .ac1imile num>er E3< !ervice >- electronic mean1 under
#ule 5E><E2<ED< i1 not e..ective i. the 0art- maIing 1ervice learn1 that the attem0ted
1ervice did not reach the 0er1on to >e 1erved E4< /roo. o. 1ervice ma- >e made >-
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certi.icate o. an attorne- or o. the attorne-J1 em0lo-ee$ or >- Dritten admi11ion$ or >-
a..idavit$ or other 0roo. 1ati1.actor- to the court )ailure to maIe 0roo. o. 1ervice 1hall
not a..ect the validit- o. 1ervice
2t Da1 rever1i>le error in the underl-ing matter Dhere the Court: re.u1ed to grant a
continuance o. the Novem>er 30
th
$ 2011 'rial$ .ailed to 0rovide the !i*th ,mendment1 guarantee o. a
#ight to Coun1el >oth in the 0etit the.t 'rial and once even the 10ecter o. a !ummar- Contem0t
.inding Da1 announced 9a- too 0reCudicial to den- the right to coun1el then announce the Court
Dould nail the under1igned Dith contem0t .or attem0ting to Fealou1l- advocate on hi1 oDn >ehal.
)urther$ re.u1ing to alloD inGuir- into the 1tated retaliator- motive1 o. 9al(=art and it1 ,11et
/rotection divi1ion$ e10eciall- vi1 a vi1$ 9al(=art?1 e1ta>li1hed 0ractice$ even >- it1 manager1$ o.
outright l-ing the the 0u>lic re0eatedl- a>out the term1 and e..ect o. the 0o1ted #eturn /olic-
a00lica>le to 0urcha1e1 in 9al(=art 1tore1 ,dditionall-$ 0ro1ecutorial mi1conduct$ E1u>orning
0erCur-$ .ailing to turn over di1cover- in a timel- manner$ l-ing a>out Dhether the #eno Cit-
,ttorne- had received an-thing .rom the #!2C$ etc< Cu1ti.- overturning the verdict ,dditionall-$ the
0ro1ecution1 im0ro0er motive in thi1 retaliator- 0ro1ecution 1tem1 .rom a de1ire to undermine the
under1igned?1 credi>ilit- and a>ilit- to litigate e10eciall- vi1 a vi1 the Drong.ul arre1t$ negligent
hiring training and 1u0ervi1ion laD1uit that the #eno Cit- ,ttorne- received Darning o. Dell in
advance o. the arre1t in thi1 matter )urther im0ro0rietie1 and due 0roce11 de.iciencie1 in the #eno
=unici0al Court and it1 .iling o..ice Cu1ti.- overturning the conviction ,dditionall-$ a Notice o.
Entr- o. 4rder here .rom the #=C i1 liIel- reGuired given the 4rder Da1 com0lete out1ide the
0re1ence o. one o. the 0artie1 Emade in a>1entia<$ and there.ore rendition o. 4rder i1 liIel- not
1u..icient )urther$ the 0ro1ecution did not meet it1 >urden to 0rove an- o. the element1 o. the crime
charged: BEa< 2ntentionall- 1teal1$ taIe1 and carrie1 aDa-$ lead1 aDa- or drive1 aDa-H Each o. the
three Ditne11e1 contradicted them1elve1 a1 the material .act1$ including Dhether the 6/C at i11ue
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a00eared on >oth recei0t1 and Dhether the under1igned 0rovided hi1 driver?1 licen1e to the #!2C
4..icer1$ Dhich the video 1hoDed he did$ and there.ore$ the 0ro>a>le cau1e to conduct a 1earch
incident to a cu1todial arre1t i1 vitiated and 0erCur- a00arent >- all three Ditne11e1 and mi1conduct >-
the #eno Cit- ,ttorne- ,ll argument1 made >eloD$ Dhether at 'rial or in the 0a0er1 on .ile or
otherDi1e 1u>mitted to the #=C are here>- incor0orated >- re.erence
K 'he 200& 7imited Court 5uri1diction Bench BooI and it1 2010 !u00lement 1et .orth a num>er
o. a00eala>le i11ue1 in thi1 matter$ including:
!6==,#8 /6N2!3=EN' !ummar- 0uni1hment i1 onl- 0ermi11i>le .or direct contem0t1 Etho1e
act1 identi.ied in N#! 22010 committed Dithin the immediate vieD and 0re1ence o. the Cudge<
@ue1tion1 to anal-Fe .or !ummar- /uni1hment L 21 the contem0t eligi>le .or 1ummar-
0uni1hmentM M ,ct or omi11ion 0er.ormed in 0re1ence o. Court M 2mmediate Cudicial action Da1
reGuired to maintain or re1tore authorit-NCu1ticeNdignit- o. the Court M 9a1 there an order that 10elled
out the detail1 o. com0liance in clear$ 10eci.ic and unam>iguou1 term1 1o that the 0er1on 1hould have
readil- InoDn e*actl- Dhat dutie1 or o>ligation1 Dere im0o1ed on himM M 21 the contem0t on in
Dhich the 0er1on ha1 omitted 0er.orming an act Dhich i1 -et in the 0oDer o. the 0er1on to 0er.ormM L
9hat t-0e o. contem0t e*i1t1M M Civil in Dhich 0uni1hment i1 a00ro0riateM M Civil in Dhich
im0ri1onment to .orce 0er.ormance i1 a00ro0riateM M Criminal in Dhich adCudication o. a
mi1demeanor i1 a00ro0riateM L 9hat i1 the 1entence im0o1edM M 2m0ri1onment in count- Cail not to
e*ceed 25 da-1 M )ine not to e*ceed O500 E0a-a>le to count-Ncit- trea1urer< M Both a>ove mentioned
.ine and im0ri1onment M 2. civil $ e*0en1e1$ including attorne- .ee1$ o. inCured 0art- i. the contem0t
involve1 di1o>edience to a laD.ul order or Drit M 21 the contem0t one that involve1 .ailure to do an
act Dhich i1 -et in the 0oDer o. the 0er1on to 0er.ormM 2. 1o$ i1 im0ri1onment in the count- Cail
nece11ar- or a00ro0riate to .orce the 0er1on to com0l- Dith the actM M 21 the contem0t .ailure to
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a00ear or te1ti.- >e.ore a grand Cur-M 2. 1o$ im0ri1onment mu1t cea1e Dhen the grand Cur- i1 no
longer em0anelled L 3ave -ou com0leted the Dritten orderM E=u1t have a Dritten order .iled< M
#ecite1 the .act1 con1tituting the contem0t in the immediate vieD and 0re1ence o. the court or
Cudge; M )ind1 the 0er1on guilt- o. the contem0t; and M /re1cri>e1 the 0uni1hment .or the contem0
Appe##ant !o)# not reasona"#y "e 1aid to have >een a00ro0riatel- or 1u..icientl- in.orme
do. Cu1t hoD he could com0l- Dith 5udge 3oDard?1 contem0t DarningN.indingNorder 10 minute1 into a
+ hour 'rial$ nor could ,00ellant or an-one >e 1aid to >e ca0a>le o. >oth Fealou1l- advocating on
their oDn >ehal. Dhile al1o com0l-ing Dith 5udge 3oDard?1 menacing and vague 4rder that
contravened .undamental notion1 o. .airne11 and due 0roce11 Appe##ant re*)ests that a## fi#in's+
!orresponen!es+ an ar')$ents $ae in the Tria# ,o)rt or so far in this Appe##ate ,o)rte "e
in!orprorate "y referen!e herein-
,ON,LUSION
Ba1ed u0on the .oregoing the under1igned re10ect.ull- reGue1t1 that thi1 Court grant an
e*ten1ion to re.ine the 40ening Brie. and e*ce0tion to 0age limit rule in 9DC# 19 another relie.
thi1 Court deem1 Cu1t ,00ellant Declare1 under 0enalt- o. 0erCur-$ 0ur1uant to N#! 53045$ that the
a11ertion1 in thi1 document are true and correct
AFFIRMATION PURSUANT TO NRS ./0B-1/1
'he under1igned doe1 here>- a..irm that the 0receding document doe1 not contain the 1ocial
1ecurit- num>er o. an- 0er1on
Dated: )e>ruar- 5
rd
$ 2012
N!N Zach CoughlinPPPPPPPP
Zach Coughlin$ ,00ellant
,ttorne- .or /ro !e ,00ellant denied !i*th ,mendment #ight 'o Coun1el
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PROOF OF SER2I,E
/ur1uant to N#C/ 5E><$ 2 certi.- that 2 1erved a co0- o. the .oregoing document u0on the
.olloDing 0art- >- electronicall- .iling on )e>ruar- 3
rd
$ 2012 and there.ore 1erving u0on regi1tered
e.iler:
/amela #o>ert1$ E1G
5ohn Qadlic$ E1G
/4 Bo* 1900
#eno$ N% &9505
,ttorne- .or Cit- o. #eno
Date thi1 )e>ruar- 3
rd
$ 2012:
N!N Zach Coughlin
Zach Coughlin$ ,00ellant
00658
Clerk Accepted: 02-07-2012:10:38:21
Document(s) Submitted: Mtn for Extension of Time
COUGHLIN
00659
CODE 1250
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ZACH COUGHLIN
p
9 Plaintiff,
10 VS. Case No. CR 11-2064 p
11 CITY OF RENO p,
Dept. No. _1_0 ______ _
12 Defendant.
13

APPLICATION FOR SETTING
14
______ _
MATTER TO BE HEARD: APPEAL (TO BE VACATED UPON WRITTEN DECISION)
15
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Date of Application : 2.9-12. Made by: _P_L_A_I ____ _
Plaintiff or Defendant
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF: ZACH COUGHLIN
17
---------------------------------
18
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT: PAMELA ROBE_R_T_S _____________ _
19
Instructions: Check the appropriate box. Indicate who id requesting the jury. Estimated No. Of Jurors:
D Jury Demanded by (Name):
-
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21 D No Jury Demanded by (Name):
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23 J&lCh
Duration of Trial:

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Attorney(s) for Plaintiff
26 -t' /O:OOQ..f)'l.
27 Setting at on the
Attorney(s) for Defendant
....... t--l ____ - oZJ) /;;;:
Trial- No.
-20
Setting at day of
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F I L E D
Electronically
02-09-2012:12:22:27 PM
Clerk of the Court
00660
Clerk Accepted: 02-09-2012:12:22:48
Document(s) Submitted: Application for Setting - eFile
COUGHLIN
00661
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JNlllE
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COURT 0'" THE STAn: OF NEVADA
IN AJIrolJ FOR THE COUNTY 0' WASHOE
PlaintilI', CASEND. :
DEPT. NO.;
>
MODON TO mocgD INlORMA rAUPEBlS
Punuant 10 NRS 12.01S, and t.sed aD the followintl Affidavit oC Poverty, I mave for
po:ruU!I5ion rm.n this Court II) Pl otted without filing or CC)IIIJ,. I trn IU(IlI:'StinI the CoUrt
allow me to iAUe I.IIr !IO.'I;UIary writ, piOCCIIS, pltading or paper witbouc cIIarie. wilb the
elleepdon of jwy fees. as j)f'I)vided ill NRS 12.015 heca"oe I lack .w'llclw tlnaricial ability 10
proceed without this "(liver, This is hued on the anached Affidlvit ofPovertj,
This 00a!!!Y"U doet; lID contain SocW Security Number of BIIY""Pef5OD.
DATEDIhis 22. dlyoC
slONAnnm'bA
PRIN'IED NAME:
Address: '
City. State, Zip:
TelepboJle:

F I L E D
Electronically
02-15-2012:11:42:40 PM
Clerk of the Court
00662
SECOND JUDICIAL DISTRICT
ZACH COUGHLIN
ON APPEAL
ZACH COUGHLIN, ESQ.
NV BAR NO 9473
1422 E. 9TH ST. #2
RENO, NV 89512
TEL: 775 338 8118
FAX: 959 667 7402
ZACHCOUGHLIN@HOTMAIL.COM
ATTORNEY FOR PRO PER ATTORNEY APPELLANT
Zach Coughlin, Plaintiff/
Appellant
1422 E. 9th St. #2,
Reno, NV 89512
code: 2385
CITY OF RENO
CR11-2064
10
MOTION FOR APPOINTMENT OF COUNSEL; OR ALTERNATIVELY,
ZXXXXXXXX
APPELLANT
XXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
RESPONDENT

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COWlI)'OrWI/Shoe {$II.
a .
I. (Filii Name), do hereby JweIr under penallY of pc!jurr
Ihallbe wertlDDS of thU affidavit arc bue. 10 iJIW, ill ruppon of my Motion to Proceed
Infonna
I . I am (circle one thBI you an) ill !be cmideilcax.
cue, III'Id I am unable 10 give leCunl)' (ortheQHts JIIII feq in this matter.
l.
I9OIII'CO 10 pay the amount lV'(:#$Sary.
4. I ""';lh the CoIIIt 10 eonaIder this Affidavit of Povtny In Support of my Motioo. 10
....-
Selr-EInpJoyment
Social Security
Child Suppol'l
Alimony
StItdCoIuIty Benefitl, etc.
All oIbel ho.'odIold ; ......... frosn
A.IIotht% rncmbcr 0{ /be

!II"" Hgto/"...

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Cl
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00663
ON APPEAL

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The follpwjns remsmu tis pr my HKY Md their yalucs;
Automobile

, 9
Bank ACCOU-n15

Renl or Mortpge a.. -"'\
Phone,o.., El&ctricity, mel otltcr Util ities
,...
QiJdCtn:
""""""
""1,,,
TI'IlIJpOrtation
Child Support and Child Care expt_ paid 10 sonltOOt ebe
- 'I e",>,,) -\l.,!<I..o
, I<.. V'- -..!)J
I ,

Myll'!!.lmoplhlygl"$ll'r'an;; 5"rf
! W Bai"'ie ahDY)
$ .1Je "-'2
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TOTAL MONTHLY EXPENSES '

00664
Clerk Accepted: 02-16-2012:13:55:26
Document(s) Submitted: Mtn Proceed Forma Pauperis
COUGHLIN
00665
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F I L E D
Electronically
02-22-2012:05:47:25 AM
+Document Code: Clerk of the Court
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Nevada Bar No: 947
!4"" E. 9th #t. $"
%eno, N& '9(!"
)ele: 77(*'*'!!'
+a,: 949*--7*74."
ZachCoughlin/hotmail.com
0ttorne1 2or 033ellant
4N )5E #EC6ND 78D4C409 D4#)%4C) C68%) 6+ )5E #)0)E 6+ NE&0D0
4N 0ND +6% )5E C68N): 6+ ;0#56E
Z0C5 C68<594N= >
>
033ellant, >
>
vs. > C0#E N6: C%!!*".-4
>
C4): 6+ %EN6 > DE?). N6: !.
>
%es3ondents. >
>
SUPPLEMENT TO APPELLANT'S OPENING BRIEF
C6@E# N6;, 033ellant Zach Coughlin, A1 and through his attorne1, Zachar1 BarBer
Coughlin, Esq , and o22ers his #8??9E@EN) )6 @6)46N )6 D4#@4##. )he undersigned Cas
instructed A1 the #econd 7udicial District Court to suAmit a cdDdvd 2or 2iling as an e,hiAit to a 2iling
in this manner.
)0B9E 6+ C0#E# 0ND #)0)8E# C4)ED
STATUTES
#)0)E@EN) 6+ )5E 4##8E# ?%E#EN)ED +6% %E&4E;
Did the District Court &iolate CoughlinEs -th 0mendment
%ight to Con2ront ;itnesses ;hen it ?rohiAited De2ense
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SUPPLEMENT TO APPELLANT'S OPENING BRIE+
00666
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' 24 Counsel 2rom Conducting a +ull and Com3lete
Cross*E,aminationF
Did the District Court Commit 7udicial @isconduct
)hroughout the )rial ;hich ?reGudiced CoughlinEs
Due ?rocessF .
Did the District Court Error A1 0dmitting 4nadmissiAle 5earsa1 #tatements
0gainst CoughlinF
4n the 2irst !. min. trial Gudge 5oCard disagreed Cith the de2endant on the record as to Chether or not
the case he Cas aAout to tr1 Cas a com3le, case rather Gudge 5oCard had alread1 made u3 his mind that he
Cas not on lag Aut that Cas rather o3en and shut an1 dedicated Gudge our neC house rule on this case Ae2ore it
even started Chich is Bind o2 im3ermissiAle under most notions o2 due 3rocess and 2undamental 2airness Gudge
5oCard Aanged his 2ist m1 gavel mind 1ou Aut his 2ist on the Aench causing terriAle 2eedAacB on the
micro3hones recording 3roceedings e,hiAited an unAalanced and erratic a33roach to his rulings in this matter
that are indicative o2 a Aias or other evident im3artialit1 this is 3articularl1 trouAling Chere so man1 ancillar1
matters involving the %eno @unici3al Court have arisen recentl1 Cith res3ect to the de2endant including
violations o2 %eno @unici3al Court rules A1 house 2ormer 3rosecutor 9ou tale in not onl1 set the case 2or
Chich heEs his oCn con2lict checBing 3rocedure should have alerted him to the 2act that Coughlin Cas sailing
an entit1 Cith Chich tale shares o2 o22ice and rece3tionist and a Aoom list taAle as associated Cith its Ausiness
that Aeing Nevada court services on aAout court services CeAsite Aut also Chere )a1lor 2ailed to com3l1 Cith
%eno @unici3al Court rule 2ive in 2iling a motion to CithdraC stating Cith su22icient 3articularit1 in Criting
his rationale 2or CithdraCing rather tale manage to AroBer a CithdraCal 2rom the case Aehind*the*scenes
Cithout hacBing do reveal is emAarrassing de3artures 2rom the rules s3ecial conduct the com3licit1 o2 their
%eno @unici3al Court alloCing this is trouAling 3articularl1 Chere Gudge 5oCard then 3roceeded to den1 the
accused is si,*memAer right counsel to Aang his this on the Aench in an a33arent a mosh to the 1ear heEs Aeen
3la1ing 2ootAall at 1ou and our and Chere Gudge 5oCard in2ormed the de2endant that he Could have him
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arrested and incarcerated should the de2endant continued to attem3t to 3reserve oAGections 2or the record on
a33eal a scant ( min. into the trial room o2 the
7udge 5oCard, at ":!:(" 3m in the 0), res3onded to the 3ro so accused De2endant arguing that the #i,th
0mendment, as inter3reted A1 0insgliser requires the a33ointment o2 counsel Chere even the mere 3ossiAilit1
o2 Gail time is 3resent under a 3lain reading o2 the charge. 7udge 5oCard cited to #cott v. 4llinois 2or his
contention that the %@C Cas not required to 3rovide an indigent liBe the 033ellant an1 a33ointed counsel.
8nder 0rgersinger v. 5amlin, 4.7 8.#. "( H!97">, counsel must Ae a33ointed in an1 case resulting in a
sentence o2 actual im3risonment. 5oCever, in #cott v. 4llinois, 44. 8.#. -7 H!979>, the Court ruled that
counsel did not need to Ae a33ointed i2 the de2endant Cas not sentenced to an1 im3risonment. 4t Cas reversiAle
error 2or 7udge 5oCard and so rule 3articularl1 Chere he ultimatel1 did sentence a33ellant to three da1s
incarceration. +urther this 3erversion o2 an1 holding in #cott versus 4llinois on 7udge 5oCardEs 3art is
indicative o2 the trouAling lacB o2 2idelit1 to the true intent o2 the si,th amendment and 2undamental motions
o2 due 3rocess and 2air 3la1. +or 7udge 5oCard to maBe menEs attem3ts to reconcile his dee3 desire to
sentence to incarceration 2or the a33ellant in this matter Chile also and den1ing the a33ellant his si,th
amendment right to counsel in the trial court A1 reaching out to leverage the statute related to summar1
contem3t committed in the course 3resents indicates a trouAling lacB o2 intellectual hon than est1 on the court
3art and 2urther elucidates a disturAing inca3aAilit1 o2 the court to gras3 the im3ortance the1 should attach to
once 2undamental right to Iealousl1 advocate on their oCn Aehal2 3articularl1 in a criminal matter Cere either
incarceration is a 3ossiAilit1 or as here Cere Aoth incarceration and severe damage to a 3ro3ert1 right i.e. a laC
license Cill necessaril1 2olloC u3on a conviction given the dictates o2 Nevada #u3reme Court rule !!! in that
the charge here 3ett1 larcen1 clearl1 comes Cithin the 3urvieC o2 #u3reme Court rule !!! suAsection - in that
that an1 o22enses 2or Chich an essential element involves an1 t13e o2 the2t are necessaril1 de2ined as a
quotations serious o22ense in quotations Cithin the te,t o2 Nevada #u3reme Court ConEt !!!.
Construction and 033lication o2 #i,th 0mendment %ight to CounselJ#u3reme Court Cases.
0.9.%. +ed. "d ! H6riginall1 3uAlished in "..9>. )he 8.#. #u3reme Court decided that actual im3risonment
Cas the line de2ining the constitutional right to a33ointment o2 counsel in #cott v. 4llinois, 44. 8.#. -7, 99 #.
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Ct. !!(', (9 9. Ed. "d ' H!979>. )he 3etitioner Cas convicted o2 sho3li2ting merchandise valued at less than
K!(.. )he a33licaAle state statute set the ma,imum 3enalt1 2or such an o22ense at a K(.. 2ine or one 1ear in
Gail, or Aoth. )he 3etitionerEs conviction Cas a22irmed A1 the state a33eals court and then A1 the state su3reme
court, notCithstanding his argument that the #i,th and !4th 0mendments to the 8.#. Constitution required that
the #tate 3rovide trial counsel to him at its e,3ense. )he 8.#. #u3reme Court a22irmed, determining that the
+ederal Constitution did not require a state trial court to a33oint counsel 2or a criminal de2endant unless actual
im3risonment Cas im3osed. )he court e,3lained that actual im3risonment Cas a 3enalt1 di22erent in Bind 2rom
2ines or the mere threat o2 im3risonment, and limiting the a33lication o2 the right to counsel to cases Chere
im3risonment Cas actuall1 im3osed and not Gust threatened Cas sound. )he court said that the 3recedent o2
0rgersinger v. 5amlin, 4.7 8.#. "(, 9" #. Ct. "..-, " 9. Ed. "d (. H!97">, had 3roved reasonaAl1 CorBaAle,
Aut an1 e,tension thereo2 Could create con2usion and im3ose un3redictaAle and suAstantial costs on the states.
0ccordingl1, the court held that no indigent criminal de2endant could Ae sentenced to a term o2 im3risonment
unless the #tate had a22orded him the right to the assistance o2 a33ointed counsel in his de2ense.
4n Gudge 5oCardEs Gudgment order o2 conviction in this matter this 2ranBl1 a33alling Chen considering
the lengths to Chich Gudge 5oCard goes to manage to den1 an indigent de2endant his si,th amendment right to
counsel Chile at the same time entering an order that resulted in the de2endants incarceration this is
3articularl1 startling and disturAing considering that Gudge 5oCard reasoned 2rom the Aench at the trial that
#cott the 4llinois alloCed him to den1 the indigent de2endant his si,th amendment right to counsel in that Gail
time Could not Ae ordered in this matter Gudge 5oCard in no Ca1 at that time limited that ruling Chich he
rendered 2rom the Aench the term rendered or u3on rendition a33ears in N%# !'9..!. and is a33licaAle to the
deadline u3on Chich criminal a33ellants must 2ile a notice o2 a33eal as e,tensivel1 Arie2ed in the motion to
dismiss and its accom3an1ing o33osition and su33lement thereto rendered or rendition essentiall1 means Chen
the court or Gudge verAall1 announces something the Aench as such Gudge 5oCardEs oral ruling Cith regard to
the 2act that incarceration Could not occur in this matter is Ainding u3on Gudge 5oCard it is laC the case
hoCever Gudge 5oCard in order incarceration in an1 mincing attem3ts to suggest that the 2act that the
incarceration Cas 2or a 2ine o2 summar1 contem3t committed in the course 3resents under N%# ""..!. suA
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00669
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three should sim3l1 Ae unavailing 3articularl1 Chere a 2undamental constitutional right is involved and Chere
it Gudge 5oCardEs ruling as rendered 2rom the Aench ( min. into the trial did not limit the a33lication o2 his
ruling in an1 Ca1 as such no incarceration the matter Chat it stems 2rom is 3ermissiAle in this matter or
an1thing connected thereto as such this entire Gudgment order o2 conviction is void us as the tCo are
ine,tricaAl1 intertCined in 2act si,th amendment right to counsel once right to Iealous advocac1 summar1
contem3t 2inding and a conviction 2or the crime alleged herein are all ine,tricaAl1 intertCined in Ca1s
disturAing the Gudge 5oCard has event such a clear disregard 2or matters that have such a 3reeminent
im3ortance in the can1on o2 due 3rocess and notions o2 2undamental 2airness 2urther at the trial Chen a2ter (
min. o2 3roceedings that is to sa1 trial it onl1 Aeen going on Gust a 2eC scant minutes and a de2endant u3on the
2irst time he tried to 3reserve and oAGections 2or the record Gudge 5oCard going quote 2rom . to -. in one
secondL announced to the de2endant in a Aull1ing menacing voice that he Could have the de2endant clearl1
custod1 and the trial continued i2 the de2endant Cere to continue to tr1 to 3reserve issues 2or a33eal or
oAGections thereto. )he 2act that Gudge 5oCard is a 2ormer 3rosecutor in addition to Gudge <arner in a 2ormer
3rosecutor in addition to the 2act that at least three o2 the 2our a33ointed de2ense attorne1s that the %eno
@unici3al Court his contract Cith our 2ormer 3rosecutors either Cith the %eno cit1 attorne1Es o22ice or the
Dist. 0tt1.Es o22ice is unsettling as the a33earance created is one o2 an environment Chere a caAal o2 2ormer
3rosecutors has managed to gain a mono3ol1 o2 the %eno @unici3al Court and CorB in conGunction Cith
3rosecutors 2rom the %eno cit1 attorne1Es o22ice to essentiall1 leverage the court as a Aill collector or the cit1 o2
%eno in addition to having the ancillar1 Aene2it o2 Aeing aAle to undermine de2ame and otherCise undul1
Aurden an1 citiIens Cho might taBe issue Cith the m1riad o2 constitutional violations in de3rivations o2
2undamental rights that he %eno ?olice De3artment and the %eno #3arBs 4ndian colon1 carr1 out on a dail1
Aasis and in 3racticall1 ever1 arrest and search incident to arrest that occurs Cithin this Count1 indeed this
s3irit o2 retaliator1 arrest and retaliator1 3rosecution cannot Ae countenanced A1 the District Court citiIens
should not 2ace a guaranteed arrest merel1 2or invoBing their constitutional rights 1et that is Gust e,actl1 Chat
ha33ens on a dail1 Aasis and the %eno cit1 attorne1 cannot Ae said to Ae unaCare this Chere the 2act that a
3attern 3ractice haAit and custom is carried out Cithin the 3olice 2orce is aAout the %eno #3arBs 4ndian colon1
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and the %eno 3olice a3artment such that an1 2uture negligent hiring trainer su3ervision claims that might issue
similar to those that arose in Eo22 the cit1 o2 %eno incident to a Crong2ul arrest and 4" 8#C section !9'
laCsuit o2 recent note. 0s to the 2ormer 3rosecutor caAal a33earance at the %eno @unici3al Court taBes on o2
late o2 the 2our a33ointed de2ense attorne1s 9eC )aitel, Esq., %oAerto ?uentes, Esq., Meith 9oomis, Esq. and
7ane @cMenna that the %eno @unici3al Court has 2inall1 admitted to the de2endant are the names o2 the
a33ointed de2ense counsel three o2 them are 2ormer 3rosecutors Cith the ;ashoe Count1 Dist. 0tt1.Es o22ice
there is some indication that )homas &iloria. Esq is also associated Cith the %@C as a de2ense attorne1 in
some manner, hoCever that has not Aeen con2irmed. 5oCever, Mell1 &iloria, Esq. is a 2ormer ;ashoe Count1
Dist. 0tt1. it is im3ortant to note that the de2endant immediatel1 a2ter the arrest in this matter Chich occurred
Gust da1s a2ter the de2endant 2iled a com3laint Cith the %eno ?olice De3artment alleging 3olice misconduct
and that time Chen the %eno cit1Es attorne1s o22ice Cas aCare o2 such a com3laint the de2endant sought a co31
o2 the 3olice re3ort 2rom the arrest 2or Chich the trial in this case involved the %eno #3arBs 4ndian colon1
re3eatedl1 re2used to 3rovide a co31 o2 this re3ort Aoth in res3onse to Critten and in 3erson request A1 the
de2endant 2or these materials including the conversation Cith a sergeant havenEt seen Cho re3eatedl1 gave
con2licting contradictor1 statements Cith regard to the e,istence o2 such materials availaAilit1 thereo2 and
Chether or not the1 had Aeen 3rovided to the %eno cit1 attorne1Es o22ice the de2endant called the %eno cit1
attorne1Es o22ice and s3oBe Cith %eno cit1 attorne1 de3ut1 Christo3her 5aIlitt #tevens in the CeeB 2olloCing
the #e3temAer 9, ".!! arrest @r. 5aIlitt #tevens in2ormed the accused that he %eno cit1 attorne1Es o22ice did
not having materials incident to the arrest and Could nine AacB have an1 such. 8ntil a2ter the arraignment
Chich Cas set equal month out 2rom the #e3temAer 9 arrest 2or 6ctoAer !. suAsequent 3roductions 2rom the
%eno cit1 attorne1Es o22ice indicate that the %eno cit1 attorne1Es o22ice had received 2a,es 2rom the %eno
#3arBs 4ndian colon1 it didnEt taBe a genius or #herlocB 5olmes to 2igure this out as 2a, headers Aear Citness
to that these o2 the the documents 3roduced A1 %eno cit1 attorne1 ?am %oAerts Aearing com3lete and again the
2a, headers Cith her 3age numAers and 3age counts indicate that not ever1thing is Aeen 3rovided in addition
indicating that shortl1 a2ter the #e3temAer 9 arrest and 3roAaAl1 incident to the 2uss and sunshine the
de2endant Cas Aringing to this matter 3eo3le Cere Aus1 data %eno #3arBs 4ndian colon1 ?olice De3artment
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00671
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and the %eno cit1 attorne1Es us 3articularl1 in light o2 the #e3temAer 7 com3laint 2iled A1 the de2endant
alleging 3olice misconduct A1 the Aeen ? Chich ha33ened to involve some o2 the ver1 same issues Ae2ore the
court in this matter s3eci2icall1 retaliator1 3rosecution and retaliator1 arrest incident to citiIens invoBing or
attem3ting to insert their constitutional rights including those guaranteed A1 the 2ourth and +i2th 0mendment
%eno cit1 attorne1 3rosecutor ?am %oAerts is a Aig 2an o2 s3elunBing in 2act @s. %oAerts seems to hate
sunshine or Chat other conclusion could one maBe u3on a revieC o2 this record @s. %oAerts seeBs to have this
a33eal dismiss Ae2ore it even gets o22 the ground Aased u3on some 3erverted inter3retation o2 N%# !'9..!.
she lies to this court Chen she suggests that a CD Cas not 3rovided to her o22ice and she is gone to great
lengths to avoid hearing 3ortion o2 the audio record Cherein Gudge 5oCard announced or 2urther rendered his
order Cith res3ect to the deadline to 2ile a notice o2 a33eal in this matter @s. %oAerts has a33arentl1 gone so
2ar as to have her e*mail address shut doCn the one Chich is reversel1 Aeen held u3 to 3uAlic on the #tate Bar
NevadaEs CeAsite it undersigned attem3ted to 3rovide @s. 5oCard a striBe that 3rovide @s. %oAerts courtes1
co31 o2 the audio Cherein Gudge 5oCard announced that the notice the deadline 2ile a notice o2 a33eal Could
not Aegin running until a2ter three da1s incarceration he ordered incident to the summar1 contem3t 2inding that
Gudge 5oCard made Gustice canEt ( min. into the trial des3ite the 2act that he said such a 2inding Could result at
trial continued Gudge 5oCard dis3la1ed even 2urther Gust hoC cra2t1 he can Ae Chen he reall1 Cants to get
something accom3lished duet rather than continue the trial Chich might a22ord the accused some means o2
oAtaining the e,cul3ator1 materials 2or Chich unlaC2ul rent distraint Cas Aeing a33lied A1 %ichard 5ill
Esquire incident to the Crong2ul eviction 2rom the e,cuse 2ormer home laC o22ice Chere in the retaliator1 at
intent o2 ;almart and its asset 3rotection sta22 Chich had 3reviousl1 Aeen e,3ressl1 stated A1 ;almart and its
asset 3rotection sta22 could Ae accessed and 3rovided to the court 2or the 3ur3ose o2 aiding in the de2endants
de2ense o2 the crime charged in this matter. 5e transcri3t o2 the trial in this matter is almost com3lete the
undersigned urge is the court to re2rain 2rom doing that Chich the %eno #aturda1 attorne1 oAviousl1 one Chich
is to 3revent an1 sunshine shoCing on this matter or the trouAling lacB o2 checBs and Aalances in the %eno
@unici3al Court and the 3roAlems incident to having a caAal o2 2ormer 3rosecutors let loose in the hen house
that is the %eno @unici3al Court indeed these 3roAlems include the 2act that the undersigned Cas denied the
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right A1 Gudge 5oCard it got covered !. arraignment to BnoC the names and identities o2 equal or 2ormer
3rosecutorsL that either the %eno cit1 attorne1 or %eno @unici3al Court has contracted Cith Cide
re3resentation to indigent de2endants in matters 2or the %eno @unici3al Court the undersigned in clearl1 Ae
heard on the record o2 that arraignment quer1ing Gudge <artner a 2ormer 3rosecutor himsel2 much liBe Gudge
5oCard as to his right to BnoC the names o2 these into individual contracted de2enders this Cas necessar1 2or
the 3ur3ose o2 doing com3le, checBs and ascertaining their quali2ications and characteristics Gudge <artner
curtl1 re2used to 3rovide such in2ormation 2urther Gudge <ardnerEs @arshall and @arshall @entIel Cas ma1
seem rude and threatening in res3onse to the undersigned maBing queries at that time related to the si,th
amendment essentiall1 the %eno @unici3al Court once 3eo3le, and there 2orBed out some mone1 and leave
causing the %eno @unici3al Court is marshals and the %eno cit1 attorne1 as little hassle along the Ca1 and as
little e,3ense as 3ossiAle sometimes as here this is accom3lished A1 sBim3ing on things liBe the sicB man right
to counsel and involves e,treme creativit1 s3eciall1 on the 3art o2 Gudge 5oCard Cherein he manages to not
onl1 denied the indigent criminal de2endant his si,*memAer right counsel Chere incarceration is ultimatel1
ordered that he also manages to do so Chere no right to seeB revieC o2 his summar1 contem3t 2inding or estate
thereo2 is a22orded the accused is im3ortant to note that at the conclusion o2 the trial Cearing @s. %oAerts had
alread1 gone home and the ;almart is loss 3revention associate +ontenot and his tCo Auddies on the %eno
#3arBs 4ndian colon1 3olice 2orce Cere milling aAout in the loAA1 outside the court s3ite the 2act that tCo o2
three Citnesses in that grou3 had 2inished testi21ing hours 3revious to the conclusion o2 the trial and
incarceration o2 the accused 3ro se indigent de2endant could Aeen denied his right to counsel and Chere the
%eno @unici3al Court a33arentl1 2acing such great Audget issues that sBim3ing on the si,*memAer right is
necessar1 somehoC still manage to Bee3 u3Cards o2 si, court em3lo1ees CorBing overtime 2or a33ro,imatel1
4 hours so that the matter o2 such e,traordinar1 3uAlic concern that o2 a ?etit larcen1 trial Cearing a cand1 Aar
Cas allegedl1 liAerated 2rom ;almart could Ae e,3editiousl1 addressed AacB to the 6ctoAer !. arraignment
<artner re2using A1 the name o2 the 3ros3ective de2enders 9eCis tale Cas a33ointed to @r. tales con2lict
checBing 3rocedures did not catch the 2act that the de2endant here the undersigned Coughlin had actuall1 sued
Nevada court services the 3rocess server Cith Chom tale shares Aoth in o22ice and rece3tionist and Chich list
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taAle as associated Cith their Ausiness on the Nevada court services CeAsite tale violated %eno @unici3al
Court rules in seeBing CithdraC 2rom the matter Cithout 2ile a Critten motion in that regard onl1 a2ter )a1lor
Aeen 3rett1 to e,tremel1 sensitive and con2idential in2ormation and 2iles incident the de2ense this matter tale
still is 1et to divulge this are in an1 Ca1 document this im3ro3riet1 instead tales good 2riend %oAerta 3oint as
Cho also suAsequentl1 had revealed Coughlin that he has a Ausiness relationshi3 Cith Nevada court services
himsel2 m1steriousl1 a33eared in @r. tales status counsel 2or the same de2endant Coughlin in another matter
%@C !! C% "-4.( Cherein Coughlin Cas charged Cith tres3assing in connection to the same 3ro3ert1
involved in the eviction 2rom CoughlinEs 2ormer home o22ice in %eno Gustice court case rev ".!! N .. !7.'
Chich involve %ichard < 5ill Esquire signed a criminal com3laint 2or tres3ass against Coughlin. ;hile
Coughlin Cas arrested 2or tres3ass u3on 5ill suAmitting a sign criminal com3laint to the same %eno ?olice
De3artment o22icer Chris Carter that admitted to Coughlin that 5ill AriAes him, the %eno ?olice De3artment
re2used to arrest an1one 2rom CoughlinEs 2ormer %eno @unici3al Court a33ointed 3uAlic de2ender 9uis taBe
tolls Ausiness 3artners Nevada court services 2or their tres3ass u3on CoughlinEs 2ormer home laC o22ices gated
AacB1ard Chich Cas caught on ta3e and can Ae seen on :ou)uAe right noC. 4tEs also ver1 incestuous and
con2using that it Could reall1 taBe much than the 2ive 3ages mentioned in the scores Arie2ing order to s3ell it
out su22ice to sa1 @r. ?uentes Cas recentl1 granted his motion to CithdraC 2rom re3resenting Coughlin in the
tres3ass case Ae2ore %eno @unici3al Court A1 2ormer 3rosecutor noC %eno @unici3al Court Gudge <artner
Cho Gust a scant tCo 1ears ago Cas CorBing 2or the %eno cit1 attorne1Es o22ice Cho em3lo1s ?am Ni2ong, er,
?am %oAerts, Cho cares not that she is suAorning 3erGur1 o2 ;almart Citness +ontenot and the tCo %eno
#3arBs and incline 3olice o22icers rest assured Chether this a33eal is dismissed or not or Chether a de novo
trial is a22orded as the undersigned Aelieves it is as no one is argued or taAlet that is orders court record and
that the hearing date set in this matter should not Ae treated as a real legitimate hearing date itEs entirel1
3ossiAle some sunshine his guests shine on this matter and all the incestuous con2lict o2 interest and sel2*
dealing evident in the matter u3on Chich this a33eal is Aased
0 little sneaB 3eeB at the transcri3t 2or the case a33ealed here reveals:
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00674
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L
Beginnings audio transcri3t at ":!!:(- ?@
Coughlin: are 1ou having them sit together Aecause the1 are on the same teamF
@arshall @entIel: m1 courtroom. 4 3ut 3eo3le Chere 4 Cant them.
Coughlin: oBa1 Aut Ch1 are the1 3ut togetherF
@arshall: all rise de3artment 2or the %eno @unici3al Court sta22 session the 5on. 7udge 5oCard 3residing
5oCard: Ae seated ever1one
%oAerts: :our 5onor last cases cit1 verse Zachar1 Coughlin !! C% ""!7- @r. Coughlin Could 1ou ste3 2orCard 3lease
5oCard all right this is the time and 3lace set 2or trial in regard to a
4n regard to a head1 larcen1 alleged to Aeen committed on #e3temAer 9 o2 this 1ear com3laint alleges that said de2endant
on o and Cill Cill and Cill in no small him as him terriAl1 shaBen r aAout #e3temAer 9 ". !!th hour ;almart "4"( E. "nd
#t. cit1 o2 %eno state o2 Nevada did taBe carr1ing aCa1 ;almart 3ro3ert1 valued at less than K"(. Cith the intent to
de3rive ;almart o2 said 3ro3ert1 said 3ro3ert1 consisted o2 cough dro3s chocolate Aar @r. Coughlin is that 1our
understanding o2 the charge
Coughlin:4 Aelieve so :our 5onor
5oCard: all right 3art Aoth 3arties read1 to 3roceed at this time
%oAert: :es, :our 5onor
Coughlin: no :our 5onor 4Em not read1 to 3roceed
5oCard: Ch1 not
@r. Coughlin: ;ell, there is a variet1 o2 reasons, :our 5onor
5oCard: 1ou have to s3eaB u3 i2 1ou Cant me..
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00675
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. Coughlin: 1es sir :our 5onor, thereEs a variet1 o2 reasons, sir, 4 Could sa1 chie2 o2 Chich is that it unlaC2ul rent distraint
is currentl1 Aeing a33lied to m1 2iles that are necessar1 to de2end this case 4 Cas evicted in Gustice court case %E&".!!*
..!7.' recentl1, Aesides having an im3ermissiAle rent escroC de3osit a33lied to me in that case
5oCard:Chat is that have to do Cith this caseF
Coughlin: recentl1 4 have Aeen a22ected all m1 2iles
5oCard: right
Coughlin: all m1 2iles incident the de2ense o2 this case are currentl1 Aeing Cithheld under in him 3ermissiAle rent distraint
in violation o2 N%# 4. * "(7- and !!' a.4-.
5oCard Chat else 1ou have other than this Chat else 1ou have, as a Aasis 2or not Aeing 3re3aredF
Coughlin: 4 made numerous attem3ts to contact the %eno cit1 attorne1Es o22ice @s. %oAerts in attem3ts to discuss this
matter
5oCard: @s. %oAerts
Coughlin: and 4 have not Aeen aAle to reach her
5oCard or that sound Aasis 2or Brenda continuance ma1Ae she doesnEt s3eaB to she is not required to Coughlin 2urther
thereEs a good deal o2 discover1 that needs to Ae undertaBen in this regard ;almart has Aeen oAstructive, as Cell as
unintelligiAle
5oCard: Chat items o2 discover1
Coughlin: Cell 4Ed liBe to taBe some de3ositions as Cell have them res3ond to some suA3oena duces ) comes 4 had served
on them
5oCard Chat else
Coughlin the same could Ae said 2or the %eno #3arBs 4ndian: a this is a com3le, case in terms 1ou have the 4ndian colon1
renting 3ro3ert1 to ;almart Chile em3lo1ing the same 3olice 3atrolling the 3ro3ert1 on Chich the1 have a 2inancial staBe
in Chether maBe an arrest thereEs 2ourth amendment issues involved in this case as Cell is 4" section !9' aAuse o2
3rocessEs and 3olice misconduct in terms o2 attem3ting to oAtain consent an im3ermissiAle search through coercive means
this is not a sim3le little case civil recover1 aAuses are Aeing alleged on the 3art o2 ;almart attem3ted state actors as Cell
4 can 3roAaAl1 3ut into Cords and math :our 5onor 5ucB trul1 disru3tive this eviction it is 4 Cas evicted 2rom m1 home
o22ice man attorne1 in the state o2 Nevada m1 client 2iles are curling 4 donEt even BnoC i2 4 should call the m1 2iles to m1
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clients 2iles are Aeing Cithheld under an im3ermissiAle rent distraint 4 Cas se,uall1 assaulted A1 a Aaili22 in court the other
da1
5oCard in this court
Coughlin in Gustice court
Coughlin all o2 these matters can shi33ing to an undul1 Aurdensome environment in Chich A1 that aAilit1 to de2end this
case has Aeen undul1 3reGudice in the e,treme
5oCard 4 thanB 1ou amended to m1 request to continue 4 guess Chether this is a com3le, case is in the e1e o2 the
Aeholder 4 donEt t13icall1 2ind that these matters are as com3le, as 1ouEve indicated the1 are on that as Cell that much o2
the argument that 1ou made here relating to se,ual assault o2 a Aaili22 and another core 1our inaAilit1 to 3ossess control
1our client 2iles have no relevance in m1 mind to 3roceeding Cith the charges and 3ett1 larcen1 alleged to have occurred
at ;almart on #e3temAer 9
Coughlin not Gust m1 client 2iles or materials needed to de2end this case are Aeing Cithheld
5oCard 4 interru3t 1ou sir donEt interru3t me
Coughlin 1ester
5oCard additional note that the last hearing NovemAer !4 the cit1 Cas 3resent Cith three Citnesses the matter Cas
continued initiall1 indicated that Ce Could note @r. CoughlinEs 2ailure to a33ear Ce ordered a Aench Carrant and K!...
cash Aail onl1 to discover un2ortunatel1 2or @r. Coughlin Cas in custod1 so the matter Cas reset Cill Cill 4 thinB thereEs
Aeen su22icient time to 3re3are 2or trial in this matter so Ce Cill 3roceed Cith trial all Citnesses 3lease stand rich arra1 can
Ae sCorn 3lease
Coughlin i2 4 can Gust BnoC m1 oAGections 2or the record Cill
5oCard standing oAGections
Coughlin @s. 5oCard has agreed to a continuance suAmitting a Critten agreement to the continues this matter
5oCard @s. %oAerts
%oAerts he initiall1 had asBed 2or a motion to continue sometime ago 4 Cent Cas 2or the !4th and 4 did not oAGect at that
time am 4 thinB 1ou sent me an e*mail a2ter the !4th and 4 said 4 Could not oAGect Aut :our 5onor so at that time 4 did not
oAGect he has 2iled 2iled additional motions Cith additional allegations that 4 thinB should Ae stricBen and not considered
A1 this court and 4Ed liBe to CithdraC m1 lacB o2 o33osition to continuance
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5oCard Cill in an1 event this court is not going to agree to the sti3ulation i2 there Cas a sti3ulation to continue Cithout
Citnesses Citnesses here 2or second time the1Ere read1 to 3roceed this case going 2orCard the1 Cill Gudge Aut Cill sCear
the Citnesses
@arshall < sCear to tell the truth and nothing Aut the truth
Citnesses 1ester
@arshall evolved and sCorn
5oCard all right @r. Coughlin do 4 need to go over the here toda1F
Coughlin 1ester and 5oCard the cit1 has a Aurden o2 3roo2 and as such Cill alloC @s. %oAerts to 3roceed Cith its case in
chie2 initiall1 she can do so A1 calling one more Citnesses to the Citness stand 1ou have an o33ortunit1 to cross e,amine
each o2 those Citnesses once she has com3leted she can honestl1 o22er an1 3h1sical or documentar1 evidence that she
2eels is relevant oAviousl1 suAGect to an1 oAGections that 1ou might have to relevanc1 initiatives A1 this court Cants the
cit1 has concluded its case 1ou Cill have not #aturda1 to 3resent a de2ense case 4 highlight the Cord o33ortunit1 Aecause 4
thinB 1ou understand there is no requirement that 1ou 3resent an1 evidence Chatsoever and AacB should 1ou choose not
to testi21 this court thereEs no in2erence as to 1our guilt or urine hundred cents Aased on 1our decision not to testi21 on the
other hand 1ou have an aAsolute right to o22er testimon1 in the 2orm o2 Citnesses including 1oursel2 realiIing that each o2
those Citnesses Cill Ae suAGect to cross*e,amination A1 the cit1 attorne1 in 2act i2 1ou have an1 additional evidence
3h1sical or documentar1 that 1ou Could liBe me to revieC in most circumstances 4 Cill do so suAGect once again to an1
oAGections that the cit1 attorne1 and he might have to that evidence once the tCo o2 1ou have suAmitted 1our res3ective
cases 4 Cill alloC Aoth o2 1ou to maBe closing arguments once concluded this court Cill render a decision as 1our guilt 2or
1our innocence do understandF
Coughlin 4 do have a question :our 5onor the cou3le 1ou mentioned that 4 Could Ae aAle to 3resent evidence i2 that
evidence is Aeing Cithheld 2rom me at this 3oint and itEs 3ending a sta1 in motion 2or return o2 3ersonal 3ro3ert1 in Gustice
court 4 Could Ae 3recluded 2rom action accessing that evidenceF
5oCard 4Eve ruled on that alread1 have 4 not
Coughlin it sounded liBe 1ou said it didnEt matter
5oCard 4 donEt 2ind that itEs relevant to go 2orCard Cith the trial toda1
Coughlin so i2 4 have video evidence o2 retaliator1 intent A1 ;almart
5oCard 1ou shouldEve Arought it Cith 1ou toda1
- 13
00678
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Coughlin Aut i2 itEs Aeing Cithheld im3ermissiAl1 under the laC
5oCard: Ce are going 2orCard toda1 4 have addressed the issue 1ou can Aring it u3 on a33eal i2 1ou 2eel that the decision
o2 the scores in 3ro3er understood
Coughlin 1ester :our 5onor 1es i2 4 question 4 did Cith
5oCard @r. Coughlin lets 1ou and 4 have a agreement toda1 that Ce Cill Ae res3ect2ul o2 one another 1ou can tender an1
oAGections that 1ou ma1 have 4 do not Cant 1ou to Ae re3etitious i2 1ou made an oAGection or a 3resentation and 4Eve ruled
on it e,ce3t that and letEs move on to understanding 4 do hoCever
Coughlin 4 do hoCever to the e,tent that 1ouEve told me that m1 li2e and career are not Corth a continuance Aecause it
might cost ;almart associate another tri3 to the court house 4 donEt see Ce are Aeing res3ect2ul o2 me :our 5onor
":"7 ?@
5oCard ver1 good Aut 3roceed
%oAerts :our 5onor %1an can invoBe e,clusionar1 rule asBed )homas and )ina is A1
Coughlin :our 5onor +4C0 Gust interGect and address a cou3le 3reliminar1 motions in limine and e,clusionar1 motions
5oCard got
Coughlin ConEt asB an1 o2 the discover1 that there %eno cit1 attorne1s 3rovided Ae e,cluded under them motion in
lemonade e,clusionar1 rule and that Ce 2ull1 Arie2ed the issues there and i2 Ae2ore an1 such such discover1 is admitted in
evidence
5oCard Chich emotional lemon1
Coughlin to e,clude the the Critten statements o2 @r. +ontenot and the
5oCard Cill on Chat Aasis do liBe o2ten that their violative o2 the 2ourth amendment
cit1
5oCard cit1 a res3onse
%oAerts 4 thinB he is articulate hoC the1 invoBe the 2ourth 2i2th amendments rather than Gust maBe Aald assertion that
the1Eve violative Cill
5oCard Cell and good and denied a request man1 in N%# !7. 4!"( motions are required to Ae made 3rior to trial 1ou
2ailed to do that in Critten 2orm on BnocB in or register them at this 3oint in time Aecause there have the oAvious e22ect o2
continuing this 3receding toda1 and 4 thinB thatEs Chere 1ouEre going not request that
Coughlin and 4Ell Gust 4nternet inGection
- 14
00679
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5oCard 4 Cant to hear an1thing 2urther is denied
Coughlin Cine1 dinner m1 oAGections to the records are mad do so
5oCard @r. Coughlin and giving 1ou 2air Carning i2 1ou continue to 3ersist in this line o2 3er2ormance 4Em going to hold
1ou in contem3t ":"9 ?@
Coughlin 4 ConEt Ae Aullied into and not entering m1 oAGections on the record neC line 5oCard this matter Cill Ae
continued Aecause 1ouEre going to Ae 3laced in custod1 noC 1ou can giving 2air Carning letEs 3roceed
Coughlin :our 5onor ma1 4 enter m1 oAGections in the record to 3reserve them 2or the record on a33eal
5oCard go ahead
Coughlin seems as though 1ouEve Gust told me that 4 ma1 not Aecause 1ou Gust told me 1ou are going to have to Ae arrested
i2 4 do so 4 am a little scared to do that at this 3oint :our 5onor and 4 move 2or 1our recusal 2rom this case on that Aasis
5oCard
Coughlin 3aroles
5oCard denies
Coughlin oBa1 then can 4 enter m1 record and state the Aasis 2or m1 oAGections 2or the motions in limine
5oCard @r. Coughlin letEs 3roceed BaBer oAGections on the record noC go ahead
Coughlin oBa1 citiIen originall1 get angr1 4 Aelieve 4 have. )hose motions suAmit 4 Aelieve 4 have suAmitted those
motions in Criting
5oCard and the1 have Aeen denied
Coughlin Cell it seemed as though a second ago :our 5onor said that the1 had not Aeen suAmitted in Criting
5oCard: all right H3ounds 2ist on desB maBing ver1 loud soundO @icro3hone noC 2unctions Cith 2eedAacB 2or an e,tended
3eriod o2 time >
":.:-: ?@:
Coughlin 2urther there is a coercive attem3t to 3rocure consent to a search Aased u3on not consenting. ?roAaAle cause Cas
Auttressed u3on a 2ailure to not consent to search Chich as 1ou stated earlier :our 5onor asserting +i2th 0mendment or
2ourth man right cannot Ae used to in2er evidence o2 guilt Cill or to Auttress a 3roAaAle cause 2inding 2or a search
3articularl1 2or a search that occurs 3rior to arrest
5oCard: an1thing 2urtherF
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00680
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Coughlin 4 do 4 am terriAl1 shaBen A1 Chat 1ou said to me, #ir, and itEs a22ected m1 aAilit1 to concentrate right noC and
de2end m1 case given the . to -. in one second a33roach that 4 have Citnessed 1ou taBe Cith me toda1 in terms o2
threatening me Cith content u3on the 2irst attem3t 4 Aelieve 4 made to 3reserve and oAGections 2or the record 2urther 4
Aelieve m1 motion 2or reconsideration 2or counsel Cas never ruled on there is a si, amendment right to counsel Chere the
3ossiAilit1 o2 Gail time is
5oCard: 1our initial motion has Aeen 3reviousl1 denied all denied again in regard to motion 2or counsel all denied again
2or the record that is 2ounded u3on #cott versus 4llinois Chich is that an inGured event and visual as 1ou claim 1ou are i2
the1 are not going to Ae sentenced to Gail time there is no requirement o2 the a33ointment o2 counsel...L
)hatEs Gust a taste in the transcri3t Cill reveal much o2 interest to the District Court and in 2act much 2or Chich the District
Court liBel1 has some liaAilities should it seeB to turn a Alind e1e to the due 3rocess de2iciencies endemic to that Chich
occurs on a dail1 Aasis in the %eno @unici3al Court. +urther itEs disturAing to have that the %eno @unici3al Court has
clearl1 suAmitted to the District Court a record on a33eal Aut is entirel1 incom3lete and attem3ts to thCart the
undersignedEs attem3ts to e,3ose some o2 the 3roAlems in due 3rocess de2iciencies 3revalent Cithin the %eno @unici3al
Court at this time in addition to the various 2actual and legal Aases 2or this a33eal the undersigned has this court 2orced the
%eno @unici3al Court to 3rovide actual one 3age 3er 3age re3roductions o2 the 4oCa means all o2 them at the
undersigned sheet a33roval 2ile 2rom %eno @unici3al Court 2or o22ice su3ervisor Donna Ballard instead o2 these
decidedl1 illegiAle 2our 3ages 3er 3age versions additionall1 incor3orated A1 re2erence are all the arguments 2actual and
legal assertions made Cithin the o33osition and an1 other 2ilings in this or the trial court the o33osition the motion to
dismiss 2iled A1 @s. %oAerts 2urther as this court has made clear to the undersigned in other cases the 2ailure to o33ose a
motion Cill Ae taBen under the ?o3e case and district court rule ! as admission o2 the validit1 o2 the arguments made and
2or Chich no o33osition Cas 3rovided in that regard @s. %oAerts court re2usal to res3ond to an1 o2 the matters set 2orth in
the undersignedEs recent 2ilings in this case should r result in the same t13es o2 admissions that the undersigned has had
2ound as rising against him in other cases in De3artment !., 2urther is trouAling that Cere some de3artments 3re2er to
decide cases on the merits other de3artments indicate to certain litigants that N%C? -He> does not accord litigants an
additional three da1s to res3ond to notions etc. Chere electronic service has occurred des3ite the 3lain reading o2 that rule
- 16
00681
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indicating that it does. 0lso, see DeAoer. )he undersigned signed a test under 3enalt1 o2 3erGur1 that u3on in2ormation
Aelieved to 2actual legal assertions made herein are true to the Aest o2 his BnoCledge although admittedl1 this recitation
given the e,igencies and 5arrington %eno cit1 attorne1 %oAerts Cas aAout intention to maBe sure this case never sees
the light o2 Gudicial revieC.
0dditionall1 Gudge 5oCard admitted he Cas remiss not in2orming the undersigned o2 his right to a33eal
res3ect to the conviction the ?etit larcen1 charge hoCever Gudge 5oCard could Ae said to have attem3ted to
mislead the undersigned Cith res3ect to Chether or not he Could have an1 right to a33eal the summar1
contem3t 2inding as u3on Aeing queried in that regard Gudge 5oCard denied that an1 such revieC Could Ae
accorded in curtl1 stated that he Cas going 2orCard Cith that des3ite his Lsaddened A1 the e,tent to Chich
doing so Could 3reGudice the undersigned engaging criminal de2endant attorne1s clients cases.
Notes 2rom revieC o2 %ecord on 033eal
Clearl1 the %ecord on 033eal 2rom the %eno @unici3al Court is missing much o2 Chat Coughlin 2iled.
)he %@C e,3ressl1 gave Coughlin 3ermission to 2ile A1 email rather than 2a,. )hat 3ermission cannot
reasonaAl1 Ae said to have Aeen revoBed 3rior to DecemAer ".th, ".!!. 0s such, the 2ull Lone 3age 3er 3ageL
3roduction o2 the various 2iling Coughlin suAmitted to the %@C HChith the e,3ress Critten 3ermission o2 %@C
+iling 622ice #u3ervisor Donna Ballard> shoudl Ae included in the %ecord on 033eal, not the L2our 3age 3er
3ageL version that has Aeen scanned n A1 the %@C in a manner to maBe it es3eciall1 illegiAle.
)he undersigned is 2iling noC Hattached as E,hiAit P> a co31 o2 the %ecord on 033eal, Chich the
%@C has a33arentl1 title L0??E09 ?%6CEED4N<# +%6@ @8N4C4?09E# C68%)L HChich includes on
Aates stam3ed 3age " a LCE%)4+4ED C6?: 6+ D6CME)L.
?age 9 o2 the %60 reveals the L0%%E#) %E?6%) 0ND DEC90%0)46N 6+ ?%6B0B9E
C08#EL 2illed out A1 %eno #3arBs 4ndian Colon1 H%#4C> 622icer Cameron CraC2ord. CraC2ord 3erGured
- 17
00682
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himsel2 Cith his testimon1 at trial in this matter Hand %eno Cit1 0ttorne1 ?am %oAerts suAorned his 3erGur1 in
violation o2 numerous %ules o2 ?ro2essional Conduct and 3rosecutorial standards>.
CraC2ords testimon1 is littered Cith l1ing and or slo331 errors, Gusti21ing overturning the conviction in this
matter. 0t (:(4 3m on the audio transcri3t 2rom !!D.D!! in %@C !! C% ""!7- H0)> Cameron incidates that
the 8?C 2or the Lcough dro3sL Coughlin Cas accused o2 stealing Ldid not a33ear on the recei3tL o2 the items
Coughlin actuall1 3urchased:
CraC2ord: 4 did checB 2or the 8?C, 1es, Gust the numAers
Coughlin: 2or ChichF
Cr: +or Aoth.
Co: +or BothF #o, noC 1ouEre sa1ing that the 8?C 2or the cough dro3s did not a33ear on the recei3tF
Cr: Correct.
Co: #o, i2 the 8?C 2or the cough dro3s does a33ear on the recei3t, that Could maBe 1our testimon1, inaccurate
or unreliaAleF
Cr: 4 guess. 4 donEt BnoC.
Co: :ou guessF
0lso at -:.(3m CraC2ord amdits Hand that Chen he shoCed u3 to the scened, ;almartEs +rontino
alread1 had a Criminal Com3laint 2illed out. )his directl1 contradicts +rontinoEs earlier testimon1 that da1 that
+rontino did not BnoC CoughlinEs name 3rior to CraC2ord receiving it 2rom Coughlin, and that +rontino did
not have a Criminal Com3laint 2illed out, Cith CouglhinEs name inserted into even 3rior to CraC2ord and
BraunCorth shoCing u3 to investigate. +rontino clearl1 o22ered 3erGured testimon1 in that regard. )54#
D4%EC)9: C6N)%0D4C)# +rontinos ealier1 tetiom1 that he didnotBnoC CoughlinEs nme 3riorto raC2ord
- 18
00683
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getting it 2rom Coulhin. +urter, this im3licates +rotino 2or 3erGru1eve 2urther i consideration o2 te 2act tat
+rontino lied Cene idicated tat he id ot ave a seeto2c 3a3erCih CoughlnEs nam isat e,t to Couhli
CimmediatelCen+rontinoescorted Coughlin AacBto ;almarEts nterrogation room
0t -:.- 3m 0) CraC2ord indicates that he onl1 conducted the search o2 CoughlinEs 3ocBets a2ter he 3laced
handcu22s on Coughlin.
+urther, CraC2ord clearl1 3er2orms an im3ermissiAle search o2 CoughlinEs Aag on the L0? 6&E%&4E;*
9D9D".!!L video Hhereina2ter L0? 6vervieCL, see attached as E,hiAit P> at 9:"':., Cell 3rior to an1 cu22s
Aeing 3ut on and Cell 3rior CraC2ord searchign in CoughlinEs 3ocBets. 4t is this Aull1ing, menacing a33roach,
comAined Cith CraC2ords o2t e,hiAited Cillingness to Aend the rules as to the Bill o2 %ights HChen he is even
aCare the1 e,ist> that is trul1 trouAl1, 3articularl1 Chere it is the same entit1 that is 3a1ing CraC2ords checB
that is renting the land to ;al*@art. CraC2ord can Ae seen at various 3oints in the 0? 6vervieC video GaA
ste33ing toCards Couglin, over and over, in an overl1 aggressive 2ashion, Cith the standing CraC2ord Gutting
his crotch toCards the sitting CoughlinEs 2ace, over and over, in some sort o2 3recursor to an a33arent Aull rush.
4t is ridiculous to Catch.
+urther, earlier in this L0? 6vervieCL video at 9:"4:"7 3m Coughlin can clearl1 Ae seen res3onding to
CraC2ords request 2or CoughlinEs driverEs license A1 giving CraC2ord CoughlinEs driverEs license. CraC2ord
lied aAout this at trial, and even asserted that he Cas unaAle to issue a citation to Coughlin in light o2
CoughlinEs re2usal to 3rovide CoughlinEs drivers license. 5oCever, the 0rrest %e3ort and ?roAaAle Cause
sheet CraC2ord 2illed out Hsee the %60 3age 9> clearl1 shoC that CraC2ord had CoughlinEs driverEs license
numAer HChich he got 2rom the driverEs license Coughlin gave CraC2ord, as shoCn in the 0? 6vervieC video
at 9:"4:"4 3m>. +urther, as indicated on the 3roAaAle cause sheet, CraC2ord Crote doCn the address 2or
Coughlin 2rom CoughlinEs driverEs license: !"! %iver %ocB #t. %eno, N& '9(.!. 0dditionall1, CraC2ord
- 19
00684
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graAs CoughlinEs sho33ing Aag 2rom out o2 CoughlinEs hands at 9:"4:- 3m, in an im3emissilAe shoC o2
dominance and aAuse o2 3oCer, occuring Cell 3rior to an1 LtechnicalL 3oint o2 arrest. CraC2ord tried to
descriAe this 3rocess as Coughlin Lvoluntaril1L suAmitting to a sort o2 Cea3ons 2risB, hoCever the video
reveals something 2ar 2rom a voluntar1 encounter, Cith CraC2ord himsel2 committing a crime A1 graAAing the
Aag out o2 CoughlinEs hands, then l1ing aAout it in his re3ort and suAsequentl1 at )rial. +urther, CraC2ord
goes Ae1ond a sim3le L3at doCn to checB 2or Cea3onsL Chen he 3ulls CoughlinEs hat o22 o2 CoughlinEs head at
9:"(:.9 3m.
CraC2ord received CoughlinEs driverEs license 2rom Coughlin at 9:"4:"7 ?@ in the 0? 6vervieC
video. )he video clearl1 reveals it is CoughlinEs #tate o2 Nevad drivers license Coughlin hands to CraC2ord,
Chich CraC2ord suAsequentl1 called into the 4ncline Dis3atch Center HChich contracts Cith the %#4C> to run a
checB 2or 3riors using CoughlinEs name and drivers license numAer. 83on receiving the driverEs license,
CraC2ord looBs at it and 3ins it to a cli3 on his 2ront right shirt 3ocBet, shortl1 Ae2ore conducting a 3at doCn o2
Coughlin. 0t 9:"4:. 3m the 2emale his3anic ;al*@art em3lo1ee re*enters to small !. A1 !. 2oot con2ined
interrogation room, maBing it " %#4C 622icers and tCo ;al*mart 0? 0ssociatesDsu3ervisors in the room Cith
Coughlin. 0t 9:"4:(. 3m, ;almartEs +rontino can clearl1 Ae seen 3lanting somethign into CoughlinEs
sho33ing Aag. Ne,t at 9:"(:!' 3m, another male, caucasian ;almart 0? 0ssociate enters this small, con2ined
interrogation room, maBing it 2ive on one.
0t the Aeginning o2 Chat Cas 3rovided A1 the %eno Cit1 0ttorne1 as the 0? 6vervieC video, at
9:!7:- 3m, +rontino enters the interrogation room ahead o2 Coughlin, Chom enters Cith the sho33ing cart
and Aag o2 some K'( Corth o2 3urchases he had Gust 3aid 2or. 4n the loCer right hand corner o2 the screen
clearl1 visiAile is a com3uter monitor and 3rinter ato3 a desB. Atop this printer is a CD/DVD is! in a
"hite s#ee$e% +rontino and an another ;almart 0? 0ssociate are in the room Cith Coughlin seconds later.
0) 9:!7:4( +rontino reaches into the sho33ing cart and 3ulls Chat a33ears to Ae a AroCn Cra33er o2 some sort
out. )his Cra33er is clearl1 set in the middle o2 a near em3t1 sho33ing cart HCoughlinEs K'( Corth o2 3urchase
all 2it Cithin a singular small Chite 3lastic sho33ing Aag Chich. )his AroCn Cra33er does not have an1thing
- 20
00685
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ato3 it oAscurring it in an1 Ca1 Chere it Cas in the sho33ing cart 3rior to +rontino 3ulling it out. 83on
in2ormation and Aelie2, as is standard o3erating 3rocedure 2or ;almartEs 0? 3ersonnel in this situations, the
unnamed ;almart 0? 0ssociate can Ae seen 3ressing record on his record device at the 9:!7:(' marB, though
;almart Could suAsequentl1 den1 having an1 such audio records and Could 2urther 2ail to res3ond to
CoughlinEs #uA3oena duces tecum.
0t the 9:!':(( 3m marB a ;almart Customer #ervice @anager HL@attL> in an 6aBland %aiderEs Gerse1 enters
the room. +rontino attem3ts to give this C#@ the items he Aelieves Cere stolen to this C#@, along Cith a red
Aag o2 @Q@Es. 5oCever, +rontinoEs attem3t to include this Aag o2 @Q@Es in Chat is delivered to the C#@
HCho, oAstensiAl1 goes o22 Cith the items to create a Lrecei3tL o2 the allegedl1 stolen items> is reAu22ed A1 the
unnamed ;almart 0? 0ssociate also in the room at the time. 0t )rial, +rontino testi2ied that this 0ssociate
Cas not 3resent during the relevant times, as he Cas Lon AreaBL.
0t 9:!9:.9 +rontino is seen o3ening and reachign into the le2t u33er draCer o2 his desB and 3ulling out
a cli3Aoard Cith 3a3er a22i,ed to it. +rom this time until a 2ull 2our minutes later at 9:":!( Chen the %#4C
622icerEs BraunCorth and trainee CraC2ord arrive, +rontino can Ae seen threatening and attem3ting to
alternativel1 intimidate Coughlin and o22er Coughlin LdealsL ChereA1 an admission Cill Ae treated Cith
lenience in the 2orm o2 Lletting 1ou goL . 8nnamed can Ae seen adGusting his recording device and CalBie talB
at 9:"":4 3m. 0t 9:"4:!! 3m +rontino 3ulls out a sheet o2 3a3er 2rom a 2ile in his loCer le2t desB draCer. 0t
9:"4:" a his3anic 2emale ;almart #u3ervisor enters the room, maBing the total " ;almart em3lo1ees, and
tCo %#4C 622icers and Coughlin in a !. 2oot A1 !. 2oot room. ;hile Gutting his crotch 2orCard into the sitting
CoughlinEs 2ace, CraC2ord graAs the 3lastic Aag Cith CoughlinEs 3urchases out o2 CoughlinEs la3 and demands
that Coughlin alloC him to do a L3at doCnL to checB 2or Cea3ons. )his Cea3ons checB L3at doCnL Aeginning
at 9:"(:.. 3m is overl1 long and involves much mani3ulation and ruAAing o2 CoughlinEs 3ocBets, Cell Ae1ond
that reasonaAl1 necessar1 to assure the sus3ect did not have a Cea3on.
- 21
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CraC2ord lied aAout Chether Coughlin Could 3rovide his driverEs license Aecause he is sneaB1 and
dishonest. CraC2ord BneC that the laC in Nevada does not alloC 2or an 622icer liBe CraC2ord to arrest one
accused o2 a misdemeanor not committed in the 3resence o2 the o22icer. 4n such situations, an 622icer ma1
issue a citation, Aut not conduct a custodial arrest. ;ithout a custodial arrest, the o22icer is unaAle to 3er2orm a
search incident to an arrest. 5oCever, CraC2ord Aadl1 Canted to 3er2orm such a search incident to arrest here,
and so he lied aAout Chether Coughlin 3rovided his driverEs license. )hen, at )rial, CraC2ord lied aAout Gust
hoC he Cas aAle to get CoughlinEs drivers license numAer, address, date o2 Airth adn teh e,act height and
Ceight listed on CoughlinEs drivers license i2 CraC2ord did not receive the driverEs license 2orm Coughlin u3on
request. 4t is 3articularl1 trouAling that CraC2ord lied there, sa1ing that he received all that in2ormation at the
;ashoe Count1 7ail. )his is 3atentl1 2alse. CraC2ord shoCed u3 to the Gail Cith BraunCorth, trans2erred
custod1 o2 Coughlin to the Gail, and le2t shortl1 therea2ter. Coughlin Cas 3resent the entire time that CraC2ord
Cas at the Gail and no such documentation Cas 3rovided A1 the Gail to CraC2ord, and CraC2ord did not 2ill out
an1 2urther 3a3erCorB Chile at the Gail. +urther, i2 that reall1 Cas the case, then Ch1 CouldnEt the 7ail have
3rovided CraC2ord CoughlinEs sociial securt1 numAer Hthat is called 2or on the 0rrest and ?roAaAle Cause
sheet CraC2ord 2illed out>F )he same could Ae asBed 2or the other AlanBs asBign 2or in2ormation on that 2orm,
including the sus3ects: 3lace o2 Airth, home 3hone, Ausiness 3hone, ne,t o2 Bin, ocu3ation and Ausiness
address, etc., etc.
+urther, and this is im3ortant 2or Gurisidctional 3ur3oses considering one Cith an1 hint o2 triAal or
Native 0merican Alood Cho is accused o2 a crime o2 this nature Chile on triAal land is onl1 triaAle in )riAal
Court, CraC2ord lied Chen 2illing out this 0rrest %e3ort and Declaration o2 ?roAaAle Cause Hhereina2ter
0%D?C> Chen he indicates that CoughlinEs race is L;hiteL and his ethnicit1 is LNon*his3anicL. Coughlin did
not indicate Chat race or ethnicit1 he is to CraC2ord or an1Aod1 else on this date. CraC2ord made the
e,3edient choice and 3ut doCn his oCn o3inion aAout CoughlinEs race and ethnicit1. )he conviction is void
2or lacB o2 Gurisdiction in that regard.
- 22
00687
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+urther on 3age 9 o2 the 0%D?C, CraC2ord sCears: L)he undlersigned, Mameron CraC2ord, a 3olice o22icer,
o2 %#4C, hereA1 declares under 3enalt1 o2 3erGur1 that the aAove*named de2endant has Aeen arrested on
3roAaAle cause and is suAGect to detention 2or the aAove*iisted o22enseHs>. Either 3ersonall1 or u3on
in2ormation and Aelie2 this o22icer leamed the 2olloCing 2acts and circumstances Chich su33ort the arrest and
detention: 6n 9D9D!! at aAout "!"! hours, 4 res3onded to "4"( E. "nd #t. %eno, N& '9(." 2or a 3etit larcen1.
83on m1 arrival 4 met Cith asset 3rotection associate )homas +rontino Cho made a citiIens arrest 2or 3etit
larcen1. +rontino Cas in 3ossession o2 the stolen items.L
4t is not clear at all hoC +rontino could have LAeen in 3ossession o2 the stolen itemsL Cithout having
conducted a Lsearch incident toL LcitiIens arrestL HChich, as Aoth ;al*@artEs +rontino and CraC2ord testi2ied,
is against ;al*@arts 3olic1 and did not occur here. )his t13e o2 slo331 and recBless a33roach to evidence
gathering and 3olice CorB 3ervades CraC2ordEs a33roach. +urther, there Cas no testimon1 o22ered that
+rontino made a LcitiIens arrestL and this 0%D?C Cas not included in the co31 o2 the Criminal Com3laint
served on Coughlin and it Cas not introduced into evidence at )rial. +urther, CoughlinEs driverEs license
numAer is statutoril1 de2ined as a 3iece o2 3ersonall1 identi2iaAle in2ormation and as such should Ae redacted
2rom the %ecord on 033eal and an1 other documents in the 3uAlic record.
)he L2ruitsL o2 the im3ermissiAle search A1 CraC2ord must Ae suAGect to the e,clusionar1 rule as
clearl1, nothing in this 0%D?C could reasonaAl1 Ae said to give CraC2ord 3roAaAle cause to conduct a search
incident to arrest, 3articularl1 Chere the alleged conduct u3on Chich this misdemeanor charge stems 2rom did
not occur in the o22icerEs 3resence. )his is 3articularl1 true given the aAsolute lacB o2 an1thing in the 0%D?C
that could Ae said to state, Cith an1 degree o2 s3eci2icit1 or 3articularit1, Gust Chat e,actl1 is Cas that 2ormed
the Aasis 2or the 2inding o2 3roAaAle cause, other than com3letel1 conclusor1 and circular assertsion made onl1
A1 the 3re3rinted te,t o2 the 0%D?C itsel2. #im3l1 3ut, this is roAo*3olice CorB at its aAsolute Corst. )he
- 23
00688
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menacing, lunging 3osture CraC2ord tooB throughout the overl1 long interrogation in a AacB room at ;al*
@art, Chich, curiousl1, Cas ta3ed A1 tCo video cameras, 1et Cas Lsu33osedl1L not not audio recorded A1
either ;al*@art, or an1 o2 the three 0? associates or one #tore @anager Cho Cere in and out o2 the room. 0?
CorBer +rontino and a his3anic 2emale ;al*@art su3ervisor can Ae seen in the 0? 6vervieC video givin each
other a Lhigh 2iveL at 9:"4:(. 3m. 5o3e2ull1 that Lhigh 2iveL Cill Ae Corth it to ;al*@art 2or the ensuing
rounds o2 litigation that Cill undouAtedl1 stem 2rom this Crong2ul arrest, Chich Cill liBel1 include, Aut not Ae
limited to claims 2or Crong2ull arrest, de2amation, cons3irac1, retaliation, 2raud, etc., etc.
#)0)E@EN) 6+ )5E C0#E
Nat&re o' the Case
Co&rse o' Pro(eein)s in the Distri(t Co&rt
#)0)E@EN) 6+ )5E +0C)#
)
#8@@0%: 6+ 0%<8@EN)
033ellate issues involving a 3urel1 legal question are revieCed de novo.R ;1eth v. %oCatt, !"- Nev.
NNNN, NNNN, "44 ?.d 7-(, 77( H".!.>.
;al*@art did not 3resent an1 evidence o2 2inger3rints, or 3roduce the actual cough dro3 Ao,es or
chololate Aar Cra33er.
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00689
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;e generall1 revieC a district courtSs decision to admit or e,clude evidence 2or an aAuse o2
discretion, 5ernandeI v. #tate, !"4 Nev. -9, -4-, !'' ?.d !!"-, !!! H"..'>, Aut to the e,tent the
evidentiar1 ruling rests on a legal inter3retation o2 the evidence code, de novo revieC oAtains. #ee
8nited #tates v. 9e#hore, (4 +.d 9(, 94! H7th Cir. "..'>.
0
)he )rial Court admitted ranB hearsa1 violating CoughlinEs right to con2rontation A1
an unidenti2ied declarant.
)
There "as Ins&''i(ient E$ien(e to S&pport Co&)h#in's Con$i(tion 'or
Petit Lar(en* an 'or the S&++ar* Conte+pt 'inin) as "e##% F&rther (#ear error "as present in +na*
respe(ts here an the tria# (o&rt (o++itte re$ersi,#e Error ,* A+ittin) Ina+issi,#e -earsa*
State+ents
A)ainst Co&)h#in.
)o satis21 the re/&ire+ents o' the (on'rontation (#a&se , i' the State see!s to intro&(e
hearsa* state+ents a)ainst a (ri+ina# e'enant, s&(h e$ien(e +&st ,ear ae/&ate ini(ia o'
re#ia,i#it* ,* either 'a##in) "ithin a 'ir+#* roote hearsa* e0(eption , or the State +&st
e+onstrate that the state+ent possesses parti(&#ari1e )&arantees o' tr&st"orthiness% I' the
state+ent oes not 'a## "ithin a 'ir+#* roote hearsa* e0(eption , the state+ent is 2pres&+pti$e#*3
&nre#ia,#e an ina+issi,#e 'or (on'rontation (#a&se p&rposes .L Ramirez v. State, !!4 Nev. ((.,
456 P."d, 7"4, 784 9Ne$% :446> H(itations o+itte;%
The Tria# Co&rt a+itte an i+proper hearsa* state+ent &rin) the testi+on*
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00690
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o' Frontino% It "as (#ear error 'or <&)e -o"ar to a##o" Frontino to anno&n(e ran! &nspporte
hearsa* that a(t&a##* e+onstrates Frontino's per=&r*3 'or the p&rposes o' is(reitin) the a((&ses3
"hi#e at the sa+e ti+e repeate#* re'&sin) to a##o" an* in/&ir* into >a#Marts e0press#* state
reta#iator* intent an e0presses intention to a,&se pro(ess a)ainst the e'enant here% F&rther
s&,poenas an s&,poena &(es e(&+s "ere 'i#e in this +atter *et >a#+art an it e+p#o*ees i not
sho" &p or other"sie respon or pro&(e these +ateria#s%
;henever .............. a hearsa* state+ent ,* a non*testi'*in)
e(#arent that oes not (o+e "ithin an* e0(eption to the
hearsa* r&#e....is a+itte a)ainst a (ri+ina# e'enant3 there
is pres&+pti$e#* a (on'rontation (#a&se $io#ation , s&,=e(t on#*
to the prose(&torEs a,i#it* to +eet its ,&ren o' sho"in) that
the (ir(&+stan(es &ner "hi(h the state+ent "as +ae )a$e it
ae/&ate parti(&#ari1e )&arantees o' tr&st"orthiness% I at
7"9.
&. Did the Prose(&tion Co++it Prose(&toria# Mis(on&(t ,* s&,ornin) per=&r*3 #*in) a,o&t "hether
the* ha a#rea* re(ei$e +ateria#s 'ro+ teh RSIC3 'ai#i)n ot pro$ie a## e0(#&pator* +ateria#s3 or
re(!#ess#* i)norin) a## the ho#es in >a#+art an the RSIC PD's stories.
The Tria# Co&rt Vio#ate Co&)h#in ' s ?th A+en+ent Ri)ht to
Con'ront >itnesses >hen it Prohi,ite De'ense Co&nse# 'ro+
Con&(tin) F&## an Co+p#ete Cross *e0a+ination.
)he cornerstone o2 our criminal Gustice s1stem is that the accused enGo1s the right to
con2ront all Citnesses against him. U.S. C. Const p. amend. 6. )he Constitutional right o2 crosse,amination
ma1 Ae a de2endantEs onl1 recourse to re2ute evidence against him. ;hen a Citness
gives testimon1 that is 2alse or evasive the con2rontation clause is satis2ied onl1 A1 giving the
de2ense 2ull and 2air o33ortunit1 to 3roAe and e,3ose these in2irmities through e,amination.
Pantaro v. State, !' ?. d 477 HNev. "..->.
- 26
00691
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)Tria# Co&rtEs ha$e "ie is(retion to (ontro# (rosse0a+ination
that atta(!s a "itnesses )enera# (rei,i#it*3
ho"e$er a tria# (o&rt Es is(retion is %%%narro"e or ,ias
9+oti$e; is the o,=e(t to ,e sho"n an the e0a+iner +&st ,e
per+itte to e#i(it an* 'a(ts "hi(h +i)ht (o#or a "itnesses
testi+on*% Id.
)he De2ense should have Aeen 3ermitted to asB the three Citnesses all o2 the questions that Cere
oAGected to and 2or Chich the %@C re2used to alloC the de2endnat to asB.
)he Coughlin record on a33eal might have received a signi2icantl1 di22erent im3ression o2 the three
Citnesses and and his crediAilit1 i2 De2ense Counsel had Aeen 3ermitted to cross*e,amine on the
iss&e o' "hether the "itness #ie in his s"orn state+ent to po#i(e an "hether the RSIC
O''i(er's #ie3 et(%
N%# T(...'(H> 3ermits im3eaching a Citness on cross*e,amination aAout questions
aAout s3eci2ic acts as long as the im3eachment 3ertains to truth2ulness or untruth2ulness and no
e,trinsic evidence is used.
C-ALLENGES FOR CAUSE
PVIII% Di the Tria# Co&rt Co++it <&i(ia# Mis(on&(t Thro&)ho&t the
)rial >hi(h Pre=&i(e Co&)h#in E s Ri)ht to D&e Pro(ess.
0 trial court should act as a re2eree o2 the contest AetCeen the 3arties. 4t should Ae 2air
and im3artial as AetCeen the 3arties and their attorne1s and alloC them consideraAle 2reedom in
the 3resentation o2 their res3ective cases in their oCn Ca1. 0 trial court has a certain amount o2
discretion to control the 3roceedings Ae2ore it. )he court is constrained hoCever A1 a requirement
that all criminal de2endants are entitled to a 2air trial. 42 the actions o2 the trial court 3reGudice a
de2endantEs right to a 2air trial then oAviousl1 an aAuse o2 discretion is 3resent. Belden v.
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00692
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Wyoming, .!*(7, ;1o. "...
)rial Courts should Ae mind2ul that innocuous conduct in some circumstances ma1
constitute Gudicial misconduct. 7udges should Ae mind2ul o2 the in2luence the1 Cield. Parodi vs.
B. Washoe Medical Center, !!! Nevada -(, -7. )his court said it Aest in Parodi at ('9.
The a$era)e =&ror is a #a*+en . The a$era)e #a*+en #oo!s "ith the
+ost pro'o&n respe(t to the presiin) =&)e an the =&r* is as a r&#e
a#ert to an* re+ar! that "i## ini(ate 'a$or or is'a$or on the part o'
the tria# =&)e%
5uman o3inion is o2ten times 2ormed u3on circumstances meager and insigni2icant in
there outCard a33earance. 0nd the Cords and utterances o2 a trial 7udge sitting Cith a Gur1 in
attendance are liaAle, hoCever unintentional, to mold the o3inion o2 memAers o2 the Gur1 to the
e,tent that one or the other side o2 the controvers1 ma1 Ae 3reGudiced or inGured thereA1. )he
in2luence o2 the trial Gudge on the Gur1 is necessaril1 and 3ro3erl1 a great Ceight and his lightest
Cord or intimation is received Cith de2erence and ma1 3rove controlling. Starr V. United States,
!( 8.#. -!4 at -"-. H!'94>.
)his Court recogniIed in Parodi Id. at (9! that trial counsel is 2aced Cith a Lho3sonEs
choiceL o2 either oAGecting to the misconduct Chich o2 course has the attendant risBs o2
antagoniIing the trial Gudge 2urther and e,as3erating the Gur1 or A1 not oAGecting Geo3ardiIing their
right 2or a33ellate revieC. )his Court Cent on to rule that A1 2ailing to oAGect, at the time o2 the
Gudicial misconduct, that a33ellate revieC Could not Ae 3recluded. Errant conduct is revieCaAle
under the 3lain error doctrine. Oade v. State, !!4 Nev. -!9, 9-. ?."d - at '.
)hroughout CoughlinEs trial the )rial Court re3eatedl1, hoCever inadvertentl1 and
unintentionall1, e,3ressed im3atience and Cas discourteous to trial counsel. )hese comments had
an adverse im3act on CoughlinEs trial counsel Chich in turn ma1 have a22ected the acce3tance or e22icac1 o2
CoughlinEs de2ense.
)he errors cited herein Cere clearl1 erroneous, cumulative and had a 3reGudicial a22ect on
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00693
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CoughlinEs case.
E,am3les o2 Gudicial misconduct in tr1ing to usur3 trial counselEs role are numerous and
are seen as earl1 as o3ening statement.)he )rial CourtEs remarBs and actions throughout
the trial Cere clearl1 3reGudicial. ;hat has Aeen outlined 2or this court is not e,haustive o2 ever1
comment made A1 the )rial Court nor Cas it meant to Ae.
)he highlights 3resented o2 Gudicial misconduct shoC cumulative error that Cas so
egregious and 3reGudicial that the de2ense could not get a 2air trial, there2ore CoughlinEs case
should Ae reversed.
F&rther is i+portant to note that the Reno Po#i(e Depart+ent an opposin) (o&nse# no$ation (ase
Ri(har G -i## =oine 'or(es a)ain to )et the &nersi)ne arreste a (&stoia# arrest +in *o& 'or
=a*"a#!in) on <an&ar* :83 8@:8 in(ient to the &nersi)ne pea(e'&##* 'i#+in) in (o##e(tin) e$ien(e o'
'ro+ a p&,#i( spot -i## an his per=&r* pro$iin) (ontra(tor Phi#3 that "i## &#ti+ate#* ,e &se in the
"ron)'&# e$i(tion #a"s&it that is s&re to ens&e an to "hi(h is no" #i!e#* to ,e ae a "ron) a## arrest
#ast a)ainst the Reno Po#i(e Depart+ent3 a(t&a##* 3 these +atters +a* ,est ,e set 'orth ,* (op*in) a
re(ent #etter 'ro+ the &nersi)ne hereinA
the&,=e(tA REA >CSO Dep&t* Ma(he+'s 2persona##* ser$e2 A''ia$it o' ::/:/8@::
DateA T&e3 7 Fe, 8@:8 ::AB@AC4 D@6@@
Fro+A LSt&(he##E"ashoe(o&nt*%&s
ToA 1a(h(o&)h#inEhot+ai#%(o+
- 29
00694
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CCA +!anarasEa%"ashoe(o&nt*%&s
Mr% Co&)h#in
O&r re(ors ini(ate that the e$i(tion (on&(te on that a* "as persona##* ser$e ,* Dep&t* Ma(hen
,* postin) a (op* o' the Orer to the resien(e% The resien(e "as &no((&pie at the ti+e%
Li1 St&(he##3 S&per$isor
>CSO Ci$i# Se(tion
Fro+A Fa(h Co&)h#in G+ai#toA1a(h(o&)h#inEhot+ai#%(o+H
SentA Mona*3 Fe,r&ar* @?3 8@:8 8A56 AM
ToA St&(he##3 Li1I Janaras3 Mar*I n$renopE(op#o)i(%(o+I Si#$a3 Ro0annaI !a#i(=Ereno%)o$I
'o&rthestateE)+ai#%(o+I =a+esanre,o#esE+sn%(o+
S&,=e(tA >CSO Dep&t* Ma(he+'s 2persona##* ser$e2 A''ia$it o' ::/:/8@::
- 30
00695
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Dear IA S&per$isor St&(he## an DDA Janaras3
I rea#i1e *o& "i## #i!e#* not rea a## o' this% The +ain thin) is I a+ respe(t'&##* re/&estin) that *o&
(on'ir+ "ith Dep&t* Ma(he+ that he i3 in 'a(t3 2persona##* ser$e2 the S&++ar* E$i(tion Orer on
+e at :8: Ri$er Ro(! St%3 Reno 645@: on No$e+,er :3 8@:: at BAC@ p+3 in (onne(tion "ith per'or+in)
the #o(!o&t% It is +* position that I "as not 2persona##* ser$e2 an I a+ tr*in) to 'i)&re o&t "hether
Dep&t* Ma(he+ is #*in) or "hether the phrase 2persona##* ser$e2 +eans so+ethin) other than "hat I
,e#ie$e it +eans3 et(%3 et(% I appre(iate *o&r attention to this%
I a+ "ritin) to in/&ire a,o&t an (o+p#ain "ith re)ar to an A''ia$it o' Ser$i(e 'i#e ,* or 'or >CSO
Dep&t* Ma(he+ "ith respe(t to the ser$i(e o' a Orer Grantin) S&++ar* E$i(tion a)ainst +e 9in +*
#a" o''i(e "here nonDpa*+ent o' rent "as not a##e)e3 no #ess in $io#ation o' NRS B@%85C an "here a
K83875 rent es(ro" eposit "as 'oiste &pon +e in $io#ation o' B@%85C9?;3 espe(ia##* "here a sta* o'
e$i(tion "as not )rante e$en "hi#e the R<C he# on to +ost a## +* +one*%%%;%
M* iss&e "ith the >CSO is that Ma(he+'s A''ia$it o' Ser$i(e ini(ates that he 2persona##* ser$e2
+e3 "hi(h !in o' re+ins +e o' a## that ro,oDsi)nin) an MERS 'ra& I (o+e a(ross in +* a* =o,
9an o *o& "oner ho" +an* attorne*s in the 'ore(#os&re e'ense )a+e I a+ in (onstant (onta(t "ith
"ho are "at(hin) an "itness the potentia# RICO $io#ations this "ritin) +entions.;3 "hi(h in(#&es
,ein) a 'ore(#os&re e'ense attorne*% So "hi(h is it. Di Ma(he+ 2persona##* ser$e2 +e the S&++ar*
E$i(tion Orer. Ri(har G% -i##3 Es/% #i!es to ar)&e that I "as 2ser$e2 in (o+p#ian(e "ith a## ti+e
re#ate r&#es ,e(a&se it "as one in the 2&s&a# (&sto+ an pra(ti(e o' the >CSO% >hat3 e0a(t#*3 is the
2&s&a# (&sto+ an pra(ti(e o' the >CSO. I hear a #ot a,o&t this 2"ithin 8B ho&rs2 st&''% So3 I )o
h&ntin) 'or so+e ,#a(! #etter #a" to s&pport "hat those at the R<C an in the (#&e#ess (o++&nit* at
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00696
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#ar)e 9"hi(h o'ten in(#&es Ne$aa Le)a# Ser$i(es an >ashoe Le)a# Ser$i(es3 the peop#e *o& )&*s ha
s&(h tro&,#e a(t&a##* ser$in) in the #a"s&its I 'i#e3 "hi(h +a* ha$e a(t&a##* he#pe i+pro$e #e)a#
ser$i(es in this (o++&nit*3 i' the* "ere not is+isse &e to ins&''i(ien(* o' ser$i(e o' pro(ess3 e$en
"here the IFP re/&ire the >CSO to ser$e the e'enants%%%%;% An*"a*3 ,a(! to the 2"ithin 8B ho&rs2
phraseo#o)*A 2
This "ho#e ,&siness a,o&t LThe (o&rt +a* there&pon iss&e an orer ire(tin) the sheri'' or (onsta,#e o'
the (o&nt* to re+o$e the tenant "ithin 8B ho&rs a'ter re(eipt o' the orer%%%M is inapp#i(a,#e to this
sit&ation3 "here an Orer Grantin) S&++ar* E$i(tion "as si)ne ,* O(to,er 87th3 8@::% That
#an)&a)e is on#* 'o&n in sit&ations inapp#i(a,#e to the (&rrent one% NRS B@%85C9C;9,;98;3 an NRS
B@%85C95;9a; are the on#* se(tions o' NRS B@ "here this L"ithin 8B ho&rsM #an)&a)e o((&rs3 an those
sit&ations on#* app#* "here3 inA
B@%85C9C;9,;98;A L C% A noti(e ser$e p&rs&ant to s&,se(tion : or 8 +&stA %%%9,; A$ise the tenantA N% 98;
That i' the (o&rt eter+ines that the tenant is )&i#t* o' an &n#a"'&# etainer3 the (o&rt +a* iss&e a
s&++ar* orer 'or re+o$a# o' the tenant or an orer pro$iin) 'or the nona+ittan(e o' the tenant3
ire(tin) the sheri'' or (onsta,#e o' the (o&nt* to re+o$e the tenant "ithin 8B ho&rs a'ter re(eipt o' the
orerM
an3
B@%85C95;9a;A L5% Upon non(o+p#ian(e "ith the noti(eA 9a; The #an#or or the #an#orOs a)ent +a*
app#* ,* a''ia$it o' (o+p#aint 'or e$i(tion to the =&sti(e (o&rt o' the to"nship in "hi(h the "e##in)3
apart+ent3 +o,i#e ho+e or (o++er(ia# pre+ises are #o(ate or to the istri(t (o&rt o' the (o&nt* in
"hi(h the "e##in)3 apart+ent3 +o,i#e ho+e or (o++er(ia# pre+ises are #o(ate3 "hi(he$er has
=&risi(tion o$er the +atter% The (o&rt +a* there&pon iss&e an orer ire(tin) the sheri'' or (onsta,#e
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o' the (o&nt* to re+o$e the tenant "ithin 8B ho&rs a'ter re(eipt o' the orer%M The "a* these s&++ar*
e$i(tion pro(eein)s are ,ein) (arrie o&t in Reno <&sti(e Co&rt present#* sho(!s the (ons(ien(e an
$io#ates Ne$aa #a"% There is not ,asis 'or e''e(t&atin) a #o(!o&t the "a* >CSO's Dep&t* Ma(he+ i
in this (ase% The a,o$e t"o se(tions (ontainin) the L"ithin 8B ho&rs o' re(eiptM #an)&a)e are
inapp#i(a,#e3 as those sit&ations o not in$o!e the present (ir(&+stan(es3 "here the Tenant i 'i#e an
A''ia$it an i (ontest this +atter to a e)ree not o'ten seen% To re/&ire Ne$aa's tenants to )et &p
an )et o&t L"ithin 8B ho&rsM o' Lre(eipt o' the orerM 9"hat oes that e$en +ean. The &se o' ter+s #i!e
LrenitionM3 LrenereM3 Lnoti(e o' entr*M3 Lprono&n(eM3 is a,sent here3 an this Lre(eipt o' the orerM
#an)&a)e is so+ethin) rare#* 'o&n e#se"here in Ne$aa #a"Dsee atta(he DMV stat&tor* (itations3 an
in e+p#o*+ent #a" #iti)ations "here one +&st 'i#e a Co+p#aint "ithin 4@ a*s o' Lre(eiptM o' a Ri)ht To
S&e Letter3 a sit&ation "hi(h 'o##o"s NRCP 59,;3 an NRCP ?9e; in i+p&tin) re(eipt o' s&(h a #etter3
"hen a(t&a# re(eipt is not sho"n3 ,* app#*in) a L(onstr&(ti$e noti(eM stanar that re#ies &pon the a*s
'or +ai#in) e0tension o' ti+e 'or ite+s ser$e in the +ai#in)3 et(%;% In A,raha+ $% >oos -o#e
O(eano)raphi( Instit&te3 55C F%C ::B 9:st Cir% 8@@4;3 the re(or i not re'#e(t "hen the p#ainti''
re(ei$e his ri)htDtoDs&e #etter% The #etter "as iss&e on No$e+,er 8B3 8@@?% The (o&rt (a#(&#ate that
the 4@Da* perio (o++en(e on No$e+,er C@3 8@@?3 ,ase on three a*s 'or +ai#in) a'ter e0(#&in)
Sat&ra*s an S&na*s% In orer to ,rin) a (#ai+ &ner either Tit#e VII or the ADA3 a p#ainti'' +&st
e0ha&st a+inistrati$e re+eies an s&e "ithin 4@ a*s o' re(eipt o' a ri)ht to s&e #etter% See B8 U%S%C% P
8@@@eD59';9:;% See Ba#"in Co&nt* >e#(o+e Center $% Bro"n3 B?? U%S% :B73 :B6 n%:3 :@B S%Ct% :78C3 6@
L%E%8 :4? 9:46B;9)rantin) p#ainti'' an aitiona# three a*s 'or +ai#in) p&rs&ant to R&#e ?;%%%%M %%%
Dear >ashoe Co&nt* Sheri'''s O''i(e3
- 33
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httpA//en%"i!ipeia%or)/"i!i/Ser$i(eQo'Qpro(ess
2S&,stit&te ser$i(e
>hen an ini$i&a# part* to ,e ser$e is &na$ai#a,#e 'or persona# ser$i(e3 +an* =&risi(tions a##o" 'or
s&,stit&te ser$i(e% S&,stit&te ser$i(e a##o"s the pro(ess ser$er to #ea$e ser$i(e o(&+ents "ith
another responsi,#e ini$i&a#3 (a##e a person o' s&ita,#e a)e an is(retion3 s&(h as a (oha,itin) a&#t
or a teena)er% Uner the Feera# R&#es3 s&,stit&te ser$i(e +a* on#* ,e +ae at the a,oe or "e##in)
o' the e'enant%GBH Ca#i'ornia3 Ne" Ror!3G5H I##inois3 an +an* other Unite States =&risi(tions
re/&ire that in aition to s&,stit&te ser$i(e3 the o(&+ents ,e +ai#e to the re(ipient%G5H S&,stit&te
ser$i(e o'ten re/&ires a ser$in) part* sho" that orinar* ser$i(e is i+pra(ti(a,#e3 that &e i#i)en(e has
,een +ae to atte+pt to +a!e persona# ser$i(e ,* e#i$er*3 an that s&,stit&te ser$i(e "i## rea(h the
part* an e''e(t noti(e%G5H2
I a+ prett* s&re 2persona##* ser$e2 +eans *o& ser$e the person in person3 not that a person na+e
Ma(he+ "ent an poste a noti(e on a oor3 persona##* hi+se#'% See3 I thin! *o& )&*s are thin!in) o'
the 2person2 in the "or persona##* as app#*in) to the ser$er3 "hen in a## instan(es I ha$e e$er seen it
&se in the #a"3 the 2person2 part o' 2persona##*2 app#ies to the person ,ein) ser$e% -e#p +e o&t here3
Mar*%
httpsA//s!*ri$e%#i$e%(o+/reir%asp0.(iSBC@6B?C6'C8'5'86TresiSBC@6B?C6FC8F5F86U
:647TpariSroot
- 34
00699
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A#so3 oes the >CSO ha$e a position on "hat t*pe o' ser$i(e is re/&ire o' e$i(tion orers prior to the
>CSO or "hoe$er oes it3 ,ein) a,#e to (on&(t a #o(!o&t.
httpA//"""%#e)%state%n$%&s/(o&rtr&#es/nr(p%ht+#
NRCP RULE ?@% RELIEF FROM <UDGMENT OR ORDER%%% 9(; De'a&#t <&)+entsA De'enant Not
Persona##* Ser$e% >hen a e'a&#t =&)+ent sha## ha$e ,een ta!en a)ainst an* part* "ho "as not
persona##* ser$e "ith s&++ons an (o+p#aint3 either in the State o' Ne$aa or in an* other
=&risi(tion3 an "ho has not entere a )enera# appearan(e in the a(tion3 the (o&rt3 a'ter noti(e to the
a$erse part*3 &pon +otion +ae "ithin ? +onths a'ter the ate o' ser$i(e o' "ritten noti(e o' entr* o'
s&(h =&)+ent3 +a* $a(ate s&(h =&)+ent an a##o" the part* or the part*Os #e)a# representati$es to
ans"er to the +erits o' the ori)ina# a(tion% >hen3 ho"e$er3 a part* has ,een persona##* ser$e "ith
s&++ons an (o+p#aint3 either in the State o' Ne$aa or in an* other =&risi(tion3 the part* +&st +a!e
app#i(ation to ,e re#ie$e 'ro+ a e'a&#t3 a =&)+ent3 an orer3 or other pro(eein) ta!en a)ainst the
part*3 or 'or per+ission to 'i#e an ans"er3 in a((oran(e "ith the pro$isions o' s&,i$ision 9,; o' this
r&#e%
O!a*3 so3 rea##*3 *o& )&*s o this 'or a #i$in)3 ri)ht%%%*o& ser$e peop#e thin)s%%%%an si)n A''ia$its &ner
pena#t* o' per=&r* an st&''3 an *o& are te##in) +e *o& ,e#ie$e 2persona##* ser$e2 (an in(#&e
sit&ations "here the person "as not there. O!a*%%%%%Ro& o !no" that3 #i!e3 a S&++ons an Co+p#aint
nee to ,e 2persona##* ser$e2 in the sense that3 sa* Ma(he+3 "o&# nee to see that person an ser$e it
on the+ 9I on't thin! the* ha$e to ta!e the paper3 the* on't nee to a)ree to a((ept ser$i(e3 ,&t
Ma(he+ oes nee to see that person3 in person3 persona##* "hen he is s"earin) &ner pena#t* o'
per=&r* that he 2persona##* ser$e2 so+e,o*% Us&a##* 2persona##* ser$e2 is on#* one in the (ase o'
the 'irst thin) 'i#e 9&n#ess there is an IFP; in a (ase3 the S&++ons an Co+p#aint% Therea'ter3 t*pi(a##*3
peop#e =&st e''e(t 2s&,stit&te ser$i(e2 ,e(a&se its (heaper3 #ess o' a hass#e3 an 2persona# ser$i(e2 is
on#* re/&ire 'or ser$in) the p#eain)s that start a (ase3 the S&++ons an Co+p#aint% >o"%%%%O!a*3 so
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this is +* "ho#e point3 these state sponsore #o(!o&ts &ner (o#or o' state #a" sho&# not ,e ,ein) one
so 'ast3 &n#ess *o& )&*s 2persona##* ser$e2 the tenant3 I 'ee# the #a" is /&ite (#ear3 *o& ha$e to e''e(t
2s&,stit&te ser$i(e2 "hi(h3 &ner NRCP ?9a; an NRCP ?9e; an NRCP 59,;98; 9an NRCP3 not
<CRCP is app#i(a,#e to e$i(tion +atters a((orin) to NRS ::6A; the tenant (annot ,e ee+e to ha$e
re(ei$e or (onstr&(ti$e#* re(ei$e the Orer &nti# the C a*s 'or +ai#in) has passe%
Persona# ser$i(e ,* pro(ess ser$er
Persona# ser$i(e is ser$i(e o' pro(ess ire(t#* to the 9or a; part* na+e on the s&++ons3 (o+p#aint or
petition% In +ost #a"s&its in the Unite States3 persona# ser$i(e is re/&ire to pro$e ser$i(e% Most states
a##o" s&,stit&te ser$i(e in a#+ost a## #a"s&its &n#ess *o& are ser$in) a (orporation3 LLC3 LLP3 or other
,&siness entit*I in those (ases3 persona# ser$i(e +&st ,e a(hie$e ,* ser$in) 9in han; the o(&+ents to
the 2Re)istere A)ent2 o' a ,&siness entit*% So+e states 9F#oria; o not re/&ire that the o(&+ents
a(t&a##* ,e hane to the ini$i&a#% In Ca#i'ornia an +ost other states3 the o(&+ents +&st ,e $isi,#e
to the person ,ein) ser$e3 i%e%3 not in a sea#e en$e#ope% I' the ini$i&a# re'&ses to a((ept ser$i(e3 '#ees3
(#oses the oor3 et(%3 an the ini$i&a# has ,een positi$e#* ienti'ie as the person to ,e ser$e3
o(&+ents +a* ,e 2rop2 ser$e3 an it is (onsiere a $a#i ser$i(e% Persona# ser$i(e o' pro(ess has
,een the ha##+ar! 'or initia#in) #iti)ation 'or near#* :@@ *ears3 pri+ari#* ,e(a&se it )&arantees a(t&a#
noti(e to a e'enant o' a #e)a# a(tion a)ainst hi+ or her% Persona# ser$i(e o' pro(ess re+ains the +ost
re#ia,#e an e''i(a(io&s "a* to ,oth ens&re (o+p#ian(e "ith (onstit&tiona##* i+pose &e pro(ess
re/&ire+ents o' noti(e to a e'enant an the opport&nit* to ,e hear% G8HV The Nationa# La" Re$ie"A
The Contin&in) Re#e$an(e o' Persona# Ser$i(e o' Pro(ess
An e$en i' so+ethin) ini(ates Co&)h#in 2!ne"2 a,o&t the Orer3 +&(h #i!e in the (ase o' Co&)h#in's
that "as is+isse "here the >ashoe Co&nt* Sheri'''s in't +ana)e to )et the 2persona# ser$i(e2 o'
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00701
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the S&++ons an Co+p#aint one in ti+e3 or 2s&''i(ient#*23 opposin) (o&nse# in that +atter (o&# te##
*o& that 2a(t&a# noti(e2 is not a s&,stit&te 'or (o+p#ian(e "ith the ser$i(e re/&ire+ents%
>hi(h is ni(e ,e(a&se 'o#!s #i!e Ri(har G% -i##3 Es/% ha$e #ess o' an opport&nit* to )a+e the s*ste+
an s"oop in "ith #o(!o&t then assert a ,&n(h o' hooe* a,o&t NRS ::6A%B?@ 2reasona,#e stora)e3
+o$in)3 an in$entor*in) e0penses2 s&,=e(tin) the tenant's persona# propert* to a #ien% Ri(har G% -i##
insiste on thro"in) a"a* the #ast thin) +* ,e#o$e )ran+other )a$e +e ,e'ore she ie 8 *ears a)o in
the to"n &+p% -e an his (ontra(tor #ie a,o&t so +an* thin)s3 in(#&in) the 'a(t that the* &se +*
o"n a+n p#*"oo to ,oar &p the ,a(! por(h o' the propert*3 then s&,+itte a ,i## to the (o&rt in an
e0hi,it 'or K:3@?@ 'or 2se(&rin)2 the propert* 9"hi(h oesn't rea##* app#* to NRS ::6A%B?@'s
2reasona,#e stora)e +o$in) an in$entor*in) e0penses2 #i!e it is re/&ire to%%%'&rther3 the (har)e +e
K4@@ a +onth 'or stora)e an sent +e a ,i## 'or s&(h prior to +* arrest 'or trespassin) at the :8: Ri$er
Ro(! #o(ation3%%%"e## i' the* (har)e +e K4@@ to ha$e a ho+e #a" o''i(e there3 then ho" is it so+eone
(o&# ,e trespassin) i' the* are ,ein) (har)e the '&## renta# $a#&e 'or 2&se an o((&pan(* o' the
pre+ises2. F&rther3 e$en i' it "as a stora)e sit&ations3 there are se(tions o' NRS ::6A e$ote to
e$i(tin) so+eone 'ro+ a stora)e 'a(i#it*3 not arrestin) the+ 'or trespass3 an (ertain#* not a (&stoia#
arrest "here the RPD O''i(er Carter an Sar)ent Lope1 a+it the* ne$er iss&e a "arnin) to +e or
as!e +e to #ea$e prior to (on&(tin) a (&stoia# arrest 9"hi(h re/&ire K6@@ o' ,ai#3 )reatU3 an C a*s
in =ai#3 no #ess;% This is espe(ia##* poor 'or+ "here O''i(er Carter a+itte to +e that he ta!es ,ri,es
'ro+ Ri(har -i##% -e*3 i' O''i(er Carter i not sa* that to +e3 )o ahea an s&e +e3 +* +an%%%%I'+
"aitin)%%%%%that's "hat I tho&)ht%
- 37
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-e (an sa* he "as =o!in) a## he "ants3 ,&t it ain't no =o!in) ass sit&ation to +e "hen *o& are arrestin)
+e an (a&sin) a )oo)#e sear(h res&#t 'or +* na+e to sho" an arrest%%%%that's a+a)in) the on#* thin) I
ha$e o' +onetar* $a#&e 9+* pro'essiona# rep&tation an na+e;% It ain't no stan &p ho&r "hen *o& are
p&ttin) +e in (&''s3 ,ro% An O''i(er Carter an Sar)ent Lope1 re'&se to proper#* /&er* -i## as to
"hether he ha sent +e3 prior to the trespassin) arrest3 a ,i## 'or the 2'&## renta# $a#&e2 o' the propert*3
a $a#&e that3 at K4@@3 "as the sa+e (har)e 'or the '&## 2&se an o((&pan(*2 o' the pre+ises% An
Ri(har G% -I##3 Es/% "as too ,&s* (hort#in) an 'i##in) o&t the Cri+ina# Co+p#aint to ,other settin)
the+ strai)ht3 espite +* (&es3 I )&ess%
No"3 a to that +a#'easan(e the 'a(t that <&)e S'erra11a #et Case* Ba!er3 Es/% prepare the Orer3
"hi(h +eans 'aith'&##* p&t to "ritin) "hat the <&)e anno&n(e3 not atte+pt to stea# K83875 'or *o&r
Ca#i'ornian Be$er#* -i##s -i)h S(hoo# )ra&ate ne&ros&r)eon (#ient ,* s#ippin) in so+ethin) the =&)e
ne$er sai3 ie3 that the ne&ros&r)eon )ets to !eep the K83875 that <&)e S'erra11a orer the tenant to
pa* into the Reno <&sti(e Co&rt as a 2rent es(ro"2 eposit re/&ire to preser$e the ri)ht to #iti)ate
ha,ita,i#it* iss&es% No"3 ne$er+in the 'a(t that <&)e S'erra11a a(t&a##* i not ha$e the =&risi(tion
to re/&ire that 9there is not <CRLV BB in Reno3 that's a Ve)as r&#e3 an i' Reno "ants a r&#e #i!e that o'
its o"n <CRCP 6C re/&ires the R<C to p&,#ish it an )et it appro$e ,* the Ne$aa S&pre+e Co&rt
'irst%%%%perio%;% O!a*3 so3 to ta!e it a step e$en '&rther3 Ba!er's orer )oes on to sa* 2,&t the K83875
"on't ,e re#ease to the ne&ros&r)eon *et3 2instea that s&+ sha## ser$e as se(&rit* 'or Co&)h#in's (ost
on appea#3 p&rs&ant to Ne$aa <CRCP 7C%%%2% B&t "ait3 oesn't that +ean Co&)h#in then )ets a Sta* o'
E$i(tion &rin) the penen(* o' the Appea#. Isnt' that "as a se(&rit* that #ar)e +&st ,e 'or. Be(a&se
the 2Appea# Bon2 is set ,* stat&te at on#* a +ere K85@%%%%so ho#in) on to :@ ti+es that +&(h o'
Co&)h#in's (ash +&st ha$e ,een 'or the 2S&perseeas Bon2 +entione a *ie#in) one a Sta* o'
E$i(tion in NRS B@%C6@ an B@%C65%
- 38
00703
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I !no"3 I !no"3 its (on'&sin) ,e(a&se a(t&a##* those se(tions 'or(e the #an#or3 his attorne*s an the
R<C to (hoose ,et"een $ie"in) Co&)h#in as a resientia# tenant "hose rent is #ess than K:3@@@3 an
"ho+ there'ore is on#* re/&ire to post a +eas#* s&perseeas ,on o' K85@ 9an re+e+,er3 a
s&perseeas ,on e/&a#s a sta* o' e$i(tion e/&a#s not trespassin); or the the other (hoi(e is to $ie"
Co&)h#in as a (o++er(ia# tenant3 "hi(h "o&# a##o" (har)in) a hi)her s&perseeas ,on 9e0(ept 'or
that pes!* part a,o&t his rent ,ein) &ner the K:3@@@ re/&ire ,* the stat&te to o so3 his rent ,ein)
on#* K4@@;3 e0(ept3 arn it3 o# Ri(har G% -i##3 Es/% an Case* Ba!er3 Es/% e#e(te to p&rs&e this
s&++ar* e$i(tion pro(eein) &ner a No Ca&se E$i(tion Noti(e3 "hi(h is not a##o"e a)ainst a
(o++er(ia# tenant 9ie3 *o& (an't e$i(t a (o++er(ia# tenant &sin) the s&++ar* e$i(tion pro(e&res set
'orth in NRS B@%85C &n#ess *o& a###e)e non pa*+ent o' rent an ser$e a C@ Da* Non Pa*+ent o' Rent
Noti(e To W&it3 "hi(h the* in't ,e(a&se the* 2are =&st ta!in) the path o' #east resistan(e here3 Ro&r
-onor 9insert their s+&) (h&(!#in) an o,no0io&s/pretentio&s 2(an *o& ,e#ie$e this )&*.2 #a&)hter an
hea sha!in)%%%;%
NRS B@%C6@ Pro$isions )o$ernin) appea#s% Either part* +a*3 "ithin :@ a*s3 appea# 'ro+ the =&)+ent
renere% B&t an appea# ,* the e'enant sha## not sta* the e0e(&tion o' the =&)+ent3 &n#ess3 "ithin the
:@ a*s3 the e'enant sha## e0e(&te an 'i#e "ith the (o&rt or =&sti(e the e'enantOs &nerta!in) to the
p#ainti''3 "ith t"o or +ore s&reties3 in an a+o&nt to ,e 'i0e ,* the (o&rt or =&sti(e3 ,&t "hi(h sha## not
,e #ess than t"i(e the a+o&nt o' the =&)+ent an (osts3 to the e''e(t that3 i' the =&)+ent appea#e
'ro+ ,e a''ir+e or the appea# ,e is+isse3 the appe##ant "i## pa* the =&)+ent an the (ost o' appea#3
the $a#&e o' the &se an o((&pation o' the propert*3 an a+a)es =&st#* a((r&in) to the p#ainti'' &rin)
- 39
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the penen(* o' the appea#% Upon ta!in) the appea# an 'i#in) the &nerta!in)3 a## '&rther pro(eein)s
in the (ase sha## ,e sta*e%
So3 "h* on earth is the Cit* Attorne*'s O''i(e sti## tr*in) to tr* Co&)h#in on the trespass (har)e 'or
"hi(h he en&re a (&stoia# arrest an 'or "hi(h o# Ri(har -i## is sti## 'i#in) Motion's to Sho" Ca&se
on in the appea# o' the s&++ar* e$i(tion +atter in CV::D@C?86. >h*3 oh "h*. Does the Reno Cit*
Attorne*'s O''i(e ha$e so+e sort o' $este interest in !eepin) Co&)h#in o"n3 ,&s*3 ,esotte3
en(&+,ere3 or other"ise. It3 "h*3 it (o&#n't ,e ,e(a&se Co&)h#in has a rea##* )oo "ron)'&# arrest
(a&se o' a(tion a)ainst the Reno Po#i(e Depart+ent3 (o&# it. httpA//"""%*o&t&,e%(o+/"at(h.
$S5PR7/BOI5,@
An3 "e##3 *eah the >ashoe Co&nt* Sheri'''s O''i(e in't /&ite )et those S&++ons an Co+p#aints
ser$e in that one (ase Co&)h#in "as s&in) his 'or+er e+p#o*er in3 the one "here Co&)h#in "as )rante
an Orer to Pro(ee In For+a Pa&peris3 "hi(h re/&ire the >ashoe Co&nt* Sheri'''s O''i(e to ser$e
the S&++ons an Co+p#aints%%%%B&t "hat oes that ha$e to to "ith the ? a*s Co&)h#in spent in =ai# on
the arrest sho"n in the *o&t&,e $ieo a,o$e. Its not #i!e the >ashoe Co&nt* =ai#e $ieotape a s(ene
"here the* "ere 'or(in) Co&)h#in to )et na!e an p&t on a )reen ress% >hat's that. It is. The* i o
that. Rea##*. No%%%>hat. The* a#so 'or(e hi+ to si+&#ate ora# an ana# se0 "ith ep&ties3 in the )&ise
o' so+e rii(&#o&s 2pro(e&re2 ne(essar* to ins&re Dep&t* sa'et*. Oh3 "o"% An the* reta#iate
a)ainst hi+ 'or 'ai#in) to ans"er their re#i)io&s pre'eren(e interro)ation /&estions ,* p#a(in) hi+ in an
i(* (o# (e## 'or ho&rs at a ti+e3 re'&sin) hi+ +ei(a# (are espite his p#ainti$e (ries 'or he#p3 "hi#e
"earin) a thin tDshirt. >o"% The* in't =a+ a taser nee#e in his spine 'or e0tene perios o' ti+e3
- 40
00705
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tho&)h3 i the*. Ro&r !iin)U >hats ne0t3 *o&r )oin) te## +e Sar)ent Si)'ree o' the Reno PD orere
a (&stoia# arrest on Co&)h#in 'or 2=a*"a#!in)2 "hi#e Co&)h#in "as pea(e'&##* 'i#+in)3 'ro+ a p&,#i(
spot3 Ri(har G% -i##'s 'ra&&#ent (ontra(tor Phi# -o"ar estro*in) an ta!in) to the to"n &+p
ite+s o' enor+o&s senti+enta# $a#&e to Co&)h#in that he "as pre$ente 'ro+ retrie$in) 'ro+ the
propert* &rin) the s(ant ti+e he "as a##o"e to 9a'ter he pai KB6@ "orth o' a #ien 'or "hat he !ne"
not3 ,e(a&se3 espite3 o#' Contra(tor Phi#'s 'ra&&#ent K:3@?@ ,i## 'or 2se(&rin)2 the ,a(! por(h 9"ith
s(re"s 'a(in) the o&tsie3 ine0p#i(a,#*3 an a "ino" &nit a/( #e't in the "ino" 'a(in) the sie"a#!
near the La!e+i## Lo)e3 se(&re ,* nothin) ,&t &(t tape
It is !in o' a (o+,o neon si)n that sa*s 2B&r)#ari1e this P#a(e3 E$er*,o*U2;3 Co&)h#in's 'or+er ho+e
#a" o''i(e "as ,&r)#ari1e on De(e+,er :83 8@:: "hi#e Ri(har G% -i## "as ho#in) its (ontents
9in(#&in)3 ta(!i#*3 Co&)h#in's (#ient's 'i#es3 #i!e the ones 'or the 'ore(#os&re e'ense a(tions3 et(%;3
assertin) his 2#ien2% A #ien 'or 2stora)e2 "here the (har)e 'or stora)e3 K4@@3 "as the sa+e as the (har)e
'or 2'&## &se an o((&pan*2 "as% -o"e$er3 that K4@@ a +onth 'or 2stora)e2 a#so in(#&e another
K:3@?@ (har)e 'or 2se(&rin)2 9an that ,i## a(t&a##* #iste 2'i0in) a #ea! in the ,ase+ent%%%neither o'
"hi(h see+ to ha$e +&(h to o "ith the 2reasona,#e stora)e3 +o$in)3 an in$entor*in)2 e0penses s&(h
a #ien is pro$ie 'or &ner NRS ::6A%B?@%%%%;% <ee13 *o&r pro,a,#* )oin) to te## +e Sar)ent Si)'ree
orere another (&stoia# arrest on Co&)h#in =&st t"o a*s a'ter the =a*"a#!in) arrest3 'or the sa+e
'a(t pattern that Master E+onson )rante Co&)h#in's app#i(ations 'or Prote(tions Orers a)ainst
,ase &pon the ,atter* an assa&#ts that his 'or+er ho&se+ates (o++itte% Be(a&se3 Sar)ent Si)'ree
thin!s its 2+is&se o' 4::2 'or Co&)h#in to (a## "hen he ret&rns ho+e at ni)ht an his o) has
+*sterio&s#* isappeare3 an his ho&se+ates +a!e +ena(in) (o++entar* a,o&t it% S&re#*3 Co&)h#in3
a 'or+er o+esti( $io#en(e attorne* "o&# ha$e nothin) he#p'&# to a to Sar)net Si)'ree's e0pert
opinion that 2ani+a# a,&se is not o+esti( $io#en(e2 9te## that to NRS CC%@:@3 Sar)e; an that its3
rather3 2a +atter 'or ani+a# (ontro#2 an that Sar)ent Si)'ree "as 2tr*in) to he#p2 Co&)h#in ,*
- 41
00706
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arrestin) hi+3 a)ain3 an ne(essitatin) the K:35@@ ,ai# asso(iate "ith the )ross +ise+eanor (har)e3
2Mis&se o' 4::2 ,e(a&se3 as Sar)ent Si)'ree to# Co&)h#in 2*o& !eep p&ttin) *o&rse#' in sit&ations
"here *o& are $i(ti+i1e2 so it "as ne(essar* to arrest Co&)h#in in that re)ar%
B&t he*3 at #east NV Ener)* hasn't re'&se to #et Co&)h#in )et an* e#e(tri(a# ser$i(e 'or the past "ee!
sin(e those "ith the Prote(tion Orers a)ainst the+ (an(e##e the ser$i(e an NV Ener)* sh&t it o''3
"itho&t pro$iin) an* noti(e to Co&)h#in3 ri)ht% Ne$er+in% B&t%%%,&t s&re#* "hen NV Ener)* sh&t o'
the po"er to Co&)h#in's ho+e #a" o''i(e on O(to,er Bth3 8@::3 =&st ho&rs prior to the ,a 'aith
2inspe(tion2 "ith $ieo)rapher o' Co&)h#in' s ho+e #a" o''i(e that Case* Ba!er3 Es/% tho&)ht so $er*
ne(essar* one a* ,e'ore Co&)h#in's Tenant Ans"er "as &e%%%s&re#* NV Ener)* i not #ea$e the ,a(!
)ate to Co&)h#in's ho+e #a" o''i(e open an spee o''3 Co&)h#in's ,e#o$e +o&ntain ,i!e s&en#*
+issin) 9the one the parents o' his )ir#'rien o' 5 *ears )a$e hi+;. >e##3 NV Ener)* is pro,a,#* not
reta#iatin) a)ainst Co&)h#in 'or (o+p#ainin) a,o&t that ,* re'&sin) hi+ e#e(tri( ser$i(e 'or the past
se$en a*s3 *o& "o&# ha$e to ass&+e%%%%
NRS B@%C65 Sta* o' e0e(&tion &pon appea#I &t* o' tenant "ho retains possession o' pre+ises to pa* rent
&rin) sta*% Upon an appea# 'ro+ an orer entere p&rs&ant to NRS B@%85CA
:% E0(ept as other"ise pro$ie in this s&,se(tion3 a sta* o' e0e(&tion +a* ,e o,taine ,* 'i#in) "ith the
tria# (o&rt a ,on in the a+o&nt o' K85@ to (o$er the e0pe(te (osts on appea#% A s&ret* &pon the ,on
s&,+its to the =&risi(tion o' the appe##ate (o&rt an irre$o(a,#* appoints the (#er! o' that (o&rt as the
s&ret*Os a)ent &pon "ho+ papers a''e(tin) the s&ret*Os #ia,i#it* &pon the ,on +a* ,e ser$e% Lia,i#it*
o' a s&ret* +a* ,e en'or(e3 or the ,on +a* ,e re#ease3 on +otion in the appe##ate (o&rt "itho&t
- 42
00707
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inepenent a(tion% A tenant o' (o++er(ia# propert* +a* o,tain a sta* o' e0e(&tion on#* &pon the
iss&an(e o' a sta* p&rs&ant to R&#e 6 o' the Ne$aa R&#es o' Appe##ate Pro(e&re an the postin) o' a
s&perseeas ,on in the a+o&nt o' :@@ per(ent o' the &npai rent (#ai+ o' the #an#or%
8% A tenant "ho retains possession o' the pre+ises that are the s&,=e(t o' the appea# &rin) the
penen(* o' the appea# sha## pa* to the #an#or rent in the a+o&nt pro$ie in the &ner#*in) (ontra(t
,et"een the tenant an the #an#or as it ,e(o+es &e% I' the tenant 'ai#s to pa* s&(h rent3 the #an#or
+a* initiate ne" pro(eein)s 'or a s&++ar* e$i(tion ,* ser$in) the tenant "ith a ne" noti(e p&rs&ant
to NRS B@%85C%
RS B@%C4@ Appe##ate (o&rt not to is+iss or /&ash pro(eein)s 'or "ant o' 'or+% In a## (ases o' appea#
&ner NRS B@%88@ to B@%B8@3 in(#&si$e3 the appe##ate (o&rt sha## not is+iss or /&ash the pro(eein)s 'or
"ant o' 'or+3 pro$ie the pro(eein)s ha$e ,een (on&(te s&,stantia##* a((orin) to the pro$isions
o' NRS B@%88@ to B@%B8@3 in(#&si$eI an a+en+ents to the (o+p#aint3 ans"er or s&++ons3 in +atters o'
'or+ on#*3 +a* ,e a##o"e ,* the (o&rt at an* ti+e ,e'ore 'ina# =&)+ent &pon s&(h ter+s as +a* ,e
=&stI an a## +atters o' e0(&se3 =&sti'i(ation or a$oian(e o' the a##e)ations in the (o+p#aint +a* ,e
)i$en in e$ien(e &ner the ans"er%
NRS B@%B@@ R&#es o' pra(ti(e% The pro$isions o' NRS3 Ne$aa R&#es o' Ci$i# Pro(e&re an Ne$aa
R&#es o' Appe##ate Pro(e&re re#ati$e to (i$i# a(tions3 appea#s an ne" tria#s3 so 'ar as the* are not
in(onsistent "ith the pro$isions o' NRS B@%88@ to B@%B8@3 in(#&si$e3 app#* to the pro(eein)s +entione
in those se(tions%
- 43
00708
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B&t3 ,a(! to the Sheri'''s O''i(e% An3 I a+ not rea##* ,&*in) the iea that *o& )&*s on't !no" NRCP B
thro&)h ? #i!e the ,a(! o' *o&r han3 ,&t%%%%he##3 +a*,e *o& on't% B&t3 (#ear#* the #an)&a)e in NRS B@
a,o&t ho" the Sheri'' +a* 2re+o$e tenant 'ro+ the propert* "ithin 8B ho&rs o' re(eipt o' the Orer2
o not app#* "here the Tenant 'i#e a Tenant's Ans"er an sho"e &p to the -earin) an #iti)ate the
+atter% Espe(ia##* "here3 as here the #ease ha not ter+inate3 ,* its ter+s3 ,&t "as rather rene"e%
This is parti(&#ar#* tr&e "here NRS ::6A pre$ents so ter+inatin) a ho#o$er tenant's #ease 'or a
reta#iator* or is(ri+inator* p&rpose%
I "o&# hate to see peop#e start to thin! the >ashoe Co&nt* Sheri'''s O''i(e is (&ttin) (orners on the
"ho#e 2persona##* ser$e2 thin) 9=&st so a #an#or (o&# )et "hat the* "ant /&i(!er;3 =&st #i!e I "o&#
hate 'or peop#e to thin! the Reno M&ni(ipa# Co&rt is #ettin) the ,otto+ #ine )et in the "a* o' pro$iin)
that "ho#e Si0th A+en+ent Ri)ht To Co&nse# "here =ai# ti+e is e$en a possi,i#it* thin)% An3 he*3 i'
the RMC enies an ini)ent attorne* the Si0th A+en+ent Ri)ht To Co&nse#3 the 'ins hi+ )&i#t* o'
NRS 88%@C@3 S&++ar* Conte+pt Co++ite in the Presen(e o' the Co&rt3 an the p&ts hi+ in (&''s
"hen the Tria# ens3 s&++ari#* senten(in) hi+ to C a*s in =ai# 'or $io#atin) NRS 88%@C@3 "e##%%%%that's
no ,i) ea#3 ri)ht3 I +ean3 the RMC te(hni(a##* !ept its pro+ise that the &ner*#in) (har)e3 tho&)h
te(hni(a##* it (o&# res&#t in in(ar(eration "o&# not%%%,e(a&se the in(ar(eration "as 'or a "ho#e an)
i''erent (har)e3 ie3 S&++ar* Conte+pt in the presen(e o' the Co&rt%%%%an so "hat i' the "ho#e
L1ea#o&s a$o(ateM thin) an the en*in) the Si0th A+en+ent Ri)ht to Co&nse# thin) an the
S&++ar* Conte+pt thin) on't )o so "e## to)ether%%%%Or i' ? (o&rt e+p#o*ees ha to sta* ti# 4p+ )ettin)
pai o$erti+e at the RMC to )et 'r one%%%
- 44
00709
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NRCP BA 29; S&++onsA Persona# Ser$i(e% The s&++ons an (o+p#aint sha## ,e ser$e to)ether% The
p#ainti'' sha## '&rnish the person +a!in) ser$i(e "ith s&(h (opies as are ne(essar*% Ser$i(e sha## ,e +ae
,* e#i$erin) a (op* o' the s&++ons atta(he to a (op* o' the (o+p#aint as 'o##o"sA%%%9?; Ser$i(e Upon
Ini$i&a#s% In a## other (ases to the e'enant persona##*3 or ,* #ea$in) (opies thereo' at the
e'enantOs "e##in) ho&se or &s&a# p#a(e o' a,oe "ith so+e person o' s&ita,#e a)e an is(retion then
resiin) therein3 or ,* e#i$erin) a (op* o' the s&++ons an (o+p#aint to an a)ent a&thori1e ,*
appoint+ent or ,* #a" to re(ei$e ser$i(e o' pro(ess% GAs a+eneI e''e(ti$e <an&ar* :3 8@@5%H 9e; Sa+eA
Other Ser$i(e% 9:; Ser$i(e ,* P&,#i(ation% 9i; Genera#% In aition to +ethos o' persona# ser$i(e3 "hen
the person on "ho+ ser$i(e is to ,e +ae resies o&t o' the state3 or has eparte 'ro+ the state3 or
(annot3 a'ter &e i#i)en(e3 ,e 'o&n "ithin the state3 or ,* (on(ea#+ent see!s to a$oi the ser$i(e o'
s&++ons3 an the 'a(t sha## appear3 ,* a''ia$it3 to the satis'a(tion o' the (o&rt or =&)e thereo'3 an it
sha## appear3 either ,* a''ia$it or ,* a $eri'ie (o+p#aint on 'i#e3 that a (a&se o' a(tion e0ists a)ainst
the e'enant in respe(t to "ho+ the ser$i(e is to ,e +ae3 an that the e'enant is a ne(essar* or
proper part* to the a(tion3 s&(h (o&rt or =&)e +a* )rant an orer that the ser$i(e ,e +ae ,* the
p&,#i(ation o' s&++ons% Pro$ie3 "hen sai a''ia$it is ,ase on the 'a(t that the part* on "ho+
ser$i(e is to ,e +ae resies o&t o' the state3 an the present aress o' the part* is &n!no"n3 it sha## ,e
a s&''i(ient sho"in) o' s&(h 'a(t i' the a''iant sha## state )enera##* in s&(h a''ia$it that at a pre$io&s
ti+e s&(h person resie o&t o' this state in a (ertain p#a(e 9na+in) the p#a(e an statin) the #atest ate
!no"n to a''iant "hen s&(h part* so resie there;I that s&(h p#a(e is the #ast p#a(e in "hi(h s&(h part*
resie to the !no"#e)e o' a''iantI that s&(h part* no #on)er resies at s&(h p#a(eI that a''iant oes not
!no" the present p#a(e o' resien(e o' s&(h part* or "here s&(h part* (an ,e 'o&nI an that a''iant
oes not !no" an has ne$er ,een in'or+e an has no reason to ,e#ie$e that s&(h part* no" resies in
this stateI an3 in s&(h (ase3 it sha## ,e pres&+e that s&(h part* sti## resies an re+ains o&t o' the
state3 an s&(h a''ia$it sha## ,e ee+e to ,e a s&''i(ient sho"in) o' &e i#i)en(e to 'in the
e'enant% This r&#e sha## app#* to a## +anner o' (i$i# a(tions3 in(#&in) those 'or i$or(e2
- 45
00710
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I )&ess it on't +atter +&(h to +e "hi(h one o' *o& pa*s +e +* a+a)es 'or the "ron)'&# e$i(tion3
i##e)a# #o(!o&t3 "hether its the #an#or3 his attorne*3 or the Sheri'''s O''i(e% Ro&r +one* is a#"a*s )oo
"ith +e%
Fa(h Co&)h#in3 Es/%
S&,=e(tA REA >CSO Dep&t* Ma(he+'s 2persona##* ser$e2 A''ia$it o' ::/:/8@::
DateA T&e3 7 Fe, 8@:8 ::AB@AC4 D@6@@
Fro+A LSt&(he##E"ashoe(o&nt*%&s
CCA +!anarasEa%"ashoe(o&nt*%&s
Mr% Co&)h#in3
O&r re(ors ini(ate that the e$i(tion (on&(te on that a* "as persona##* ser$e ,* Dep&t* Ma(hen
,* postin) a (op* o' the Orer to the resien(e% The resien(e "as &no((&pie at the ti+e%
- 46
00711
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Li1 St&(he##3 S&per$isor
>CSO Ci$i# Se(tion
Fro+A Fa(h Co&)h#in G+ai#toA1a(h(o&)h#inEhot+ai#%(o+H
SentA Mona*3 Fe,r&ar* @?3 8@:8 8A56 AM
ToA St&(he##3 Li1I Janaras3 Mar*I n$renopE(op#o)i(%(o+I Si#$a3 Ro0annaI !a#i(=Ereno%)o$I
'o&rthestateE)+ai#%(o+I =a+esanre,o#esE+sn%(o+
S&,=e(tA >CSO Dep&t* Ma(he+'s 2persona##* ser$e2 A''ia$it o' ::/:/8@::
Dear IA S&per$isor St&(he## an DDA Janaras3
I rea#i1e *o& "i## #i!e#* not rea a## o' this% The +ain thin) is I a+ respe(t'&##* re/&estin) that *o&
(on'ir+ "ith Dep&t* Ma(he+ that he i3 in 'a(t3 2persona##* ser$e2 the S&++ar* E$i(tion Orer on
+e at :8: Ri$er Ro(! St%3 Reno 645@: on No$e+,er :3 8@:: at BAC@ p+3 in (onne(tion "ith per'or+in)
the #o(!o&t% It is +* position that I "as not 2persona##* ser$e2 an I a+ tr*in) to 'i)&re o&t "hether
- 47
00712
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Dep&t* Ma(he+ is #*in) or "hether the phrase 2persona##* ser$e2 +eans so+ethin) other than "hat I
,e#ie$e it +eans3 et(%3 et(% I appre(iate *o&r attention to this%
I a+ "ritin) to in/&ire a,o&t an (o+p#ain "ith re)ar to an A''ia$it o' Ser$i(e 'i#e ,* or 'or >CSO
Dep&t* Ma(he+ "ith respe(t to the ser$i(e o' a Orer Grantin) S&++ar* E$i(tion a)ainst +e 9in +*
#a" o''i(e "here nonDpa*+ent o' rent "as not a##e)e3 no #ess in $io#ation o' NRS B@%85C an "here a
K83875 rent es(ro" eposit "as 'oiste &pon +e in $io#ation o' B@%85C9?;3 espe(ia##* "here a sta* o'
e$i(tion "as not )rante e$en "hi#e the R<C he# on to +ost a## +* +one*%%%;%
M* iss&e "ith the >CSO is that Ma(he+'s A''ia$it o' Ser$i(e ini(ates that he 2persona##* ser$e2
+e3 "hi(h !in o' re+ins +e o' a## that ro,oDsi)nin) an MERS 'ra& I (o+e a(ross in +* a* =o,
9an o *o& "oner ho" +an* attorne*s in the 'ore(#os&re e'ense )a+e I a+ in (onstant (onta(t "ith
"ho are "at(hin) an "itness the potentia# RICO $io#ations this "ritin) +entions.;3 "hi(h in(#&es
,ein) a 'ore(#os&re e'ense attorne*% So "hi(h is it. Di Ma(he+ 2persona##* ser$e2 +e the S&++ar*
E$i(tion Orer. Ri(har G% -i##3 Es/% #i!es to ar)&e that I "as 2ser$e2 in (o+p#ian(e "ith a## ti+e
re#ate r&#es ,e(a&se it "as one in the 2&s&a# (&sto+ an pra(ti(e o' the >CSO% >hat3 e0a(t#*3 is the
2&s&a# (&sto+ an pra(ti(e o' the >CSO. I hear a #ot a,o&t this 2"ithin 8B ho&rs2 st&''% So3 I )o
h&ntin) 'or so+e ,#a(! #etter #a" to s&pport "hat those at the R<C an in the (#&e#ess (o++&nit* at
#ar)e 9"hi(h o'ten in(#&es Ne$aa Le)a# Ser$i(es an >ashoe Le)a# Ser$i(es3 the peop#e *o& )&*s ha
s&(h tro&,#e a(t&a##* ser$in) in the #a"s&its I 'i#e3 "hi(h +a* ha$e a(t&a##* he#pe i+pro$e #e)a#
ser$i(es in this (o++&nit*3 i' the* "ere not is+isse &e to ins&''i(ien(* o' ser$i(e o' pro(ess3 e$en
"here the IFP re/&ire the >CSO to ser$e the e'enants%%%%;% An*"a*3 ,a(! to the 2"ithin 8B ho&rs2
phraseo#o)*A 2
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This "ho#e ,&siness a,o&t LThe (o&rt +a* there&pon iss&e an orer ire(tin) the sheri'' or (onsta,#e o'
the (o&nt* to re+o$e the tenant "ithin 8B ho&rs a'ter re(eipt o' the orer%%%M is inapp#i(a,#e to this
sit&ation3 "here an Orer Grantin) S&++ar* E$i(tion "as si)ne ,* O(to,er 87th3 8@::% That
#an)&a)e is on#* 'o&n in sit&ations inapp#i(a,#e to the (&rrent one% NRS B@%85C9C;9,;98;3 an NRS
B@%85C95;9a; are the on#* se(tions o' NRS B@ "here this L"ithin 8B ho&rsM #an)&a)e o((&rs3 an those
sit&ations on#* app#* "here3 inA
B@%85C9C;9,;98;A L C% A noti(e ser$e p&rs&ant to s&,se(tion : or 8 +&stA %%%9,; A$ise the tenantA N% 98;
That i' the (o&rt eter+ines that the tenant is )&i#t* o' an &n#a"'&# etainer3 the (o&rt +a* iss&e a
s&++ar* orer 'or re+o$a# o' the tenant or an orer pro$iin) 'or the nona+ittan(e o' the tenant3
ire(tin) the sheri'' or (onsta,#e o' the (o&nt* to re+o$e the tenant "ithin 8B ho&rs a'ter re(eipt o' the
orerM
an3
B@%85C95;9a;A L5% Upon non(o+p#ian(e "ith the noti(eA 9a; The #an#or or the #an#orOs a)ent +a*
app#* ,* a''ia$it o' (o+p#aint 'or e$i(tion to the =&sti(e (o&rt o' the to"nship in "hi(h the "e##in)3
apart+ent3 +o,i#e ho+e or (o++er(ia# pre+ises are #o(ate or to the istri(t (o&rt o' the (o&nt* in
"hi(h the "e##in)3 apart+ent3 +o,i#e ho+e or (o++er(ia# pre+ises are #o(ate3 "hi(he$er has
=&risi(tion o$er the +atter% The (o&rt +a* there&pon iss&e an orer ire(tin) the sheri'' or (onsta,#e
o' the (o&nt* to re+o$e the tenant "ithin 8B ho&rs a'ter re(eipt o' the orer%M The "a* these s&++ar*
e$i(tion pro(eein)s are ,ein) (arrie o&t in Reno <&sti(e Co&rt present#* sho(!s the (ons(ien(e an
$io#ates Ne$aa #a"% There is not ,asis 'or e''e(t&atin) a #o(!o&t the "a* >CSO's Dep&t* Ma(he+ i
in this (ase% The a,o$e t"o se(tions (ontainin) the L"ithin 8B ho&rs o' re(eiptM #an)&a)e are
inapp#i(a,#e3 as those sit&ations o not in$o!e the present (ir(&+stan(es3 "here the Tenant i 'i#e an
A''ia$it an i (ontest this +atter to a e)ree not o'ten seen% To re/&ire Ne$aa's tenants to )et &p
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an )et o&t L"ithin 8B ho&rsM o' Lre(eipt o' the orerM 9"hat oes that e$en +ean. The &se o' ter+s #i!e
LrenitionM3 LrenereM3 Lnoti(e o' entr*M3 Lprono&n(eM3 is a,sent here3 an this Lre(eipt o' the orerM
#an)&a)e is so+ethin) rare#* 'o&n e#se"here in Ne$aa #a"Dsee atta(he DMV stat&tor* (itations3 an
in e+p#o*+ent #a" #iti)ations "here one +&st 'i#e a Co+p#aint "ithin 4@ a*s o' Lre(eiptM o' a Ri)ht To
S&e Letter3 a sit&ation "hi(h 'o##o"s NRCP 59,;3 an NRCP ?9e; in i+p&tin) re(eipt o' s&(h a #etter3
"hen a(t&a# re(eipt is not sho"n3 ,* app#*in) a L(onstr&(ti$e noti(eM stanar that re#ies &pon the a*s
'or +ai#in) e0tension o' ti+e 'or ite+s ser$e in the +ai#in)3 et(%;% In A,raha+ $% >oos -o#e
O(eano)raphi( Instit&te3 55C F%C ::B 9:st Cir% 8@@4;3 the re(or i not re'#e(t "hen the p#ainti''
re(ei$e his ri)htDtoDs&e #etter% The #etter "as iss&e on No$e+,er 8B3 8@@?% The (o&rt (a#(&#ate that
the 4@Da* perio (o++en(e on No$e+,er C@3 8@@?3 ,ase on three a*s 'or +ai#in) a'ter e0(#&in)
Sat&ra*s an S&na*s% In orer to ,rin) a (#ai+ &ner either Tit#e VII or the ADA3 a p#ainti'' +&st
e0ha&st a+inistrati$e re+eies an s&e "ithin 4@ a*s o' re(eipt o' a ri)ht to s&e #etter% See B8 U%S%C% P
8@@@eD59';9:;% See Ba#"in Co&nt* >e#(o+e Center $% Bro"n3 B?? U%S% :B73 :B6 n%:3 :@B S%Ct% :78C3 6@
L%E%8 :4? 9:46B;9)rantin) p#ainti'' an aitiona# three a*s 'or +ai#in) p&rs&ant to R&#e ?;%
F&rther3 espite "hat the ina((&rate hano&ts o' Ne$aa Le)a# Ser$i(es +a* sa* a,o&t this L8B ho&rsM
an the app#i(a,i#it* o' the <CRCP to (ases #i!e these3 NRS B@%B@@ R&#es o' pra(ti(e3 ho#s that AMThe
pro$isions o' NRS3 Ne$aa R&#es o' Ci$i# Pro(e&re an Ne$aa R&#es o' Appe##ate Pro(e&re re#ati$e
to (i$i# a(tions3 appea#s an ne" tria#s3 so 'ar as the* are not in(onsistent "ith the pro$isions o' NRS
B@%88@ to B@%B8@3 in(#&si$e3 app#* to the pro(eein)s +entione in those se(tions% As s&(h NRCP ?9a;39e;
app#ies to the Orer o' S&++ar* E$i(tion that >CSO Dep&t* Ma(he+ a##e)e3 &ner pena#t* o'
per=&r*3 that he 2persona##* ser$e2 &pon +e on No$e+,er :3 8@::% That is a #ie ,* Mr% Ma(he+3
&n#ess 2persona##* ser$e2 is e'ine in a rather i+persona# "a* an or Ma(he+ an I ha$e tota##*
i''erent &nerstanin) o' the e'inition o' 2persona##* ser$e23 "hi(h +a* ,e the (ase% Or3 perhaps the
Sheri'''s O''i(e is ,&s* an oesn't "ant to "ait aro&n to 2persona##* ser$e2 e$er* tenant it "ishes to
- 50
00715
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e$i(t% Fine3 then =&st &se the 2+ai# it an a##o" three a*s2 r&#e in NRCP ?9e;%%%the #an#or's +i)ht not
#i!e it3 ,&t the* (an &se that 'r&stration as an in(enti$e not to =&+p to #iti)atin) e$er* isa)ree+ent
a,o&t ha,ita,i#it* that a tenant ,rin)s to the+% Ro& +a* not rea#i1e ho" rii(&#o&s so+e #an#or's )et%
In +* (ase3 I o''ere to 'i0 ,asi( thin)s that (#ear#* i+p#i(ate the ha,ita,i#it* r&#es in NRS ::6A%84@
an the Ca#i'ornian ne&ros&r)eon3 Be$er#* -i## -i)h S(hoo# )ra&ate #an#or ,a#!e an (o+p#aine
then hire an attorne* 'o&r a*s into a isp&te%%%%%at "hi(h point the r&#es a)ainst (onta(tin)
represente parties pre$ente +&(h in the "a* o' rea# sett#e+ent is(&ssion3 parti(&#ar#* "here
opposin) (o&nse# has (ontin&o&s#* e+onstrate a (o+p#ete ini''eren(e to p&rs&in) sett#e+ent 9"h*
"o&# he at the rates he ,i##s ho&rs at.;% I =&st on't thin! the Sheri'''s O''i(e nees to s&##* its i+a)e or
a+a)e the (iti1en tenants o' >ashoe Co&nt* in the na+e o' p#easin) peop#e #i!e Dr% Matt Mer#iss or
Ri(har G% -i##3 Es/%
I AM REWUESTING3 IN >RITING3 T-AT BOT- OF ROUR OFFICES INVESTIGATE T-IS AND
PROVIDE A S>ORN AFFIDAVIT FROM MR% MAC-EM T-AT ADMITS T-AT I >AS NOT
PERSONALLR PRESENT >-EN -E SERVED T-E ORDER FOR SUMMARR EVICTION IN R<C
REV8@::D@@:7@6 ON ::/:/:8 AT BAC@ PM 9ACCORDING TO -IS AFFIDAVIT OF SERVICE;% ROU
NEVER JNO>3 I MIG-T -AVE IRREFUTABLE PROOF T-AT I >AS SOME>-ERE ELSE AT
T-AT TIME3 SO3 BE CAREFUL% There si+p#* is not an*thin) spe(i'i( in Ne$aa #a" aressin) ho"
s&(h S&++ar* E$i(tion Orers are to ,e ser$e an (arrie o&t% The se(tions ea#in) "ith
NRS B@%85C Un#a"'&# etainerA S&pp#e+enta# re+e* o' s&++ar* e$i(tion an e0(#&sion o' tenant 'or
e'a&#t in pa*+ent o' rent%%%%
?% Upon the 'i#in) ,* the tenant o' the a''ia$it per+itte in s&,se(tion C3 re)ar#ess o' the in'or+ation
(ontaine in the a''ia$it3 an the 'i#in) ,* the #an#or o' the a''ia$it per+itte ,* s&,se(tion 53 the
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00716
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=&sti(e (o&rt or the istri(t (o&rt sha## ho# a hearin)3 a'ter ser$i(e o' noti(e o' the hearin) &pon the
parties3 to eter+ine the tr&th'&#ness an s&''i(ien(* o' an* a''ia$it or noti(e pro$ie 'or in this
se(tion% I' the (o&rt eter+ines that there is no #e)a# e'ense as to the a##e)e &n#a"'&# etainer an the
tenant is )&i#t* o' an &n#a"'&# etainer3 the (o&rt +a* iss&e a s&++ar* orer 'or re+o$a# o' the tenant
or an orer pro$iin) 'or the nona+ittan(e o' the tenant%%%%
7% The tenant +a*3 &pon pa*+ent o' the appropriate 'ees re#atin) to the 'i#in) an ser$i(e o' a +otion3
'i#e a +otion "ith the (o&rt3 on a 'or+ pro$ie ,* the (#er! o' the (o&rt3 to isp&te the a+o&nt o' the
(osts3 i' an*3 (#ai+e ,* the #an#or p&rs&ant to NRS ::6A%B?@ or ::6C%8C@ 'or the in$entor*3 +o$in)
an stora)e o' persona# propert* #e't on the pre+ises% The +otion +&st ,e 'i#e "ithin 8@ a*s a'ter the
s&++ar* orer 'or re+o$a# o' the tenant or the a,anon+ent o' the pre+ises ,* the tenant3 or "ithin
8@ a*s a'terA
9a; The tenant has $a(ate or ,een re+o$e 'ro+ the pre+isesI an
9,; A (op* o' those (har)es has ,een re/&este ,* or pro$ie to the tenant3
X "hi(he$er is #ater%
6% Upon the 'i#in) o' a +otion p&rs&ant to s&,se(tion 73 the (o&rt sha## s(he&#e a hearin) on the +otion%
The hearin) +&st ,e he# "ithin :@ a*s a'ter the 'i#in) o' the +otion% The (o&rt sha## a''i0 the ate o'
the hearin) to the +otion an orer a (op* ser$e &pon the #an#or ,* the sheri''3 (onsta,#e or other
pro(ess ser$er% At the hearin)3 the (o&rt +a*A
9a; Deter+ine the (osts3 i' an*3 (#ai+e ,* the #an#or p&rs&ant to NRS ::6A%B?@ or ::6C%8C@ an an*
a((&+&#atin) ai#* (ostsI an
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00717
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9,; Orer the re#ease o' the tenantOs propert* &pon the pa*+ent o' the (har)es eter+ine to ,e &e or
i' no (har)es are eter+ine to ,e &e%%%%2
I a#so "ant to !no" "h* NRS B@% 85C96; "as not 'o##o"e "ith respe(t to +* No$e+,er :7th3 8@:: 'i#in)
o' a Motion to Contest Persona# Propert* Lien% >h* in't the >CSO ser$e noti(e3 as re/&ire ,* NRS
B@%85C96; &pon the #an#or's attorne* Ri(har -i##. >h* in't I )et a hearin) "ithin the :@ a*s
(a##e (a##e 'or ,* that se(tion 9to )et ,a(! +* (#ient's 'i#es no #ess;3 ,&t rather3 I ha to "ait a '&## CC
a*s to )et a hearin)3 an ser$i(e o' noti(e o' the hearin) "as not e''e(t&ate3 as re/&ire ,* NRS
B@%8C596;3 ,* the >CSO% >h*.
P#ease pro$ie an ini(ation3 in "ritin)3 o' the na+es an (ase n&+,ers 'or the #ast 8@ in(ien(es "hen
the >CSO has ser$e noti(e o' a hearin) set p&rs&ant to NRS B@%85C96;% >hat's that. The >CSO has
NEVER ser$e s&(h noti(e. Ret the >CSO is there "ith ,e##s on 9or Ma(he+ is; to #ie in A''ia$its o'
Ser$i(e to #o(! o&t the (iti1en tenants o' >ashoe Co&nt* i+per+issi#,* ear#* $is a $is NRCP 59,;98; an
NRCP ?9e;. >h* is that. Is it a (onspira(*. Does +one* ta#!. >hen I "as arreste 'or trespassin) on
No$e+,er :8th3 8@:: ,* RPD O''i(er Chris Carter an Sar)ent Lope13 Carter a+itte to +e that
2Ri(har -i## pa*s hi+ a #ot o' +one* an there'ore he arrests "ho+ Ri(har -i## sa*s to an oes
"hat Ri(har -i## sa*s to o%%%%2 Both Carter an Sar)ent Lope1 re'&se to in$esti)ate3 espite
pro+ptin)3 "hether Ri(har -i## has sent the tenant/arrestee a ,i## or e+an #etter in ,i## 'or the '&##
renta# $a#&e o' the propert*3 K4@@ per +onth3 &ner so+e interpretation o' the 2reasona,#e stora)e3
+o$in)3 an in$entor*in) e0penses2 (o##e(ta,#e ,* a #an#or &ner a persona# propert* #ine set 'orth in
NRS ::6A%B?@ 9one (o&# a#so interpret s&(h a ,i## as -i##'s "ithra"in) or erai(atin) the Orer o'
S&++ar* E$i(tion itse#'3 "hi(h "as not 2persona##* ser$e2 ,* the >ashoe Co&nt* Sheri'' 9espite
"hat their A''ia$it o' Ser$i(e sa*s%%%I "asn't e$en there at the ti+e the* (han)e the #o(!s%%%an so the
S&++ar* E$i(tion Orer "as not proper#* ser$e &ner NRCP ?3 an espite the Reno <&sti(e Co&rt
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00718
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i+per+issi,#* (on$ertin) K8C@@ o' +* +one* &ner a 2rent es(ro"2 Orer its re/&ire I (o+p#* "ith
in orer to #iti)ate ha,ita,i#it* iss&es in a s&++ar* e$i(tion pro(eein) &ner NRS B@%85C3 espite NRS
B@%85C9?;'s e0press i(ate a)ainst s&(h an Orer 9&n#ess3 p&rs&ant to <CRCP 6C3 a =&sti(e (o&rt )ets
s&(h a r&#e3 #i!e <&sti(e Co&rt R&#e o' Las Ve)as 9<CRLV; R&#e BB3 p&,#ishe an appro$e ,* the
Ne$aa S&pre+e Co&rt3 "hi(h the R<C has not3 rather3 the R<C app#ies a## these insiio&s se(ret
2ho&se r&#es2 9#i!e 'or(in) tenants to e#i$er the+se#$es to the 'i#in) o''i(e to s&,+it to persona# ser$i(e
noti(e o' a s&++ar* e$i(tion hearin) "ithin3 #i!e3 :8 ho&rs o' the Tenant 'i#in) a Tenant's Ans"er or
A''ia$it in response to an e$i(tion Noti(e3 rather than the ser$i(e re/&ire+ents o' s&(h noti(e 'o##o"in)
NRCP ? 9a*s 'or +ai#in)3 et(%3 et(%3 in other "ors3 in the R<C e$er*thin) is spe &p i+perissi#,* to
he#p #an#or's o&t3 an the NV% S% Ct r&#in) in G#a1ier an Lippis (#ear#* (onte+p#ate persona# #ia,i#it*
a)ainst the Co&rt an or <&)es the+se#$es 'or so oin);%%%%A W&i Ta+ a(tion or so+ethin) a #a
Ma&sert's in So#ano Co&nt*3 I ,e#ie$e3 in Ca#i'ornia3 "o&# ,e $er* interestin)%%%Sti## ha$en't hear
an*thin) 'ro+ the Reno PD a,o&t the $ario&s (o+p#aints I ha$e 'i#e "ith the+ in "ritin) re#ate to the
"ron)'&# arrests3 e0(essi$e 'or(e an other +is(on&(t (o++itte a)ainst +e3 tho&)h the* i arrest
+e the other a* 'or (a##in) 4::in(ient to so+e o+esti( $io#en(e 'or "hi(h I "as )rante to E0tene
Prote(tion Orers a)ainst +* 'or+er ho&se+ates%%%%o# Sar)ent Si)'ree orere that arrest3 as he i
t"o a*s prior "hen he orere a (&stoia# arrest o' +e 'or 2=a*"a#!in)2%
F&nn* thin)3 I ne$er hear an*thin) ,a(! 'ro+ the RPD a,o&t (o+p#aints #i!e the 'o##o"in) oneA
LFro+A
N$RenoPE(op#o)i(%(o+
SentA
>e 4/@7/:: :@A5: PM
YYYYDO NOT RESPOND TO T-IS EDMAILYYYY
>e're sorr* the 'o##o"in) pro,#e+ "as 'o&n &rin) re$ie"
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00719
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o' *o&r s&,+itte report T::@@545?A
T-IS IS NOT T-E FORUM FOR T-IS TRPE OF COMPLAINT -O>EVER T-IS REPORT >AS
PRINTED AND PASSED ON TO T-E OFFICER'S SUPERVISOR AND IT >ILL BE ADDRESSED%
Than! *o&3
O''i(er >OFNIAJ3
Reno Po#i(e Depart+entM
>hat is interestin) there is that at #east I "as pro$ie the na+e o' an o''i(er3 a 2>o1nia!2 9tho&)h I
ha$e ,een &na,#e to (on'ir+ the e0isten(e o'
s&(h an RPD O''i(er%%%
or "hether 2 T-IS IS NOT T-E FORUM FOR T-IS TRPE OF COMPLAINT -O>EVER T-IS
REPORT >AS PRINTED AND PASSED ON TO T-E OFFICER'S SUPERVISOR AND IT >ILL BE
ADDRESSED%2
>hat is +ore stran)e is that I s&,+itte se$era# on#ine po#i(e reports to the Reno PD 9a (o&p#e o' "hi(h
asserte (o+p#aints a)ainst $ario&s Reno PD o''i(ers3 or as!e "h* RDP O''i(er Carter3 "ho+
a+itte ta!in) ,ri,es 'ro+ Ri(har G% -i##3 Es/% at the ti+e o' +* (&stoia# arrest 'or trespassin) 9the
one "here Ri(har -i## si)ne a Cri+ina# Co+p#aint 'or trespass3 then O''i(er Carter an Sar)ent
Lope1 re'&se to 'o##o" &p on +* i+p#orin) the+ to as! -i## "hether he has re(ent#* sent +e a ,i## 'or
the 2'&## renta# $a#&e2 o' the propert*3 the sa+e a+o&nt that ha ,een (har)e 'or the 2&se an
en=o*+ent2 o' the pre+ises3 K4@@3 in (o+parision to "hat NRS ::6A%B?@ +a* ee+ 2reasona,#e
stora)e2 e0penses 'or "hi(h a #ien is a$ai#a,#e to a #an#or3 tho&)h NRS ::6A%58@ has o&t#a"e rent
istraints &pon tenant's persona# propert*%%%%Re)ar#ess3 ,et"een <an&ar* 6 D :8th3 8@:83 an "as
arreste t"i(e ,* the Reno PD short#* a'ter s&,+ittin) these "ritten (o+p#aints to the Reno PD%
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00720
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t&a##*3 &pon ,ein) re#ease 'ro+ =ai# on No$e+,er :5th3 8@::3 in(ient to the (&stoia# trespass arrest3 I
"ent to Ri(har -I##'s o''i(e to )et +* "a##et an ri$er's #i(ense% -e re'&se to pro$ie it to +e &nti#
#ate No$e+,er 88n3 8@::% -i## (a##e the Reno PD on the :5th 9or +a*,e I i ,e(a&se he "as
"ithho#in) +* state iss&e ID3 the one I "o&# nee to rent a roo+3 ri$e +* (ar3 an +* "a##et3 "hi(h
is !in o' &se'&# in s&(h sit&ations%%%%;% An*"a*s3 Sar)ent Tarter o' the Reno PD sho"e &p3 he "ent
insie -i##'s o''i(e "ith -i## 'or /&ite so+e ti+e an the res&#t "as Tarter te##in) +e to #ea$e% I i3 ,&t
"hi#e ri$in) o"n St% La&ren(e to"ars S% Vir)inia 9-i##'s o''i(e is at ?58 Forrest St% 645@C an "o&#
ha$e re/&ire t&rnin) o"n the "ron) "a* o' a one "a* street3 Forrest3 to )o ,a(! to -i##'s O''i(e 9so
(#ear#* I "as not heae to -i##'s o''i(e; Sar)ent Tarter ,e)an tai#in) +e3 then he p&##e +e o$er3 then
he )a$e +e a ti(!et3 in reta#iation i' *o& as! +e 'or reportin) RPD O''i(er Carter a+ittin) that he
ta!es ,ri,es 'ro+ -i## to Sar)ent Tarter +in&tes ear#ier% Uh3 "e##3 an*"a*s3 another Sar)ent (a##s +e
#ater that ni)ht3 ta!in) the 2)oo (op2 ro#e% B&t &pon in'or+in) hi+ o' "hat RPD O''i(er Carter to#
+e a,o&t -i## pa*in) hi+ +one* to arrest peop#e &rin) the ::/:8/:: trespassin) arrest3 that Sar)ent
i++eiate#* in'or+e +e that3 espite this ,ein) the 'irst he hear o' that3 he "as s&re that "as not
happenin)%%%%I )&ess RPD O''i(er Carter is tr*in) to e0p#ain a"a* his (o++ents a,o&t Ri(har -i##
pa*in) hi+ +one* to arrest peop#e ,* is+issin) the+ as sar(as+3 a =o!e3 sai in =est3 "hate$er%%%%,&t I
on't see ho" that sit&ation 9a #i(ense attorne* )ettin) arreste 'or a (ri+e3 a (on$i(tion 'or "hi(h
"o&# res&#t in that attorne* ,ein) re/&ire to report sai (on$i(tion to the State Bar o' Ne$aa &ner
SCR :::3 et(%3 an possi,#* res&#tin) in a s&spension o' that attorne*'s #i(ense to pra(ti(e #a"3 or
"orse%%%; is a## that =o(&#ar o' a sit&ation% Co+,ine that "ith the too /&i(! to is+iss +* reports o'
,ri,er* ,* Ri(har -i## to o''i(er Carter to the RPD Sar)ent "ho (a##e +e on ::/:5/:: re)arin) the
reta#iation ,* Sar)ent Tarter that I (o+p#aine o'3 an I on't thin! it is a## that &nreasona,#e 'or
an*one to ta!e RPD O''i(er Carter at his "or re)arin) Ri(har G% -i##3 Es/% pa*in) hi+ +one* to
arrest "ho+ -i## sa*s to arrest% A to that Sar)ent Si)'ree orerin) +* arrest 'or =a*"a#!in) 9,* a
trainee RPD O''i(er; on <an&ar* :8th3 8@:: 9(&stoia# arrest3 ,ai# o' K:?@ e+ptie +* ,an! a((o&nt
o&t3 or prett* (#ose to it; "hi#e I "as pea(e'&##* 'i#+in) 'ro+ a p&,#i( spot Ri(har G% -i##3 Es/'s
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(ontra(tor Phi# -o"ar3 "ho+ ha s&,+itte ,i##s in (o&rts re(ors an 'i#in)s &ner the #ien 'or
2reasona,#e stora)e +o$in) an in$entor*in)2 'o&n in NRS ::6A%B?@3 e$en "here o# Phi# &se +*
o"n p#*"oo at the propert* to ,oar &p the ,a(! por(h 9(&rio&s#* #ea$in) the s(re"s ho#in) &p the
p#*"oo e0pose to e0terior o' the propert* "here an*one (o&# easi#* &ns(re" the+3 an a#so #ea$in)
in a "ino" &nit a( se(&re on#* ,* &(ttape in a "ino" 'a(in) a sie"a#! ,* the La!eMi##
Lo)e%%%%"hi(h res&#te in K63@@@ at #east o' +* persona# propert* ,ein) ,&r)#ari1e 'ro+ +* 'or+er
ho+e #a" o''i(e on De(+e,er :8th3 8@:: "hi#e -i## "as assertin) a #ien on a## +* persona# propert*
'o&n therein 9an +* (#ient's 'i#es3 "hi(h ar)&a,#* are not e$en +* propert*3 ,&t rather3 the (#ient's
propert*;% -i## "ent on to p#a(e "hat he ,e#ie$es to ,e +* so(ia# se(&rit* n&+,er in (o&rt re(ors3 on
p&rpose3 espite his si)nin) an A''ir+ation p&rs&ant to NRS 8C4B%@C@ that that "as not the (ase
9atta(hin) a t"o pa)e report to the RPD as an E0hi,it;% Then -i## an his (ontra(tor Phi# -o"ar ,oth
(o++itte per=&r* "hen the si)ne De(#arations attestin) that I ha (#i+,e on the (ontra(tors tr&(!
or e$er to&(he -i##% -i## #ies (onstant#*3 "hether &ner pena#t* o' per=&r* or no"3 so I on't ha$e ti+e
to re,&t e$er* #itt#e #ie he +a!es 9he +a!es +e o&t to (o+es a(ross as a Rose+ite Sa+ (ari(at&re o' a
h&+an ,ein) in his 'i#in)s "hen he es(ri,es +e%%%;%
F&rther3 "h* a+ I arreste 'or trespassin) an not those 'ro+ Ne$aa Co&rt Ser$i(es "here the* "ent
,ehin (#ose )ate the the ,a(!*ar o' +* ho+e #a" o''i(e an ,an)e on "ino" e0tre+e#* #o&#* 'or
B@ +in&tes at a ti+e C ti+es a a*3 one )&* rin)in) the oor,e##3 one )&* +o$in) aro&n a## other sies
o' the propert* ,an)in) on the "ino"s3 peerin) in (#ose ,#ins3 an a''e(tin) a phon* 2(o#or o' #a"2
tone3 rese+,#an(e3 an $er,a# (o++&ni(ations3 +is#eain)#* anno&n(in) that the* "ere 2Co&rt
Ser$i(es3 (o+e o&t no"U23 "earin) their preten Sheri'' o&t'its3 ,i) e/&ip+ent sa#e ,e#ts 9in(#&in)
'irear+s3 I ,e#ie$e3 an raios;3 et(% 3et(%
httpA//"""%*o&t&,e%(o+/"at(h.$S=W:C8/8O7DR
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A to that that Ne$aa Co&rt Ser$i(es <e'' Chan#er ri$es ,* in his Monster Tr&(! ,arin) his
persona#i1e 2NCS2 #i(ense p#ate "hi#e I a+ in the RPD s/&a (ar3 han(&''e3 o&tsie +* 'or+er #a"
o''i(e at :8: Ri$er Ro(!3 at the ti+e o' the :/:8/:8 =a*"a#!in) arrest an the appearan(es are tro&,#in)%
No"3 a to that that Le" Taite#3 Es/% "as +* (o&rt appointe p&,#i( e'ener in the Reno M&ni(ipa#
Co&rt in the trespass (ase3 an that <&)e Garner ha re'&se to pro$ie +e the na+es o' prospe(ti$e
appointe e'ense (o&nse# 9I "ante to r&n a (on'#i(ts (he(!; at +* arrai)n+ent 9"here Marsha#
Ment1e# ,ar!e at +e in a threatenin) tone3 &sin) +ena(in) #an)&a)e;3 "here&pon Taite# "as appointe
as +* e'ense attorne* an 'i#e a noti(e o' appearan(e3 an re(ei$e +* (on'ientia# 'i#e3 p( sheet3
arrest reports3 ssn3 et(%%%%on#* its t&rns o&t that Taite# shares an o''i(e an a re(eptionist "ith Ne$aa
Co&rt Ser$i(es an the* #ist hi+ an his pi(t&re on their "e,site as 2asso(iate "ith2 their Pro(ess
Ser$er (orporation3 espite the prohi,ition #a"*ers 'a(e a)ainst 'ee sharin) "ith nonD#a"*ers% Then3
Taite# so+eho" +ana)es to )et o&t o' e'enin) +* (ase "itho&t 'i#in) a Motion to >ithra" as
Co&nse#3 espite that ,ein) re/&ire ,* the Reno M&ni(ipa# Co&rt R&#e C9B;A
RMCR R&#e C9B;A A&thori1ation to Represent 9B;A An attorne* esirin) to "ithra" 'ro+ a (ase sha##
'i#e a +otion "ith the (o&rt an ser$e the Cit* Attorne* "ith the sa+e% The (o&rt +a* r&#e on the
+otion or set a hearin)%
B&t3 perhaps +ost tro&,#in) o' a## is the i+p#i(ation that the Reno Cit* Attorne*'s O''i(e3 "hi(h e'ens
a(tions a)ainst the Cit* o' Reno Po#i(e Depart+ent an its O''i(ers3 has a $este interest in is(reitin)
+e in a$an(e o' the "ron)'&# arrest #a"s&it that the Reno Cit* Attorne*'s o''i(e !ne" "as i++inent at
the ti+e o' a## o' the a,o$e in(ients3 re#atin) to the 'o##o"in) A&)&st 8@th3 8@:: "ron)'&# arrest ,*
RPD O''i(er's D&ra#e an Rosa% httpA//"""%*o&t&,e%(o+/"at(h.$S5PR7/BOI5,@ So3 that's "hat
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atte+ptin) to (oer(e a s&spe(t's (onsent to an i+per+issi,#e sear(h so&ns #i!e. A to that that the
trespassin) (ase is ,e'ore <&)e Garner3 "ho+ +ost re(ent#* "as e+p#o*e "ith the Reno Cit*
Attorne*'s O''i(e%
An3 *o& !no" "hat is '&nn*. O''i(er De# Ve((hio (&''e +e an p#a(e +e in his s/&a (ar #ast
s&++er a'ter he terri'ie +e an another )ent#e+an "ho ha ,i(*(#es% -e $eere a(ross the roa an
s(ree(he his s/&a (ar to a ha#t3 =&+pe o&t3 an i so+e other st&''3 then e+ane +* na+e an
ID%%%an the #a"*er in +e in't #i!e that that +&(h3 an he in't #i!e +e not "antin) to )i$e it to hi+%
This o((&rre ri)ht in 'ront o' +* ho+e #a" o''i(e in the s&++er o' 8@::% -e (&''e +e an to# +e I
"as )oin) to =ai# 'or so+ethin) a,o&t a #i)ht on the 'ront o' +* ,i(*(#e 9the one NV Ener)* #i!e#* sto#e
"hen the sh&t o'' +* po"er3 &nnoti(e3 on O(to,er B3 8@::; espite +* ,i!e a(t&a##* ha$in) s&(h a
#i)ht%%%%,&t then De# Ve((hio's partner i hi+ a so#i an ta#!e so+e sense into hi+3 an I h&+,#e it
&p 'or De# Ve((hio an "e ,oth #et it )o3 an I in't )o to =ai#%%%%Unti# De# Ve((hio "as present
s&per$isin) so+e O''i(er's trainin) at the s(ene o' +* (&stoia# 94 ho&r; =a*"a#!in) arrest; on :/:8/:8%
B&t De# Ve((hio3 I )&ess either in't "ant to or "asn't a,#e to ta#! so+e sense into Sar)ent
Si)'ree%%%%%an then Sar)ent Si)'ree 9the spe##in) is #i!e#* o''; ha +e arreste an (har)e "ith a )ross
+ise+eanor3 2Mis&se o' 4::2 =&st t"o a*s #ater3 on <an&ar* :Bth3 8@:: "hen I (a##e 4:: to report
that +* roo++ates "ere #a&)hin) +ena(in)#* "hen I as!e the+ "h* +* o) "as +issin) 9I ha a#so
,een (hase &p to +* roo+ n&+ero&s ti+es sin(e +o$in) in "ith these peop#e3 so+ethin) I ha to o
,e(a&se so +&(h o' +* +one* ha ,een ta!en &p "ith ,ai# or #ost earnin)s &e to a## these "ron)'&#
arrests an a,&se o' pro(esses +entione a,o$e%%%a#so these ho&se+ates ha (hase +e "ith a ten in(h
,&t(her !ni'e3 t"o o' +* tires "ere s#ashe3 I "as #o(!e o&t a## ni)ht on Ne" Rears E$en "hen these
(han)e the #o(!s at aro&n +ini)ht3 ha +* '&rnit&re thro"n in the street3 propert* sto#en3 (o''ee
thro"n on +e3 estro*in) +* s+art phone in the pro(ess3 et(%3 et(%%%An espite the ho&se+ate ha$in)
an o&tstanin) arrest "arrant3 an ani+a# a,&se ,ein) #iste a+on)st the e#e+ents o' o+esti( $io#en(e3
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Sar)ent Si)'ree to# +e he "as arrestin) +e ,e(a&se I 2!eep p&ttin) *o&rse#' in these sit&ations23 #i!e3
"here I a+ a $i(ti+3 an that he "as 2tr*in) to he#p *o&23 he sai "ith a s+ir! an a #a&)h to his 'e##o"
RPD O''i(ers3 "ho+ then pro(eee to &se e0(essi$e 'or(e a)ainst +e% I )&ess he "as he#pin) +e ,*
sa#in) +e "ith a )ross +ise+eanor "ith a K:35@@ ,ai#3 espe(ia##* "here its ,een arran)e 'or Co&rt
Ser$i(es3 or preDTria# Ser$i(es to 'ore$er en* +e an OR3 espite +* +eetin) the 'a(tors 'or s&(h set
'orth in stat&te 9C@ *ear resient3 entire i++eiate 'a+i#* #i$es here3 #i(ense to pra(ti(e #a" in Ne$aa3
et(%3 et(;%%%I )&ess it sho&# not ,e too +&(h o' a s&rprise to +e that Reno Cit* Attorne* Pa+ Ro,erts
'ai#e to aress the per=&r* o' a## three o' her "itnesses or that her 'e##o" Reno Cit* Attorne*
Christopher -a1#ettDSte$ens #ie to +e a,o&t "hether or not the Reno Cit* Attorne*'s O''i(e e$en ha
an* o(&+entation re#ate to +* arrest or "hether it "o&# in the +onth ,e'ore +* arrai)n+ent3
espite that 'a(t that s&,se/&ent pro&(tions o' is(o$er* ten to ini(ate that the Reno Cit* Attorne*'s
O''i(e i ha$e those +ateria#s at the ti+e% I (o&# ,e "ron) a,o&t so+e o' this%%%B&t that "o&# re/&ire
an a"'&# #ot o' (oin(ien(es%
Sin(ere#*3
Fa(h Co&)h#in3 Es/
CONCLUSION
%egardless, the L7udgmentL or L6rderL here Cas not a33ro3riatel1 served on the undersigned
on NovemAer .th, ".!!. +urther, the undersigned made man1, man1 calls and Critten attem3ts
and tri3s to the %@C to oAtain a co31 o2 the Contem3t 6rder, the <uilt1 7udgment, and the audio
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recording o2 the )rial and all Cere either not granted, not 3rovided, or 3rovided in such a dela1ed
manner as to create an undul1 3reGudicial situation adversel1 e22ecting the undersigneds rights
su22icient to im3ermissiAl1 com3romise 2undamentals notions o2 2airness and due 3rocess.
+urther, the 6rder is LrenderedL Chen 7udge 5oCard sa1s it is LrenderedL, and 7udge 5oCard
clearl1 indicated, on the record, as demonstrated in the audio record, Chich Cill Ae availaAle to the
District Court ultimatel1, the !. da1 deadline 2or 2iling a Notice o2 033eal Could not Aegin running
until a2ter the da1 #ummar1 Contem3t 6rderEs three da1 Gail sentence concluded. Damn, this
stu22 is com3licated. #ure it nice to see the government goign hard as a mother to 3rotect lil olE
;al*@art Chom is rumored to Ae the suAGect o2 a documentar1 aAout hoC the1 have a intricate
s1stem o2 Ceasling out o2 their L%eturn ?olic1L and retaliating against those Cho call them on it.
AFFIRMATION P&rs&ant to NRS 8C4B%@C@
0lso, this document does not contain an1 social securit1 numAer or other ina33ro3riate material
3ursuant to N%# "9B....
Dated this +eAruar1 "", ".!"
DsD Zach CoughlinUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
N& Bar No. 947
!4"" E. 9th #t. $"
%eno, N& '9(!"
)ele: 77(*'*'!!'
+a,: 949*--7*74."
0ttorne1 2or ?ro #e 033ellant Denied #i,th 0mendment %ight )o Counsel
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?%66+ 6+ #E%&4CE
6n this date, 4, @r. Zach Coughlin served the 2oregoing document A1 2a,ing, emailing,
delivering and serving u3on registered e2ilers and de3ositing a true and correct co31 in the 8# @ail
addressed to:
?0@ %6BE%)#, E#V
765N M0D94C, E#V
P.O. Box 1900 Reno , N !9"0"
P#one N$m%er& ''"(()*0"0
+ax n$m%er& ''"(()*)*0
0ttorne1 2or %es3ondent, Cit1 o2 %eno
dated +eAruar1 "", ".!"
Zach Coughlin
Zach Coughlin
0<EN) 6+ 0??E990N)
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00727
Clerk Accepted: 02-22-2012:11:23:27
COUGHLIN
00728
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Code: 1170
JOHN J. KADLIC
Reno City Attorney
Pamela G. Roberts
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, Nevada 89505
(775) 334-2050
lOIN AND FOR THE COUNTY OF WASHOE
11
12
13 ZACHARY COUGHLIN CASE NO.: CR11-2064
Appellant,
14
DEPT.: 10
15 vs.
16 CITY OF RENO, a municipal corporation,
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Reno City Attorney
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NV 89505
Respondent. /
ANSWERING BRIEF
COMES NOW the Respondent CITY OF RENO ("City"), by and through Pamela G.
Roberts, Deputy City Attorney, and hereby files its Answering Brief as follows. This Brief is
based upon the pleadings and documents on file herein, and the points and authorities which are
set forth below and by this reference made a part hereof.
PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On September 14, 2011, a criminal complaint was filed charging Zachary Coughlin
(herein after Appellant) with Petit Larceny, a violation of Reno Municipal Code (RMC)
8.10.040. The Appellant was arraigned on October 10,,2011 and entered a not guilty plea to the
charge and the matter was set for trial on November 14,2011. On October 26, 2011, Appellant
-1-
F I L E D
Electronically
02-23-2012:01:17:52 PM
Clerk of the Court
00729
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Reno City Attorney
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NV 89505
filed an Application for Appointment of Legal, Defender and a separate motion for a new trial
date. On October 27, 2011, the Honorable Ken Howard entered an Order denying Appellant's
Application for Appointment of Legal Defender, stating that if the trial resulted in a conviction,
there would be no jail sentence imposed. The November 14, 2011 trial date was continued by
the Court and a new trial date was set for November 30, 2011. Appellant filed a new Motion for
Continuance on the date of the trial which was denied. The trial was in front of the Honorable
Ken Howard of the Reno Municipal Court and the Appellant was found guilty and a Judgment of
Conviction was entered on November 30, 2011 imposing a total fine in the amount of $400.00.
The Appellant untimely filed his Notice of Appeal of the trial court's judgment on
December 13, 2011. It should be noted that Appellant also filed in Reno Municipal Court a
Motion to Vacate and/or Set Aside, Motion for Reconsideration, Motion for Recusal and Motion
for Publication of :rranscript at Public expense, all of which were denied in an Order entered on
December 15, 2011.
This Honorable Court issued the Order for Briefing Schedule on January 5, 2012
requiring Appellant to file and serve his Opening Brief within thirty (30) days of the date of the
Order and imposing a five page limit. On January 19, 2012, Respondent filed a Motion to
Dismiss Appeal based upon Appellant's untimely filing his notice of appeal. On January 30,
2012, Appellant filed an Opposition to Motion to Dismiss Appeal. On February 1, 2012,
Appellant filed a pleading entitled "Supplement to Motion to Dismiss". On February 6, 2012,
Respondent filed a Reply in Support of Motion to Dismiss Appeal and Request for Submission.
No Order regarding the Motion to Dismiss has been filed or entered.
On February 7, 2012, Appellant filed and served his Opening Brief which exceeded the
five page limit by three pages. It should be noted that Appellant's Opening Brief was due on
February 6, 2012 because the 30
th
day fell on Saturday, February 4, 2012. On February 7, 2012,
Appellant also filed a Motion for Extension of Time to File Opening Brief. Pursuant to WCDR
11, Motions for Extension of time shall be made upon 5 days notice. Respondent did not file any
opposition to Appellant's Motion for Extension of Time and this Honorable Court has not
entered any Order extending the time for Appellant to file his Opening Brief or granting his
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Reno City Attorney
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NV 89505
request for an exception to this the five page limit. On February 22, 2012, without leave from
this Honorable Court, Appellant served Respondent a Supplement to Appellant's Opening Brief.
Respondent hereby files its Answering Brief in accordance with this Honorable Court's
Scheduling Order. In Appellant's Supplement to Motion to Dismiss he references that he was
directed to supply the 2
nd
Judicial District Court and the Respondent a copy of the trial transcript
or in the alternative, a copy of the audio CD of the trial. As of February 23, 2012, the
Respondent has not received either a trial transcript or copy of the audio CD of the trial.
Accordingly, the Record on Appeal is deficient and the Appeal should be dismissed.
STATEMENT OF FACTS
The City presented testimony through Loss Prevention Officer Thomas Frontino
and Reno Sparks Indian Colony Police Officer Braunworth in support of the charge of Petit
Larceny. The Appellant zealously cross-examined each witness. Appellant called Reno Sparks
Indian Colony Police Officer Crawford to the stand in his case. There was sufficient evidence for
the trial court to find the Appellant guilty of Petit Larceny. Respondel).t is unable to cite to the
facts or testimony presented in this case as the Appellant did not provide either a trial transcript
or audio CD. However, should this Honorable Court receive and review the audio CD,
Respondent believes that the testimony of the City's witnesses provided sufficient evidence to
support the conviction.
LEGAL ARGUMENT
Appellant contends that there was insufficient evidence to convict him; the City
respectfully disagrees with that contention. The Nevada Supreme Court in Wilkins v. State, 96
Nev. 367, 609 P.2d 309 (1990) determined the standard to be used on appeal when an appellant
challenges his or her conviction based on insufficient evidence. In Wilkins at 313, the Court
states:
"In reviewing the evidence supporting ajury's verdict, the question is not whether
this Court is convinced of the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, but
whether the jury, acting reasonably, could have been convinced to that certitude
by the evidence it had a right to consider."
-3-
00731
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Reno City Attorney
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NV 89505
In the instant case, the evidence of guilt was substantial and uncontroverted. Three
witnesses testified during the trial. The evidence in the case at hand was substantial and is
sufficient to establish guilt beyond a reasonable doubt as determined by a rational trier of fact.
Appellant's Opening Brief and other Motions include references to audio and video
recordings and receipts that were not admitted into evidence and are not part of the record.
Appellant's speculative arguments are unsupported by the evidence and are without merit.
CONCLUSION
Appellant has failed to timely file his notice of appeal, failed to complete the
record on appeal, failed to timely file his Opening Brief and exceeded the page limit and has
failed to comply with applicable Court Rules. For all of these reasons and the foregoing
argument set forth above, the Trial Court's finding of guilt and conviction for petit larceny
should be affirmed and the Appeal should be dismissed.
RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED on the 23nf day of February, 2012.
JOHN J. KADLIC
Reno City Attorney
By:
PAMELA G. ROBERTS
P. O. Box 1900
Reno, Nevada 89505
Tel: (775) 334-2050
Attorneysfor Respondent, CITY OF RENO
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Reno City Attorney
. P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NV 89505
AFFIRMATION
The undersigned does hereby affirm that the preceding document Answering Brief
(Title of Document)
-OR-
D
D
-OR-
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-OR-
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Date: February 23,2012
(Signature)
Pamela G. Roberts
(Print Name)
City of Reno
(Attorney for)
00733
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Reno City Attorney
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NV 89505
business practices.
D
Personal delivery.
D
Facsimile (FAX).
D
D
1422 East 9
th
St #2
Reno, NV 89512
DATED this 23rd day of February 2012.
1\

Penelope H. Colt r
00734
Clerk Accepted: 02-23-2012:14:14:57
Document(s) Submitted: Answering Brief
COUGHLIN
00735
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F I L E D
Electronically
02-24-2012:08:22:49 AM
+Document Code: Clerk of the Court
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Nevada Bar No: 947
!4"" E. 9th #t. $"
%eno, N& '9(!"
)ele: 77(*'*'!!'
+a,: 949*--7*74."
0ttorne1 2or 033ellant
4N )5E #EC6ND 78D4C409 D4#)%4C) C68%) 6+ )5E #)0)E 6+ NE&0D0
4N 0ND +6% )5E C68N): 6+ ;0#56E
Z0C5 C68<594N= >
>
033ellant, >
>
vs. > C0#E N6: C%!!*".-4
>
C4): 6+ %EN6 > DE?). N6: !.
>
%es3ondents. >
>
SUPPLEMENT TO APPELLANT'S OPENING BRIEF; OR PLEAD IN THE
ALTERNATIVE, NOTICE OF INSUFFICIENCY OF THE RECORD ON APPEAL
C6@E# N6;, 033ellant Zach Coughlin, A1 and through his attorne1, Zachar1 BarBer
Coughlin, Esq , and o22ers the aAove title document. )he %ecord on 033eal or hoCever the %@C is
titling it is insu22icinet. )he illegiAle D2our 3ages 3er 3ageD versio o2 the materials 4 2iled Cith the
%@C do not com3ort Cith the Done 3ae 3er 3ageD com3letel1 legiAle version %@C +iling 622icer
#u3ervisor Donna Ballard gave me 3ermission to suAmit to her via the email address,
%eno@uni%ecords/%eno.gov, Chich Cas done to ease the Aurden on the %@C 2a, machine. 4
sCear this under 3enatl1 o2 3erEur1 and asB that this Court require the %@C to 3rovide the Done 3age
3er 3ageD, legiAle version, and quit re2using to alloC me access to 3olice re3orts that are attached as
- 1 #8??9E@EN) )6 0??E990N)F# 6?EN4N< B%4E+= 6% ?9E0D 4N )5E 09)E%N0)4&E, N6)4CE 6+
4N#8++4C4ENC: 6+ )5E %EC6%D 6N 0??E09
00736

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E,hiAits to the criminal com3laint G)homas, 2iling clerB at the %@C, re2used to do this and indicated
7udge 5oCard told him to call 7udge 5oCard an1time 4 a33eared rather than Ddeal Cith 1our
nonsenseD. )homas also told me 4 Could need a suA3oena to see a co31 o2 the docBet in m1 case !!
C% ""!7-. 5e said this in English. 0ttached as E,hiAit ! is a co31 o2 the 2iling that Cas suAmitted
to the %@C on !"H!"H!!, titled DNotice o2 033eal, @otion to &acate and or set 0side, 7C%C? (9,
7C%C? -., @otion 2or %econsideration= @6tion 2or %EcusalD. ;hat is not clear is hoC the %@C
can Ae said the D2ileD something at 9:..3m at night, Chile something 4 2iled on !"H!"H!! is 3ut doCn
on the DCerti2ied DocBetD as Aeing 2iled !"H!H!!. #ee E,hiAit !, Chich also contains a !"H'H!!
%equest 2or Co31 o2 the 0udio )ranscri3t that Cas 2iled Cith the %@C Chich does not a33ear to Ae
listed in the Certi2ied )ranscri3t. #o, the %ecord on 033eal should include the !.7 3age Notice o2
033eal, Etc. 2ilign o2 !"H!"H!!, as Cell as another Notice o2 033eal, Etc. 2ilign on !"H!H!!
GhoCever, that 2ilign had and E,hiAit ! attached that Cas 794 3ages, and it Cas not in a D2our 3age
3er 3ageD 2orm as acce3ted 2or 2iling A1 %@C #u3ervisor Donna Ballard, though the version o2 it
3laced in the %ecord on 033eal is an illegiAle D2our 3age 3er 3ageD version, Chich does not sur3rise
me given the lengths the %@C seems Cilling to go to avoid an1 trans3arenc1 arising in this matters.
)he E,hiAit attached hereto is not a com3lete re3resentation o2 all that the %@C ought 3lace in the
%ecord on 033eal, Aut its a start. +urther, the 2act that this Notice o2 033eal Cas 2iled, or shoudl Ae
recogniIed as 2iled on !"H!"H!!, a @onda1, should vitiate the %eno Cit1 0ttorne1Fs !. calendar da1
N%# !'9..!., Eurisdictional deadline to 2ile a notice o2 a33eal under the %oot case argument, as the
!. da1s, udner that a33roach, Could run on the ne,t Eudicial da1 2olloCing that #aturda1, Chich
Coudl Ae the da1 this Cas suAmitted, @onda1, !"H!"H!!. )hat is earl1 under m1 argument, Aut
regardless, the a33eal Cas timel1 2iled, lets 3la1 Aall.
AFFIRMATION Pursuant to NRS !"B#$!$
4N#8++4C4ENC: 6+ )5E %EC6%D 6N 0??E09
00737
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0lso, this document does not contain an1 social securit1 numAer or other ina33ro3riate material
3ursuant to N%# "9B....
Dated this +eAruar1 "4, ".!"
HsH Zach CoughlinJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
N& Bar No. 947
!4"" E. 9th #t. $"
%eno, N& '9(!"
)ele: 77(*'*'!!'
+a,: 949*--7*74."
0ttorne1 2or ?ro #e 033ellant Denied #i,th 0mendment %ight )o Counsel
4N#8++4C4ENC: 6+ )5E %EC6%D 6N 0??E09
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?%66+ 6+ #E%&4CE
6n this date, 4, @r. Zach Coughlin served the 2oregoing document A1 2a,ing, emailing,
delivering and serving u3on registered e2ilers and de3ositing a true and correct co31 in the 8# @ail
addressed to:
?0@ %6BE%)#, E#K
765N L0D94C, E#K
%eno Cit1 0ttorne1Fs 622ice * Criminal Division
?.6. Bo, !9.. %eno , N& '9(.(
?hone NumAer: 77(4".(.
+a, numAer: 77(4"4".
0ttorne1 2or %es3ondent, Cit1 o2 %eno
dated +eAruar1 "4, ".!"
Zach Coughlin
Zach Coughlin
0<EN) 6+ 0??E990Nt
4N#8++4C4ENC: 6+ )5E %EC6%D 6N 0??E09
00739
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INDE% TO E%HIBITS
&# E%HIBIT &' &(&(&& Not)*+ o, A--+a. ,).)n/ )n t0+ RMC; On+ Hun1r+1 an1 S+2+n 3&$45 -a/+s#
# E60)7)t ' *o..+*t)on o, 8r)t)n/s -ro2)n/ ,).)n/s 8+r+ su79)tt+1 to t0+ RMC 2)a r+no9un)r+*or1s:r+no#/o2,
an1 t0at t0+ -1, atta*09+nts to t0os+ +9a).s s0ou.1 7+ )n*.u1+1 )n t0+ RE*or1 on A--+a.; a.so )n*.u1+1 )s t0+
&(;(&& ,).)n/ o, a RE<u+st ,or Au1)o Co-= o, Pro*++1)n/s#
4N#8++4C4ENC: 6+ )5E %EC6%D 6N 0??E09
00740
F I L E D
Electronically
02-24-2012:08:22:49 AM
Clerk of the Court
EXHIBIT 1
EXHIBIT 1
00741
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Zach Coughlin
17 N. Virginia St. 2
Reno, NV 9501
Tele: 7752296737
Fax: 9496677402
Pro per Defendant/Appellant
JUSTICE COURT RENO TOWNSHIP
WASHOE COUNTY, NEVADA
CITY OF RENO; )
Plaintiff.
)
v.
)
ZACHARY BARER COUGHLIN
) Case No:11 CR 22176 2I
Defendant.
) Dept No: Judge Howard
)
)
)
)
1 Notice of Appeal, Motion to Vacate and or Set Aside, JCRCP 59, JCRCP 60, Motion for
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Notice of Appeal, Motion to Vacate and or Set Aside, JCRCP 59, JCRCP 60, Motion for
Reconsideration; Motion for Recusal; Motion For Publication Of Transcript at Public Expense,
Petition for In Forma Pauperis Status
Defendant/Appellant, Zach Coughlin, hereby files this Notice of Appeal, Motion to Vacate and
or Set Aside, JCRCP 59, JCRCP 60, Motion for Reconsideration; Motion for Recusal; Motion For
Publication Of Transcript at Public Expense, Petition for In Forma Pauperis Status.
ANALYSIS
INCORPORATE BY REFERENCE ALL LAW AND ASSERTIONS IN ATTACHED
PAPERS AND PLEADINGS AND WRITINGS IN EXHIBIT 1:
RULE 59. NEW TRIALS; AMENDMENT OF JUDGMENTS
(a) Grounds. A new trial may be granted to all or any of the parties and on all or part of the issues for any of the
following causes or grounds materially affecting the substantial rights of an aggrieved party: (1) Irregularity in the
proceedings of the court, jury, master, or adverse party, or any order of the court, or master, or abuse of discretion by
which either party was prevented from having a fair trial; (2) Misconduct of the jury or prevailing party; (3) Accident or
surprise which ordinary prudence could not have guarded against; (4) Newly discovered evidence material for the party
making the motion which the party could not, with reasonable diligence, have discovered and produced at the trial; (5)
Manifest disregard by the jury of the instructions of the court; (6) Excessive damages appearing to have been given under
the influence of passion or prejudice; or, (7) Error in law occurring at the trial and objected to by the party making the
motion. On a motion for a new trial in an action tried without a jury, the court may open the judgment if one has been
entered, take additional testimony, amend findings of fact and conclusions of law or make new findings and conclusions,
and direct the entry of a new judgment.
(b) Time for Motion. A motion for a new trial shall be filed no later than 10 days after service of written notice of the
entry of the judgment.
(c) Time for Serving Affidavits. When a motion for new trial is based upon affidavits they shall be filed with the motion.
The opposing party has 10 days after service within which to file opposing affidavits, which period may be extended for
an additional period not exceeding 20 days either by the court for good cause shown or by the parties by written
stipulation. The court may permit reply affidavits.
(d) On Court's Initiative; Notice; Specifying Grounds. No later than 10 days after entry of judgment the court, on its
own, may order a new trial for any reason that would justify granting one on a party's motion. After giving the parties
notice and an opportunity to be heard, the court may grant a timely motion for a new trial for a reason not stated in the
motion. When granting a new trial on its own initiative or for a reason not stated in a motion, the court shall specify the
grounds in its order.
(e) Motion to Alter or Amend a Judgment. A motion to alter or amend the judgment shall be filed no later than 10 days
after service of written notice of entry of the judgment.
[As amended; effective July 1, 2005.]
2
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RULE 60. RELIEF FROM JUDGMENT OR ORDER
(a) Clerical Mistaes. Clerical mistakes in judgments, orders or other parts of the record and errors therein arising from
oversight or omission may be corrected by the court at any time of its own initiative or on the motion of any party and
after such notice, if any, as the court orders. During the pendency of an appeal, such mistakes may be so corrected before
the appeal is docketed in the appellate court, and thereafter while the appeal is pending may be so corrected with leave of
the appellate court.
(b) Mistaes; Inadvertence; cusable Neglect; Nely iscovered vidence; raud tc. On motion and upon such
terms as are just, the court may relieve a party or party's legal representative from a final judgment, order, or proceeding
for the following reasons: (1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect; (2) newly discovered evidence which
by due diligence could not have been discovered in time to move for a new trial under Rule 59(b); (3) fraud (whether
heretofore denominated intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation or other misconduct of an adverse party; (4) the
judgment is void; or, (5) the judgment has been satisfied, released, or discharged, or a prior judgment upon which it is
based has been reversed or otherwise vacated, or it is no longer euitable that an injunction should have prospective
application. The motion shall be made within a reasonable time, and for reasons (1), (2), and (3) not more than 6 months
after the proceeding was taken or the date that written notice of entry of the judgment or order was served. A motion
under this subdivision (b) does not affect the finality of a judgment or suspend its operation. This rule does not limit the
power of a court to entertain an independent action to relieve a party from a judgment, order, or proceeding, or to set
aside a judgment for fraud upon the court. Writs of coram nobis, coram vobis, audita uerela, and bills of review and bills
in the nature of a bill of review, are abolished, and the procedure for obtaining any relief from a judgment shall be by
motion as prescribed in these rules or by an independent action.
(c) efault Judgments efendant Not ersonally Served. When a default judgment shall have been taken against any
party who was not personally served with summons and complaint, either in the State of Nevada or in any other
jurisdiction, and who has not entered a general appearance in the action, the court, after notice to the adverse party, upon
motion made within 6 months after the date of service of written notice of entry of such judgment, may vacate such
judgment and allow the party or the party's legal representatives to answer to the merits of the original action. When,
however, a party has been personally served with summons and complaint, either in the State of Nevada or in any other
jurisdiction, the party must make application to be relieved from a default, a judgment, an order, or other proceeding
taken against the party, or for permission to file an answer, in accordance with the provisions of subdivision (b) of this
rule.
(d) efault Judgments Modification Nunc ro Tunc. Whenever a default judgment or decree has been entered, the
party or parties in default therein may at any time thereafter, upon written consent of the party or parties in whose favor
judgment or decree has been entered, enter general appearance in the action, and the general appearance so entered shall
have the same force and effect as if entered at the proper time prior to the rendition of the judgment or decree. On such
appearance being entered the court may make and enter a modified judgment or decree to the extent only of showing such
general appearance on the part of the party or parties in default, and it shall be entered nunc pro tunc as of the date of the
original judgment or decree; provided, however, that nothing herein contained shall prevent the court from modifying
such judgment or decree as stipulated and agreed in writing by the parties to such action, and in accordance with the terms
of such written stipulation and agreement.
RULE 62. STAY OF PROCEEDINGS TO ENFORCE A JUDGMENT
(a) Automatic Stay. Except as stated herein, no execution shall issue upon a judgment nor shall proceedings be taken for
its enforcement until the expiration of 10 days after service of written notice of its entry.
(b) Stay on Motion for Ne Trial or for Judgment. In its discretion and on such conditions for the security of the
adverse party as are proper, the court may stay the execution of or any proceedings to enforce a judgment pending the
disposition of a motion for a new trial or to alter or amend a judgment made pursuant to Rule 59, or of a motion for relief
from a judgment or order made pursuant to Rule 60, or of a motion for judgment in accordance with a motion for a
judgment as a matter of law made pursuant to Rule 50, or of a motion for amendment to the findings or for additional
findings made pursuant to Rule 52(b).
(c) eserved.
(d) Stay pon Appeal. When an appeal is taken the appellant by giving a supersedeas bond may obtain a stay. The bond
may be given at or after the time of filing the notice of appeal. The stay is effective when the supersedeas bond is filed.
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(e) Stay in avor of te State or Agency Tereof. When an appeal is taken by the State or by any county, city or town
within the State, or an officer or agency thereof and the operation or enforcement of the judgment is stayed, no bond,
obligation, or other security shall be reuired from the appellant.
(f) eserved.
(g) oer of Appellate Court Not imited. The provisions in this rule do not limit any power of an appellate court or of
a judge or justice thereof to stay proceedings during the pendency of an appeal or to suspend, modify, restore, or grant an
injunction during the pendency of an appeal or to make any order appropriate to preserve the status uo or the
effectiveness of the judgment subseuently to be entered.
() Stay of Judgment as to Multiple Claims or Multiple arties. When a court has ordered a final judgment under the
conditions stated in Rule 54(b), the court may stay enforcement of that judgment until the entering of a subseuent
judgment or judgments and may prescribe such conditions as are necessary to secure the benefit thereof to the party in
whose favor the judgment is entered.
[As amended; effective July 1, 2005.]
prosecutorial misconduct (such as the D.A. withholding exculpatory evidence that could've helped your defense)
judicial errors (such as the judge permitting evidence that should've been excluded or vice versa)
erroneous application of a law or regulation improper jury instructions
ineffective assistance of counsel or other malpractice the evidence did not prove your guilt beyond a reasonable doubt
I went to the filing office at the RMC a couple times recently, including today, and sent in another written reuest seeking
an audio tape of the Trial in RMC 11 CR 22176 IC 110627 RSIC but was told by a Clerk that I would need to pay for
the entire Trial to be transcribed, and only then would I be allowed to read it, and that I would not be allowed to access
the audio of the hearing Is this correct I need to have the audio of the Trial to finish my Rule 59, 60, and Motion for
Reconsideration Motions....I will pay for the audio. I have received many audio cd/dvds from both Reno Justice Court
and Washoe District Court, and it was announced in court that the trial was being audio recorded, as such, I hope you will
afford me a copy. Today, I called the RMC and spoke with Veronica, who sounded very angry with me and dismissive. I
was summarily sentenced to 3 days in jail at the end of the trial in this matter, even where I had been denied my Sixth
Amendment Right To Counsel, after a Contempt committed in the courts presence finding was announced, in addition to
a guilty verdict in the underlying action. Veronica informed me that she was at the trial and that the RMC had failed to
mail me or otherwise serve me with a copy of the written Order, either for the guilty conviction in the underlying case or
the contempt order. I was forced into handcuffs so uickly ater Judge Howard concluded issuing his oral ruling that I was
not even able to save my notes on my computer, it was literally apparently that exigent a situation to handcuff me....Then
a few Marshalls place some pieces of paper in front of me and demanded I sign them, and became angry, like Veronica
and like Marshall Monte, I believe, was at the arraingment, when I asked a simple uestion related to due process,
something many at the RMC do not seem all that enamored with. I asked if I could even read the papers they were
demanding I sign right then and there. The curtly and loudly said no, then dragged me away before I could read the
papers, much less sign them. Veronica snarled at me that that was all the service of the Order of Contempt and Guilty
Verdict that I would get, but that she might fax it to me, however, no fax has arrived, despite my illustrating the
exigencies of receiving the Order in preparing my Relief From Judgment Motions. Veronica continue to curtly refuse to
provide me any copy of any of the previously filed Orders of the Court unless I paid for them, despite my apparently not
having been provided a copy of such orders in the first place. I have no idea what those papers were (they certainly were
not in the property given to me upon my release from jail) and have received nothing in the mail, despite updating the
RMC with my new address of: 17 N. Virginia St. 2, Reno NV 9501 and filing an official Change of Address with the
USPS shortly after I was summarily evicted (despite there being only a No Cause Summary Eviction notice against my
commercial lease, something entirely probibited against under NRS 40.253. Not only was I denied my Sixth Amendment
Right to Counsel where jail time was a possibility (and where, I, in fact was jailed, immediately). I was denied a
continuance in this matter despite a written assent to one by Reno City Attorney Pam Roberts and despite the fact that the
4 Notice of Appeal, Motion to Vacate and or Set Aside, JCRCP 59, JCRCP 60, Motion for
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Reno City Attorney was given one by my supposed appointed counsel Lew Taitel (whom is associated with
( http://www.nevcs.com/attorney.html ) an entity that I happen to be suing Nevada Court Services, incident to the same
eviction proceeding for which Mr. Taitel did grant, and the RMC did grant, a continuance in the other RMC case against
me, the trespass action that was set for trial on December 13th, because Richard G. Hill, who I am also suing in
connection with the wrongful eviction against, was going to be on vacation and the RMC apparently found that a good
reason for a continuance, compared to the RMC feeling my being eviction on or around November 13th, then wrongfully
arrested in connection with the eviction, under a trespass charge, and incarcerated for a number of days, all while Richard
Hill applied an unlawful rent distraint upon many exculpatory materials that would speak to a stated and express
retaliatory motive on the part of Walmart and the RSIC, and other exculpatory materials being wrongfully withheld under
an unlawful rent distraint by Richard G. Hill, Es., the same person Mr. Taitel, the Reno City Attorney, and the RMC
decided deserved such sanctity applied to his monthlong vacation from Thanksgiving to New Years to grant a
continuance, with no input from me.
FAILURE TO AFFORD SIXTH AMENDMENT RIGHT TO COUNSEL OR GRANT DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL;
another DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL HEREBY MADE IN EVENT OF NEW TRIAL, SIMILARLY REUEST FOR
IN FORMA PAUPERIS STATUS HEREBY MADE AND SUPPORTED BY ATTACHED IFP PETITION
CONCLUSION
Defendant/Appelant Coughlin hereby respectfully reuests all Orders, Convictions,
Judgments, Contempt Findings, whatever, stemming from the November 30
th
, 2011 Trial be Vacated
or Set Aside or Reconsidered..
The undersigned does hereby affirm that the preceding document does not contain
the social security number of any person.
DATED this 12
th
Day of December, 2011
/s/ Zach Coughlin
Zach Coughlin
Defendant
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12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
PROOF OF SERVICE
I, Zach Coughlin, declare:
On December 12, 2011, I, Mr. Zach Coughlin served the foregoing Notice of Appeal,
Motion to Vacate and or Set Aside, JCRCP 59, JCRCP 60, Motion for Reconsideration; Motion for
Recusal by emailing and faxing and or placing in the mail a true copy thereof to:
Pamela G Roberts Company: Reno City Attorneys Office Criminal Divison Address: P.O. Box
1900 Reno , NV 9505 Phone Number: 7753342050 Fax number: 7753342420 Email:
robertspreno.gov
DATED THIS12th day of December, 2011 BY:
Zach Coughlin
Defendant
6
00747

00748

5
10
15
20
25
1 EXHIBIT 1: COLLECTION OF PERTINENT PAPERS IN FACTUAL AND LEGAL
SUPPORT OF THE ABOVE MOTIONS AND PLEADINGS
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
11
12
13
14
16
17
18
19
21
22
23
24
26
27
28
Notice of Appeal. Motion to Vacate and or Set Aside. JCRCP 59. JCRCP 60. Motion for
8
00749
Chris,
I am engaging you in relation to 11 CR 22176 an your failure to provide me
access to or copies of the discovery from the arrest of September 9, 2011, not
the trespass case. We will deal with the trespass case later. For now, please
just address your failure ot provide copies of the discovery when I requested.
Can you check your phone records? Would you like me to check mine?
How about your fax records. Mine? I think you will find that we definately
did speak. Anyways, can you indicate your offices standard operating
procedure when a defendant or accused calls and writes your office up
requesting discovery within a day after the arrest? Must you provide
something within 48 hours of the arrest? What about if the arraignment is set
out one month from the arrest? Must an arraignment occur prior to that? It
seems rather suspect to assert that your office does not have any records or
discovery incident to the an arrest of September 9, 2011, when the accused
calls and writes requesting documentation incident to the arrest on
approximately September 13th, 2011 and again soon thereafter, and again
somewhat later, when discovery subsequently provided by Pam Roberts
shows a fax (only a partial portion of which, apparently, was included in the
discovery) from Sargent Avansino to your office dated September 12,
20 11...Further, you did not indicate that your office had something but
wouldn't provide it, you indicated that your office simply did not have
anything. You made remarks about how you weren't going to tell this and
that person how to do their job, etc ... Remember? It seems patently unfair for
the prosecutor to be provided access to this documentation over one month
prior to the defendant being afforded access to it, and sufficient time to do
who knows what with it (several pages of Sargent Avansino's fax appear
missing and the Probable Cause sheet does not appear to be reviewed and
signed off on for a probable cause fmding by any Magistrate, the form is
simply blank), particularly were a continuance was at first agreed to by
Roberts in writing (only to have her weasel out of that at trial while making
jokes about the defendant's need to use the restroom in open court). Please
indicate, further, in writing, if your office received any faxed or emailed
records request from me, Zach Coughlin, at any time, including the period of
Sent: Thu 12/08/11 5:14 PM
To: hazlett-stevensc@reno.gov
1 of 7 12/12/2011 4:21 PM
00750

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
Date: Thu, 8 Dec 2011 16:05:11 -0800
Mr. Coughlin. I have never spoken to you and have never denied discovery to a defendant in any matter. Again
you seek to engage me in a convesation about the pending trespassing. I cannot speak with you. You are
represented by counsel.
Thank you,
Chris
City of Reno
Tel: 326-6628
Fax: 334-4226
2 of 7 12/12/2011 4:21 PM
00751
To: <hazlett-stevensc@reno.gov>, <robertsp@reno.gov>
Date: Thu, 8 Dec 2011 15:44:36 -0800

3 of 7 12/12/2011 4:21 PM
00752

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
Date: Wed, 7 Dec 2011 07:34:25 -0800
aware that I cannot communicate with a you as a represented party. Do not contact me without your
counsel.
Thank you,
Chris
City of Reno
Tel: 326-6628
Fax: 334-4226
confidential and are protected by the attorney-client privilege and/or work product doctrine. If you are not
4 of 7 12/12/2011 4:21 PM
00753

the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient you are hereby
notified that any review, disclosure, copying, dissemination, distribution or use of any of the information
contained in, or attached to this e-mail transmission is STRICTLY PROHIBITED. If you have received this
transmission in error, please immediately notify us by forwarding this e-mail to the sender or by telephone at
(775) 334-2050 and then delete the message and its attachments.
Date: Wed, 7 Dec 2011 01:48:03 -0800
correspondences, or media in any way connected to the trespass case against me for
which Lew Taitel was apparently my court appointed attorney, but whom no longer is.
Further, I wish to be copied on everything past and present in any way related to this
matter until and after I procure another attorney. I did not agree to the continuance you
sought, nor was I informed you were seeking it. I find it particularly troubling that a
continuance was granted in the trespass case to the same man who is applying an
unlawful rent distraint on both my client files, personal property, AND THE
EXCLUPATING EVIDENCE I NEED TO DEFEND MYSELF IN THE PETIT
LARCENY CASE FOR WHICH I DETAIL THE COMPLAINTS I HAVE AGAINST
YOU AND YOUR OFFICE'S HANDLING BELOW. NO CONTINUANCE WAS
GRANTED OR AGREED TO AT TRIAL BY THE RMC OR MS. ROBERTS,
PERHAPS SHE WAS TOO BUSY ALLEGEDLY SUBORNING THE PERJURY OF
RSIC OFFICER KAMERON CRAWFORD.
be "page 1" followed by pages without that heading...then a heading with "page 4" etc...
I want the entire contents of anything provided by the RSIC and Walmart to you or
anyone connected with the Reno City Attorney or the Reno Municipal Court. Further, I
want all media provided by Walmart, and I question why you needed 45 minutes with
the three witness who testified at the November 30th, 2011 trial, from 1pm to 1:45pm.
5 of 7 12/12/2011 4:21 PM
00754

Further, I spoke with you, Mr. Hazlett-Stevens, shortly after the September 9, 2011
arrest in this matter demanding a copy of all documentation or discovery that I had any
right to. I was told I would not have any opportunity to review such materials prior to
the arraignment, which was not set for a full 30 days out from the arrest. Do I not have
a right to a copy of the pc sheet, arrest report, and witness statements within 48 hours of
the arrest? The fax to your office from the RSIC is dated 9/12/2011, yet my written
demands and requests for such discovery and documentation were met with refusals to
provide such materials, and, in some case, claims that your office did not even have such
materials and would not get them until after the arraignment. Further, I spoke with and
provided written requests to RSIC Sargent Avansino within 2 days after the arrest and he
refused to provide the materials, as did the Reno Municipal Court. Please alert the court
to any wrongdoing on your's or the Reno City Attorney or the RSIC part in this regard in
prejudicing my ability to defend my case by delaying the production of essential
discovery, then refusing to agree to a continuance at trial, after earlier providing a
written agreement to such a continuance.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
are not the intended recipient or an ag ent responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, y ou are hereby notified
6 of 7 12/12/2011 4:21 PM
00755

7 of 7 12/12/2011 4:21 PM
00756

Nevada Court Services - Attorney Page 1 of 2
The following Attorney is associated with and highly recommended by Nevada Court Services
" Serving the People of Nevada"
Lewis S. Taitel
Attorney at Law
475 S. Arlington Suite 1A
Reno, Nevada 89501
(775) 322-2272
Fax: (775) 348-7977
Disclaimer: " The State Bar of Nevada does not certify any lawyer as a specialist or expert.."
Criminal Law - DUI Defense - Personal Injury
Property Law - Collections - Divorce - Civil Law
Adoption - Family Law
Nevada Attorney Directory
Nevada Court Services
475 So. Arlington Suite 1A
Reno, Nevada 89501
(775) 348-7560
(Toll Free) 800-570-5583
Fax: (775) 348-7977
Email: nevcs@nevcs.com
http://www.nevcs.com/attorney.html 12/12/2011
00757

Nevada Court Services - Attorney Page 2 of 2
Copyright 1997-2011 - Nevada Court Services - All Rights Reserved
http://www.nevcs.com/attorney.html 12/12/2011
00758
which I believe is still set for trial on November 14th, I think at I pm. I am
sometime within about the last 10 days, I would say. I believe I attempted to
copy you on it, but have recently been evicted and its been a very difficult
time in terms of coordinating paperwork, etc., etc. I apologize for any
inconvenience this may have cause you. I am unsure of whether the
November 14th trial is still set to take place. I believe fairness dictates that it
be continued to a later date. I have request counsel but have yet to receive
any, or wait, I was denied a request to receive counsel because Judge Howard
said there is not a 6th amendment right to counsel where, even though jail
time is technically a possibility, the state does not anticipate seeking jail
time ... or something like that, however, I found some cases that say I should
still get counsel appointed, especially where I show I am indigent, and I
believe I qualify as indigent rather easily. Can and would you agree to a
continuance? I believe I tried to contact about this prior to filing my Request
for a Continuance. I maintain my innocence in this case and feel any sort of
conviction, especially one involving any sort of theft based charge, would
work a terrible injustice and greatly damage my reputation and employment
prospects. I want a jury trial, too.
Sincerely,
Windows Live Hotmail Print Message http://by148w.bay148.mail.live.com/mail/PrintMessages.aspx?cpids=dd...
Sent: Fri 11/11/11 1:40 AM
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
00759
privilege.
Sent: Wed 11/16/11 3:35 PM

Thank You,

00760
Date: Mon, 14 Nov 2011 10:36:45 -0800
case.
Date: Fri, 11 Nov 2011 01:40:53 -0800
00761

Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
Sent: Wed 11/16/11 5:30 PM
00762

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
Licensed in Nevada
privilege.
Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 17:12:21 -0800
copies of all the reports and witness statements and video we may have on this case. Since I am not calling any
additional witnesses that are not already mentioned in the reports/statements, I am not obligated to send you
an additional list of witnesses. I am also not obligated to do any further investigation or interviews. Pam
Roberts.
00763
Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 15:35:48 -0800

Thank You,

Date: Mon, 14 Nov 2011 10:36:45 -0800
confirmation from the Court that your trial date has been continued, you will need to appear this afternoon at
1:00 pm in Courtroom B of the Reno Municipal Court. We can discuss your case further at that time and if we
a misdemeanor case.
00764
Date: Fri, 11 Nov 2011 01:40:53 -0800
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
00765

Sent: Thu 11/17/11 3:37 PM
Dear Ms. Roberts,
Sincerely,
Zach
Sent: Mon 11/21/11 1:05 PM
Sincerely,
00766

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
Licensed in Nevada
privilege.
Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2011 07:40:44 -0800
may want to view it at the City Attorney's Office as the CD doesn't seem to work on everyone's computer. Penie
Colter will be able to assist you. I am not clear on what you think my duty is, but I know what my duty is and I
will not debate it via email. Pam Roberts, Deputy City Attorney.
Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 17:30:36 -0800
00767

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
Licensed in Nevada
Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 17:12:21 -0800
copies of all the reports and witness statements and video we may have on this case. Since I am not calling
any additional witnesses that are not already mentioned in the reports/statements, I am not obligated to send
you an additional list of witnesses. I am also not obligated to do any further investigation or interviews. Pam
Roberts.
00768
Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 15:35:48 -0800

Thank You,

Date: Mon, 14 Nov 2011 10:36:45 -0800
confirmation from the Court that your trial date has been continued, you will need to appear this afternoon
at 1:00 pm in Courtroom B of the Reno Municipal Court. We can discuss your case further at that time and
a misdemeanor case.
00769
Date: Fri, 11 Nov 2011 01:40:53 -0800
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
00770
18 U.S.C. 2510-2521, and may contain confidential information intended for the specified individual (s) only. If
you are not the intended recipient or an agent responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, you are hereby
notified that you have received this document in error and that any review, dissemination, copying, or the taking of
any action based on the contents of this information is strictly prohibited. This message is confidential, intended
exempt from disclosure under applicable law. If you are not the intended recipient(s), you are notified that
named recipient(s), please notify the sender, delete this e-mail from your computer, and destroy any copies
in any form immediately. Receipt by anyone other than the named recipient(s) is not a waiver of any

Sent: Mon 11/21/11 4:06 PM

00771
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
817 N. Virginia St., Unit # 2
Reno, NY 89501
phone as well and refusing to allow me to access any mail that may remain at
the property from those times when the USPS was processing my official
was granted or not. I called Judge Howard's assistant and requested that she
will allow me to receive those materials at my number 9496677402, though
I would prefer email, but I know many governmental entities prefer to fax
such items. I am requesting a jury trial, a substantial continuance, and the
appointment of counsel. I object to the RMC's practice of refusing to tell
litigants who the 4 "house" appointed defenders are upon questioning.
Further, it has become clear that some of these "former prosecutors" who are
now the gang of four "house" defenders, do not even announce to accused
arraignees that they are, in fact, the defender or an attorney or that they may
be representing the arraignees. I am hereby filing a motion in limine
regarding any materials or information gleaned from the unlawful search by
the RSIC Officer, who clearly announced that they would base their probable
cause to arrest and conduct a search incident to arrest upon any failure to
consent to a search by the accused. Further, the alleged conduct did not
occur in the Officer's presence, and I believe there exists authority preventing
a minor misdemeanor arrest and transport under those circumstances.
Additionally, more time is needed to conduct discovery in this matter,
especially in light of allegations that Walmart had previously threatened
individuals, including, perhaps, the accused, with retaliatory action, including
illicit abuse of process, for the purported attempts by someone to have the
00772
Zach Coughlin
privilege.
Sent: Mon 11/21/11 7:18 PM
00773

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
Licensed in Nevada
privilege.
Date: Mon, 14 Nov 2011 10:36:45 -0800
case.
00774
Date: Fri, 11 Nov 2011 01:40:53 -0800
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
00775

Sent: Mon 11/21/11 8:40 PM
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
Licensed in Nevada
00776
F I L E D
Electronically
02-24-2012:08:22:49 AM
Clerk of the Court
EXHIBIT 1
EXHIBIT 1
00777
FIRST CONTINUATION OF
FIRST CONTINUATION OF

privilege.
Re: temporary address change and instruction to pursue a continuance
From: Ken Howard (HowardK@reno.gov)
Sent: Tue 11/22/11 7:01 AM
To: Zach Coughlin (zachcoughlin@hotmail.com); robertsp@reno.gov
Mr. Zach Coughlin
There is an appropriate manner in which to tender "motions" to the court. They are to be properly
prepared and filed. Do not use this e-mail address to communicate directly with the judge.
Ken Howard
Reno Municipal Court Judge
Department 4
(775) 326-6673
To: <howardk@reno.gov>, <robertsp@reno.gov>
Date: Mon, 21 Nov 2011 16:06:32 -0800
Subject: temporary address change and instruction to pursue a continuance
00778
hearing/trial, I cannot even access when that hearing is. I have informed
opposing counsel Roberts of some of the issues which will require extensive
discovery, a jury trial, and more time to afford myself a legitimate
opportunity to defend this case. I have not been served any Order
responding to my request for appointment of counsel, as I believe it is
required even if the State does not "intend" to seekjail time, where any
incarceration is a possibility, the Sixth Amendment guarantees it.
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
817 N. Virginia St., Unit # 2
Reno, NV 89501
phone as well and refusing to allow me to access any mail that may remain
at the property from those times when the USPS was processing my official
was granted or not. I called Judge Howard's assistant and requested that she
will allow me to receive those materials at my number 9496677402,
though I would prefer email, but I know many governmental entities prefer
to fax such items. I am requesting a jury trial, a substantial continuance,
and the appointment of counsel. I object to the RMC's practice of refusing
to tell litigants who the 4 "house" appointed defenders are upon
questioning. Further, it has become clear that some of these "former
prosecutors" who are now the gang of four "house" defenders, do not even
announce to accused arraignees that they are, in fact, the defender or an
attorney or that they may be representing the arraignees. I am hereby filing
a motion in limine regarding any materials or information gleaned from the
unlawful search by the RSIC Officer, who clearly announced that they
would base their probable cause to arrest and conduct a search incident to
00779
Zach Coughlin
on the contents of this information is strictly prohibited. This message is confidential, intended only for the named recipient(s)
and may contain information that is privileged, attorney work product or exempt from disclosure under applicable law. If you are
not the intended recipient(s), you are notified that any disclosure, copying, distribution or any action taken or omitted to be taken in
reliance on the contents of this information is prohibited and may be unlawful. If you receive this message in error, or are not the
named recipient(s), please notify the sender, delete this e-mail from your computer, and destroy any copies in any form immediately.
Receipt by anyone other than the named recipient(s) is not a waiver of any attorney-client, work product, or other applicable
privilege.

00780

Sent: Tue 11/29/11 1:33 PM
Dear Ms. Roberts,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
00781

privilege.
Date: Tue, 22 Nov 2011 07:59:37 -0800
court date, I have told you that you can come to our office and view the video. If you still want a copy, I
the video available to you. Pam Roberts, Deputy City Attorney.
Date: Mon, 21 Nov 2011 13:05:28 -0800
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
Licensed in Nevada
00782

Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2011 07:40:44 -0800
may want to view it at the City Attorney's Office as the CD doesn't seem to work on everyone's computer.
Penie Colter will be able to assist you. I am not clear on what you think my duty is, but I know what my duty
is and I will not debate it via email. Pam Roberts, Deputy City Attorney.
Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 17:30:36 -0800
00783

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
Licensed in Nevada
Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 17:12:21 -0800
to copies of all the reports and witness statements and video we may have on this case. Since I am not
calling any additional witnesses that are not already mentioned in the reports/statements, I am not
obligated to send you an additional list of witnesses. I am also not obligated to do any further investigation
or interviews. Pam Roberts.
Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 15:35:48 -0800
00784

Thank You,

Date: Mon, 14 Nov 2011 10:36:45 -0800
confirmation from the Court that your trial date has been continued, you will need to appear this
afternoon at 1:00 pm in Courtroom B of the Reno Municipal Court. We can discuss your case further at
so the Court is not required to appoint you an attorney. In addition, you have no right to a jury trial in
a misdemeanor case.
Date: Fri, 11 Nov 2011 01:40:53 -0800
00785
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
775 338 8118
00786

Sent: Tue 11/29/11 3:14 PM
1 attachment
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
00787
privilege.

Date: Tue, 22 Nov 2011 17:22:45 -0800

Zach Coughlin,
6:49 mark
Sent: Sun 12/04/11 3:37 AM
00788

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
00789
6:49 mark
Sent: Sun 12/04/11 3:45 AM

00790
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.

Date: Sun, 4 Dec 2011 03:37:24 -0800
00791

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
6:49 mark
00792
Sent: Sun 12/04/11 4:05 AM
00793
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
00794
privilege.
discovery request;
Sent: Wed 12/07/11 1:16 AM

00795

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
Sent: Thu 12/08/11 3:44 PM
00796

Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
00797

privilege.
Date: Wed, 7 Dec 2011 07:34:25 -0800
Thank you,
Chris
City of Reno
Tel: 326-6628
Fax: 334-4226
Date: Wed, 7 Dec 2011 01:48:03 -0800
00798

correspondences, or media in any way connected to the trespass case against me for which
Lew Taitel was apparently my court appointed attorney, but whom no longer is. Further, I
wish to be copied on everything past and present in any way related to this matter until
and after I procure another attorney. I did not agree to the continuance you sought, nor
was I informed you were seeking it. I find it particularly troubling that a continuance was
granted in the trespass case to the same man who is applying an unlawful rent distraint on
both my client files, personal property, AND THE EXCLUPATING EVIDENCE I NEED
SUBORNING THE PERJURY OF RSIC OFFICER KAMERON CRAWFORD.
be "page 1" followed by pages without that heading...then a heading with "page 4" etc... I
want the entire contents of anything provided by the RSIC and Walmart to you or anyone
connected with the Reno City Attorney or the Reno Municipal Court. Further, I want all
media provided by Walmart, and I question why you needed 45 minutes with the three
witness who testified at the November 30th, 2011 trial, from 1pm to 1:45pm.
Further, I spoke with you, Mr. Hazlett-Stevens, shortly after the September 9, 2011 arrest
in this matter demanding a copy of all documentation or discovery that I had any right to.
I was told I would not have any opportunity to review such materials prior to the
arraignment, which was not set for a full 30 days out from the arrest. Do I not have a
right to a copy of the pc sheet, arrest report, and witness statements within 48 hours of the
arrest? The fax to your office from the RSIC is dated 9/12/2011, yet my written demands
and requests for such discovery and documentation were met with refusals to provide such
materials, and, in some case, claims that your office did not even have such materials and
would not get them until after the arraignment. Further, I spoke with and provided written
requests to RSIC Sargent Avansino within 2 days after the arrest and he refused to provide
the materials, as did the Reno Municipal Court. Please alert the court to any wrongdoing
on your's or the Reno City Attorney or the RSIC part in this regard in prejudicing my
00799

ability to defend my case by delaying the production of essential discovery, then refusing
to agree to a continuance at trial, after earlier providing a written agreement to such a
continuance.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
not the intended recipient or an agent responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, y ou are hereby notified that
00800
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CQ,\IP' !,INT
,.
COM[ )';OWS. XAVIER \I FLOli""ORY. PIOlnliffl>cr<,n . .oo foo- h"uus< of
,
Dofrnd.nl W.IMOI1 S,o,..., In<, (HcmnoRa 'W.I Mort") LI ... Arl<.nsas
(:0'1'" ... ,000 Guahrted (0 >Odoct boo,,,,, .. in the Slale .... ho .. "'il"\tft to 16 U.S.C.A. 9I)(4)(11
)
Thi. action" .. "",I "",ion g,'or" h",b III" Coon 1= ongma' JuriodLction und ... l'

00812

I
U.s.Co UU, I nd i. """ ",hleh may brought In thi. C,,"" by PI.m,dr pU' ,",,"1 to tho
I"'\>vi"o.,. of 18 U..c. 1141(6) to "'at" j " <]Vi! ""on "",w..." cot,,,,,,. of d,ff<ral'
.,.le. and tho m.o!l .. in (;t,/",o,' ... y ... <'Odo the sum ofSll.OOO . .. ,I .. ",. of mIOfCS' and
,
A, 011 time. mal<riol ""'<to. SlH:lby Sm,1h " ... n <rnplorofo.:rmd ... , IV.IMan
g,Of'<S, I"", .00 tl>< ac,;on. of Shelby Sooth II Imputed 10 llefrndam IV.I M.rt Stores, Inc
"r><I<t the OOctrinc of R"f'<>I'd.ar s..".,;""
0.. 01 oIut hnuary 6, 2004. PI ... uffhad, check wn""" offoe .. looN checklllg
lIoun, ",=led In p' )'''.'' <>f """"hatJdi ., Wol Man Store S'J4 10<"00 or
Pavlll ,OO Par);, ... y. F.yeI1 .. ill<. G<otgj. by ... unknoWllloo i.idu, 1.

Shortly aIIer "",.;ving ootic<lI from SunTru'1 Ihnk ,hal ..,,,,,.1 ol>b hod bn
written off oflu. closed ,hocking accoont, Plaintiff nlod ' "",," with ,bo AUIUlI. Pohce
llepMmenl In )on""JI. 2004 .. ",el , .. . 11 .hut- cred" ,"""",ns "8'-"'<, .... T<le-Cbo<k ' nd
,he f od<nl T , .... Comm ... ion to .,1;"" ,h. 1 """'eo .. had ""ion PI .. " I, If". idon", y mJ "' ..
hi. dosed checkIng ",,""".1 to mol<. p"",huos al>wl whieh !'I".toff ... yna,.. .....
,
In Ami. 200< ft., ''''''''''''"K pllon< o. iI. f""" Ll< fendM,. PI,,",,/T
. I,,,ed WoIMan S_ 'OU )"".led .. 115 P,villi"" Patk .... y. FaY""."lIo. ,n onkf
to advise [)fendM' U>a! hI< 'doIl,ily ond el>e<k'n, aw><Jnf had !>ten .Men.
00813

I
Whl'e .. <he W.I-M .... 51'''' in Foy<1to"]Io. PI'LnlltTf>R'><I"oo Dtr<roj.",
w"h (hell ./lid. ".1. polic. ..... 0'''''' do<Ometl'''K>II n:gani,"<l ,"" II>< fi 0 fh., idon" It
and <10K<! <hkini .<,,,,"", and w., "hi ...... before lcovillj Def<ndal1t ', W.HIV1 .. _
Ih" 'he maHa hod bern '10, 011 0"", of',

00 or ohoo, Jun< 14.1005 Plli .. ,ff",as arn>too andJ .. led on I .... Fa) ..... C(HIDIy J.il
.fter "->smJ1 for h" IItI'es! h:oJ I>n '''''0" 0"' by Sh<lby Sm'''' . .. """'" for Dd<r<laru
Wol M .... for. M<l chock "";1,.., by .... unlmo.," h,oj,Vl<iUM U'LnM Pllim,W.dooed ch<cl:
&coo,,", Sun r",,, &01<,
'"
0.. or oboul $lid dak, PI.mllrr ,,-.. w""'lIfullydCl.",ed and ,rnpriooncd ... ",,".1, of
W.IMart ston: employe< Shelby Smllh. """" thon 00< Y""- alia PI. mlilI had Informed
W.I.\1 .... !hat h" i<l<rttity ODd checking ooonl had born ,""len. ond .11.,. .'''''111 been
O<I,i .... by W.I M.ut SIOr< No. on r'ycll",',II<. C.cor8" ,hal ,he Issue oftbc cbock
",rin." to W.,j .'larI S,"'" No. In F.yet'ev,lIo, Georg.. on January 4. 2()04 h", b<=
1 ... oC .... of'.
Pllintiff w .. f.lsely impnllOned ... "","It of the 00 .. ,100:' of WolM ....
Sholby Sm,lh aoo W. I Man .. prol'ld<'tl by O.C.G.A. !l J ,. 7_1D
"
PI';"lIff w .. "",,';1>1 ... hilt "'""""" '" til< County l .. 1 an<l
.... f...,,,, 1."lOg til< ";d J.il, tv,," t",,"gh II< hod "'" tomm;tII any orim<.
00814

I
Aft", Plaintiff had ,"fonned Defondant """ "" jdrnhly ",d checkbook hoO
"olen on<! prav_ til ... with <Io<lby Smith, ,...,<. "'ooT2Ol f",,1>e PI.intifr. "had no p_'e
cause to <10 $0,
"
A res" I. of the W>nVl' , ... ed ...,., ... , PI.lntl rr by 11'.1 Man, PI", "tlrr ,,'as
and transported to JaJl "Ilrn: he "'.., Lmpruor><:O apI"" Ill. " " II.
"
Defend"", ea.>ed wit""", .,..,.".,10 =a<.
"
Otfendanl ult",woly >oc,ud<d ,hot PI';miffhood rIO! '" H crime
bod <hock",," <!<PO'" ":>"01 froed .... the <harges 0jI0,"" PI.",,,rr wil,en hod """"
Oroogh som" hIm by Oo:f<oo.", W<:f h .m,1I>Cd ""' .... 1 months aft.,.
warn'" ,ok.., out for Plam,ifr .,.,. ...
"
00(,.-.:1"", ",.IMan i, liable'" Plai"hlT (Of ",.hoioo. r""""",ioo punUlll' [0
O.CG...!. f $1740.
"
A .. teSlll, oflbo .-..1""1 of DofC'ld"", W.IMart md ito cmploJ'<"'. r", !>jell ,t t.
vocariou.<ly hable, Ptam,jff .... ITem:! m""W I"i " ood O/l&Il"h.
00815

I
"
i
damages punu.." 'Q O.C.(i.A. 1/111.1 ,
1
Pll.Ln"rr <Ilt"illlg PI.lIluffto d.mogo> ptI"""'" to D.e. G.<. 51/14
""t>CM3l)' ,roubl .nd e>:penS< 1'.".>11' to D.C.G.<. /1611.
A """I, of P, .. "tlff, f.I.., ....... PlaJ""f(hod to 1"'y.1>of>c! 'n orOer to >uro hi.
I ..... from j . il
!Or. bond in <>r<Iu 10 """ure h" ro)""" &om jail
Pta;n'ilfprly:l,
00816

. Th.aJ. proc ... 'u< ,n ,.. j,h . ... ,
h. Thai ,II< Court ' IO!lfIi) wgmet1! in ( .. ",of"", PIOInurr as>m .. Ocfeodant fOf
.. own in ... om""'" by 11I<<nlightmod coo",,,,,,",. of .... JUry fOt
faJ", , mph..",m",' and r.i .. arre., .. by O.C.GoA. f 5/_7.16.
. ThOllh.C""" on [,...".or"", Plom"rrand "8'''''' IJef"", .. ,
foro .u.m on an """"'nl "clammed bylhe: cnhghtmoO 000""= "fthe j ury
for m,I;"OOIO' _ ",ion ",,""Of" to o.C.GA. f
d. ThOl th.C""" m [" worth. PI . ... u lT_ >pn .. Defend . ..
(Of . .... 'M .., ..,..,.,", dd<tmi ...... by ,he <nliih"'_ eonsd<n<e of the: jury
[0' iJUur)' ,<> 110. ""..,.,. ..... """ f""hnp of Ph 'nlon' pm.wot ",
O.C.G.A. 51_11-4:
11 .. , ,"'Coon awon;! j wgrr\<n' on f, vor of Ii>< PI'; hli IT _ Og> 'Ill' I)cfcndam
[ ... . sum in ... IUOOWlt dcl.muo<d by tho <0"",,,= ofth. )ury
for PURl"" d. m"l!es P",,"on' to O.CGA. 5111$. ] ,
f. T/ut!he Coun' WaN)udSOKnto" ["ororth< PI ... tolT and "I!""" o"fend>n'
[or , urn on an .mow" d<1etmin<d by the ... lightrnod OONe,<I\C< of In, I ury
for wl"OOjIfidly ","v'"i PI, muff .=,,,od w!"ch 'j",,<d tho po)"ro.," for
bond (01 PI. ""j{f, "'I .... from )" 1.
11w , he: Coon aword )udgment; n f,,,,, ofoll< PI.m" If and n" /)c f.od<onl
for .. ,urn ,n OIl """"ht by II>< "''');hl<D<d """""en: o[ll><) ur)'
for .. """ I 0." _ .. .\<at.iood by PI" .. ,",
h ThaI PI ... ,;IT"" . .... ><d<d IN I""-)udgm"" .n ........
Th .. PI.,"" ITh< .... orded .-.uonable'UQn\oyf=.
I
00817
F I L E D
Electronically
02-24-2012:08:22:49 AM
Clerk of the Court
EXHIBIT 1
EXHIBIT 1
00818
SECOND CONTINUATION OF
SECOND CONTINUATION OF

ISO Io"'rst"'c North p.rrway
Suil.I IS
All.", . Georii' JO)J9
(710) 9)) 1946
(10) 9JJ84S5 Fox
CIAKTON & ClAXTON, I.lC
G""'l!" $ .. ", &r 1'0. 2J60SI
Anornoj'S (or PI.ml,ff
00819
11 cr 22176 2I
x
J udge Howar d
" El l i s" or " J ohn" , Cust omer Ser vi ce Manager or ASM W. 7t h St . Wal mar t 89503
November 30,
2011
1pm
Zach Coughl i n
29t h
November
2011
00820

UNITED STATES DiSTRICr COURT
EASTF.RN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION
JAMES M. SWEENEY
IndividWlHy Wld on Behalf of Similarly
Situated Persons
271 W. Saratoga Stn:et
Ferndale, Mithigan 48220
"d
LAURA SILVERI,
Individually Wld on DelU!Jf of Simi lar I)'
Si tUilled Persons
271 W, Sar:atoga SU\.'CI
Ferndale, Mithigan 48220
llR1GID MARIA SILVERI SWEENIlY
271 W. Saratoga
Ferndale, Michigan 48220
,,'"
JA..'1ET EGGEN AS GlJARmAN AND
NI:XT r RIE.. 'lD OF MINOR CHILL)
S.F:.
21 Mill ington Rood
Pleasant Ridge, Michigan 48069
Plaintiffs,
VS,
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
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)
)
r r.DIlRA TED RETAIL HOLDINGS, INC. )
Individually lind As SUCCCllsort in lntcrest to)
THEMA Y DEI'ARTMENT STORES CO. )
C/O THE CORPORATION mUST CO. )
30600 Telegmph RillId )
Binllhoun MI4802S )
)
)
)
CLASS AC!' ION cmlPLAINT
(.Iury Demand [."lflNed UeniD)
2:06-cv-10887-GCS-VMM Doc #1 Filed 02/28/06 Pg 1 of 19 Pg ID 1
00821

MAY DErARTMNT STORES CO. )
C/O TH CORPORATION COMPANY )
30600 Tclegnph ROItd )
Binllnum Fann!. MI4802S )
wd
FEDERATE!) DEPARTMENT
STORE INCORPORATED
C/O TI-IE CORPORATION COM PANY
30600 Telegraph Road
R,n8ham Farms. MI 4K025
"d
PALMER, REIFLI.lR AND
ASSOCIATF.S, PA.
I!KJO Swnmit Tower Illvd.
Suite 820
Orlando, }'" Iorida n81 0
Defendunls .
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
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)
)
Plaintiff. by and Ibrough ooullsel, 1I1kgt!s tile followinll IXIsed Oil inrormation and
belief:
T. THE
1) James M. Sweeney and Lauru SIlveri an: adult \:i lizens and havt been
residents ofFnndalo MichiGlln for more titan , ix months. They lire the parents of
B.M.S.S.
2) Rrigid Sweeney is lin adul t citizen and has been resident or Ferndale Michisan for
mOlli than six months.
3) Plaintifl' Janet Eggen is the lIuardian and next of liiends of the minor child S.E.,
lind a resident of tile Siale o[Michigan for more lhun si x nlonthJ.
2
00822

4) On Sunday. February 27, 200S, B r.I.S.S. "'iI$ a mil>Of child, age seventeen (11)
who .... 'l1S not emancipated. S.E .. was u minor chi ld, age si.'(lecn (16), on February 27,
2006 and was a1:;o unemancipated.
S) Defendant Federated Relni I Holdings, Inc., a torpor-diun org:anizcd
the hlW$ of the Stale of New York and principal place ofbusine5S in the
SIDIC ofOhia.
6) DdmoJant May ()cpartment SIOres is a company ollP"li;ctd pursuant to
the Iawl of the Slnte York and maintains its prineip.d pl3CC of in tile
State of Ohio,
7) Defendant Federated Department Stores, Inc., a corporation orsanizcd pUrsUWlt
\0 the laws of the State and Maintains its princiJl1 pl ace of business in the
Slaleo[Ohio.
8) nefendanl Fc.icratcd Retail Iioidings, 11l(; . The May I..lepartmcnl SWrc$ Company
and Federated Dcpal'tlll(nl Inc., 01'" their Succcssurs-in-intcrcst (herrinafkr wRelai l
Defendants') have in this State. andlor have dolle and arc doing business in this
State.
9) The Retail Dcfendanl.'l do in this Slatc WIder the "trade namc" of lord
8ud Taylor.
10) The Retail Vdcndant s OWI1 Wldlor a Lord & Taylor retail within the
Twelve Oaks Mall located at 27650 Novi Road, Nmi. MI48377.
11) Palmer, Rcificr And As.sot"iales, P.A. is a law firm which milintains its principal
pillCe ofbl15ineSlJ in lhe SIafC of"'lorida.
3
00823

12) Odtndanl !'ahner, And 1'.1\. have ugenl! in this StoIc, and/or
have done and PTe doi ng business ill this State.
U. NATURE OF IHF, ACTION
I J) On Sum!ay. february 27, 2005. B.M.S.S. , S.L and another 'Oung IlId)' entered the
Lord and Taylor retail store within the TwrJ\"c Mall loc:m:d at 27650 Nov! Road,
Ncw; , M14837711l approximately 5:30p.m.
14) Thi$ [W1.kular Lord and Taylor retail Stoll: upon infonnUlion and beliefis referred
to:l.!I store number 211.
15) Placed dllOUghoul the Lcrd and Taylur retail store numho!r 28. are numerous
video cnmer;cl u.sed for sUrYci lhmt.:e of persons entering its facility.
16) Shortly after emerinl! the Lord and Tllylor slorc, I}.M,S.S. , S.I::. and the other
youniliady were stopped and qucstiolKd 8 missing p:air of sunglll:>#$. Within
five minUlCS of questioning, aU girls \\1:re physically removed to a hack room
within the Lord BJld Tuylor by /I mille J;eCUfity persoJUlel employed by I..(lTd and
I Bylor lUld!or iu IIffiliated parent <;;ompanics.
17) The "back room" is completely isolated froln the retail sp.1.Ce nf the Lord lind
TllylOf store.
18) Within the "back room" was one wooden bIlnch. Sccun:d to the \vooden bench
"-;0:; II ci rcular bar extcnded the length Orlhe seal o!' ''''nch and revealed hamkulfs
8nached thereto.
\9) Upon immediate que:;lioni ng by the male sc<:urity personnel, the third girl ,
accompanying RS.S. and S.E., admilled fO raking !hi: sunglasses and placing Ihe1n within
her purse.
4
00824

20) Follnwing lhis admissirln. U.M.S.S, and S denied knowledge oflhc other
young lady's aclivity and inn,h'emcnt ",im the unlawful taking of the sunglasses.
21) Despite the immediate pdmission oflhc third b<irl, the unlawf .. 1 detention
continued and all three yaun}! lud,e,<; "''Cre physically scas.:bed and thei r cxaminC'll
by the !lCcurity pt"f$Onnel.
22) No further owned by Lord and Taylor were discovered by the securi ty
persoMCI.
23) J.)cspile 10 the surveill ance video, no review of the tape was made.
24) l)cspitc an immediate and ckar admission ofguili by the other young adult, the
Lord and Taylor security personnel corninued 10 bcl1lte B.M.S.S. and S.c.
25) Despite the denial by S.E. and R.M.S.S. of any knowJed!,lc "rlhe activity
ex in\'o]vcmcnt .... ith 11K lWlilwful taking of tilt: the security pcrSOllnc:] at the
l .\lTd and Taylor retai l store, continued 10 threaten them with arm\.
26) Do::spite a ckar admission of guih by tho:: Mhcr youni: pt:riiOn; liIld tho:: lack of
further items disoo\'cn:d after II complete 5emh orilleir pcrr.on und their properly; and
' he <knial by S,C. and A.M.S.S., of knowledge young: lildy' s criminal a<:tivityand
invol"tmo;,nt with lhe unlawful taking oflhc sunglas5CS, tbr pcrsonnd at the Lord
nod $ton;, continued to inlproperly coerce S.1::, and R,M.SS. (or the:tOle
pUrpo5C of obtaining confessions both orally and in "'Titing. Said conduct was unlawful
and m;llicious.
27) Despite the close proximity o(the ston: to the local police no phone call
or I'C'pon COndllCl WilS made for more than thrC(: houO' and the \lnluwl'ul
impnsonmcnt continued throughout Ibis lime j'Klriod.
,
00825

28) With tolal as the d osing Uf lh" stem! and the aile of thcl minors. 8.M.5.S
and S.I:. denie<.i any access \0 the usc or lhe;r phones or the store phones for
me, expreo;s p,u"J'Iosc of notification ofparenls. In fact, several phone calls from the girls'
paml15 were l1lIWe thai day during (he unla"fu] period of delcnti on, which were
id.."I\lificd on Inc cellar calls from the parentt;, which wt rc unazu .... 'CmI by girls
a\ cxpres;; direction of Defendants.
29) Upon arrival of the police, approximately three hours later, wTd and Taylor's
sUI"\'ci l1 an<.:e vidoolapc was reviewed and R.M.S.S. and S.E. were released.
)0) No criminal charges were fIItd 8.M.S S. or 5.1:::. nor ... their
substantiation of any criminalucl ivily on [he part orD.M.5.S. and S.I:::. determined hy the
local police.
31) Shonly aner, un March 2&, 2005. James M. Sweeney and Laura M. Si lvcri
Sweeney rectived . Ietler from Defendant !'almer, Reiner iUMJ P,A .. on behalf
on,oro and Taylor.
]2) !)cfend:1l1! Palmer, Reifler amI P.A.'s, lener of March 28, 2005 sou!;ht
civi l dilmages;n tho! amount of $200.00 or Deromr.lant Pal mer, Reiner and Aswciato!s,
p ,A., threatened that II civil action would be pursued againsltflt,m fnr [he incident of
February 27, 2005, involving [hei r ullugli[er 8 .M.S.S
33) Shortly aft!!r, e n March 28, 2005. Janel Ellgen re<:eivcd a letter from Defendant
Palmer, Reiner lind P,A., on behalf of Lord and Taylor.
34) Defendant PIllmer, and Associates, ".A:s,lnter or March 211, 2005 to
Janet J::gsen alse sought ti\"it !.1amages In Ih!! &moun! ofS200,OO or Ikfendan[ Palmer.
6
00826

Kei fl cr II./ld Associates. P.A., threatened that II civii lCtion would be pursued against ItCT
for the incidt."l'l! of February 27, 200S her daughter S.I::.
35) f'lainli lT Janet Eggen recolivcd II second letter from Oefcndnnt Palmer. Reilh:r and
".A., on bt-h:1lf of Lord WId Taylor daled M3Y 2. 2005 which IIl1ain threatened
lcaa] action.
36) Further. lhe second leller of May 2, 2005 10 Jlloel Eggen !;Ought civil
damages in the fUllOunt of $435.00 fur the February 27, 2005 <kspilE: the lad of criminal
wrongdoing on the part of her millor child.
III. JlJRISDICTION ANI) VENUF.
37) This subject mallcr jurisdi ction PUf)l lJani to The Cl ass Act ion Faimc5s
Ac\ of200S.
38) I.)cfendanl:j do substantial in the SUllol of Michit!l"' n. advertise in the State
of Michigan, and have received substantial compcruatin" and profit:; from rellliJ sales in
the Stille Ilr r.,lichigan. IIJId h;l\'c engaged in tortuous conduct io tM Stat..., of MichigilIl.
39) Venue proper in this pursuant (0 211 U.S.C. 1391. Namtd plaintiffs
n:ceived lett('TS tllBt form (he Oasis of this hmW;1 in !he Slate of Michigan; they n:side in
the Sl:Ite of Michigan.
IV. CLASS ACriON d U .EGA'fIONS
40) Plaintiffs reav...,r and reaJ!ege e;!Ch and eve!)' a1leKatiOll set forth in one:
(J) through thirty-nine (39) as fully rewriU...,n herein.
41) I'lailllifT\! hnng this class for pursuant to Ftd, eiv, R. 23 on behalf
of 9 class ("C!IIlIS") as defUled lIS rollows:
7
00827

All persons woo: ( I) have had not bttn subject oh formal police report
filed ",ith lI. il'lCai Law enforcement agency " hich that thai penon
has commilted retail fraud in the first.. second Of Lhird degree or \- iolated II.
local ordinance corresponding to 21 M, 356, 3S&:, or
3,6d oflbc Michigan penal 1931 PA 328 MCl 750.21 S, 750.356,
750.3S6c, and 750.356<1 and (2) have recei,'oo a written demand tTom or
on behalf uf any retail $torc owned or oJ)('rated by LJcielldRllt
Retail Holdings, Inc., Individu;llly and As Sueeessor:s in Interest to The
May Dcpanmcnt Stort5, including oot not lintited Lord ;md Taylor
seeking payment oflbe civil in accordance with Section
600.2953( I) of the Revised Judicature Act of 1961
42) I'hlintiffs nre memberll of the Clus tocy seel; 10 repre:;enL I Jpon infonnlltiOfl nnd
beliet; plaintilTs toc number of individuals in the Class is so that
joinder is imprilCticable. The exact number of Class member>; currently unknown at
this time Imd can be only through appropriate diS(:(>very. Clus members may
be identifiable from records maint",;ned by Defendant Federated Rdail Holdingl, Inc.,
Defendant Fedemlt:d Department Stores Inc., Defendant "The May Dcpartment SlOres,
Il!1d Defendant Paimer, Rci!1er and Associates, P.A.
43) Class is Ilpproptilltc because theR' lire qlJellt;oM o( law Of (IU:t
common to the Class which predominate over any questions affecting only individual
membt". These qucstions include:
a. Whether Defendants (ailed to investigal" and determine whether or
not a person was subject of a ronnal police rcpon
filed with a Ivcallaw enforcement whkh allt&es that that
person ha.s commitkd retail fnaud in the first. second or third
degree or violali:d a local ordinance substantially cnrresponding to
section 218. 356, 3S6c, or 356d orthe Michigan renal code. 1931
,
00828

PA 328 MeL 750.218, 750.356, 750.3S6c. IUld 7S0.35M prior 10
"'Titlen deman<ls to ""Tson or legal guardians.
b. Whether complied with Secti on 600. 2953 urlhe
Revised Judicature Atl of 1961.
c. Whether defendllllls reed , ed monetary benefits unlay,fully as a
result <) f violating Section 6OO.29530fthe Rcvistd Judicature Act
of 1961.
d. Whether defendants IIJt Hable for of funds received
un\ay,fuJly, inlerts! on the funds Wllawfully re\."C."ived, (morneys
fee, paid by the legal or persons who mil)' ha\e had to
seck legal advice and services w; a res ult of receiving a demand
leller from Defendants. negative credit reporting for the failllI'!: to
pay the alleged debt. dlUTlagcs for the emMionai distress upon
or !cgaJlluardians of minors IU'lII for l>efendanls'
v,rongful C(lnduCl all eged herein;
e, Whether defendants were negligent, reckl ess, malicious or acted in
lIugrant ,jiSft'gllTd Of plaintiffs' rights 8I\d the ri llhlS of the Class
members plaintifU seck to in faili ng to in\'estigate and
determinc whcdtcr Defendant "''liS entitl ll 1<1 demand civil darrrullt'S
!ll!,ainst Plaintiffs lind the Class members plaintiffs seck to
convening plaintiffs ' funds unlawfull y, and failing 10
rerum unlawfull y reni\-cd furn.b.
9
00829

44) The nanted plaintiffs' claims are typical or tlle elaS! becitu.-.e they like
of theiT Class h<1\'e not been subject (Ii' a formal police report filed with a local law
cnlbrcemcnt agency which alleges (kat that has oommiued retail fraud in the: lint,
seconu or third degree QI violated a local ordirumce substantially corresponding to .'ICCtion
218.356, 351)(:. or 35611 or the Mi.:hiS8n penal code, 1931 I'A )28 MeL 750.218,
750.351i, 7s0.35k , an!.! 750.356d lind h,we received a ",ri[fen from or on behalf
of the Relail Defendants "'-00 soug.ht payment orthe civil damages in accordance with
Seclion 600.2953(1) ortbe Judicature Act flf 1961
45) Tho: claims orthe plaintiffs are cflhe Class tlley irtiuries,
and h:lrms as a dirllCt and proximate resul1 of tile wrongdoing of defendants Federated
telai! Holdings, Inc., Federated Department Storcs Inc., The May n ",partment
and Defendant Palmer. Rdner and Associatl'll, P.A.
46) The will adequutdy represent the int ..... of the lI1embers oflhe CIII"
and do not have any int ..... est v.llkh with the of the Class members.
PlaintifTs are member.; of the Class and have retai ned competent and expcrierKed
in complex class actions.
41) Class action is superior to other methods for thc fnir und efficient
adjudi Clit ion of this controversy because. among other reasons, the Federated
ltc1ail Inc" Federnted Department Store:s Inc" The May Stores,
and Defendant Palmer, Reifler and Associat,,!\, P,A, have acted, or refused to act, on
groundslI"nerolly applicable to the Class. making appropriate relief sought h<' rein,
Moreo\'cr, the prosecution of separute uctions by iudividual members orlhe Class would
10
00830

tR:ate It risk of Sl/I.ndards of conduct for the defendant and inC\)JISiSlenl or
varying adjudiclltions for the Class nlembers.
48) Subtlusses may be formed
CAUSES OF AC1'lON
A. NEGLIGENCE
49) Plaintiffs reavcr and realleg(' each and every allegation set fonh in piVltgnphs one
(I ) Illrough (ony-elght (48) though fully rewri llerl herein,
50) Defendant! Federated Retail Holdings, loc .. Federated [kpaTtmenl The May
DCp;irtmtlll Slure$, and Palmer, Reitler and AS!IOCiatcs, P.A. failed to or
determine whether or not II person was subje<:\ of a fonnal police report filed wilh a local
I., ..... ",nron,:o:menL agency "hich nl1eges thaI that person has committed relllil fraud in the
first. second or third degree or violated It local ordinance substantially corresponding 10
21 11, 3S6, 356c, or 35M of the Michigan penlll code, 1931 P A 328 MeL 750.218,
750.356, 750.356c, IIl1d 750.356<1 prior to sending \\-TIuen demands to (lCfSOn or lcbJol
g .... rdi::ms ti by [he Michignn RC11iscd Judicature Act of 1%1
600.2953.
51) Dcfcrxlllllts Retail H"ldingl, Inc., The Io.hy D<:partmelll Storn, IlruJ
Palmer, Reiner and AJSociales. P.A. without proper invCl)lil!lI.tioo and with rcckle5S
cli$fI:gOlJ"d rur merit .>enl wrilleT! demal'Cis [hreafcning the filing of ci ... illlCtions if runds
'"'etc nul paid. to individual members of thc prior to determining whether or not
the)" were entitled 10 deml!lld $uch payments.
11
00831

52) H direct al\d proXirlUllC result negl igence, PluinhlTs James
Laurn Siheri Sweeney. lind Jane! suffered !lever(: emotional distress and
anxiety.
53) As 1\ funher di r\!'c\ and proximale result of dclenilants' negligence. plaint; IT rlaintiffs
James Laura Silveri Sweeney. Dnd Janet Eggen were forced \0 seek. legal
coul\.'leJ and advice.
8. ACTIFLAGRANT DISKGARD
54) Plaintiffs reaver and ruHege each and every allegation set lurlh in fl,'\ragraphs ono:
( I) through tifiy-three (53) as though fully Il:'HiUen herein.
55) That ckfendanlS acled intentionally. malicinusly and with l1aWllnt
disregard of Plaint iffs Jwnc$ l aura Silveri Sweeney, and Janel essen by
Jailing \0 whether or not their minor children H. M.S.S. lind S.F.. wetC persons
!nIbjcct to II fomlal police report Tiled with II Jocall9w enforcement IIgcncy whith
tho.t lhat per.IOf'l has commined retuil fr. ud illlhe first, scrond or thin!..kjTu or violated a
local ordinance sub5talllially 10 section 218, 356, 356c, or 3S6d ortlle
Michigan penal code. 1931 PA 328 Mel 750.218, 750.356, and 750.356<1,
prior to send in!! wrillen threatening civil oction ir were not pllid.
56) That as II direct and pr()ximate result of defendants' intentional, reckless,
malieiou! and fl agrant disccl:aJd for plaintilTs have suffered such and damages as
iII"e 1I1kged in paragraphs fifty (50) and (51) herein.
57) ThaI 115 a further direct and prO)!imalC rcsuh of nagrant lind
coodU(:\, plaintiffs Lauro Silveri S\' .. and J _I EgGen arc
to punitive damages.
12
00832

C. CONSrmACY AND FRAUD
511) I' laintiffs Teil\CT and reallege cal:h and .we!')' allegation set rorth in paragraphs one
(I) through fifty-stven (57) as though fully fe_iUtn herein.
59) Ikfendants fedenl1ed Relail Holdings, Inc" Mill' Depanmo:nl Stores. and
Palmer, Reifl l:l' lIJld Associates, 1'.1\. intentionally IIlKi maliciously I.:onspired
among thtJllllclvcs to send wriuen demand [eucr:l', 10 pt.'TliOns from whom Dolfcndllllis
knew or should ha,'e knO .... ll were not entitled to seek w.>lilotion under the Michisan
Revised Judicature Act of 1961 s...'Ction 600.2953. A'S II funher and alternative ground for
relief. PlainliITs assert a cause of action lor conspiracy and fmud.
60) As an affirmative act and t:vidcncc orlhe ongoi ng fraud ulent oondl,lCllkfclldwlIs
Retail Holdings, Inc .. The May Dep<lrtment Stores, and Palmer, Reiner and
Associates. P.A. ., it:> employees and IIgents, mulidously threatened persons or parents of
unemanci pated children with the express intent 10 money from them witham regan!
to liability or the provisions of Michigan Rc\' iscd Judicl\lUJ'e Act of 1961 Sectioo
600.2953.
61) .\ ubscqucnt letters a.bu :;ought increasing damages do to lack ofrespnnsc.
conduct represents other affirmative a<:tJ in suppvrt of thc conspiracy and overall
fraudulent conduct of the in vioilltion ofMCLA 750.21 J.
13
00833

62) At 1111 times relevuJ1l, (he Ocfcndants. kno1.l.ingly, intcmiomdl y, and maliciously
conspired for the purpClSCi of extoning funds from on the citizens or }.Iichigan, ilKlUIling
lhc Plainlifrs herein.
63) Defendants further <;onspired by kno"ingly and intcntio!lillly
any :lIId all acts or retail fr .. ud without full inv('stigOlli01'l as to legitimacy IU1d thus
CN:!1ting \:ircwnSlanCCi whcl'l: substan\lal injury and hann to Plaintiffs' ptl'llOM werc
certain or subsUlntiall}' ccrtai n.
(4) DeSPIlC Defendants' knc>wlcdge that they wert required to inve.l1gatc and
determine ""hc:lhe. a person or unemlUlCipilltd minor is the of Ii formal police
report filed with a law enforcement IIl1ency which alleges thaI thm person has
commilttd retail fraud in the fiTS!, or third deg=: or violated a local ordillllIKC
substant ially corresponding to 218. 356. 3Sk or 35M of the Michigan penal
code. 193 t PA 32H MeL 750.2 I 8, 750.3S6, 7S0.356c, and 750. 35&!, herein
knowingly, intentionally and conspired \(I avoid any of
Plaintiffs' statU5. in order to dctcnninc lIt1ual lI5SOCialC"d with .'Iuch in\'estigut ion
soldy to obtain linancial benefit.
65) As a dim:t and proximate result of the internional and malicious acl\ of
of tlK Dcfenililllts and their cmplo)"ees, !18cnt5. alld rt'presentativcs. the
PlnintilTs huve suffcred physical und emotional injuries; mental and emotional distress;
l()ss of olnjO)mcnl of life; and other actual and damages in ol)CCCSS of One
Million Dollars (Sl ,000,000.00) pt<r Plaintiff.
"
00834

66) Funhcrmon:, the Defendants' kno",ing wxI intentional of conspiracy wxI
lho:ir ,'ioolation of M;chig:lJ1 and FcdCTtll Statutes and local ominan(;:.:s ","title Plaintiffs to
punitive damages in cx(Xss of MitHon Dollars ($\,000,000.00) per t>laintiff from
defendant, so as \0 deler the D<:fendllllt! from such conduct in \he future and 10 deter
from enguging in im::sponsiblc activity.
WHEREI'ORE. plaintiffs and the Cluss in "'hieh i\ srth to represent requeSl
th:\I this Court enter ft judgment RS"inst OefcndlUlts Federated Re(.u.i i Holdings, Inc, TIK
May Department Slores. and !'almer, kei tk r and Associlltcs, P.A, lind in favor of
piaintilT3 and Lhe Class m"mhers and award the following relief:
A. Certificat ion of II Statewide Class defined as:
All persons residing in the State of Michigan who: (1) hlIvc hwJ nOI
been subject of a formal police report filed with a local Jaw
mfoKement agency which that thal penon hll.\ oommined
retail fraud in the first, second or thin:! degree or \;olate<! a local
oroinance substantially corresponding to section 218, 356, 356c, or
356d of the Michigan penal code, 1931 PA )28 MeL 750.218,
750.356, 750.356t, anc.l 750.35611 and (2) have received a written
demand from or on beluJlf of any retail stort" owned or up::roted by
Defendant f ederated Retail Holdings.lne., Indi"idunlly lind
in Interest to The May Dcpartment Stores, inclndlnl!
but not limited [.().o und Taylor payment of the civil
dumages in accordance with Section 600.2953(1) of the Revised
Judicature Act of 1961
n. Decl!IIc that Dcfendanl!l Fcdcrntcd Retail Holdings, Inc .. The MIIY
Department Stores, and ratmer, Reiner and AssodaJ.es, P.A. acts \\o"hich violate
one oCtile suhject Complaint ha,'C the Michigan Rc,iscd Judicature Act of
1961 Scl.:tion 600.2953 and iLI1: rUlantially lor notifying all CilW
members of the violations;
15
00835

C. Compcnsntory damago:s IIgaillS( Federated Retwl Holdings. Inc.,
The May Department Stores. and Palmer, Reill..". and Associates. P.A.jointly II1ld
in excess ofS7.5,OOO.OO, and costs on Causes of
Action A through 8 ;
o. Pwliti\'c damR1:e5 IIgainst Oo:l<ndanL Fe.:Iemted Retail Holdings, loc., The
Mil)' T">ep/Irtmenl SIOr<l, and Palmer, Reifler and Associates, r .A on Cause of
Action B and C;
E. Equitable, injW1ttive n:liefin the runn oCthe development of a 5y511:11"1 which
veri lies thut uny Derendanl has conducted II proper investigation prior 10 sending
ony written or oral demands, in wi th Sedion 60(1.29H(1) of the
R"wise<i JwJkatute Act of 1961 or be subject to penalty;
F. Prejudgment Wld posLjudgment interest on all damages:
G. Com, including costs lUsociatcd with discovery IlI1d notific:ttion of tile
upo:rt feeN and attorney Cees incurred in the prosecution I\l:lion; and.
II. Such other and furthtT relieflhal the coun dccmsjust and propcr.
K Y ANK.t:: (004313.5)
. AND ASSOClAfS
The Bradley Suite 303
1220 West Sh:th Str1
Clevt'land, Obio 44113
Telephone: 216--241-1872
Fa.:simile: 216241] 373
Email:
16
00836

.IURY DEMAN!)
A lrial hy jury on 1111 i1lll' ut!! is hCKby demanded.
17
00837

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00838

PURSUANT TO LOCAL RULE 83. 11
1. Is this a case thaI has been previously dismissed?
2.
\f yes, give the fol lowing informatiOn:
Court: _ _ ___ ___ _ ___ ___ _
case No.: _ _ ___ _ _______ _
Judge: _ _ _ ___ _ ___ _ _ _ _
Other than staled above, are there any pending or prevIOUSly
discontinued or dismissed companion cases in mis or any other
cour" Inc:lwjiog state court? (Compardon cases are matters In wfllct1
It appears substanlially evidence wiH be offeted or the same
or related parties are present and the cases arise 001 of the same
transaction or occurrence.)
II yes, give the following Information:
Coo", _ _ _____ _ ___ _
case No.: _ _______________ _ _
J""', _ _ _ ___ _ _ ___ _

00839
6 agai n, t hat i s r mc 11 cr 22176
00840

P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NV 89501
(775) 334-2290
Fax (775) 334-3824
E-mail address: RenoMuniRecords@reno.gov
RECORD REQUEST
11 28 2011
INSTRUCTIONS: Request Date: ______________
1. Print out this request form.
2. Fill the form out completely.
3. Mail, fax or email your request to the Court.
4. You will be notified when your records are ready for pick up.
Copies may take 3-4 weeks
File Information:
9/ 27/ 1976
Defendants Name: ______________________________________ Date of Birth: _______________________
Zach Coughl i n
Reno Pol i ce #11- 22185
Reno Police Case/Citation Number: ____________________________________________________________
(If you do not have this number you can contact Reno Police Department at 775-334-2175)
t r espass
Charge(s):_________________________________________________________________________________
November 13t h, 2011
Charge Date: ______________________________________________________________________________
Requestor:
Zach Coughl i n
Name: ____________________________________________________________________________________
817 N. Vi r gi ni a St
775 338 8118
949 667 7402
Mailing Address: ___________________________________________________________________________
Phone Number: ___________________________ Fax Number: ____________________________________
zachcoughl i n@hot mai l . com
E-mail address: _____________________________________________________________________________
CHECK ONE:
x Computer printout: This includes case history and disposition. ($0.30 per page)
Certified computer printout: This includes case history and disposition, all copies certified. ($3.00 per page)
I.N.S. Certified copies: ($3.00 per page)
x
Other documents: (Please specify) __________________________________________________________
and and al l document s, and audi o/ vi deo mat er i al s
pc sheet , wi t ness st at ement s, r el at ed pol i ce r epor t s
You will be notified by phone or e-mail of the cost and when to pick up your records
di spat ch r ecor di ngs, 911 cal l s or ot her phone cal l s 00841

Court Rules and Procedures
Rule 1: Applicability of Rules
A. These rules may be referred to as the Reno Municipal Court rules and
may be abbreviated as R.M.C.R. These rules are intended to supercede
the rules promulgated and made effective on January 1, 1980 by the
Reno Municipal Court.
B. Whenever it appears that a particular situation does not fall within the
purview of a rule, or that a literal application of a rule would cause a
hardship or injustice in a case, the court may make such order as the
interests of justice require.
Rule 2: Organization of the Court
A. The Municipal Court consists of a number of departments designated by
City Council resolution, each presided over by a judge duly elected or
appointed to that position. Judges pro tem may sit in each department
from time to time as authorized by law. A judge pro tem duly appointed
and authorized by the presiding judge of a particular department to sit in
that department shall have the same jurisdiction as the presiding judge,
except that the judge pro tem has jurisdiction only over matters to be
heard on his or her assigned docket. Judges pro tem are not permitted to
act on any motion filed in any case, except those requiring resolution
before a case can proceed on the docket to which the pro tem judge is
assigned.
B. All cases set for trial or other post-arraignment proceeding, except a
sentencing set by the arraigning judge, shall be randomly or sequentially
assigned to one of the departments. Insofar as is practical, all cases
pertaining to a defendant shall be assigned to the same judge. In the
event a judge must recuse himself or herself, the matter shall be sent to
the administrative judge for reassignment to another department.
C. The elected or appointed judges of each department may act for one
another by mutual agreement as circumstances dictate.
D. Each year, the elected or appointed judges shall select one of their
number to act as administrative judge for the upcoming fiscal year. The
administrative judge shall handle all court administrative matters and
shall be authorized to speak publicly for the court on matters of court
policy.
00842

Rule 3: Authorization to Represent
the motion or set a hearing.
Rule 4: Motions
A. Except for good cause shown, all motions shall be accompanied by
affidavit, and, when appropriate, by points and authorities. All motions
must be served on the opposing party and must be file stamped along
with accompanying proof of service.
B. The opposing party may file and serve answering points and authorities
on the moving party within 10 days after service of a motion.
C. The moving party may file and serve reply points and authorities within 5
days thereafter.
D. Upon the expiration of any time period set for response by this rule,
either party may file and serve a written request for submittal of the
motion, or the court may consider the motion submitted.
E. An opposition to a motion must state the reason(s) for objection.
F. Motions shall be decided without oral argument unless oral argument is
ordered by the court.
Rule 5: Motions by Facsimile
telephone number.
00843

granted.
Rule 7: Corporations
Except with the permission of the court, a corporation or other business entity
shall not appear in propria persona.
Rule 8: Courtroom Conduct and Attire
Proceedings in court should be conducted with dignity and decorum. All
persons appearing in the court must be appropriately attired. All attorneys
must wear appropriate business attire.
Rule 9: Appeals to District Court
the date that judgment is rendered.
Effective January 1, 2000
00844
11 cr 22176 2I
x
J udge Howar d
J ani ce st or e cl er k wal mar t ar r est r ecei pt cashi er 2nd St . 89501 Wal mar t
November 30,
2011
1pm
Zach Coughl i n
29t h
November
2011
00845
11 cr 22176 2I
x
J udge Howar d
Br i an Bai n 2nd st Wal mar t Reno and LP super vi sor 2nd St . 89501 Wal mar t
November 30,
2011
1pm
Zach Coughl i n
29t h
November
2011
00846
11 cr 22176 2I
x
J udge Howar d
and subpoena duces t ecum
pl ease appear and f ur t her br i ng any evi dence i ncl udi ng medi a r el at ed t o
r et al i at or y t hr eat s by wal mar t st af f or l p per sonnel
J ohn El l i s and ASM " Conni e" 7t h St . Wal mar t
J ani ce cashi er
, Br i an Bai n St or e Manager ; LP manager , 2nd ST. Wal mar t
November 30,
2011
1pm
Zach Coughl i n
29t h
November
2011
Decl ar at i on asdf sadf under penal t y of per j ur y NRS
emai l ed
29t h
NOvember , 2011
f axed t o or
29t h
November 2011
/ s/ zach coughl i n, si gned el ect r onci al l y
29t h NOvember 2011 not ar y not r equi r ed wher e
dsaf sdf aasdf f dasf saf ds
Decl ar at i on under penal t y
df
of per j ur y made NRS
00847
QUERY - "CIVIL RECOVERY" W/255 DATABASE(S) -
WAL-MART ALLCASES,ST-ANN-ALL,NV-RULES,NV-AD
C,ALR,AMJUR,LAWREV-PRO
1. Odor v. Wal-Mart Stores East, Ltd. Partnership,
Slip Copy, 2011 WL 3203760, E.D.Ky., July 07, 2011 (NO. CIV.A.
10-287-WOB)
...endangerment in the second degree is a Class A misdemeanor. FN4. KRS
446.070 provides: Penalty no bar to civil recovery: (1) A person injured by the
violation of any statute may recover from the offender such damages as he sus-
tained ...
...Defendant violated these statutes. In fact, the only facts asserted are that
Plaintiff was struck by an automobile while in Wal Mart's parking lot and that
Wal Mart failed to use appropriate and reasonable means to properly control,
operate and/or manage its premises. (R. 141, ...
2. White v. Wyeth,
227 W.Va. 131, 705 S.E.2d 828, 2010 WL 5140048, W.Va., December 17, 2010
(NO. 35296)
...applicable to a common-law fraud claim applied, the Supreme Court noted that
[r]eliance is not a general limitation on civil recovery in tort. Id. at 655, 128
S.Ct. 2131. The Court went on to say in Bridge that while it may ...
...must, if possible, be given to every section, clause, word or part of the statute.
Syl. Pt. 3, Meadows v. Wal Mart Stores, Inc., 207 W.Va. 203, 530 S.E.2d 676
(1999) We recognize that some states require reliance on the deceptive...
3. Crouch v. Johnson & Johnson Consumer Co., Inc.,
Slip Copy, 2010 WL 1530152, D.N.J., April 15, 2010 (NO.
CIVA09-CV-2905(DMC))
...construed to limit a person's right to seek punitive damages where appropriate.
FN4. K.R.S. 446.070 Penalty no bar to civil recovery. A person injured by the
violation of any statute may recover from the offender such damages as he sus-
tained by ...
...2006 to 2008 purchased Defendants' products. J & J is a New Jersey corpora-
tion engaged in business throughout the United States. Wal-Mart is an Arkansas
corporation engaged in business throughout the United States. Therefore, the
Kentucky State contacts in the instant matter...
4. Kelly v. Palmer, Reifler, & Associates, P.A.,
681 F.Supp.2d 1356, 2010 WL 111492, 22 Fla. L. Weekly Fed. D 599, S.D.Fla.,
2011 Thomson Reuters. No Claim to Orig. US Gov. Works. 00848
January 11, 2010 (NO. 08-21843-CIV)
...with either of these claims sufficient to send them to the jury. 18 FN18.
Plaintiffs focus on the allegedly deceptive civil recovery practices employed by
the Palmer Law Firm but do not claim the amount of money Simon and Baum
paid was ...
...pursue civil theft claims against them. Notwithstanding Plaintiff Simon's testi-
mony that she did not believe her son stole anything from Wal-Mart and she
only paid because she wanted to avoid being sued and incur additional legal ex-
penses [D.E. 165-3 at ...
...of these Plaintiffs can legitimately claim that there was no possible basis for re-
covery under 772.11 , which contemplates civil recovery for attempted
shoplifting. See 772.11(1) Any person who proves by clear and convincing
evidence that he or...
5. Robinson v. Rooto Corp.,
617 F.Supp.2d 748, 2008 WL 1999325, W.D.Tenn., May 06, 2008 (NO. 07-2543)
...E.D.Pa.2007) I adopt the view of those courts that the FHSA has no private
right of action Gibson v. Wal Mart Stores, Inc., 189 F.Supp.2d 443, 449
(W.D.Va.2002) The FHSA provides for no private right of action State tort ...
...precedents outside the Third Circuit, I find that the FHSA does not contain a
private cause of action. Isgett v. Wal Mart Stores, Inc., 976 F.Supp. 422, 429
(S.D.Miss.1997) In sum, except for the first Cort inquiry, all of the other ...
...Cross v. Bd. of Supervisors, 326 F.Supp. 634 (N.D.Cal.1968) (holding, seven
years before the Supreme Court decided Cort, that [ c]ivil [ r]ecovery under the
FHSA may be applied under appropriate circumstances [2] A few courts have
also applied the reasoning of Riegel...
6. Stringer v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.,
151 S.W.3d 781, 2004 WL 2363767, 150 Lab.Cas. P 59,920, 21 IER Cases 1682,
Ky., October 21, 2004 (NO. 2001-SC-0262-DG)
...a claim for common law invasion of privacy, the trial court appears to have
treated Appellants' claim as one for civil recovery for a violation of a statute. Ac-
cordingly, we, like the Court of Appeals below, will evaluate the claim as Appel-
lants ...
...The Court of Appeals held that: (1) the trial court erred when it granted partial
summary judgment for Appellants because Wal Mart's conduct in recording
conversation in the claims area as a mere incident of their intent to video the area
fall[s] short of intent [W]e are convinced that the acts of Wal Mart were not of-
fensive to the eavesdropping statute ; and (2) Appellees were entitled to a direc-
ted verdict at trial because Appellants ...
...suffered as a result of the recorded conversations, and we think it incumbent
upon appellees to demonstrate injury resulting from Wal Mart's audio surveil-
lance. Hence, we are of the opinion that appellees failed to prove damages flow-
ing from the illegally recorded conversations...
F I L E D
Electronically
02-24-2012:08:22:49 AM
Clerk of the Court
EXHIBIT 2
EXHIBIT 2
00851
----------
------------------------------------
-------------
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NV 89501
(775) 334-2290
Fax (775) 334-3824
E-mail address: RenoMuniRecords@reno.gov
RECORD REQUEST
INSTRUCTIONS:
Request Date: _1_2_/_8_/_2_0_1_1_
l. Print out this request fonn.
2. Fill the fonn out completely.
3. Mail, fax or email your request to the Court.
4. You will be notified when your records are ready for pick up.
Copies may take 3-4 weeks
PLEASE NOTE: I HAVE AN EXIGEBT NEED FOR THESE RECORDS/RECORDINGS! !TO FILE R59,
R6 0, MOTION FOR RECONsIDERATION, ETC. MOTIONS
File Information: I am requesting a IFP/fee waiver on all charges, but will pay anY
charges associated with these materials if IFP is denied; URGENT REQUEST;
Defendant's Name: Zachary B. Coughlin Date of Birth: 9/27/19
I CANNOT WAIT MORE THAN 1 DAY FOR ANY IFP RULING AND WILL PAY CHARGES REQUIRED RIGHT
AWAY Reno Police Case/Citation NumbeJ<M_C_1_1 __ ___________________
(If you do not have this number you can contact Reno Police Department at 775-334-2175)
IC 110627 RSIC
petit larceny 8.10.040 Reno Municipal Code case number
Charge(s): __________________________________
Charge Date: arrest made 9/9/2011 arraignment held 10/10/2011
Requestor:
Zachary B. Coughlin
Name:
#2
Mailing Address: 817 N. Virginia
St. Reno, NV 89501
please communicate by fax or email only
Fax Number: 949 667 7402 or
Phone Number:
1'----.c=o=m---
E-mail address:zachcough1in@hotmai1.com
CHECK ONE:
o Computer printout: This includes case history and disposition. ($0.30 per page)
D Certified computer printout: This includes case history and disposition, all copies certified. ($3.00 per page)
D I.N.S. Certified copies: ($3.00 per page)
EJ Other documents: (Please specify) I am requesting the cd/ dvd recording of the entire
trial and contempt order finding, as well as all documentation included in the file
You will be notified by phone or e-mail of the cost and when to pick up your records
for this case in any way, including correspondences and non/pleadings, as well as
all Orders of the Court, discovery, etc.
00852

RenoMuniRecords@reno.gov
October 3, 2011
Dear Reno City Attorney Records Department,
My name is ac! Coug!"in. # $is! to obtain any and a"" records avai"ab"e
incident to an arrest at t!e %. 2nd &t. 'a"mart by t!e Reno &par(s #ndian
Co"ony )o"ice on or about &aturday October 10t!, 2011 at bet$een
appro*imate"y +pm and 10,30pm. # $ant any and a"" records, video, audio,
paper documentation or ot!er$ise t!at # !ave a rig!t to. # am representing
myse"-. # !ave soug!t t!ese records -rom t!e Reno Municipa" Court.s
Records O--ice and t!ey (ept te""ing me t!ey didn.t !ave t!em yet and t!at #
s!ou"d return sometime soon. /ina""y, t!ey admitted t!e do not (eep t!ese
records and t!ey must be obtained -rom your o--ice. 0!is de"ay !as undu"y
pre1udiced my case and # re2uest t!at you provide t!ese records to me at
once, $it! no de"ay, p"ease. 0!e R& #ndian Co"ony )o"ice re-used to give me
a copy o- t!ese records. # be"ieve t!is case s!ou"d be dismissed.
&incere"y,
ac! Coug!"in signed e"ectronica""y and signed in attac!ed )D/. # can come
pic( t!e records up $it! identi-ication i- t!at is re2uired or # !ereby give you
permission to emai" t!em to me or mai" t!em to t!e address be"o$,
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
&incere"y,
ac! Coug!"in
** Notice** 0!is message and accompanying documents are covered by t!e e"ectronic Communications )rivacy Act, 13
4.&.C. 55 261072621, and may contain con-identia" in-ormation intended -or t!e speci-ied individua" 8s9 on"y. #- you are not
t!e intended recipient or an agent responsib"e -or de"ivering it to t!e intended recipient, you are !ereby noti-ied t!at you
!ave received t!is document in error and t!at any revie$, dissemination, copying, or t!e ta(ing o- any action based on t!e
contents o- t!is in-ormation is strict"y pro!ibited.
00853

This message is confidential, intended only for the named recipient(s and may contain information that is
pri!ileged, "or# prod$ct or e%empt from disclos$re $nder applica&le la"' If yo$ are not the intended recipient(s,
yo$ are notified that any disclos$re, copying, distri&$tion or any action ta#en or omitted to &e ta#en in reliance on
the contents of this information is prohi&ited and may &e $nla"f$l' If yo$ recei!e this message in error, or are not
the named recipient(s, please notify the sender, delete this e(mail from yo$r comp$ter, and destroy any copies in
any form immediately' )eceipt &y anyone other than the named recipient(s is not a "ai!er of any attorney(client,
"or# prod$ct, or other applica&le pri!ilege'
00854
Hotmail Print Message http://byI48w.bayI48.mail.live.comlmaillPrintMessages.aspx?cpids=41 ...
FW: temporary address change and instruction to pursue a
continuance
Sent: Tue 11/29/11 3:14 PM
1 attachment
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775338 8118
fax: 9496677402
U.S.c. 2510-2521, and may contain confidential information intended for the specified individual (s) only. If you are not
contents ofthis information is strictly prohibited. This message is confidential, intended only for the named
privilege.
lof48 2124/20125:47 AM
00855
Date: Tue, 22 Nov 201117:22:45 -0800
Dear Judge Howard,
My apologies Your Honor. I have had an unlawful rent distraint applied to all
my office equipment and the files necessary to defend this case and produce
motions, incident to a summary eviction stemming from a lease that was at
least in part commercial, had a rent escrow deposit forced upon me in
violation of Nevada Law, had all my computers printers, everything subject
to the distraint. I have a netbook it won't accept a printer and on and on. I
apologize. I do note that the RMC rules allow for filing by facsimile, though
I gather not to the fax number listed for yoru chambers atwww.nvbar.oIi
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin,
Frorn Zach Coughlin (zachcoughlin@hotmail.com)
Sent: Mon 11/28/11 2:30 PM
1 attachment
RECORD_REQUESTJORM_2010[1] rmc trespass 1113 11 records request
11-22185.pdf (20.8 KB)
Zach Coughlin, 817 N. Virginia St. #2
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
20f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00856
privilege.
Sent: Tue 10/04/11 4:41 PM
2 attachments
RMC subpoena.pdf (67.8 KB), RECORD_REQUEST_Zach Coughlin to RMC.pdf (20.2
KB)
October 4, 2011
Dear Reno Municipal Court Records Division,
My name is Zach Coughlin. I have now been informed by both the Reno
Municipal Court and the Reno City Attorney's officer, and the Reno Sparks
Indian Colony none of these entities can provide my requested records. You
have them, I believe I have a constitutional right to them. If you feel
differently, please explain in writing why that is the case.
3 of48 2124/20125:47 AM
00857
I wish to obtain any and all records available incident to IC 11 0627 at the E.
2nd St. Walmart by the Reno Sparks Indian Colony Police on or about
Saturday October 10th, 2011 at between approximately 9pm and 10:30pm. I
want any and all records, video, audio, paper documentation or otherwise that
I have a right to. I am representing myself. I have sought these records from
the Reno Municipal Court's Records Office and they kept telling me they
didn't have them yet and that I should return sometime soon. Finally, they
admitted they do not keep these records and they must be obtained from your
the Reno City Attorney's Office. At the RMC records window I spoke with a
supervisor named Karen. She denied my request for these records today.
This delay has unduly prejudiced my case and I request that you provide
these records to me at once, with no delay, please. The RS Indian Colony
Police refused to give me a copy of these records today when I spoke with
Sargent Avansino, who was polite and helpful otherwise. I believe this case
should be dismissed.
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin
** Notice** This message and accompanying documents are covered by the electronic
Communications Privacy Act, 18 U.S.C. 2510-2521, and may contain confidential
information intended for the specified individual (s) only. If you are not the intended
40f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00858
recipient or an agent responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, you are hereby
notified that you have received this document in error and that any review, dissemination,
copying, or the taking of any action based on the contents of this information is strictly
prohibited.
From: zach coughlin (zachcoughlin@hotmail.com)
Sent: Tue 10/04/113:10 PM
1 attachment
records request to reno city attorneys office oct 4.pdf (66.5 KB)
RenoMuniRecords@reno.gov
Dear Reno City Attorney Records Department.
records and they must be obtained from your office. The RSIC Police
refused to give me a copy of these records. This delay has unduly prejudiced
my case and I request that you provide these records to me at once, with no
delay, please. I believe this case should be dismissed.
5 of48 2124/20125:47 AM
00859
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin signed electronically and signed in attached PDF. I can come
pick the records up with identification if that is required or I hereby give you
Zach Coughlin
121 River Rock St.
Reno, NV 89501
contents ofthis information is strictly prohibited.
Sent: Thu 12/08/11 4:00 PM
Hello, 1 am writing to request a copy of the cd of the record of trial in 11 CR 22176 21 in addition to a copy ofthe Contempt
Order and any other orders made in that matter, in addition to a copy of the docket.
Please email these to me if possible. 1 will agree to pay the copying costs or the paper documents or the audio cdldvd. 1
need these as soon as possible please.
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
60f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00860
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
Sent: Thu 12/08/11 5:45 PM
1 attachment
RECORD_REQUESTJORM_2010[1] trial cd and orders to RMC 12811 final.pdf
(441.5 KB)
Please let me know right away if there is any problem opening the attached
pdf containing my URGENT records request. Please find attached my urgent
request for a tape of the trial held on November 30,2011 (exigent concerns
related to my ability to filed relief from judgment motions with 10 days of
the Order, which was apparently made on 11/30111 dictate that I be provided
a copy of the tape or cdldvd of the hearing very quickly, please), any order or
findings in this case, the entire docket, any Contempt Order stemming from
the 11/30111 trial, etc. I will pay all charges required, though I believe my
indigent status should yield an IFP or fee waiver, however, time is of the
essence and I cannot wait more than half a day to have an IFP ruled on, so
please proceed as though I will pay. Please let me know immediately, via
70f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00861
Hotmail Print Message http://by148w.bay148.mail.live.comlmaillPrintMessages.aspx?cpids=41 ...
email preferably, or by fax (but not by phone or USPS mail) when these
materials are ready, in addition to providing me a written estimation of how
long it will be before they will be ready and made available to me.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775338 8118
fax: 9496677402
privilege.
signed REQUEST FOR RECORDS CD/DVD OF TRIAL AND
OTHER DOCUMENTATION URGENT PLEASE
From: ....ac:h Co g . (zac.hcoughlin@hotmdi .com)
Sent: Thu 12/08/11 5:56 PM
1 attachment
RECORD_REQUESTJORM_2010[1] trial cd and orders to RMC 12811 signed.pdf
(446.2 KB)
80f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00862
I am resending the Records and REcording of Trial request form, SIGNED, just in case that is necessary.
Thank You,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
V.S.c. 2510-2521, and may contain confidential information intended for the specified individual (s) only. If you are not
privilege.
Subject: REQUEST FOR RECORDS CD/DVD OF TRIAL AND OTHER DOCUMENTATION URGENT PLEASE
Date: Thu, 8 Dec 201117:45:27 -0800
Please let me know right away if there is any problem opening the attached
pdf containing my URGENT records request. Please find attached my urgent
request for a tape of the trial held on November 30, 2011 (exigent concerns
related to my ability to filed relief from judgment motions with 10 days of
the Order, which was apparently made on 11/30111 dictate that I be provided
a copy of the tape or cdldvd of the hearing very quickly, please), any order or
findings in this case, the entire docket, any Contempt Order stemming from
the 11/30111 trial, etc. I will pay all charges required, though I believe my
indigent status should yield an IFP or fee waiver, however, time is of the
90f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00863
essence and I cannot wait more than half a day to have an IFP ruled on, so
please proceed as though I will pay. Please let me know immediately, via
email preferably, or by fax (but not by phone or USPS mail) when these
materials are ready, in addition to providing me a written estimation of how
long it will be before they will be ready and made available to me.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
V.S.c. 25lO-2521, and may contain confidential information intended for the specified individual (s) only. If you are not
privilege.
Sent: Man 12/12/11 7:28 PM
1 attachment
12 1111 final motion for new trial city of reno v coughlin RMC 11 CR 22176.pdf
(12.9 MB)
lO of48 2124/20125:47 AM
00864
DearRMC,
I called an wrote earlier and received approval to file the attached pdf and
media files by email rather than fax or other submission. This filing is large,
as such, it must be broken down into segments. this is part one, part two will
be in the next email. I will pay whatever filing fee or bond or whatever I
have to pay to access justice in this here case.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 8950
fax: 9496677402
privilege.
From: Z ch CoughUn (zachcoughlin@hotmaii.com)
Sent Mon 12/12/11 7:40 PM
1 attachment
RMC 11 CR 2217 part two Exhibit 1 pages 1-300 of Motion for New trail from 12
12 2011.pdf (8.6 MB)
11 of48 2124/20125:47 AM
00865
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
Frcrn: Zach Coughlin (zachcoughlin@hotmai .cem)
Sent: Mon 12/12/11 7:57 PM
1 attachment
RMC 11 CR 22176 part three Exhibit 1 pages 301-600 of Motion for New trail
from 12 12 2011.pdf (9.7 MB)
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775338 8118
120f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00866
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
RMC 11 CR 22176 part four Exhibit 1 pages 601-701 of
Motion for New trail from 12 12 2011 ey
Sent: Mon 12/12/11 8:23 PM
1 attachment
RMC 11 CR 22176 part four Exhibit 1 pages 601-701 of Motion for New trail from
12 122011 ey.pdf (11.8 MB)
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
13 of48 2124/20125:47 AM
00867
privilege.
hom: Zach oLighlin (Lachcoughlin@hotmail.com)
Sent: Mon 12/12/11 8:29 PM
1 attachment
12 12 2011 ey.pdf (14.4 MB)
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775338 8118
fax: 9496677402
140f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00868
other than the named recipient(s) ;s not a waiver of any attorney-client, work product, or other applicable
privilege.
Date: Mon, 12 Dec 201119:57:50 -0800
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
Sent: Man 12/12/11 9:56 PM
150f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00869
Dear Mr. Fisk and the RMC,
RMC 11 CR 22176. I really need to quickly get a copy of the audio
recording from that. I went to the filing office counter and the clerk said I
couldn't get it, but I could fork over a lot to have it transcribed, is that true. I
have IFP status, and filed a Motion for Transcription at Publice Expense, but
should I be able to pay the $30 or whatever and get a cd of the hearing? Here
is another copy of My Motion for new TriallNOtice of Appeal/IFP thing:
https:/ls!<ydrive.live.com/ redir.aspx?cid =43084638f32fSf28&resid =43084638 F32FSF28! 1031&parid =root
Maybe that will be easier, that is where the exculpatory video evidence is sent to you as well, a continuation of
exhibit one. I appreciate the RMC allowing me to file via email this way as sometimes my fax service is clunky.
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
Sent: Tue 12/13/112:26 PM
160f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00870
1 attachment
12 122011 ey.pdf (11.8 MB)
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 338 8118
fax: 949 667 7402
privilege.
Sent Tue 12/13/11 4:02 PM
2 attachments
RECORD_REQUESTJORM walmart RMC 11 CR 22176 IC 110627 trial cd and
orders to RMC 12 8 11 signed.pdf (453.4 KB) I RECORD_REQUEST_FORM_2010[1]
rmc trespass 1113 11 records request 11 CR 22185 City of Reno v Coughlin
signed.pdf (510.9 KB)
Let this writing also werve as the cover letter called for in RMCR SeD):
170f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00871
attorn's name.: Zach Cou hlin Esq.
the firm's name: Zach Cou hlin E .
address. 817 N. Virginia St. #2
fax number 949 667 7402
tel one number: 775 229 6737
the attorney's state bar number: NV Bar No: 9473
Dear Mr. Fisk,
I really need a copy of the audio of the Trial in 11 CR 22176 and a copy of
both the Contempt Order and the Guilty Verdict (Veronica said she would fax
one and that the RMC never sent or served me a paper copy beyond shoving
some papers in my fax when I was being handcuffed then taking them away
from me separately in a huff when I stated that I might like to know what it
was I was to sign or read it (or 6th Amendment, etc). However, I have
received no fax of those Orders as Veronica said she would send me
yesterday. She said it in an angry unprofessional tone and I am hereby
complaining in writing about that and Marshall Monte's angry threatening
tone and language to me at the arraingment of October 11, 2011. Please
place a copy of this in their personnel files and the record in both of my CR
RMC cases.
I was told by a RMC filing office counter clerk yesterday that I was not
allowed to get a copy of the audio of my 11 30, 2011 hearing before Judge
Howard, that I would only be able to get a transcript after using the one
transcriptionist the RMC approves of and after paying her a substantial
amount of money up front, but that ultimately, the audio would never be
made available to me.
Is this the case? Please respond in writing or email me a copy of the audio
files and the pdfs or whatever file type the Contempt Order and Guilty
Verdict etc, in 11 CR 22176 are in, in addition please provide the Motion to
Withdraw and Notice of appearance in 11 CR 22185 by Taitel and then
Puentes. I sent you the video exhibits with the same mysterious Verint codec
that the RMC provided me. Why a simple .avi file needs some mysterious
codec that is about 13mb in size is truly a mystery to me.
121111 Defendants Motion for New Trial, Set Aside, Vacate Judgment/Conviction of underlying crime and
Transcription at Public's Expense and Request for a copy of the audio recording of the Trial of 11 30, 20111:45
180f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00872
Additionally, I never received service of any Notice of Appearance nor a Motion to Withdraw by Lew Taite!, Esq.
which must include the person's name, address, fax number and
telephone number.
D. All facsimile motions filed..1t an attorne must include the attornw
name the firm's name address. fax number and l ~ h o n number. In
addition. the attorney's state bar number must be conspicuous I
di la d on the cover sheet.
overnmental a en an attorne or with the consent of the receivin
P- If service of the motion is accom lished facsimile the 3-da
allowance for mailin shall not be com uted into the time for res nse.
granted."
address. 817 N. Virginia St. #2
fax number 949 667 7402
tele hone number: 775 229 6737
the attorney's state bar number: NV Bar No: 9473
190f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00873
for Reconsideration, or other Motion seeking relief from his 11 302011 rulings on account of his sua sponte, with
PROOF OF SERVICE:
further email her a copy of all the 12 1111 MOtion for New Trial, etc. yesterday to:
Pamela G Roberts
Company: Reno City Attorney's Office Criminal Divison
Reno
, NV
89505
Fax number: 775-334-2420
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
fax: 949 667 7402
200f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00874
other than the named recip;ent(s) ;s not a wa;ver of any attorney-cUent, work product, or other appUcable
pr;v;lege.
Sent Wed 12/14/1112:22 AM
2 attachments
Coughlin IFP and Financial Inquiry Application RMC 1122201111 CR 26405 2I.pdf
(381.9 KB) I Coughlin IFP and Financial Inquiry Application RMC 1122201111 CR
22176 2I.pdf (372.0 KB)
tach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
Ms. Ballard,
Please note, the gentleman 1 worked with at the filing office counter today informed me there were no
appeal fees, bonds, or other charges that 1 could pay (including transcription costs) as "all charges are
20th,2011 Trial in 11 cr 22176 21 and proof of service of any Contempt Order or Guilty Verdict/Order
both Taitel and Puentes and the Motion and Order Granting Withdrawal of Taitel, if it exists. 1 would
like a copy of the docket in both 11 CR 26405 21 and 11 CR 22176, despite your informing me today
210f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00875
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin
k Notice** This message and accompanying documents are covered by the electronic Communications Privacy Act, 18
privilege.
Sent Wed 12/14/11 6:52 PM
Dear Chief Marshal Roper, and the RMC,
Thank you for your quick reply. I actually requested a copy of some
documentation related to my complaints about both incidents with Marshal
Mentzel be placed in his employment or personnel file, not that you provide
me a copy of his file. I would like one, or a copy of any complaints against
any Marshals, but I realize a subpoena would likely be required to have any
I never received a copy of the Contempt Finding and Guilty
220f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00876
Verdict/Judgment/ORder or whatever from the 11 30, 2011 Trial before Judge
Howard in 11 CR22176 21, though "Veronica" (no one will tell me her last
those Orders that was ever attempted on me occured while I was handcuffed,
damn notes and act like I was some perp who just knocked of a god damn
liquor store with a firearm. Some people need to get a grip inside. Please
I would like a copy of the 11 30, 2011 Order and the audio of the Trial. I
believe you have a duty to find out what those Marshals did with this
requests or a request of the audio of the Trial of 11 30, 2011, despite an
to stay until nearly 9pm on 11 30,2011 to complete this "Trial", and how it
against me 11 CR 22185 21, despite the fact that Lew Taitel never receive my
230f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00877
or Docket in RMC 11 CR22176 21 (I am also hereby requesting a copy of
10 11, 2011, where I mention the problems associated with asking questions
11 CR 22185 21, in that regard. Why shouldn't defendants in the RM C, after
240f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00878
with the process of tending ot a request for a Transcript on Appeal. 1 was
told by a female RMC counter clerk that 1 would not ever be provided a copy
of the audio recording of the 11 30,2011 Trial, but that 1 may purchase from
transcription will not begin, until receipt of the required deposit. .. " 1 asked
Ms. Longoni to inform me of everything 1 must do or pay to have the
RMC allowed Ms. Longoni to access the RMC "system" and view/hear the
audio of the 11 30, 2011 Trial in 11 CR22176 21. Ms. Longoni angrily hung
money or a deposit or anything else required for the transcript. 1 have yet to
been denied to me) despite her angry assurances on the phone on 12 12, 2011
stemming from the 11 30,2011 Trial in RMC 11 CR 2217621. Please have
respect to the audio of the 11 30, 2011 Trial in RMC 11 CR 2217621, and of
course 1 will pay a reasonable cost for the cd to the extent my IFP is not
granted. The RIC and Washoe District Court charge about $30 per cd. The
force them to first. Please ask the gentleman Ms. Ballard saw me working
anything, much less the docket in either RMC 11 CR 22176 21 or RMC 11
CR 2218521.
250f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00879
Let me ask you a question: If a Judge told you to jump off a bridge, would
courtroom, including a female, shortly after my 11 20, 2011 Trial began and
surrounded by water and fish, where the English were arresting Irishmen who
attempted to save their families and their own live's by fishing. I will be
fishing here, gentleman. Deal with it. I want that recording, for, among
many other reasons, to see if Judge Howard merely asked those who might
my buttocks and allow an overly long look at my anus by Sheriffs Deputies,
immediate vicinity of two Sheriffs Deputies crotches in some sadistic forced
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
260f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00880
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775229-6737
fax: 9496677402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
Date: Wed, 14 Dec 201116:26:47 -0800
Mr. Coughlin,
I received your message that you left on my phone on December 13,2011 in regards to a complaint against Marshal
verbally. However, I would need more information from you prior to moving forward with an investigation. I encourage
You also stated you were attempting to obtain a copy of your Judgement of Conviction from Dept. 4, specifically Veronica
Lopez, you can reach her at 326-6673. I am aware that a copy of your Judgement of Conviction was provided to you and
Thank you,
Justin Roper
775-334-1254
270f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00881
Saved: Thu 12/15/11 7:55 PM
2 attachments
Discovery produced by Reno City Attorney Walmart RSIC with redactions
final.pdf (1431.5 KB) , Rob Dawson and Nicole Watson admitting man threatened
to throw iphone in River and contradicting themselves numerous times.mp3 (5.0
MB)
DearRMC,
I was told by the RMC counter clerk to contact Judge Howard and
Veronica directly with these questions.
I do not mean to be disrespectful in contacting the court via email. I
have been so stamped out by the events of the last few months that
its all I can do to try to protect my rights to get information and
media to the court in my attempts to access justice.
I believe the following should be added to record and presents a
strong argument for a conflict of interest or other 60(b) basis for
setting aside the verdict and contempt Order in RMC 11 CR 22176
21. I did not plead guilty in that case, and any RMC record that
suggests that is completely inaccurate. Please let me know if your
records indicate I plead guilty in that matter. Further, I have never
been provided a copy of the Guilty Verdict/Order in this matter, I
requested on to be emailed to me and sent in the USPS mail. I do
not like to use faxes. I have only an internet based fax service and I
280f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00882
am not sure how reliable it is. Please send me a copy of the order,
preferably by email and USPS mail. Further, the "RMC's official
court transcriptionist" informed me yesterday that she could not
quote me or accept an money from me for the transcript on appeal.
Further 1 have been told by court staff that 1 would never be
provided access to the audio recording of the Trial of 11 30, 2011. 1
believe 1 have a right to it, and need it on an exigent basis in
connection with the various motions 1 have, will, or intend to to file
challenging the decision in this case. The RMC filing office
informed me there has been no Notice of Entry of Order in this
matter at this point.
The Reno City Attorney has a vested interest in getting a conviction
in RMC 11 CR 2217621 with respect to anticipated litigation in
connection with the wrongful arrest and police misconduct shown in
the videos below, as such a NRCP 60(b) basis exists for setting aside
any verdict entered in RMC 11 CR 2217621:
1 ask that all the videos at the youtube account linked to below be
added to the record and considered.
http://youtu. bel 5PR 7 g4015bO
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
290f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00883
fax: 9496677402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
f-rom: ch t ughlin (zacncoughlin@hotmail.com)
Sent Thu 12/15/1111:59 PM
Zach CoUhlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775229-6737
fax: 9496677402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
300f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00884
FAX COVER SHEET
TO: .RMC et al
FAX NO: RMC approved emailliling
RE: City of reno v Coughlin RMC 11 CR 22176 21
DearRMC,
media to the court in my attempts to access justice. Veronica Lopez told me on
30,2011 Trial, yet I have not received any such fax. I have not received any order in any form, not on my release
310f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00885
requested on to be emailed to me and sent in the USPS mail. Please
serve me a copy of the order, preferably by email and USPS mail.
Further, the "RMC's official court transcriptionist" informed me
yesterday that she could not quote me or accept an money from me
for the transcript on appeal. Further I have been told by court staff
that I would never be provided access to the audio recording of the
Trial of 11 30, 2011. I believe I have a right to it, and need it on an
exigent basis in connection with the various motions I have, will, or
intend to to file challenging the decision in this case. The RMC
filing office informed me there has been no Notice of Entry of Order
in this matter at this point.
T
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
320f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00886
privilege.
Sent: Fri 12/16/1112:00 AM
1 attachment
emergency filing rmc 11 cr 22176 12 15 l1.pdf (260.9 KB)
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
330f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00887
pr;vilege.
lopezv@reno.gov
Date: Thu, 15 Dec 2011 23:59:45 -0800
Zach Cour;hlin, Esq.
817 N. Virginia S1. #2
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 9496677402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
FAX COVER SHEET
TO: .RMC et al
FAX NO: RMC approved email filing
RE: City of reno v Coughlin RMC 11 CR 22176 21
340f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00888
DearRMC,
media to the court in my attempts to access justice. Veronica Lopez told me on
30,2011 Trial. yet I have not received any such fax. I have not received any order in any form, not on my release
requested on to be emailed to me and sent in the USPS mail. Please
serve me a copy of the order, preferably by email and USPS mail.
Further, the "RMC's official court transcriptionist" informed me
yesterday that she could not quote me or accept an money from me
for the transcript on appeal. Further I have been told by court staff
that I would never be provided access to the audio recording of the
Trial of 11 30, 2011. I believe I have a right to it, and need it on an
exigent basis in connection with the various motions I have, will, or
intend to to file challenging the decision in this case. The RMC
filing office informed me there has been no Notice of Entry of Order
in this matter at this point.
350f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00889
T
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775229-6737
fax: 9496677402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
Sent Fri 12/16/11 7:55 AM
360f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00890
2 attachments
12 16 11 emergency filing with fax cover sheet rmc 11 cr 22176.pdf (330.0 KB) I
fax cover sheet and notice of denial of service clarification motion.pdf (202.1 KB)
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 9496677402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
Sent: Sat 12/17/1112:15 AM
To: ballardd@reno.gov; howardk@reno.gov; robertsp@reno.gov;
renomunirecords@reno.gov; hazlett-stevensc@reno.gov; puenteslaw@aol.com
370f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00891
lEIch Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2011 15:43:38 -0800
Dear Mr. Baker,
380f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00892
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
fax: 9496677402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
390f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00893
Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2011 13:50:02 -0800
Mr. Coughlin:
December 12, 2011. There appear to be items missing, including the 'IVin the living room, perhaps a computer
monitor, and perhaps some stereo equipment. I can't tell what else. The contents of the residence appear to
652 Forest Street
Reno, Nevada 89509
Phone: (775)348-0888
Fax: (775) 348-0858
This e-mail may contain legally privileged or confidential information. Ifyou are not the intended recipient, please do not read, copy, use, or disclose this
communication to anyone other than the intended recipient. If you have received this message in error, please notify the sender and delete the email message from
To ensure compliance with requirements imposed by the IRS, we inform you that any U.S. federal tax advice contained in this communication (including any
attachments) is not intended or written to be used, and cannot be used, for the purpose of (i) avoiding penalties under the Internal Revenue Code or (ii) promoting,
400f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00894
From: zach coughlin (zachcoughlin@hotmail.com)
Sent: Mon 12/19/114:32 PM
supplement to motion to set aside all orders, see attached exhibit,
there is no initialing on the filestampe for the order on the 11 30th,
2011
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
recipient(s) and may contain information that is privifeged, attorney work product or exempt from disclosure
sender, delete this e-maif from your computer, and destroy any copies in any form immediately. Receipt by anyone
privilege.
410f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00895
Saved: Mon 12/19/11 4:53 PM
1 attachment
exhibit a 12 19 11 motion to set aside directed verdict new trial.pdf (8.6 MB)
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
privilege.
420f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00896
Subject: emergency
Date: Man, 19 Dec 201116:32:33 -0800
supplement to motion to set aside all orders, see attached exhibit,
there is no initialing on the filestampe for the order on the II 30th,
2011
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 9496677402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
-* Notice** This message and accompanying documents are covered by the electronic Communications Privacy Act, 18
privilege.
430f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00897
I will fax this to Ms. Roberts and the RMC as well, this is a
courtesy copy
Sent: Mon 12/19/11 5:15 PM
1 attachment
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
recipient(s) and may contain information that is privifeged, attorney work product or exempt from disclosure
sender, delete this e-maif from your computer, and destroy any copies in any form immediately. Receipt by anyone
privilege.
44 of48 2124/20125:47 AM
00898
Sent: Wed 12/21/1112:02 AM
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775 229-6737
fax: 9496677402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
DearRMC,
It is my understanding the Judge Howard's order regarding email
does not extend to the address to which I am sending this
correspondence: renomunirecords eno. ov which is the email
address filing office supervisor Donna Ballard indicated to me was
acceptable for sending correspondence and filings to the RMC in
lieu of faxes. I am writing because the email address I was provided
for RMC "official transcriptionist" Pam Longoni yielded a "return to
sender/failed transmission" message when I wrote to the email
address provided for her: plongoni@charter.net. Further, please see
the forwarded email below that I sent to Ms. Longoni. I have not
received a return call from her regarding my recent messages to her.
I was told by a RMC filing office counter employee that I must get
the transcript through Ms. Longoni, as she is the "official
transcriptionist" for the RMC. Please confirm that I am no able to
have another certified court reporter or transcriptionist create the
450f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00899
Hotmail Print Message http://by148w.bay148.mail.live.comlmaillPrintMessages.aspx?cpids=41 ...
official transcript and indicate by what date this must be done, how it
must be done, etc.
I was told by RMC filing office staff, including Ms. Ballard, that the
RMC would not accept any filings fees, bonds, or any other
payments from me in relation to the underlying case 11 CR22176 21
or the appeal of that matter given that the RMC was holding the bail
money I paid into the court. If this is not the case or if I must pay
anything into the RMC to ensure that my appeal goes forward,
please indicate as much in writing and with particularity. If I am
able to use any other transcriptionists and or the RMC has a list of
such with contact information, please provide such in writing.
Sincerely,
/s/Zach Coughlin
privilege.
460f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00900
Date: Fri, 16 Dec 2011 22:44:37 -0800
Dear Ms. Longoni,
I have left you several messages. I wish to pay whatever it is I have
to pay to get this appeal transcript going and to preserve all my
rights to review of the decision in RMC 11 cr 22176. Further, I
would like a copy of the audio from the hearing as soon as possible.
Please provide specific detailed instructions as to how to pay and
how much and anything else I need to do.
Sincerely,
Zach Coughlin, Esq.
Reno, NV 89501
tel: 775229-6737
fax: 949 667 7402
Nevada Bar No: 9473
u.s.c. 2510-2521, and may contain confidential information intended for the specified individual (s) only. If you are not
470f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00901
other than the named recip;ent(s) ;s not a wa;ver of any attorney-cUent, work product, or other appUcable
pr;v;lege.
480f48 2124/20125:47 AM
00902
Judge:
Clerk Accepted:
Court:
Case Title:
Filed By:
CR11-2064
STEVEN ELLIOTT
02-24-2012:08:22:49
02-24-2012:10:46:09
Supplemental ...
- **Continuation
- **Continuation
- **Continuation
- **Continuation
COUGHLIN
00903
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CODE:
Appellant,
vs.
CITY OF RENO,
Respondent.
---------------------------1
Case No.
Dept. No.
CRl1-2064
10
ORDER DENYING MOTION TO PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS
This Court has reviewed Zach Coughlin's motion to proceed in forma pauperis and
attached affidavit in support of the motion. "Any person who desires to prosecute or
defend a civil action may file an affidavit with the court setting forth with particular facts
concerning his income, property and other resources which establish that he is unable to
prosecute or defend the action because he is unable to pay the costs of so doing." NRS
12.015(1).
This Court finds Mr. Coughlin has provided insufficient financial information to
grant the motion at this time. Mr. Coughlin is a licensed member of the Nevada State Bar.
In his financial declaration, Mr. Coughlin refers to his employment as "jack of all trades,"
yet he does not reveal the extent of his business affairs. Mr. Coughlin shall support any
future motion to proceed in forma pauperis with a profit/loss statement, balance sheet,
and sworn affidavit showing the financial nature of his business affairs. Mr. Coughlin
III
F I L E D
Electronically
03-08-2012:04:41:14 PM
Clerk of the Court
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shall also supplement his affidavit with his 2010 and 2011 tax returns. Alternatively, Mr.
Coughlin may pay the requisite fees.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Dated: March'- , 2012.
avid A. Hardy
Chief District Court Judge
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Case No. CRll-2064
I certify that I am an employee of the Second Judicial District Court; that on the 8
th
day of March, 2012, I electronically filed the foregoing with the Clerk of the Court system
which will send a notice of electronic filing to the following:
PAMELA ROBERTS, ESQ.
Further, I certify that I deposited in the county mailing system for postage and
mailing with the U.S. Postal Service in Reno, Nevada, a true copy of the foregoing
addressed to:
)
(\\
Department 15 Administrative Assistant
3
00906
Clerk Accepted: 03-08-2012:16:42:00
Document(s) Submitted: Ord Denying Motion
Filed By: MaryBeth Stackhouse
COUGHLIN
00907
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***
10 Appellant,
Case No.: CRll-2064
11
vs. Dept. No.: 10
12
13 CITY OF RENO, a municipal corporation,
14 Respondent.
I
15
ORDER DENYING MOTION TO DISMISS APPEAL
16
Presently before the Court is a Motion to Dismiss Appeal, filed by Respondent CITY
17
OF RENO (hereafter "Respondent") on January 19, 2012. Following, on January 30, 2012,
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Appellant ZACHARY BAKER COUGHLIN (hereafter "Appellant") filed an Opposition to Motion
to Dismiss Appeal. Thereafter, on February 6, 2012, Respondent filed a Reply in Support
of Motion to Dismiss. Contemporaneously therewith, Respondent filed a Request for
Submission, thereby submitting the matter for the Court's consideration.
This matter comes before the Court on a criminal appeal from the Reno Municipal
Court. On November 30, 2011, Appellant was convicted of Petit Larceny, a violation of
RMC 8.10.040. Thereafter, on December 13, 2011, Appellant filed a Notice of Appeal with
the Court. In its Motion to Dismiss, Respondent asserts a single argument. Namely,
Respondent argues that Appellant's appeal must be dismissed as untimely.
Pursuant to NRS 189.010, an appellant has ten days following the entry of a
judgment of conviction to file a notice of appeal. Should an appeal come outside of that
-1-
F I L E D
Electronically
03-15-2012:06:21:48 PM
Clerk of the Court
00908
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time period, the matter is untimely and may be dismissed by the Court. As applied to the
instant case, Respondent reasons that because Appellant filed his appeal more than ten
calendar days after the entry of judgment, Appellant's appeal is untimely. Respondent's
approach ignores Nevada Rule of Civil Procedure 6(a), which governs the computation of
time. That rule provides that "[w]hen the period of time prescribed or allowed is less than
11 days, intermediate Saturdays, Sundays, and nonjudicial days shall be excluded in the
. computation." NRCP 6(a). In other words, NRS 189.010's ten day rule does not refer to
calendar days, but is calculated based on the passage of judicial days. Thus, Appellant had
until December 14, 2011 to file his Notice of Appeal. Because Appellant filed his Notice of
Appeal on December 13, 2011, his appeal was timely and this Court will deny Respondent's
Motion to Dismiss.
1
NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS HERBEY ORDERED that Respondent's Motion to
Dismiss Appeal is DENIED.
DATED this K day of March, 2012. /. 7 ~
\ ~ ~ ~
STEVEN P. E[LIOTT
District Judge
1 In his Opposition to Respondent's Motion to Dismiss Appeal, Appellant raises a great variety of arguments.
While the majority of these arguments are irrelevant, one bears mentioning. Specifically, Appellant argues
that the Municipal Court Judge extended the statutory deadline within which Appellant was required to file his
Appeal. Respondent counters that Appellant has not provided evidence of such an extension, and in any
event, a Municipal Court Judge lacks the authority to alter the statutory deadlines for filing an appeal. In
light of this Court's conclusion that Appellant's appeal was timely even without an extenSion, this Court finds
it unnecessary to address whether such an extension was granted or proper.
-2-
00909
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ZACHARY COUGHLIN, ESQ. for ZACHARY COUGHLIN
PAMELA ROBERTS, ESQ. for cm OF RENO
DATED this 15"
day of March, M ~
HEIDI HOWDEN
Judicial Assistant
-3-
00910
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***
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vs.
Appellant, Case No.: CRll-2064
Dept. No.: 10
CITY OF RENO, a municipal corporation,
13
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Respondent.
____________________________
ORDER AFFIRMING RULING OF THE RENO MUNICIPAL COURT
16
Presently before the Court is an Appeal from a ruling of the Reno Municipal Court,
17
filed by Appellant ZACHARY BAKER COUGHLIN (hereafter "Appellant',) on December 23,
18
2011. Following, on February 7, 2012, Appellant filed his Opening Brief on Appeal.
19
Thereafter, on February 23, 2012, Respondent CITY OF RENO (hereinafter "Respondent")
20
filed its Answering Brief. The matter is now before the Court for its consideration.
21
This matter comes before the Court on a criminal appeal from the Reno Municipal
22
Court. On November 30, 2011, Appellant was convicted of Petit Larceny, a violation of
23
RMC 8.10.040. Thereafter, on December 13, 2011, Appellant filed a Notice of Appeal with
24
the Court.
25
Although Appellant's arguments on appeal are unclear, Appellant raises a wide
26
variety of issues, including, inter alia: that he was denied his Sixth Amendment Right to
27
Counsel, that the Municipal Court erred in failing to grant him a continuance, that the
28
prosecution engaged in misconduct, that he was refused an opportunity to testify on his
-1-
F I L E D
Electronically
03-15-2012:06:21:48 PM
Clerk of the Court
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own behalf, that certain evidence should have been suppressed pursuant to the Fourth
Amendment of the United States Constitution, that his conviction is not supported by
sufficient evidence, and that "[f]urther improprieties and due process deficiencies"
occurred.
Unfortunately, Appellant neither supports his arguments with relevant authority nor
citations to relevant portions of the record. Most importantly, Appellant has failed to
provide this Court with a copy of the transcript of relevant proceedings in the Reno
Municipal Court. The Nevada Supreme Court has held that an "[a]ppellant has the ultimate
responsibility to provide this court with 'portions of the record essential to determination of
issues raised in appellant's appeaL'" Thomas v. State, 120 Nev. 37 n. 4, 83 P.3d 818
(2004) (citingNRAP 30(b)(3). Further, NRAP 28(e) provides that "[e]very assertion in
briefs regarding matters in the record shall be supported by a reference to the page of the
transcript or appendix where the matter relied on is to be found."
While Appellant did provide this Court with a Compact Disc containing a recording of
the Municipal Court proceedings, Appellant did not cite to the portions of the Compact Disc
that he felt supported his arguments, and it is not the responsibility of this Court to guess
which portions of the Compact Disc might support Appellant's arguments. In short,
Appellant did not satisfy his responsibility to supply and cite to relevant portions of the
record merely by producing a Compact Disc recording of the entire Municipal Court
proceeding.
In light of Appellant's failure to provide this Court with an adequate appellate
record, and Appellant's correspondent failure to cite to such a record, this Court is unable
to conduct a meaningful review of Appellant's appeal. Thus, Appellant has failed to meet
III
III
III
III
III
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his burden in providing an adequate appellate record, and this Court must affirm the ruling
of the Reno Municipal Court.!
NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the ruling of the Reno
Municipal Court is AFFIRMED.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that this matter is remanded back to the Reno
Municipal Court for all further proceedings.
DATED this 15 day of March, 2012.
1 It is worth noting that, pursuant to NRS 4.410(2), "[t]he fees for transcripts and copies [of municipal court
proceedings] must be paid by the party ordering them. In a civil case the preparation of the transcript need
not commence until the fees have e ~ n deposited with the deputy clerk of the court." Accordingly, NRS
189.030, which requires the municipal court to transmit various papers to the district court upon appeal, does
not require action until such fees have been paid. Here, it appears that Appellant never paid the requisite
fees to secure the transcription of the proceedings. For this reason, the appellate record is incomplete.
-3-
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DATED this /5
day of March, ~ ~
~ N
Judicial Assistant
-4-
00914
Judge:
CR11-2064
STEVEN ELLIOTT
Clerk Accepted:
Court:
03-15-2012:18:21:48
03-15-2012:18:22:10
Case Title:
Filed By:
Ord Denying Motion
Ord Affirm/Judg/Dism/Remand
Heidi Howden
COUGHLIN
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F I L E D
Electronically
03-26-2012:11:33:50 PM
Document Code: Clerk of the Court
Zach Coughlin
Nevada Bar No: 9473
PO BOX 609!
"eno# N$ %906
&ele: 77'33%'%((%
)a*: 949'667'740!
+ttorne, -or Pro .e +//ellant denied .i*th +mendment "ight &o Coun0el
1N &23 .3COND 45D1C1+6 D1.&"1C& CO5"& O) &23 .&+&3 O) N3$+D+
1N +ND )O" &23 CO5N&7 O) 8+.2O3
Z+C2 CO59261N: <
<
+//ellant#
<
<
Case No: CR11-2064
v0; <
<
<
Dept No: 10
Cit, o- "eno: <
<
<
"e0/ondent; <
<
<
MOTION FOR NEW TRIAL, OR PLED IN THE ALTERNATIVE, MOTION TO ALTER
OR AMEND
CO=3. NO8# +//ellant# Zach Coughlin# >, and through him0el- a0 he ?a0 denied hi0
.i*th +mendment "ight &o Coun0el# and -ile0 thi0 =O&1ON )O" N38 &"1+6# O" P63D 1N
&23 +6&3"N+&1$3# =O&1ON &O +6&3" O" +=3ND# >a0ed u/on the /leading0 and /a/er0
on -ile in thi0 matter# >oth in thi0 a//eal and the underl,ing "=C (( C" !!(76 and the -ollo?ing
legal argument; &he under0igned -ile0 thi0 =otion ?ith the intent to -ile a .u//lemental to it and
-urther 0ee@0 an e*ten0ion o- time to do 0o given he ?a0 evicted -rom hi0 home la? o--ice on 3A(A(!
>, gun/oint a-ter 8a0hoe Count, .heri--B0 De/utie0 0eemingl, -ailed to -ollo? the la? in C0ervingD
- 1 -
MOTION FOR NEW TRIA! OR "ED IN T#E ATERNATI$E! MOTION TO ATER OR AMEND
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an eviction order Eone doe0 not accom/li0h C/er0onal 0erviceD >, >rea@ing and entering at gun/oint#
con0tructive 0ervice i0 ?hat the la? call0 -or# regard o- ?hether one thin@0 Cthe u0ual and cu0tomar,
/ractice o- the 8C.OD i0 tantamount to >lac@ letter la?# N". 40 reFuire0 that N"CP control in
landlord tenant matter0# thu0 N"CP 6Ea< and 6Ee< 0hould >e controlling;
LEGAL ARGUMENT
"=C )iling O--ice .u/ervi0or Donna Ballard ha0 admitted to the under0igned that 0he
com/letel, -ailed in u/holding her dutie0 in the -iling o--ice in term0 o- ma@ing 0ure the record on
a//eal ?a0 an accurate# legi>le# -aith-ull re/roduction o- ?hat ?a0 -iled >, the under0igned; &o
?it# entire -ilign are mi00ing -rom the record on a//eal and a 0,0temic lac@ o- over0ight in the
"=C and im/ermi00i>le le00ening o- the over0ight -unction -o the "=C -iling o--ice i0 evident
-rom admi00ion o- "=C 0ta-- and action0 >, the "=C -iling o--ice and Court +dmini0trator
Ca00andra 4ac@0on and "=C )iling O--ice .u/ervi0or Donna Ballard; )urther an im/ermi00il>e
lac@ o- tran0/arenc, e*i0t0 in the "=C )iling o--ice and the acce00 to Gu0tice and record0 >, the
/u>lic i0 curtailed to an unacce/ta>le e*tent in the "=C -iling o--ice;
One# Pam "o>ert0 lo0e0 under a Pol@ anal,0i0 on ?hether an acutal court hearing i0
reFuired in thi0 criminal a//eal >, her -ailure to o//o0e the under0igned argument that the 0tatue
reFuire0 a hearing and "o>ert0 -ailed to 0et -orth an argument again0t 0uch; )urther# "o>ert0
convenientl, cho0e not to re0/ond to an, o- the under0igned argument in hi0 O/ening Brie-# and
?here Pol@ ha0 >een a//lied >, thi0 ver, De/artment in other ca0e0 recentl, ?here the
under0igned i0 a /art,# -airne00 ma, 0ugge0t it 0hould >e a//lied to "o>ert0 and the Cit, o- "eno
here;
N"CP "563 9; N38 &"1+6.: +=3ND=3N& O) 45D9=3N&. Ea<
9round0; + ne? trial ma, >e granted to all or an, o- the /artie0 and on all or /art
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o- the i00ue0 -or an, o- the -ollo?ing cau0e0 or ground0 materiall, a--ecting the
0u>0tantial right0 o- an aggrieved /art,: E(< 1rregularit, in the /roceeding0 o- the
court# Gur,# ma0ter# or adver0e /art,# or an, order o- the court# or ma0ter# or
a>u0e o- di0cretion >, ?hich either /art, ?a0 /revented -rom having a -air trial:
&he record on a//eal -or?ard >, the "=C and the certi-ied doc@et are 0u>0tantiall, de-icient and
"=C -ilign o--ice 0u/ervi0or Donna Ballard ha0 indicated a lac@ o- conern in that re0/ect to the
under0igned recentl,# indicating that the CDe/artment0 control ever,thingD and that C0he Gu0t doe0
?hat 0he i0 toldD and that 0he CcanBt remem>er i- 0he /rinted out co/ie0 o- the -iling0D that 0he agree
the under0igned ?a0 allo?ed to -ile through email mean0# or ?hether 0he /a00ed 0uch /rintout0 to the
a//ro/riate Gudicial a00i0tant or court admin0trator; )urther# Pam "o>ert0 ?a0 /rovided a CD
tran0cri/t o- the 0hort 6 hour trial and it ?a0 0u--icientl, cited to in the O/ening Brie- to Gu0ti-,
rever0ing the trial courtB0 deci0ion;
E!< =i0conduct o- the Gur, or /revailing /art,:
Pam "o>ert0 0u>orned /erGur, in countenancing the te0timon, o- Hameron
Cra?-ord ?here hi0 te0timon, directdl, con-licted ?ith the video evidence
"o>ert0 her0el- /ro/ouned durign the di0cover, /ha0e;
E3< +ccident or 0ur/ri0e ?hich ordinar, /rudence could not have guarded
again0t:
&he under0igned /o?er ?a0 im/ermi00il>, 0hut o-- >, N$ 3nereg, on
a//ro*imatel, )e>ruar, 3
rd
!0(!# in a manner that i0 violative o- 0tate and
-ederal la? and >a0ed u/on a retaliator, motive on N$ 3nereg,B0 /art# and
inter-erence >, the dome0tic a>u0er0 again0t ?hom /rotection order0 ?here
i00ue0 in )$(!'00(%%# (%7;
E4< Ne?l, di0covered evidence material -or the /art, ma@ing the motion ?hich
the /art, could not# ?ith rea0ona>le diligence# have di0covered and /roduced at
the trial: II
evidence evincing a retaliator, intent on 8al'=artB0 /art i0 no? availa>e to the
udner0igned ?herea0 >e-ore the unla?-ul rent di0traint a//lied >, "ichard 2ill
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incident to an im/ermi00il>e .ummar, 3viction Order o- (0A3(A(! i0 not
availa>le to the undr0igned an i0 nece00ar, -or thi 0court to revie? to reach a Gu0t
re0ult# /articular, ?here a /ro/ert, right# the under0igned la? licen0e vi0 a vi0
.C" ((( i0 at 0ta@e;
E< =ani-e0t di0regard >, the Gur, o- the in0truction0 o- the court: E6< 3*ce00ive
damage0 a//earing to have >een given under the in-luence o- /a00ion or
/reGudice: or#
&hi0 i0 /articularl, true o- 4udge 2o?ardB0 0entencing the udner0igned to 3 da,0
incarceration ?hil0e den,ting the .i*th amdnment right to counel ?hile the
E7< 3rror in la? occurring at the trial and o>Gected to >, the /art, ma@ing the
motion; On a motion -or a ne? trial in an action tried ?ithout a Gur,# the court
ma, o/en the Gudgment i- one ha0 >een entered# ta@e additional te0timon,#
amend -inding0 o- -act and conclu0ion0 o- la? or ma@e ne? -inding0 and
conclu0ion0# and direct the entr, o- a ne? Gudgment;
1n re Over0treet# %( .;8;!d 4% EH,;# 4an !(# (993< ENO; 9('.C'96'O+<
2i0tor, Direct 2i0tor, JK ( 1n re Over0treet# %( .;8;!d 4% EH,; 4an !(# (993<
ENO; 9('.C'96'O+< H37C1&3 1n re Over0treet# %( .;8;!d 4% EH,; 4an !(#
(993< ENO; 9('.C'96'O+< Citing "e-erence0 .econdar, .ource0 E5;.;+;< (
+m; 4ur; !d Cler@0 o- Court 0 !0# 9round0 -or removal E!0(!< 2N: ( E.;8;!d< !
+m; 4ur; !d Cler@0 o- Court 0 !(# 9round0 -or removal'Particular a//lication0
E!0(!< 2N: ( E.;8;!d< 3 .&+&3 CON.&1&5&1ON+6 6+8 .5"$37# !( N;
H,; 6; "ev; !7# !67L E(994< 2N: ( E.;8;!d< 4udge0 and +ttorne,0 .u/reme
Court o- Hentuc@,; 1n re "a, 6; O$3".&"33&# Ca0e, Circuit Court Cler@; No;
9(M.CM96MO+; 4an; !(# (993; +0 +mended 4an; !(# (993; "ehearing Denied
+/ril !!# (993; 1n original /roceeding to 0ho? cau0e ?h, count, circuit court
cler@ 0hould not >e removed -rom o--ice or other?i0e di0ci/lined# the .u/reme
Court# .te/hen0# C;4;# held that -ailure o- cler@ o- court to maintain /ro/er
record0# to de/o0it monie0 intact /rom/tl, into 0tate de/o0itor, >an@ and to
maintain a//ro/riate >an@ account accruing intere0t /aid to .tate &rea0ur, ?a0
good cau0e -or removing cler@ -rom o--ice; .o ordered; 8e0t 2eadnote0 Cler@0
o- Court0 79 % 79 Cler@0 o- Court0 79@% @; "e0ignation# .u0/en0ion# or
"emoval; =o0t Cited Ca0e0 )ailure o- cler@ o- court to maintain /ro/er record0#
to de/o0it monie0 intact /rom/tl, into 0tate de/o0itor, >an@ and to maintain
a//ro/riate >an@ account accruing intere0t /aid to .tate &rea0ur, ?a0 good
cau0e -or removing cler@ -rom o--ice: cler@ ?a0 /rovided 0u--icient educational
o//ortunitie0 and material0 to ena>le him to @no? ho? to /ro/erl, -ul-ill hi0
legal re0/on0i>ilitie0# and it ?a0 hi0 re0/on0i>ilit, to remit the /u>lic -und0 even
i- he em/lo,ed another /er0on to /er-orm certain >oo@@ee/ing and mini0terial
dutie0 -or the o--ice; Con0t; N ((4E3<; O49 OP1N1ON +ND O"D3" &hi0 i0 an
original /roceeding in thi0 Court ?hich reFuire0 "a, 6; Over0treet# Ca0e,
Count, Circuit Court Cler@# to 0ho? cau0e ?h, he 0hould not >e removed -rom
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o--ice or other?i0e di0ci/lined /ur0uant to .ection ((4E3< o- the Hentuc@,
Con0titution -or rea0on0 alleged in a re/ort >, the +uditor o- Pu>lic +ccount0
-or the Common?ealth o- Hentuc@,; &he Fue0tion to >e determined i0 ?hether
certain de-icit0 or other re/orted alleged im/ro/rietie0 in the o--ice o- "a, 6;
Over0treet re0ulted -rom the im/ro/er handling o- 0tate -und0 or ?ere /art o- a
0erie0 o- tran0action0 that con0tituted im/ro/er handling o- 0tate -und0; On 4une
!# (99(# Over0treet ?a0 ordered to a//ear >e-ore the .u/reme Court o-
Hentuc@, on +ugu0t !0# to 0ho? cau0e ?h, he 0hould not >e removed -rom
o--ice or other?i0e di0ci/lined; 1n an order entered +ugu0t !9# the Court
determined that it ?a0 nece00ar, to receive evidence in order to re0olve the
matter# and a ./ecial Commi00ioner ?a0 a//ointed to receive evidence and -ile a
re/ort# including -inding0 o- -act# conclu0ion0 o- la? and recommendation0; &he
Hentuc@, Con0titution .ection ((4E3< 0tate0 in /ertinent /art that cler@0 o- the
circuit court 0hall >e remova>le -rom o--ice >, the .u/reme Court -or good
cau0e 0ho?n; No other /enalt, i0 /rovided >, the Con0titution; H;";.;
30+;0(0M;!0 im/o0e0 certain dutie0 on circuit cler@0 including the H;";.;
30+;0%0 reFuirement o- maintaining /ro/er record0# the H;";.; 30+;(!0 and ;
!00 reFuirement0 o- de/o0iting monie0 /rom/tl, in a 0tate de/o0itor, >an@# and
the H;";.; 30+;!0 reFuirement o- maintaining an a//ro/riate >an@ account
accruing intere0t -or the Common?ealth o- Hentuc@,# to >e /aid to the .tate
&rea0ur, a0 are other monie0 due the .tate; 8e mu0t conclude that the o/eration
o- the Ca0e, Circuit Cler@B0 o--ice violate0 the0e 0tatutor, 0tandard0; 1t i0 the
re0/on0i>ilit, o- the cler@ to remit the /u>lic -und0 even i- he em/lo,0 another
/er0on to /er-orm certain >oo@@ee/ing and mini0terial dutie0 -or the o--ice; &he
/rinci/al evidence i0 the (99( re/ort o- the +uditor o- Pu>lic +ccount0
regarding the re0/on0i>ilitie0 o- the Ca0e, Circuit Cler@ -or the -i0cal ,ear
ending 4une 30# (990; &he audit -ound violation0 o- the 0tatute0 and the
+dmini0trative O--ice o- the Court0 accounting manual con0i0ting o- (< a de-icit
o- P!7#!((;00# P#074 o- ?hich had accumulated in the la0t -i0cal ,ear: !< a
-ailure to de/o0it recei/t0 intact to the >an@ in a timel, -a0hion: 3< a -ailure to
record and remit to the .tate P9#039 in intere0t dating >ac@ to (9%4: 4< a -ailure
to maintain /a,a>le ledger card0: and < a -ailure to /re/are >an@ reconciliation0;
)or hi0 de-en0e# Over0treet 0ee@0 to 0hi-t re0/on0i>ilit, -or the /ro>lem0 o- the
circuit cler@B0 o--ice to +OC; Over0treet made -ull re0titution ?ithout conte0ting
the amount although he challenged the /ro/riet, o- the /roceeding0 to remove
him; &he te0timon, o- Over0treetB0 Chie- De/ut, and ?i-e# Nina Over0treet#
e0ta>li0hed that 0he had 0ome ,ear0 o- e*/erience in handling mone, in 0everal
/u>lic o--ice0 and had 0erved a0 ./ecial &a* Commi00ioner -or Ca0e, Count,
0heri--0 >eginning in (970 ?hen her hu0>and ?a0 -ir0t elected to that /o0t and
continuing until (990; &he cler@ mu0t a00ume re0/on0i>ilit, -or hi0 o--ice; 2e or
0he cannot attem/t to tran0-er re0/on0i>ilit, to an, other /er0on or entit,; &he
evidence in thi0 ca0e indicate0 that the +OC /rovided 0u--icient educational
o//ortunitie0 and material0 to Over0treet in order to ena>le him to @no? ho? to
/ro/erl, -ul-ill hi0 legal re0/on0i>ilitie0; &here i0 evidence that Over0treet and
hi0 ?i-e attended 0everal o- the educational /re0entation0 made >, the +OC;
&e0timon, al0o indicated that the manual0 /rovided -or circuit cler@0 are ?ritten
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in a clear and ea0il, under0tood language 0o that -ollo?ing the direction0 o- the
manual are relativel, 0im/le; 8e >elieve that there ?a0 0u--icient educational
and training o//ortunitie0 /rovided -or or availa>le to Over0treet; &here ?a0 al0o
con0idera>le evidence that the +OC /rovided a00i0tance ?hen reFue0ted -rom
Over0treet; O460 +lthough the (99( audit ?a0 the -ir0t to ?hich the Ca0e,
Circuit Cler@B0 o--ice had >een e*/o0ed 0ince Over0treet a00umed o--ice in (976#
thi0 doe0 not e*cu0e the -ailure to re' /ort or /ro/erl, handle 0tate -und0 in the
amount o- P!7#!((; 1t i0 the re0/on0i>ilit, o- the circuit cler@ to com/l, ?ith the
0tatute0 o- thi0 Common?ealth; )ailure to do that ?ill 0u>Gect the Cler@ to
removal -rom o--ice -or good cau0e 0ho?n; 8e >elieve that "a, 6; Over0treet
ha0 -ailed to /ro/erl, di0charge the dutie0 im/o0ed u/on him a0 Circuit Cler@ o-
Ca0e, Count, a0 detailed in H;";.; 30+;0(0M;!0; +mong the de-iciencie0 are
the -ailure to maintain /ro/er record0# the -ailure to de/o0it monie0 intact
/rom/tl, into a 0tate de/o0itor, >an@ and the -ailure to maintain an a//ro/riate
>an@ account accruing intere0t ?hich i0 to >e /aid to the .tate &rea0ur,; 8e -ind
that "a, 6; Over0treet ha0 not /rovided a rea0ona>le e*/lanation -or the
de-iciencie0; &here-ore# ?e -ind that good cau0e e*i0t0 -or removing "a, 6;
Over0treet# Cler@ o- the Ca0e, Count, Circuit Court# -rom o--ice -or the
remainder o- hi0 /re0ent term and he i0 no? 0o removed; .ection ((4E3<
Hentuc@, Con0titution; &he O--ice o- Cler@ o- the Ca0e, Count, Circuit Court i0
declared vacant; "a, ;;;43( Pro-iler 3ND O) DOC5=3N& +merican
4uri0/rudence# .econd 3dition Data>a0e u/dated )e>ruar, !0(! Cler@0 o- Court
6onnie 3; 9ri--ith# 4r;# 4;D; 111; &itle# &enure# "emoval# or .u0/en0ion C;
"emoval or .u0/en0ion -rom O--ice (; "emoval -rom O--ice &o/ic .ummar,
Correlation &a>le "e-erence0 N !(; 9round0 -or removalQParticular
a//lication0 8e0tB0 He, Num>er Dige0t 8e0tB0 He, Num>er Dige0t# Cler@0 o-
Court0 % 3*am/le0 o- 0u--icient ground0 -or removing a cler@ o- court -rom
o--ice include: R mi0a//ro/riation o- -und0 to the cler@B0 /er0onal u0eS(T R a
conviction o- the-t in o--ice giving ri0e to a 0tatutor, di0Fuali-icationS!T R the
-ailure to maintain /ro/er record0 and account0S3T R ma@ing di0/araging
0tatement0 a>out a GudgeS4T R an o--en0e involving moral tur/itudeST R ?ill-ul
mi0conduct in o--iceS6T R -ailure to -ollo? to the letter and in the utmo0t good
-aith the direction o- the GudgeS7T R mi0-ea0ance in o--ice or neglect o- o--icial
dut, tantamount to -raudS%T S)N(T 6e?i0 v; .tate e* rel; 3van0# 3%7 .o; !d 79
E+la; (9%0<; S)N!T .tate e* rel; Corrigan v; 2a>ere@# 3 Ohio .t; 3d (0# (%
N;3;!d (!06 E(9%%<; S)N3T 1n re Over0treet# %( .;8;!d 4% EH,; (993<; S)N4T
$oigt v; .avell# 70 );3d (! E9th Cir; (99<; S)NT 6e?i0 v; .tate e* rel;
3van0# 3%7 .o; !d 79 E+la; (9%0<; S)N6T 1n re +ntonelli# 4!9 =a00; 644# 7((
N;3;!d (04 E(999<; S)N7T .tate e* rel; Core v; =erri-ield# !0! 8; $a; (00# 0!
.;3;!d (97 E(99%<; S)N%T Common?ealth e* rel; +ttorne, 9eneral v; )ur0te#
!%%
H,; 3%# (6 .;8;!d (9% E(94(<; U !0(! &hom0on "euter0; 33'34B U !0(! &hom0on
"euter0A"1+; No Claim to Orig; 5;.; 9ovt; 8or@0; +ll right0 re0erved; +=45" C63"H.O)C& N
!( 3ND O) DOC5=3N& +merican 4uri0/rudence Proo- o- )act0 3d Data>a0e u/dated 4une
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!0(( Categorical 6i0t o- +rticle0 &ermination or Demotion o- a Pu>lic 3m/lo,ee 1n "etaliation
)or ./ea@ing Out +0 a $iolation o- "ight o- )ree ./eech 2on; D; Du-- =c@ee SOT &+B63 O)
CON&3N&. +rticle Outline .co/e 1nde* "e0earch "e-erence0 &o/ic o- +rticle: Proo- that a
/u>lic em/lo,ee ?a0 terminated or demoted in retaliation -or Gum/ing the chain o- command to
>lo? the ?hi0tle on a 0u/erior# in violation o- the em/lo,eeB0 con0titutional right o- -ree 0/eech;
&he i00ue ma, ari0e in an, em/lo,ment ca0e involving an adver0e /er0onnel action ta@en in
a//arent retaliation -or the em/lo,ee 0/ea@ing out on a controver0ial 0u>Gect or on a 0u>Gect
critical o- the /u>lic agenc,# it0 /olicie0# or it0 admini0trator0# or in revealing in0tance0 o-
mal-ea0ance or mi0-ea0ance on the /art o- the agenc, or it0 admini0trator0; +"&1C63 O5&61N3 1
Bac@ground + Preliminar, =atter0 N ( 1ntroduction N ! .co/e o- article B 3lement0 o- .ection
(9%3 N 3 1n general N 4 De-endant0 in .ection (9%3 action0Q9overnment entitie0 N De-endant0
in .ection (9%3 action0Q9overnment em/lo,ee0 0ued in individual ca/acit, N 6 Pleading
con0ideration0 N 7 Choice o- -orum N % Pendent Guri0diction N 9 4ur, trial v0; court trial C
+//lication &o 3m/lo,ment Ca0e0 N (0 &he .u/reme Court deci0ion0 N (( Con0titutional
reFuirement0 -or the cau0e o- action N (! )al0e 0/eech a0 a de-en0e N (3 .trategic con0ideration0 N
(4 &he -ir0t te0t: 0/eech on a matter o- /u>lic concernQ9enerall, N (4;3 &he -ir0t te0t: 0/eech on
a matter o- /u>lic concernQ./eech a0 /art o- cu0tomar, dutie0: /olic,ma@er0 N (4; &he -ir0t
te0t: 0/eech on a matter o- /u>lic concernQ Con0ideration o- em/lo,eeB0 motive N (4;7 &he -ir0t
te0t: 0/eech on a matter o- /u>lic concernQ 3m/lo,ee 0/ea@ing a0 a citiVen N ( &he 0econd te0t:
a >alancing o- intere0t0 N (6 &he third te0t: /ro*imate cau0e N (7 &he -inal te0t: de-en0e o-
inevita>ilit, N (% Pro>lem0 in evaluation N (%; Prete*t: intent to retaliate D Damage0 N (9
"emedie0 availa>le under .ection (9%3 N !0 9eneral damage0 -or emotional di0tre00 N !( )ront
/a, a0 an element o- monetar, damage0 N !! Punitive damage0 N !3 Damage0: chec@li0t N !4
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+ttorne, -ee0 3 De-en0e Con0ideration0 N ! Overvie? o- de-en0e 0trateg, N !6 .tatute0 o-
limitation0 11 Di0cover, + .trategic Con0ideration0 N !7 Planning -or ?ritten di0cover, N !%
5tilit, o- )reedom o- 1n-ormation reFue0t0 N !9 De/o0ition 0trategie0 N 30 8ho to de/o0e B
=odel Di0cover, "eFue0t0 N 3( "eFue0t -or admi00ion0 N 3! 1nterrogatorie0 to de-endant N 33
"eFue0t -or /roduction o- document0 111 3lement0 o- Proo- N 34 3lement0 o- claim: chec@li0t 1$
Proo- o- "etaliator, Di0charge + 1ntroduction N 3 )act0 and >ac@ground B Plainti--B0 &e0timon,
N 36 8itne00 introduction and >ac@ground N 37 +>0ence o- good rea0on -or demotion N 3%
$alidit, or truth-ulne00 o- critici0m0 and 0tatement0 made N 39 .u>Gect o- com/laint0 are matter0
o- /u>lic concern N 40 &he incident o- claimed -ree 0/eech N 4( Police chie- retaliate0 N 4!
Plainti--B0 damage0 C =a,orB0 &e0timon, N 43 1ntroduction and /reliminar, matter0 N 44 =a,orB0
ver0ion o- the conver0ation0 ?ith the de/ut, N 4 De/ut, chie-B0 com/laint0 ?ere matter0 o-
/u>lic concern N 46 Cit, delegate0 authorit, to /olice chie- N 47 De/ut, chie-B0 com/laint0 not
-al0e or maliciou0 N 4% "etaliation a /ro*imate cau0e o- the demotion N 49 &he >alancing te0t: no
legitimate intere0t in 0u//re00ing 0uch 0/eech N 0 )urther retaliation: -ailure to rea//oint D
3*/ertB0 &e0timon,: "etired Divi0ion Commander N ( 3vent0 leading u/ to the demotion N !
1ncident o- claimed -ree 0/eech N 3 Plainti--B0 com/laint0 legitimate N 4 Plainti--B0 demotion N
No valid rea0on -or demotion or -ailure to >e rea//ointed N 6 &he >alancing te0t: no legitimate
intere0t in 0u//re00ing 0uch 0/eech $ 4ur, 1n0truction0 N 7 W9ood cau0eW reFuirement N %
Con0titutional i00ue0 N 9 Burden o- /roo- N 60 Damage0 $1 Bi>liogra/h, N 6( Boo@0 and
/eriodical0 "e0earch "e-erence0 &o/ic o- +rticle: Proo- that a /u>lic em/lo,ee ?a0 terminated or
demoted in retaliation -or Gum/ing the chain o- command to >lo? the ?hi0tle on a 0u/erior# in
violation o- the em/lo,eeB0 con0titutional right o- -ree 0/eech; &he i00ue ma, ari0e in an,
em/lo,ment ca0e involving an adver0e /er0onnel action ta@en in a//arent retaliation -or the
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em/lo,ee 0/ea@ing out on a controver0ial 0u>Gect or on a 0u>Gect critical o- the /u>lic agenc,# it0
/olicie0# or it0 admini0trator0# or in revealing in0tance0 o- mal-ea0ance or mi0-ea0ance on the /art
o- the agenc, or it0 admini0trator0; 1ND3X +>0ence o- good rea0on -or adver0e em/lo,ee action
ta@en# NN37# +dmini0trative remedie0# e*hau0tion# N % +dmi00ion0# reFue0t -or# N 3(
+//lication o- 4! 5.C+ N (9%3 to em/lo,ment ca0e0# NN(0M(% +//ointed em/lo,ee# -ailure to
rea//oint# NN0# +ttorne, -ee0# N !4 +uthorit, delegated to /olice chie- >, cit,# N 46
Bac@ground in-ormation# NN(M!6#3#36 Balance o- intere0t0 te0t# con0titutional reFuirement0 -or
cau0e o- action# NN(0#((#(#49#6 Bench trial v0 Gur, trial# N 9 Bi>liogra/h,# N 6( Boo@0 and
/eriodical0# >i>liogra/h,# N 6( Burden o- /roo-# NN et 0eF; Ca/acit, o- de-endant0# o--icial v0
individual# NN4M6 Cau0ation# con0titutional reFuirement0 -or cau0e o- action# NN(0#((#(6#4%
Chec@li0t0# NN!3#34 Chie- o- /olice# ca0e involving de/ut, chie- o- /olice# NN3M6 Choice o-
-orum# N 7 Choice o- la?# NN7#!6 Commander o- divi0ionB0 te0timon,# ca0e involving de/ut, chie-
o- /olice# NN(M6 Com/en0ator, damage0# N (9 Con0titutional i00ue0# Gur, in0truction0# N %
Con0titutional reFuirement0 -or cau0e o- action# NN(0M(7#39#4#4%#49#6 Damage0# NN3#4#(9M
!4#4!#60 Deci0ion0 o- .u/reme Court# N (0 De-endant0# generall,# NN4M6 De-en0e0 and de-en0e
con0ideration0# NN3##(!#(7#!#!6 Delegation o- authorit, to /olice chie- >, cit,# N 46 De/o0ition
0trategie0# NN!9#30 De/ut, /olice chie- a0 /u>lic em/lo,ee# ca0e involving# NN3M6 Di0cover,#
NN!7M33 Divi0ion commanderB0 te0timon,# ca0e involving de/ut, chie- o- /olice# NN(M6
Document /roduction# reFue0t# N 33 3lement0 o- claim# chec@li0t# N 34 3lement0 o- /roo-# N 34
3lement0 o- 4! 5.C+ N (9%3# NN3M9 3motional di0tre00# general damage0# N !0 3valuation
/ro>lem0# N (% 3vent0 leading u/ to demotion# N ( 3*em/lar, damage0# NN4#!! 3*hau0tion o-
admini0trative remedie0# N % 3*/ertB0 te0timon,# NN(M6 )act0# /roo- o- retaliator, di0charge# N
3 )ailure to rea//oint em/lo,ee# NN0# )al0ene00 o- em/lo,eeB0 com/laint0# N 47 )al0e 0/eech
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a0 de-en0e# N (! )ee0# attorne,# N !4 4! 5.C+ N (9%3 cau0e o- action# NN ( et 0eF; )orum choice#
N 7 )reedom o- in-ormation reFue0t0# utilit,# N !% )ront /a, a0 element o- monetar, damage0# N !(
)urther retaliation# N 0 9eneral damage0 -or emotional di0tre00# N !0 9ood cau0e reFuirement#
Gur, in0truction0# N 7 9ood rea0on a>0ent -or adver0e em/lo,ee action ta@en# NN37# 9overning
la?# NN7#!6 1mmunit,# de-en0e0# NN3# 1ncident o- claimed -ree 0/eech# NN40#! 1ndividual
ca/acit, o- de-endant0# NN4M6 1nevita>ilit, de-en0e# N (7 1nGunction0# NN3#(9 1n0truction0 to Gur,#
NN7M60 1ntere0t >alancing te0t# con0titutional reFuirement0 -or cau0e o- action# NN(0#((#(#49#6
1nterrogatorie0 to de-endant# N 3! 1ntroduction to article# N ( 4uri0diction# NN7#% 4ur, in0truction0#
NN7M60 4ur, trial v0 court trial# N 9 6a?,er0# -ee0# N !4 6egitimac, o- intere0t in 0u//re00ing
0/eech# >alance o- intere0t0 te0t# NN(0#((#(#49#6 6egitimac, o- /lainti--B0 com/laint0# N 3
6imitation o- action0# N !6 =aliciou0ne00 o- em/lo,eeB0 com/laint0# N 47 =a,orB0 te0timon, in
ca0e involving de/ut, chie- o- /olice# NN43M0 =ental di0tre00# general damage0# N !0 =odel
di0cover, reFue0t0# NN3(M33 O--icial ca/acit, o- de-endant0# NN4M6 Overvie? o- de-en0e 0trateg,#
N ! Pendent Guri0diction# N % Periodical0 and >oo@0# >i>liogra/h,# N 6( Plainti--B0 te0timon, in
ca0e involving de/ut, chie- o- /olice# NN36M4! Planning -or ?ritten di0cover,# N !7 Pleading
con0ideration0# N 6 Police chie-# ca0e involving de/ut, chie- o- /olice# NN3M6 Po?er delegated
to /olice chie- >, cit,# N 46 Private em/lo,ee0# N ( Privilege0 and immunit,# de-en0e0# NN3#
Pro>a>le cau0e# con0titutional reFuirement0 -or cau0e o- action# NN(0#((#(6#4% Pro>lem0 in
evaluation# N (% Production o- document0# reFue0t# N 33 Pro*imate cau0e# con0titutional
reFuirement0 -or cau0e o- action# NN(0#((#(6#4% Pu>lic concern matter0# con0titutional
reFuirement0 -or cau0e o- action# NN(0#((#(4#39#4 Punitive damage0# NN4#!! Xuali-ied immunit,
de-en0e# N "ea//ointment o- em/lo,ee denied# NN0# "ea0on -or adver0e em/lo,ee action
ta@en# a>0ence o- good rea0on# NN37# "ein0tatement o- em/lo,ee# NN(9#!( "emedie0 and relie-#
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NN3#4#%#(9M!4#4!#60 "emoval o- ca0e -rom 0tate to -ederal court# N 7 "eFue0t0# model di0cover,#
NN3(M33 "eFue0t0 under -reedom o- in-ormation 0tatute0# utilit,# N !% "e0/ondeat 0u/erior# N 4
"etired /olice divi0ion commanderB0 te0timon,# NN(M6 .co/e o- article# N ! .overeign
immunit,# N 3 .tatute0 o- limitation0# N !6 .trategic con0ideration0# NN(3#!7M30 .u//re00ion o-
0/eech and legitimac, o- intere0t therein# >alance o- intere0t0 te0t# NN(0#((#(# 49#6 .u/reme
Court deci0ion0# N (0 &e0timon,# NN36M6 &e0t0# con0titutional reFuirement0 -or cau0e o- action#
NN(0M(7#39#4#4%#49#6 &ruth-ulne00 o- critici0m0 and 0tatement0 made# N 3% 5tilit, o- -reedom
o- in-ormation reFue0t0# N !% $alidit, o- critici0m0 and 0tatement0 made# N 3% 8ho to de/o0e# N
30 8itne00e0# NN36M6 8ritten di0cover,# /lanning# N !7 1; Bac@ground +; Preliminar, =atter0 N
(; 1ntroduction SCumulative .u//lementT &he doctrine o- em/lo,ment at ?ill# /ermitting the
un-ettered termination o- em/lo,ment at an, time and -or an, rea0on# ha0 >een
under attac@ -or ,ear0 in >oth the /u>lic and /rivate 0ector0; S(T 8hile the main engine0 driving
the cam/aign are generall, theorie0 o- contract S!T and tort# S3T a 0/ecial niche e*i0t0 in the area o-
/u>lic em/lo,ment over the 0o'called ?hi0tle>lo?erQ the em/lo,ee at ?ill ?ho reveal0 0ome
un0avor, -act a>out hi0 em/lo,ment or em/lo,er or 0/ea@0 out on an, 0u>Gect deemed
ina//ro/riate >, hi0 0u/erior0 and i0 then -ired or di0ci/lined in retaliation; S4T 2ere# ?hen a
/u>lic em/lo,ee i0 di0charged# demoted# or other?i0e 0u>Gected to an adver0e /er0onnel action in
retaliation -or 0/ea@ing out again0t hi0 or her em/lo,er# an action to 0ee@ redre00 -or the ?rong
ma, >e grounded u/on the )ir0t +mendment to the Con0titution o- the 5nited .tate0; ST &he
/remi0e advanced i0 that termination o- em/lo,ment a0 a con0eFuence -or the ma@ing o- critical
comment# regardle00 o- ho? motivated or directed# violate0 the individualB0 /rotected right o-
-reedom o- 0/eech# guaranteed >, the )ir0t +mendment; S6T + /ro-u0ion o- litigation -ounded on
thi0 /remi0e ha0 >een /ouring -orth in -ederal court0 and i0 >eginning to 0/ill into 0tate court0;
- 11 -
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&hi0 con0titutional remed, i0 not generall, availa>le in the /rivate 0ector; 1n the /rivate 0ector# i-
the ?hi0tle>lo?er trie0 to 0ee@ redre00 -or the action# a ca0e mu0t >e -ounded u/on other theorie0#
including 0tatute or /u>lic /olic,; .everal 0tate0 have enacted 0/eci-ic 0tatute0 /rotecting the
?hi0tle>lo?er -rom a retaliator, di0charge; S7T &he0e 0tatute0 u0uall, /rotect an em/lo,ee ?ho
re/ort0 activitie0 attached to a 0/eci-ic 0u>Gect# 0uch a0 violation0 o- environmental la?0 or
violation0 o- health or 0a-et, regulation0; S%T 6itigant0 in the /rivate 0ector ma, al0o rel, u/on the
/u>lic /olic, e*ce/tion to the em/lo,ment'at'?ill doctrine# arguing that it i0 again0t /u>lic /olic,
to di0charge an em/lo,ee -or >lo?ing the ?hi0tle on hi0 em/lo,er; S9T 2o?ever# the theorie0
availa>le in the /rivate 0ector do not o--er the 0ame /rotection a0 the )ir0t +mendment theorie0
availa>le to the /u>lic em/lo,ee; Nor do /rivate em/lo,ee0 have the remedie0 o--ered >, .ection
(9%3; S(0T &he con0titutional im/lication0 o- the )ir0t +mendment and the direct cau0e o- action
-or an, in-ringement availa>le through .ection (9%3 ma@e the /u>lic em/lo,eeB0 0ituation uniFue;
&hi0 article e*amine0 tho0e circum0tance0; C5=56+&1$3 .5PP63=3N& Ca0e0: 4udicial
de-erence to 0tate acting a0 em/lo,er: Con0titutional revie? o- 0tate governmentB0 dealing0 ?ith
citiVen em/lo,ee0 a--ord0 0tate greater lee?a, than con0titutional revie? o- 0tate in it0 e*erci0e o-
regulator, or licen0ing /o?er; 3ngFui0t v; Oregon De/t; o- +gr;# (!% .; Ct; !(46# (70 6; 3d; !d
97# !7 1;3;"; Ca0; EBN+< ((!(# 9( 3m/l; Prac; Dec; ECC2er Dige0t# .tate0 3; On con0titutional revie? o- 0tate governmentB0 dealing0 ?ith citiVen
em/lo,ee0# court >alance0 em/lo,ee0B con0titutional right0 again0t realitie0 o- em/lo,ment conte*t
>, con0idering ?hether a00erted em/lo,ee right im/licate0 >a0ic concern0 o- relevant
con0titutional /rovi0ion# or ?hether claimed right can more readil, give ?a, to reFuirement0 o-
government a0 em/lo,er; 3ngFui0t v; Oregon De/t; o- +gr;# (!% .; Ct; !(46# (70 6; 3d; !d 97#
!7 1;3;"; Ca0; EBN+< ((!(# 9( 3m/l; Prac; Dec; ECC2er
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Dige0t# .tate0 3; 1- de-endantB0 conduct 0ati0-ie0 0tate'action reFuirement o- )ourteenth
+mendment# conduct al0o con0titute0 action Wunder color o- 0tate la?W -or N (9%3 /ur/o0e0;
5;.;C;+; Con0t;+mend; (4: 4! 5;.;C;+; N (9%3; Brent?ood +cadem, v; &enne00ee .econdar,
.chool +thletic +00Bn# 3( 5;.; !%%# (!( .; Ct; 9!4# (4% 6; 3d; !d %07# (( 3d; 6a? "e/; (%
E!00(<: 8e0tB0 He, Num>er Dige0t# Civil "ight0 (97; 2atch +ct limit0 the /olitical activitie0 o-
-ederal em/lo,ee0 in the intere0t0 o- /romoting e--icient# merit'>a0ed advancement# avoiding the
a//earance o- /oliticall,'driven Gu0tice# /reventing the coercion o- government ?or@er0 to 0u//ort
/olitical /o0ition0# and -oreclo0ing u0e o- the civil 0ervice to >uild /olitical machine0; 5;.;C;+;
NN 73!('73!6; Burru0 v; $egliante# 336 );3d %!# (7! 6;";";=; EBN+< 3(# (4% 6a>; Ca0;
ECC2< Y9777 E!d Cir; !003<: 8e0tB0 He, Num>er Dige0t# 3lection0 3((;!E(<; 3*/re00ive
conduct: )emale count, em/lo,eeB0 act o- ?earing a 0@irt to ?or@# although e*/re00ive# ?a0 not
t,/e o- We*/re00ive conductW reFuired to invo@e -ree 0/eech clau0e in challenging count,B0
mandate that all /u>lic tran0/ortation em/lo,ee0 ?ear /ant0 to ?or@: ordinar, vie?er ?ould glean
no /articulariVed me00age -rom em/lo,eeB0 ?earing o- a 0@irt rather than /ant0 a0 /art o- her
uni-orm; 5;.;C;+; Con0t;+mend; (; Zale?0@a v; Count, o- .ullivan# Ne? 7or@# 3(6 );3d 3(4# 90
)air 3m/l; Prac; Ca0; EBN+< ((93 E!d Cir; !003<: 8e0tB0 He, Num>er Dige0t# Con0titutional 6a?
90;(E7;!<; Pu>lic em/lo,ee0 do not nece00aril, 0hed their )ir0t +mendment right0 o- 0/eech and
/olitical a00ociation in e*change -or their Go>0# >ut the, o-ten mu0t ma@e adGu0tment: that i0 to 0a,#
/u>lic em/lo,ee0B e*erci0e o- certain )ir0t +mendment right0 ma, legitimatel, >e re0trained
?here it could lead to ina>ilit, o- elected o--icial0 to get their Go>0 done on >ehal- o- /u>lic;
5;.;C;+; Con0t;+mend; (; 9entr, v; 6o?nde0 Count,# =i00;# 337 );3d 4%( Eth Cir; !003<:
8e0tB0 He, Num>er Dige0t# Con0titutional 6a? 9(; )ederal em/lo,eeB0 claim0 that hi0 )ir0t
+mendment right0 ?ere violated ?hen he ?a0 -ired in retaliation -or hi0 W?hi0tle>lo?ingW
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activitie0 are /recluded >, Civil .ervice "e-orm +ct E 5.C+ NN ( et 0eF;<# including
8hi0tle>lo?ing Protection +ct o- (9%9 E 5.C+ N !30!<; 9ri0ham v 5nited .tate0 E(997# C+
&e*< (03 )3d !4# (! BN+ 13" Ca0 763# (997 CC2 O.2D Y3(!(4; +dver0e action: 1nvoluntar,
tran0-er o- teacher to another 0chool ?ithin 0chool di0trict had a 0u--icient chilling e--ect to Fuali-,
a0 an Wadver0e actionW under the )ir0t +mendment retaliation anal,0i0; 5;.;C;+; Con0t;+mend; (;
6ear, v; Dae0chner# 349 );3d %%%# (%! 3d; 6a? "e/; 743# !0 1;3;"; Ca0; EBN+< ((4%# !003 )3D
+//; 0409P E6th Cir; !003<: 8e0tB0 He, Num>er Dige0t# Con0titutional 6a? %!E(!<; 8i-eB0 claim:
Police o--icerB0 ?i-e lac@ed 0tanding to a00ert )ir0t +mendment claim again0t /olice de/artment
and cit, o--icial0# >a0ed u/on allegation0 that /olice /re0ence at clu> ?here 0he ?a0 em/lo,ed a0
e*otic dancer negativel, im/acted her ?or@ing condition0 and -orced her to Fuit her Go># and that
>, di0charging o--icer# de-endant0 0ought to chill ?i-eB0 -reedom o- e*/re00ion >, removing
income -rom her home: ?i-e -ailed to /re0ent evidence o- an, actual or inhi>itor, e--ect on her
-reedom o- 0/eech# evidence o- change in income ?a0 0/eculative# and an, inGur, to her income
?a0 not -airl, tracea>le to de-endant0B conduct; 5;.;C;+; Con0t;+mend; (: 4! 5;.;C;+; N (9%3;
3dding0 v; Cit, o- 2ot ./ring0# +r@;# 3!3 );3d 96# (9 1;3;"; Ca0; EBN+< (30 E%th Cir; !003<:
8e0tB0 He, Num>er Dige0t# Con0titutional 6a? 4!;!E(<; )ederal em/lo,ee0B com/en0ation
re0triction0: 5nder N&35 modi-ication o- Pic@ering >alancing te0t# regulation /rohi>iting
com/en0ation -or teaching# 0/ea@ing# or ?riting that related to -ederal em/lo,ee0B o--icial dutie0
did not violate )ir0t +mendment -ree e*/re00ion right0 o- .ocial .ecurit, +dmini0tration E..+<
+64 ?ho ?a0 denied com/en0ation -or te*t>oo@ he ?rote on 0ocial 0ecurit, di0a>ilit, la? and
/ractice: regulation ?a0 narro?l, tailored to 0erve governmentB0 a00erted intere0t in avoiding
em/lo,ee im/ro/riet, or a//earance o- im/ro/riet, given that it e*/re00l, incor/orated ne*u0
reFuirement >et?een em/lo,eeB0 0/eech and em/lo,eeB0 o--icial dutie0# regulation did not greatl,
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>urden em/lo,eeB0 right to 0/ea@# and re0triction on com/en0ation ?a0 not the t,/e o- 0/eech
re0triction that ?ould /romote government cen0or0hi/ >a0ed on em/lo,eeB0 vie?/oint; 5;.;C;+;
Con0t;+mend; (: C;);"; N !63;%07Ea<; 8ol-e v; Barnhart# 446 );3d (096 E(0th Cir; !006<:
8e0tB0 He, Num>er Dige0t# Con0titutional 6a? 90;(E7;!<; Prior re0traint: Count,B0 conditioning
/olice o--icerB0 return -rom 0u0/en0ion u/on o--icerB0 re-raining Wat all time0W -rom 0/ea@ing to an,
third /artie0 a>out an, em/lo,ment matter Win an, ?a, critical or negativeW to?ard an, count,
em/lo,ee ?a0 over>road /rior re0traint# 0ince condition0 could touch u/on o--icerB0 /rotecta>le
/rivate 0/eech: count, had to Gu0ti-, it0 action0 a0 nece00ar, to /romote e--icienc,; 5;.;C;+;
Con0t;+mend; (; =an0oor v; Count, o- +l>emarle# (!4 ); .u//; !d 367 E8;D; $a; !000<: 8e0tB0
He, Num>er Dige0t# Countie0 67; + teacherB0 /u>lic critici0m o- hi0 0u/erior0 on matter0 o- /u>lic
concern ma, >e con0titutionall, /rotected and ma,# there-ore# >e an im/ermi00i>le >a0i0 -or
termination o- hi0 em/lo,ment; 5;.;C;+; Con0t;+mend; (; 6each v; Ne? =e*ico 4unior College#
(3! N;=; (06# !00! 'N=C+' 039# 4 P;3d 46# (64 3d; 6a? "e/; 46! ECt; +//; !00!<# cert;
denied# (3! N;=; %3# 44 P;3d !9 E!00!< and cert; denied# (3! N;=; %3# 44 P;3d !9 E!00!<:
8e0tB0 He, Num>er Dige0t# Con0titutional 6a? 90;(E7;3<; .ome evidence 0u//orted -inding that
there ?a0 cau0al lin@ under 8hi0tle>lo?er +ct >et?een -ormer count, em/lo,eeB0 re/ort o-
count, eFui/ment 0a-et, violation0 to count, Gudge and uni-ormed o--icer o- De/artment o- .a-et,
and hi0 termination a//ro*imatel, 60 da,0 later: evidence that em/lo,ee ?a0 terminated le00 than
90 da,0 a-ter violation re/ort created /re0um/tion o- retaliation# a-ter em/lo,ee made re/ort to
Gudge# he ?a0 0ent out >, him0el- to do Go>0 that normall, reFuire t?o or three /eo/le to /er-orm#
and a-ter he re/orted to count, commi00ioner that count, /ro/ert, ?a0 mi00ing# he ?a0 told to
@ee/ hi0 mouth 0hut and to mind hi0 o?n >u0ine00; $ernonB0 +nn;&e*a0 Civ;.t; art; 6!!'(6a# N
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3E><; 5/ton Count,# &e*; v; Bro?n# 960 .;8;!d %0% E&e*; +//; 3l Pa0o (997<# rehBg overruled#
EOct; %# (997<; S&o/ o- .ectionT S3ND O) .5PP63=3N&T N !; .co/e o- article SCumulative
.u//lementT &hi0 article e*amine0 the element0 o- /roo- reFuired -or an action >a0ed u/on the
?rong-ul di0charge or demotion o- a /u>lic em/lo,ee in retaliation -or 0/eech or comment0
deemed o--en0ive >, the em/lo,er; &he gravamen o- the claim i0 in-ringement o- the right o- -ree
0/eech /rotected >, the )ir0t +mendment to the Con0titution o- the 5nited .tate0# /re0ented
through a direct action again0t the governmental agenc, under .ection (9%3 o- the 5nited .tate0
Code# and -iled in either 0tate or -ederal court; S((T C5=56+&1$3 .5PP63=3N& Ca0e0:
=aterial adver0e em/lo,ment action: Decrea0e in 0iVe o- 0tate univer0it, em/lo,eeB0 o--ice and
/rovi0ion o- antiFuated tele/hone did not con0titute material adver0e em/lo,ment action0
nece00ar, to 0u//ort em/lo,eeB0 )ir0t +mendment retaliation claim again0t hi0 0u/ervi0or;
5;.;C;+; Con0t;+mend; (; Denni0on v; =urra, .tate 5niver0it,# 46 ); .u//; !d 733 E8;D; H,;
!006<: 8e0tB0 He, Num>er Dige0t# Con0titutional 6a? %!E((<; S&o/ o- .ectionT S3ND O)
.5PP63=3N&T B; 3lement0 o- .ection (9%3 N 3; 1n general SCumulative .u//lementT +lthough
dece/tivel, 0im/le in it0 con0truction# .ection (9%3 i0 -ull o- /rocedural tra/0 and /it-all0; +
com/lete anal,0i0 o- the /rocedural intricacie0 o- .ection (9%3 i0 >e,ond the 0co/e o- thi0 article;
S(!T 2o?ever# an under0tanding o- it0 >a0ic -rame?or@ i0 nece00ar, to an under0tanding o- the
to/ic; &he 0tatute ?a0 ado/ted >, Congre00 in (%7( to en-orce the )ourteenth +mendment; 1t
/rovide0 -or /rivate remedie0 in the -orm o- mone, damage0 and inGunctive relie- -or the
in-ringement o- con0titutional right0; 1n it0 relevant /art# the 0tatute read0: 3ver, /er0on ?ho#
under color o- an, 0tatute# ordinance# regulation# cu0tom# or u0age# o- an, .tate or &erritor, or the
Di0trict o- Colum>ia# 0u>Gect0# or cau0e0 to >e 0u>Gected# an, citiVen o- the 5nited .tate0 or other
/er0on ?ithin the Guri0diction thereo- to the de/rivation o- an, right0# /rivilege0# or immunitie0
- 16 -
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0ecured >, the Con0titution and la?0# 0hall >e lia>le to the /art, inGured in an action at la?# 0uit in
eFuit,# or other /ro/er /roceeding -or redre00; S(3T +-ter la,ing almo0t dormant -or ninet, ,ear0# it
?a0 re0urrected to >ecome the /rocedural @e,0tone -or the civil right0 litigation o- the (9600; 1t
Fuic@l, >ecame the engine -or a /lethora o- litigation te0ting the limit0 o- con0titutional right0;
Private com/anie0 or /rivate individual0 are not ordinaril, lia>le to an aggrieved /art, under
.ection (9%3: S(4T 0uch /rivate /artie0 are not acting Wunder colorW o- la?; 1ndividual0 are lia>le
under the 0tatute i- the, are acting under color o- 0tate la?# ?hich u0uall, reFuire0 that the
individual >e an em/lo,ee or agent o- the 0tate; S(T )urther# the 0tatute doe0 not e*tend to 0tate0
or 0tate agencie0: a 0tate ma, not >e a de-endant in a .ection (9%3 action >, virtue o- the
0overeign immunit, /rovi0ion0 o- the 3leventh +mendment; S(6T 2o?ever# ?ithin government
and e*ce/t -or 0tate0 them0elve0# the de-inition o- /er0on ha0 >een >roadl, inter/reted to include
virtuall, an, governmental entit,# including cite0# countie0# to?n0hi/0# munici/al cor/oration0#
and the ?ide variet, o- local and regional government entitie0; S(7T &he 0tatute /rovide0 -or civil
redre00 in the -orm o- inGunctive relie- and monetar, damage0 again0t governmental entitie0 or
individual0 acting under color o- la? ?ho violate the con0titutional right0 o- an,one; S(%T On the
one hand# thi0 narro?0 the cla00 o- /otential de-endant0 con0idera>l,; On the other hand# it 0till
leave0 a might, >ig cla00; &he /rocedural reFuirement0 -or getting there are 0ti--# >ut the re?ard0
can >e con0idera>le ?hen a target i0 i0olated and ?ithin 0ight; C5=56+&1$3 .5PP63=3N&
Ca0e0: 5niver0it, o--icial0 violated -ree 0/eech right0 o- univer0it, /ro-e00or ?hen the, reduced
hi0 term a0 de/artment chairman -rom three ,ear0 to one a0 re0ult o- controver0ial 0/eech made >,
/ro-e00or at o--'cam/u0 0,m/o0ium during ?hich /ro-e00or made 0everal derogator, 0tatement0#
mo0tl, a>out 4e?0; 4e--rie0 v 2arle0ton E(994# C+! N7< !( )3d (!3%# 9 BN+ 13" Ca0 6%6; One
cannot go into court and claim Wviolation o- N (9%3#W -or N (9%3 >, it0el- doe0 not /rotect an,one
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again0t an,thing rather# N (9%3 /rovide0 remed, -or violation0 o- all right0# /rivilege0# or
immunitie0 0ecured >, Con0titution and la?0 o- 5nited .tate0; 4! 5;.;C;+; N (9%3; "ural 8ater
.,0tem No; ( v; Cit, o- .iou* Center# 1o?a# 967 ); .u//; (4%3 EN;D; 1o?a (997<; S&o/ o-
.ectionT S3ND O) .5PP63=3N&T N 4; De-endant0 in .ection (9%3 action0Q9overnment
entitie0 SCumulative .u//lementT 8hen a governmental entit, i0 named a0 the de-endant# the
/lainti-- mu0t /rove that the act0 that con0tituted the con0titutional in-ringement or violation ?ere
carried out >, the governmental entit, a0 a matter o- declared /olic, or e0ta>li0hed cu0tom; S(9T 1t
i0 not 0u--icient to merel, /rove that the act0 ?ere ta@en >, an em/lo,ee or agent o- the entit, in
the regular cour0e o- em/lo,ment; 1n other ?ord0# re0/ondeat 0u/erior i0 not 0u--icient; S!0T 1n
addition# /unitive damage0 are not availa>le -rom a governmental agenc,; 8hen individual
admini0trator0 or >ureaucrat0 are named a0 de-endant0 in their o--icial ca/acit,# the 0uit i0 treated
a0 one again0t the entit, it0el-; +0 in the ca0e o- 0uit again0t the governmental entit,# individual0
acting in their o--icial ca/acit, are immune -rom /unitive damage0 and mu0t >e 0ho?n to have
acted /ur0uant to a declared /olic, or e*i0ting cu0tom; 1n em/lo,ment ca0e0# the /rinci/le that the
agenc, action mu0t >e >a0ed u/on declared /olic, or e0ta>li0hed cu0tom 0eldom /re0ent0 an
im/ediment; &he reFuirement i0 0ati0-ied ?hen the governmental >oard or council either direct0
the /er0onnel action or rati-ie0 the action ta@en >, an individual admini0trator; 3ven ?here >a0ed
u/on individual action# the reFuirement i0 0ati0-ied i- the individual ta@ing the action i0 o-
0u--icient 0tature to >e con0idered a /olic,ma@er and i0 im/lementing a deci0ion he or 0he i0
em/o?ered to ma@e; 8here the governing >oard delegate0 authorit, to an individual admini0trator
to ma@e /er0onnel deci0ion0# the delegation i0 generall, 0u--icient to render the agenc, lia>le -or
an, action ta@en >, the individual admini0trator# in accordance ?ith the delegated authorit,; &he
delegation o- authorit, i0 0u--icient to con0titute the /olic, or e0ta>li0hed cu0tom o- the agenc,;
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.ince /er0onnel action0 in governmental agencie0 invaria>l, reFuire either direction -rom the
governing >oard >e-ore the act# rati-ication >, the >oard a-ter the act# or delegation o- authorit, to
hire and -ire to an admini0trator# thi0 thre0hold reFuirement -or action again0t the governmental
entit, directl, i0 u0uall, a given; S!(T 2o?ever# there are e*ce/tion0; Ca0e 1llu0tration + -ormer
cit, /olice o--icer# ?ho had >een -ired -or going to the attorne, general ?ith com/laint0 a>out the
/olice chie-# >rought a civil right0 action again0t the cit,# cit, manager# and /olice chie- -ollo?ing
hi0 termination; &he court held that onl, the cit, manager had the -inal authorit, in /er0onnel
matter0# not?ith0tanding te0timon, that the chie- had >een given carte >lanche to hire and -ire;
+lthough the manager ?ent along ?ith the chie-B0 deci0ion# the court held that the manager ?a0
not a?are o- the chie-B0 ?rong motivation0; &he court relied u/on .t; 6oui0 v Pra/rotni@S!!T -or
the /ro/o0ition that onl, tho0e o--icial0 ?ith the -inal /olic,ma@ing authorit, ma,# >, their
action0# 0u>Gect the government to .ection (9%3 lia>ilit,; .ince the chie- did not have the -inal 0a,
and 0ince the cit, manager ?a0 not -ull, in-ormed ?hen he ?ent along# the action0 did not
con0titute a /olic, deci0ion or act o- e0ta>li0hed cu0tom on the /art o- the cit,; &he /lainti--
con0eFuentl, lo0t hi0 dee/ /oc@et and /revailed onl, in hi0 action again0t the chie- individuall,;
S!3T +lthough the e*i0tence o- the reFui0ite governmental /olic, or cu0tom i0 generall, /re0ent in
em/lo,ment ca0e0# thi0 doe0 not mean that coun0el can a00ume that it i0 /re0ent; &he >urden i0 on
the /lainti-- to demon0trate ever, nece00ar, element o- the ca0e# and i- carele00 coun0el overloo@0
ma@ing a record ?ith the nece00ar, /roo-# the ca0e ma, -l, out the ?indo? on a technicalit,; 1t
ma, not ta@e much to ma@e the record# >ut it cannot >e overloo@ed; C5=56+&1$3
.5PP63=3N& Ca0e0: Cit, ?a0 lia>le in 4! 5.C+ N (9%3 action ari0ing a-ter -orced retirement
o- a00i0tant -ire chie- in violation o- hi0 )ir0t +mendment right0# ?here cit,B0 .a-et, Director# Cit,
=anager# and Civil .ervice Commi00ion acted together to di0ci/line a00i0tant -ire chie- -or
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e*erci0ing hi0 con0titutional right0: contention that -orced retirement ?a0 i0olated incident and ?a0
not /ur0uant to o--iciall, /romulgated /olic, did not /reclude lia>ilit,# ?here deci0ion ?a0 made
>, cit,B0 authoriVed deci0ionma@er0; =e,er0 v Cit, o- Cincinnati E(994# C+6 Ohio< (4 )3d (((#
63 CC2 3PD Y4!%07# (994 )3D +//; (P; One incident o- alleged retaliation again0t Di0trict o-
Colum>ia em/lo,ee -or e*erci0ing her )ir0t +mendment right0 did not Fuali-, a0 a /erva0ive
/olic, or cu0tom# a0 reFuired to 0u//ort munici/al lia>ilit, under N (9%3; 5;.;C;+; Con0t;+mend;
(: 4! 5;.;C;+; N (9%3; &a>> v; Di0trict o- Colum>ia# 60 ); .u//; !d %9 ED;D;C; !009<; S&o/ o-
.ectionT S3ND O) .5PP63=3N&T N ; De-endant0 in .ection (9%3 action0Q9overnment
em/lo,ee0 0ued in individual ca/acit, SCumulative .u//lementT Clearl, under the 0tatute# /er0on0
ma, >e named a0 de-endant0 in their individual ca/acit,; 8hen >ureaucrat0 are 0ued in their
individual Ea0 o//o0ed to o--icial< ca/acit,# there i0 no reFuirement to 0ho? that the con0titutional
in-ringement ?a0 the re0ult o- a declared /olic, or e0ta>li0hed cu0tom; 1n addition# individual
de-endant0 ma, >e 0u>Gected to /unitive damage0; 2o?ever# individual0 have availa>le the
de-en0e o- Fuali-ied immunit,; +n individual admini0trator
or >ureaucrat# acting in the ordinar, cour0e o- em/lo,ment# i0 immune -rom /er0onal lia>ilit, to a
/lainti-- unle00 the illegalit, o- the action ?a0 0o o>viou0 that a /er0on o- ordinar, intelligence
?ould clearl, under0tand that the action0 violated the /lainti--B0 con0titutional right0; S!4T &he
/rivilege i0 inter/reted a0 a 0hield# creating a /re0um/tion o- immunit, -or /u>lic o--icial0 acting
in their (o--icial ca/acit,; S!T &he >urden o- /roo- i0 on the /lainti-- to demon0trate that the
/rivilege 0hould not a//l,; + 0/ecial circum0tance i0 created ?here an individual de-endant
a00ert0 the /rivilege o- Fuali-ied immunit, in a motion -or 0ummar, Gudgment and lo0e0; S!6T &he
de-endant ma, immediatel, a//eal the deci0ion# not?ith0tanding that a denial o- a motion -or
0ummar, Gudgment ?ould not other?i0e >e con0idered -inal or a//eala>le S!7T unle00 certi-ied -or
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interlocutor, a//eal; S!%T &hi0 0/ecial e*ce/tion -or an a//eal o- right ?a0 created >, the .u/reme
Court in (9% S!9T ?hen the Court# recogniVing that a Fue0tion o- immunit, i0 0e/arate -rom the
merit0 o- the underl,ing action even though a revie?ing court mu0t con0ider -actual allegation0 in
revie?ing an immunit, Fue0tion# held that a di0trict courtB0 denial o- a claim o- Fuali-ied
immunit,# to the e*tent that it turn0 on an i00ue o- la?# i0 a//eala>le not?ith0tanding the a>0ence
o- a -inal Gudgment; S30T &hi0 mean0 that ?hen coun0el in0i0t0 on retaining an individual
de-endant in an individual ca/acit,# the ca0e ma, ?ell >e loo/ed through the a//ellate court
>e-ore the -ir0t round o- di0cover, i0 launched; C5=56+&1$3 .5PP63=3N& &rial .trateg,
Biven0 +ction0 +gain0t 6a? 3n-orcement O--icer0# 9 +m; 4ur; Proo- o- )act0 3d !9( Ca0e0:
Burden o- overcoming Fuali-ied immunit,: 1n order to overcome the de-en0e o- Fuali-ied
immunit, in a N (9%3 action -or civil damage0 -rom a government o--icial /er-orming
di0cretionar, -unction0# the /lainti-- i0 reFuired to 0ho? that the o--icial violated clearl,
e0ta>li0hed 0tatutor, or con0titutional right0 o- ?hich a rea0ona>le /er0on ?ould have @no?n; 4!
5;.;C;+; N (9%3; Conn v; 9a>>ert# !6 5;.; !%6# ((9 .; Ct; (!9!# (43 6; 3d; !d 399 E(999<:
8e0tB0 He, Num>er Dige0t# Civil "ight0 !(4E!<; De-endantB0 0u>Gective intent: De-en0e o-
Fuali-ied immunit, ma, not >e re>utted >, evidence that governmental o--icialB0 conduct ?a0
maliciou0 or other?i0e im/ro/erl, motivated: evidence concerning de-endantB0 0u>Gective intent i0
0im/l, irrelevant to Fuali-ied immunit, de-en0e# although it ma, >e e00ential com/onent o-
/lainti--B0 a--irmative ca0e; Cra?-ord' 3l v; Britton# ((% .; Ct; (%4 E5;.; (99%<; Count, 0heri--
?a0 not entitled to Fuali-ied immunit, -or her conduct in re0cinding Gail o--icer0B commi00ion0 a0
de/ut, 0heri--0# in o--icer0B N (9%3 )ir0t +mendment retaliation claim# alleging that 0heri--
retaliated again0t them >ecau0e o- their /olitical 0u//ort o- 0heri--B0 o//onent in election: the
re0ci00ion e*cluded o--icer0B -rom the o//ortunit, to ?or@ /aid 0ecurit, detail0# 0o that their
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earning ca/acit, ?a0 reduced# it ?a0 ?ell'0ettled at the time o- 0heri--B0 conduct that em/lo,er
could not im/act em/lo,eeB0 earning ca/acit, on >a0i0 o- em/lo,eeB0 /olitical a--iliation# /arti0an
/olitical lo,alt, ?a0 not a legitimate Fuali-ication -or de/ut, 0heri--B0 /o0ition# and 0heri-- could
not have rea0ona>l, >elieved that 0he had di0cretion to re0cind commi00ion0 >a0ed on /olitical
a--iliation; 5;.;C;+; Con0t;+mend; (: 4! 5;.;C;+; N (9%3; Bergeron v; Ca>ral# 60 );3d (# !%
1;3;"; Ca0; EBN+< (4# (% 6;";";=; EBN+< 330% E(0t Cir; !009<; Commi00ioner o- Pu>lic
.a-et, ?a0 not entitled to 0ummar, Gudgment on Fuali-ied immunit, i00ue in 4! 5.C+ N (9%3
action ari0ing a-ter tran0-er o- 0tate troo/er -rom hi0 /o0ition a0 re0ident troo/er ?ithout hearing#
>a0ed on hi0 /olitical activitie0 involving ta* e*/enditure0 and 0chool con0truction in to?n in
?hich he re0ided# ?here rea0ona>le /u>lic o--icial ?ould not have >elieved that 0tateB0 intere0t0
out?eighed )ir0t +mendment intere0t0 o- 0tate troo/er# and ?here there ?a0 no evidence that
troo/erB0 conduct ham/ered e--icient o/eration o- la? en-orcement; Bieluch v .ullivan E(993#
C+! Conn< 999 )!d 666; .tate o--icial ?ho revo@ed >lind vendorB0 licen0e to o/erate in ca/itol
>uilding >ecau0e o- vendorB0 /u>lic 0tatement0 ?hich dealt ?ith matter0 o- /er0onal and /u>lic
concern ?a0 not entitled to Fuali-ied immunit, 0ince an, rea0ona>le o--icial ?ould have to @no?
that revo@ing >lind vendorB0 licen0e in retaliation -or 0uch /u>licl,'aired com/laint0 violated )ir0t
+mendment; Co/0e, v .?earingen E(994# C+ 6a< 36 )3d (336; .ummar, Gudgment >a0ed on
Fuali-ied immunit, ?a0 /recluded in 4! 5.C+ N (9%3 action >, teacher alleging 0u/erintendent
tran0-erred teacher in retaliation -or /u>lic critici0m o- 0u/erintendentB0 admini0tration# ?here
uncontroverted circum0tance0 0urrounding tran0-er# including motivation o- 0u/erintendent in
a//roving tran0-er# ?ere 0u--icient to rai0e genuine i00ue o- material -act a0 to ?hether tran0-er
?a0 in violation o- teacherB0 )ir0t +mendment right0; &om/@in0 v $ic@er0 E(994# C+ =i00< !6
)3d 603; &o de-eat claim o- Fuali-ied immunit, in N (9%3 action# contour0 o- right mu0t >e
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0u--icientl, clear that rea0ona>le o--icial ?ould under0tand that ?hat he i0 doing violate0 that
right: o--icial i0 not reFuired to gue00 direction o- -uture legal deci0ion0# >ut mu0t rel, on
/ree*i0ting ca0e la? -or guidance; 4! 5;.;C;+; N (9%3; Conrod v; Davi0# (!0 );3d 9! E%th Cir;
(997<; .u/ervi0or0 ?ere entitled to Fuali-ied immunit, in 4! 5.C+ N (9%3 action >, agenc,
em/lo,ee ?ho claimed hi0 )ir0t +mendment right0 ?ere violated ?hen he ?a0 di0charged a-ter he
criticiVed agenc, /rogram0: em/lo,eeB0 -ree 0/eech right0 ?ere not clearl, e0ta>li0hed# ?here
evidence 0ho?ed em/lo,eeB0 com/laint0 a--ected morale o- ?or@ -orce and -unctioning o- entire
o/eration; 9rantham v &ric@e, E(994# C+% =o< !( )3d !%9; &he right o- a 0chool teacher to
claim that attendance record0 ?ere inaccurate ?a0 not 0o clearl, e0ta>li0hed that di0trict o--icial0
@ne? the, ?ere violating the la? ?hen the, terminated him allegedl, in retaliation -or the
remar@0# and the o--icial0 had Fuali-ied immunit, -rom claim0 that their action0 violated the
teacherB0 )ir0t +mendment right0: ?hile the teacherB0 0tatement0 involved an area o- /u>lic
concern# the 0tatement0 di0ru/ted harmon, ?ithin the 0choolB0 0ta--# the ?or@ing relation0hi/
>et?een teacher0 and 0u/erintendent0 i0 clo0e# and reFuire0 mutual tru0t o- the 0ort di0ru/ted >,
the teacherB0 0tatement0# the 0tatement0 inter-ered ?ith the teacherB0 di0charge o- hi0 o?n dutie0#
the 0tatement0 ?ere directed to 0chool o--icial0# rather than the /u>lic# and the allegation0 ?ere
ultimatel, /roven -al0e; 5;.;C;+; Con0t;+mend; (; Bre?0ter v; Board o- 3duc; o- 6,n?ood
5ni-ied .chool Di0t;# (49 );3d 97(# (!% 3d; 6a? "e/; 0 E9th Cir; (99%<; .hi-ting >urden o-
/roo-: 1n determining ?hether em/lo,ee ha0 0u--icientl, alleged that /u>lic em/lo,er violated
)ir0t +mendment right# -or /ur/o0e0 o- Fuali-ied immunit, anal,0i0 in retaliation action# court
mu0t -ir0t determine ?hether em/lo,eeB0 0/eech involved matter o- /u>lic concern# and then mu0t
>alance em/lo,eeB0 intere0t0 in ma@ing 0tatement again0t em/lo,erB0 intere0t0 in e--ective and
e--icient -ul-illment o- it0 re0/on0i>ilitie0: i- >alance ti/0 in -avor o- em/lo,ee# then he or 0he mu0t
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0ho? /rotected 0/eech ?a0 motivating -actor in deci0ion# and >urden then 0hi-t0 to em/lo,er to
0ho? >, /re/onderance o- evidence that it ?ould have reached 0ame deci0ion in a>0ence o-
/rotected activit,; 5;.;C;+; Con0t;+mend; (; Butler v; Cit, o- Prairie $illage# Han;# (7! );3d 736
E(0th Cir; (999<: 8e0tB0 He, Num>er Dige0t# Civil "ight0 !3%; 8here em/lo,ee o- 0heri--B0
de/artment te0ti-ied under 0u>/oena in action >rought >, other em/lo,ee0 o- de/artment charging
0heri-- ?ith racial and 0e*ual di0crimination# em/lo,eeB0 0/eech dealt ?ith matter0 o- /u>lic
concern and ?a0 there-ore /rotected >, )ir0t +mendment 0ince em/lo,eeB0 te0timon, did not
con0titute em/lo,ee grievance motivated merel, >, 0el-intere0t: -urther# 0ince 0heri-- ?a0 ?arned
>, Gudge not to retaliate again0t em/lo,ee -or her te0timon,# 0heri-- mu0t have realiVed that
termination ?ould con0titute retaliation# and there-ore 0heri-- ?a0 not entitled to Fuali-ied
immunit,; &indal v =ontgomer, Count, CommBn E(994# C+(( +la< 3! )3d (3# 66 BN+ )3P
Ca0 36# % )68 )ed C 70!; )ree 0/eech /rotection0 a--orded to middle 0chool mu0ic teacherB0
0/eech again0t /rinci/al# e0/eciall, hi0 comment0 to local ne?0/a/er0# ?ere clearl, e0ta>li0hed#
0uch that /rinci/al ?a0 not entitled to Fuali-ied immunit, -rom teacherB0 N (9%3 retaliation 0uit;
5;.;C;+; Con0t;+mend; (: 4! 5;.;C;+; N (9%3; $alenti v; &orrington Bd; o- 3duc;# 60( ); .u//;
!d 4!7 ED; Conn; !009<; )ir0t +mendment la? ?a0 clearl, e0ta>li0hed that 0chool >oard mem>er0
could not retaliate again0t -iling o- la?0uit >, 0chool di0trict em/lo,ee0 or -or em/lo,ee0B /olitical
0/eech# and no rea0ona>le government o--icial in mem>er0B /o0ition could have >elieved that
retaliating again0t em/lo,ee0 >, ta@ing adver0e em/lo,ment'related action0 ?a0 a//ro/riate
conduct# and thu0 mem>er0 ?ere not entitled to Fuali-ied immunit,# in em/lo,ee0B N (9%3
retaliation action; 5;.;C;+; Con0t;+mend; (: 4! 5;.;C;+; N (9%3; Pri>ula v; 8,oming +rea
.chool Di0t;# 99 ); .u//; !d 64 E=;D; Pa; !009<; Xuali-ied immunit,: 1n0tructor0 at /olice
academ,# ?ho had /rovided e*/ert te0timon, again0t /olice in e*ce00ive -orce ca0e in another /art
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o- 0tate# 0u--icientl, e0ta>li0hed de/rivation o- 0tatutor, right on /art o- /olice chie-0 and 0heri--0#
in /roce00 o- re-uting Fuali-ied immunit, de-en0e# >, claiming that o--icial0 @e/t their /er0onnel
a?a, -rom in0tructor0B cla00e0# cau0ing them to >e relieved o- teaching dutie0 -ollo?ing their
te0timon,# in violation o- 0tatute /rohi>iting in-liction
o- inGur, in retaliation -or te0timon,; 4! 5;.;C;+; N (9%; Hinne, v; 8eaver# ((( ); .u//; !d %3(
E3;D; &e*; !000<: 8e0tB0 He, Num>er Dige0t# Civil "ight0 !(4E6<; Count, 0heri--B0 Fuali-ied
immunit, -rom de/ut, 0heri--B0 N (9%3 )ir0t +mendment retaliation claim /rotected him -rom
having to go to trial# not Gu0t -rom damage0: de/ut, could not o>tain an, remed, -rom him;
5;.;C;+; Con0t;+mend; (: 4! 5;.;C;+; N (9%3; Coc@ro-t v; =oore# 63% ); .u//; !d (0!4 E8;D;
8i0; !009<; S&o/ o- .ectionT S3ND O) .5PP63=3N&T N 6; Pleading con0ideration0 SCumulative
.u//lementT =an, tra/0 can >e-all a /leader ?ho i0 not care-ul in the 0election o- de-endant0;
.ince 0uing an individual in her o--icial ca/acit, i0 treated a0 a 0uit again0t the entit,# it ma, >e
redundant to name >oth the governmental entit, and an, o- it0 admini0trator0 in their o--icial
ca/acit,; 5nle00 there i0 0ome Fue0tion over the legal identit, o- the named entit,# or a Fue0tion
over ?hether it can >e 0ued in it0 o?n name# little i0 gained >, adding the individual
admini0trator0 in their o--icial ca/acit,; Pleading /ractice0 var, -rom Guri0diction to Guri0diction;
S3(T 8here the /ractice i0 to 0ue the o--icial0 e* o--icio# it i0 unnece00ar, to 0e/aratel, name the
entit,: ?here the /ractice i0 to 0ue the entit,# it i0 redundant to name the o--icial0 e* o--icio; &he
>e0t ca0e re0ult in redundant /leading i0 a 0im/le order to 0tri@e or di0mi00 the unnece00ar, /artie0;
&he ?or0t ca0e re0ult i0 a "ule (( 0anction again0t the dra-t0man; S3!T Becau0e o- the0e tra/0#
caution 0hould >e e*erci0ed in 0electing the de-endant0 and in de0ignating their ca/acit,; 5nle00
coun0el i0 0ati0-ied that the con0titutional in-ringement i0 o>viou0 and that the individual actor ?a0
@no?ledgea>le and cul/a>l, vindictiveQthu0 Gu0ti-,ing the /ur0uit o- /unitive damage0Qlittle
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more than additional ha00le lie0 in the /ath o- the /lainti-- ?ho name0 individual de-endant0 ?ith
a>andon; &he0e tactical con0ideration0 are im/ortant to the dra-ter o- the com/laint; &he 0/eci-ic
-act0 are 0u>Gect to 0crutin, earl, in the la?0uit# and interlocutor, a//eal0 can >e ta@en a0 a matter
o- cour0e to derail or dela, the /rogre00 o- the ca0e; &he court0 are increa0ingl, in0i0ting that the
com/laint clearl, 0tate 0/eci-icall, ?hat theor, o- lia>ilit, i0 >eing /ur0ued again0t individual
de-endant0# and the 0/ecter o- "ule (( 0anction0 haunt0 the carele00 /leader; S33T C5=56+&1$3
.5PP63=3N& Ca0e0: + /lainti-- 0uing a /u>lic o--icial under N (9%3 mu0t -ile a com/laint that
re0t0 on more than conclu0ion0 alone: i- a de-endant rai0e0 the de-en0e o- Fuali-ied immunit,# the
di0trict court ma, order the /lainti-- to -ile a re/l, tailored to an0?er the de-endantB0 a00ertion o-
Fuali-ied immunit,# and# in ca0e0 involving an allegation o- im/ro/er di0criminator, motive# the
di0trict court ma, 0ua 0/onte or on the de-endantB0 motion order the /lainti-- to /ut -or?ard
0/eci-ic# nonconclu0or, -actual allegation0 that e0ta>li0h im/ro/er motive cau0ing cogniVa>le
inGur, in order to 0urvive a /redi0cover, motion -or di0mi00al or 0ummar, Gudgment; 4! 5;.;C;+;
N (9%3: )ed " Civ P "ule 7: .hi// v; =c=ahon# (99 );3d !6 Eth Cir; !000<: 8e0tB0 He,
Num>er Dige0t# Civil "ight0 !3%; 1n order to 0tate )ir0t +mendment claim again0t /u>lic
em/lo,er# /u>lic em/lo,ee mu0t 0ho? that E(< he or 0he engaged in con0titutionall, /rotected
0/eech# E!< em/lo,er too@ adver0e em/lo,ment action again0t em/lo,ee# and E3< em/lo,eeB0
0/eech ?a0 a 0u>0tantial or motivating -actor -or the adver0e action; 5;.;C;+; Con0t;+mend; (;
Care, v; =arico/a Count,# 60! ); .u//; !d ((3!# 9! 3m/l; Prac; Dec; ECC2;
Ca0; ECC2e maintained in either 0tate or -ederal
di0trict court0; )ederal court0 have original Guri0diction# S34T and action0 ma, >e -iled in -ederal
court0 ?ithout regard to diver0it, or amount0 in controver0,; .tate court0 have concurrent
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Guri0diction; 8hen a .ection (9%3 action i0 -iled in 0tate court# the court i0 o>ligated to a//l,
-ederal la? to the con0titutional i00ue0 and to all /rocedural matter0 i- -ollo?ing 0tate la? ?ould
>ar acce00 to the court0; S3T 1- an action i0 commenced in 0tate court# the de-endant ha0 the o/tion
o- removal to -ederal court; S36T &he over?helming num>er o- /ure .ection (9%3 action0 have
>een maintained in -ederal court0; Commentator0 0ugge0t that thi0 ha0 >een >ecau0e o- the
/erce/tion that -ederal Gudge0 are more rece/tive o- and @no?ledgea>le a>out con0titutional
claim0; )or thi0 rea0on# the great ?ealth o- authorit, in thi0 area ?ill >e -ound in -ederal ca0e0;
2o?ever# commentator0 note a recent /henomena o- >urgeoning 0tate court action0 -ounded u/on
.ection (9%3 that de-endant0 are not removing; S37T Coun0el 0hould >e a?are o- a gro?ing >od,
o- ca0e0 among the 0tate0; &he choice o- -orum >et?een 0tate court and -ederal court >elong0 to
the /lainti-- in the -ir0t in0tance; S3%T 1- the /lainti-- choo0e0 a 0tate court# the de-en0e ma, remove
to -ederal court; S39T 1- timel, made# the removal i0 automatic and nondi0cretionar,; &here i0 no
/rovi0ion to remove a ca0e the other ?a, Ei;e;# -rom -ederal court to 0tate court<; Once a ca0e i0 in
-ederal court# ?hether >, initial -iling or removal# the -ederal court ?ill remand >ac@ to 0tate court
onl, i- the >a0i0 -or -ederal Guri0diction i0 lo0t or a>andoned; &hi0 mean0 that the /lainti--B0 coun0el
mu0t al?a,0 >e /re/ared to litigate in -ederal court ?hen initiating 0uit under .ection (9%3#
?hether 0tarted in -ederal court or not; C5=56+&1$3 .5PP63=3N& Ca0e0: + Biven0 action i0
the -ederal analog to 0uit0 >rought again0t 0tate o--icial0 under N (9%3; 1t /rovide0 victim0 o- a
con0titutional violation >, a -ederal have a right to recover damage0 again0t the o--icial in -ederal
court de0/ite the a>0ence o- an, 0tatute con-erring 0uch a right; 4! 5;.;C;+; N (9%3; 2artman v;
=oore# (!6 .; Ct; (69# (64 6; 3d; !d 44( E5;.; !006<: 8e0tB0 He, Num>er Dige0t# 5nited .tate0
0;(; S&o/ o- .ectionT S3ND O) .5PP63=3N&T N %; Pendent Guri0diction +ction0 -ounded u/on
em/lo,ment claim0 are -reFuentl, 0tated in alternative count0; + retaliator, termination that
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allegedl, violate0 a -ederal con0titutional right ma, al0o violate a 0tate 0tatute# governmental
regulation# or the term0 o- an e*/re00 or im/lied contract; 8here 0uch 0tate la? claim0 are
com>ined ?ith a .ection (9%3 action -iled in or removed to a -ederal court# the -ederal court ?ill
retain Guri0diction o- all claim0 under the doctrine o- /endent Guri0diction; S40T &he deci0ion o-
?hether to include alternative count0 ?ith a .ection (9%3 action ma, involve the i00ue o-
e*hau0tion o- admini0trative remedie0; 8here a violation o- con0titutional right0 ha0 occurred# an
aggrieved em/lo,ee need not e*hau0t admini0trative remedie0 >e-ore -iling a .ection (9%3 action;
&he em/lo,ee ma, ?ell >e reFuired to do 0o# ho?ever# >e-ore maintaining an, com/anion 0tate
la? claim0; S4(T 5nle00 the admini0trative remedie0 have >een e*hau0ted# or /lainti-- i0 ?illing to
do 0o >e-ore /roceeding ?ith the .ection (9%3 action# it i0 a /oor tactic to com>ine 0tate la?
claim0 ?ith a claim under .ection (9%3; 3ither the action ?ill >e 0ta,ed until the admini0trative
remedie0 are e*hau0ted# or the 0tate claim0 and /erha/0 the entire action ?ill >e di0mi00ed; N 9;
4ur, trial v0; court trial 1- the action i0 /rimaril, advanced -or mone, damage0# a Gur, trial i0
availa>le u/on timel, demand o- either /art,; S4!T 1- the action i0 /rimaril, advanced -or
inGunctive or declarator, relie-# the i00ue0 are to >e determined >, the court and neither 0ide i0
entitled to a Gur,; 8here >oth remedie0 are included and either 0ide demand0 a Gur,# the legal
damage claim0 mu0t >e tried -ir0t to a Gur,# ?ith the eFuita>le claim0 later re0olved >, the court; 1n
0uch an event# the court 0hould >e >ound >, the relevant Gur, -inding0 on the -act0 in an, later
determination on eFuita>le i00ue0; S43T C; +//lication &o 3m/lo,ment Ca0e0 N (0; &he .u/reme
Court deci0ion0 SCumulative .u//lementT Once .ection (9%3 ?a0 redi0covered in the civil right0
area# it0 a//lication ?a0 almo0t immediatel, e*tended into ever, area o- con0titutional inFuir,;
&he -ir0t ca0e to connect a ?rong-ul di0charge claim to the con0titutional right o- -ree 0/eech
through the vehicle o- .ection (9%3# Pic@ering v Board o- 3ducation# ?a0 decided in (96%# ?hen
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the court held -or the -ir0t time that a /u>lic em/lo,ee could not >e 0ummaril, di0charged -or
e*erci0ing the con0titutionall, /rotected right o- -ree 0/eech; S44T 1t ?a0 the -ir0t recogniVed
de/arture -rom /rior ruling0 to the e--ect that /u>lic em/lo,ee0 could >e reFuired to -orego their
right o- -ree 0/eech a0 a condition o- continued em/lo,ment; &he /rior la? ?a0 em>odied in the
o-t'Fuoted /hra0e o- 4u0tice Oliver 8endell 2olme0# ?ho a0 chie- Gu0tice o- the 0u/reme court o-
=a00achu0ett0 0aid# W2e ma, have a con0titutional right to tal@ /olitic0# >ut he ha0 no
con0titutional right to >e a /oliceman;W S4T 2o?ever# the court did not rule that the right o- -ree
0/eech ?a0 a>0olute; 1n0tead# it held that the court mu0t >alance the right o- -ree 0/eech again0t
the governmental em/lo,erB0 in' tere0t in maintaining the integrit, and e--icienc, o- the /u>lic
0ervice entit,; 8hile thi0 did not grant to /u>lic em/lo,ee0 an a>0olute right o- -ree 0/eech# it
o/ened a door that had long >een clo0ed; S46T Over the ne*t t?ent, ,ear0# -ive more ca0e0 reached
the 5nited .tate0 .u/reme Court# re-ining and -illing out the /rinci/le0 0tarted in Pic@ering; 1n
(97!# the court ruled that the )ir0t +mendment /rotection ?a0 an e*ce/tion to the em/lo,ment'at'
?ill doctrine: an em/lo,ee at ?ill in the /u>lic 0ector cannot >e terminated in retaliation -or the
e*erci0e o- /rotected -ree 0/eech; S47T 1n (977# the court de-ined the /roo-
o- cau0ation reFuired to 0u0tain a ?rong-ul termination action and ruled that an em/lo,er could
de-end again0t an a//arent retaliation ca0e >, demon0trating that the adver0e /er0onnel action
?ould have >een ta@en an,?a,; S4%T 1n (979# the court ruled that /rivate 0/eech could >e
/rotected a0 ?ell a0 /u>lic comment; S49T 1n (9%3# the court ruled that# in order to >e /rotected
under the )ir0t +mendment# the 0u>Gect o- the challenged 0/eech had to >e a matter o- /u>lic
concern# e0ta>li0hing a 0econd /rong to the te0t -or determining the availa>ilit, o- con0titutional
/rotection# overla,ing the >alancing reFuirement e0ta>li0hed in Pic@ering; S0T )inall,# in (9%7#
the court ruled that ?here the em/lo,ee 0erved no con-idential# /olic,ma@ing# or /u>lic contact
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role# an, im/act u/on the e--icienc, o- the o/eration o- the /u>lic entit, -rom adver0e 0/eech
?ould /ro>a>l, >e minimal and ?ould reFuire a 0u>0tantial 0ho?ing to overcome the em/lo,eeB0
right o- -ree 0/eech; S(T 8hile the .u/reme Court graduall, recogniVed and re-ined the /rinci/le0
involved# the court ha0 in no 0en0e declared an o/en 0ea0on on em/lo,er0; &o the contrar,# the
/rocedural hurdle0 that e*i0t and the 0u>Gectivit, o- the te0t0 to >e a//lied /re0ent con0idera>le
o>0tacle0 to an, /lainti-- con0idering the cour0e o- litigation; &he court con0i0tentl, comment0 that
?hile )ir0t +mendment right0 are o- 0igni-icant im/ortance# government em/lo,er0 0hould have
con0idera>le di0cretion in /er0onnel matter0 and that care mu0t >e ta@en to en0ure that the 0/ecter
o- )ir0t +mendment claim0 doe0 not undul, inter-ere ?ith the right o- an em/lo,er to Gu0tl,
di0ci/line and manage it0 em/lo,ee0; W9overnment o--ice0 could not -unction i- ever,
em/lo,ment deci0ion >ecame a con0titutional matter;W S!T C5=56+&1$3 .5PP63=3N&
Ca0e0: 9overnment em/lo,ee doe0 not relinFui0h all )ir0t +mendment right0 other?i0e enGo,ed
>, citiVen0 Gu0t >, rea0on o- hi0 or her em/lo,ment: on the other hand# governmental em/lo,er
ma, im/o0e certain re0traint0 on 0/eech o- it0 em/lo,ee0 that ?ould >e uncon0titutional i- a//lied
to the general /u>lic; 5;.;C;+; Con0t;+mend; (; Cit, o- .an Diego# Cal; v; "oe# (! .; Ct; !(#
!! 1;3;"; Ca0; EBN+< ( E5;.; !004<: 8e0tB0 He, Num>er Dige0t# Ban@ru/tc, %!E((<; ./ea@ing a0
citiVen or a0 em/lo,ee: 1n determining ?hether /u>lic em/lo,eeB0 0/eech i0 /rotected >, )ir0t
+mendment# 0/eech i0 entitled to Pic@ering >alancing onl, ?hen em/lo,ee 0/ea@0 a0 citiVen u/on
matter0 o- /u>lic concern rather than a0 em/lo,ee u/on matter0 onl, o- /er0onal intere0t; 5;.;C;+;
Con0t;+mend; (; Cit, o- .an Diego# Cal; v; "oe# (! .; Ct; !(# !! 1;3;"; Ca0; EBN+< ( E5;.;
!004<: 8e0tB0 He, Num>er Dige0t# Ban@ru/tc, 90;(E7;!<; Court0 mu0t e*amine content# -orm# and
conte*t o- given 0tatement# a0 revealed >, the ?hole record# in a00e00ing ?hether /u>lic
em/lo,eeB0 0/eech addre00e0 Wmatter o- /u>lic concernW -or )ir0t +mendment /ur/o0e0; 5;.;C;+;
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Con0t;+mend; (; Cit, o- .an Diego# Cal; v; "oe# (! .; Ct; !(# !! 1;3;"; Ca0; EBN+< ( E5;.;
!004<: 8e0tB0 He, Num>er Dige0t# Ban@ru/tc, 90;(E7;!<; Porn 0tar /olice o--icer: O--'dut,
activitie0 o- /olice o--icer# ?ho videota/ed him0el- 0tri//ing o-- generic /olice uni-orm and
engaging in act0 o- ma0tur>ation and ?ho o--ered home'made video0 -or 0ale on online auction
0ite# -ell out0ide )ir0t +mendment /rotection a--orded >, N&35 line o- ca0e0 -or 0/eech unrelated
to em/lo,ment and having no e--ect on mi00ion and /ur/o0e o- em/lo,er: although o--icerB0
activitie0 too@ /lace out0ide the ?or@/lace and /ur/orted to >e a>out 0u>Gect0 not related to hi0
em/lo,ment# /olice de/artment demon0trated legitimate and 0u>0tantial intere0t0 o- it0 o?n that
?ere com/romi0ed >, o--icerB0 0/eech; 5;.;C;+; Con0t;+mend; (; Cit, o- .an Diego# Cal; v; "oe#
(! .; Ct; !(# !! 1;3;"; Ca0; EBN+< ( E5;.; !004<: 8e0tB0 He, Num>er Dige0t# Ban@ru/tc,
90;(E7;!<; WPu>lic concernW: .tandard -or determining ?hether government em/lo,eeB0 e*/re00ion
i0 o- W/u>lic concernW -or )ir0t +mendment /ur/o0e0 i0 0ame 0tandard u0ed to determine ?hether
common la? action -or inva0ion o- /rivac, i0 /re0ent: W/u>lic concernW i0 0omething that i0
0u>Gect o- legitimate ne?0 intere0t# i;e;# 0u>Gect o- general intere0t and o- value and concern to
/u>lic at time o- /u>lication; 5;.;C;+; Con0t;+mend; (; Cit, o- .an Diego# Cal; v; "oe# (! .; Ct;
!(# !! 1;3;"; Ca0; EBN+< ( E5;.; !004<: 8e0tB0 He, Num>er Dige0t# Ban@ru/tc, 90;(E7;!<; 1n
determining validit,# under )ir0t +mendment# o- re0traint on Go>'related 0/eech o- /u>lic
em/lo,ee0# court mu0t arrive at >alance >et?een E(< intere0t0 o- em/lo,ee# a0 citiVen# in
commenting u/on matter o- /u>lic concern# and E!< intere0t o- 0tate# a0 em/lo,er# in /romoting
e--icienc, o- /u>lic 0ervice0 that 0tate /er-orm0 through it0 em/lo,ee0; 5nited .tate0 v National
&rea0ur, 3m/lo,ee0 5nion E(99# 5.< (30 6 3d !d 964# (( . Ct (003# 9 CDO. (300# 9
Dail, 4ournal D+" !307# (0 BN+ 13" Ca0 4!# % )68 )ed . 90# later /roceeding 5nited .tate0
v National &rea0ur, 3m/lo,ee0 5nion E(99# 5.< (3( 6 3d !d (93# (( . Ct (3(0; +
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government em/lo,er violate0 the )ederal Con0titutionB0 )ir0t +mendment ?here E(< an em/lo,ee
engage0 in 0/eech that i0 /rotected under the )ir0t +mendment: and E!< the em/lo,er# holding an
erroneou0 and unrea0ona>le >elie- a>out ?hat the em/lo,ee 0aid# di0ci/line0 the em/lo,ee >a0ed
on the em/lo,eeB0 0/eech; 8ater0 v Churchill E(994# 5.< (!% 6 3d !d 6%6# ((4 . Ct (%7%# 94
CDO. 3%0# 94 Dail, 4ournal D+" 7!!4# 9 BN+ 13" Ca0 %0(# % )68 )ed . (63# motion den
E5.< (30 6 3d !d (0# (( . Ct 49; S&o/ o- .ectionT S3ND O) .5PP63=3N&T N ((;
Con0titutional reFuirement0 -or the cau0e o- action SCumulative .u//lementT +0 a re0ult o- the0e
ca0e0# the e00ential element0 o- a ?rong-ul termination or ?rong-ul demotion ca0e -ounded on the
)ir0t +mendment have >een >oiled do?n to three te0t0: =atter o- /u>lic concern &he -ir0t te0t i0
the thre0hold determination; Doe0 the 0/eech involve a matter o- /u>lic concernZ &he evaluation
i0 >a0ed u/on the content# -orm# and conte*t o- the given 0tatement a0 revealed >, the entire
record; 1- the an0?er
1ndeed# N"CP "563 ; .3"$1C3 +ND )161N9 O) P63+D1N9. +ND O&23"
P+P3". reFuire0 that:
CEa< .ervice: 8hen "eFuired; 3*ce/t a0 other?i0e /rovided in the0e rule0# ever,
order reFuired >, it0 term0 to >e 0erved#;;; E><E!< .ervice under thi0 rule i0 made >,:
E+< Delivering a co/, to the attorne, or the /art, >,: Ei< handing it to the attorne, or
to the /art,: Eii< leaving it at the attorne,[0 or /art,[0 o--ice ?ith a cler@ or other
/er0on in charge# or i- there i0 no one in charge# leaving it in a con0/icuou0 /lace in
the o--ice: or Eiii< i- the o--ice i0 clo0ed or the /er0on to >e 0erved ha0 no o--ice#
leaving it at the /er0on[0 d?elling hou0e or u0ual /lace o- a>ode ?ith 0ome /er0on o-
0uita>le age and di0cretion re0iding thing a co/, >, electronic mean0 if the attorney
or the party sere! has "onsente! to seri"e #y e$e"troni" %eans;;; &he 0erved
attorne,[0 or /art,[0 con0ent to 0ervice >, electronic mean0 0hall >e e&press$y state!
an! fi$e! in 'ritin( 'ith the "$er) of the "o*rt and 0erved on the other /artie0 to the
action; &he ?ritten con0ent 0hall identi-,: Ei< the /er0on0 u/on ?hom 0ervice mu0t >e
made: Eii< the a//ro/riate addre00 or location -or 0uch 0ervice# 0uch a0 the electronic'
mail addre00 or -ac0imile num>er: Eiii< the -ormat to >e u0ed -or attachment0: and Eiv<
an, other limit0 on the 0co/e or duration o- the con0ent; +n attorne,[0 or /art,[0
con0ent 0hall remain e--ective until e*/re00l, revo@ed or until the re/re0entation o- a
/art, change0 through entr,# ?ithdra?al# or 0u>0titution o- coun0el; +n attorne, or
/art, ?ho ha0 con0ented to 0ervice >, electronic mean0 0hall# ?ithin (0 da,0 a-ter an,
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change o- electronic'mail addre00 or -ac0imile num>er# 0erve and -ile notice o- the
ne? electronic'mail addre00 or -ac0imile num>er; E3< .ervice >, electronic mean0
under "ule E><E!<ED< i0 not e--ective i- the /art, ma@ing 0ervice learn0 that the
attem/ted 0ervice did not reach the /er0on to >e 0erved; E4< Proo- o- 0ervice ma, >e
made >, certi-icate o- an attorne, or o- the attorne,[0 em/lo,ee# or >, ?ritten
admi00ion# or >, a--idavit# or other /roo- 0ati0-actor, to the court; )ailure to ma@e
/roo- o- 0ervice 0hall not a--ect the validit, o- 0ervice;
N"CP 9Ee<: +e, Motion to A$ter or A%en! a -*!(%ent. + motion to alter or amend the
Gudgment 0hall>e -iled no later than (0 da,0 a-ter 0ervice o- ?ritten notice o- entr, o- the Gudgment;D
"&olling 3--ect o- .ome Po0t'4udgment =otion0 4u0t >ecau0e /o0t'Gudgment motion0 have >een
-iled doe0 not mean that the time to a//eal the /rinci/al Gudgment i0 automaticall, tolled; "ather#
onl, 0ome /o0t'Gudgment motion0 have a tolling e--ect and other motion0# ?hich are not
inde/endentl, tolling# have a tolling e--ect onl, ?hen com>ined ?ith other /ending tolling motion0;
)or the mo0t /art# ho?ever# the onl, tolling motion0 are the -our li0ted in N"+P 4Ea<E4<; =otion -or
"econ0iderationA"ehearing + motion -or recon0iderationArehearing -iled under the authorit, o-
3DC" !;!4# or other 0imilar local rule0# mu0t >e -iled ?ithin (0 da,0 a-ter 0ervice o- the notice o- the
order or Gudgment;
1t ?a0 rever0i>le error in the underl,ing matter ?here the Court: re-u0ed to grant a
continuance o- the Novem>er 30
th
# !0(( &rial# -ailed to /rovide the .i*th +mendment0 guarantee o-
a "ight to Coun0el >oth in the /etit the-t &rial and once even the 0/ecter o- a .ummar, Contem/t
-inding ?a0 announced; 8a, too /reGudicial to den, the right to coun0el then announce the Court
?ould nail the under0igned ?ith contem/t -or attem/ting to Vealou0l, advocate on hi0 o?n >ehal-;
)urther# re-u0ing to allo? inFuir, into the 0tated retaliator, motive0 o- 8al'=art and it0 +00et
Protection divi0ion# e0/eciall, vi0 a vi0# 8al'=artB0 e0ta>li0hed /ractice# even >, it0 manager0# o-
outright l,ing the the /u>lic re/eatedl, a>out the term0 and e--ect o- the /o0ted "eturn Polic,
a//lica>le to /urcha0e0 in 8al'=art 0tore0; +dditionall,# /ro0ecutorial mi0conduct# E0u>orning
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/erGur,# -ailing to turn over di0cover, in a timel, manner# l,ing a>out ?hether the "eno Cit,
+ttorne, had received an,thing -rom the ".1C# etc< Gu0ti-, overturning the verdict; +dditionall,# the
/ro0ecution0 im/ro/er motive in thi0 retaliator, /ro0ecution 0tem0 -rom a de0ire to undermine the
under0ignedB0 credi>ilit, and a>ilit, to litigate e0/eciall, vi0 a vi0 the ?rong-ul arre0t# negligent
hiring training and 0u/ervi0ion la?0uit that the "eno Cit, +ttorne, received ?arning o- ?ell in
advance o- the arre0t in thi0 matter; )urther im/ro/rietie0 and due /roce00 de-iciencie0 in the "eno
=unici/al Court and it0 -iling o--ice Gu0ti-, overturning the conviction; +dditionall,# a Notice o-
3ntr, o- Order here -rom the "=C i0 li@el, reFuired given the Order ?a0 com/lete out0ide the
/re0ence o- one o- the /artie0 Emade in a>0entia<# and there-ore rendition o- Order i0 li@el, not
0u--icient; )urther# the /ro0ecution did not meet it0 >urden to /rove an, o- the element0 o- the crime
charged: CEa< 1ntentionall, 0teal0# ta@e0 and carrie0 a?a,# lead0 a?a, or drive0 a?a,;;;D 3ach o- the
three ?itne00e0 contradicted them0elve0 a0 the material -act0# including ?hether the 5PC at i00ue
a//eared on >oth recei/t0 and ?hether the under0igned /rovided hi0 driverB0 licen0e to the ".1C
O--icer0# ?hich the video 0ho?ed he did# and there-ore# the /ro>a>le cau0e to conduct a 0earch
incident to a cu0todial arre0t i0 vitiated and /erGur, a//arent >, all three ?itne00e0 and mi0conduct
>, the "eno Cit, +ttorne,; +ll argument0 made >elo?# ?hether at &rial or in the /a/er0 on -ile or
other?i0e 0u>mitted to the "=C are here>, incor/orated >, re-erence;
"=C .ec; %;(0;040; ' Petit larcen,: 1t i0 unla?-ul -or an, /er0on to ta@e or carr, a?a, the
/ro/ert, o- another ?ith the intent to de/rive the o?ner o- hi0 /ro/ert, therein# in an, value le00 than
P!0;00# and -or hi0 conviction there-or# he 0hall >e -ined in an amount not more than P(#000;00
andAor >e incarcerated not more than 0i* month0; 1n addition to an, other /enalt,# the court 0hall
order the /er0on to /a, re0titution;D ECode (966# N ((;(!;003: Ord; No; !76!# N (# %'(3'79: Ord; No;
3%66# N (# 9'!'%9: Ord; No; 4%(# N (# (0'!%'97: Ord; No; 0%# N (# (('(!'99< .tate la? re-erence
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Q Petit larcen,# N". !0;!40; N". !0;!40 Petit larcen,: /enalt,; (; 3*ce/t a0 other?i0e
/rovided in N". !0;!!0# !0;!!6# !0;!!% and 47;(0# a /er0on commit0 /etit larcen, i- the
/er0on: Ea< 1ntentionall, 0teal0# ta@e0 and carrie0 a?a,# lead0 a?a, or drive0 a?a,: E(<
Per0onal good0 or /ro/ert,# ?ith a value o- le00 than P60# o?ned >, another /er0on: E!<
Bedding# -urniture or other /ro/ert,# ?ith a value o- le00 than P60# ?hich the /er0on# a0 a lodger# i0
to u0e in or ?ith hi0 or her lodging and ?hich i0 o?ned >, another /er0on: or E3< "eal
/ro/ert,# ?ith a value o- le00 than P60# that the /er0on ha0 converted into /er0onal /ro/ert, >,
0evering it -rom real /ro/ert, o?ned >, another /er0on; E>< 1ntentionall, 0teal0# ta@e0 and carrie0
a?a,# lead0 a?a,# drive0 a?a, or entice0 a?a, one or more dome0ticated animal0 or dome0ticated
>ird0# ?ith an aggregate value o- le00 than P60# o?ned >, another /er0on; !; 5nle00 a greater
/enalt, i0 /rovided /ur0uant to N". !0;!67# a /er0on ?ho commit0 /etit larcen, i0 guilt, o- a
mi0demeanor; 1n addition to an, other /enalt,# the court 0hall order the /er0on to /a, re0titution;
S(9(( C\P N 374: + (947# %: (949# (!7: (943 NC6 N (03!4TQEN". + (96# 300# (007: (967#
00: (969# 3(: (9%3# 47: (9%# 7(: (9%9# (434: (99# (3: (997# 34!# (((4: (999# 3(09: !009#
(!43: !0((# (6< N". !0;!( Determination o- value o- /ro/ert, involved in larcen, o--en0e;
)or the /ur/o0e0 o- N". !0;!(7 to !0;!707# inclu0ive: (; &he value o- /ro/ert, involved in a
larcen, o--en0e 0hall >e deemed to >e the highe0t value attri>uta>le to the /ro/ert, >, an, rea0ona>le
0tandard; !; &he value o- /ro/ert, involved in larcen, o--en0e0 committed >, one or more
/er0on0 /ur0uant to a 0cheme or continuing cour0e o- conduct ma, >e aggregated in determining the
grade o- the larcen, o--en0e0; 9rant v; .tate# !4 P;3d 76( !34 6+"C3N7 !3411 Pro0ecution and
Puni0hment !3411EB< 3vidence !34 4 8eight and .u--icienc, !34@7 @; 1ntent; Nev;#!00(
"eFui0ite -inding o- intent to /ermanentl, de/rive o?ner o- /ro/ert, ?a0 0u//orted in grand larcen,
/ro0ecution >, evidence that de-endant ?a0 0een tuc@ing ca0ino /atronB0 /ur0e into hi0 Gac@et 0everal
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time0 and heading to?ard0 lo>>, and e*it o- ca0ino; N;";.; !0;!!0 # 0u>d; (# !0;!!!# 0u>d0; !# 3;
2ogan v; .tate# 36 P;!d (0!% Nev;#(97 &here ?a0 0u--icient evidence o- -eloniou0 a0/ortation0 o-
air conditioner -rom -enced com/ound at rear o- 0tore to 0u//ort conviction0 -or grand larcen,
not?ith0tanding de-endant0B a00ertion0 that the, -ound the air conditioner out0ide the -ence and
>elieved it ?a0 a>andoned; N;";.; !0;!!0 ; .tate v; Phi//0# !%! P; (0!4 Nev;#(9!9 3vidence in
/ro0ecution -or larcen, o- mining /ro/ert, held not to 0ho? code-endantB0 intent to ta@e# 0teal# or
carr, a?a, /er0onal /ro/ert,; .tate v; 8ard# (0 P; (33 Nev;#(%%6 &he -act0 that de-endant too@ a
hor0e -rom the /remi0e0 o- it0 o?ner ?ithout hi0 @no?ledge# and rode it -or a certain di0tance# and
then a>andoned it# a-ter removing and concealing the 0addle and >lan@et# are 0u--icient to Gu0ti-, a
-inding o- intent /ermanentl, to de/rive the o?ner o- hi0 /ro/ert,# although de-endant te0ti-ie0 that
he had engaged another to ta@e it >ac@# and ?hen he did not a//ear he e*/ected 0ome one to ta@e it
>ac@# or that the animal ?ould 0tra, >ac@; N". !0;0%!4 CDe/riveD de-ined; CDe/riveD mean0
to ?ithhold a /ro/ert, intere0t o- another /er0on /ermanentl, or -or 0o long a time that a 0u>0tantial
/ortion o- it0 value# u0e-ulne00 or enGo,ment i0 lo0t# or to ?ithhold it ?ith the intent to re0tore it onl,
u/on the /a,ment o- a re?ard or other com/en0ation# or to tran0-er or di0/o0e o- it 0o that it i0
unli@el, to >e recovered; N". !0;0%3! +ction0 ?hich con0titute the-t; (; 3*ce/t a0 other?i0e
/rovided in 0u>0ection !# a /er0on commit0 the-t i-# ?ithout la?-ul authorit,# the /er0on @no?ingl,:
Ea< Control0 an, /ro/ert, o- another /er0on ?ith the intent to de/rive that /er0on o- the /ro/ert,;
E>< Convert0# ma@e0 an unauthoriVed tran0-er o- an intere0t in# or ?ithout authoriVation control0
an, /ro/ert, o- another /er0on# or u0e0 the 0ervice0 or /ro/ert, o- another /er0on entru0ted to him or
her or /laced in hi0 or her /o00e00ion -or a limited# authoriVed /eriod o- determined or /re0cri>ed
duration or -or a limited u0e; Ec< O>tain0 real# /er0onal or intangi>le /ro/ert, or the 0ervice0 o-
another /er0on >, a material mi0re/re0entation ?ith intent to de/rive that /er0on o- the /ro/ert, or
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0ervice0; +0 u0ed in thi0 /aragra/h# Cmaterial mi0re/re0entationD mean0 the u0e o- an, /reten0e# or
the ma@ing o- an, /romi0e# re/re0entation or 0tatement o- /re0ent# /a0t or -uture -act ?hich i0
-raudulent and ?hich# ?hen u0ed or made# i0 in0trumental in cau0ing the ?rong-ul control or tran0-er
o- /ro/ert, or 0ervice0; &he /reten0e ma, >e ver>al or it ma, >e a /h,0ical act; Ed< Come0 into
control o- lo0t# mi0laid or mi0delivered /ro/ert, o- another /er0on under circum0tance0 /roviding
mean0 o- inFuir, a0 to the true o?ner and a//ro/riate0 that /ro/ert, to hi0 or her o?n u0e or that o-
another /er0on ?ithout rea0ona>le e--ort0 to noti-, the true o?ner; Ee< Control0 /ro/ert, o-
another /er0on @no?ing or having rea0on to @no? that the /ro/ert, ?a0 0tolen; E-< O>tain0
0ervice0 or /art0# /roduct0 or other item0 related to 0uch 0ervice0 ?hich the /er0on @no?0 are
availa>le onl, -or com/en0ation ?ithout /a,ing or agreeing to /a, com/en0ation or divert0 the
0ervice0 o- another /er0on to hi0 or her o?n >ene-it or that o- another /er0on ?ithout la?-ul
authorit, to do 0o; Eg< &a@e0# de0tro,0# conceal0 or di0/o0e0 o- /ro/ert, in ?hich another /er0on
ha0 a 0ecurit, intere0t# ?ith intent to de-raud that /er0on; Eh< Commit0 an, act that i0 declared to
>e the-t >, a 0/eci-ic 0tatute; Ei< Dra?0 or /a00e0 a chec@# and in e*change o>tain0 /ro/ert, or
0ervice0# i- the /er0on @no?0 that the chec@ ?ill not >e /aid ?hen /re0ented; EG< O>tain0 ga0oline
or other -uel or automotive /roduct0 ?hich are availa>le onl, -or com/en0ation ?ithout /a,ing or
agreeing to /a, com/en0ation; !; + /er0on ?ho commit0 an act that i0 /rohi>ited >, 0u>0ection (
?hich involve0 the re/air o- a vehicle ha0 not committed the-t unle00# >e-ore the re/air ?a0 made#
the /er0on received a ?ritten e0timate o- the co0t o- the re/air; 1t0 ?a0 rever0i>le error ?here 4udge
2o?ard Did not com/l, ?ith the a>ove and the >urden o- /roo- ?a0 not met in con0ieration -o the
evidence o--ered; )urther# +//ellant ?a0 re-u0ed hi0 o//ortunit, to te0ti-, or /ut on evidence# Cit,
o- "eno 0u>orned /erGur,# ect# etc; 1ntent ?a0 mi00ing too# and# a00umign the accu0ation0 are true#
an,one con0uming that man, o- tho0e cough dro/0 ?ould not >e ca/a>le o- -orming the reFui0ite
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intent; DriverB0 licen0e ?a0 o--ered# there-ore rever0i>le error to allo? >a0ing the 0earch on -ailure to
/rovide driverB0 licen0e or 0u--icent indenti-,ing in-ormation to i00ue a citation; )ruit o- /oi0on tree;
4udgment !94 to 33;
Ne? &rial (3 to (6%;
8e0tla? &o/ic No0; !!%# !7;
C;4;.; 4udgment0 NN !7 to !%0# !%! to 304# 33( to 33# 34# 347# 30# 360 to 36!# 370 to
374# 40% to 4(4# 4!(# 434 to 43# 437# 44! to 447# 4!# 47# 473# 47# 4%3 to 49;
C;4;.; Ne? &rial NN (7 to (64# (67 to !90;
NO&3. O) D3C1.1ON.
+--idavit0 !9
+greement0 and 0ti/ulation0 (!
+mendment0 to rule !
+//eala>le order0# revie? 33
Cautiou0 a//lication 4
Con-lict o- la?0 3
Con0truction and a//lication (
Di0cretion o- trial court !(
Di0/o0ition# revie? 37
3vidence# Gur, mi0conduct %
1ncon0i0tenc, o- verdict (6
1rregularit, in /roceeding0 (4
4ur, mi0conduct 6'%
4ur, mi0conduct ' 1n general 6
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4ur, mi0conduct ' 3vidence %
4ur, mi0conduct ' =ani-e0t di0regard o- in0truction0 7
=ani-e0t di0regard o- in0truction0# Gur, mi0conduct 7
=i0conduct o- coun0el (0
=i0conduct o- /artie0 9
=i0conduct o- ?itne00e0 ((
=otion -or ne? trial !6'!%
=otion -or ne? trial ' 1n general !6
=otion -or ne? trial ' &ime -or motion -or ne? trial !7
=otion -or ne? trial ' 8aiver o- notice !%
=otion to alter or amend Gudgment !3'!
=otion to alter or amend Gudgment ' 1n general !3
=otion to alter or amend Gudgment ' .ervice o- notice !
=otion to alter or amend Gudgment ' &ime -or motion to alter or amend Gudgment !4
Nature and 0co/e o- remed,
Ne?l, di0covered evidence !!
Notice o- motion -or a//eal# revie? 3
Nunc /ro tunc order0 44
Order granting or re-u0ing ne? trial 30
Plain error !0
Pre0ervation o- i00ue -or revie? or motion !%;
"evie? 3!'37
"evie? ' 1n general 3!
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"evie? ' +//eala>le order0 33
"evie? ' Di0/o0ition 37
"evie? ' Notice o- motion -or a//eal 3
"evie? ' .co/e o- revie? 36
"evie? ' &imeline00 o- a//lication 34
.co/e o- ne? trial grant 3(
.co/e o- revie? 36
.ervice o- notice# motion to alter or amend Gudgment !
.ur/ri0e (3
&ime -or motion -or ne? trial !7
&ime -or motion to alter or amend Gudgment !4
&imeline00 o- a//lication# revie? 34
$erdict contrar, to evidence (7
$erdict contrar, to la? (%
$erdict e--ected >, /a00ion or /reGudice# generall, (9
$erdict -orm (
8aiver o- notice# motion -or ne? trial !%
(; Con0truction and a//lication
Com/; 6a?0# N 3(63# /ermitting the court# in -urtherance o- Gu0tice# u/on Gu0t term0# to relieve
a /art, -rom a Gudgment# order or other /roceeding ta@en again0t him through mi0ta@e# inadvertence#
0ur/ri0e# or e*cu0a>le neglect# 0hould >e ver, li>erall, con0trued in -urtherance o-
it0 /ur/o0e; 8hi0e v; 8hi0e# (9(3# (3( P; 967# 36 Nev; (6; 4udgment 337
!; +mendment0 to rule
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&he /ur/o0e o- amendment o- rule o- civil /rocedure to eliminate a0 a ground -or a ne? trial
Cin0u--icienc, o- the evidence to Gu0ti-, the verdictD i0 to /reclude a trial court -rom 0u>0tituting
it0 vie? o- the evidence -or that o- a Gur, in a ca0e ?here the lo0ing /art, i0 not entitled to
Gudgment a0 a matter o- la?; N"CP 9; )o* v; Cu0ic@# (97# 33 P;!d 466# 9( Nev; !(%; Ne?
&rial 70
3; Con-lict o- la?0
"ule governing motion to amend Gudgment did not nece00aril, relate to 0ame 0u>Gect a0 and
?a0 not in con-lict ?ith 0tatute governing motion to reta* and to 0ettle co0t0# and# thu0# allegedl,
more 0/eci-ic 0tatute governing motion to reta* co0t0 did not control /h,0icianB0 challenge
to Gudgment o- P4#9%;!4# ?hich ?a0 entered u/on o--er o- Gudgment o- P0#000# including
co0t0 in amount o- P4#9%;!4; "ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule 9Ee<: N;";.; (%;((0# 0u>d; 4;
)lei0cher v; +ugu0t# (9%7# 737 P;!d (%# (03 Nev; !4!; 4udgment 90
4; Cautiou0 a//lication
3ven >e-ore rule o- civil /rocedure relating to ne? trial ?a0 amended 0o a0 to eliminate a0 a
ground -or ne? trial Cin0u--icienc, o- the evidence to Gu0ti-, the verdict#D the trial court ?a0
o>liged to u0e great caution in the e*erci0e o- it0 /o?er to 0et a0ide a Gur, verdict u/on that
ground; N"CP 9; )o* v; Cu0ic@# (97# 33 P;!d 466# 9( Nev; !(%; Ne? &rial 70
; Nature and 0co/e o- remed,
+//ellantB0 contention that evidence -ailed to 0u//ort Gudgment ?ould not >e con0idered
?here a//ellant had made no motion -or a directed verdict# -or Gudgment not?ith0tanding the
verdict# or -or ne? trial; N"CP 0Ea# ><# 9Ea<; Bill .tremmel =otor0# 1nc; v; Hern0# (97# 3(
P;!d (37# 9( Nev; ((0; +//eal +nd 3rror !37E<: +//eal +nd 3rror !3%E!<: +//eal
+nd 3rror !94E(<
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00956
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3*ce/t in con-ormit, ?ith e0ta>li0hed /rocedure0# lo?er court ?a0 ?ithout Guri0diction to alter
Gudgment di0mi00ing a Fuiet title action ?ithout /reGudice# and it0 order /ur/orting to do 0o
?a0 void; N"CP 9Ee<# 60E><E3<: Di0trict Court "ule0# rule !0# 0u>d; 4; Dredge Cor/; v; Peccole#
(973# 0 P;!d !90# %9 Nev; !6; Xuieting &itle 4
"ule /roviding that ?here i00ue0 have >een litigated and re0olved# motion ma, >e made to alter
or amend Gudgment ma, not >e utiliVed to vacate de-ault Gudgment; N"CP 9Ee<# 60E><;
Chiara v; Belau0tegui# (970# 477 P;!d %7# %6 Nev; %6; 4udgment (3
)act0 occurring 0u>0eFuent to trial cannot >e con0idered ?ith vie? to granting ne? trial or rever0ing
Gudgment o- trial court; )o* v; )ir0t 8e0tern .av; \ 6oan +00Bn# (970# 470 P;!d 4!4#
%6 Nev; 469; +//eal +nd 3rror %37E9<: Ne? &rial (00
+llegation that te0timon, o- ?itne00 ?ould 0ho? that Gudgment ?a0 clearl, erroneou0 doe0
not ?arrant di0regard o- reFuirement that rea0ona>le diligence -or -ailure to /roduce ?itne00
at trial >e 0ho?n or authoriVe granting o- ne? trial; N"CP 9Ea<; .no? v; Pioneer &itle 1n0;
Co;# (96%# 444 P;!d (!# %4 Nev; 4%0; Ne? &rial (!4E(<
6; 4ur, mi0conduct''1n general
1n a>0ence o- a 0ho?ing o- /lain error or a 0ho?ing o- mani-e0t inGu0tice# in0u--icienc, o- the
evidence to 0u//ort the verdict i0 no longer a >a0i0 -or motion -or ne? trial on i00ue o- damage0
>a0ed u/on ground o- mani-e0t di0regard >, Gur, o- in0truction0 o- court; N"CP 9Ea<#
Ea<E<; 3i@el>erger v; &olotti# (97%# 74 P;!d !77# 94 Nev; %; Ne? &rial 66
7; '''' =ani-e0t di0regard o- in0truction0# Gur, mi0conduct
4ur,B0 verdict in 0li/ and -all ca0e# ari0ing -rom -all in dining room near >u--et line# ?a0 con0i0tent
?ith Gur, in0truction0# and there-ore ne? trial ?a0 not mandated de0/ite o?nerB0 con'
tention that Gur, di0regarded in0truction0 on lia>ilit, -or /re0ence o- -oreign 0u>0tance on
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-loor# actual and con0tructive notice# and e0ta>li0hment o- negligence >, 0u>Gective evidence;
"ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule 9Ea<E<; Paul v; 1m/erial Palace# 1nc;# (99# 90% P;!d !!6# ((( Nev;
(44; Ne? &rial 7!E9<
Ne? trial ma, >e granted ?hen Gur, mani-e0tl, di0regard0 courtB0 in0truction0; Carl0on v; 6ocatelli#
(993# %49 P;!d 3(3# (09 Nev; !7; Ne? &rial 66
4ur, did not mani-e0tl, di0regard in0truction concerning contri>utor, negligence# even though
Gur, le-t >lan@ the 0/ecial verdict -orm: evidence indicated that Gur, had 0im/l, -illed in general
verdict -orm a-ter ma@ing nece00ar, reduction0 >a0ed u/on it0 com/arative negligence
-inding0; Carl0on v; 6ocatelli# (993# %49 P;!d 3(3# (09 Nev; !7; &rial 36E(<
Di0trict court ma, grant ne? trial i- it -ind0 that Gur, ha0 0ho?n mani-e0t di0regard -or in0truction0
o- court; "ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule 9Ea<E<; = \ " 1nv; Co;# 1nc; v; =andarino# (9%7# 74%
P;!d 4%%# (03 Nev; 7((; Ne? &rial 44E(<
1- Gur, had correctl, a//lied la? in medical mal/ractice action# it ?ould have >een im/o00i>le
-or them to reach verdict in -avor o- doctor ?ho ?a0 general /ractitioner# ?here onl, t?o e*/ert
?itne00e0# ?ho ?ere va0cular 0urgeon0# te0ti-ied that doctor did not com/l, ?ith 0tandard
o- care reFuired o- general /ractitioner and that leg could have >een 0alvaged i- /atient had received
/ro/er care on her vi0it to doctor# and doctor /re0ented no evidence to contradict te0timon,
o- e*/ert0 regarding a//ro/riate 0tandard o- care# nor did 0he give o/inion a0 to ?hether
her conduct violated 0tandard o- care# even though 0he te0ti-ied that her diagno0i0 ?a0 >a0ed
on her @no?ledge o- the hi0tor, and /h,0ical a//earance o- /atientB0 leg: thu0# trial court did
not err in ordering ne? trial >a0ed u/on Gur,B0 mani-e0t di0regard o- in0truction0; "ule0
Civ;Proc;# "ule 9Ea<E<; "ee0 v; "oderiFue0# (9%# 70( P;!d (0(7# (0( Nev; 30!; 3vidence
7(E3<: Ne? &rial 7!E9<
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1n action >, tenant again0t 0eller and in0taller o- light -i*ture ari0ing a-ter -i*ture -ell -rom
a/artmentB0 ceiling# 0tri@ing tenant on the head# evidence that -i*ture ma, have -allen due to
0tri//ed thread0 on end o- /i/e# cau0ing it to >e in0ecurel, -a0tened# /ermitted -inding# under
in0truction0 given# that neither 0eller nor in0taller ?a0 lia>le: thu0# ne? trial ?a0 not reFuired#
-ollo?ing verdict -or de-endant0# or theor, that Gur, mani-e0tl, di0regarded in0truction0; "ule0
Civ;Proc;# "ule 9Ea<# Ea<E<; &o?n \ Countr, 3lec; Co;# 1nc; v; 2a?@e# (9%4# 69! P;!d 490#
(00 Nev; 70(; Ne? &rial 66
1n action to recover damage0 -or alleged >reach o- con0truction contract# di0trict court erred
>, granting ne? trial on ground that Gur, had di0regarded it0 in0truction0 regarding /revention
o- /er-ormance# ?here Gur, ma, ?ell have -ound that /lainti--B0 -ailure to -ile -inancial 0tatement
?a0 minor >reach ?hich did not /revent or a--ect de-endantB0 a>ilit, to /er-orm >ecau0e
it ?a0 ignored >, /artie0# and Gur, ma, have -urther concluded that de-endantB0 -ailure to 0u'
/ervi0e 0u>contractor /ro/erl, ?a0 >reach o- 0u--icient magnitude to ?arrant hi0 di0mi00al
and termination o- contract; "ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule 9Ea<E<; 8eaver Bro0;# 6td; v; =i00@elle,#
(9%!# 64 P;!d 43%# 9% Nev; !3!; Ne? &rial 66
1n determining /ro/riet, o- granting o- ne? trial -or rea0on o- CSmTani-e0t di0regard >, the
Gur, o- the in0truction0 o- the court#D Fue0tion i0 ?hether court i0 a>le to declare that had Guror0
/ro/erl, a//lied in0truction0 o- court# it ?ould have >een im/o00i>le -or them to reach
verdict ?hich the, reached; "ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule 9Ea<E<; 8eaver Bro0;# 6td; v; =i00@elle,#
(9%!# 64 P;!d 43%# 9% Nev; !3!; Ne? &rial 66
&he trial court i0 o>ligated to grant a ne? trial i- the Guror0 could not have reached the verdict
that the, reached i- the, had /ro/erl, a//lied the courtB0 in0truction on /ro*imate cau0e; N"CP
9Ea<E<; &a,lor v; .ilva# (9%0# 6( P;!d 970# 96 Nev; 73%; Ne? &rial 66
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8here inGured automo>ile driver argued at trial that earthmover0 ?ere negligent in -ailing to
0ignal a turn and in -ailing to eFui/ the earthmover ?ith turn 0ignal0 and a rearvie? mirror a0
?ell a0 in omitting to loo@ >e-ore turning and ?here driver ?ho ?a0 -ollo?ing earthmover
?ould have >een -ore?arned that earthmover ?a0 going to turn right i- earthmover had
0ignaled or i- there had >een an e0cort car and driver o- earthmover ?ould have noticed automo>ileB0
/re0ence i- he had loo@ed and it a//eared that -ailure to ta@e 0uch /recaution0 ?a0
0u>0tantial -actor in >ringing a>out accident in ?hich earthmover hit -ront le-t -ender o- automo>ile
inGuring driver# Gur, could not have -ound that earthmover ?a0 negligent >ut that the
negligence ?a0 not the /ro*imate cau0e o- the driverB0 inGurie0 i- the Gur, had correctl, a//lied
the la? and there-ore# a ne? trial ?a0 reFuired; N"CP 9Ea<E<; &a,lor v; .ilva# (9%0# 6(
P;!d 970# 96 Nev; 73%; +//eal +nd 3rror ((77E!<
8here Gur, rendered a verdict -or /lainti-- >ut although /ro/erl, in0tructed a0 to mea0ure o-
damage0# -ailed to a?ard /lainti-- an, medical co0t0 other than the emergenc, room charge0
and there ?a0 unre-uted evidence that /lainti-- 0u--ered inGurie0 -or ?hich he incurred -urther
medical >ill0# the ca0e ?a0 a /ro/er one -or a ne? trial: ho?ever# due to interrelation0hi/ o- lia>ilit,
and damage i00ue0 the ca0e ?a0 not a /ro/er one -or a ne? trial limited to damage0 or
mere additur# and trial court had /o?er to grant a ne? trial on all i00ue0# not?ith0tanding that
/lainti--B0 motion reFue0ted onl, additur or a ne? trial limited to damage0 i00ued; N"CP 9
Ea<E<; .here v; Davi0# (979# 96 P;!d 499# 9 Nev; 49(; Ne? &rial 9: Ne? &rial 74
Part, moving -or ne? trial on i00ue o- damage0 >a0ed on ground o- mani-e0t di0regard >, Gur,
o- in0truction0 o- court mu0t 0ho? that had Guror0 /ro/erl, a//lied in0truction0 o- court it
?ould have >een im/o00i>le -or them to reach verdict ?hich the, reached; N"CP 9Ea<#
Ea<E<; 3i@el>erger v; &olotti# (97%# 74 P;!d !77# 94 Nev; %; Ne? &rial 66
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%; '''' 3vidence# Gur, mi0conduct
4uror a--idavit0 are inadmi00i>le to 0ho? Guror0 mi0under0tood GudgeB0 in0truction0; +CP "eno
+00ociate0 v; +irmotive and $illanova# 1nc;# (993# %49 P;!d !77# (09 Nev; 3(4; Ne? &rial
(43E4<
9; =i0conduct o- /artie0
Ne? trial >a0ed u/on /revailing /art,B0 mi0conduct doe0 not reFuire /roo- that re0ult ?ould
have >een di--erent in -ir0t trial ?ithout 0uch mi0conduct; "ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule 9Ea<E!<; Barrett
v; Baird# (99# 90% P;!d 6%9# ((( Nev; (496; Ne? &rial !%
(0; =i0conduct o- coun0el
+n, violation o- >, automo>ile manu-acturerB0 attorne,# in /roduct0 lia>ilit, and negligence
action >rought >, /a00enger inGured in a 0ingle'car rollover again0t manu-acturer and driver#
o- order in limine regarding 0eat>elt evidence and the u0e o- 0uch evidence# ?hen manu-acturerB0
attorne, in clo0ing argument a00erted that /a00engerB0 argument0 regarding the alleged
-ailure o- /a00engerB0 0eat>elt and automo>ileB0 B'/illar ?ere red hearing0 >ecau0e /a00enger
?a0 not >elted# did not con0titute mi0conduct ?arranting a ne? trial on a 0u>0eFuent 6ioce
motion# ?here the trial court 0u0tained /a00engerB0 o>Gection to the a00ertion and directed
manu-acturerB0 attorne, to clari-, it# a00ertion ?ent to cau0ation# and Gur, concluded that automo>ile
?a0 not de-ective and never reached cau0ation i00ue; Ba,eri0che =otoren 8er@e +@tienge0ell0cha-t
v; "oth# !0((# !! P;3d 649; Ne? &rial !9
Order in limine# in /roduct0 lia>ilit, and negligence action >rought >, /a00enger inGured in a
0ingle'car rollover again0t automo>ile manu-acturer and driver# ?a0 not de-inite and 0/eci-ic
regarding the u0e o- 0eat>elt evidence# a0 reFuired in order -or remar@0 made >, manu-acturerB0
attorne, during o/ening 0tatement# that /a00enger ?a0 eGected >ecau0e 0he ?a0 not
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?earing her 0eat>elt# that i- 0he had not >een eGected 0he ?ould not have 0u--ered a 0/inal cord
inGur,# and that driver ?a0 ?earing her 0eat>elt and ?a0 not eGected# to con0titute attorne,
mi0conduct ?arranting a ne? trial on a 0u>0eFuent 6ioce motion: order allo?ed introduction
o- 0eat>elt evidence# and limitation that the evidence could onl, >e con0idered ?hen evaluating
?hether automo>ile ?a0 de-ective and unrea0ona>l, dangerou0 ?a0 not 0/eci-ic enough to
ma@e a 0u>0eFuent violation clear; Ba,eri0che =otoren 8er@e +@tienge0ell0cha-t v; "oth#
!0((# !! P;3d 649; Ne? &rial !9
.hort -actual de0cri/tion o- the ca0e o--ered during voir dire >, attorne, re/re0enting automo>ile
manu-acturer# that the /a00enger claimed 0he ?a0 0eat>elted ?hile the /h,0ical evidence
?ould 0ho? that /a00enger ?a0 not ?earing her 0eat>elt# did not violate order in limine
regarding 0eat>elt evidence and the u0e o- 0uch evidence# in /roduct0 lia>ilit, and negligence
action >rought >, /a00enger inGured in 0ingle'car rollover again0t manu-acturer and driver#
and thu0 the de0cri/tion did not amount to attorne, mi0conduct ?arranting a ne? trial on a
0u>0eFuent 6ioce motion# a0 the order in limine clearl, allo?ed the introduction o- 0eat>elt
evidence; Ba,eri0che =otoren 8er@e +@tienge0ell0cha-t v; "oth# !0((# !! P;3d 649; Ne?
&rial !9
&he 0tandard0 that a di0trict court i0 to a//l, to a motion -or ne? trial >a0ed on attorne, mi0conduct
var, de/ending on ?hether coun0el o>Gected to the mi0conduct during trial: -or o>Gected'
to mi0conduct# a /art, moving -or a ne? trial >ear0 the >urden o- demon0trating that the
mi0conduct i0 0o e*treme that o>Gection# admoni0hment# and curative in0truction cannot remove
it0 e--ect# ?hile# i- the mi0conduct i0 not o>Gected'to# the di0trict court 0hould deem the
i00ue ?aived unle00 it i0 /lain error# ?hich in thi0 conte*t e*i0t0 onl, ?hen the mi0conduct
amounted to irre/ara>le and -undamental error that re0ult0 in a 0u>0tantial im/airment o-
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00962
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Gu0tice or denial o- -undamental right0 0uch that# >ut -or the mi0conduct# the verdict ?ould
have >een di--erent; Ba,eri0che =otoren 8er@e +@tienge0ell0cha-t v; "oth# !0((# !! P;3d
649; Ne? &rial 3(
)or attorne, mi0conduct to Gu0ti-, a ne? trial# a0 o//o0ed to 0ome other 0anction# un-air /reGudice
a--ecting the relia>ilit, o- the verdict mu0t >e 0ho?n# ?hich include0 con0ideration o-
?hether the argument ?a0 actuall, /ro/er or im/ro/er under the la?; Ba,eri0che =otoren
8er@e +@tienge0ell0cha-t v; "oth# !0((# !! P;3d 649; Ne? &rial !0
1n civil ca0e0# the .u/reme Court ?ill con0ider argument0 o- egregiou0 >ut uno>Gected'to mi0conduct
at trial >, coun0el onl, in tho0e rare circum0tance0 ?here the coun0elB0 comment0 are
o- 0uch 0ini0ter in-luence a0 to con0titute Cirre/ara>le and -undamental error#D ?hich i0 error
that# i- not corrected# ?ould re0ult in a 0u>0tantial mi0carriage o- Gu0tice or denial o- -undamental
right0 and ?hich i0 /re0ent onl, ?hen it i0 /lain and clear that no other rea0ona>le e*/lanation
-or the verdict e*i0t0; "ingle v; Bruton# !004# %6 P;3d (03!# (!0 Nev; %!; +//eal
+nd 3rror !07
&o ?arrant rever0al and a ne? trial on ground0 o- attorne, mi0conduct o- the /revailing
/art,B0 attorne,# the -lavor o- mi0conduct mu0t 0u--icientl, /ermeate an entire /roceeding to
/rovide conviction that the Gur, ?a0 in-luenced >, /a00ion and /reGudice in reaching it0 verdict;
De4e0u0 v; )lic@# !000# 7 P;3d 49# ((6 Nev; %(!; Ne? &rial 3!
&he di0trict court ma, grant a ne? trial >a0ed u/on attorne, mi0conduct ?ithout /roo- that the
mi0conduct changed the outcome o- the -ir0t trial; De4e0u0 v; )lic@# !000# 7 P;3d 49# ((6
Nev; %(!; Ne? &rial 3!
Pa00engerB0 coun0el made im/ro/er Cgolden ruleD clo0ing argument0 in /er0onal inGur, action
again0t driver o- other vehicle# ?here coun0el a0@ed Guror0 to Cta/ into -eeling0D a>out /a00engerB0
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-ear0 in light o- /a00engerB0 /h,0ical condition# a0@ed Guror0 C2o? do ,ou /ut a value on
not u0ing ,our -inger0ZD a-ter telling Gur, he ?ould not trade the u0e o- hi0 o?n -inger0 -or ten
million dollar0# and a0@ed Guror0 to C0end a me00ageD to la? -irm0 that tr, to /revent inGured
/eo/le -rom recovering -or their damage0; De4e0u0 v; )lic@# !000# 7 P;3d 49# ((6 Nev; %(!;
&rial (!E(<
&he attorne, mi0conduct o- coun0el -or /lainti-- /a00enger# in inGecting hi0 /er0onal o/inion0
and u0ing im/ro/er Cgolden ruleD argument0 during clo0ing argument0 in /er0onal inGur, action
again0t driver o- other vehicle# including an argument inviting the Gur, to 0end a me00age
to all de-en0e attorne,0 ?ho tr, to 0hortchange inGured /eo/le# ?arranted a ne? trial: Gur,B0
a?ard o- P(;47 million mu0t have >een >a0ed on /a00ion or /reGudice# >ecau0e the medical e*/ert
te0timon, regarding /a00engerB0 inGurie0 ?a0 con-licting and the a?ard -ar e*ceeded the
damage0 /a00enger had 0ought; De4e0u0 v; )lic@# !000# 7 P;3d 49# ((6 Nev; %(!; Ne? &rial
3!
De-en0e coun0el in medical mal/ractice action engaged in mi0conduct# the cumulative e--ect
o- ?hich de/rived /lainti-- o- -air trial# thu0 ?arranting ne? trial: coun0el a0@ed e*/ert ?itne00
-or hi0 o/inion a0 to cau0ation a-ter 0/eci-icall, re/re0enting to /lainti--B0 coun0el at ?itne00B
de/o0ition that he ?ould not a0@ 0uch Fue0tion0# coun0el mi00tated e*/ertB0 te0timon,
during clo0ing argument# coun0el made im/ro/er re-erence during clo0ing argument to high
health care co0t0# and coun0el conducted demon0tration during o/ening argument -or ?hich no
-oundation had >een laid; "ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule 9Ea<E!<; Barrett v; Baird# (99# 90% P;!d
6%9# ((( Nev; (496; Ne? &rial !9
Com/laint0 o- Chighl, /reGudicial and in-lammator, 0tatement0D allegedl, made >, /lainti--0B
coun0el in clo0ing argument did not 0ho? Cegregiou0D conduct 0uch a0 ?ould ?arrant ne? trial
- 49 -
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in a>0ence o- o>Gection; "ule0 Civ; Proc;# "ule 9Ea<E6<; Beccard v; Nevada Nat; Ban@#
(9%3# 67 P;!d ((4# 99 Nev; 63; +//eal +nd 3rror !07
((; =i0conduct o- ?itne00e0
.ucce00or o- 0ho//ing center le00or ?a0 entitled to ne? trial on le00eeB0 counterclaim alleging
>reach o- e*clu0ive right0 ?here le00eeB0 coun0el had# /rior to ?itne00 ta@ing 0tand# threatened
?itne00 and coun0el -or 0ucce00or ?ith 0lander action i- te0timon, regarding le00eeB0 managerB0
into*ication during >u0ine00 hour0 /roved -al0e# ?here there ?a0 no evidence tending to
0ho? that ?itne00 ?a0 a>out to lie and ?here trial Gudge -ailed to direct ?itne00 to re0/ond to
Fue0tion or other?i0e alla, -ear0 a-ter threat ?a0 made; "ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule 9Ea<; Cam/u0
$illage .ho//ing Center &ru0t v; Bro?n# (9%6# 7(4 P;!d 66# (0! Nev; (7# rehearing denied;
+//eal +nd 3rror ((77E!<
(!; +greement0 and 0ti/ulation0
5ndi0clo0ed /retrial agreement >et?een /lainti--0 and in0urance carrier -or t?o de-endant0
?here>, /lainti--0 ?ere guaranteed P!0#000 >ut agreed to loo@ 0olel, to the other de-endant0
to the e*tent o- Gudgment again0t them# i- an,# did not cau0e trial to >e 0o un-air that other de-endant0
?ould >e entitled to ne? trial# though agreement /o00e00ed /otential to encourage
0uch t?o de-endant0 to /romote a verdict in e*ce00 o- P!0#000# ?here# inter alia# there ?a0
am/le evidence to 0u//ort the verdict# the other de-endant0 limited their argument to lia>ilit,#
and 0uch t?o de-endant0# though admitting lia>ilit,# did not indicate that verdict 0hould >e in
e*ce00 o- P!0#000# or in an, other amount; N"CP 9Ea< E(# 3<; Pondero0a &im>er \ Clearing
Co; v; 3mrich# (970# 47! P;!d 3%# %6 Nev; 6!; Ne? &rial (3
(3; .ur/ri0e
Ne? trial ?a0 not ?arranted on ground0 o- 0ur/ri0e >a0ed on te0timon, ?hich# ?ith rea0ona>le
- 50 -
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diligence# could have >een antici/ated; "ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule 9; De6ee v; "oggen#
(99# 907 P;!d (6%# ((( Nev; (43; Ne? &rial 90
1n action >rought >, le00or0 o- automo>ile again0t le00ee -or damage0 and re/levin o- automo>ile#
le00eeB0 -ailure to call a ?itne00 ?hom le00ee had 0tated 0he intended to call at trial did
not ?arrant the granting o- le00or0B motion -or ne? trial# 0ince le00or0 ?ere noti-ied >e-ore trial
that le00ee ?ould not call 0uch ?itne00 to te0ti-,# and le00or0B -ailure to either e*erci0e rea0ona>le
diligence to /rocure ?itne00B te0timon, or 0ee@ a continuance to allo? them to 0u>/oena
the ?itne00 /recluded a claim o- 0ur/ri0e; N"CP 9Ea<; 2ava0 v; 2au/t# (97%# %3 P;!d
(094# 94 Nev; 9(; Ne? &rial 9
Plainti--0 introduced an account 0ho?ing a general inde>tedne00 to them o- P!#000# in ?hich
there ?a0 a mi0ta@e o- P700 in com/uting intere0t; &he error# though /atent# e0ca/ed notice at
the -ir0t trial; +t the 0econd trial# the court ?a0 not advi0ed o- the error until a-ter the 0u>mi00ion
o- the cau0e to the Gur,; &he Gur, -ound a verdict -or de-endant; One o- /lainti--0 made a--idavit
that he >elieved that the verdict ?a0 rendered -or de-endant o?ing to the Gur,B0 di0cover,
o- the error# ?hich /lainti--0 did not @no? o- until the te0timon, had >een clo0ed# that 0aid
account ?a0 not made u/ >, him# or hi0 co/lainti--# >ut >, another /er0on# ?hom the, >elieved
to >e a correct accountant# and that the, did not e*amine the 0ame; 2eld# that the
ground o- 0ur/ri0e# ?ithin the meaning o- the 0tatute# ?a0 e0ta>li0hed# and that the order o- the
di0trict court granting a ne? trial ?a0 correct; .ultan v; .her?ood# (%%4# P; 7(# (% Nev; 44;
Ne? &rial %9
(4; 1rregularit, in /roceeding0
Bene-iciar, o- -amil, tru0t -ailed to demon0trate that /rocedural irregularitie0 denied him a
-air hearing regarding /etition -or in0truction0 relating to tru0t admini0tration# and thu0 ?a0
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not entitled to a ne? hearing# though >ene-iciar, alleged that trial court -ailed to allo? him to
call ?itne00e0 or /re0ent te0timon, at the hearing# a0 >ene-iciar, did not 0/eci-, ?hat ?itne00e0
or evidence he ?ould have /re0ented or ho? he ?a0 /reGudiced; "ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule
9; 2annam v; Bro?n# (99%# 96 P;!d 794# ((4 Nev; 30; &ru0t0 !67
)act0 that Guror0 @noc@ed on Gur, room door and GudgeB0 0ecretar, a//eared# that Guror told her
that Gur, had a Fue0tion regarding an in0truction# that 0ecretar, in0tructed Guror to reduce Fue0tion
to ?riting and in-ormed Gur, that Gudge and attorne,0 ?ere not /re0entl, availa>le# and
that Gur, arrived at verdict ?ithout 0u>mitting ?ritten Fue0tion to trial Gudge# did not amount
to irregularit, in /roceeding0 o- Gur, in eminent domain action 0u--icient to 0u//ort a ne? tri'
al; "ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule 9; Pa//a0 v; .tate e* rel; De/t; o- &ran0/;# (9%%# 763 P;!d 34%# (04
Nev; 7!; 3minent Domain !!4
(; $erdict -orm
&rial court erred in granting ne? trial on >a0i0 o- Gur,B0 -ailure to -ill in 0/ecial verdict -orm:
evidence indicated that Gur, had made nece00ar, -inding0 a0 to com/arative negligence and
0im/l, -illed in >ottom line -igure on general verdict; Carl0on v; 6ocatelli# (993# %49 P;!d
3(3# (09 Nev; !7; Ne? &rial %
(6; 1ncon0i0tenc, o- verdict
8here Gur, return0 incon0i0tent verdict# it i0 incum>ent u/on trial court to attem/t to clari-,
verdict# and 0uch an e--ort to determine ?hat Gur, intended >, it0 verdict generall, ?ill not
im/ermi00i>l, delve into mental /roce00e0 o- Gur, in reaching the verdict: ?here /o00i>le# verdict
0hould >e 0alvaged 0o that no ne? trial i0 reFuired; Carl0on v; 6ocatelli# (993# %49 P;!d
3(3# (09 Nev; !7; &rial 344
(7; $erdict contrar, to evidence
- 52 -
00967
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4ur, verdict in -avor o- 0ervice 0tation >u,er# in >reach o- contract action again0t 0eller# ?a0
not again0t the clear ?eight o- the evidence# and there-ore di0trict court a>u0ed it0 di0cretion
in granting 0eller ne? trial: 0u>0tantial evidence ?ent >oth ?a,0 on /oint0 on ?hich di0trict
court >elieved that Gur, had -ailed to a//reciate or con0ider certain -act0# and a00um/tion that
Gur, did not con0ider >u,erB0 -ailure to mitigate damage0 ?a0 un?arranted in light o- verdict
that ?a0 a//ro*imatel, P%00#000 le00 than >u,er reFue0ted; 5nion Oil Co; o- Cali-ornia v;
&erri>le 2er>0t# 1nc;# !003# 33( );3d 73# certiorari denied (!4 .;Ct; (060# 40 5;.; ((07#
(7 6;3d;!d %9!; )ederal Civil Procedure !34(
Document reciting that develo/ment agreement had >een entered into did not render Gur,B0
verdict -or /ro/ert, o?ner0 mani-e0tl, and /al/a>l, contrar, to evidence 0o a0 to authoriVe
ne? trial in o?ner0B action again0t title com/an, -or >reach o- e0cro? agreement reFuiring
that develo/er and -inance com/an, enter into develo/ment agreement >, certain date >e-ore
title com/an, could conve, o?ner0B /ro/ertie0# ?here there ?a0 no co/, o- develo/ment
agreement# title com/an, deeded out >ul@ o- /ro/ertie0 one to three month0 a-ter date 0/eci-ied
in e0cro? agreement and title com/an, did not noti-, o?ner0 o- conve,ance0; "ule0
Civ;Proc;# "ule 9; Hroeger Pro/ertie0 \ Develo/ment# 1nc; v; .ilver .tate &itle Co;# (9%6#
7( P;!d (3!%# (0! Nev; ((!; Ne? &rial 7!E%<
8here evidence in trial o- negligence action i0 in con-lict and Fue0tion a0 to /lainti--B0 contri>utor,
negligence i0 one u/on ?hich rea0ona>le men might di--er# it i0 error to grant ne?
trial on ground that evidence ?a0 in0u--icient to Gu0ti-, verdict; N"CP 9Ea<; .ierra Pac;
Po?er Co; v; Da,# (964# 39( P;!d 0(# %0 Nev; !!4; Ne? &rial 7(
(%; $erdict contrar, to la?
Court ma, not 0u>0titute it0 o?n Gudgment in /lace o- the Gur,B0 Gudgment on motion -or ne?
- 53 -
00968
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trial unle00 the Gur, erred a0 a matter o- la?# and court ma, not grant a ne? trial i- the Fue0tion
onl, concern0 the ?eight o- the evidence; Bra0cia v; 4ohn0on# (9%9# 7%( P;!d 76# (0
Nev; 9!; Ne? &rial 7!E!<
Plainti--B0 contention that evidence e0ta>li0hed lia>ilit, o- de-endant a0 matter o- la? ?a0 not
ground -or motion -or ne? trial in a>0ence o- /lain error in record or 0ho?ing o- mani-e0t inGu0tice;
+mund0en v; Ohio Bra00 Co;# (973# (3 P;!d (!34# %9 Nev; 37%; Ne? &rial 6%;(
Plainti-- ?hich made no o>Gection to an, error o- la? touching on /unitive damage0 ?a0 not
entitled to limited ne? trial on that i00ue under rule /roviding that ne? trial ma, >e granted to
all or an, o- the /artie0 on all or /art o- the i00ue0 -or error in la? occurring at trial and o>Gected
to >, the /art, ma@ing the motion; N"CP 9Ea<E7<; Cit, o- "eno v; .ilver .tate )l,ing
.ervice# 1nc;# (96%# 43% P;!d !7# %4 Nev; (70; Ne? &rial 9
(9; $erdict e--ected >, /a00ion or /reGudice# generall,
+ violation o- an order granting a motion in limine ma, onl, 0erve a0 a >a0i0 -or a ne? trial
?hen the order i0 0/eci-ic in it0 /rohi>ition# the violation i0 clear# and un-air /reGudice i0
0ho?n; Ba,eri0che =otoren 8er@e +@tienge0ell0cha-t v; "oth# !0((# !! P;3d 649; Ne? &rial
!0
On a//eal o- an order -or a ne? trial that i0 conditional u/on the /lainti--B0 re-u0al to acce/t an
order o- remittitur# a//ellate court accord0 de-erence to the trial GudgeB0 deci0ion and reGect0 a
challenge to the GudgeB0 di0cretion i- there i0 a material con-lict o- evidence regarding the e*tent
o- the damage0# >ut i- there i0 no con-lict# the order to remit >ecome0 0u0/ect unle00 the
amount a?arded >, the Gur, i0 0o e*ce00ive a0 to 0ugge0t /a00ion and /reGudice; Canterino v;
&he =irage Ca0ino'2otel# !00(# (6 P;3d 4(# ((7 Nev; (9# o/inion rein0tated on rehearing #
rehearing granted 3( P;3d (00# modi-ied on rehearing 4! P;3d %0%# ((% Nev; (9(# rehearing
- 54 -
00969
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denied; +//eal +nd 3rror (0(E4<
Damage0 a?ard0 to hotel /atron ?ho ?a0 0everel, >eaten and ro>>ed in hotel hall?a, o-
P00#000 -or /a0t /h,0ical /ain and mental angui0h# P(#00#000 -or -uture /h,0ical /ain and
mental angui0h# P00#000 -or /a0t /h,0ical im/airment# and P(#00#000 -or -uture /h,0ical
im/airment ?ere not e*ce00ive# in light o- uncontradicted evidence o- medical e*/ert0 that
/atron 0u--ered /ermanent neurological damage# including hearing# >alance# and /,ramidal
trac@ im/airment# and 0u--ered /0,chological inGurie0# including agora/ho>ia# /anic di0order#
and /o0t'traumatic 0tre00 di0order# ?hich @e/t him virtuall, hou0e>ound# una>le to ?or@ or
/artici/ate in 0/ort0 or activitie0 he had /reviou0l, enGo,ed; Canterino v; &he =irage Ca0ino'
2otel# !00(# (6 P;3d 4(# ((7 Nev; (9# o/inion rein0tated on rehearing # rehearing granted 3(
P;3d (00# modi-ied on rehearing 4! P;3d %0%# ((% Nev; (9(# rehearing denied; Damage0
(!7;(: Damage0 (!7;(7: Damage0 (40;7
1n action0 -or damage0 in ?hich the la? /rovide0 no legal rule o- mea0urement it i0 the 0/ecial
/rovince o- the Gur, to determine the amount that ought to >e allo?ed# 0o that a court i0 not
Gu0ti-ied in rever0ing the ca0e or granting a ne? trial on the ground that the verdict i0 e*ce00ive#
unle00 it i0 0o -lagrantl, im/ro/er a0 to indicate /a00ion# /reGudice or corru/tion in the
Gur,; Canterino v; &he =irage Ca0ino'2otel# !00(# (6 P;3d 4(# ((7 Nev; (9# o/inion rein0tated
on rehearing # rehearing granted 3( P;3d (00# modi-ied on rehearing 4! P;3d %0%# ((%
Nev; (9(# rehearing denied; +//eal +nd 3rror (0(E4<: Damage0 96: Damage0
(04: Damage0 ((9
+?ard o- /unitive damage0 0hould not >e di0tur>ed unle00 it i0 0o large a0 to a//ear to have
>een given under the in-luence o- /a00ion or /reGudice; "ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule 9Ea<E6<: N;";.;
4!;0(0; 2ale v; "iver>oat Ca0ino# 1nc;# (9%4# 6%! P;!d (90# (00 Nev; !99; Ne? &rial
- 55 -
00970
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6arge a?ard o- /unitive damage0 alone doe0 not conclu0ivel, indicate that /a00ion and /reGudice
in-luenced the trier o- -act; "ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule 9Ea<E6<: N;";.; 4!;0(0; 2ale v; "iver>oat
Ca0ino# 1nc;# (9%4# 6%! P;!d (90# (00 Nev; !99; Ne? &rial 77E!<
+?ard to cu0tomer o- ca0ino o- /unitive damage0 o- P97#900# ?hich a?ard amounted to le00
than (;] o- ca0inoB0 annual net /ro-it and le00 than (A! /ercent o- it0 net ?orth# ?a0 not e*ce00ive#
?here cu0tomer had con0cientiou0l, attem/ted to a00ure the return o- a lo0t ?allet#
and# -or hi0 concern# ?a0 hara00ed# threatened# im/ri0oned# and manacled a-ter >eing /h,0icall,
a00aulted# ?a0 then e0corted to Gail and handcu--ed# >oo@ed# and held in Gail -or a good
/ortion o- a night# and ?a0 0u>0eFuentl, -orced to incur the 0u>0tantial e*/en0e and ignomin,
o- a criminal trial a-ter ca0ino /ur0ued criminal /ro0ecution; "ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule 9Ea<E6<:
N;";.; 4!;0(0; 2ale v; "iver>oat Ca0ino# 1nc;# (9%4# 6%! P;!d (90# (00 Nev; !99; Damage0
94;(0E(<
+mount o- a?ard o- /unitive damage0 need not >e /ro/ortional to the amount o- com/en0ator,
damage0; "ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule 9Ea<E6<: N;";.; 4!;0(0; 2ale v; "iver>oat Ca0ino# 1nc;#
(9%4# 6%! P;!d (90# (00 Nev; !99; Damage0 94;6
.um o- P0#000 ?a0 ma*imum amount that could rea0ona>l, >e a?arded to gu>ernatorial
candidate de-amed on live televi0ion >roadca0t >, 0tatement that he >ounced chec@# and im/lication
that he did not /a, hi0 >ill0 and ?a0 not honora>le: thu0# Gur, a?ard o- P67#000 ?a0
e*ce00ive# not 0u//orted >, evidence# mu0t have >een given under in-luence o- /a00ion or /reGudice#
and con0tituted threat0 to e*erci0e o- -ree 0/eech; "ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule 9Ea<E6<:
5;.;C;+; Con0t;+mend; (; Nevada 1nde/endent Broadca0ting Cor/; v; +llen# (9%3# 664 P;!d
337# 99 Nev; 404# 37 +;6;";4th (070; 6i>el +nd .lander (!(E!<
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00971
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=ere -act that verdict i0 large i0 not conclu0ive that it i0 re0ult o- /a00ion or /reGudice; "ule0
Civ;Proc;# "ule 9Ea<E6<; Beccard v; Nevada Nat; Ban@# (9%3# 67 P;!d ((4# 99 Nev; 63; +//eal
+nd 3rror (004E<
.ince malice in -act had to >e in-erred -rom di0regard o- @no?n 0a-et, /rocedure0 >, de-endant0#
and in vie? o- 0u>Gective nature o- /unitive damage0# a>0ence o- ?or@a>le 0tandard0
?ith ?hich to evaluate /ro/riet, o- amount o- /unitive damage0# and argua>le con-lict o-
evidence regarding malice in -act# granting conditional motion -or ne? trial unle00 each
/lainti-- ?ould acce/t P%#000 remittitur o- P(!#000 /unitive damage0 that had >een a?arded
each /lainti-- along ?ith com/en0ator, a?ard0 o- P3#000 and P(0#000 re0/ectivel, ?a0 not
a>u0e o- di0cretion in action -or inGurie0 0u0tained ?hen /lainti--0 inhaled chlorine ga0 a-ter
c,linder o- that ga0 e*/loded 0/e?ing com/re00ed chlorine over 0?imming /ool and /atio
area; EPer &hom/0on# 4;# ?ith one 4u0tice concurring and one 4u0tice 0/eciall, concurring;<
N;";.; 4!;0(0: N"CP 9Ea<E6<; 6e0lie v; 4one0 Chemical Co;# 1nc;# (976# ( P;!d !34# 9!
Nev; 39(; Ne? &rial (6!E(<
8here revie?ing court ?a0 ?holl, una>le to declare that had the Guror0 /ro/erl, a//lied the
in0truction0 o- the court it ?ould have >een im/o00i>le -or them to reach the verdict ?hich
the, reached in -avor o- -ollo?ing motori0t in action >, /receding motori0t and hi0 /a00enger
again0t -ollo?ing motori0t -or inGurie0 0u0tained in rear'end colli0ion# grant o- ne? trial could
not >e 0u0tained; N"CP 9; )o* v; Cu0ic@# (97# 33 P;!d 466# 9( Nev; !(%; +//eal +nd 3rror
(0(E(<
+>0ent an, in-ormation a0 to net ?orth o- individual de-endant >, ?hich rea0ona>lene00 o-
a?ard o- /unitive damage0 o- P(0#000 to one /lainti-- and P#000 to another /lainti-- could >e
Gudged and a>0ent evidence that trial court in a?arding 0uch amount0 acted under /a00ion or
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/reGudice# a//ellate court ?ould not Fue0tion amount0 o- a?ard0 or 0et them a0ide a0 >eing
e*ce00ive; N;";.; 4!;0(0: N"CP 9; Ca/le v; "a,nel Cam/er0# 1nc;# (974# !6 P;!d 334# 90
Nev; 34(; +//eal +nd 3rror 70
=ere -act that /unitive damage a?ard i0 large i0 not conclu0ive that it i0 re0ult o- /a00ion or
/reGudice; N"CP 9Ea<; Nevada Cement Co; v; 6emler# (973# (4 P;!d ((%0# %9 Nev; 447;
Damage0 94;(
Di0trict court# in /er0onal inGur, action in ?hich Gur, a?arded /lainti--# ?ho had incurred
P!9;0 0/ecial damage0# P(0#000 com/en0ator, damage0# /o00e00ed /o?er to enter order
granting ne? trial unle00 /lainti-- acce/ted remittitur o- P7#00; N"CP 9Ea< E6<; 2arri0 v;
Zee# (97(# 4%6 P;!d 490# %7 Nev; 309; Ne? &rial (6!E3<
+?ard in amount o- P!#00 -or /h,0ical and mental di0tre00 0u--ered >, /lainti-- ?hen he /artiall,
con0umed the content0 o- a >ottled >everage containing a decom/o0ed mou0e ?a0 not 0o
e*ce00ive a0 to 0u//ort determination that the damage0 mu0t have >een given under the in-lu'
ence o- /a00ion or /reGudice; N"CP (# 9Ea< E6<; .ho0hone Coca'Cola Bottling Co; v; Dolin0@i#
(966# 4!0 P;!d %# %! Nev; 439; Damage0 (!7;((: Damage0 (40;7
Damage0 to com/en0ate -or inGur, to re/utation# humiliation# em>arra00ment# mental 0u--ering
and inconvenience o- /lainti-- 0uing -or maliciou0 /ro0ecution 0hould not >e given >, Gur, under
in-luence o- /a00ion or /reGudice; N"CP 9Ea< E6<; =iller v; .chnitVer# (96!# 37( P;!d
%!4# 7% Nev; 30(; =aliciou0 Pro0ecution 69
!0; Plain error
1n civil ca0e0# the .u/reme Court ?ill con0ider argument0 o- egregiou0 >ut uno>Gected'to mi0conduct
at trial >, coun0el onl, in tho0e rare circum0tance0 ?here the coun0elB0 comment0 are
o- 0uch 0ini0ter in-luence a0 to con0titute Cirre/ara>le and -undamental error#D ?hich i0 error
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that# i- not corrected# ?ould re0ult in a 0u>0tantial mi0carriage o- Gu0tice or denial o- -undamental
right0 and ?hich i0 /re0ent onl, ?hen it i0 /lain and clear that no other rea0ona>le e*/lanation
-or the verdict e*i0t0; "ingle v; Bruton# !004# %6 P;3d (03!# (!0 Nev; %!; +//eal
+nd 3rror !07
&he in-lammator, Fualit, and 0heer Fuantit, o- attorne, mi0conduct ?arranted revie?# to /revent
/lain error# a0 to the clo0ing argument o- coun0el -or vehicle /a00enger in /er0onal inGur,
action again0t driver o- another vehicle ?ho had -orced /a00engerB0 vehicle o-- the road#
though the de-endant had -ailed to o>Gect to the clo0ing argument at trial; De4e0u0 v; )lic@#
!000# 7 P;3d 49# ((6 Nev; %(!; +//eal +nd 3rror !07
Plain error or mani-e0t inGu0tice e*ce/tion to "ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule 9# eliminating in0u--icienc,
o- evidence a0 ground -or granting ne? trial# mu0t >e 0trictl, con0trued; Hroeger Pro/ertie0
\ Develo/ment# 1nc; v; .ilver .tate &itle Co;# (9%6# 7( P;!d (3!%# (0! Nev; ((!; Ne?
&rial 70
1- .u/reme Court# on a//eal -rom order granting ne? trial on >a0i0 o- in0u--icienc, o- the
evidence to Gu0ti-, the verdict# /erceive0 /lain error or there i0 a 0ho?ing o- mani-e0t inGu0tice#
it ma, 0u0tain the lo?er court in ordering a ne? trial; N"CP 9; )o* v; Cu0ic@# (97#
33 P;!d 466# 9( Nev; !(%; +//eal +nd 3rror (0(E(<
!(; Di0cretion o- trial court
Deci0ion to grant or den, motion -or ne? trial re0t0 ?ithin 0ound di0cretion o- trial court# and
.u/reme Court ?ill not di0tur> that deci0ion a>0ent /al/a>le a>u0e; "ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule
9Ea<; 3d?ard0 1ndu0trie0# 1nc; v; D&3AB&3# 1nc;# (996# 9!3 P;!d 69# ((! Nev; (0!: De6ee
v; "oggen# (99# 907 P;!d (6%# ((( Nev; (43: .outhern Pac; &ran0/; Co; v; )itVgerald# (97%#
77 P;!d (!34# 94 Nev; !4(# rehearing denied 79 P;!d (!(# 94 Nev; !4;
- 59 -
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.tandard o- revie? -or granting or den,ing motion -or ne? trial i0 a>u0e o- di0cretion; "ule0
Civ;Proc;# "ule 9Ea<; Do? Chemical Co; v; =ahlum# (99%# 970 P;!d 9%# ((4 Nev; (46%# rehearing
denied 973 P;!d %4!# (( Nev; (3; +//eal +nd 3rror 977E3<: +//eal +nd 3rror
977E<
+n order granting a ne? trial -or in0u--icienc, o- con-licting evidence ?ill not >e di0tur>ed in
the a>0ence o- a clear a>u0e o- di0cretion; 9old-ield =oha?@ =ining Co; v; )rance0'=oha?@
=ining \ 6ea0ing Co;# (9(3# (!9 P; 3(# 3 Nev; 4!3; +//eal +nd 3rror 979E!<
!!; Ne?l, di0covered evidence
Divorced ?i-eB0 claim /re0ented -or -ir0t time in motion -or ne? trial# that value o- /artie0B
hou0e increa0ed in value in e*ce00 o- that -i*ed in decree mu0t >e con0idered >elated# 0ince it
might have >een di0covered and /ro--ered# >e-ore courtB0 deci0ion# >, motion to reo/en ca0e
-or additional evidence; N"CP 9Ea<E4<; Burr v; Burr# (9%0# 6(( P;!d 6!3# 96 Nev; 4%0; Divorce
((
CNe?l, di0covered evidenceD re-er0 to evidence o- -act0 e*i0ting at time o- trial# not -act0 occurring
0u>0eFuent to trial; )o* v; )ir0t 8e0tern .av; \ 6oan +00Bn# (970# 470 P;!d 4!4# %6
Nev; 469; Ne? &rial (00
=otion -or ne? trial >a0ed u/on ne?l, di0covered evidence ?hich could not >e >rought under
rule /roviding ground0 -or motion -or ne? trial >ecau0e time -or -iling had e*/ired could not
>e >rought under rule /roviding ground0 -or relie- -rom Gudgment# 0ince ne?l, di0covered
evidence ?a0 not a ground -or relie- under that rule; N"CP 9Ea<# 60E><; 2orton v; D; 1; O/erating
Co;# (96%# 44% P;!d 36# %4 Nev; 694; 4udgment 37%
8hile ne?l, di0covered evidence i0 a ground -or motion -or ne? trial under "ule 9Ea< it i0
not ground -or relie- -rom a Gudgment under "ule 60E>< and the a//ellant ?a0 not entitled to
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an order remanding the ca0e -or -urther con0ideration on the ground that certain evidence ?a0
di0covered a-ter the a//eal ?a0 ta@en; "ule0 o- Civil Procedure# rule0 9Ea<# 60E><: )ed;"ule0
Civ;Proc;# rule 60E><# !% 5;.;C;+; Child v; 9eorge =iller# 1nc;# (9%# 3!7 P;!d 34!# 74 Nev;
!!3; +//eal +nd 3rror ((77E(<: 4udgment 37%
&he alleged ne?l, di0covered evidence mu0t >e material or im/ortant to the /art, 0ee@ing a
ne? trial; 8hi0e v; 8hi0e# (9(3# (3( P; 967# 36 Nev; (6; Ne? &rial (03
Ne?l, di0covered evidence on a matter collateral to the i00ue0 i0 0eldom ground -or a ne? trial;
8hi0e v; 8hi0e# (9(3# (3( P; 967# 36 Nev; (6; Ne? &rial (03
1n order to com/el the granting o- a ne? trial# ne?l, di0covered evidence mu0t >e 0o 0trong a0
to ma@e it /ro>a>le that a di--erent re0ult ?ould >e o>tained in another trial: it not >eing 0u--icient
merel, that it CmightD change the re0ult; 8hi0e v; 8hi0e# (9(3# (3( P; 967# 36 Nev; (6;
Ne? &rial (0%E(<
Ne?l, di0covered evidence# ?hich could onl, >e u0ed >, ?a, o- im/eachment# i0 not ground
-or granting a ne? trial# unle00 evidence o- the ?itne00 0ought to >e im/eached ?a0 0o im/ortant#
and the im/eaching evidence 0o convincing# that a di--erent re0ult ?ould nece00aril, -ollo?
the admi00ion o- the im/eaching evidence; 8hi0e v; 8hi0e# (9(3# (3( P; 967# 36 Nev; (6;
Ne? &rial (0%E!<
!3; =otion to alter or amend Gudgment''1n general
.o long a0 a /o0t'Gudgment motion -or recon0ideration i0 in ?riting# timel, -iled# 0tate0 it0
ground0 ?ith /articularit,# and reFue0t0 a 0u>0tantive alteration o- the Gudgment# not merel,
the correction o- a clerical error# or relie- o- a t,/e ?holl, collateral to the Gudgment# there i0
no rea0on to den, it 0tatu0 a0 a motion to alter or amend Gudgment# ?hich toll0 the time in
?hich a /art, ha0 to -ile notice o- a//eal: di0a//roving +lvi0 v; .tate# 9aming Control Bd;#
- 61 -
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99 Nev; (%4# 660 P;!d 9%0# NardoVVi v; Clar@ Co; .chool Di0t;# (0% Nev; 7# %!3 P;!d !%# and
8hitehead v; Norman Ha,e "eal 30tate# %0 Nev; 3%3# 39 P;!d 3!9; ++ Primo Builder0# 66C
v; 8a0hington# !0(0# !4 P;3d ((90; +//eal and 3rror 4!%E!<
PetitionerB0 /o0tGudgment motion0 to amend or ma@e additional -inding0 o- -act or to alter or
amend the Gudgment den,ing hi0 /etition to 0eal court record0 ?ere Ctolling motion0#D and
thu0# /etitionerB0 notice o- a//eal -iled >e-ore trial courtB0 di0/o0ition o- 0uch motion0 ?a0
-iled too earl, to ve0t Guri0diction in the a//ellate court; 1n re Duong# !00!# 9 P;3d (!(0# ((%
Nev; 9!0; "ecord0 3!
PetitionerB0 trial court motion0 reFue0ting additional -inding0 o- -act and reFue0ting that the
trial court alter or amend the order or Gudgment did not toll or e*tend the time to -ile a notice
o- a//eal -rom the trial courtB0 order den,ing /o0t'conviction /etition -or ?rit o- ha>ea0 cor/u0;
Hlein v; 8arden# !00!# 43 P;3d (0!9# ((% Nev; 30; 2a>ea0 Cor/u0 %(9
&he civil /rocedure rule tolling the time -or -iling a notice o- a//eal i- the a//ellant ma@e0 a
trial court motion reFue0ting additional -inding0 o- -act or reFue0ting that the trial court alter
or amend the order or Gudgment doe0 not a//l, to 0tatutor, /rocedure0 governing the litigation
o- /o0t'conviction ha>ea0 cor/u0 /etition0; Hlein v; 8arden# !00!# 43 P;3d (0!9# ((% Nev;
30; 2a>ea0 Cor/u0 %(9
+ di0trict court lac@0 Guri0diction to allo? amendment o- a com/laint# once -inal Gudgment i0
entered# unle00 that Gudgment i0 -ir0t 0et a0ide or vacated /ur0uant to the 0tateB0 rule0 o- civil
/rocedure; "ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule0 9Ee<# 60E><; 9reene v; 3ighth 4udicial Di0t; Court o-
Nevada e* rel; Count, o- Clar@# (999# 990 P;!d (%4# (( Nev; 39(; Pleading !4E7<
=otion to amend -inding0 o- -act or conclu0ion0 o- la? in di0trict court order directing /artial
di0tri>ution o- te0tate e0tate did not toll running o- 30'da, /eriod -or a//ealing interlocutor,
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/ro>ate order0; N;";.; (;(90: "ule0 +//;Proc;# "ule 4Ea<E!<: "ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule0 !E><#
9; =atter o- 30tate o- =iller# (99# %%% P;!d 433# ((( Nev; (; 3*ecutor0 +nd +dmini0trator0
3(4E(!<
=otion to amend Gudgment# rather than motion to reta* and to 0ettle co0t0# ?a0 /ro/er method
-or amending Gudgment o- P4#9%;!4# ?hich ?a0 >a0ed u/on o--er o- Gudgment o- P0#000#
including co0t0 o- P4#9%;!4# ?here co0t0 ?ere never di0/uted# >ut amount o- total Gudgment
?a0 di0/uted; "ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule 9Ee<: N;";.; (%;((0# 0u>d; 4; )lei0cher v; +ugu0t# (9%7#
737 P;!d (%# (03 Nev; !4!; 4udgment 90
=otion to amend Gudgment >, 0tri@ing a?ard o- co0t0 ?a0 untimel, ?hen 0erved !7 da,0 a-ter
0ervice o- notice o- entr, o- Gudgment even though memorandum o- co0t0 had not >een 0erved
?ithin -ive da,0 a-ter entr, o- Gudgment ?here# ?hen memorandum o- co0t0 ?a0 not -iled#
motion to amend Gudgment could have >een made ?ithin time limit0# and thu0 notice o- a//eal
-iled a-ter entr, o- amended Gudgment ?hich did not a--ect merit0 o- Gudgment ?a0 untimel,;
"ule0 +//;Proc;# "ule 4Ea<: "ule0 Civ;Proc; "ule 9Ee<; =orrell v; 3d?ard0# (9%!# 640 P;!d
(3!!# 9% Nev; 9(; +//eal +nd 3rror 4!%E!<: 4udgment 3!(
&hough motion0 -or 0ummar, Gudgment 0hould ordinaril, >e in ?riting# ?here code-endant0
orall, Goined in a ?ritten motion 0u>mitted >, another code-endant and /lainti-- made no o>Gection
to 0uch /rocedure during argument on the motion# and ?here there ?a0 no /reGudice to
the /lainti--# ?hich ?a0 a--orded an o//ortunit, to /re0ent argument on the merit0 o- i00ue
rai0ed in motion to amend 0ummar, Gudgment >, den,ing the oral 0ummar, Gudgment motion0#
there ?a0 no error in denial o- the motion to amend; N"CP 6# 9; 3*>er# 1nc; v; .letten
Con0t; Co;# (976# % P;!d (7# 9! Nev; 7!(; 4udgment (%3
=otion to alter or amend Gudgment could not >e utiliVed >, de-endant to alter or amend order
- 63 -
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den,ing de-endantB0 motion to 0et a0ide de-ault entered again0t it and ?a0 not there-ore availa>le
to toll 30'da, a//eal /eriod# ?hich had e*/ired at time de-endant -iled notice o- a//eal#
-rom order den,ing motion to 0et a0ide de-ault; N"CP 9Ee<# 60E><# 73Ea<; Paradi0e Palme0
Communit, +00Bn v; Paradi0e 2ome0# (970# 477 P;!d %9# %6 Nev; %9; +//eal +nd 3rror
346;!: 4udgment (73
=otion to amend Gudgment ?a0 not invalidated >, -act that it ?a0 not in ?riting ?here motion
?a0 0tated in ?ritten notice o- hearing o- motion; N"CP 7E>< and E(<# 9Ee<; 5nited Pac; 1n0;
Co; v; .t; Deni0# (96# 399 P;!d (3# %( Nev; (03; 4udgment 3(9
=otion to alter or amend Gudgment mu0t 0tate ground0 ?ith /articularit, and relie- 0ought;
N"CP 9; 5nited Pac; 1n0; Co; v; .t; Deni0# (96# 399 P;!d (3# %( Nev; (03; 4udgment
3(9
=otion to alter or amend Gudgment ma, not >e >,/a00ed or avoided >, o>taining -rom court#
on e* /arte a//lication# order to 0ho? cau0e# ?hich al0o avoid0 and >,/a00e0 reFuirement that
ground0 o- motion 0hall 0tate ?ith /articularit, ground0 there-or and 0hall 0et -orth relie- or
order 0ought; N"CP 9; 5nited Pac; 1n0; Co; v; .t; Deni0# (96# 399 P;!d (3# %( Nev; (03;
4udgment 3(9
!4; '''' &ime -or motion to alter or amend Gudgment
"ule o- civil /rocedure regarding motion0 to amend Gudgment and rule o- a//ellate /rocedure
that allo?0 0uch motion0 to toll time in ?hich to -ile notice o- a//eal echo -ederal rule0# and a
court ma, con0ult -ederal la? in inter/reting them; ++ Primo Builder0 v; 8a0hington# !0(0#
!0(0 86 4!!6(4; Court0 97E(<
ContractorB0 /o0t'Gudgment Cmotion to amend orderD Fuali-ied a0 a motion to alter or amend
Gudgment# ?hich tolled the time contractor had to -ile notice o- a//eal: the motion ?a0 in ?riting#
- 64 -
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invo@ed rule on amendment o- Gudgment0# a0@ed to vacate the Gudgment o- di0mi00al# and
a//ended /roo- that the charter# -or ?ant o- ?hich contractorB0 0uit ?a0 lo0t# had >een re0tored
and urged the di0trict court to con0ider 0tatute# ?hich /rovided that rein0tatement o- an
admini0trativel,
revo@ed limited lia>ilit, charter related >ac@ to the date on ?hich the com/an, -or-eited
it0 right to tran0act >u0ine00 a0 i- 0uch right had at all time0 remained in -ull -orce and
e--ect: di0a//roving +lvi0 v; .tate# 9aming Control Bd;# 99 Nev; (%4# 660 P;!d 9%0# NardoVVi
v; Clar@ Co; .chool Di0t;# (0% Nev; 7# %!3 P;!d !%# and 8hitehead v; Norman Ha,e "eal 30tate#
%0 Nev; 3%3# 39 P;!d 3!9; ++ Primo Builder0# 66C v; 8a0hington# !0(0# !4 P;3d
((90; +//eal and 3rror 4!%E!<
&imel, motion0 -or amendment o- trial courtB0 -inding0# amendment o- the Gudgment and ne?
trial tolled running o- a//eal /eriod and rendered ine--ective all notice0 o- a//eal ?hich ?ere
-iled >e-ore -ormal di0/o0ition o- the timel, /o0tGudgment motion0 and thu0# trial court erred
in concluding that it lac@ed Guri0diction to entertain the timel, tolling motion0; "ule0
Civ;Proc;# "ule0 !E><# 9Ea# e<: "ule0 +//;Proc;# "ule 4Ea<E!<; Cha/man 1ndu0trie0 v; 5nited
1n0; Co; o- +merica# (994# %74 P;!d 739# ((0 Nev; 44; +//eal +nd 3rror 346;!: +//eal
+nd 3rror 4!%E!<
9rant o- motion -or 0ta, o- e*ecution doe0 not /rovide >a0i0 -or di0trict court to 0u0/end the
time -or -iling motion to alter or amend Gudgment; "ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule0 9Ee<# 6!E><; .ta//
v; 2ilton 2otel0 Cor/;# (99!# %!6 P;!d 94# (0% Nev; !09# rehearing denied; 4udgment
3!(
Di0trict court ?a0 ?ithout Guri0diction to con0ider untimel, motion to amend Gudgment# and
thu0 amended Gudgment entered /ur0uant thereto ?a0 void; "ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule 9Ee<; .ta//
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00980
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v; 2ilton 2otel0 Cor/;# (99!# %!6 P;!d 94# (0% Nev; !09# rehearing denied; 4udgment
3!(
)iling notice o- a//eal >e-ore di0trict court entered order den,ing rehearing did not render a//eal
void# on theor, that motion -or rehearing i0 -unctional eFuivalent o- motion to alter or
amend Gudgment# and thu0 -all0 ?ithin Civil Procedure "ule /roviding that a//eal i0 void
?hen notice i0 -iled >e-ore -ormal di0/o0ition o- timel, /o0tGudgment motion; "ule0
Civ;Proc;# "ule0 0E><# !E><# 6Ee<# 9Ee<; NardoVVi v; Clar@ Count, .chool Di0t;# (99!# %!3
P;!d !%# (0% Nev; 7# rehearing denied; +//eal +nd 3rror 337E!<
8here motion C-or an order amending and altering the Gudgment herein regarding attorne,B0
-ee0D ?a0 not -iled until more than ten da,0 a-ter movant0B coun0el ?a0 0erved ?ith notice o-
entr, o- order granting 0uch Gudgment# di0trict court ?a0 ?ithout Guri0diction to con0ider motion:
and# thu0# order granting motion ?a0 void; N"+P 4Ea<# !6Ea<: N"CP 9# 9Ee<; Oel0ner
v; Charle0 C; =ee@ 6um>er Co; o- Car0on Cit,# (976# P;!d !(7# 9! Nev; 76; 4udgment
3!(
!; '''' .ervice o- notice# motion to alter or amend Gudgment
1- motion to alter or amend Gudgment i0 not 0erved ?ithin ten da,0 a-ter 0ervice o- ?ritten notice
o- entr, o- Gudgment# time -or a//eal i0 not tolled; "ule0 +//;Proc;# "ule 4Ea<: "ule0
Civ;Proc;# "ule 9Ee<; =orrell v; 3d?ard0# (9%!# 640 P;!d (3!!# 9% Nev; 9(; +//eal +nd 3rror
346;!
8here motion to alter or amend Gudgment >, 0tri@ing a?ard o- co0t0 ?a0 not -iled until !7
da,0 a-ter 0ervice o- notice o- entr, o- Gudgment# 0ervice o- motion did not toll time -or a//eal;
"ule0 +//;Proc;# "ule 4Ea<: "ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule 9Ee<; =orrell v; 3d?ard0# (9%!# 640
P;!d (3!!# 9% Nev; 9(; +//eal +nd 3rror 346;!
- 66 -
00981
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Di0trict court ?a0 ?ithout Guri0diction to amend Gudgment in -avor o- /lainti--0 >ecau0e no notice
to amend ?a0 -iled and no notice ?a0 given to /lainti--0; "ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule 9Ee<;
2orvath v; 9lad0tone# (9%(# 637 P;!d 3(# 97 Nev; 94; 4udgment 3!3
!6; =otion -or ne? trial''1n general
8here daughter# ?ho -iled motion a-ter di0trict Gudge denied daughterB0 motion to com/el
-ather to com/l, ?ith 0u//ort /rovi0ion0 o- divorce decree# merel, reFue0ted an o//ortunit,
to reargue the la? and did not 0ee@ a ne? trial on the -act0# the motion ?a0 a motion -or reargument
rather than motion -or ne? trial# and# thu0# daughter ?a0 not >ound >, /rocedural con0traint0
in rule relating to motion0 -or ne? trial; N"CP 9# 9E><; 9i>>0 v; 9ile0# (9%0# 607
P;!d ((%# 96 Nev; !43; Child .u//ort 469
!7; '''' &ime -or motion -or ne? trial
&en'da, time /eriod -or -iling motion0 -or Gudgment a0 a matter o- la? and -or a ne? trial
0hould >e calculated -ir0t under rule e*cluding intermediate .aturda,0# .unda,0# and nonGudi'
cial da,0# and then three additional da,0 0hould >e added i- 0ervice o- ?ritten notice o- entr,
o- Gudgment ?a0 made >, mail or electronic mean0: a>rogating Cu0tom Ca>inet )actor, o-
Ne? 7or@ v; Di0trict Court# ((9 Nev; (# 6! P;3d 74(# and "o00 v; 9iacomo# 97 Nev; 0# 63
P;!d !9%; 8in0ton Product0 Co; v; DeBoer# !006# (34 P;3d 7!6# (!! Nev; (7; &ime %;:
&ime (0E6<: &ime (0E7<
6itigantB0 timel, -iled motion -or Gudgment a0 a matter o- la? or -or a ne? trial tolled the time
to a//eal -rom /o0t'Gudgment order a?arding attorne, -ee0# and thu0 a//eal ?a0 timel,; 8in0ton
Product0 Co; v; DeBoer# !006# (34 P;3d 7!6# (!! Nev; (7; +//eal +nd 3rror 34;(
: +//eal +nd 3rror 346;(
+ timel, -iled tolling motion directed at the -inal Gudgment# 0uch a0 a motion -or Gudgment a0
- 67 -
00982
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a matter o- la? or a motion -or a ne? trial# toll0 the time to a//eal -rom >oth the -inal Gudgment
and 0/ecial order0 entered a-ter -inal Gudgment; 8in0ton Product0 Co; v; DeBoer# !006#
(34 P;3d 7!6# (!! Nev; (7; +//eal +nd 3rror 34;(: +//eal +nd 3rror 346;(
6itigantB0 motion -or Gudgment a0 a matter o- la? or -or a ne? trial ?a0 timel, -iled a-ter tenda,
/eriod -or -iling ?a0 e*tended under rule e*cluding intervening .aturda,0# .unda,0# and
nonGudicial da,0# and three additional da,0 ?ere added -or 0ervice >, mail# and thu0 motion
e--ectivel, tolled the time to a//eal; 8in0ton Product0 Co; v; DeBoer# !006# (34 P;3d 7!6#
(!! Nev; (7; +//eal +nd 3rror 34;(: +//eal +nd 3rror 346;(: &ime %;:
&ime (0E7<
+ notice o- a//eal -iled a-ter the timel, -iling o- a /o0t'Gudgment tolling motion# >ut >e-ore
the -ormal di0/o0ition o- the motion# i0 ine--ective and -ail0 to ve0t Guri0diction in the a//ellate
court; =oran v; Bonneville .Fuare +00ociate0# !00(# ! P;3d %9%# ((7 Nev; !; +//eal
+nd 3rror 4!%E!<
&imel, motion -or ne? trial i0 a tolling motion -or /ur/o0e0 o- rule /roviding that notice o-
a//eal -iled >e-ore -ormal di0/o0ition o- an, timel, /o0tGudgment motion 0hall have no e--ect;
"ule0 Civ;Proc;# "ule 9Ea<: "ule0 +//;Proc;# "ule 4Ea<E!<; Cha/man 1ndu0trie0 v; 5nited 1n0;
Co; o- +merica# (994# %74 P;!d 739# ((0 Nev; 44; +//eal +nd 3rror 4!%E!<
.ervice o- motion -or ne? trial le00 than ten da,0 a-ter 0ervice o- ?ritten notice o- entr, o-
Gudgment ?a0 timel,; N"CP 9E><; 6andmar@ PlaVa# 1nc; v; Deligatti# (964# 3%9 P;!d %(# %0
Nev; 4%; Ne? &rial (3%
8here ?ritten notice o- entr, o- Gudgment ?a0 0erved and -iled on =a, and on =a, (!
/artie0 0igned 0ti/ulation e*tending time to move -or ne? trial to 4une 6# court could not# >,
e* /arte order entered on 4une !# e*tend time to move -or ne? trial until 4une !7# even i- e*ten0ion
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>, 0ti/ulation ?a0 valid; N"CP 6E><# 9E><# 73Ea<; Culinar, and 2otel .ervice 8or@'
er0 5nion# 6ocal No; !!6 v; 2augen# (960# 37 P;!d ((3# 76 Nev; 4!4# certiorari di0mi00ed %(
.;Ct; (349# 366 5;.; 906# 6 6;3d;!d !39; Ne? &rial ((%
8here the 0tatute reFuire0 notice in ?riting o- the deci0ion o- the court to >e 0erved# to cau0e
the time to run again0t a motion -or a ne? trial# a ?aiver o- the right o- de-endant to notice o-
Gudgment again0t him cannot >e in-erred -rom an oral reFue0t >, hi0 attorne,# made on the
0treet to /lainti--B0 attorne,# that he add no more co0t0 in entering Gudgment than he can hel/;
.tate v; =ur/h,# (%%# 6 P; %40# (9 Nev; %9; Ne? &rial (3%
8here an attorne, ?a0 ?illing to give an e*ten0ion o- time -or /re/aring a 0tatement o- the
ca0e -or the /ur/o0e o- a ne? trial# i- he could do 0o ?ithout ?aiving an, right o- hi0 client in
other re0/ect0# >ut ?a0 ver, guarded in 0igning an, 0ti/ulation not to ?aive other right0# there
?a0 no ?aiver o- a notice o- ne? trial; Hilli/ v; 3m/ire =ill Co;# (%66# ! Nev; 34; Ne? &rial
(39
8hen no notice o- intention to move -or a ne? trial i0 made ?ithin t?o da,0 o- the rendition
o- Gudgment# the court# >, adGourning in the meantime# lo0e0 Guri0diction o- the ca0e# and ha0
no authorit, 0u>0eFuentl, to grant leave to give the notice nunc /ro tunc; Hilli/ v; 3m/ire
=ill Co;# (%66# ! Nev; 34; Ne? &rial (3%
5nder Prac; +ct# N (9# ?hich reFuire0 a notice o- intention to move -or a ne? trial to >e given
?ithin t?o da,0 a-ter trial# and ?ithin -ive da,0 therea-ter the nece00ar, 0tatement or a--idavit0
to >e -iled# >ut ?hich doe0 not in term0 reFuire notice o- intention to >e given in ?riting#
a mere ver>al notice o- an intention to move -or a ne? trial# given out o- court in a conver0ation
?ith the 0ucce00-ul /art,# i0 not 0u--icient: >ut the notice mu0t >e in ?riting# or in
o/en court# and a minute made o- it; Hilli/ v; 3m/ire =ill Co;# (%66# ! Nev; 34; Ne? &rial
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(37
!%; '''' 8aiver o- notice# motion -or ne? trial
8here notice o- an intention >, 0ome o- 0everal de-endant0 to move -or a ne? trial i0 ?aived
>, a co'de-endant# >, Goining in the 0tatement on 0uch motion# neither he nor the /lainti-- can
com/lain# on an a//eal -rom an order den,ing the motion -or ne? trial# o- the -ailure to 0erve
0uch notice on the co'de-endant; 4udgment E(%99< 6 P; !3(# !4 Nev; 4!!# a--irmed; Bli00 v;
9ra,0on# (900# 9 P; %%%# ! Nev; 3!9; +//eal +nd 3rror %%!E!0<
!%;; Pre0ervation o- i00ue -or revie? or motion
Pa00engerB0 motion in limine regarding 0eat>elt evidence and the u0e o- 0uch evidence# in
/roduct0 lia>ilit, and negligence action >rought >, /a00enger inGured in a 0ingle'car rollover
again0t automo>ile manu-acturer and driver# did not 0erve a0 a continuing o>Gection under
6ioce to alleged mi0conduct >, manu-acturerB0 attorne, in the u0e o- 0uch evidence during
o/ening 0tatement: 0tatute /reventing the u0e o- 0eat>elt evidence to e0ta>li0h dut, or -ault did
not /rohi>it the admi00ion o- 0eat>elt evidence in all /roceeding0# order 0/eci-icall, allo?ed
0eat>elt evidence to >e introduced# allo?ing manu-acturer to introduce 0eat>elt nonu0e evidence
?ithout arguing cau0ation ?a0 a delicate and di--icult line to dra?# and /a00enger ?a0 reFuired
to o>Gect during o/ening 0tatement in order to allo? the trial court to de-ine the >oundarie0
o- the order in limine; Ba,eri0che =otoren 8er@e +@tienge0ell0cha-t v; "oth# !0((# !!
P;3d 649; Pretrial Procedure 3
Pa00enger inGured in 0ingle'car rollover ?aived# -or /ur/o0e0 o- a 0u>0eFuent 6ioce motion -or
a ne? trial# o>Gection that remar@0 made >, automo>ile manu-acturerB0 attorne, in o/ening
0tatement# that /a00enger ?a0 eGected >ecau0e 0he ?a0 not ?earing her 0eat>elt# that i- 0he had
not >een eGected 0he ?ould not have 0u--ered a 0/inal cord inGur,# and that driver ?a0 ?earing
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her 0eat>elt and ?a0 not eGected# violated order in limine regarding the u0e o- 0eat>elt evidence
in /roduct0 lia>ilit, and negligence action again0t manu-acturer and driver# ?here /a00enger
did not contem/oraneou0l, o>Gect to 0uch remar@0; Ba,eri0che =otoren 8er@e +@tienge0ell0cha-t
v; "oth# !0((# !! P;3d 649; Ne? &rial 3(
!9; +--idavit0
&he a--idavit0 on a motion -or a ne? trial on the ground o- ne?l, di0covered evidence mu0t
contain the -act0 ?hich 0ho? the u0e o- rea0ona>le diligence to di0cover 0uch evidence >e-ore
trial# and a mere a00ertion that all rea0ona>le diligence ?a0 u0ed i0 in0u--icient; Pin0cho?er0
v; 2an@0# (%%3# ( P; 44# (% Nev; 99; Ne? &rial (0E4<
30; Order granting or re-u0ing ne? trial
8hen ruling on a motion -or a ne? trial >a0ed on attorne, mi0conduct# di0trict court0 mu0t
ma@e e*/re00 -actual -inding0# a//l,ing the 6ioce 0tandard0; Ba,eri0che =otoren 8er@e
+@tienge0ell0cha-t
v; "oth# !0((# !! P;3d 649; Ne? &rial !9: Ne? &rial (63E(<
5nder rule0 o- civil /rocedure# trial court# in granting de-endantB0 motion -or ne? trial >a0ed
on 0everal di--erent ground0 ?a0 not reFuired to 0tate in ?riting the ground0 u/on ?hich it
granted the ne? trial; N;C;6;(9!9# N %%77: N;C;6;(93('(94( .u//; N 93%;3: "ule0 o- Civil
Procedure rule 9; Pagni v; Cit, o- ./ar@0# (96# !93 P;!d 4!(# 7! Nev; 4(; Ne? &rial
(63E(<
3(; .co/e o- ne? trial grant
8here 0u>le00or0# 0uing 0u>le00ee0'tenant0 holding over -or /o00e00ion# >ac@ rent and damage0#
neither o>Gected in trial court nor Fue0tioned on a//eal in0truction that Gur, ?a0 to determine
amount o- damage0 0u--ered >, 0u>le00or0 >ecau0e o- 0u>le00eeB0 continued /o00e00ion
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i- the, -ound that 0u>lea0e had >een validl, terminated# 0u>le00or0# in order to o>tain additur#
had to demon0trate# that had 0uch in0truction >een /ro/erl, a//lied# it ?ould have >een
im/o00i>le -or Gur, to reach conclu0ion that 0u>le00or0B damage0 ?ere the amount a?arded;
N"CP 9Ea<# Ea<E<; 3i@el>erger v; &olotti# (97%# 74 P;!d !77# 94 Nev; %; Ne? &rial
(6(E3<
3!; "evie?''1n general
8here evidence con-licted concerning e*actl, ?hat ha//ened in automo>ile accident ca0e#
.u/reme Court ?a0 reFuired to revie? the evidence in light mo0t con0i0tent ?ith the Gur, verdict
on a//eal -rom grant o- motion -or ne? trial; Bra0cia v; 4ohn0on# (9%9# 7%( P;!d 76# (0
Nev; 9!; +//eal +nd 3rror 933E<
8i-eB0 motion0 -or relie- -rom Gudgment and -or a ne? trial 0hould >e -iled and heard in the
di0trict court# ?hich i- inclined to grant relie- 0hould 0o certi-, to the .u/reme Court# at ?hich
/oint a reFue0t -or remand o- a//eal -rom /ortion0 o- divorce decree di0tri>uting /ro/ert,
?ould >e a//ro/riate; N"CP 9Ea<# 60E><; 2une,cutt v; 2une,cutt# (97%# 7 P;!d %# 94
Nev; 79; Divorce ((
8here a//ellant0 did not 0/eci-, and court ?a0 not a>le to -ind an,thing in record -rom ?hich
it could conclude that it ?a0 clear that a ?rong conclu0ion had >een reached in Gudgment
?hich ?a0 0u0tained >, 0u>0tantial evidence# .u/reme Court ?ould not di0tur> Gudgment; N"CP
!E><# 9Ee<; Brechan v; .cott# (976# P;!d (!30# 9! Nev; 633; +//eal +nd 3rror
(0(0;(E6<
33; '''' +//eala>le order0# revie?
+lthough not 0e/aratel, a//eala>le a0 a 0/ecial order a-ter Gudgment# an order den,ing a motion
to alter or amend Gudgment i0 revie?a>le -or a>u0e o- di0cretion on a//eal -rom the underl,ing
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Gudgment; ++ Primo Builder0# 66C v; 8a0hington# !0(0# !4 P;3d ((90; +//eal
and 3rror ((3E<: +//eal and 3rror %76
&rial courtB0 denial o- /etitionerB0 motion0# reFue0ting additional -inding0 o- -act and reFue0ting
that the trial court alter or amend the order den,ing the /o0t'conviction /etition -or ?rit o-
ha>ea0 cor/u0# ?a0 not inde/endentl, a//eala>le; Hlein v; 8arden# !00!# 43 P;3d (0!9# ((%
Nev; 30; 2a>ea0 Cor/u0 %(4
Order ca/tioned order declaring mi0trial ?a0 an order granting a ne? trial# and# thu0# a//eala>le:
?hen order ?a0 i00ued# >oth verdict0 had >een returned and trial had >een concluded and
order ?a0 i00ued 0u>0eFuent to motion and hearing -ollo?ing conclu0ion o- trial; Carl0on v;
6ocatelli# (993# %49 P;!d 3(3# (09 Nev; !7; +//eal +nd 3rror ((0: Ne? &rial
(63E(<
8hen a court ?hich ha0 lo0t Guri0diction o- a ca0e im/ro/erl, grant0 leave to give notice o- in'
tention to move -or a ne? trial# and a-ter?ard0 grant0 the ne? trial# it i0 0u--icient to a//eal
-rom the latter order onl,; Hilli/ v; 3m/ire =ill Co;# (%66# ! Nev; 34; +//eal +nd 3rror
((0
34; '''' &imeline00 o- a//lication# revie?
1n a>0ence o- com/liance ?ith Guri0dictional reFuirement -or -iling o- notice o- a//eal ?ithin
time limited >, rule0# court cannot hear a//eal on merit0; N"CP 6E><# 9E><# 73Ea<; Culinar,
and 2otel .ervice 8or@er0 5nion# 6ocal No; !!6 v; 2augen# (960# 37 P;!d ((3# 76 Nev; 4!4
# certiorari di0mi00ed %( .;Ct; (349# 366 5;.; 906# 6 6;3d;!d !39; +//eal +nd 3rror
430E(<
3; '''' Notice o- motion -or a//eal# revie?
5/on an a//eal -rom a Gudgment >, t?o o- 0everal de-endant0# notice o- a//eal need not >e
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0erved u/on co'de-endant0 a0 to ?hom the action ?a0 di0mi00ed# over the o>Gection o- a//ellant0#
>e-ore the Gudgment ?a0 rendered; 4udgment E(%99< 6 P; !3(# !4 Nev; 4!!# a--irmed;
Bli00 v; 9ra,0on# (900# 9 P; %%%# ! Nev; 3!9; +//eal +nd 3rror 4(
One o- 0everal de-endant0 ?ho ha0 -iled a motion -or ne? trial# >a0ed u/on the Goint 0tatement
o- all the de-endant0# i0 not an adver0e /art,# u/on ?hom notice o- a//eal mu0t >e 0erved on
a//eal >, hi0 co'de-endant0 -rom an order den,ing their motion -or ne? trial# ?hether hi0 0e/arate
motion i0 0u0tained or denied; 4udgment E(%99< 6 P; !3(# !4 Nev; 4!!# a--irmed; Bli00
v; 9ra,0on# (900# 9 P; %%%# ! Nev; 3!9; +//eal +nd 3rror 4(4
36; '''' .co/e o- revie?
3m/lo,erB0 o>Gection at trial in em/lo,eeB0 action -or >reach o- em/lo,ment agreement# that
clo0ing argument o- em/lo,eeB0 coun0el im/lied that em/lo,erB0 coun0el hel/ed em/lo,er -a>ricate
em/lo,erB0 te0timon,# did not /re0erve a//ellate revie? o- a claim that calling a ?itne00
a liar ?a0 im/ro/er; "ingle v; Bruton# !004# %6 P;3d (03!# (!0 Nev; %!; +//eal +nd 3rror
!3!E;<
.u/reme Court could not revie? trial courtB0 -ailure to a?ard attorne, -ee0 ?here it had granted
motion -or ne? trial and ruled that de-endantB0 motion -or co0t0 and -ee0 ?a0 thu0 de-aulted;
"ule0 +//;Proc;# "ule 3+; Bra0cia v; 4ohn0on# (9%9# 7%( P;!d 76# (0 Nev; 9!; +//eal
+nd 3rror (77
Contention that o//o0ing /art,B0 coun0el erred in ma@ing certain argument to Gur, ?ould not
>e con0idered on a//eal ?here o>Gection to 0uch argument ?a0 -ir0t rai0ed in motion -or ne?
trial; N"CP 9Ea<E7<; .outhern Pac; &ran0/; Co; v; )itVgerald# (97%# 77 P;!d (!34# 94 Nev;
!4(# rehearing denied 79 P;!d (!(# 94 Nev; !4; +//eal +nd 3rror !30
+n e*ce/tion to the general rule that ?hen there i0 0u>0tantial evidence to 0u0tain a Gudgment
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it ?ill not >e di0tur>ed o>tain0 ?here# u/on all the evidence# it i0 clear that a ?rong conclu0ion
ha0 >een reached; N"CP !E><# 9Ee<; Brechan v; .cott# (976# P;!d (!30# 9! Nev;
633; +//eal +nd 3rror (0(0;(E6<
5nder +ct0 (%69# N (9# 0u>d; 6# and 1d; N (97# a0 amended >, +ct0 (%93# /; %9# /roviding
that# ?hen the notice o- an intention to move -or a ne? trial de0ignate0 a0 a ground the in0u--icienc,
o- the evidence# it 0hall >e a 0u--icient a00ignment o- error to 0/eci-, that the verdict or
Gudgment i0 not 0u//orted >, the evidence or i0 contrar, to the evidence# the 0u--icienc, o- the
/leading0 and error0 a//earing in the Gudgment roll ma, >e con0idered on an a//eal -rom an
order den,ing a ne? trial; 4udgment E(%99< 6 P; !3(# !4 Nev; 4!!# a--irmed; Bli00 v;
9ra,0on# (900# 9 P; %%%# ! Nev; 3!9; +//eal +nd 3rror %67E(<
&he lo?er court i0 the 0ole Gudge o- the credi>ilit, o- te0timon, given in 0u//ort o- a motion
-or a ne? trial on the ground o- 0ur/ri0e; .ultan v; .her?ood# (%%4# P; 7(# (% Nev; 44; +//eal
+nd 3rror 994E3<
37; '''' Di0/o0ition# revie?
.u/reme Court ma, u/hold the grant o- a ne? trial even i- it i0 Gu0ti-ied on a di--erent ground
than the trial court -ound; Bra0cia v; 4ohn0on# (9%9# 7%( P;!d 76# (0 Nev; 9!; +//eal +nd
3rror %6E<
.u/reme Court ?ould rever0e lo?er courtB0 order granting motion -or ne? trial ?here a//ellant0
made /rima -acie 0ho?ing on /artial record that lo?er court erred in granting motion -or
ne? trial# and re0/ondent -ailed to de0ignate an, /ertinent /ortion0 o- trial tran0cri/t to re>ut
thi0 0ho?ing; 4aramillo v; Blac@0tone# (9%# 704 P;!d (0%4# (0( Nev; 3(6; +//eal +nd 3rror
(0(E(<
&rial court order0 determining that 0toc@# ?hich ?a0 0u>Gect o- o/tion# had no real value on
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0tated da, and relea0ing 0uretie0 on o/tionorB0 0u/er0edea0 >ond ?ere erroneou0 ?here# on
/reviou0 a//eal# .u/reme Court had determined that o/tionor had >reached agreement and
had remanded -or determination o- mar@et value# no ne? trial having >een granted or 0ought;
N"CP 9Ea<; Brom>erg v; )innell# (964# 39( P;!d 3(# %0 Nev; (%9# certiorari denied % .;Ct;
700# 379 5;.; 9%%# (3 6;3d;!d 6(0; +//eal +nd 3rror (!(!E4<
44; Nunc /ro tunc order0
8i-eB0 marriage to her 0econd hu0>and ?a0 void >ecau0e 0he ?a0 0till married to her -ir0t hu0>and
?hen 0he /artici/ated in a marriage ceremon, ?ith 0econd hu0>and# and# 0ince nunc /ro
tunc order could onl, re-lect that ?hich ?a0 actuall, done# trial court could not modi-, the divorce
decree in the -ir0t marriage >, nunc /ro tunc entr, o- the divorce decree to a da, >e-ore
the 0econd marriage -or the /ur/o0e o- legitimiVing the other?i0e void 0econd marriage:
courtB0 deci0ion to a//rove /etition -or divorce ?a0 not eFuivalent to the e*erci0e o- a clerical
dut, that the court could later amend at it0 di0cretion; =cClintoc@ v; =cClintoc@# !006# (3%
P;3d (3# (!! Nev; %4!; Divorce (63: =arriage ((
Civ; Proc; "ule0# "563 9# N$ .& "CP "563 9
+//ellant0 incor/orate0 >, re-erence all argument0# -iling0# corre0/ondence etc made in the
trial court or 0o -ar in thi0 a//eal# e0/eciall, tho0e in the O//o0ition to =otion to Di0mi00;
^ &he !00% 6imited Court 4uri0diction Bench Boo@ and it0 !0(0 .u//lement 0et -orth a
num>er o- a//eala>le i00ue0 in thi0 matter# including:
.5==+"7 P5N1.2=3N& .ummar, /uni0hment i0 onl, /ermi00i>le -or direct contem/t0 Etho0e
act0 identi-ied in N". !!;0(0 committed ?ithin the immediate vie? and /re0ence o- the Gudge<;
Xue0tion0 to anal,Ve -or .ummar, Puni0hment R 10 the contem/t eligi>le -or 0ummar,
/uni0hmentZ Z +ct or omi00ion /er-ormed in /re0ence o- Court Z 1mmediate Gudicial action ?a0
reFuired to maintain or re0tore authorit,AGu0ticeAdignit, o- the Court Z 8a0 there an order that
0/elled out the detail0 o- com/liance in clear# 0/eci-ic and unam>iguou0 term0 0o that the /er0on
0hould have readil, @no?n e*actl, ?hat dutie0 or o>ligation0 ?ere im/o0ed on himZ Z 10 the
contem/t on in ?hich the /er0on ha0 omitted /er-orming an act ?hich i0 ,et in the /o?er o- the
/er0on to /er-ormZ R 8hat t,/e o- contem/t e*i0t0Z Z Civil in ?hich /uni0hment i0 a//ro/riateZ Z
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Civil in ?hich im/ri0onment to -orce /er-ormance i0 a//ro/riateZ Z Criminal in ?hich adGudication
o- a mi0demeanor i0 a//ro/riateZ R 8hat i0 the 0entence im/o0edZ Z 1m/ri0onment in count, Gail
not to e*ceed ! da,0 Z )ine not to e*ceed P00 E/a,a>le to count,Acit, trea0urer< Z Both a>ove
mentioned -ine and im/ri0onment Z 1- civil # e*/en0e0# including attorne, -ee0# o- inGured /art, i- the
contem/t involve0 di0o>edience to a la?-ul order or ?rit Z 10 the contem/t one that involve0 -ailure
to do an act ?hich i0 ,et in the /o?er o- the /er0on to /er-ormZ 1- 0o# i0 im/ri0onment in the count,
Gail nece00ar, or a//ro/riate to -orce the /er0on to com/l, ?ith the actZ Z 10 the contem/t -ailure to
a//ear or te0ti-, >e-ore a grand Gur,Z 1- 0o# im/ri0onment mu0t cea0e ?hen the grand Gur, i0 no
longer em/anelled; R 2ave ,ou com/leted the ?ritten orderZ E=u0t have a ?ritten order -iled< Z
"ecite0 the -act0 con0tituting the contem/t in the immediate vie? and /re0ence o- the court or
Gudge: Z )ind0 the /er0on guilt, o- the contem/t: and Z Pre0cri>e0 the /uni0hment -or the contem/
/ON/LU0ION
Ba0ed u/on the -oregoing the under0igned re0/ect-ull, reFue0t0 that thi0 Court vacate#
overturn# or other?i0e 0et a0ide the underl,ing 4udgment and Order o- Conviction in thi0 matter
E"=C (( C" !!(76<; +//ellant Declare0 under /enalt, o- /erGur,# /ur0uant to N". 3;04# that the
a00ertion0 in thi0 document are true and correct;
AFFIRMATION PUR0UANT TO NR0 1234.525
&he under0igned doe0 here>, a--irm that the /receding document doe0 not contain the 0ocial
0ecurit, num>er o- an, /er0on;
Dated: =arch !6# !0(!
A.A Zach Coughlin________
Zach Coughlin# +//ellant
+ttorne, -or Pro .e +//ellant denied .i*th +mendment "ight &o Coun0el
- 77 -
00992
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PROOF OF 0ERVI/E
Pur0uant to N"CP E><# 1 certi-, that 1 0erved a co/, o- the -oregoing document u/on the
-ollo?ing /art, >, electronicall, -iling on thi0 date and there-ore 0erving u/on regi0tered e-iler:
Pamela "o>ert0# 30F;
"eno Cit, +ttorne,B0 O--ice ' Criminal Divi0on
P;O; Bo* (900 "eno # N$ %90
&el: 77'334'!00
)a*: 77'334'!4!0
ro>ert0/`reno;gov
+ttorne, -or Cit, o- "eno
Date thi0 =arch !6# !0(!:
A.A Zach Coughlin
Zach Coughlin# +//ellant
- 78 -
00993
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Code: 2475
JOHN J. KADLIC
Reno City Attorney
PAMELA G. ROBERTS
Reno, Nevada 89505
Appellant,
vs.
corporation,
Respondent.
* * 0 * *
CASE NO.: CRll-2064
DEPT. NO.: 10
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Reno City Attorney
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NV 89505
1+---------------------------
MOTION TO STRIKE APPELLANT'S MOTION FOR NEW TRIAL
Deputy City Attorney, and files its Motion to Strike Appellant's pleading entitled "Motion for
New Trial, Or Pled in the Alternative, Motion to Alter or Amend" (hereinafter "Motion for New
Trial") as follows: This Motion to Strike is based upon the pleadings and documents on file
herein, and the following Points and Authorities.
On March 15,2012, this Honorable Court entered an Order denying the Appeal and
affirming the decision of the Muncipal Court. This 2
nd
Judicial District Court no longer has
jurisdiction over this case and the Appellant's Motion for New Trial is moot.
-1-
F I L E D
Electronically
03-27-2012:02:55:59 PM
Clerk of the Court
00994
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Reno City AttOl'ney
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NY 89505
CONCLUSION
Based upon the foregoing, Respondent respectfully requests that this Honorable Court
enter an Order striking the Appellant's Motion for New Trial.
DATEDthis 21'\1\ day of March, 2012.
JOHN J. KADLIC
Reno City Attorney
By: ~ i J ~
Pamela G. Roberts
Reno, Nevada 89505
Attorneysfor Respondent
-2-
00995
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Reno City Attorney
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NV 89505
AFFIRMATION
Pursuant to NRS 239B.030 .
The undersigned does hereby affirm that the preceding document Motion to Strike
(Title of Document)
filed in case number: -"'C""-'R:o.=I-'".I--!:-2"-"0'-"6:...:.4______________________
-OR-
D
D
-OR-
D
-OR-
D
Date: March 27,2012
(Signature)
Pamela G. Roberts
(Print Name)
City of Reno
(Attorney for)
00996
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Reno City Attomey
P.O. Box 1900
Reno, NV 89505
business practices.
o
Personal delivery.
o
Facsimile (FAX).
o
o
1422 East 9
th
St #2
Reno, NV 89512
DATED this 27rd day of March 2012.
Penelope H. Co ter
00997
Clerk Accepted: 04-05-2012:12:09:10
Document(s) Submitted: Notice/Appeal Supreme Court
COUGHLIN
00998

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F I L E D
Electronically
04-06-2012:11:30:39 AM
Code 4132 Clerk of the Court
ZACHARY COUGHLIN, Case No. CR11-2064
Dept. No. 10
Appellant,
vs.
CITY OF RENO,
Respondent.
______________________________________/
NOTICE OF APPEAL DEFICIENCY
TO: Clerk of the Court, Nevada Supreme Court,
and All Parties or their Respective Counsel Of Record:
On April 5, 2012, Plaintiff, Zachary Coughlin, filed a Notice of Appeal with the
Court. The Notice of Appeal did not include a Case Appeal Statement pursuant to NRAP
(3)(f)(1).
Pursuant to NRAP 3(a)(3), on April 6, 2012, the Notice of Appeal was filed with the
Nevada Supreme Court. By copy of this notice Plaintiff, Zachary Coughlin, was apprised
of the deficiency.
Dated this 6th day of April, 2012.
J OEY ORDUNA HASTINGS
CLERK OF THE COURT
By: _/s/Lori Matheus______
Lori Matheus
Deputy Clerk
00999

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CASE NO. CR11-2064
I certify that I am an employee of the Second J udicial District Court of the State of
Nevada, County of Washoe; that on the 6th day of April, 2012, I electronically filed the
Notice of Appeal Deficiency with the Clerk of the Court by using the ECF system.
I further certify that I transmitted a true and correct copy of the foregoing document
by the method(s) noted below:
Electronically filed with the Clerk of the Court by using the ECF system which will send
a notice of electronic filing to the following:
].Zachary Coughlin, Esq.
Pamela Roberts, Esq.
Deposited in the Washoe County mailing system for postage and mailing with the
United States Postal Service in Reno, Nevada: (none)
/s/Lori Matheus______
Lori Matheus
Deputy Clerk
01000
Judge:
CR11-2064
STEVEN ELLIOTT
Clerk Accepted:
Court:
Case Title:
Filed By:
06-09-2012:18:33:12
06-11-2012:08:26:51
Case Appeal Statement
- **Continuation
COUGHLIN
01001

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F I L E D
Electronically
06-14-2012:10:11:34 AM
ZACHARY COUGHLIN,
Appellant,
Case No. CR11-2064
vs.
Dept. No. 10
CITY OF RENO,
Respondent.
_____________________________________________/
CERTIFICATE OF CLERK AND TRANSMITTAL NRAP 3(g)(1)(B)
I certify that I am an employee of the Second J udicial District Court of the State of
Nevada, County of Washoe. On the 14th day of J une, 2012, I electronically filed to the
Supreme Court the Case Appeal Statement filed J une 9, 2012.
The Order is transmitted pursuant to NRAP 3(g)(1)(B).
I further certify that the transmitted record is a copy of the original pleadings on file
with the Second J udicial District Court.
Dated this 14th day of J une, 2012.
J OEY ORDUNA HASTINGS
CLERK OF THE COURT
By_/s/ Lori Matheus______
Lori Matheus
Deputy Clerk
01002
Clerk Accepted: 06-14-2012:10:12:09
Document(s) Submitted: Certificate of Clerk
Filed By: Lori Matheus
COUGHLIN
01003
,
SUPREME COURT
OF
NEVAOA
(0) 1947A ...,
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEVADA
ZACHARY COUGHLIN,
Appellant,
vs.
CITY OF RENO, A MUNICIPAL
CORPORATION,
Respondent.
No. 60630

\D FILED
JUl 2 0 2012
ORDER DISMISSING APPEAL
This is a proper person appeal from an order of the district
court denying an appeal from a municipal court conviction. Second
Judicial District Court, Washoe County; Steven P. Elliott, Judge.
Our review of this appeal reveals a jurisdictional defect.
Specifically, appellant's case arose in the municipal court. The district
court has final appellate jurisdiction over a case arising in the municipal
court. Nev. Const. art. 6, 6; Tripp v. City of Sparks, 92 Nev. 362, 363,
550 P.2d 419, 419 (1976); NRS 5.073(1); NRS 266.565(1); NRS 266.595;
RMC 2.16.070. Accordingly, we conclude that we lack jurisdiction to
consider this appeal, and we
ORDER this appeal DISMISSED.
-Do-u#z;.;.;....la-s J.

0.
, J.
J.
Parraguirre
F I L E D
Electronically
07-24-2012:02:38:32 PM
Clerk of the Court
01004
\
cc: Hon. Steven P. Elliott, District Judge
Zachary Coughlin
Attorney General/Carson City
Reno City Attorney
Washoe District Court Clerk
SUPREME COURT
OF
NEVADA
(0) 1947A .....
2
01005
Clerk Accepted: 07-24-2012:14:39:32
Document(s) Submitted: Supreme Ct Ord Dismis Appeal
Filed By: Annie Smith
COUGHLIN
01006

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F I L E D
Electronically
07-25-2012:05:09:51 PM
Zach Coughlin Clerk of the Court
NV Bar No: 9473 (suspended) Transaction # 3108680
PO Box 3961
Reno, NV 89505
Tel 775 338 8118
Fax 949 667 7402
Zach Coughlin,
Appellant,
City of Reno, Case No.: cr11-2064
Respondent Dept. No. 10
__________________________________/
MOTION TO SET ASIDE OR VACATE CONVICTION AND OR ORDER AFFIRMING IT
Zach Coughlin files this brief on his own behalf seeking to have the Conviction ro
Order affirming it set aside or vacate for the reasons set forth herein in the attached
exhibits.
The undersigned does hereby affirm that the preceding document does not contain the
social security number of any person.
Dated this july 24
th
, 2012 by
___/S/ Zach Coughlin
Zach Coughlin
Appellant, pro per
1
01007

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Proof of Service
I, Zach Coughlin, electronically served the foregoing document on July 25
th
, 2012 on:
Pam Roberts
City of Reno
Date July 25
th
, 2012
Dated this july 24
th
, 2012 by
___/S/ Zach Coughlin
Zach Coughlin
Appellant, pro per
2
01008

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Index to Exhibits
1. Exhibit 1, recent N. S. Ct filing relevant to the instant motion, one hundred and eight
(108) pages.
3
01009
F I L E D
Electronically
07-25-2012:05:09:51 PM
Clerk of the Court
EXHIBIT 1
EXHIBIT 1
01010

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Electronically Filed
Jun 18 2012 09:24 a.m.
Tracie K. Lindeman
Clerk of Supreme Court
In Re Matter of: )
)
ZACHARY BARKER COUGHLIN ES!" )
) S*+re,e Co*rt No: -./(/
Ne#a$a Bar No: %&'( )
)
"
MOTION FOR LEAVE TO SUPPLEMENT OR AMEND EMERGENCY MOTION TO ALTER
OR AMEND OR SET ASIDE TEMPORARY SUSPENSION AND NOTICE OF SUPREME
COURT CLERK0S FAILURE TO TIMELY FILE OPPOSITION TO BAR COUNSEL0S PETITION
FOR TEMPORARY SUSPENSION
COMES NO1 ZACHARY BARKER COUGHLIN ES!" an$ f23e4 t5e a6o#e na,e$
$o7*,ent an$ ,o#e4 t524 Co*rt for t5e re32ef re8*e4te$ 5ere2n" T524 f232n9 24 f*rt5er 6a4e$ *+on t5e
+a+er4 an$ +3ea$2n94 on f23e 5ere2n an$ 2n t5e 7a4e 2n t5e tra23 7o*rt an$ t5e a++ea3 2n t5e D24tr27t
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Co*rt ,a; $e42re" A3ternat2#e3; Co*9532n re8*e4t4 t5at t5e Co*rt 4et a42$e 524 te,+orar; 4*4+en42on
+*r4*ant to SCR <<<=') an$ ref*4e to 7o*ntenan7e t5e SCR <<' Pet2t2on a4 :e33" B; :a; of t5e
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- <?%@ -
MOTION FOR LEAVE TO AMEND EMERGENCY MOTION TO ALTER OR AMEND OR SET ASIDE
TEMPORARY SUSPENSION AND NOTICE OF SUPREME COURT CLERK0S FAILURE TO TIMELY FILE
OPPOSITION TO BAR COUNSEL0S PETITION FOR TEMPORARY SUSPENSION an$ SCR <<' Pet2t2on
Docket 60838 Document 2012-18962
01011
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STATEMENT OF FACTS
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NRCP RULE @" SERVICE AND FILING OF PLEADINGS AND OTHER PAPERS""""NRCP
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- B?%@ -
01012
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- (?%@ -
01013
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<B.% =<%%<) =73er> ,*4t 7reate an a77*rate re7or$ of a33 +3ea$2n94 4*6,2tte$ for f232n9 :5et5er or not
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5a4 no a*t5or2t; to ret*rn $o7*,ent4 4*6,2tte$ for f232n9K 2n4tea$ 73er> ,*4t 4ta,+ $o7*,ent4 t5at
7annot 6e 2,,e$2ate3; f23e$ Hre7e2#e$H an$ ,*4t ,a2nta2n 4*75 $o7*,ent4 2n t5e re7or$ of t5e 7a4e)K
Dono5o #" D24tr27t Co*rt <./ Ne#" <.B' /&B P"B$ '(< =<%%B) =t5e 73er> of t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt 5a4 a
$*t; to f23e $o7*,ent4 an$ to >ee+ an a77*rate re7or$ of t5e +ro7ee$2n94 6efore t5e 7o*rt)K Gre; #"
Gre; <<< Ne#" (// /%B P"B$ @%@ =<%%@) =73er> of $24tr27t 7o*rt a$,on245e$ for fa23*re to >ee+
a77*rate re7or$ of $o7*,ent4 4*6,2tte$ for f232n9)"
Pet2t2oner a33e9e4 t5at t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt 5a4 ref*4e$ to f23e 524 a++327at2on an$ 5a4 ret*rne$ 2t
:2t5 $2re7t2on4 to +ro#2$e ,ore 2nfor,at2on re9ar$2n9 e,+3o;,ent" In$ee$ +et2t2oner 5a4 atta75e$ to
524 +et2t2on for a :r2t 2n t524 7o*rt 524 or292na3 a++327at2on a4 2t :a4 ret*rne$ to 52," Atta75e$ to t5e
to+ of t5e $o7*,ent 24 a H+o4tA2tH note :2t5 t5e 5an$:r2tten notat2on: Ha++327at2on $en2e$ 2n7o,+3ete
2nfoAe,+3o;,ent 7*rrent3;"H & T5e 4tate 2nfor,4 *4 t5at t5e note :a4 :r2tten 6; Ht5e 752ef E*$9e"H In
a$$2t2on +et2t2oner a33e9e4 an$ t5e a33e9at2on 24 a++arent3; tr*e t5at a3on9 :2t5 524 H$en2e$H
a++327at2on for 3ea#e to +ro7ee$ 2n for,a +a*+er24 524 72#23 7o,+3a2nt :a4 ret*rne$ to 52, *nf23e$"
F2na33; +et2t2oner a33e9e4 an$ 5a4 atta75e$ $o7*,entat2on to 4*++ort t5e a33e9at2on t5at E*$9e40 3a:
73er>4 often ret*rn to +r24oner4 *nf23e$ ,ot2on4 a3on9 :2t5 3etter4 +*r+ort2n9 to r*3e on t5e 3e9a3
4*ff272en7; of t5o4e ,ot2on4" T5e 4tate ar9*e4 2n 2t4 an4:er to t524 +et2t2on t5at H+et2t2oner04
a++327at2on """ :a4 $en2e$ on t5e 6a424 t5at t5e a$$re44 of t5e Pet2t2oner :5275 :a4 3ater 92#en to t5e
Co*rt 6; Pet2t2oner """ $2$ not a++ear to 6e a Ea23 an$ t5at 4*75 2nfor,at2on :a4 7ontrar; to t5e
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01014
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2nfor,at2on 45o:n 2n t5e a++327at2on :5275 4tate$ t5at t5e Pet2t2oner :a4 2n +r24on" T5e 0o*t of Ea230
a$$re44 4*99e4te$ an a6232t; of t5e Pet2t2oner to 6e e,+3o;e$"H T524 #a9*e referen7e to an Ho*t of Ea23H
a$$re44 24 not eD+3a2ne$ 2n t5e $o7*,ent4 6efore t524 7o*rt" Ne#ert5e3e44 t5e 4tate04 a44ert2on t5at
+et2t2oner04 a++327at2on :a4 $en2e$ 24 2n7orre7t" T5e 5an$:r2tten notat2on on +et2t2oner04 *nf23e$
a++327at2on 73ear3; $oe4 not 7on4t2t*te a +ro+er E*$272a3 $24+o42t2on of t5at a++327at2on" F*rt5er t5e
a7t2on of t5e 73er> of t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt 2n ret*rn2n9 +et2t2oner04 a++327at2on an$ 72#23 7o,+3a2nt to 52,
*nf23e$ 24 2n $2re7t #2o3at2on of t524 7o*rt04 2n4tr*7t2on4 to t5e 73er> of t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt 2n 152t,an #"
152t,an <./ Ne#" %&% /&. P"B$ <B(B =<%%B)" T524 7o*rt 5a4 4e#era3 t2,e4 7onf2r,e$ t5e a64o3*te
o6329at2on of t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt4 to f23e $o7*,ent4 4*6,2tte$ to t5e, an$ to +re4er#e t5e r295t of
72t2Len4 to a77e44 to t5e 7o*rt4 :5et5er 2n$29ent or not" Barne4 #" D24tr27t Co*rt <.( Ne#" -'% '&/
P"B$ &/( =<%/')K H*e6ner #" State <.' Ne#" (B/ /<. P"B$ <B.% =<%%<)"
In$ee$ 2n Dono5o #" D24tr27t Co*rt <./ Ne#" <.B' /&B P"B$ '(< =<%%B) a 7a4e $2re7t3;
ana3o9o*4 to t524 7a4e :e 5e3$ t5at t5e 73er> of t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt #2o3ate$ t5e r295t4 of an 2n$29ent
+art; :5en 45e ne93e7te$ to f23e a ,ot2on for 3ea#e to +ro7ee$ 2n for,a +a*+er24 an$ a ,ot2on for
re32ef fro, a $efa*3t E*$9,ent" S+e72f27a33; :e 4tate$: HITJ5e 73er> Iof t5e $24tr27t 7o*rtJ 5a$ an
a64o3*te $*t; to f23e t5e ,ot2on for 3ea#e to +ro7ee$ 2n for,a +a*+er24 an$ to 73ear3; 4ta,+ t5e $ate of
re7e2+t of t5e ot5er $o7*,ent4 on t5e $o7*,ent4" F*rt5er t5e 73er> 5a$ a $*t; to >ee+ an a77*rate
re7or$ of t5e 7a4e +en$2n9 6efore t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt"H I$" at <.B% /&B P"B$ at '(( =72tat2on o,2tte$K
e,+5a424 a$$e$)" T5*4 +et2t2oner04 a++327at2on for 3ea#e to +ro7ee$ 2n for,a +a*+er24 ,*4t 6e f23e$"
If on 4*64e8*ent re#2e: of t5e a++327at2on t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt $eter,2ne4 t5at +et2t2oner 5a4 not 45o:n
5e 24 2n$29ent t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt ,a; or$er +et2t2oner to +ro#2$e f*rt5er 2nfor,at2on or ,a; $en; t5e
a++327at2on 2n an a++ro+r2ate3; f23e$ :r2tten or$er" If on t5e ot5er 5an$ t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt 9rant4 t5e
a++327at2on t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt ,*4t t5en +ro7ee$ to re8*2re t5e f232n9 of +et2t2oner04 ot5er $o7*,ent4
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01015
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an$ to 7on42$er t5e, 2n $*e 7o*r4e" Dono5o <./ Ne#" at <.(. /&B P"B$ at '((" Of 7o*r4e for 4tat*te
of 32,2tat2on4 +*r+o4e4 t5e 7o,+3a2nt :o*3$ 5a#e to 6e 7on42$ere$ f23e$ on t5e $ate of a7t*a3 re7e2+t
6; t5e 73er> of t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt" To 7ont2n*e t5e ana3;424 :2t5 re4+e7t to +et2t2oner04 72#23 7o,+3a2nt
:5275 5e 24 atte,+t2n9 to f23e 7on7*rrent3; t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt 73er> 5a$ an a64o3*te o6329at2on to 4ta,+
t5e $o7*,ent Hre7e2#e$H an$ to re7or$ t5e $ate on :5275 t5e $o7*,ent :a4 2n fa7t re7e2#e$ at t5e
7o*rt5o*4e" See H*e6ner #" State <.' Ne#" (B/ /<. P"B$ <B.% =<%%<)" T524 t5e 73er> of t5e $24tr27t
7o*rt $2$" Ho:e#er t5e 73er> t5en 5a$ a $*t; to ,a2nta2n a 7o+; of t5e re7e2#e$ $o7*,ent 2n t5e
re7or$ of t5e 7a4e :5et5er or not t5e $o7*,ent 24 e#er f23e$" 152t,an #" 152t,an <./ Ne#" %&%
/&. P"B$ <B(B =<%%B)"
T524 t5e 73er> ne93e7te$ to $o" 1523e H*e6ner $ea3t :2t5 t5e t2,e32ne44 of a not27e of a++ea3
t5e rat2ona3e 7o,+e332n9 t524 7o*rt04 r*32n9 2n H*e6ner t5at a33 $o7*,ent4 ,*4t 6e ,ar>e$ re7e2#e$
an$ $ate$ a++32e4 :2t5 e8*a3 for7e to a +art;04 4*6,2442on of a 7o,+3a2nt" HT5e 3e9a3 r295t4 of t5e
+art2e4 to 32t29at2on :5et5er a7t2n9 2n +ro+er +er4on or t5ro*95 7o*n4e3 often t*rn on t5e $ate of
re7e2+t 6; t5e 73er> of t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt of $o7*,ent4 an$ +3ea$2n94"H H*e6ner <.' Ne#" at ((. /<.
P"B$ at <B<<" A3t5o*95 t5e 73er> of t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt 4ta,+e$ t5e not27e of a++ea3 Hre7e2#e$H on
De7e,6er (. <%%< t5e 73er> $2$ not f23e t5e not27e of a++ea3" In4tea$ t5e 73er> of t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt
ret*rne$ a++e33ant04 not27e of a++ea3 to a++e33ant 6e7a*4e 2t :a4 not a77o,+an2e$ 6; a f232n9 fee an$
a3t5o*95 t5e not27e :a4 a77o,+an2e$ 6; a ,ot2on for 3ea#e to +ro7ee$ on a++ea3 2n for,a +a*+er24
a++e33ant04 aff2$a#2t 2n 4*++ort of t5at ,ot2on :a4 a++arent3; not 429ne$" Con4e8*ent3; t5ere 24 no
re7or$ of t5e 4*6,2442on of a++e33ant04 t2,e3; not27e of a++ea3" 1e note t5at t5e 73er> of t5e $24tr27t
7o*rt f23e$ a++e33ant04 ,ot2on for 3ea#e to +ro7ee$ on a++ea3 2n for,a +a*+er24 on t5e $ate of re7e2+t
De7e,6er (. <%%< an$ t5at t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt e#ent*a33; 9rante$ t5at ,ot2on" 1e 5a#e +re#2o*43;
4tate$ t5at H2t 24 eDtre,e3; 2,+ortant t5at t5e 73er> of t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt >ee+ an a77*rate re7or$ of t5e
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$ate of re7e2+t of e#er; $o7*,ent 4*6,2tte$ to t5e 73er> re9ar$3e44 of :5et5er t5e $o7*,ent 24 2n t5e
a++ro+r2ate for," In$ee$ 2t 24 a 9ro44 $ere327t2on of $*t; for t5e 73er> of t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt to ne93e7t
t524 ,2n24ter2a3 $*t;"H H*e6ner #" State <.' Ne#" (B/ ((. /<. P"B$ <B.% <B<< =<%%<) =footnote
o,2tte$)" In t524 7a4e t5e 73er> of t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt 5a4 fa23e$ to >ee+ an; re7or$ of t5e $ate of re7e2+t
of a++e33ant04 not27e of a++ea3K 2n4tea$ t5e 73er> 4ta,+e$ t5e $o7*,ent Hre7e2#e$H an$ ret*rne$ 2t to
a++e33ant" T5e 73er> of t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt 5a$ no a*t5or2t; to ta>e 4*75 a7t2on"
A3t5o*95 t5e 73er> of t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt 5a$ no $*t; to f23e a++e33ant04 not27e of a++ea3 6efore
a++e33ant +a2$ t5e re8*242te f232n9 fee or :a4 re32e#e$ of t5e $*t; to +a; t5e f232n9 fee 6; or$er of t5e
$24tr27t 7o*rt 4ee NRS <%".<(=B) t5e 73er> 5a$ a $*t; to re7e2#e t5e $o7*,ent an$ to >ee+ an
a77*rate re7or$ of t5e 7a4e +en$2n9 6efore t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt" Part27*3ar3; 2n t524 7a4e 2t :a4 e44ent2a3
t5at t5e not27e of a++ea3 6e reta2ne$ 2n t5e re7or$ 6e7a*4e :e 5a#e 5e3$ t5at a not27e of a++ea3 24
effe7t2#e on t5e $ate of re7e2+t 6; t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt 73er>" See H*e6ner #" State I<./ Ne#" %@BJ <.'
Ne#" (B/ /<. P"B$ <B.% =<%%<)" Rat5er t5an ret*rn2n9 t5e not27e of a++ea3 to a++e33ant t5e 73er> of
t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt 45o*3$ 5a#e reta2ne$ t5e not27e of a++ea3 2n t5e re7or$ an$ 45o*3$ 5a#e 2nfor,e$
a++e33ant 6; 3etter of an; +er7e2#e$ $ef272en72e4 2n t5e $o7*,ent" & A++e33ant 7o*3$ t5en 5a#e ta>en
:5ate#er a7t2on :a4 a++ro+r2ate to +*r4*e 524 a++ea3" In 3295t of t5e fore9o2n9 :e 7on73*$e t5at
a++e33ant t2,e3; 4*6,2tte$ to t5e 73er> of t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt a not27e of a++ea3 fro, an a++ea3a63e or$er
of t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt an$ t5at a++e33ant04 t2,e3; not27e of a++ea3 24 not 7onta2ne$ 2n t5e re7or$ $*e to
t5e 2na++ro+r2ate a7t2on of t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt 73er>" A77or$2n93; :e 9rant a++e33ant04 +et2t2on for
re5ear2n9 an$ :e +ro7ee$ to a$$re44 t5e ,er2t4 of t524 a++ea3"G I$" At <B(BA<B(&" See a34o Barne4 #"
E295t5 C*$272a3 D24t" Co*rt of State of Ne#" In an$ For C3ar> Co*nt; '&/ P"B$ &/( <.( Ne#" -'%
=Ne#" <%/')"G Footnote ( 2n In Re Noe3 Ga9e 4ee,4 to 4*99e4t =an$ t5at 24 an *n+*63245e$ o+2n2on
an$ 4o 5o+ef*33; 2t 24 not a #2o3at2on to ,ent2on 2t 5ear rat5er t5an F72teG to 2t *n$er SCR <B(""") an
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01017

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O++o42t2on ,a; 6e a33o:a63e" It :o*3$ 6e n27e to 9et a 75an7e to 92#e ,; 42$e 6efore <. $2fferent
ne:4 o*t3et4 te33 t5e ta:$r; ta3e of t5e attorne; :5o allegedly 45o+32fte$ a 7an$; 6ar an$ 4o,e 7o*95
$ro+4" None of t5e, 7a33e$ ,e for a 8*ote" Ne:4+a+er4 an$ te3e#242on o*t3et4 aren0t t5e on3; one4
:2t5 a #o27e an;,ore t5o*95: 5tt+:??:::";o*t*6e"7o,?:at75M#NVGC5f/3(eKo
B" In t5e tr2a3 7o*rt ,atter 2n Reno M*n27+a3 Co*rt 1a3AMart a44o72ate T5o,a4 Front2no
te4t2f2e$ t5at t5e a77*4e$ ate t5e 75o7o3ate 6ar =an$ t5at +er4ona33; e;e:2tne44e$ Co*9532n ta>e 2t off
t5e 45e3f 2n t5e 7an$; 243e) :523e t5e a77*4e$ :a4 45o++2n9 for an$ +a2$ for O/("/B of ot5er 4*n$r2e4"
Ho:e#er t5e UPC of t5e 75o7o3ate 6ar fro, t5e re7e2+t 2n 8*e4t2on 45o:4 2t :a4 an 27e 7rea, 6ar
,ean2n9 2t :o*3$n0t 5a#e 6een 2n t5e 7an$; 243e 6*t rat5er t5e refr29erate$?froLen foo$ 243e" T5*4
t5e 6e;on$ a rea4ona63e $o*6t 4tan$ar$ a++327a63e to t5at 7r2,2na3 7a4e a++ear4 not to 5a#e 6een ,et
:5ere a,aL2n93; t5e ,*3t2,2332on $o33ar e4ta63245,ent 1a3AMart :2t5 32tera33; 5*n$re$4 of
7a,era4 +3a7e$ 4trate927a33; t5ro*95o*t t5e 4tore 73a2,e$ 2n t5e tr2a3 7o*rt t5at no #2$eo foota9e
eD24t4 or e#er eD24te$ of an; of t5e e#ent4 te4t2f2e$ to at tr2a3 6e;on$ t5e B #2$eo4 +ro+o*n$e$ of t5e
2ntera7t2on4 6et:een t5e a77*4e$ an$ 1a3AMart 3o44 +re#ent2on 4taff an$ Reno S+ar>4 In$2an Co3on;
+o327e 2n a @ 6; / 6; <B 2nterro9at2on roo, *t232Le$ 6; 1a3AMart" O$$3; t5e #2$eo fro, t5e
2nterro9at2on roo, 45o: t5e RSIC Off27er4 6e2n9 5an$e$ a CD or DVD 6; t5e 1a3AMart 3o44
+re#ent2on a44o72ate *+on t5e2r eD2t2n9 t5e 2nterro9at2on roo," So t5e on3; e#2$en7e 6e2n9 t5e
a33e9e$ e;e :2tne44 te4t2,on; of t5e 1a3AMart 3o44 +re#ent2on a44o72ate 524 7re$26232t; *n$er,2ne$
6; t5e fa7t t5at 5e te4t2f2e$ *n$er oat5 t5at 5e +er4ona33; 4a: t5e a77*4e$ 4e3e7t t5e 75o7o3ate 6ar
fro, t5e 7an$; 243e t5en 7on4*,e 2t :523e :a3>2n9 t5ro*95o*t t5e 4tore 45o++2n9" A9a2n t5e UPC
fro, t5e :ra++er of t5e 75o7o3ate 6ar 2te, a33e9e$3; 4to3en 73ear3; re#ea34 t5at t5e UPC 6e3on94 to a
refr29erate$ 2te, an 27e 7rea, 6ar t5erefore *n$er,2n2n9 t5e 1a3AMart a44o72ate4 73a2, to 5a#e
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01018

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:2tne44e$ t5e a77*4e$ 4e3e7t 2t fro, t5e 45e3f 2n t5e 7an$; 243e :5275 24 not refr29erate$" See ED5262t
<"
(" F*rt5er t5e on3; ot5er +2e7e of a33e9e$3; 2n7r2,2nat2n9 e#2$en7e :a4 t5e fr*2t of an
2,+er,244263e 4ear75" RSIC Off27er Ka,eron Cra:for$ te4t2f2e$ t5at 5e on3; ,a$e an arre4t an$
t5erefore 7on$*7te$ a 4ear75 2n72$ent to arre4t 2n 3295t of t5e a77*4e$04 a33e9e$ ref*4a3 to +ro#2$e 524
$r2#er04 327en4e" Ho:e#er t5e t:o #2$eo4 of t5e $etent2on an$ 4ear75 2n t5e 1a3AMart 2nterro9at2on
roo, 73ear3; re#ea3 t5e a77*4e$ +ro#2$2n9 t5at 4a,e RSIC off27er 524 $r2#er04 327en4e an$ t5e Off27er
ra$2o2n9 2n t5e $r2#er04 327en4e n*,6er to r*n a ro*t2ne 75e7> an$ t5e arre4t re+ort 73ear3; 7onta2n4 t5e
$r2#er04 327en4e n*,6er of t5e a77*4e$ an$ ot5er 2nfor,at2on 7*33e$ fro, t5e RSIC off27er04 re#2e: of
t5e $r2#er04 327en4e" F*rt5er t5e +art2a3 7ontent4 of a 7o*95 ,e3t +a7>a9e :a4 fo*n$ 2n t5e a77*4e$
+o7>et4" Ho:e#er t5e re7e2+t for t5e O/("/B :ort5 of 9ro7er2e4 an$ 4*n$r2e4 t5e a77*4e$ +*r75a4e$
2,,e$2ate3; +r2or to t5e arre4t 6are4 an$entr; :2t5 t5e eDa7t 4a,e UPC of t5e 7o*95 ,e3t4 fo*n$ 2n
t5e a77*4e$04 +o7>et"
&" T5en t5e 1a3AMart :2tne44 a$,2tte$ *n$er oat5 :523e te4t2f;2n9 t5at 5e 7o*3$ not 5ear :5et5er
or not t5e a77*4e$ to3$ t5e 7a452er r2n92n9 *+ t5e 4o,e O/("/B :ort5 of 2te,4 +*r75a4e$ :5et5er t5e
a77*4e$ 5a$ or 5a$ 7on4*,e$ a 7erta2n a 8*ant2t; of t5e D*ra7t Co*95 Me3t4 :523e 45o++2n9" T5e
1a3AMart 3o44 +re#ent2on a44o72ate f*rt5er te4t2f2e$ t5at 2t :a4 a 7o,,on an$ a77e+te$ +ra7t27e at
1a3AMart for 45o++er4 to 2nfor, 7a452er4 of t5e n*,6er or 8*ant2t; of a 7erta2n 2te, t5e; :ere
+*r75a42n9 rat5er t5an 5a#e t5e 7a452er r2n9 *+ ea75 of t5e $*+327at2#e 2te,4 one 6; one" F*rt5er t5e
1a3AMart an$ In$2an Co3on; Off27er te4t2f2e$ t5at on t5e re7e2+t for t5e 2te,4 t5e a77*4e$ $2$ +a; for
t5e UPC of t5e t;+e of 7o*95 ,e$27at2on ,e3t4 t5e; 4a; t5e a77*4e$ 4to3e $2$ not a++ear 5o:e#er a
re#2e: of t5at re7e2+t 73ear3; 45o:4 t5at t5at UPC for 7o*95 ,e3t4 24 an entr; on t5at re7e2+t" A34o
a,aL2n93; t5e 1a3AMart 3o44 +re#ent2on a44o72ate te4t2f2e$ t5at 5e 7o*3$ 93ean fro, (. ;ar$4 a:a;
- %?%@ -
01019
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ea75 an$ e#er; 2te, t5e 7a452er r*n9 *+ for ,e an$ t5at t5o4e 2te,4 $2$ not 2n73*$e 4*75 a 6oD of t5e
7o*95 ,e$27at2on ,e3t4" Ho:e#er t5e a77*4e$ 45o:e$ 2n 7o*rt an$ 2n eD5262t4 t5at t5e re7e2+t for t5e
2te,4 t5e a77*4e$ +*r75a4e$ $2$ 5a#e one 2te, :2t5 t5e 4a,e UPC a4 t5e eDa7t t;+e of 7o*95
,e$27at2on ,e3t4" So t5e 1a3AMart 3o44 +re#ent2on a44o72ate a$,2tte$ ne2t5er 5e nor an;one at 1a3A
Mart 7o*3$ 4a; t5at t5e; 7o*3$ 5ear :5et5er t5e a77*4e$ to3$ t5e 7a452er a 8*ant2t; to r2n9 *+ for t5e
7o*95 ,e$27at2on ,e3t 6oD :2t5 t5e 4a,e UPC a4 t5e one4 1a3AMart a33e9e4 :ere 4to3en or
7on4*,e$ :523e 45o++2n9"""" F*rt5er t5e In$2an Co3on; Off27er te4t2f2e$ t5at 5e on3; arre4te$ t5e
a77*4e$ an$ 7on$*7te$ a 4ear75 2n72$ent to arre4t 6e7a*4e t5e a77*4e$ $2$n0t +ro#2$e t5e a77*4e$04
$r2#er04 327en4e to 52," Ho:e#er t5e #2$eo of t5e 1a3AMart 2nterro9at2on roo, 2nter#2e: 73ear3;
45o:4 t5e a77*4e$ 92#2n9 t5e off27er t5e a77*4e$04 $r2#er04 327en4e an$ 52, ra$2o2n9 2t 2n to 524
$24+at75 an$ 52, ta>2n9 $o:n t5e $r2#er04 327en4e n*,6er an$ ot5er 2nfor,at2on off of 2t"
@" La4t3; t5e *n$er429ne$ re+orte$ t5e 7on#27t2on 2n t5e tr2a3 7o*rt :523e an a++ea3 :a4
+en$2n9 2n D24tr27t Co*rt to Bar Co*n4e3" T5e *n$er429ne$ re+orte$ t5e 7on#27t2on to Bar Co*n4e3 on
524 o:n an$ a4 far a4 t5e *n$er429ne$ >ne: at t5e t2,e +r2or to Bar Co*n4e3 6e2n9 a:are of t5e
7on#27t2on" F*rt5er $e+en$2n9 *+on 5o: t5e 3en9t5 of t2,e 6et:een t5e ren$2t2on or not27e of entr;
of t5e 7on#27t2on an$ :5en t5e *n$er429ne$ re+orte$ t5e 7on#27t2on to Bar Co*n4e3 24 ,ea4*re t5e
*n$er429ne$ ar9*a63; t2,e3; 7o,+32e$ :2t5 t5e F:2t52n (. $a;4G $27tate of SCR <<< =on3; 2ntro$*7e$
2n B..' an$ +er5a+4 4o,e:5at $2ff27*3t to f2n$ 92#en t5at t5e R*3e4 of Profe442ona3 Con$*7t ,295t
4ee, a ,ore a+t +3a7e to 3oo> for 4*75 a re+ort2n9 re8*2re,ent""") an$ 2f not t5en t5e *n$er429ne$
:a4 on3; a fe: $a;4 6e;on$ t5e F:2t52n (. $a;4G re8*2re,ent a33 :523e f232n9 an a++ea3 an$ 32t29at2n9
a 7ontent2o*4 4*,,ar; e#27t2on fro, t5e *n$er429ne$ for,er 5o,e 3a: off27e"
-" At Tr2a3 at B:@B:B@ +, 2n t5e a*$2o tran47r2+t 4*6,2tte$ 2nto e#2$en7e 6; Co*9532n 2n t5e
Re7or$ on A++ea3 =ROA) 2n t5e for, of a 7$ of t5e a*$2o re7or$2n9 Front2no te4t2f2e$ *n$er oat5 a4
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01020
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fo33o:4 :2t5 re9ar$ to :5at 5e an$ Co*9532n $247*44e$ *+on Front2no 2n4tr*7t2n9 Co*9532n to 9o :2t5
52, 6a7> to t5e a44et +rote7t2on 2nterro9at2on roo,:
C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: 15at 4+e72f27 2nfor,at2on $2$ ;o* a4> of Mr" Co*9532nM
T5o,a4 Front2no: I$ent2f27at2on 524 na,e 62rt5 $ate 4o72a3 4e7*r2t; n*,6er"
C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: An$ $2$ 5e +ro#2$e an; of t5at 2nfor,at2on to ;o*M
T5o,a4 Front2no: No 5e $2$ not"
C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: Ba4e$ *+on 524 *n:2332n9ne44 to +ro#2$e t5at 2nfor,at2on $2$ ;o* ta>e
an; f*rt5er a7t2onM
T5o,a4 Front2no: Ye4 :e 7a33e$ t5e +o327e t5e Reno S+ar>4 In$2an Co3on; Tr26a3 Po327e
De+art,ent" T5e; *4*a33; arr2#e :2t52n ten ,2n*te4 I 6e32e#e ,; 4tate,ent ref3e7t4 2t :a4 3e44 t5an
t5at"
Ho:e#er 2t :a4 not 3on9 6efore Front2no 7ontra$27te$ t5at te4t2,on; 6e7o,2n9
*n7o,forta63e :2t5 Co*9532n04 32ne of 8*e4t2on2n9"
'" Here 24 an atte,+t at ,a>2n9 a tran47r2+t 42n7e t5e RMC 75o4e not to +re+are one an$ for:ar$ 2t
on to t5e D24tr27t Co*rt 2n t5e A++ea3 =CR<<AB.-&) a4 re8*2re$ *n$er Ne#a$a 3a: :2t52n <. $a;4 of
t5e f232n9 of a not27e of a++ea3" C*$9e E332ot ,ana9e$ to eD7*4e t5at 6; 72t2n9 to a 72#23 4tat*te 6*t 5e
a34o a++32e$ NRCP -=e) for t5e 7o,+*tat2on of t2,e 2n a 7r2,2na3 a++ea3 for t5e +*r+o4e4 of
7a37*3at2n9 t5e $ea$32ne to f23e a not27e of a++ea3 4o 2t :a4 >2n$ of a :a45"
LEGAL ARGUMENT
NRS 171.1255 Arrest by off!er or age"t of #$rea$ of %"da" Affars or &ol!e off!er
e'&loyed by %"da" trbe.
<" ED7e+t a4 ot5er:24e +ro#2$e$ 2n 4*64e7t2on B an off27er or a9ent of t5e B*rea* of In$2an
Affa2r4 or a +er4on e,+3o;e$ a4 a +o327e off27er 6; an In$2an tr26e ,a; ,a>e an arre4t 2n o6e$2en7e
to a :arrant $e32#ere$ to 52, or 5er or ,a; :2t5o*t a :arrant arre4t a +er4on:
=a) For a +*6327 offen4e 7o,,2tte$ or atte,+te$ 2n t5e off27er or a9entP4 +re4en7e"
=6) 15en a +er4on arre4te$ 5a4 7o,,2tte$ a fe3on; or 9ro44 ,24$e,eanor a3t5o*95 not 2n t5e
off27er or a9entP4 +re4en7e"
=7) 15en a fe3on; or 9ro44 ,24$e,eanor 5a4 2n fa7t 6een 7o,,2tte$ an$ t5e off27er or a9ent 5a4
rea4ona63e 7a*4e for 6e32e#2n9 t5e +er4on arre4te$ to 5a#e 7o,,2tte$ 2t"
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01021
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=$) On a 75ar9e ,a$e *+on a rea4ona63e 7a*4e of t5e 7o,,2442on of a fe3on; or 9ro44
,24$e,eanor 6; t5e +er4on arre4te$"
=e) 15en a :arrant 5a4 2n fa7t 6een 244*e$ 2n t524 State for t5e arre4t of a na,e$ or $e47r26e$
+er4on for a +*6327 offen4e an$ t5e off27er or a9ent 5a4 rea4ona63e 7a*4e to 6e32e#e t5at t5e +er4on
arre4te$ 24 t5e +er4on 4o na,e$ or $e47r26e$"
=f) 15en t5e +ea7e off27er 5a4 +ro6a63e 7a*4e to 6e32e#e t5at t5e +er4on to 6e arre4te$ 5a4
7o,,2tte$ a 6atter; *+on t5at +er4onP4 4+o*4e an$ t5e +ea7e off27er f2n$4 e#2$en7e of 6o$23; 5ar,
to t5e 4+o*4e"
B" S*75 an off27er or a9ent ,a; ,a>e an arre4t +*r4*ant to 4*64e7t2on < on3;:
=a) 12t52n t5e 6o*n$ar2e4 of an In$2an re4er#at2on or In$2an 7o3on; for an offen4e 7o,,2tte$ on
t5at re4er#at2on or 7o3on;K or
=6) O*t42$e t5e 6o*n$ar2e4 of an In$2an re4er#at2on or In$2an 7o3on; 2f t5e off27er or a9ent 24 2n
fre45 +*r4*2t of a +er4on :5o 24 rea4ona63; 6e32e#e$ 6; t5e off27er or a9ent to 5a#e 7o,,2tte$ a
fe3on; :2t52n t5e 6o*n$ar2e4 of t5e re4er#at2on or 7o3on; or 5a4 7o,,2tte$ or atte,+te$ to 7o,,2t
an; 7r2,2na3 offen4e :2t52n t5o4e 6o*n$ar2e4 2n t5e +re4en7e of t5e off27er or a9ent"
Q For t5e +*r+o4e4 of t524 4*64e7t2on Ffre45 +*r4*2tG 5a4 t5e ,ean2n9 a47r26e$ to 2t 2n NRS
<'<"<@-"
NRS <'<"<(- 15en arre4t ,a; 6e ,a$e:"""
B" If 2t 24 a ,24$e,eanor t5e arre4t 7annot 6e ,a$e 6et:een t5e 5o*r4 of ' +"," an$ ' a","
eD7e+t:
=6) 15en t5e offen4e 24 7o,,2tte$ 2n t5e +re4en7e of t5e arre4t2n9 off27erK
=7) 15en t5e +er4on 24 fo*n$ an$ t5e arre4t 24 ,a$e 2n a +*6327 +3a7e or a +3a7e t5at 24 o+en to t5e
+*6327 an$:
=<) T5ere 24 a :arrant of arre4t a9a2n4t t5e +er4onK an$
=B) T5e ,24$e,eanor 24 $247o#ere$ 6e7a*4e t5ere :a4 +ro6a63e 7a*4e for t5e arre4t2n9 off27er
to 4to+ $eta2n or arre4t t5e +er4on for anot5er a33e9e$ #2o3at2on or offen4eK
=$) 15en t5e offen4e 24 7o,,2tte$ 2n t5e +re4en7e of a +r2#ate +er4on an$ t5e +er4on ,a>e4 an
arre4t 2,,e$2ate3; after t5e offen4e 24 7o,,2tte$K
Se7" /"<.".&." A Pet2t 3ar7en;"
FIt 24 *n3a:f*3 for an; +er4on to ta>e or 7arr; a:a; t5e +ro+ert; of anot5er :2t5 t5e 2ntent to
$e+r2#e t5e o:ner of 524 +ro+ert; t5ere2n 2n an; #a3*e 3e44 t5an OB@.".. an$ for 524 7on#27t2on
t5erefor 5e 45a33 6e f2ne$ 2n an a,o*nt not ,ore t5an O<...".. an$?or 6e 2n7ar7erate$ not ,ore
t5an 42D ,ont54" In a$$2t2on to an; ot5er +ena3t; t5e 7o*rt 45a33 or$er t5e +er4on to +a; re4t2t*t2on"G
T5e arre4t 2n t524 ,atter fa234 on e#er; e3e,ent of NRS <'<"<B-=B)=6)A=$)" F*rt5er :523e 2t
24 8*2te 8*e4t2ona63e to 2nfer e#2$en7e of 9*23t 6a4e$ *+on t5e fr*2t of an 2,+er,2442363e 4ear75 of
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01022
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Co*9532n04 +o7>et4 =:5275 a33e9e$3; re#ea3e$ one 5a3f of t5e 7ontent4 of one +a7>a9e of D*ra7t
Co*95 Me3t4 =- ,e3t4 2n a fo23 45eet) e4+e72a33; :5ere Co*9532n 5a$ E*4t +a2$ for =an$ t5e re7e2+t
for O/("/B 7onf2r,4 t524) a +a7>a9e of t5e eDa7t +ro$*7t a33e9e$3; 7on4*,e$ t5e D*ra7t Co*95
Me3t4 =UPC .'(BB<-(..%()" T524 24 +art27*3ar3; tr*e :5ere t5ere :a4 not e#2$en7e 2n t5e re7or$ or
te4t2,on; offere$ t5at t5e 7ontent4 of Co*9532n04 45o++2n9 6a9 fro, t5e O/("/B :ort5 of 2te,4 +a2$
for $2$ or $2$ not 2n73*$e an o+ene$ an$ or 5a3f f*33 +a7>a9e of t5o4e #er; D*ra7t Co*95 Me3t4)"
To t5e eDtent t5at RMC C*$9e Ho:ar$ ref*4e$ to 3et Co*9532n te4t2f; on 524 o:n 6e5a3f at tr2a3
4*75 an *tter +a*72t; of e#2$en7e to 4*++ort t5e a33e9at2on4 7o,62ne$ :2t5 t5e ,;r2a$ 2n4tan7e4
:5ere t5e te4t2,on; of 1a3AMart04 Front2no an$ t5at of RSIC Po327e Off27er4 Cra:for$ an$
Bra*n:ort5 24 +art27*3ar3; tro*632n9 e4+e72a33; to t5e eDtent t5at t5e C2t; of Reno an$ t5e Reno
M*n272+a3 Co*rt ar9*a63; 5a#e a #e4te$ 2ntere4t 2n 32,2t2n9 t5e 7o4t4 a44o72ate$ :2t5 +ro#2$2n9
$efen4e 7o*n4e3 to 2n$29ent +art2e4 =Co*9532n :a4 $en2e$ 524 S2Dt5 A,en$,ent R295t to Co*n4e3
*n$er Ar9er42n9er :5ere a4 5ere even the possibility of Ea23 t2,e eD24t4A an$ Co*9532n 4er#e$ (
$a;4 2n Ea23 2n 7onne7t2on :2t5 t524 tr2a3 7o*rt ,atter C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: Ar9er42n9er #"
Ha,32n &.' U"S" B@ =<%'B)) an$ 7o33e7t2n9 t5e f2ne4 a44o72ate$ :2t5 7on#27t2on4" T524 f2r4t offen4e
a33e9at2on of 45o+32ft2n9 for 4o,e O<&".. of ,er75an$24e re4*3te$ 2n a O&.. f2ne an$ ( $a;4 2n Ea23
a33 :2t5 no S2Dt5 A,en$,ent $efen4e 7o*n4e3 7o4t4 atten$ant to t5e +ro4e7*t2on"
It :o*3$ 6e fa34e to 4a; t5e 1a3AMart 3o44 +re#ent2on a44o72ate T5o,a4 Front2no ,a$e an
arre4t 52,4e3f an$ e4+e72a33; $*62o*4 to a44ert t5at Front2o ,et t5e re8*2re,ent of " T5ere :a4 no
a33e9at2on of t5at at t5e tr2a3" T5e RSIC Off27er4 Cra:for$ an$ Bra*n4:ort5 ,a$e t5e arre4t a4
4*75 NRS <'<"<B- 24 2na++327a63e" E#en 2f 2t :ere a++327a63e 1a3AMart04 Front2no04 te4t2,on; :a4
4o r2fe :2t5 *n4*++orte$ 7ontra$27tor; an$ $24en9eno*4 4tate,ent4 a4 to #2t2ate an; 4*++ort for
an; a33e9at2on t5at Front2no :a4 ent2t3e$ to arre4t Co*9532n *n$er NRS <'<"<B-=<) for Fa +*6327
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01023

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offen4e 7o,,2tte$ or atte,+te$ 2n t5e +er4on04 +re4en7eG"=5e F+er4ona33; :2tne44e$G Co*9532n ta>e
a refrigerated ice cream bar off t5e 45e3f 2n t5e 7an$; 243e an$ 7on4*,e 2t :a4 45o++2n9 for ot5er
2te,4M Front2no 7o*3$ 4ee =5e a$,2tte$ 5e 7o*3$ not 5ear :5at :a4 4a2$ 6et:een Co*9532n an$ t5e
1a3AMart 7a452er :5o, 1a3AMart fe29ne$ an 2na6232t; to 3o7ate or $eter,2ne t5e 2$ent2f; of) every
item rung up by the cashier and off the top of his head know that none of those items bore a UPC
with the same number as the Duract Cough Melts Frontino alleged Coughlin consumed while
shopping?...F*rt5er Front2no04 te4t2,on; a6o*t 5o: 5e F+er4ona33; :2tne44e$ Co*9532n 7on4*,e
t5e 7o*95 $ro+4 :523e 45o++2n9G 24 2n7on424tent :2t5 524 te4t2,on; t5at 1a3AMart +o327; $2$ not
+er,2t Front2no to fo33o: Co*9532n 2nto t5e re4troo, at 1a3AMart an$ t5at t5erefore Front2no 3a7>
a 6a424 for ,a>2n9 f*rt5er atte,+t4 to 2n#e4t29ate an; 4*4+272on 5e 5a$ :2t5 re4+e7t to t5e D*ra7t
Co*95 Me3t4 t5erefore 3ea#2n9 1a3AMart an$ Front2no to 52n9e t5e2r 5o+e4 of 3e#era92n9 t5e RSIC
Po327e to 7on$*7t an *n3a:f*3 4ear75 of Co*9532n" To t5e eDtent t5at Front2no a$,2tte$ ne2t5er 5e
or an;one 1a3AMart ,a; 5a#e 4o*95t to te4t2f; at tr2a3 7o*3$ 5ear :5at :a4 4a2$ 6et:een Co*9532n
an$ t5e 7a452er Front2no04 #anta9e +o2nt $oe4 not ,eet t5e F2n t5e +er4on04 +re4en7eG 4tan$ar$
re8*2re$ 6; NRS <'<"<B-=<) t5o*95 Front2no 4t233 429ne$ t5e Cr2,2na3 Co,+3a2nt 4:ear2n9 t5at 5e
5a$ 4*75 a 6a424 for ,a>2n9 524 a33e9at2on4"
NRS <'<"<B-=<) : F Arre4t 6; +r2#ate +er4on" A +r2#ate +er4on ,a; arre4t anot5eC2t; Attorne; Pa,
Ro6ert4: <" For a +*6327 offen4e 7o,,2tte$ or atte,+te$ 2n t5e +er4onP4 +re4en7e"G
RSIC Off27er Cra:for$04 :r2tten re+ort $e,on4trate4 a +rofo*n$ 3a7> of a++re72at2on for t5e
+ro6a63e 7a*4e re8*2re,ent :523e at t5e 4a,e t2,e $24+3a;2n9 a 7*nn2n9 an$ 7raft; a++roa75 to
4+2nn2n9 t5e neD*4 6et:een +ro6a63e 7a*4e $eta2n2n9 a 4*4+e7t4 72t2Len04 arre4t fo*rt5 a,en$,ent
eD7e+t2on4 an$ NRS <'<"<B(" In 524 :r2tten re+ort =2n73*$e$ 2n t5e atta75e$ ED5262t B a
7o33e7t2on of t5e $247o#er; +ro+o*n$e$ 6; t5e C2t; of Reno f2na33; :e33 o#er one ,ont5 after t5e
- <&?%@ -
01024
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arre4t an$ after Co*9532n 5a$ ,a$e n*,ero*4 atte,+t4 to 9et a 7o+; of 4*75 ,ater2a34 fro, an$ 2n
+er4on an$ 6; :r2t2n9 t5e RSIC Po327e for7e =,eet2n9 :2t5 Sar9ent A#an42no an$ 6e2n9 ref*4e$
4*75 $o7*,entat2on) t5e Reno M*n272+a3 Co*rt t5e C2t; of Reno C2t; Attorne;04 Off27eAon
a++roD2,ate3; Se+te,6er <@
t5
B.<< Co*9532n 4+o>e :2t5 De+*t; C2t; Attorne; C5r24to+5er
HaL3ettASte#en4 an$ 2n8*2re$ a4 to t5e a#a23a6232t; of 4*75 :2tne44 4tate,ent4 +o327e re+ort4 or an;
ot5er ,ater2a34 fro, 1a3AMart t5e RSIC or an;one e34e an$ :a4 to3$ 6; HaL3ettASte#en4 t5at t5e
C2t; Attorne;04 Off27e 5a$ not an$ :o*3$ not re7e2#e 4*75 ,ater2a34 *nt23 after t5e arra29n,ent 2n
t524 ,atter :5275 :a4 4et for 4o,e (. $a;4 after t5e arre4t =Se+te,6er %
t5
B.<< to O7to6er <.
t5

B.<B)"""Co*9532n +3ea$e$ :2t5 HaL3ettASte#en4 to E*4t F$o*63e 75e7>G an$ a4> e#er;one e34e 2n t5e
off27e 2f an; 4*75 $247o#er; or $o7*,entat2on 5a$ 6een +ro#2$e$ to t5e C2t; Attorne;04 Off27e an$
HaL3ettASte#en4 2n$27ate$ 5e :o*3$ an$ t5ereafter 7onf2r,e$ to Co*9532n t5at no 4*75 2te,4 5a$
6een re7e2#e$ an$ f*rt5er t5at Co*9532n 5a$ not r295t to t5e, +r2or to t5e arra29n,ent 2n an;
e#ent e2t5er fro, t5e C2t; Attorne;04 Off27e t5e RMC or t5e RSIC Po327e De+art,ent" Ho:e#er
t5e faD 5ea$er4 an$ $ate4 on t5e $247o#er; 3ater +ro#2$e$ 6; t5e C2t; Attorne;04 Off27e 7erta2n3;
4ee,4 to 2n$27ate t5at 4*75 ,ater2a34 :ere faDe$ to t5e C2t; Attorne;04 Off27e 6; t5e RSIC Po327e
De+art,ent on Se+te,6er <(
t5
B.<< 5o:e#er t5e +a9e n*,6er4 an$ +a9e 7o*nt4 :o*3$ 4ee, to
2n$27ate 4o,e ,ater2a34 :ere not +ro+o*n$e$)"
In 524 FArre4t Re+ort an$ De73arat2on of Pro6a63e Ca*4eG fro, Se+te,6er %
t5
B.<< RSIC
Off27er Cra:for$ :r2te4:GOn %?%?<< at a6o*t B<:B< 5o*r4 I re4+on$e$ to B&B@ E" B
n$
St" Reno NV
/%@.B for a Pet2t Lar7en;" U+on ,; arr2#a3 I ,et :2t5 A44et Prote7t2on A44o72ate T5o,a4
Front2no :5o, ,a$e a 72t2Len4 arre4t for Pet2t Lar7en;" Front2no :a4 2n +o44e442on of t5e 4to3en
2te,4"G Front2no04 te4t2,on; at tr2a3 5o:e#er 73ear3; 2n$27ate$ 5e 5a$ on3; a4>e$ Co*9532n to ,eet
:2t5 52, not t5at Front2no 5a$ F2,,e$2ate3;G ,a$e a F72t2Len04 arre4tG r295t after t5e 7o,,2442on
- <@?%@ -
01025
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of t5e a33e9e$ 7r2,e" F*rt5er 2f Front2no 5a$ ,a$e 4*75 a F72t2Len04 arre4tG an$ F:a4 2n +o44e442on
of t5e 4to3en 2te,4G t5en :5; $2$ 2t ta>e f2#e ,2n*te4 of 2nterro9at2on 6; t5e RSIC Off27er4 an$ a
+at $o:n 6efore t5e te75n27a3 +o2nt of arre4t 6; Cra:for$ an$ :5; $2$ Cra:for$ nee$ to eD+3a2n
524 $e7242on to arre4t an$ 7on$*7t a 4ear75 2n72$ent to arre4t an$ 6a424 for +ro6a63e 7a*4e f2n$2n9 to
$o 4o *+on 4o,e a33e9e$ fa23*re 6; Co*9532n to +ro#2$e 524 $r2#er04 327en4eM T5e $247o#er;
+ro+o*n$e$ a ,ont5 3ater 4t233 $2$ not 5a#e an; Ma924trate or C*$272a3 Off27er04 429nat*re a++ro#2n9
t5e +ro6a63e 7a*4e f2n$2n9 $e4+2te t5e &/ 5o*r re8*2re,ent t5at 4*75 6e 244*e$"
Ho:e#er 2n 524 FIn72$ent Re+ortG ,a$e a $a; 3ater RSIC Off27er Cra:for$ :r2te4:
FOn %?%<B. << at a++roD2,ate3; B <B< 5o*r4 Off27er Bra*n:ort5 an$ I :ere
$24+at75e$ to B&B@ Ea4t Se7on$ Street Reno NY /%@.B for a re+ort of a +et2t
3ar7en;" U+on o*r arr2#a3 :e ,et :2t5 1aIAMart A44et Prote7t2on A44o72ate
T5o,a4 Front2no :5o 4tate$ (e obser)ed a *(te 'ale ad$lt+ de"tfed as
,a!(ary Co$g(l"+ *al-"g t(ro$g( t(e store o&e""g )aro$s te's a"d
ds!ard"g t(e' " t(e garbage !a"" Front2no 4tate$ (e also obser)ed
Co$g(l" eat a !a"dy bar *(le *al-"g t(ro$g( t(e store" Co*9532n +a44e$ a33
+o2nt4 of 4a3e 2n42$e of 1a3AMart an$ eD2te$" Co*9532n :a4 t5en $eta2ne$ 6;
Front2no for +et2t 3ar7en;" P3ea4e refer to Front2no04 State,ent for f*rt5er
2nfonnat2on" Off27er Bra*n:ort5 a4>e$ Co*9532n 2f 5e 5a$ an; :ea+on4 on 524
+er4on an$ Co*9532n 4tate$ 5e $2$ not" I a4>e$ Co*9532n 2f I 7o*3$ 5a#e
+er,2442on to 4ear75 524 +er4on for :ea+on4" Co*9532n 9a#e ,e 7on4ent 6*t
4tate$ $o not 9o 2nto ,; +o7>et4" 3 4ear75e$ t5e o*ter 73ot52n9 of Co*9532n an$
fo*n$ no :ea+on4 on 52," I t5en +ro7ee$e$ to a4> Co*9532n 8*e4t2on4 +erta2n2n9
to 244*2n9 52, a 72tat2on for +et2t 3ar7en;"
Co*9532n 5o:e#er ref*4e$ to an4:er ,; 8*e4t2on4 re3at2n9 to a 72tat2on an$
6e7a,e *n7oo+erat2#e" Co*9532n :a4 t5en +3a7e$ *n$er arre4t for +et2t 3ar7en;" I
6e9an ,; 4ear75 2n72$ent to arre4t on Co*9532n an$ fo*n$ 7o*95 $ro+4 4t233
:ra++e$ 2n 524 +o7>et4" Front2no :a4 a63e to 7onf2r, t5e; :ere t5e 4a,e 7o*95
$ro+4 t5at 7a,e fro, t5e o+ene$ 7o*95 $ro+ 6oDe4 fro, 2n42$e t5e 4tore t5at :ere
*n+a2$ for" At a++roD2,ate3; BB.. 5o*r4 I tran4+orte$ Co*9532n to t5e 1a45oe
Co*nt; Detent2on Fa7232t; an$ 6oo>e$ 52, for Reno M*n272+a3 Co$e /"<.".&.
+et2t 3ar7en;" At a++roD2,ate3; B<BB 5o*r4 I 73eare$ t5e 2n72$ent :2t5 no f*rt5er
2n72$entG
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01026
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Off27er Cra:for$ te4t2f2e$ at tr2a3 t5at Co*9532n ref*4e$ to +ro#2$e 524 $r2#er04 327en4e
5o:e#er t524 In72$ent Re+ort ,ere3; ,ent2on4 Co*9532n a33e9e$3; ref*42n9 to Fan4:er ,;
8*e4t2on4 +erta2n2n9 to 244*2n9 a 72tat2onGM 15; t5e re,2D 7o,e tr2a3 t2,eM Co*3$ 2t 6e t5ata
4*4+e7t04 a33e9e$3; fa232n9 to +ro#2$e an Off27er a re4+on4e to 524 8*err; of F:5o, $o ;o* :or> forG
$oe4 not 8*2te E*4t2f; t5e o3$er FI 5a$ to arre4t 52, *n$er NRS <'<"<B( 6e7a*4e I 7o*3$n0t 6e 4*re of
524 2$ent2f;G a++roa75 e4+e72a33; :5ere t5e Off27er :a4 92#en t5e 4*4+e7t04 $r2#er04 327en4e an$ ran
a NCIS 75e7> on 2t 6; 7a332n9 524 $24+at75 :rote t5e $r2#er04 327en4e n*,6er $o:n on 524
7onte,+oraneo*4 Arre4t Re+ort an$ De73arat2on of Pro6a63e Ca*4e an$ :5ere t5e Off27er 24 73ear3;
4een 6e2n9 5an$e$ t5e $r2#er04 327en4e 6; Co*9532n 2n t5e 1a3AMart 2nterro9at2on roo, #2$eoM An;
:5; 24 2t t5at no ot5er #2$eo eD24t4 to 4*++ort an; of 1a3AMart an$ Front2no04 a33e9at2on of
Co*9532n 7on4*,2n9 t524 or t5at or o+en2n9 t524 or t5at or t5ro:2n9 t524 or t5at a:a;" If t524 5a$
6een a 432+ an$ fa33 7a4e ;o* 7an 6et 1a3AMart :o*3$ 5a#e #2$eo4 fro, ,ore an93e4 t5an a re+3a; of
a 9reat 7at75 2n t5e S*+er Bo:3 :2t5 t5e2r 4tore4 5a#2n9 32tera33; 5*n$re$4 of t5o4e 7e232n9 ,o*nte$
7a,er4 e#en3; $24+er4e$ t5ro*95t t5e 4tore an$ 73ear3; #24263e to a33" O5 an$ 4*+r24e 4*r+r24e
t5ere 24 no a*$2o on e2t5er of t5e Interro9at2on Roo, #2$eo4 +ro#2$e$ 6; 1a3AMart $e4+2te t5e2r
3o44 +re#ent2on a44o72ate4 7arr;2n9 aro*n$ re7or$2n9 $e#27e4 t5ro*95o*t t5e ent2re 2n72$ent an$ t5e
RSIC fa23e$ to +ro#2$e an; 4*75 re7or$2n94 a4 :e33 an$ 2n$27ate$ none eD24t"
Ho: eDa7t3; :a4 Front2no a63e to F7onf2r, t5e; :ere t5e 4a,e 7o*95 $ro+4 t5at 7a,e fro,
t5e o+ene$ 7o*95 $ro+ 6oDe4 fro, 2n42$e t5e 4toreGM D2$ t5e4e F7o*95 $ro+40 5a#e a 4er2a3 n*,6er
atta75e$ to t5e,M Ma;6e t5e 2nferen7e 24 t5at t5e4e F7o*95 $ro+4G :ere of t5e t;+e one :o*3$ f2n$
2n a 6oD :2t5 t5e UPC t5at a++ear4 on 6ot5 re7e2+t4 2n ED5262t < =t5e re7e2+t for O<&"'B 7onta2n2n9
t5e entr2e4 for t5e 2te,4 a33e9e$3; 7on4*,e$ :523e 45o++2n9 for an; +a;2n9 for t5e entr2e4 on t5e
re7e2+t for O/("/B) 5o:e#er at tr2a3 te4t2,on; :a4 t5e *n4*++orta63e an$ $24en9eno*4 +o42t2on
- <'?%@ -
01027
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t5at Front2no >ne: t5e; :ere t5e eDa7t F7o*95 $ro+4G t5at :ere for,er3; 2n t5e 6oDe4 t5at Front2no
5a$ 9at5ere$ an$ not fro, t5e 6oD of t5e 4a,e D*ra7t Co*95 Me3t4 =a9a2n 6ear2n9 t5e 4a,e UPC)
t5at a++eare$ on Co*9532n04 O/("/B re7e2+t"
La7>2n9 an; rea3 +ro6a63e 7a*4e to arre4t e4+e72a33; for t5e a33e9e$ ,24$e,eanor not
7o,,2tte$ 2n t5e Off27er04 +re4en7e after ' +"," =4ee 6e3o: NRS <'<"<B&=<)=a))) RSIC Off27er
Cra:for$ a tra2nee 6e2n9 o#er4een 6; Off27er Bra*n:ort5 :5o 7o*3$ 6are3; re,e,6er 524 o:n
na,e on t5e :2tne44 4tan$ at tr2a3 :a4 3eft to t5e $*62o*4 at 6e4t a33e9at2on t5at 5e 5a$ to ,a>e an
arre4t 6e7a*4e Co*9532n fa23e$ to +ro#2$e 524 $r2#er04 327en4e= t524 a44ert2on :a4 $*62o*4 at 6e4t an$
fra*$*3ent +o327e ,247on$*7t $one *n$er 7o3or of 4tate 3a: 6e4t 7on42$er2n9 t524 o77*rre$ at a reta23
+ro+ert; o:ne$ 6; t5e 4a,e ent2t; t5e Reno S+ar>4 In$2an Co3on; t5at o:n4 an$ r*n4 t5e RSIC
+o327e for7e an$ :5275 +artner4 :2t5 an$ rent4 to 3an$ on :5275 t524 1a3AMart 42t4 to 2t4 6*42ne44
+artner 1a3AMart 7on42$er2n9 t5at t5e 2nterro9at2on roo, #2$eo4 +ro+o*n$e 6; t5e C2t; of Reno
2t4e3f an$ f23,e$ 6; 1a3AMart 73ear3; 45o: Off27er Cra:for 6e2n9 5an$e$ Co*9532n04 $r2#er04
327en4e 6; Co*9532n an$ Cra:for$04 :r2tten re+ort 5a4 2n Cra:for$04 o:n 5an$:r2t2n9 t5e eDa7t
$r2#er04 327en4e n*,6er 6e3on92n9 to Co*9532n on t5e F4*4+e7t4 2nfor,at2onG +ort2on of t5e re+ort
2n a$$2t2on to ot5er 2nfor,at2on ta>en $2re7t$3; off of t5e $r2#er04 327en4e Co*9532n +ro#2$e$ to
Cra:for$)" F*rt5er Co*9532n04 atte,+t4 to o6ta2n t5e $24+at75 7a334 an$ re7or$4 an$ an; %<< 7a334
,a$e 6; 1a3AMart :5ere ,et :2t5 7ontra$27tor; re4+on4e4 an$ o6f*47at2on" Nonet5e3e44 *+on
2nfor,at2on an$ 6e32ef 4*75 re7or$4 :o*3$ 45o: :5at t5e 2nterro9at2on roo, #2$eo 45o:4 2e
Off27er Cra:for$ *42n9 524 ra$2o to 7a33 2nto $24+at75 an$ r*n a 75e7> for +r2or4 on Co*9532n
*t232L2n9 Co*9532n04 $r2#er4 327en4e n*,6er" In$ee$ t5e NCIS re+ort4 an$ re7or$4 32>e3; are
re8*2re$ to 45o: :5en 4*75 a re+ort :a4 r*n an$ 6; :5o, an$ Off27er Cra:for$04 4*64e8*ent
,2n72n9 a44ert2on on t5e :2tne44 4tan$ t5at t5e 1a45oe Co*nt; Ca23 +ro#2$e$ 52, Co*9532n04
- </?%@ -
01028
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$r2#er04 327en4e n*,6er 24 not on3; 7o*nter to +r2#a7; 3a:4 an$ 1a45oe Co*nt; Ca23 +o327; an$
+ro7e$*re 2t 24 a34o 63atant3; fa34e an$ a +at5et27 atte,+t to 9a,e t5e 4;4te, *n$er 7o3or of 4tate
3a:" To t5e eDtent t5at C2t; of Reno De+*t; Pro4e7*tor Pa,e3a Ro6ert4 E48" :a4 2n +o44e442on of
t5e4e 2nterro9at2on roo, #2$eo4 an$ 7ont2n*e to fa7232tate Off27er Cra:for$04 a++arent +erE*r; or at
3ea4t 93ar2n9 F,24Are,e,6eran7eG 2t 45o*3$ ,2t29ate an; an9er or reta32at2on ,a$e a9a2n4t
Co*9532n for atta7529n a4 an eD5262t to a +retr2a3 ,ot2on t5e #ar2o*4 3a: re#2e:4 re3ate$ to
+ro4e7*tor2a3 ,247on$*7t t5at for,er +ro4e7*tor RMC C*$9e Ho:ar$ 4ee,e$ to f2n$ 4o offen42#e
an$ off+*tt2n9"
A ,2n*te 6; ,2n*te 75rono3o9; re#ea34 t5at t5e O/("/B re7e2+t :a4 244*e$ at B<:<& on
Se+te,6er %
t5
B.<<" T5e O<&"'& re7e2+t t5at 1a3AMart 7reate$ to 4*++ort 2t4 #a3*at2on of t5e 2te,4
a33e9e$3; 7on4*,e$ :523e 45o++2n9 6*t not +a2$ for :a4 7reate$ 4o,e ten ,2n*te4 3ater at B<:B&
=,232tar; t2,e B& 5o*r 73o7>)" T5e RSIC Po327e Off27er4 Ca,eron Cra:for$ an$ T5e t2,e
4ta,+2n9 on t5e t:o Interro9at2on Roo, #2$eo4 +ro#2$e$ 6; 1a3AMart 2n$27ate t5e 2nterro9at2on
ran fro, B<:<' to B<:(%" Co*9532n +ro#2$e$ RSIC Off27er Cra:for$ 524 $r2#er04 327en4e at
a++roD2,ate3; B<:B( =t5e - ,2n*te &% 4e7on$ ,ar> of t5e Interro9at2on Roo, #2$eo)" Cra:for$4
In72$ent Re+ort 2n$27ate4 5e tran4+orte$ Co*9532n at BB:.. to t5e 1a45oe Co*nt; Ca23" T5e
Interro9at2on Roo, #2$eo4 ,a$e 6; 1a3AMart =t5e one04 :5ere Front2no 24 4een 5295 f2#2n9 a 1a3A
Mart 7o5ort an$ 4een 92#2n9 t5e RSIC off27er4 a 7$?$#$ $e4+2te t5e fa7t t5at 3ater on 6ot5 1a3A
Mart04 Front2no an$ t5e RSIC Off27er4 Cra:for$ an$ Bra*n:ort5 te4t2f2e$ t5at ot5er t5an t5e t:o
Interro9at2on Roo, #2$eo4 no ot5er #2$eo4 :ere +ro#2$e$ to t5e RSIC PD nor :a4 an; ot5er
re3e#ant a7t2on 7a*95t on #2$eo fro, t5at n295t" 1a3AMart04 T5o,a4 Front2no04 S*++3e,enta3
12tne44 State,ent For, 24 $ate$ Se+te,6er %
t5
B.<< :2t5 a t2,e of BB:<( an$ 324t4 524 FRe42$en7e
- <%?%@ -
01029
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A$$re44G a4 B&B@ E" Se7on$ St" Reno /%@.B :5275 24 t5e a$$re44 92#en for t5e 1a3AMart a4 :e33
2n #2o3at2on of t5e S2Dt5 A,en$,ent R295t of Confrontat2on"
1a3AMart04 T5o,a4 Front2no Lo44 Pre#ent2on A44o72ate04 FS*++3e,enta3 12tne44 State,ent
For, of Se+te,6er %
t5
B.<< :2t5 a t2,e 7o,+3ete$ 5an$:r2tten 2n a4 BB:<( =<.:<( +",") rea$4:
FOn .%?.%<B.<< at a6o*t /:&@ PM I not27e$ a ,a3e 7*4to,er :5o I 5a$
+re#2o*4 en7o*nter4 :2t5 :5o :e 5a$ fo33o:e$ for 4*4+272o*4 a7t2#2t2e4 2n
t5e +a4t" A4 I fo33o:e$ 52, aro*n$ t5e 4tore 5e ,a$e 524 :a; 6a7> an$
fort5 a7ro44 t5e 4tore" He 4e3e7te$ #ar2o*4 2te,4 4*75 a4 7an$; an$ 7o*95
,e$272ne an$ 4o,e #ar2o*4 ot5er foo$ 2te,4" He o+ene$ t:o +a7>a9e4 of
7o*95 $ro+4 an$ 7on7ea3e$ t5e 7ontent4 2n42$e 524 +o7>et4" He t5en t5re:
t5e +a7>a92n9 to t5e 7o*95 $ro+4 2n t:o $2fferent 9ar6a9e 7an4 2n t5e
4tore" One 2n t5e 7an$; a243e an$ one 2n t5e 4o$a a243e"
He a34o 4e3e7te$ a 75o7o3ate 6ar :5275 5e +ro7ee$e$ to o+en an$ eat
t5ro*95o*t t5e 4tore" 15en 5e :a4 f2n245e$ 45o++2n9 5e :ent to re924ter
<' an$ +a2$ for t5e re4t of t5e ,er75an$24e t5at 5e 5a$ 4e3e7te$" He $2$
not 5o:e#er ,a>e an; atte,+t to +a; for t5e 75o7o3ate 6ar an$ 7o*95
$ro+4 5e 5a$ 4e3e7te$" He 7on7ea3e$ t5e :ra++er to t5e 7an$; 2n t5e 7art
an$ 7o#ere$ 2t :2t5 4an2t2Ler :2+e4" He t5en eD2te$ t5e fa7232t; #2a t5e
9ro7er; $oor4"
On7e 7o,+3ete3; o*t42$e t5e fa7232t; I a++roa75e$ 52, :2t5 Stan3e;
C*nn2n95a, an$ 2$ent2f2e$ ,;4e3f a4 1a3A,art a44et +rote7t2on an$
2nfor,e$ 52, t5at I nee$e$ 52, to reenter t5e fa7232t; 4o t5at :e :o*3$ 6e
a63e to 7o,+3ete o*r 2n#e4t29at2on" He :a4 7o,+32ant at t524 t2,e an$
fo33o:e$ *4 to t5e off27e" At t524 t2,e 6e7a,e non 7o,+32ant" T5e +o327e
arr2#e$ on 47ene an$ too> o#er t5e 2n#e4t29at2on" 15en a4>e$ 6; t5e
off27er4 2f 5e :o*3$ 7on4ent to a +at $o:n 5e 7o,+32e$" A34o after 5e :a4
+3a7e$ *n$er arre4t 6; t5e off27er 524 6e3on92n94 :ere e,+t2e$ fro, 524
+ant4 +o7>et4 an$ :e :ere a34o a63e to re7o#er 4o,e of t5e 7o*95 $ro+4
t5at 5e 5a$ 7on7ea3e$ on 524 +er4on" He t5en 6e7a,e #er; nonA7o,+32ant
:2t5 t5e off27er4 8*e4t2on2n9" He :a4 arre4te$ an$ re,o#e$ fro, o*r
fa7232t;" He :a4 a34o tre44+a4e$ at t524 t2,e fro, a33 1a3AMart fa7232t2e4"
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+er4on:
- B.?%@ -
01030
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=a) For a +*6327 offen4e 7o,,2tte$ or atte,+te$ 2n t5e off27erP4 +re4en7e"
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7r2,2na3 6e5a#2or or of #2o3at2n9 7on$2t2on4 of +aro3e or +ro6at2on: L2,2tat2on4"
<" An; +ea7e off27er ,a; $eta2n an; +er4on :5o, t5e off27er en7o*nter4
*n$er 72r7*,4tan7e4 :5275 rea4ona63; 2n$27ate t5at t5e +er4on 5a4 7o,,2tte$ 24
7o,,2tt2n9 or 24 a6o*t to 7o,,2t a 7r2,e"
(" T5e off27er ,a; $eta2n t5e +er4on +*r4*ant to t524 4e7t2on on3; to a47erta2n
t5e +er4onP4 2$ent2t; an$ t5e 4*4+272o*4 72r7*,4tan7e4 4*rro*n$2n9 t5e +er4onP4
+re4en7e a6roa$" A"y &erso" so deta"ed s(all de"tfy ('self or (erself+ b$t
'ay "ot be !o'&elled to a"s*er a"y ot(er ".$ry of a"y &ea!e off!er"
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45a33 6e re3ea4e$"
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a6o*t to 7o,,2t a 7r2,e"
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+er4onP4 +aro3e or +ro6at2on"
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2$ent2t; an$ t5e 4*4+272o*4 72r7*,4tan7e4 4*rro*n$2n9 t5e +er4onP4 +re4en7e a6roa$" An;
+er4on 4o $eta2ne$ 45a33 2$ent2f; 52,4e3f or 5er4e3f 6*t ,a; not 6e 7o,+e33e$ to an4:er an;
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&" A +er4on ,*4t not 6e $eta2ne$ 3on9er t5an 24 rea4ona63; ne7e44ar; to effe7t t5e
+*r+o4e4 of t524 4e7t2on an$ 2n no e#ent 3on9er t5an -. ,2n*te4" T5e $etent2on ,*4t not
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=A$$e$ to NRS 6; <%-% @(@K A <%'( @%'K <%'@ <B..K <%/' <<'BK <%%@ B.-/)
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- B<?%@ -
01031
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for an arre4t a++ear4" If after 2n8*2r; 2nto t5e 72r7*,4tan7e4 :5275 +ro,+te$ t5e $etent2on no
+ro6a63e 7a*4e for arre4t a++ear4 4*75 +er4on 45a33 6e re3ea4e$"
1a3AMart04 Front2no04 4:orn Cr2,2na3 Co,+3a2nt 5o:e#er fa234 to ,a>e an; 2n$27at2on of
E*4t 5o: 5e >ne: or :5; 5e 6e32e#e$ Co*9532n #2o3ate$ RMC /"<.".&." To t5e eDtent t5at Front2no
:r2te4 2n 524 o:n 5an$ t5at t5e 2te,4 Fta>en or 7arr2e$ a:a;G =$e4+2te Front2no 2f not t5e #ar2o*4
ne:4 o*t3et4 7o#er2n9 t524 7a4e a7t*a33; te4t2f;2n9 t5at 5e F:at75e$ Co*9532n 7on4*,e t5e 75o7o3ate
6arG :523e 45o++2n9) 2n73*$e$ a F75o7o3ate 6arG :5en t5e UPC of t5e re7e2+t for t5e a33e9e$3; 4to3en
2te,4 +ro#2$e$ 6; 1a3AMart a7t*a33; re#ea34 t5at UPC to 6e3on9 to a FMa9n*, Do*63e Cara,e3 I7e
Crea, BarG t5e Co,+3a2nt fa234 to +3e$ :2t5 t5e 4ort of 4+e72f272t; ne7e44ar to 4*4ta2n a +ro4e7*t2on
,*75 3e44 t5e te,+orar; 4*4+en42on of one04 3a: 327en4e" Attorne;04 7on$*7t 2n 7ont2n*2n9 to 7ro44A
eDa,2ne +o327e off27er after E*$9e 5a$ r*3e$ t5at +o327e 3o9 :a4 not a$,244263e :a4 not 7onte,+t
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,et an$ :5en t5ere 24 7o,+e332n9 rea4on for 2,,e$2ate re,e$; or :5en t2,e 24 of e44en7e" T5*4
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01032
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NRS <'<"<.B Co,+3a2nt $ef2ne$K oat5 or $e73arat2on re8*2re$" T5e
7o,+3a2nt 24 a :r2tten 4tate,ent of t5e e44ent2a3 fa7t4 7on4t2t*t2n9 t5e +*6327
offen4e 75ar9e$" It ,*4t 6e ,a$e *+on:
<" Oat5 6efore a ,a924trate or a notar; +*6327K or
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In 524 te4t2,on; $*r2n9 t5e No#e,6er (.
t5
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F7on4*,2n9G t5e 7o*95 $ro+4 2n t5e 4tore" So T5o,a4 Front2no te4t2f2e$ *n$er oat5 t5e 5e
+er4ona33; :2tne44 Co*9532n 7on4*,2n9 t5e 7o*95 $ro+4 t5ro*95o*t t5e 4tore =FHe o+ene$ t:o
+a7>a9e4 of 7o*95 $ro+4 an$ 7on7ea3e$ t5e 7ontent4 2n42$e 524 +o7>et4"""G)" Ho:e#er 2n 524
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to a$,2t t5at off272a3 1a3AMart +o327; +re#ente$ 52, fro, fo33o:2n9 Co*9532n 2nto t5e re4troo,
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- B(?%@ -
01033
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Front2no t5en 2n$27ate4 t5at Co*9532n F$2$ not 5o:e#er ,a>e an; atte,+t to +a; for t5e
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too far a:a; fro, Co*9532n an$ t5e 7a452er to 5ear :5et5er or not Co*9532n ,a$e an; atte,+t to +a;
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- B&?%@ -
01034
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04 :r2tten State,ent 7on73*$e4 6; not2n9 t5at F#2$eo e#2$en7e :233 a34o 6e 7o,+23e$"G In$ee$ 2n t5e
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- B@?%@ -
01035
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+ro$*72n9 effe7t4 42,23ar to t5o4e of t5e 7ontro33e$ 4*64tan7e4 >eta,2ne an$ +5en7;732$2ne =PCP)I-J
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FT5e 7o*rt ,a; t5ere*+on 244*e an or$er $2re7t2n9 t5e 45er2ff or 7on4ta63e of t5e 7o*nt; to
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an Or$er Grant2n9 S*,,ar; E#27t2on :a4 429ne$ 6; O7to6er B't5 B.<<" T5at 3an9*a9e 24 on3; fo*n$
2n 42t*at2on4 2na++327a63e to t5e 7*rrent one" NRS &."B@(=()=6)=B) an$ NRS &."B@(=@)=a) are t5e on3;
4e7t2on4 of NRS &. :5ere t524 F:2t52n B& 5o*r4G 3an9*a9e o77*r4 an$ t5o4e 42t*at2on4 on3; a++3;
:5ere 2n:
&."B@(=()=6)=B): F (" A not27e 4er#e$ +*r4*ant to 4*64e7t2on < or B ,*4t: """=6) A$#24e
t5e tenant: V" =B) T5at 2f t5e 7o*rt $eter,2ne4 t5at t5e tenant 24 9*23t; of an *n3a:f*3
$eta2ner t5e 7o*rt ,a; 244*e a 4*,,ar; or$er for re,o#a3 of t5e tenant or an or$er
+ro#2$2n9 for t5e nona$,2ttan7e of t5e tenant $2re7t2n9 t5e 45er2ff or 7on4ta63e of t5e
7o*nt; to re,o#e t5e tenant :2t52n B& 5o*r4 after re7e2+t of t5e or$erG
an$
&."B@(=@)=a): F@" U+on non7o,+32an7e :2t5 t5e not27e: =a) T5e 3an$3or$ or t5e
3an$3or$P4 a9ent ,a; a++3; 6; aff2$a#2t of 7o,+3a2nt for e#27t2on to t5e E*4t27e 7o*rt of
t5e to:n452+ 2n :5275 t5e $:e332n9 a+art,ent ,o623e 5o,e or 7o,,er72a3 +re,24e4
are 3o7ate$ or to t5e $24tr27t 7o*rt of t5e 7o*nt; 2n :5275 t5e $:e332n9 a+art,ent
,o623e 5o,e or 7o,,er72a3 +re,24e4 are 3o7ate$ :5275e#er 5a4 E*r24$27t2on o#er t5e
,atter" T5e 7o*rt ,a; t5ere*+on 244*e an or$er $2re7t2n9 t5e 45er2ff or 7on4ta63e of t5e
7o*nt; to re,o#e t5e tenant :2t52n B& 5o*r4 after re7e2+t of t5e or$er"G
T5e :a; t5e4e 4*,,ar; e#27t2on or$er4 are 6e2n9 7arr2e$ o*t an$ F4er#e$G 2n 1a45oe Co*nt;
+re4ent3; 45o7>4 t5e 7on472en7e an$ #2o3ate4 Ne#a$a 3a:" T5ere 24 not 6a424 for effe7t*at2n9 a
3o7>o*t t5e :a; 1CSO04 De+*t; Ma75e, $2$ 2n t5e 7a4e of t5e *n$er429ne$04 for,er 5o,e 3a:
off27e" T5e a6o#e t:o 4e7t2on4 7onta2n2n9 t5e F:2t52n B& 5o*r4 of re7e2+tG 3an9*a9e are 2na++327a63e
a4 t5o4e 42t*at2on4 $o not 2n#o>e t5e +re4ent 72r7*,4tan7e4 :5ere t5e Tenant $2$ f23e an Aff2$a#2t
an$ $2$ 7onte4t t524 ,atter to a $e9ree not often 4een" To re8*2re Ne#a$a04 tenant4 to 9et *+ an$ 9et
o*t F:2t52n B& 5o*r4G of Fre7e2+t of t5e or$erG =:5at $oe4 t5at e#en ,eanM T5e *4e of ter,4 32>e
Fren$2t2onG Fren$ere$G Fnot27e of entr;G F+rono*n7e$G 24 a64ent 5ere an$ t524 Fre7e2+t of t5e
or$erG 3an9*a9e 24 4o,et52n9 rare3; fo*n$ e34e:5ere 2n Ne#a$a 3a:A4ee atta75e$ DMV 4tat*tor;
72tat2on4 an$ 2n e,+3o;,ent 3a: 32t29at2on :5ere one ,*4t f23e a Co,+3a2nt :2t52n %. $a;4 of
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01042
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Fre7e2+tG of a R295t To S*e Letter a 42t*at2on :5275 fo33o:4 NRCP @=6) an$ NRCP -=e) 2n 2,+*t2n9
re7e2+t of 4*75 a 3etter :5en a7t*a3 re7e2+t 24 not 45o:n 6; a++3;2n9 a F7on4tr*7t2#e not27eG
4tan$ar$ t5at re32e4 *+on t5e $a;4 for ,a232n9 eDten42on of t2,e for 2te,4 4er#e$ 2n t5e ,a232n9 et7")"
In A6ra5a, #" 1oo$4 Ho3e O7eano9ra+527 In4t2t*te @@( F"($ <<& =<4t C2r" B..%) t5e re7or$ $2$ not
ref3e7t :5en t5e +3a2nt2ff re7e2#e$ 524 r295tAtoA4*e 3etter" T5e 3etter :a4 244*e$ on No#e,6er B&
B..-" T5e 7o*rt 7a37*3ate$ t5at t5e %.A$a; +er2o$ 7o,,en7e$ on No#e,6er (. B..- 6a4e$ on t5ree
$a;4 for ,a232n9 after eD73*$2n9 Sat*r$a;4 an$ S*n$a;4" In or$er to 6r2n9 a 73a2, *n$er e2t5er T2t3e
VII or t5e ADA a +3a2nt2ff ,*4t eD5a*4t a$,2n24trat2#e re,e$2e4 an$ 4*e :2t52n %. $a;4 of re7e2+t of
a r295t to 4*e 3etter" See &B U"S"C" R B...eA@=f)=<)" See Ba3$:2n Co*nt; 1e37o,e Center #" Bro:n
&-- U"S" <&' <&/ n"< <.& S"Ct" <'B( /. L"E$"B$ <%- =<%/&)=9rant2n9 +3a2nt2ff an a$$2t2ona3 t5ree
$a;4 for ,a232n9 +*r4*ant to R*3e -)"
12t5 re4+e7t to an; ,ent2on of FB& 5o*r4G an$ t5e a++327a6232t; of t5e CCRCP to 7a4e4 32>e
t5e4e NRS &."&.. R*3e4 of +ra7t27e 5o3$4 t5at :GT5e +ro#242on4 of NRS Ne#a$a R*3e4 of C2#23
Pro7e$*re an$ Ne#a$a R*3e4 of A++e33ate Pro7e$*re re3at2#e to 72#23 a7t2on4 a++ea34 an$ ne: tr2a34
4o far a4 t5e; are not 2n7on424tent :2t5 t5e +ro#242on4 of NRS &."BB. to &."&B. 2n73*42#e a++3; to
t5e +ro7ee$2n94 ,ent2one$ 2n t5o4e 4e7t2on4" A4 4*75 NRCP -=a)=e) a++32e4 to t5e Or$er of
S*,,ar; E#27t2on t5at 1CSO De+*t; Ma75e, a33e9e$ *n$er +ena3t; of +erE*r; t5at 5e H+er4ona33;
4er#e$H *+on ,e on No#e,6er < B.<<"
ATTEM/T AT /ART%AL TRANSCR%/T OF TR%AL
Here 24 t5e *n$er429ne$04 atte,+t to t;+e o*t :or$ for :or$ t5e 6e92nn2n9 of t5e +ro7ee$2n9
2n t524 ,atter =Co*9532n04 2n$29en7; 5a4 +re#ente$ 4e7*r2n9 t5e +ro$*7t2on of a 7ert2f2e$ tran47r2+t an$
5o+ef*33; 2t 24 o6#2o*4 to t5e rea$er t5e +o2nt4 at :5275 t5e *n$er429ne$ 2nter32neate4 7o,,entar; or
ana3;424 :2t52n t5e tran47r2+t2on 2t4e3f t;+27a33; a3:a;4 4et offf 6; +arent5e4e424" F*rt5er t5e For T5e
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01043
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Re7or$ #er42on of t5e a*$2o of t5e +ett; 3ar7en; tr2a3 24 a#a23a63e for free $o:n3oa$ 5ere a4 are t5e
t:o Interro9at2on Roo, #2$eo4 of t5e Se+te,6er %
t5
B.<< arre4t at 1a3,art an$ t5e $247o#er;
+ro$*7e$ 6; t5e C2t; Attorne; an$ t5e re7e2+t for O/("/B 45o:2n9 t5e UPC for t5e 7o*95 $ro+4 $2$
a++ear on t5e re7e2+t 7ontrar; to Front2no an$ Off27er Cra:for$4 te4t2,on;"):
5tt+4:??4>;$r2#e"32#e"7o,?re$2rMre42$N&(./&-(/F(BF@FB/W%B<
=Be92nn2n9 of a*$2o tran47r2+t at B:<B +",")
Mar45a33: a33 r24e $e+art,ent for t5e Reno M*n272+a3 Co*rt 4taff 4e442on t5e Hon"
C*$9e Ho:ar$:+re42$2n9
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: Be 4eate$ e#er;one
Ro6ert4: Yo*r Honor 3a4t 7a4e4 24 C2t; #er4e4 Za75ar; Co*9532n: << CR BB<'- Mr"
Co*9532n :o*3$ ;o* 4te+ for:ar$ +3ea4eM
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: a33 r295t t524 24 t5e t2,e an$ +3a7e 4et for tr2a3 2n re9ar$ to a
+et2t 3ar7en; a33e9e$ to 6een 7o,,2tte$ on Se+te,6er % of t524 ;ear 7o,+3a2nt a33e9e4
t5at 4a2$ $efen$ant on or a6o*t Se+te,6er % B.<< at 1a3AMart B&B@ E" Bn$ St" 72t; of
Reno 4tate of Ne#a$a $2$ ta>e 7arr;2n9 a:a; 1a3AMart +ro+ert; #a3*e$ at 3e44 t5an
OB@. :2t5 t5e 2ntent to $e+r2#e 1a3AMart of 4a2$ +ro+ert; 4a2$ +ro+ert; 7on424te$ of
7o*95 $ro+4 an$ a 75o7o3ate 6ar Mr" Co*9532n 24 t5at ;o*r *n$er4tan$2n9 of t5e
75ar9eM
Co*9532n: I 6e32e#e 4o Yo*r Honor
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: a33 r295t +art 6ot5 +art2e4 rea$; to +ro7ee$ at t524 t2,e
Ro6ert: Ye4 Yo*r Honor
Co*9532n: no Yo*r Honor I0, not rea$; to +ro7ee$
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: :5; not
Mr" Co*9532n: 1e33 t5ere 24 a #ar2et; of rea4on4 Yo*r Honor
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: ;o* 5a#e to 4+ea> *+ 2f ;o* :ant ,e""
Co*9532n: ;e4 42r Yo*r Honor t5ere04 a #ar2et; of rea4on4 42r I :o*3$ 4a; 752ef of
:5275 24 t5at 2t *n3a:f*3 rent $24tra2nt 24 7*rrent3; 6e2n9 a++32e$ to ,; f23e4 t5at are
ne7e44ar; to $efen$ t524 7a4e I :a4 e#27te$ 2n E*4t27e 7o*rt 7a4e REVB.<<A..<'./
re7ent3; 6e42$e4 5a#2n9 an 2,+er,244263e rent e47ro: $e+o42t a++32e$ to ,e 2n t5at
7a4e"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: :5at $oe4 t5at 5a#e to $o :2t5 t524 7a4eM
Co*9532n: re7ent3; I 5a#e 6een affe7te$ a33 ,; f23e4
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: r295t
Co*9532n: a33 ,; f23e4 2n72$ent to t5e $efen4e of t524 7a4e are 7*rrent3; 6e2n9 :2t55e3$
*n$er 2n an 2,+er,244263e rent $24tra2nt 2n #2o3at2on of NRS &."B@( an$ <</ a"&-.
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$::5at e34e ;o* 5a#e ot5er t5an t524 :5at e34e ;o* 5a#e a4 a 6a424
for not 6e2n9 +re+are$M
Co*9532n: I ,a$e n*,ero*4 atte,+t4 to 7onta7t t5e Reno C2t; Attorne;04 off27e an$
M4" Ro6ert4 2n atte,+t4 to $247*44 t524 ,atter
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Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: M4" Ro6ert4
Co*9532n: an$ I 5a#e not 6een a63e to rea75 5er
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: or t5at 4o*n$ 6a424 for a 7ont2n*an7e ,a;6e 45e $oe4n0t 4+ea> to
45e 24 not re8*2re$ to
Co*9532n: f*rt5er t5ere04 a 9oo$ $ea3 of $247o#er; t5at nee$4 to 6e *n$erta>en 2n t524
re9ar$ 1a3AMart 5a4 6een o64tr*7t2#e a4 :e33 a4 =*n2nte3329263e)
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: :5at 2te,4 of $247o#er;
Co*9532n: :e33 I0$ 32>e to ta>e 4o,e $e+o42t2on4 a4 :e33 5a#e t5e, re4+on$ to 4o,e
4*6+oena $*7e4 te7*,4 I 5a$ 4er#e$ on t5e,
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: :5at e34eM
Co*9532n: t5e 4a,e 7o*3$ 6e 4a2$ for t5e Reno S+ar>4 In$2an Co3on; an$ t524 24 a
7o,+3eD 7a4e 2n ter,4 ;o* 5a#e t5e In$2an 7o3on; rent2n9 +ro+ert; to 1a3AMart :523e
e,+3o;2n9 t5e 4a,e +o327e +atro332n9 t5e +ro+ert; on :5275 t5e; 5a#e a f2nan72a3 4ta>e
2n :5et5er ,a>e an arre4t t5ere04 Fo*rt5 A,en$,ent 244*e4 2n#o3#e$ 2n t524 7a4e a4
:e33 24 &B 4e7t2on <%/( a6*4e of +ro7e4404 an$ +o327e ,247on$*7t 2n ter,4 of atte,+t2n9
to o6ta2n 7on4ent to an 2,+er,244263e 4ear75 t5ro*95 7oer72#e ,ean4 t524 24 not a
42,+3e 7a4e"""72#23 re7o#er; a6*4e4 are 6e2n9 a33e9e$ on t5e +art of 1a3AMart atte,+te$
4tate a7tor4"" a34o an$ I +ro6a63; 7an0t +*t 2nto :or$4 Yo*r Honor 5o: tr*3;
$24r*+t2#e t524 e#27t2on 5a4 6een""" I :a4 e#27te$ fro, ,; 5o,e off27e" I a, an
attorne; 2n t5e 4tate of Ne#a$a ,; 732ent f23e4 are 7*rrent3; I $on0t e#en >no: 2f I
45o*3$ 7a33 t5e, ,; f23e4 or ,; 732ent04 f23e4 are 6e2n9 :2t55e3$ *n$er an 2,+er,244263e
rent $24tra2nt" A34o I :a4 4eD*a33; a44a*3te$ 6; a 6a232ff 2n 7o*rt t5e ot5er $a;
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: 2n t524 7o*rt
Co*9532n: 2n C*4t27e Co*rt
Co*9532n: a33 of t5e4e ,atter4 7ontr26*te to an *n$*3; 6*r$en4o,e en#2ron,ent 2n
:5275 ,; a6232t; to $efen$ t524 7a4e 5a4 6een *n$*3; +reE*$27e$ 2n t5e eDtre,e
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$:I a, 9o2n9 to $en; t5e re8*e4t to 7ont2n*e I 9*e44 :5et5er t524 24 a
7o,+3eD 7a4e 24 2n t5e e;e of t5e 6e5o3$er I $on0t t;+27a33; f2n$ t5at t5e4e ,atter4 are
a4 7o,+3eD a4 ;o*0#e 2n$27ate$ t5e; are on t5at a4 :e33 t5at ,*75 of t5e ar9*,ent t5at
;o* ,a$e 5ere re3at2n9 to 4eD*a3 a44a*3t of a 6a232ff an$ anot5er 7o*rt ;o*r 2na6232t; to
+o44e44 7ontro3 ;o*r 732ent f23e4 5a#e no re3e#an7e 2n ,; ,2n$ to +ro7ee$2n9 :2t5 t5e
75ar9e4 an$ +ett; 3ar7en; a33e9e$ to 5a#e o77*rre$ at 1a3AMart on Se+te,6er %
Co*9532n: not E*4t ,; 732ent f23e4 or ,ater2a34 nee$e$ to $efen$ t524 7a4e are 6e2n9
:2t55e3$
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: I 2nterr*+t ;o* 42r $on0t 2nterr*+t ,e"
Co*9532n: Ye4 42r"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: A$$2t2ona3 note t5at t5e 3a4t 5ear2n9 No#e,6er <& t5e 72t; :a4
+re4ent :2t5 t5ree :2tne44e4 t5e ,atter :a4 7ont2n*e$ an$ :e 2n2t2a33; 2n$27ate$ t5at
:e :o*3$ note Mr" Co*9532n04 fa23*re to a++ear :e or$ere$ a 6en75 :arrant an$ O<...
7a45 6a23 on3; to $247o#er *nfort*nate3; for Mr" Co*9532n t5at 5e :a4 2n 7*4to$; 4o
t5e ,atter :a4 re4et" I t52n> t5ere04 6een 4*ff272ent t2,e to +re+are for tr2a3 2n t524
,atter 4o :e :233 +ro7ee$ :2t5 tr2a3 a33 :2tne44e4 +3ea4e 4tan$ an$ ra24e ;o*r r295t 5an$
4o ;o* 7an 6e 4:orn +3ea4e
Co*9532n: 2f I 7an E*4t ,a>e ,; o6Ee7t2on4 for t5e re7or$ S2rM
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: 4tan$2n9 o6Ee7t2on4
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Co*9532n: M4" Ro6ert4 5a4 a9ree$ to a 7ont2n*an7e 4*6,2tt2n9 a :r2tten a9ree,ent to
t5e 7ont2n*e4 t524 ,atter
Ho:ar$:M4" Ro6ert4
Ro6ert4: 5e 2n2t2a33; 5a$ a4>e$ for a ,ot2on to 7ont2n*e 4o,et2,e a9o I :ent :a4 for
t5e <&t5 an$ I $2$ not o6Ee7t at t5at t2,e a, I t52n> ;o* 4ent ,e an eA,a23 after t5e <&t5
an$ I 4a2$ I :o*3$ not o6Ee7t 6*t Yo*r Honor 4o at t5at t2,e I $2$ not o6Ee7t 5e 5a4
f23e$ a$$2t2ona3 ,ot2on4 :2t5 a$$2t2ona3 a33e9at2on4 t5at I t52n> 45o*3$ 6e 4tr27>en an$
not 7on42$ere$ 6; t524 7o*rt an$ I0$ 32>e to :2t5$ra: ,; 3a7> of o++o42t2on to
7ont2n*an7e
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: :233 2n an; e#ent t524 7o*rt 24 not 9o2n9 to a9ree to t5e 4t2+*3at2on
2f t5ere :a4 a 4t2+*3at2on to 7ont2n*e :2t5 :2tne44e4 5ere for 4e7on$ t2,e t5e;0re rea$;
to +ro7ee$ t524 24 7a4e 9o2n9 for:ar$ an$ :e :233 4:ear 2n t5e :2tne44e4
Mar45a33: I 4:ear to te33 t5e tr*t5 an$ not52n9 6*t t5e tr*t5
12tne44e4: Ye4 42r"
Mar45a33: T5e;0#e 6een 4:orn"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: A33 r295t Mr" Co*9532n $o I nee$ to 9o o#er t5e +ro7e$*re 5ere
to$a;M
Co*9532n: Ye4 42r"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: t5e 72t; 5a4 a 6*r$en of +roof an$ a4 4*75 :233 a33o: M4" Ro6ert4
to +ro7ee$ :2t5 2t4 7a4e 2n 752ef 2n2t2a33; 45e 7an $o 4o 6; 7a332n9 one ,ore :2tne44e4 to
t5e :2tne44 4tan$ ;o* 5a#e an o++ort*n2t; to 7ro44 eDa,2ne ea75 of t5o4e :2tne44e4
on7e 45e 5a4 7o,+3ete$ 45e 7an a34o offer an; +5;427a3 or $o7*,entar; e#2$en7e t5at
45e fee34 24 re3e#ant o6#2o*43; 4*6Ee7t to an; o6Ee7t2on4 t5at ;o* ,295t 5a#e to
re3e#an7;" On7e t5e 72t; 5a4 7on73*$e$ 2t4 7a4e ;o* :233 5a#e an o++ort*n2t; to +re4ent
a $efen4e" I 52953295t t5e :or$ o++ort*n2t; 6e7a*4e I t52n> ;o* *n$er4tan$ t5ere 24 no
re8*2re,ent t5at ;o* +re4ent an; e#2$en7e :5at4oe#er an$ 45o*3$ ;o* 75oo4e not to
te4t2f; t524 7o*rt t5ere04 no 2nferen7e a4 to ;o*r 9*23t or 2nno7en7e 6a4e$ on ;o*r
$e7242on not to te4t2f; on t5e ot5er 5an$ ;o* 5a#e an a64o3*te r295t to offer te4t2,on;
2n t5e for, of :2tne44e4 2n73*$2n9 ;o*r4e3f rea32L2n9 t5at ea75 of t5o4e :2tne44e4 :233
6e 4*6Ee7t to 7ro44AeDa,2nat2on 6; t5e 72t; attorne; 2n fa7t 2f ;o* 5a#e an; a$$2t2ona3
e#2$en7e +5;427a3 or $o7*,entar; t5at ;o* :o*3$ 32>e ,e to re#2e: 2n ,o4t
72r7*,4tan7e4 I :233 $o 4o 4*6Ee7t on7e a9a2n to an; o6Ee7t2on4 t5at t5e 72t; attorne;
an$ 5e ,295t 5a#e to t5at e#2$en7e on7e t5e t:o of ;o* 5a#e 4*6,2tte$ ;o*r re4+e7t2#e
7a4e4 I :233 a33o: 6ot5 of ;o* to ,a>e 73o42n9 ar9*,ent4 on7e 7on73*$e$ t524 7o*rt
:233 ren$er a $e7242on a4 ;o*r 9*23t for ;o*r 2nno7en7e $o *n$er4tan$M
Co*9532n: I $o 5a#e a 8*e4t2on Yo*r Honor" Yo* ,ent2one$ t5at I :o*3$ 6e a63e to
+re4ent e#2$en7e 2f t5at e#2$en7e 24 6e2n9 :2t55e3$ fro, ,e at t524 +o2nt an$ 2t04
+en$2n9 t5e re4o3*t2on of a ,ot2on for ret*rn of +er4ona3 +ro+ert; 2n C*4t27e Co*rt I
:o*3$ 6e +re73*$e$ fro, a7t2on a77e442n9 t5at e#2$en7eM
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: I0#e r*3e$ on t5at a3rea$; 5a#e I notM
Co*9532n: It 4o*n$e$ 32>e ;o* 4a2$ 2t $2$n0t ,atter"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: I $on0t f2n$ t5at 2t04 re3e#ant to 9o for:ar$ :2t5 t5e tr2a3 to$a;"
Co*9532n: 4o 2f I 5a#e #2$eo e#2$en7e of reta32ator; 2ntent 6; 1a3AMartM
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$:;o* 45o*3$0#e 6ro*95t 2t :2t5 ;o* to$a;"
Co*9532n: 6*t 2f 2t04 6e2n9 :2t55e3$ 2,+er,244263; *n$er t5e 3a:M
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Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: :e are 9o2n9 for:ar$ to$a; I 5a#e a$$re44e$ t5e 244*e ;o* 7an
6r2n9 2t *+ on a++ea3 2f ;o* fee3 t5at t5e $e7242on of t5e Co*rt 24 2,+ro+er *n$er4too$M
Co*9532n: Ye4 S2rYo*r Honor"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: Mr" Co*9532n 3et4 ;o* an$ I 5a#e an a9ree,ent to$a; t5at :e
:233 6e re4+e7tf*3 of one anot5er ;o* 7an ten$er an; o6Ee7t2on4 t5at ;o* ,a; 5a#e I $o
not :ant ;o* to 6e re+et2t2o*4 2f ;o* ,a$e an o6Ee7t2on or a +re4entat2on an$ I0#e r*3e$
on 2t eD7e+t t5at an$ 3et04 ,o#e on" Do :e 5a#e an *n$er4tan$2n9M
Co*9532n: I $o 5o:e#er to t5e eDtent t5at ;o*0#e to3$ ,e t5at ,; 32fe an$ 7areer are not
:ort5 a 7ont2n*an7e 6e7a*4e 2t ,295t 7o4t a 1a3AMart a44o72ate anot5er tr2+ to t5e
7o*rt 5o*4e I $on0t 4ee :5ere :e are 6e2n9 re4+e7tf*3 of ,eYo*r Honor"
=B:B' PM)
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: Ver; 9oo$ +3ea4e +ro7ee$"
Ro6ert4: Yo*r Honor 7an I 2n#o>e eD73*42onar; r*3e a4>e$ T5o,a4 Front2no"
Co*9532n: Yo*r Honor ,a; I E*4t 2nterEe7t an$ a$$re44 a 7o*+3e +re32,2nar; ,ot2on4
2n 32,2ne an$ eD73*42onar; ,ot2on4M
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: 15atM
Co*9532n: I a4> t5at an; of t5e $247o#er; t5at t5ere Reno C2t; Attorne;4 +ro#2$e$ 6e
eD73*$e$ *n$er t5e, ,ot2on 2n 32,2ne? eD73*42onar; r*3e an$ t5at :e f*33; 6r2ef t5e
244*e4 t5ere an$ 2f 6efore an; 4*75 4*75 $247o#er; 24 a$,2tte$ 2nto e#2$en7e"
Ho:ar$: 15at 24 ;o*r ,ot2on 2n 32,2neM
Co*9532n: to eD73*$e t5e t5e :r2tten 4tate,ent4 of Mr" Front2no an$ t5e
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: On :5at 6a424M
Co*9532n: t5at t5e 4ear75 :a4 #2o3at2#e of t5e Fo*rt5 A,en$,ent"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: C2t; a re4+on4eM
Ro6ert4: I t52n> 5e nee$4 to art27*3ate 5o: t5e; 2n#o>e t5e Fo*rt5 an$ F2ft5
aA,en$,ent4 rat5er t5an E*4t ,a>e 6a3$ a44ert2on t5at t5e;0#e #2o3at2#e"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: 1e33 I a, 9o2n9 to $en; ;o*r re8*e4t"" NRS <'."&<B@ ,ot2on4
are re8*2re$ to 6e ,a$e +r2or to tr2a3 ;o* fa23e$ to $o t5at 2n :r2tten for, an$ I a, not
9o2n9 to 7on42$er t5e, at t524 +o2nt 2n t2,e 6e7a*4e t5ere 5a#e t5e o6#2o*4 effe7t of
7ont2n*2n9 t524 +re7e$2n9 to$a; an$ I t52n> t5at04 :5at ;o*0re 9o2n9 after"
Co*9532n: an$ I033 E*4t 2nterEe7t an o6Ee7t2on"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: I $on0t :ant to 5ear an;t52n9 f*rt5er 2t4 $en2e$"
Co*9532n: I nee$ to enter ,; o6Ee7t2on4 for t5e re7or$"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: Mr" Co*9532n I 5a#e 92#en ;o* fa2r :arn2n9 2f ;o* 7ont2n*e to
+er424t 2n t524 32ne of +erfor,an7e I0, 9o2n9 to 5o3$ ;o* 2n 7onte,+t =B:B% PM)
Co*9532n: I :on0t 6e 6*332e$ 2nto not enter2n9 ,; o6Ee7t2on4 on t5e re7or$"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: T524 ,atter :233 6e 7ont2n*e$ 6e7a*4e ;o*0re 9o2n9 to 6e +3a7e$
2n 7*4to$; no: ;o*0#e 6een 92#en fa2r :arn2n9 3et04 +ro7ee$"
Co*9532n: Yo*r Honor ,a; I enter ,; o6Ee7t2on4 2n t5e re7or$ to +re4er#e t5e, for t5e
re7or$ on a++ea3M
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: Go a5ea$"
Co*9532n: It 4ee,4 a4 t5o*95 ;o*0#e E*4t to3$ ,e t5at I ,a; not 6e7a*4e ;o* E*4t to3$
,e ;o* are 9o2n9 to 5a#e to 6e arre4te$ 2f I $o 4o I a, a 32tt3e 47are$ to $o t5at at t524
+o2nt Yo*r Honor an$ I ,o#e for ;o*r re7*4a3 fro, t524 7a4e on t5at 6a424
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: $en2e$"
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Co*9532n: O>a;t5en 7an I enter ,; o6Ee7t2on4 for t5e re7or$ an$ 4tate t5e 6a424 for ,;
o6Ee7t2on4 for t5e ,ot2on4 2n 32,2neM
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$:Mr" Co*9532n: 3et04 +ro7ee$ ,a>e ;o*r o6Ee7t2on4 on t5e re7or$
no: 9o a5ea$"
Co*9532n: O>a; I $on0t ,ean to +ro#2$e a rea4on to 9et an9r;"" T5o4e ,ot2on4 :ere
4*6,2tte$ I 6e32e#e I 5a#e 4*6,2tte$ t5o4e ,ot2on4 2n :r2t2n9"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: an$ t5e; 5a#e 6een $en2e$"
Co*9532n: :e33 2t 4ee,e$ a4 t5o*95 a 4e7on$ a9o Yo*r Honor 4a2$ t5at t5e; 5a$ not
6een 4*6,2tte$ 2n :r2t2n9
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: A33 r295tW =+o*n$4 f24t on $e4> ,a>2n9 #er; 3o*$ 4o*n$
7o*rtroo, ,27ro+5one ,a3f*n7t2on4 :2t5 fee$6a7> for a +er2o$ of t2,e )
=B:(.:.-: +",")
Co*9532n: f*rt5er t5ere 24 a 7oer72#e atte,+t to +ro7*re 7on4ent to a 4ear75 6a4e$ *+on
not 7on4ent2n9" Pro6a63e 7a*4e :a4 6*ttre44e$ *+on a fa23*re to not 7on4ent to 4ear75
:5275 a4 ;o* 4tate$ ear32er Yo*r Honor a44ert2n9 one04 F2ft5 A,en$,ent or Fo*rt5
A,en$,ent r295t 7annot 6e *4e$ to 2nfer e#2$en7e of 9*23t or to 6*ttre44 a +ro6a63e
7a*4e f2n$2n9 for a 4ear75 +art27*3ar3; for a 4ear75 t5at o77*r4 +r2or to arre4t"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: an;t52n9 f*rt5erM
Co*9532n: I $o"" I a, terr263; 45a>en 6; :5at ;o* 4a2$ to ,e S2r an$ 2t04 affe7te$ ,;
a6232t; to 7on7entrate r295t no: an$ $efen$ ,; 7a4e 92#en t5e . to -. 2n one 4e7on$
a++roa75 t5at I 5a#e :2tne44e$ ;o* ta>e :2t5 ,e to$a; 2n ter,4 of t5reaten2n9 ,e :2t5
7onte,+t *+on t5e f2r4t atte,+t I 6e32e#e I ,a$e to +re4er#e an$ o6Ee7t2on4 for t5e
re7or$ f*rt5er I 6e32e#e ,; ,ot2on for re7on42$erat2on t5e $en2a3 of a++o2nte$ 7o*n4e3
6*t 2t :a4 ne#er r*3e$ on" T5ere 24 a S2Dt5 A,en$,ent r295t to 7o*n4e3 :5ere t5e
+o4426232t; of Ea23 t2,e 24"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: ;o*r 2n2t2a3 ,ot2on 5a4 6een +re#2o*43; $en2e$" I033 $en; 2t
a9a2n 2n re9ar$ to ,ot2on for 7o*n4e3 I033 $en; 2t a9a2n for t5e re7or$ t5at 24 fo*n$e$
*+on S7ott #er4*4 I332no24 :5275 5e3$ t5at :5ere an 2n$29ent 2n$2#2$*a3 a4 ;o* 73a2,
;o* are 24 not 9o2n9 to 6e 4enten7e$ to Ea23 t2,e t5ere 24 no re8*2re,ent of t5e
a++o2nt,ent of 7o*n4e3"
B:&':(( +,
Ro6ert4: After ;o* 2$ent2f2e$ ;o*r4e3f a4 1a3AMart a44et +rote7t2on :5at $2$ ;o* 4a; to 52,
T5o,a4 Front2no: I 2$ent2f2e$ ,;4e3f a4 a44et +rote7t2on an$ t5at I nee$e$ to ta3> to 52, a6o*t 4o,e
2te,4 t5at 5e 5a$ ta>en fro, o*r fa7232t;"
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: An$ $2$ 5e 4a; an;t52n9 to ;o* at t5at t2,e:
T5o,a4 Front2no: He +reten$e$"""He $2$ not 4a; an;t52n9 5o:e#er 5e $2$ 7o,e :2t5 *4 6a7> 2nto t5e
4tore
B:&/:(( +,
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Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: D2$ ;o* +3a7e Mr" Co*9532n 2n 7*4to$; $2$ ;o* +3a7e 5an$7*ff4 on
52, at t5at t2,eM
T5o,a4 Front2no: No :e $2$ not to*75 52, 2n an; :a; He :a4 42,+3; fo33o:2n9 o*r $2re7t2on4 at
t5at +o2nt"
B:&%:(<
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: 15en ;o* :ere :a3>2n9 Mr" Co*9532n 6a7> to t5e AP Off27e :a4
5e 2n 5an$7*ff4M
T5o,a4 Front2no: No 5e :a4 not"
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: an$ :ere ;o* e47ort2n9 52, 2n an; :a; $2$ ;o* 5a#e ;o*r ar,
aro*n$ 52, 2n an; :a;M
T5o,a4 Front2no: No :e $2$ not"
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: On7e ;o* :ere 2n t5e AP off27e $2$ ;o* a4> 52, an; 8*e4t2on or
5a#e f*rt5er $247*442on"
T5o,a4 Front2no: I a4>e$ 52, a6o*t t5e 2te,4 5e 7on7ea3e$ an$ 5e ref*4e$ to 7oo+erate an; f*rt5er
:2t5 o*r 2n#e4t29at2on""""He E*4t 7ont2n*e$ to 4a; t5at 5e $2$n0t $o 2t :5en I a4>e$ 52, a6o*t t5e 7an$;
6ar an$ 7o*95 $ro+4"
B:@.:&'
Za75 Co*9532n: O6Ee7t2on Be4t E#2$en7e R*3e :5; re3; on Front2no04 #a9*e re7o33e7t2on4 rat5er t5an
*4e an; of t5e #2$eo ta+e"
B:@<:<%:
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: D2$ ;o* a4> Mr" Co*9532n an; ,ore 8*e4t2on4 re3e#ant to t524
42t*at2onM
T5o,a4 Front2no: I a4>e$ 52, for 524 2nfor,at2on 4o :e 7o*3$ enter 2t 2nto o*r 4;4te,"
B:@B
ar9*e a6o*t eD73*42onar; r*3e re9ar$2n9 :2tne44 HaL3ettASte#en4 2n t5ere :at752n9 ,ent2on Ho:ar$
,a$e a :o,an 3ea#e ear32er a33 :2tne44e4 are ,a3e et7"
B:@B:B@ +,
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: 15at 4+e72f27 2nfor,at2on $2$ ;o* a4> of Mr" Co*9532nM
T5o,a4 Front2no: I$ent2f27at2on 524 na,e 62rt5 $ate 4o72a3 4e7*r2t; n*,6er"
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: An$ $2$ 5e +ro#2$e an; of t5at 2nfor,at2on to ;o*M
T5o,a4 Front2no: No 5e $2$ not"
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: Ba4e$ *+on 524 *n:2332n9ne44 to +ro#2$e t5at 2nfor,at2on $2$ ;o*
ta>e an; f*rt5er a7t2onM
T5o,a4 Front2no: Ye4 :e 7a33e$ t5e +o327e t5e Reno S+ar>4 In$2an Co3on; Tr26a3 Po327e
De+art,ent" T5e; *4*a33; arr2#e :2t52n ten ,2n*te4 I 6e32e#e ,; 4tate,ent ref3e7t4 2t :a4 3e44 t5an
t5at"
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: 1ere ;o* +re4ent :5en t5e Off27er4 $e72$e$ to +*t 5an$7*ff4 on
Mr" Co*9532n
T5o,a4 Front2no: Ye4"
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Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: Pr2or to +3a72n9 t5e 5an$7*ff4 $2$ ;o* o64er#e t5e Off27er4 +3a7e
t5e2r 5an$4 2n Co*9532n04 +o7>et4M
T5o,a4 Front2no: No"
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: 15at :ere t5e 2te,4 ;o* 6e32e#e Mr" Co*9532n 5a$ ta>en fro,
1a3AMartM
T5o,a4 Front2no: 75o7o3ate 6ar an$ t:o +a7>a9e4 of 7o*95 $ro+4"
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: :ere ;o* a63e to re7o#er t5o4e 2te,4"
T5o,a4 Front2no: U5 5e 7on4*,e$ t5e 75o7o3ate 6ar an$ 5e 7on4*,e$ 4o,e of t5e 7o*95 $ro+4 a4
:e33 6*t :e :ere a63e to 9et t5e +a7>a92n9 to e#er;t52n9"
Za75 Co*9532n: O6Ee7t2on fo*n$at2on
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: Den2e$
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: D2$ ;o* re7o#er t5e +a7>a92n9 for t5e 7o*95 $ro+4M
T5o,a4 Front2no: Ye4 I $2$"
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: So ;o* :ere a63e to te33 :5at t;+e of 7o*95 $ro+ 2t :a4M
Za75 Co*9532n: O6Ee7t2on fo*n$at2on"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: O#err*3e$"
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: $2$ ;o* re7o#er t5e 7an$; 6ar :ra++er t5at :a4 a44o72ate :2t5 t5e
7an$; 6ar ;o* 4a: Mr" Co*9532n 7on4*,eM
T5o,a4 Front2no: Ye4 I $2$ an$ +re+are$ a re7e2+t to 2n$27ate :5at t5e; #a3*e of t5o4e 2te,4 are 6;
ta>2n9 t5e eDa7t :ra++er of t5e 2te, an$ +re+ar2n9 a tran2n9 re7e2+t 4o :e 7an 9et t5e eDa7t #a3*e of
:5at t5e; 4e33 for 2n Reno
B:@-:@%
Za75 Co*9532n: O6Ee7t2on 5ear4a;
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: O#err*3e$W D2$ ;o* 5ear ,e S2rM D2$ ;o* 5ear t5atM
B:@':<'
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: D2$ ;o* a7t*a33; 7on$*7t t5e 47ann2n9 of t5o4e 2te,4 to 7reat t5e
tra2n2n9 re7e2+t
T5o,a4 Front2no: I $on0t 5a#e a 7a452er n*,6er 4o I 9o :2t5 t5e, an$ 4tan$ :2t5 t5e, an$ :at75
:523e t5e; 47an t5e 2te,4 to 7reate t5e re7e2+t =75e7> t5e ta+e to 4ee)"
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: So ;o* a7t*a33; o64er#e t5e, 9o2n9 t5ro*95 t5e ,ot2on of
47ann2n9 t5e 2te,4 an$ +re+ar2n9 t5e re7e2+tM
T5o,a4 Front2no: Ye4 I $o"
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: 1245 to enter a4 ED5262t < t5e re7e2+t
Za75 Co*9532n: O6Ee7t2on: fo*n$at2on an$ a*t5ent27at2on 6e4t e#2$en7e r*3e
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: $en2e$"
T5o,a4 Front2no: 2$ent2f2e4 2t a4 a tra2n2n9 re7e2+t :2t5 a 324t of 2te,4 :5275 5e 7on4*,e$ or re,o#e$
fro, t5e fa7232t; 2n73*$2n9 t5e 75o7o3ate 6ar an$ t5e 7o*95 $ro+4 I 5a#e t5e a7t*a3 re7e2+t :2t5 ,e
an$ t5at +5oto7o+; 24 7on424tent :2t5 2t"
Za75 Co*9532n: o6Ee7t2on 6a424 of 3a7> of fo*n$at2on a*t5ent27at2on 6e4t e#2$en7e r*3e 5e 24 not
8*a32f2e$ to te4t2f; :2t5 re9ar$ to t5e 6*42ne44 +ra7t27e4 of 524 e,+3o;er 2n t524 +art27*3ar
72r7*,4tan7e re3e#an7; to :5at eDtent 24 t524 +ro6at2#e"
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M An;t52n9 fro, Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: on E*r24$27t2onM In$2an Co3on; 3an$ an;one :2t5
a $ro+ of tr26a3 63oo$ ,*4t 6e tr2$e 2n tr26a3 7o*rt"
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: He +er4ona33; o64er#e$ t524 $o7*,ent 6e2n9 +ro$*7e$ 6; t5e
,a752n9 an$ 4a: t5e 2te,4 t5at 5e 4a: 7on4*,e$ or 4to3en 6; t5e $efen$ant 47anne$ 2nto t5e re924ter"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: O6Ee7t2on o#err*3e$ a$,2tte$"
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: no f*rt5er 8*e4t2on4 of t524 :2tne44
Cro44 of Front2no: (:.<:..
Za75 Co*9532n: Mr" Front2no :233 ;o* 4tate ;o*r 4o72a3 4e7*r2t; n*,6er for t5e re7or$"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: 5e $oe4n0t 5a#e to +ro#2$e t5at"
Za75 Co*9532n: Yo*r Honor I $o not 6e32e#e ;o* are +ra7t272n9 3a: on 6e5a3f of t5e C2t; Attorne;04
Off27er 5e"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: 6efore 5e 4+ea>4 524 44n 2nto t5e re7or$"""I a, 9o2n9 to +re#ent 2t
Za75 Co*9532n: o6Ee7t2on to t5e 7o*rt04 4*a 4+onte +ra7t272n9 3a: on 6e5a3f of t5e 72t; attorne;04
off27e"
Za75 Co*9532n: Mr" Front2no $2$n0t ;o* 5a#e a 4o72a3 4e7*r2t; n*,6er on a +2e7e of +a+er :2t5 ,;
na,e on 2t +r2or to t5e +o327e arr2#2n9M =(:.B:.')
T5o,a4 Front2no: I $o not re7a33"
C:So 2n ;o* LP roo, $2$ ;o* 5a#e an; +2e7e of +a+er :2t5 :5at ;o* t5o*95t :a4 ,; na,e 4o72a3
4e7*r2t; n*,6er or ot5er +er4ona33; 2$ent2f2a63e 2nfor,at2on a3rea$; f233e$ o*t"
T5o,a4 Front2no: At t5e t2,e ;o* 5a$ on3; 92#en *4 ;o*r na,e t5at :a4 2t"
Za75 Co*9532n: O6Ee7t2on non re4+on42#e"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: Yo* a4>e$ t5e 8*e4t2on ;o* 9ot a re4+on4e ;o*r o6Ee7t2on o#err*3e$ $en2e$"
Za75 Co*9532n: 4o are ;o* 3;2n9 :5en ;o* 4a; I +ro#2$e$ ;o* ,; na,eM
Za75 Co*9532n: So E*4t to 6e 73ear ;o* are 4tat2n9 5ere *n$er +ena3t; of +erE*r; *n$er oat5 t5at +r2or
to t5e +o327e arr2#2n9 ! gave you my name?
T5o,a4 Front2no: I a, 4a;2n9 t5at :e $2$ not 5a#e t5e e#2$en7e re8*2re$""" :e $2$ not 5a#e t5e
2nfor,at2on re8*2re$ 4o :5et5er ;o* 9a#e ,e ;o*r na,e or not :a4""":a4 not t5e +o2nt ;o* :ere
*n7oo+erat2#e an$ t5at 24 :5; :e not2f2e$ +o327e"
Za75 Co*9532n: O>a; E*4t a 4e7on$ a9o ;o* te4t2f2e$ t5at I 9a#e ;o* ,; na,e +r2or to t5e +o327e
arr2#2n9 no: 2t 4ee,4 ;o* are 6a7>2n9 off of t5at a 32tt3e 62t Mr" Front2no"""an$ ;o* are 4,232n9
smugly.
T5o,a4 Front2no: I $on0t re,e,6er :5et5er ;o* 9a#e ,e ;o*r na,e or not at f2r4t I >no: ;o* $2$
not 92#e ,e t5e 2nfor,at2on re8*2re$ for *4 to 7o,+3ete o*r 2n#e4t29at2on t5at 24 :5; +o327e :ere
not2f2e$"
Za75 Co*9532n: O>a; 4o ;o* E*4t 32e$ ear32er :5en ;o* 4a2$ F;e4 for 4*reG I 9a#e ;o* ,; na,e +r2or
to t5e +o327e arr2#2n9 an$ t5at ;o* $2$n0t a3rea$; 5a#e ,; na,e on a +2e7e of +a+er an$ :5at ;o*
t5o*95t :a4 ,; 4o72a3 4e7*r2t; n*,6er :r2tten on a +2e7e of +a+er r295t t5ere on ;o*r $e4> 2n t5e
3o44 +re#ent2on off27eM 1ere ;o* 3;2n9 r295t t5ere Mr" Front2noM
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: O6Ee7t2on 7o,+3eD 8*e4t2on"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: It4 a 7o,+3eD 8*e4t2on 3et4 a4> a 8*e4t2on not a 4er2e4 of 8*e4t2on4 2n narrat2#e
for,"
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Za75 Co*9532n: 24 2t tr*e t5at ;o* E*4t te4t2f2e$ ear32er t5at ;o* $2$ not 5a#e ,; na,e :r2tten on a
+2e7e of +a+er 2n ;o*r off27e 2,,e$2ate3; *+on 6r2n92n9 ,e 6a7> to 2t"
T5o,a4 Front2no: I 6e32e#e I $2$ 5a#e ;o*r na,e 6*t I $o not re,e,6er 7on73*42#e3; :5et5er or
not"""I >no: t5at I $2$ not 5a#e eno*95 2nfor,at2on to 7o,+3ete ,; 2n#e4t29at2on"
Za75 Co*9532n: O>a; 4o ear32er :5en ;o* te4t2f2e$ t5at ;o* $2$n0t 5a#e ,; na,e on a +2e7e of +a+er
6*t t5en t5at t5e on3; :a; ;o* 9ot ,; na,e +r2or to t5e +o327e arr2#2n9 :a4 6; ,e offer2n9 2t ;o*
:ere 3;2n9M Un$er +ena3t; of +erE*r;M I $on0t >no: :5; ;o* are 4,232n9 S2rM T5ere04 not52n9 f*nn;
a6o*t +erE*r;"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: I $on0t 4ee t5at a4 a 4,23e 3et04 3et t5e re7or$ 6e 73ear"
T5o,a4 Front2no: I0, not 8*2te *n$er4tan$2n9 ;o*r 8*e4t2on +er5a+4" I a, 4a;2n9 t5at I $2$ not 5a#e
eno*95 2nfor,at2on to +ro7ee$ :2t5 ,; re+ort :2t5o*t not2f;2n9 +o327e"
Za75 Co*9532n: O>a; :e33 I033 E*4t :r2te t5e4e 8*e4t2on4 $o:n rea3 42,+3e"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: 24 t5at a 8*e4t2onM
Za75 Co*9532n: I a, ,a>2n9 2t a 8*e4t2on r295t 5ere"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: 15at ;o* are $o2n9 24 ;o* are 6e2n9 ar9*,entat2#e :5at I :ant ;o* to $o 24 a4>
52, 8*e4t2on4"
Za75 Co*9532n: 1ere ;o* 3;2n9 :5en ;o* 4a2$ ear32er t5at ;o* $2$n0t 5a#e :5at ;o* t5o*95t :a4 ,;
na,e
T5o,a4 Front2no: No I :a4 not 3;2n9 I 6e32e#e t5at I :a4 ,a>2n9 a 4tate,ent t5at I 4t233 6e32e#e :a4
tr*e"""I 6e32e#e ;o* 9a#e ,e ;o*r na,e an$ on3; ;o*r na,e at t5e t2,e"
Za75 Co*9532n: O>a; 4o E*4t a ,2n*te a9o :5en ;o* 4a2$ Fno: I0, not 4*re :5et5er ;o* 9a#e ;o*
,e ;o*r na,e or notM 15275 24 2tM T5e ta+e of t524 te4t2,on; r295t 5ere :233 45o: t5at at f2r4t ;o*
4a2$ ;o* $2$n0t 5a#e ,; n,eM
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: t5ere 24 a 8*e4t2on 6efore 52, I 6e32e#e 3et04 4ee 2f 5e 7an a$$re44 2t"
T5o,a4 Front2no: 15at :a4 t5e 8*e4t2onM
Za75 Co*9532n: D2$ ;o* a3rea$; te4t2f; to$a; t5at ;o* $2$ not >no: ,; na,e :5en ;o* 6ro*95t ,e
6a7> to t5e LP roo,"
T5o,a4 Front2no: 15en I 6ro*95t ;o* 6a7> to t5e roo, no I $2$ not 5a#e ;o*r na,eM
Za75 Co*9532n: D2$ ;o* 5a#e a na,e t5at ;o* 6e32e#e ,295t 6e ,2neM
T5o,a4 Front2no: Ye4 6e7a*4e ;o* 9a#e *4 a"""a na,e 6*t :2t5o*t +ro+er 2$ent2f27at2on 2t 24 1a3A
Mart +o327; to 7a33 t5e +o327e"
Za75 Co*9532n: So no: ;o* are 4a;2n9 I 9a#e ;o* a na,eM
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: Yo*r Honor a4>e$ an$ an4:ere$"
Za75 Co*9532n: It4 6een an4:ere$ 2n 4e#era3 7ontra$27tor; :a;4"""
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: S*4ta2ne$ a4> anot5er 8*e4t2on"""
Za75 Co*9532n: At f2r4t 2t4 F;o* $2$n0t 92#e a na,eG t5en 2t4 F;o* 9a#e *4 a na,eG t5en 2t4 FI0, not
4*re 2f ;o* 9a#e a na,eG t5en 2t4 ;o* 4,232n9 4o,e ,ore"""
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: O6Ee7t2on Yo*r Honor 5e04 te4t2f;2n9"""
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: Mr" Co*9532n I 5a#e to3$ ;o* t5at I a, not 9o2n9 to a33o: ;o* to +re4ent
ar9*,ent at t524 t2,e 3et04 9et a3on9 :2t5 anot5er 32ne of 8*e4t2on4""
Za75 Co*9532n: O>a; 6*t I0, 7onf*4e$"""
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: Anot5er 32ne of 8*e4t2on4 t5e re7or$ 24 73ear"""
Za75 Co*9532n: Do ;o* re7a33 5a#2n9 a +2e7e of +a+er :2t5 a na,e t5at ;o* 6e32e#e ,295t 6e ,2ne on
;o*r $e4> 2,,e$2ate3; *+on 6r2n92n9 ,e 2nto :5at ;o* 7a33 t5e a44et +rote7t2on roo,M
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T5o,a4 Front2no: 15en :e 6ro*95t ;o* 6a7> 2nto t5e roo, o*r nor,a3 +ro7e$*re 24 to 9et o*t o*r
2nfor,at2on 7o33e7t2on for, an$ to 9et 2nfor,at2on fro, o*r 4*4+e7t :e a4>e$ ;o* ;o*r na,e a33 of
;o*r"""
Za75 Co*9532n: O6Ee7t2on Yo*r Honor I a, not a4>2n9 52, :a4 5e :a4 4ee>2n9 to 5a#e 7o33e7te$
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: 15at Mr" Co*9532n 24 a4>2n9"""2t4 ,; *n$er4tan$2n9 5e04 a4>2n9 ;o* 2f ;o* 5a$ a
+2e7e of +a+er on ;o*r $e4> :2t5 524 na,e on 2t :5en 5e :a4 6ro*95t 6a7> to t5e roo,M I4 t5at
7orre7tM
Za75 Co*9532n: 12t5 ,; na,e a3rea$; on 2t"
T5o,a4 Front2no: No""""=ner#o*4 3a*95ter fro, Front2no)""A64o3*te3; not"""I ,*4t 5a#e
misunderstood t5e 8*e4t2on 6efore 6*t a64o3*te3; no"
C:Yo* $2$n0t 5a#e a +2e7e of +a+er S2r :2t5 ,; na,e an$ 4o72a3 4e7*r2t; n*,6er on 2tM
T5o,a4 Front2no: A3rea$; on 2t :5en ;o* f2r4t entere$ t5e roo,M No"
Za75 Co*9532n: Yea5""";ea5"
T5o,a4 Front2no: A64o3*te3; not"
Za75 Co*9532n: D2$ ;o* 5a#e a +2e7e of +a+er :2t5 ,; na,e on 2tM
Za75 Co*9532n: So,et52n9 42,23ar to ,; na,e on 2tM
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: O6Ee7t2on 5o: :o*3$ 5e >no: :5at na,e 24 42,23ar to ;o*r4""
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: S+e7*3at2#e"""
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: S+e7*3at2#e ;e4
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: S*4ta2ne$"
Za75 Co*9532n: S2,23ar 2n ter,4 of one or t:o 3etter4 6e2n9 $2fferent o*t of B. or 4o 3etter4""
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: Mr" Co*9532n"""Mr" Co*9532n"""+ro7ee$ :2t5 anot5er 32ne of 2n8*2r;"
Za75 Co*9532n: O>a; $2$ ;o* 5a#e a +2e7e of +a+er :2t5 a na,e a3rea$; on 2t :5en ;o* 6ro*95t ,e
2nto t5e off27e"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: A4>e$ an$ an4:ere$"""$2$ ;o* 5ear :5at I E*4t 4a2$M
Za75 Co*9532n: I 6e32e#e t5at :a4 a $2fferent 8*e4t2on S2r" I $2$n0t a4> 2f 2t 5a$ ,; na,e I a4>e$ 2f 2t
5a$ FaG na,e on 2t"
T5o,a4 Front2no: T5ere 24 ot5er +eo+3e04 na,e4 on t5e $e4> 4o 75an7e4 :ere ;e4 t5ere :a4 anot5er
+2e7e of +a+er :2t5 4o,e6o$;04 na,e on 2t 4o,e:5ere on t5e $e4>"
Za75 Co*9532n: An$ ;o* 5a#e #2$eo of t524M
T5o,a4 Front2no: T5ere 24 #2$eo of t5e off27e at t5at t2,e"
Za75 Co*9532n: 1o*3$ 5a#e 5a#e t5o4e +2e7e4 of +a+erM
T5o,a4 Front2no: T5ere04 a 3ot of +a+er"""I $2$n0t >no: :5275 one ;o* :ante$ ,e to 6r2n9"
Za75 Co*9532n: So ;o* are 4a;2n9 *n$er oat5 t5at t5ere :a4n0t a +2e7e of +a+er :2t5 ,; na,e or a
na,e t5at 24 4*64tant2a33; 42,23ar to 2t 2n t5e off27e a3rea$; at t5e t2,e ;o* 6ro*95t ,e 2n t5ere"
T5o,a4 Front2no: 15en I 6ro*95t ;o* 2n o*r off27e t5ere :a4 no +2e7e of +a+er :2t5 ;o*r na,e on 2t
or a na,e t5at :a4 4*64tant2a33; 42,23ar"
Za75 Co*9532n: I :233 re,2n$ ;o* t5at ;o* are *n$er oat5 S2r" =(:<.:(' +,)
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: O6Ee7t2on 6a$9er2n9
Za75 Co*9532n: Yo*r Honor I0, *5"""I $o 5a#e re4+e7t for ;o* S2r" An$ I a, not tr;2n9 to :a4te t5e
Co*rt04 t2,e :2t5 t524 neDt 8*e4t2on 6*t I a, tr;2n9 to f29*re o*t :5at Mr" Front2no04 f2na3 te4t2,on;
24 :2t5 re9ar$ to :5et5er I offere$ 52, ,; na,e +r2or to t5e +o327e 9ett2n9 2t" Mr" Front2no 24 2t ;o*r
te4t2,on; t5at I offere$ ;o* ,; na,e +r2or to t5e +o327e arr2#2n9M
T5o,a4 Front2no: I $o not re,e,6er 2f ;o* 4+e72f27a33; 9a#e *4 ;o*r na,e at t5e t2,e"
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Za75 Co*9532n: D2$ ;o* te4t2f; ear32er to$a; t5at I $2$ 92#e ;o* ,; na,e +r2or to t5e +o327e arr2#2n9M
T5o,a4 Front2no: I 6e32e#e ;o* ,295t 5a#e 6*t I"""6*t I $o not re7a33 7on73*42#e3; eno*95 to 4a;
F;e4 for 4*re ;o* $2$G or Fno ;o* $2$ not 92#e *4 ;o* na,e 6efore t5e +o327e arr2#e$G"
Za75 Co*9532n: D2$ ;o* t52n> ;o* >ne: :5at ,; na,e ,295t 6eM
T5o,a4 Front2no: A64o3*te3; not"
Za75 Co*9532n: Pr2or to t5e +o327e arr2#2n9M
Za75 Co*9532n: D2$ ;o* te4t2f; ear32er t5at ;o* 5a$ 5a$ F+re#2o*4 2ntera7t2on4G :2t5 ,ean 2n$27ate 4o
2n ;o*r :r2tten 4tate,ent +ro#2$e$ to t5e +o327eM
T5o,a4 Front2no: I 5a$ 4een ;o* +re#2o*4 t2,e4"""
(:<B:.% +,
T5o,a4 Front2no: Ye4 I 5a$ 5a$ +re#2o*4 2ntera7t2on4 :2t5 ;o*"""I 5a$ ne#er 4+o>en to ;o* t5o*95"
Za75 Co*9532n: Ha$ ;o* 5a$ +re#2o*4 $247*442on4 :2t5 an; ot5er 1a3AMart e,+3o;ee4 or
4*+er#24or4 or 3o44 +re#ent2on or a44et +rote7t2on 2n$2#2$*a34M
T5o,a4 Front2no: Ye4 I 5a#e"
Za75 Co*9532n: D2$ ,; na,e e#er 7o,e *+M
T5o,a4 Front2no: No 2t $2$ not"
Za75 Co*9532n: Ho: $2$ ;o* refer to ,e an$ 5o: $2$ t5o4e 7oA:or>er4 refer to ,eM
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: O6Ee7t2on I $on0t >no: :5at 5e 24 ta3>2n9 a6o*t :5en $2$ t524
7on#er4at2on 5a++en :5o :a4 5e ta3>2n9 toM
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: O#err*3e$"
T5o,a4 Front2no: 1e 9enera33; referre$ to ;o* a4 t5e F3a+to+ 4:2t75erG *, for 4:2t752n9 RAM an$
5ar$ $r2#e4 an$ t52n94 32>e t5at"""
(:<(:(& +,
Za75 Co*9532n: an$ :5o ,a$e t5at 4tate,entM
T5o,a4 Front2no: a+ a44o72ate4 an$ e3e7tron274 a44o72te4 an$ e3e7tron274 a44o72ate4"
Za75 Co*9532n: :5at are t5e2r na,e4M
T5o,a4 Front2no: Stan3e; C*nn2n95a, an$ t5ere 24 anot5er fe,a3e :5o :or>4 2n e3e7tron274 Ce442e"
Za75 Co*9532n: Ce442e 15atM
T5o,a4 Front2no: I $on0t >no: 5ere 3a4t na,e" I 6e32e#e A3eD24 Tr*n$; :5o no: :or>4 t $2fferent
fa7232t;" M; 4*+er#24or Ant5on; R27>er4on"
Za75 Co*9532n: :5o 24 t5e 9ent3e,n :2t5 45a#e$ 5ea$ 4ee,4 to 6e ,;6e C*4to,er Ser#27e
Mana9er or an a4424tant 4tore ,an9er
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: :5at 24 t5e re3e#an7e to t524 32ne of 8*e4t2on2n9"
Za75 Co*9532n: :e33 t5e Ce442e t5at Front2no refer4 to """t5ere :a4 an 2n72$ent :5ere 45e a77*4e$ ,e
of 4o,et52n9 n$ t524 CSM or 4ern2or :a3,art ,ana9er 7a,e o#er an$ :a4 63e to #er2f; t5at 5er
a77*4at2on4 :ere *nfo*n$ or 6a4e3e44"
0o". 1$dge 0o*ard2 % do"3t see a"y rele)a"!e+ a"d yes+ ts 4s$a s&o"te5+ % ' "ot go"g to allo*
t(s l"e of ".$ry. Lets s&eed $& t(s &ro!ess+ as- a"ot(er .$esto""
,a!( Co$g(l"2 6es+ Sr+ o-ay+ 7$st .$!-ly+ state t(e ob7e!to"...0e s 'a-"g t(ese a!!$sato"s
t(at are &re7$d!al a"d to t(e e8te"t % (a)e a rg(t to reb$t t(e' % *s( to do so...
0o". 1$dge 0o*ard2 % (a)e r$led o" t already as- a"ot(er .$esto""
Za75 Co*9532n: O>a; 4o ;o* 5a$ a n27>na,e for ,e 6*t ;o* 5a$ no 2$ea :5at ,; na,e or 2$ent2f;
:a4M
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T5o,a4 Front2no: I 5a$ 4een ;o* 6efore an$ I 5a$ fo33o:e$ ;o* 6efore 6*t no no6o$; >ne: ;o*r
na,e t5at I >ne: of"
Za75 Co*9532n: an; no6o$; 5a$ a na,e t5at t5e; t5o*95t ,295t 6e ,2neM
T5o,a4 Front2no: I 7annot 4+ea> to :5at ot5er +eo+3e t5o*95tM B*t ;o* 7an te4t2f; a4 to :5at t5e;
to3$ ;o*
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: t5at :o*3$ 6e 5ear4a; ;o*r 5onorM
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: 4*4ta2ne$"
Za75 Co*9532n: Ha62t 5ear4a; eD7e+t2on 6*42ne44 +ra7t27e 7*4to, or +o327;"
(:<-:@'
T5o,a4 Front2no: on t5e $a; 2n 8*e4t2on Stan3e; C*nn2n95a, :a4 t5e on3; ot5er +er4on :or>2n9 for
a44et +rote7t2on"
Za75 Co*9532n: O>a; 4o 24 2t ;o*r te4t2,on; t5at 2,,e$2ate3; *+on ,; enter2n9 t5e 4tore ;o* 6e9an
to fo33o: ,eM
T5o,a4 Front2no: No I $2$ not 4a; t5at" I fo33o:e$ ;o* 2,,e$2ate3; *+on 4ee2n9 ;o* an$ fo33o:e$
;o* for a++roD2,ate3; 5a3f an$ 5o*r to an 5o*r an$ I +er4ona33; :2tne44e$ ;o* 4e3e7t o+en an$
7on4*,e a 7an$; 6ar an$ 4e3e7t o+en an$ 7on7ea3 t:o +a7>a9e4 of 7o*95 $ro+4"
Za75 Co*9532n: D2$ ;o* te33 t5e +o327e t5at n295t t5at ;o* +er4ona33; 4a: t5e a77*4e$ 7on4*,e t5e
7an$; 6ar 6*t ;o* $2$ ;o* fa23 to ,ent2on an;t52n9 a6o*t F+er4ona33; 4ee2n9G an;t52n9 :2t5 re9ar$ to
t5e 7o*95 $ro+4M
T5o,a4 Front2no: I $2$ not fa23 to ,a>e t5at note to t5e, I 4to++e$ ;o* 4+e72f27a33; for t5e 7an$;
6ar 6e7a*4e after 7on4*,2n9 t5e 7an$; 6ar an$ 7on7ea32n9 t5e 7o*95 $ro+4 ;o* :ent 2nto t5e
6at5roo, :2t5 t5e 7o*95 $ro+4 :5275 +er 1a3AMart +o327; I 5a$ to t5en 4a; F:e33 I 7an0t 4to+ 52,
for t5e 7o*95 $ro+4 6e7a*4e ;o* 7o*3$ 5a#e f3*45e$ t5e 7o*95 $ro+4 ;o* 7o*3$ 5a#e $one :5ate#er
;o* :ante$ :2t5 t5e 7o*95 $ro+4 5o:e#er I 4to++e$ ;o* for t5e 7an$; 6ar an$ t5at 24 :5; I 4to++e$
;o*""" :e re7o#ere$ ,ore :a3,art ,er75an$24e 3ater" It $2$ not affe7t t5e 75ar9e 2n an; :a;"
Za75 Co*9532n: an; ;o* 4a; t524 :a4 a 7an$; 6ar"
T5o,a4 Front2no: 2t :a4 a 75o7o3ate"""4*64tan7e I 7an 92#e ;o* t5e eDa7t 2te, t5e re7e2+t 45o*3$ 6e
on 7a,era #2e: fro, :5en ;o* entere$ t5e AP off27e"
Za75 Co*9532n: an$ ;o* 4a; ;o* 4a: ,e 4e3e7t 2tM
T5o,a4 Front2no: I $2$ 4ee ;o* 4e3e7t 2t"
Za75 Co*9532n: fro, :5ereM
T5o,a4 Front2no: Fro, t5e 7an$; 243e"""fro,"""t5e 27e 7rea, en$7a+ an$ """t5e 7an$; 243e"
Za75 Co*9532n: 24 2t a 7an$; 243e or an 27e 7rea, 243eM
T5o,a4 Front2no: 2t4 t5e 4a,e"""+3a7e"""7*L t5ere04 t5e"""27e 7rea,""en$7a+"""t5at 5a4"""t5e 7an$; 243e"
Za75 Co*9532n: 7an ;o* 6e ,ore 4+e72f27 2n re9ar$ to :5ere 2n t5e 4tore ;o* 4a;"""
T5o,a4 Front2no: :5en ;o* enter t5e fa7232t; 2t4 a6o*t fo*r 243e4 4o a6o*t &. feet :5en ;o* +a44 t5e
re924ter4 ;o* 5an9 a 3eft an$ t5at04 :5ere a33 of o*r 7an$;At;+e 4*64tan7e4 are"
Za75 Co*9532n: T5e 7an$; 243eM En$7a+M 1a4 2t on an en$7a+M
T5o,a4 Front2no: Yo* 4e3e7te$ 2t fro, t5e 7an$; 243e t5ere4 t5e 27e 7rea, en$7a+ an$t5en t5e 7an$;
243e ;o* 4e3e7te$ 2t fro, t5e2r"
Za75 Co*9532n: 15at04 an Fen$7a+GM
T5o,a4 Front2no: It 7a+4 off t5e en$ of an 243e
Za75 Co*9532n: 4o ;o* are 4a;2n9 2t :a4n0t 4e3e7te$ fro, t5e 7an$; 243eM
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T5o,a4 Front2no: %3' say"g t *as sele!ted fro' t(e !a"dy sle. T5ere04 an 27e 7rea, en$7a+ 9o
3eft t5ere an$ t5en t5ere04 t5e 7an$; 243e"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: A3r295t I 5a#e 5ear$ eno*95 7ont2n*e :2t5 anot5er 32ne of 8*e4t2on2n9 :e 5a#e
5ear$ re+eate$3; t5at 5e o64er#e$ ;o* 4e3e7t 2t fro, t5e 7an$; 243e :5275 24 a34o a44o72ate$ :2t5 t5e
27e 7rea, 243e" He 5a4 eD+3a2ne$ to ;o* :5at an en$7a+ 24 3et04 9o for:ar$"
Za75 Co*9532n: I 6e32e#e t524 24 #er; +ro6at2#e Yo*r Honor"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: 15;M 15at04 t5e re3e#an7e"
Za75 Co*9532n: I 7an te33 ;o* S2r 6*t 2n or$er to
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: I :ant ;o* to eD+3a2n 2t r295t no: :5at04 t5e re3e#an7eM
Za75 Co*9532n: 2n Or$er to 5a#e ,; a6232t; to 2,+ea75 524 te4t2,on; Yo*r Honor t5ere 24 4o,e
3ee:a; t5at :o*3$ 6e 5e3+f*3 2n or$er to 5a#e 52, +*t 4o,e an4:er4 on t5e re7or$
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: 15at 24 t5e re3e#an7e of t524 32ne of 2n8*2r;"
Za75 Co*9532n: I 7an te33 ;o* t5at"""
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: If ;o* 7an0t 4tate 2t I a, 9o2n9 to ,a>e ;o* ,o#e on"
Za75 Co*9532n: I 7an 4tate 2t S2r 6*t to 4tate 2t 6efore I a, a63e to 9et 52, +*t 4o,e t52n94 on t5e
re7or$ 2,+a2r4 ,; a6232t; to 2,+ea75 52,"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: F2n$2n9 no re3e#an7e to t524 32ne of 2n8*2r; I a, not 9o2n9 to a33o: 2t"
Za75 Co*9532n: I :233 te33 ;o* t5e re3e#an7e""
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: I a, not 9o2n9 to a33o: 2t ,o#e onW
Za75 Co*9532n: Yo*r Honor I $2$n0t 4a; I :o*3$n0t re#ea3 t5e re3e#an7e""
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: Mo#e OnW I 5a#e 92#en ;o* e#er; o++ort*n2t; to re#ea3 t5e re3e#an7e of t524 32ne
of 2n8*2r;"""
Za75 Co*9532n: I $on0t 6e32e#e ;o* 5a#e Yo*r Honor"""
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: Yo* fa23e$ to $o 2t"""I a, not 9o2n9 to a33o: 2t
Za75 Co*9532n: I :233 4tate t5e re3e#an7e r295t no:"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: No 2t4 too 3ate no: ,o#e onW
Za75 Co*9532n: 1o:"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: 1e are not +3a;2n9 a 9a,e 5ere"
Za75 Co*9532n: 1o:"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: T5e neDt F1o:G t5at ;o* ,a>e 2n t5e4e +ro7ee$2n94"""*n$er t5e4e
72r7*,4tn7e4S2r I , te332n9 ;o* no: 2t $e,en4 t5e Co*rt I 5a#e 92#en ;o* e#er; 3ee:a; +o44263e
an$ ;o* 7ont2n*e to +*45 t5e 6*tton4 no:"""e2t5er ,o#e on"""a4> anot5er 8*e4t2on"
Za75 Co*9532n: Ye4 42r" So t5e 7an$; 6ar :a4 ta>en fro, t5e en$7a+ on t5e en$ of t5e 7an$; 243e
;o* 4a;M
T5o,a4 Front2no: No ;o* too> 2t fro, t5e 7an$; 243e"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: D2$ ;o* *n$er4tan$"""Ho3$ on"""D2$ ;o* *n$er4tan$ ,; a$,on245,ent a6o*t t524
32ne of 8*e4t2on2n9M
Za75 Co*9532n: I 6e32e#e 4o S2r"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: T5en :5; $2$ ;o* 9o r295t 6a7> to 2t an$ a4> a6o*t t5e 7an$; 6ar on t5e en$7a+
Za75 Co*9532n: I a, a4>2n9 52, a6o*t 2t for 2,+ea752n9 52, :2t5 re9ar$ to :5ere t524 8*ote *n8*ote
7an$; 6ar :a4 4e3e7te$ fro,
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: I $on0t :ant to 5ear an;t52n9 e34e a6o*t t5e en$7a+ or t5e 243e 3et04 9o for:ar$"
Za75 Co*9532n: I033 E*4t +re4er#e ,; o6Ee7t2on for t5e re7or$ Yo*r Honor Mr" Front2no 5a4 te4t2f2e$
*n$er oat5 t5at t524 F7an$; 6arG :a4 ta>en fro, an 27e 7rea, en$7a+ on t5e en$ of t5e 7an$; 243e 6*t
t5e #2$eo e#2$en7e :o*3$ 4*99e4t t5at 2t4 ta>en fro, 4o,e:5ere ent2re3; $2fferent t5at :o*3$ ten$ to
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*n$er,2ne Mr" Front2no04 te4t2,on; 2,+ea75 524 75ara7ter an$ e#er; ot5er fa7t*a3 a44ert2on 5e 5a4
,a$e 5ere to$a;"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: Do ;o* 5a#e t5at e#2$en7e 5ere to$a; 2n ;o*r +o44e442onM An4:er ;e4 or no"
Za75 Co*9532n: I a, not 4*re"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: Yo* $on0t >no: :5et5er ;o* 5a#e t5at e#2$en7e 2n ;o*r +o44e442onM
C:T5at04""""or :5et5er 1a3AMart :233 +ro#2$e 2t
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: Mr" Co*9532n ;o* are te332n9 ,e I :ant to 6e 73ear a6o*t t524 t5at ;o* are
*n7erta2n a4 to :5et5er ;o* +er4ona33; +o44e44 t524 #2$eo ta+eM
Za75 Co*9532n: I t5o*95 ;o* 4a2$ :5et5er I +o44e44 e#2$en7e t5at :o*3$ 2,+ea75 :5at 5e 4a2$ an$
te4t2f2e$ to a4 to :5ere t5e 7an$; 6ar :a4
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: are ;o* 2n +o44e442on of a #2$eo ta+e ;e4 or noM
Za75 Co*9532n: of a #2$eo ta+eM S2r I a, *n73ear on :5at ;o* are"""B*t 1a3AMart $oe4 5a#e
7a,era4 a33 o#er t5e 4tore 4o :5et5er or not I a, I :o*3$ t52n> 2t :o*3$ 6e fa2r3; ea4; for 1a3AMart
to 45o: :5ere t524 a33e9e$ 7an$; 6ar :a4 ta>en fro, an$ :5et5er t5at E26e4 :2t5 :5at Mr" Front2no
5a4 E*4t 4a2$"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: Mr" Co*9532n I a, 9o2n9 to 5o3$ ;o* 2n 7onte,+t at t524 +o2nt 2n t2,e I t52n>
t5at ;o* 5a#e $ero9ate$ t5e a*t5or2t; of t5e Co*rt :2t5 *n+rofe442ona3 7on$*7t re+eate$3; ;o*0#e
6een 92#en e#er; o++ort*n2t; to 5a#e t524 ,atter eD+e$2te$ an$ +ro7ee$ to tr2a3 an$ 5a#e a E*4t f2n$2n9
6*t ;o* 7ont2n*e to 2nterfere :2t5 t5at +ro7e44" I ,a>e a f2n$2n9 t5at ;o* are 9*23t; of $2re7t
7onte,+t I a, 9o2n9 to 5o3$ off :2t5 2,+o42t2on *nt23 t524 +ro7ee$2n9 24 re4o3#e$" A3r295t ;o* 7an
7ont2n*e ;o*r 32ne of 2n8*2r;"
Za75 Co*9532n: Yo*r Honor I nee$ to *4e t5e re4troo,"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: I 6e9 ;o*r +ar$onM
Za75 Co*9532n: I nee$ to *4e t5e re4troo,"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: 1e :233 ta>e a f2#e ,2n*te re7e44 I a, 9o2n9 to re,a2n 5ere on t5e 6en75"
Za75 Co*9532n: S2r I :233 6e 8*27>" =(:B-:@B +,)""""
=(:(@:@B +,)
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: 1e are 6a7> on t5e re7or$" Mr" Co*9532n 5a4 5a$ an o++ort*n2t; to *4e t5e
fa7232t2e4 an$ :e :233 +ro7ee$"
Za75 Co*9532n: T5an> ;o* Yo*r Honor Mr" Front2no are ;o* a:are of :5et5er or not ;o* :ere
6e2n9 ta+e re7or$e$ or #2$eo ta+e$"
T5o,a4 Front2no: Ye4 I a, t5ere04 7a,era t5ro*95o*t t5e 4tore an$ 429n4 3ett2n9 7*4to,er4 >no:
t5e; are 6e2n9 ta+e"
Za75 Co*9532n: So t5ere04 7a,era04 t5ro*95o*t t5e 4tore"
T5o,a4 Front2no: T5ere04 not 7a,era4 e#er;:5ere 2n t5e 4tore +r2,ar23; 2n 5295 t5eft or 4afet;
re3ate$ area4"
Za75 Co*9532n: 1a4 t5ere an; a*$2o ta+e ,a$eM
T5o,a4 Front2no: An$ $2$ ;o* or an;one a44o72ate$ :2t5 1a3AMart ,a>e an; a*$2o ta+e4 2n
7onne7$t2on :2t5 t524 42t*at2onM
Za75 Co*9532n: No"
(:(':B' +,
Za75 Co*9532n: D2$ 1a3AMart +ro#2$e #2$eo ta+e to M4" Ro6ert4M
T5o,a4 Front2no: I +ro#2$e$ e#2$en7e to M4" Ro6ert4
Za75 Co*9532n: In fa7t 2n ;o*r 4tate,ent 2n t5e $247o#er; +ro#2$e$ 6; t5e C2t; Attorne; ;o* 4tate$
t5at #2$eo e#2$en7e :o*3$ 6e 7o,+23e$M
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Za75 Co*9532n: an$ :5at $2$ ;o* +ro#2$e"
T5o,a4 Front2no: I +ro#2$e$ e#2$en7e fro, :2t52n t5e off27e"
Za75 Co*9532n: 6; t5at $o ;o* ,ean E*4t #2$eo e#2$en7e fro, t5e roo, 2n :5275 ;o* too> t5e
a77*4e$ to"
T5o,a4 Front2no: I too> #2$eo 2,a9e4 of t5e roo, to :5275 I too> t5e a77*4e$ to"
Za75 Co*9532n: C*4t t5at t5o*95M
T5o,a4 Front2no: E*4t t5at ;e4" T5at 24 a33 :e 7o,+23e$ ;e4"
Za75 Co*9532n: :5;M
T5o,a4 Front2no: 6e7a*4e t5e +r2,ar; t5e on3; re4on""":e $on0t 9enera33; re7or$ #2$eo for fo*rteen
$o33r +ett; 3ar7en; 2n72$ent4 *,""":e $2$ t5t 4+e72f27a33; t524 t2,e 6e7a*4e of a77*4t2on t5at :ere
,a$e to:ar$4 t5e off27er4"
Za75 Co*9532n: a77*4t2on4 6; :5o,M
T5o,a4 Front2no: a77*4t2on ;o* 5a$ ,a$e to:ar$ t5e off27er4""";o* 5a$ ,a$e a77*4at2on t5at t5e;
:ere ,a>2n9 an *n3a:f*3 4ear75 of ;o*r +er4on"
Za75 Co*9532n: 4+e72f27a33; :5at :a4 *n3a:f*3 a6o*t 2t"
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: O6Ee7t2on 7a334 for a 3e9a3 7on73*42on"
Hon: C*$9e Ho:ar$: 4*4ta2ne$ 4*4t2ne$
Za75 Co*9532n: I a, not a4>2n9 2t for t5e +*r+o4e4 of o6ta2n2n9 a 3e9a3 7on73*42on 6*t ,ere3; for
52, to re4tate :5at :a4 4a2$"
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: t5at04 not t5e :a; 5e a4>e$ t5at 8*e4t2on Yo*r Honor"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: a4> anot5er 8*e4t2on"
Za75 Co*9532n: Ye4 S2r Yo*r Honor" D2$ an;one 2n73*$2n9 ,;4e3f t5at :a4 2n t5at roo, t5at t2,e
4+e72f2; 2n an; :a; a4 to :5at :a4 2,+er,244263e a6o*t 4*75 a 4ear75M
T5o,a4 Front2no: No ;o* $2$ not"
Za75 Co*9532n: 4o ;o*r te4t2,on; 24 t5at a77*4t2on4 :ere ,a$e t5at t5e 4ear75 :a4 2,+er,244263e
T5o,a4 Front2no: 7orre7t
CK 6*t not52n9 ,ore 4+e72f27 :a4 4a2$M
T5o,a4 Front2no: no"
Za75 Co*9532n: :a4 t5ere an; 7o,,entar; a6o*t t5e 2,+er,244236t; of 7on$2t2on2n9 4ear75 6a4e$
*+on t5e fa23*re to 7on4ent to 4*75 4ear75M
Za75 Co*9532n: :e33 :o*3$n0t t5at 7ontra$27t4 :5at ;o* E*4t 4a2$ :2t5 re9ar$ to :5et5er an; 4+e72f274
:ere 4a2$ :2t5 re4+e7t to :5at :a4 2,+er,244263e a6o*t t5e 4ear75"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: I033 a33o: 2t"
Za75 Co*9532n: Mr" Front2no 2t 4ee,4 t5o*95 a9a2n t5at ;o*r te4t2,on; 7ontra$27t4 t5e te4t2,on;
;o* ,a$e not e#en t5ree ,2nt*e4 +r2or" =(:&.:(()"
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: 24 t5at a 8*e4t2on Yo*r HonorM
Za75 Co*9532n: I0, a4>2n9 52, to eD+3a2n"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: Sto+W" I :233 a33o: 2t" Do ;o* *n$er4tan$ 2tM
T5o,a4 Front2no: I 6e32e#e I $o *n$er4tan$ 2t" I 7an 9o t5ro*95 2t fro, t5e 6e92nn2n9 to en$ 2f ;o*
32>e" T5ere :a4 +o2nt 2n t2,e :5ere ;o* ,a$e an a77*4at2on t5at ;o* 5a$ not 92#en 7on4ent to
4ear75 an$ 2t :a4 at t5at t2,e t5at Off27er Cra:for$ 4a2$ ,a>e note an$ I 6e32e#e 2t4 2n ,; +o327e
4tate,ent t5at t5ere :a4 notat2on t5at ;o*r +o7>et4 :ere 4ear75e$ after ;o* :ere +3a7e$ *n$er arre4t"
Za75 Co*9532n: O>a; 7orre7t ,e 2f I0, :ron9 6*t t524 24 :5t I E*4t 5ear$ ;o* 4a; Ft5ere :a4 no
$2a3o9*e or 4+e72f274 ,ent2one$ a6o*t :5at :a4 2,+er,244263e a6o*t 4*75 a 4ear75 6*t t5en *+on
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f*rt5er 8*e4t2on2n9 ;o* 2n$27te$ t5t t5ere :a4 4o,e $2a3o9*e a6o*t 5o: 2t :a4 2,+er,244263e to
7on$2t2on t5e 4ear75 6a4e$ *+on t5e ref*4a3 to 92#e 7on4ent for t5e 4ear75 to *4e ref*4a3 to 92#e
7on4ent a4 a 6a424 for t5e 4ear75"
T5o,a4 Front2no: Yo* are 7o,+3ete3; ,24*n$er4tan$2n9 :5at I 4a2$ t5en"
Za75 Co*9532n: 1e33 I :o*3$ 4a; Fof 7o*r4e I a,G 6e7a*4e ;o* 5a#e 92#en t5ree $2fferent
7ontra$27tor; an4:er4"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: 6e2n9 ar9*,entat2#e 3et 52, re4on$ to t5e 8*e4t2on 9o a5ea$"
T5o,a4 Front2no: 7an ;o* re+eat t5e 8*e4t2on"
Za75 Co*9532n: 7an ;o* eD+3a2n 5o: 2t 7o*3$ not 6e 7ontra$27tor; for ;o* to or292na33; te4t2f; t5at
6a42n9 t5e +er,2442632; of t5e 4era75 *+on fa23*re to 92#e 7on4entto t5e 4ear75 :a4 not $247*44e$ an$
t5en ;o* te4t2f2e$ t5at 24 :a4 $247*44e$ an$ t5en no: ;o* are te4t2f;2n9 t5at 2t :a4n0t $247*44e$M
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: o6Ee7$2on 7a334 for a 7on73*42on"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: $o ;o* *n$er4tan$"
T5o,a4 Front2no: I $on0t t52n> I $o"
Za75 Co*9532n: :a4 t5ere a $247*442on re3ate$ to :5et5er 2t :a4 233e9a3 to 6a4e t5e 4ear75 *+on a
fa23*re to 7on4ent to a 4ear75 an$ ;o* 4a2$ ;e4"
T5o,a4 Front2no: I :233 re4+on$ a4 6e4t I a, a63e to" Per5a+4 2t4 6e4t to 4tart :2t5 t5e; a4>e$ 2f t5e;
7o*3$ $o a :ea+on +at $o:n 4ear75 ;o* 7on4ente$ to t5at t5e; $2$ an o*t42$e +at $o:n" After ;o*
6e7a,e non 7o,+32ant an$ *n7oo+erat2#e :2t5 t5e 2n#e4t29at2on an$ a4>e$ for an attorne; ;o* :ere
+3a7e$ *n$er arre4t" T5e; arre4te$ ;o* +*t 5an$7*ff4 on ;o* :5ate#er t5e; $o t5e; t5en e,+t2e$
;o*r +o7>et4 a4 t5e; $o :2t5 e#er; ot5er +er4on t5e; +*t *n$er arre4t at :5275 t2,e :e t5en
re7o#ere$ ,ore 4to3en ,er75an$24e :5275 :a4 t5e 7o*95 $ro+4"""It :a4 at t5at t2,e t5at ;o* 4a2$ I
$2$n0t 7on4ent to a 4ear75 ;o*r 7an0t I """I $2$n0t 92#e ;o* 7on4ent to 4ear75 ,e"
Za75 Co*9532n: Do ;o* fee3 Mr" Front2no t5at e#er t2,e I +*t fort5 to ;o* t5e 2n7on424ten7; an$
7ontra$27$t2on4 2n ;o*r te4t2,on; t5at ;o* re4+on$ 6; ta3>2n9 a6o*t t52n94 t5at are 7o,+3ete3;
*nre3ate$"
T5o,a4 Front2no: No 6e7a*4e I 6e32e#e t5at04 7o,+3ete3; re3ate$"
Za75 Co*9532n: no: :5at $2$ ;o* te33 t5e +o327e :5en t5e; arr2#e$"
T5o,a4 Front2no: I to3$ t5e +o327e t5at I 5a$ 4to++e$ ;o* for 45o+32ft2n9 t5e 75o7o3ate 2te, 6*t t5at I
a34o 6e32e#e$ ;o* 5a$ 7o*95 $ro+4 on ;o*r +er4on 6*t t5at I a34o 6e32e#e$ ;o* 5a$ 7o*95 $ro+4 on
;o*r +er4on 6*t t5at ;o* 5a$ 9one 2nto t5e re4troo, 6*t t5at I $2$ not 5a#e +o42t2#e e#2$en7e t5at ;o*
4t233 5a$ 4o,e 2n ;o*r +o44e442on e#en t5o*95 ;o* 5a$ 7on4*,e$ 4o,e an$ $24+o4e$ of t5e
+a7>a92n9 to t5e,"
=5ere Front2no 7ontra$27$t4 52,4e3f fro, 4enten7e to 4enten7e" He $oe4n0t 5a#e +o42t2#e e#2$en7e of
t5e 7o*95 $ro+4 6e2n9 :5atM Po44e44e$ 7on4*,e$M B*t 6; t5e neDt 4enten7e 5e 24 atte4t2n9 t5at
Co*9532n 5a$ F7on4*,e$G 4o,e F$24+o4e$ of t5e +a7>a92n9 to t5e,G" So :5ere 1a3AMart +o327;
a++arent3; :on0t 3et Front2no $o 4o,et529 :2t5 t5e 6at5roo, Front2no atte,+t4 to 3e#era9e t5e
+o327e for7e to $o t5at :5275 524 e,+3o;er04 +o327; for62$4M
Za75 Co*9532n: 5a#e ;o* $247*44e$ ;o*r te4t2,on; 5er to$a; :2t5 t5e t:o In$2an Co3on; Off27er4M
T5o,a4 Front2no: No I 5a#e not"
Za75 Co*9532n: :5ere ;o* 42tt2n9 :2t5 t5e, for a6o*t an 5o*r 6efore 7o*rtM
T5o,a4 Front2no: +ro6a63; for a6o*t 5a3f an 5o*r =(:&@:(@)"
Za75 Co*9532n: 1ere ;o* 3a*952n9 an$ Eo>2n9 to9et5erM
T5o,a4 Front2no: Ye4 :e :ere"
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01059
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C:are ;o* 73o4e to or $o ;o* 5a#e a +er4ona3 re3at2on452+ :2t5 t5o4e off27er4M
T5o,a4 Front2no: No I $o not 6*t t5ere are #er; fe: tr26a63 +o327e off27er4 4o :e ten$ to :or> :2t5
t5e, fa2r3; re9*3ar3;
Za75 Co*9532n: o>a; 4o ;o*r te4t2,on; 24 5ere *n$er +ena3t; of +erE*r;"""I $on0t >no: :5; ;o* are
4,232n9 t5at4 not #er; f*nn; ;o* :o*3$n0t a++re7f2ate 9o2n9 2nto an o+erat2n9 roo,an$ 4ee2n9 a
4*r9eon Eo>2n9 aro*n$M
T5o,a4 Front2no: I 5a#e E*4t 6een re,2n$e$ 4e#era3 t2,e4"
Za75 Co*9532n: Yo*r te4t2,on; 5ere to$a; 24 t5at ;o* +ro#2$e$ 4tate,ent4 6ot5 ora3 an$ :r2tten to
t5e t:o In$2an Co3on; off27er4 fro, t5e t2,e t5e; arr2#e$ *nt23 t5e t2,e t5e; 3eft t5at ;o* personally
:2tne44e$ 4o,et52n9 :2t5 re9ar$ to t5e 7o*95 $ro+4" 1a4 ;o*r te4t2,on; t5at ;o* to3$ t5e off27er4
t5at ;o* +er4ona33; :2tne44e$ t5e a77*4e$ $o2n9 4o,et52n9 :2t5 t5e 7o*95 $ro+4M
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: a4>e$ an$ an4:ere$"
Za75 Co*9532n: 2n ;o*r :r2tten 4tate,ent :5at $2$ ;o* 2n$27ate :2t5 re4+e7t to t5e 7o*95 $ro+4M
H I $on0tre,e,6er 2f I 5a$ t5e 4tate,ent :2t5 ,e ,a;6e2 t :o*3$"
Za75 Co*9532n: :5en t5e +o327e arr2#e$ on t5e 47ene $2$ ;o* ,a>e 4tate,ent4 to t5e +o327e re9ar$2n9
+re#2o*4 2ntera7t2on4 :2t5 t5e a77*4e$M
T5o,a4 Front2no: I 6e32e#e I $2$ ,a>e t5e 4tate,ent4 t5at I 5a$ fo33o:e$ ;o* 2n t5at +a4t t5at I 5a$
4een ;o* 2n t5e +a4t 4e3e7t an$ 7on4*,e a +a7>a9e of MXM04 t5at ;o* 5a$ a 3on9 4tan$2n9 524tor;
:2t5 t5e 4tore t5at o*r ,ana9e,ent 5a$ a3rea$; :ante$ to 5a#e ;o* tre4+a44e$ 6*t 5a$ t5at far fa23e$
to 5a#e an o++rot*n2t; to $o 4o"
Za75 Co*9532n: 1a4 t5e rea4on t5e; :ante$ to 5a#e t5e a77*4e$ tre4+a44e$ 6a4e$ *+on a reta32ator;
,ot2#e 2n 7onE*n7t2on :2t5 t5e a77*4e$04 atte,+t4 to 5o3$ 1a3AMart to t5e Ret*rn Po327; :5275 24
2n7or+orate$ 2nto a33 4a3e4 t5e; ,a>e an$ :5275 24 73ear3; an$ eD+re443; $24+3a;e$ 6ot5 2n t5e 4tore4
an$ on 1a3AMart04 :e642te"
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: I a, 9o2n9 to o6Ee7t 7a334 for 52, to 4+e7*3ate 2nto t5e ,2n$4 of t5e
,ana9er4 a4 to :5; t5e; :ante$ to tre4+a44 52,"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: Do ;o* >no: an;t52n9 a6o*t t5atM
T5o,a4 Front2no: I 7an 4+ea> to 4o,e of 2t fro, ,; 42$e te75n27a33; t5ere are t:o $2fferent
o+erat2on4 2n t5e 4tore t5ere are o+erat2on4 t5at $ea3 :2t5 7*4to,er4 an$ t5ere 24 a44et +rote7t2on
:5275 :e are te75n27a33; f2e3$ a4o72ate4 4o :e 5a$ o*r o:n rea4on4 for :ant2n9 to 5a#e ;o*
tre4+a44e$ fro, t5e fa7232t; 6a4e$ *+on o*r o:n $ea32n94 :2t5 ;o* :e ,ean2n9 ,; ,ana9er Ant5on;
R27>er4on Sean :5o 24 anot5er a442tant ,ana9er :5o 24 a:are of ;o* A3o$2a :5o 24 anot5er
a4424tant ,ana9er :5o 429ne$ ;o*r tre4+a44 for,"
Za75 Co*9532n: 15en ;o* 4a; :e are ;o* E*4t referr2n9 to 2n$2#2$*a34 :5o :or> :2t5 ;o* 2n ;o*r
+art27*3ar AP 9ro*+ or 2n ;o*r +art27*3ar 1a3AMart 4toreM
T5o,a4 Front2no: 1e $o 7o,,*n27ate 6et:een 4tore4 #2a e,a23 :e a33 5a#e a77e44 to t5e 4a,e
$ata6a4e 7a33e$ a+24 A P I S"
Za75 Co*9532n: D2$ ;o* 7o,,*n27ate a6o*t ,e :2t5 ot5er 4tore4 or $2$ an;6o$; e34e at ;o*r 4toreM
T5o,a4 Front2no: not to ,; >no: >no:3e$9e"
C: 4o 2f t5e 1e4t '
t5
St" 1a3,art ,a$e a reta32ator; t5reat to t5e a77*4e$ 2n 7onE*n7t2on :2t5 t5e
a77*4e$ +o2nt2n9 o*t t5at t5e ,ana9er4 :5o 5a$ 6een t5ere for o#er ten ;ear4 4ee, to 7on#en2ent3;
Ffor9etG t5e Ret*rn Po327; :5ene#er t5e n*,6er4 $on0t :or> o*t 2n a :a; t5at ,a>e4 t5e, 5a++; 24
t5at 4o,et52n9 ;o* :o*3$ 5a#e ne#er 6een 2nfor,e$ of
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: o6Ee7t2on re3e#an7e
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: :5at 24 t5e re3e#an7e of t524M
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Za75 Co*9532n: reta32ator; ,ot2#e 4+e72f27a33; for front2no or ot5er4 to 32e
T5o,a4 Front2no: I 9et +a2$"""
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: Ho3$ on 5o3$ on" O6Ee7t2on 4*4ta2ne$" I 5a#e 92#en ;o* a 9reat $ea3 of 3at2t*$e"
1e 5a#e 5a$ t524 :2tne44 te4t2f; for o#er an 5o*r" 1e are 9o2n9 ot 9et t5ro*95 t524 tr2a3 ton92t5" T5e
7o*rt 5a4 a +ero9at2#e to eD+e$2te t524 +ro7ee$2n9" In t5e f*t*re 2f ;o* 2n8*2re 2nto ,atter4 t5at are
not re3e#ant :5et5er or not t5e 72t; o6Ee7t4 I a, 9o2n9 to 7*t ;o* off"
Za75 Co*9532n: are ;o* a:are t5at an a+ a44o72ate fro, 1a3,art ,a$e t5reat4 to t5e a77*4e$ t5at 5e
:o*3$ reta32ate a9a2n4t t5e; a77*4e$ for tr;2n9 to a44ert 524 r295t4 *n$er t5e Ret*rn Po327; t5at
1a3,art +*t4 fort5 to 7*4to,er4 6; 5a#2n9 52, 6anne$ fro, a33 :a3,art4 an$ or ,a3272o*43;
+ro4e7*te$"
T5o,a4 Front2no: no ot5er t5an +re#2o*4 to 7o*rt t5at 4e#era3 t52n94 :ere ,ent2one$ 6efore t5at no"
=(:@(:&' +,)
Za75 Co*9532n: 4o ;o* ne#er 7o,,*n27ate$ a6o*t t5e a77*4e$ :2t5 an; ot5er :a3,art"
T5o,a4 Front2no: :e $on0t 7o,,*n27ate $2re7t3; t5ro*95 A+24 2t4 42,+3; a $ata6a4e" I 5a#e ne#er
re7e2#e a +27t*re or an e,a23 a6o*t ;o*"
Za75 Co*9532n: 5a#e ;o* fe3t an; +re44*re fro, ;o*r ,ana9er4 to reta32ate a9a2n4t 4o,eone ,a;6e a
$o7*,entar; f23,,a>er :5o 24 2n#e4t29at2n9
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: ;o* $on0t 5a#e to an4:er t5at 8*e4t2on t5at 24 2rre3#ant to t524 +ro7ee$2n9"
Anot5er 8*e4t2on"
Za75 Co*9532n: Do ;o* 6e32e#e ;o*r e,+3o;er reta32ate4 a9a2n4t 2n$2#2$*a34 :5o 452ne 3295t on t5e2r
e,+3o;er4 fa23*re to a62$e 6; t5e2r o:n Ret*rn Po327;M
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: o6Ee7t2on Re3e#ana7e
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: 4*4ta2ne$"
Za75 Co*9532n: 4o t5e 244*e of :5et5er 524 e,+3o;er 24 +re44*r2n9 52, to reta32ate 24 not re3e#ant
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: t5at4 r295t I $on0t f2n$ 2t re3e#ant a4> anot5er 8*e4t2onW
Za75 Co*9532n: 4o 4tan3e; 7*nn2n95a, :a4 on 6rea>M
T5o,a4 Front2no: ;e4 5e :a4 on 3*n75 6rea>"
Za75 Co*9532n: 4o r295t :5en t5e a77*4e 7a,e 2nto t5e 4tore ;o* 6e9an ta232n9 52, :a4 an;one
:at752n9 t5e f23,:523e ;o* :ere ta232n9M
T5o,a4 Front2no: no
Za75 Co*9532n: 4o no6o$;04 :at752n9 t5e #2$eo?f23,M 2t4 E*4t 6e2n9 re7or$e$M
T5o,a4 Front2no: 2t4 6e2n9 re7or$e$ 4o 2f 2t4 nee$ :e 7an 9o 6a7> to 2t an$ a78*2re 2t 2n 3ar9er 4tore4
:2t5 5295 t5eft t5at 5a#e +an t23t Loo, 7a,era4"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: 1e are E*4t 7on7erne$ :2t5 :5at 24 9o2n9 on 5ereW
T5o,a4 Front2no: o>a;"
Za75 Co*9532n: ;o*r 4tore $oe4 not 5a#e +an t23t Loo, 7a,era4M
T5o,a4 Front2no: no 42r"
Za75 Co*9532n: $2$ ;o* :at75 an; or atte,+t to :at75 an; #2$eo of :at75 ;o* a33e9e :a4 $one :2t5
t5e 7o*95 $ro+4M
T5o,a4 Front2no: no I $2$ not"
Za75 Co*9532n: :5; notM
T5o,a4 Front2no: 6e7a*4e I 9enera33; $on0t 6a4e$ *+on O<&".. $o33ar +ett; 3ar7en;"
Za75 Co*9532n: 6*t 2f ;o*r e,+3o;er 7o*3$ 9et 4*e$ for :ron9f*3 arre4t or $a,9e to one40
+rofe442ona3 re+*t2on 7o*3$nt 2t 6e7o,e 6299er 244*e t5n fo*rteen $o33ar +et2t 3ar7en;
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: 5e 5a4 an4:ere$ t5e 8*e4t2on a4 to :5; 5e $2$ not re#2e: t5e #2$eo ta+e:
Za75 Co*9532n: an$ I a, a4>2n9 a fo33o: *+ 8*e4t2on"
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Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: a4> anot5er 8*e4t2onWOYYOZYOZW I a, not 9o2n9 to a33o: t5at 8*e4t2onW It 5a4
no re3e#an7eWWWZ[X\YYOZY
Za75 Co*9532n: $o ;o* 5a#e an; $*t; to a47erta2n :5et5er or not t5e a33e9at2on ;o* ,a>e an$
:5et5er an; arre4t4 ;o* ,a>e are 6a4e$ 2n fa7t or 4*++orte$ 6; a$,244263e e#2$en7e
T5o,a4 Front2no: a64o3*te3;"
,a!( Co$g(l"2 does t(at d$ty "ot "!l$de bot(er"g to loo- at t(e )deo9
T5o,a4 Front2no: 2t $2$ not 5a#e an;t52n9 to $o :2t5 6ot5er2n9 to 3oo> at t5e #2$eo 2t 5a$ to $o ,ore
:2t5 3oo>2n9 at t5e +3a7e4 :5ere I >ne: ;o* 5a$ 4e3e7te$ to 7on7ea3 2te,4 t5ere not 6e2n9 4+e72f27
#2$eo e#2$en7e $o:n t5o4e 243e4 be!a$se *e do"3t (a)e a lot of sl& "!de"ts " t(e !a"dy sle+
*al'art ele!ts "ot to &$t a )deo !a'era " t(at sles.
Za75 Co*9532n: :5ere $o ;o* a33e9e$ ea75 2te, :a4 4+e72f27a33; 4e3e7te$ o+ene$ an$ t5en
7on7ea3e$"
T5o,a4 Front2no: T5e 7an$; 2te, ;o* 4e3e7te$ o+ene$ an$ 7on4*,e$ :523e :a3>2n9 aro*n$ t5e
4tore"
Za75 Co*9532n: 2t :a4 4e3e7te$ fro, an en$7a+ ;o* 4a2$ fro, t5e 7an$; 243e
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: o6Ee7t2on t5at :a4 not 524 te4t2,on;"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: t5at :a4 not 524 te4t2,on;"
Za75 Co*9532n: I0, 4orr; 7o*3$ I"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: no 2t4 a4>e$ an$ an4:ere$ 2f ;o* $on0t re,e,6er 2t ;o* 7an re#2e: t5e
tran47r2+t 3ater" Go for:ar$ :2t5 anot5er 8*e4t2on"
Za75 Co*9532n: o5 I033 6e re#2e:2n9 t5e tran47r2+t 3ater" 15ere :a4 t5e 7an$; 6ar 4e3e7te$M
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: Yo*r Honor a4>e$ an$ an4:ere$"
T5o,a4 Front2no: 2n t5e 7an$; 243e"
Za75 Co*9532n: 4o not on an en$7a+ 6*t 4o,e:5ere :2t52n t5e 243e 2t4e3f"
Za75 Co*9532n: t5e 7an$; 6ar :a4" 1a4 2t"""an$ :5at 2te, :a4 t5atM Yo* 4a; 2t :a4 a 7an$; 6arM
T5o,a4 Front2no: It :a4 a""";e4 2t :a4 a 75o7o3ate 2te, I 6e32e#e"""I 6e32e#e 2t 5a$ 7ara,e3 2n42$e 2t I
$2$n0t 2n4+e7t 2t 2t 5a$ a3rea$; 6een 7on4*,e$" I 5a#e a +27t*re of t5e :ra++er"
Za75 Co*9532n: an$ :e 5a#e a n*,6er for 2t a n*,6er for t5e 6ar 7o$e
T5o,a4 Front2no: t5e UPC ;e4 t5e 6ar 7o$e t5e n*,6er on t5e re7e2+t ;e4 t5at04 7orre7t"
Za75 Co*9532n: :o*3$ 2t 6e 7orre7t to 4a; on t5e re7e2+t 2t4 t5e t52r$ 2te, $o:n ,a9n$637r,3 n*,6er
..''@-'<(B/B
F: Ye4 t5at 24 7orre7t
C: o>a; 6*t ;o* $on0t >no: :5at eDa7t 2te, t5at 24"
F: U, 2t4 t5e 2te, t5at I 5a#e a +27t*re of r295t 5ere 6a4e$ *+on t5e UPC 7o$e *4*a33; I 7an $247ern
t5e,
C: He04 not enter2n9 t5at 2nto e#2$en7e at t524 +o2nt I $on0t 6e32e#e 4o I $on0t >no: 2f t5e Co*rt04
a77e+t2n9 2t
HK 2t 5a4n0t 6een offere$ ;et]
7: t5e 6a232ff too> 2t fro, t5e :2tne44 an$ 9a#e 2t to t5e E*$9e I033 note for t5e re7or$
f: no 5e 5a4 t5e re7e2+t
r: no 5e $2$n0t t5at04 not t5e 7orre7t re7or$ t5e $o7*,ent t5e C*$9e 5a4 24 ED5262t <"
C: H5 I0, 4orr; t5at :a4 not t5e +27t*re ,; ,24ta>e I0, 4orr; ;o* :ere ta3>2n9 a6o*t t5e +27t*re 4o
2t 4ee,e$ ;o* :ere
F: no 2t :a4 not t5e +27t*re
(:@%:@@
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01062
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&:..:.. +","
Za75 Co*9532n: o>a; 4o t524 :a4 ta>en fro, 4o,e:5ere 2n t5e ,2$$3e of t5e 7an$; 243e ;o*
+er4ona33; :2tne44e$ t5at r295t ;o* E*4t te4t2f2e$ to t5at 7orre7tM
T5o,a4 Front2no: t5at ;o* too> 2t fro, t5e 7an$; 243e ;e4 I 7o*3$n0t te33 ;o* 5o: far $o:n eDa7t3; I
$2$n0t +a7e 2t o*t"
Za75 Co*9532n: O5"""6*t o5"""o>a;""";o* 4a2$ ;o* F+er4ona33; e;e :2tne44e$G t524
T5o,a4 Front2no: ;e4 6*t I $on0t ta>e ,ea4*r2n9 ta+e4 after:or$4""""or"""
C:o>a; 6*t 9enera33; ;o* 7o*3$ 4a; Fr295t on t5e e$9e of t5e 243eG or F4o,e:5ere 73o4er to 5a3f :a;G"
So,et52n9 32>e t5at r295tM Be7a*4e ;o*""";o* are te332n9 *4"""
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: $o ;o* >no: eDa7t3; :5ere 2t :a4M =&:..:(()
T5o,a4 Front2no: Ye4 I $o"""2t :a4 fro,""""2t :a4 fro,"""t5e 7an$; 243e"
Za75 Co*9532n: o>a; 6*t 2t4 not a6o*t F:5ere 2t4 fro,G""":er0re 4a;2n9 *n$er +ena3t; of +erE*r; ;o*
are 4a;2n9 t5at ;o* F+er4ona33; e;e :2tne44e$G t5e
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: 24 t5ere a 8*e4t2onM
Za75 Co*9532n: ;ea5"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: :5ere 24 2tM
Za75 Co*9532n: I :ant to #er2f; :5ere $2$ 5e +er4ona33; e;e :2tne44 2t"
T5o,a4 Front2no: I :a4 4tan$2n9 at t5e en$ of t5e 243e an$ ;o* 4e3e7te$ 2t"
Za75 Co*9532n: :a4 I 4tan$2n9 r295t neDt to ;o*M
T5o,a4 Front2no: Of 7o*r4e not"
Za75 Co*9532n: o>a; t5en :e33 7o*3$ ;o* +3ea4e 6e a 32tt3e ,ore 4+e72f27"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: Co*3$ ;o* 6e ,ore 4+e72f27 a4 to :5ere 5e +27>e$ *+ t5e 2te,M
T5o,a4 Front2no: A33 of o*r"""I 6e32e#e 2t :a4 one of o*r n27er 75o7o3ate4 2t :a4n0t a Sn27>er4 or
an;t52n9 an$ 2t :a4 4e3e7te$ 2n t5at f2r4t & to / foot 4e7t2on 6e7a*4e ea75 4e7t2on 2t4e3f 24 fo*r feet 4o
2t :a4 4e3e7te$ fro, 2n t5ere"
Za75 Co*9532n: fro, t5e 7an$; 243eM
T5o,a4 Front2no: Ye4 ;o* 4e3e7te$ 4e#era3 2te,4 fro, t5e 7an$; 243e 4o,e of :5275 ;o* +*r75a4e$
4o,e of :5275 ;o* 3eft at t5e 7a45 re924ter"
Za75 Co*9532n: An$ ;o* are 4a;2n9 ;o* t5en 4a: ,e"""t5at +art27*3ar 2te, :5o4e 6ar 7o$e :5oe
6ar7o$e :e E*4t entere$ 2nto t5e re7or$ ;o* 4a: ,e o+en t5at an$ t5en 7on4*,e 2t"
T5o,a4 Front2no: I a, 4a;2n9 ;e4 I 4a: ;o* o+en 2t an$ 7on4*,e 2t" Yo* 5a$ a 4ta7> =&:.<:(@ +","K
Front2no 4tart4 to rea32Le 524 24 tota33; effe$ 5ere) of""""of""""7an$; 6ar4 an$ ot5er foo$ 2te,4 t5at ;o*
4e3e7te$ a 6*n75 of 2te,4 an$ +*t t5e, 2n ;o*r 7art an$ t5en ;o*"""" t5en""""4*,65""""
=:2;12:: &' Fro"t"o tr&s all o)er (s t(o$g(ts a"d *ords a"d $tters so'e .$as *ord *(le (e
tres to t("- (s *ay o$t of t(e s(t&" (e 7$st *al-ed ('self "to<
"""t 4e3e7te$ t5at one 2te, o*t of ;o*r 7ar an$ ;o* o+ene$ 2t an$ 7on4*,e$"
=&:.<:&% +,)
Za75 Co*9532n: O>a; an$ 2f t5at 2te, 24 a refrigerated 2te, :o*3$ 2t ,a>e an; 4en4e for 2t to 6e 2n
t5e 7an$; 243e :5ere t5ere 24 no refr29erat2onM
=&:.<:@/ +,)
T5o,a4 Front2no: T5ere"""t5ere 24 on t5e en$7a+" =O0+ GREAT /O%NT FRONT%NO+ TR6 TO
#R%NG T0E OL= EN=CA/ #AC> %NTO NO? T0AT 6OU NA%LE= 6OURSELF %NTO
T0E F%RST : #6 @ FOOT SECT%ON S/EC%F%C%T6 6OU REAC0E= FOR
EARL%ERA<...t5at t5at""""t5at"""t5at04 ,; +o2nt""";o* 4e3e7te$ a 3ot of 2te,4 an$ +*t t5e, a33 $o:n"
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Za75 Co*9532n: B*t ;o*r te4t2,on; *n$er oat5 *n$er +ena3t; of +erE*r; :a4 t5at ;o* 4a: t5e a77*4e$
ta>e t5at +art27*3ar 2te, not from the endcap 6*t fro, t5e f2r4t & to / foot 4e7t2on of t5e 7an$; 243e
:5275 24 not refr29erate$ r295tM
T5o,a4 Front2no: Corre7t"
Za75 Co*9532n: So 2f t5at 2te, 2f :e +*33e$ *+ t5at 2te, an$ t5at 6ar 7o$e an$ 2t4 45o:4 2t4 a
refr29erate$ 27e 7rea, 75o7o3ate 7ara,e3 7onfe7t2on :o*3$ t5at 2n$27ate ;o* :ere 2na77*rate 2n :5at
;o* :ere te332n9 t5e 7o*rtM
T5o,a4 Front2no: Yo* 7o*3$ 5a#e ea423; +27>e$ 2t *+ fro, t5e 7an$; 243eM
B:2;22:5 &.'.+ (ear Fro"t"o3s ly"g )o!e !ra!- *(e" (e says t(e *ord 4sle5+ "ot e)e" able to
s$''o"s a (alf*ay !o")"!"g del)ery of (s sad atte'&t to !ra*l o$t of t(e .$!-sa"d<
Za75 Co*9532n: T5e ice cream bar fro, t5e candy isleM 1o*3$n0t 2t 6e ,e3te$ :o*3$n0t ;o* t52n>M
If 2t 5$ 6een 42tt2n0 t5ere 2n t5e 7n$; 243eM
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: I4 t5at a 8*e4t2onM I4 t5at ;o*r 8*e4t2onM
Za75 Co*9532n: I a, a4>2n9 $oe4 t5at ,a>e 4en4e to ;o* 2f t524 2te, 2f 2t 24 e4ta63245e$ t524""
T5o,a4 Front2no: I a, 4a;2n9 ;o* 4e3e7te$"""
Za75 Co*9532n: I a, not f2n245e$ :2t5 ,; 8*e4t2on S2r"
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: Yo* are f2n245e$W Yo*0re $oneW Go a5ea$ an$ re4+on$"
T5o,a4 Front2no: I a, 4a;2n9 ;o* 4e3e7te$ 4e#era3 2te,4 an$ +3a7e$ t5e, a33 2nto t5e 7art *,""";e4 I
,a; 5a#e 6een ,24ta>en 6e7a*4e ;o* +3a7e$ t5e, a33 2nto t5e 7art an$ t5en ;o* $2$ not +ro7ee$ to
$2re7t3; o+en t5e +a7>a9e after ;o* 4e3e7te$ 2t ;o* +*t 2t 2nto t5e 7art an$ 4e3e7te$ 2t fro, #ar2o*4
ot5er 2te,4 t5at :ere +*t 2nto t5e 7art"
Za75 Co*9532n: So 2f t5at 2te, :a4 an 27e 7rea, 6ar t5at :o*3$ ,e3t 2f 2t :a4n0t refr29erate$ an$ 2t
:a4 4e3e7te$ :5ere ;o* 4a; 2t :a4 4e3e7te$"""t5at :o*3$ 6e 4o,e:5at *n*4*a3 :o*3$n0t 2t for a
refr29erate$ 2te, to 6e 4e3e7te$ fro, an 243e t5at $oe4n0t 5a#e refr29erat2onM
=&:.(:@. +",")
F: to 6e 7o,+3ete3; 5one4tM At a 1a3,artM No no 2t :o*3$n0t 6e t5at *n*4*a3"
=&:.&:<B +",")
Za75 Co*9532n: 1o*3$ 2t 6e +o44263e to re#2e: t5e #2$eo fro, t5at $ate 2n 8*e4t2on an$ t5e 243e 2n
8*e4t2on to 4ee 2f t5e 2te, 2n 8*e4t2on"""
T5o,a4 Front2no: T5ere are no #2$eo e#2$en7e of an; of t5e refr29erate$ 243e4 or t5e 7an$; 243e
5o:e#er +er 1a3,art +o327; ;o* :o*3$ 5a#e 5a$ to 4*6+oena t5at 2nfor,at2on"
Za75 Co*9532n: An$ t5e 32t29at2on 5o3$ not27e I +3a7e$ ;o* on at t5e t2,e of t5e arre4tM Yo* $2$n0t
re4+on$ to t5atM
T5o,a4 Front2no: 1e33 *5""I """I $on0t >no: of a 32t29at2on 5o3$ not27eM
Za75 Co*9532n: 15ere2n ;o* :ere 2nfor,e$ of ;o*r $*t; to ,a2nta2n""""
T5o,a4 Front2no: I :a4 ne#er 2nfor,e$:
Reno C2t; Attorne; Pa, Ro6ert4: O6Ee7t2on Yo*r Honor" T524 24 an A"P"A" T5at $oe4n0t >no:"""
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: S*4ta2ne$ 4*4ta2ne$" Ye4 9o for:ar$ anot5er 8*e4t2on"
Za75 Co*9532n: So""";o*"""$e4tro;e$ a33 t5e #2$eo e#2$en7eM
T5o,a4 Front2no: No I $2$ not $e4tro; t5e e#2$en7e 2t 24 a*to,at27a33; re7or$e$ o#er after 4e#era3
,ont54"
Za75 Co*9532n: 5a4 2t 6een 4e#era3 ,ont54M
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T5o,a4 Front2no: I :o*3$ 5a#e to 75e7> 6a7> :2t5 ,; 4tore to 4ee 2t4 4t233 on t5ere or not 2t
a*to,at27a33; after t2,e re7or$4 o#er 2t4e3f
Za75 Co*9532n: P3ea4e $o an$ I :233 note for t5e re7or$ t5at I a, 5ere6; 2nfor,2n9 ;o* an$
re8*e4t2n9"""
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: A4> anot5er 8*e4t2onW A4> anot5er 8*e4t2onWWW
Za75 Co*9532n: So ;o* $on0t >no: :5et5er""";o* are 4a;2n9 t5ere are no 7a,era4 a6o#e t5e 7an$;
243eM
Hon" C*$9e Ho:ar$: A4>e$ an$ an4:ere$W
Za75 Co*9532n: O>a;" I4 t5ere 4o,et52n9 t5at 3oo>4 32>e a 7a,era a6o#e t5e 7an$; 243eM
F: I 6e32e#e t5ere ,295t 6e one at t5e a7t2on a33; 6*t I 7an0t 6e 4*re t5at t5ere 24" T5ere 24 anot5er one
t5at a7t*a33; +o2nt4 to:ar$ t5e ,eat $e+art,ent 6*t not $o:n to:ar$4 t5e 7an$; 243e
C: $2$ ;o* ,a>e an; atte,+t to a47erta2n :5et5er or not an; of t5e4e 4e3e7t2n9 o+en2n9 or
7on7ea32n9 a7t4 :ere 7a*95t on ta+eM
F: I $2$ 3oo> 22n t5e 4o$a 243e to 4ee 2f I 7o*3$ 4ee ;o* t5ro:2n9 an$ o+en2n9 an$ t5ro:2n9 a:a; t5e
7o9*5 $ro+ +a7>a9e an$ t5ere :a: not #2$eo t5ere t5e ot5er +a7>a9e ;o* t5re: a:a; 2n t5e 7an$;
243e an$ t5ere04 not #2$eo t5ere"
C: t5ere04 not #2$eo t5ereM
F: 7orre7t
7: ,ean2n9M
F: t5ere"""no"""#2$eo"""t5ere"
C: o>a; 4o ;o*r 4a;2n9 2t4 not a 7a4e of t5ere04 #2$eo 6*t 2t $oe4n0t 45o: an;t52n9 2t4 a ,atter of
t5ere04 E*4t +3a2n no #2$eo
f: 7orre7t t5ere04 not an 2,a9e of t5at area t5at re7or$e$"
C: 4o ;o*r 4tore $oe4n0t re7or$ t5e 7an$; 243eM
&:.-:&B
H: A4>e$ an$ an4:ere$" He04 te4t2f2e$ re+eate$3; t5at t5ere04 no #2$eo on t5e 7an$; 243e a4> anot5er
8*e4t2on"
C: :5at are t5o4e t52n94 on t5e 7e232n9 at 1a3,art t5at 3oo> 32>e 32>e *5 I ,ean"""I a3:a;4 a44*,e$
t5e; :ere 7a,era4"""t5e; are 32>e t5e4e 32tt3e ro*n$ or64 :2t5 a >2n$ of 32tt3e 63a7> +*+23 t;+e 3oo>
4*rro*n$e$ 6; ,a;6e a :52te +3a4t27 r2n9 an$ t5e; are 2nter4+er4e$ a33 t5ro*95o*t t5e 4tore t5e;
:o*3$ 4ee, 7o33o8*a33; 4*r#e233an7e #2$eo ,o4t +eo+3e t52n> or 3o44 +re#ent2on 7a,era4M 15at are
t5o4e t52n94 t5ere are ro6a63; 4e#era3 5*n$re$ t5ro*95o*t 1a3,art
FK t5o4e are #2$eo 7a,era4 for t5e 6etter +art"""4o,e 4tore4 5a#e fa34e 7a,era4 t5at are 42,+3; t5e
+*+23 a4 ;o* $e47r26e$""*,""
7 $oe4 ;o*r 4tore
f ,; 4tore I $o not 6e32e#e 5a4 an; fa34e 7a,era4
7 4o 2f t5er04 7a,era4 a++roD2,ate3; e#er; 243e
r o6Ee7t2on t5ere4 no te4t2,on; t5at t5ere 7a,era4 a++roD2,ate3; e#er; 243e
5 2033 a33o: t5e 8*e4t2on 9o a5ea$
7K 24 t5ere 7a,era4 E*4t a6o*t ao#e e#er; 243e
f a4 I 5a#e 4a2$ 6efore no +rett; ,*75 $o:n t5e net2re 9ro7er; 243e t5ere 24 not one 7a,era 452n9
$o:n an; of t5e a7t*a3 243e4 t5at; 5a#e t5e ,eat $e+art,ent +ro$*7e $e32 an$ a37o5o3" Ot5er t5an t5at
t5ere 24 not a 7a,era 2n an; of t5e 9ro7er; 243e40" 1e 5a#e 7a,era44 452n2n9 $o:n t5e a7t2on a332e4 4o
on t5e 42$e4 6*t non of t5e, 452n$ $o:n t5e 243e4
7 o>a; 4o"""$o an; of t5e4e tra45 7an4"""are an; of t5e,""";o* a33e9e$ 4o,et52n9 :2t5 re9ar$ to t5e
tra45 7an4 an$ t5e 7o*95 $ro+4 24 t5at 7orre7t
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f: ;e4 ;o* t5ro*95 t5e +a7>a92n9 to t5e 7o*95 $ro+4 2nto t:o 4e+arate tra45 7an4"
Z an$ ;o*r0re 4a;2n9 :2t5 re9ar$ to t5e 7o*95 $ro+4 24 2t a77*rate to 4a; t5at ;o* te4t2f2e$ t5at ;o*
+er4ona33; :2tne44e$ t5e a77*4e$ 4e3e7t t5e 7o*95 $ro+4 fro, 4o,e +o2nt 2n t5e 4toreM
F ;e4 ;o* 4e3e7te$ t5e, fro, t5e 45e3f 2n t5e +5ar,a7; $e+art,ent
7 :5ere""":5ere a6o*t4 24 t5at
f *, 2t :a4 7o3$ ,e$272ne 2t :a4 2n t5e 7o3$ ,e$272ne +art of +5ar,a7; 2t4 a7t*a33; t5e f2r4t 243e 2n
+5ar,a7; r295t +a4t t5e 243e :2t5 fe,2ne 5;9e2ne an$ 7on$o,4 on t5e r295t on t5e r295t 42$e on t5e
r295t 42$e of t5e 243e :e 5a#e a33 of o*r 7o*95 $ro+4 an$ 7o3$ ,e$272ne" T5at 24 :5ere ;o* 4e3e7te$
t5e 7o*95 $ro+4 fro,"
C $oe4 2t 4ee, 7 *r2o*4 to ;o* t5at ;o*r 4tore a++ear4 to 5a#e a 7o*+3e 5*n$re$ 7a,era4 2nter4+er4e$
t5oro*95t 2t ;et ne2t5er ;o* nor ;o*r e,+3o;er 5a#e ,ana9e$ to 9at5er an; of t5e #2$eo e#2$en7e
:5275 ,295t 4*++ort ;o*r te4t2,on;M
F no for t5e 4a,e rea4on t5at I 9a#e ear32er :e $on0t 9enera33; 7o,+323e #2$eo e#2$en7e on 4*75 a
,2nor 2n72$ent an$ 2n72$ent :e :o*3$n0t 5a#e e#en 7a33e$ t5e +o327e 5a$ ;o* 7oo+erate$ :2t5"""2t4
t5at ,2nor
7: are ;o* 4a;2n9 ;o* 7on$2t2one$ ;o*r 7a332n9 t5e +o327e 6a4e$ *+on a 3a7> of 7oo+erat2on
f ;e4 I a,
f 4*75 a4M
F not 7oo+erat2n9
7: 6*t 7o*3$ ;o* 6e ,ore 4+e72f27a33;f I 5a$ $eta2ne$ ;o* for 45o+32ft2n9 ;o* ,a2nta2ne$ ;or*
2nno7en7e :5275 24 a77e+ta63e 5o:e#er :2t5o*t 2nfor,at2on to +*r4*e o*r 7a4e a9a2n4t ;o* :e 5a#e
to a34o 7a33 +o327e 4o t5at t5e; 7an a4424t *4"
BAro$"d :21;255 Fro"t"o tres to say t(e *o$ld"3t (a)e !alled t(e !o&s f s$s&e!t (ad
!oo&erated+ b$t t(e" (e def"es !oo&erat"g % a *ay t(at e"ables *al'art to &ro!eed *t( t(er
ase aga"st o"e a"d 'e"to"s t(at t(ey *o$ld !all t(e &ol!e to a!!o'&ls( t(at...'ore
!o"trad!tory st$ff. So+ *(!( s t+ Fro"t"o9 ?o$ld yo$ (a)e let t(e s$s&e!t go f (e (ad
&ro)ded t(e 4"for'ato"5 yo$ desred a"d 4!oo&erated5 or dd yo$ "eed to 4"for'ato"5
a"d 4!oo&erato"5 to 4&$rs$e yo$r !ase aga"st t(e a!!$sed59 Tal-"g o$t fo (s ass aga".<
! yo$r test'o"y s t(at t(e a!!$sed 'ade so'e state'e"ts 'a"ta"g (s ""o!e"!e9 %s t(at
!orre!t9
F yes+ t(ats !orre!t9
FC yes t(at3s !orre!t9
C s t(at !o"sste"t *t( yor$ *rtte" state'e"ts
f2 % do"3t -"o* *(ats " 'y... *o$ld (a)e to loo- at 'y *rtte" state'e"t+ % do"3t -"o* f % &$t
t(at " 'y *rtte" state'e"t or "ot.
C a"d yo$r say"g.. so'e+ $(+ ot(er !a"dy te's *ere sele!ted a"d &$r!(ased
f !orre!t
! do yo$ (a)e t(e re!e&t of t(e te's t(at *ere &$r!(ase
fC "o % do "ot.
CC dd yo$ e)er (a)e t
f "o+ t s stll " t(e *al'art3s database.
C *ere yo$ able to )erfy *(et(er or "ot t(ose ot(er te's *ere &$r!(ased9 T(ose ot(er !a"dy
te's or *(et(er " fa!t t(e re!e&t (as ot(er !a"dy te's
f *e *at!(ed yo$ rg" $& all of yo$r te's+ at "o t'e dd yo$ &rese"t...
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! *(o s *e9
F Sta"ley C$"""g(a' a"d %+ be!a$se Sta"ley..by t(e t'e yo$ *ere at t(e regster+ Sta"ley *as
"o* *t( 'e to 'a-e o$r a&&re(e"so" be!a$se as &ol!y *e (a)e t*o &eo&le 4o a4 5e 7a,e 6a7>
fro, 3*n75 ;o* :ere at t5e re924ter a"d (e *as *t( 'e. So &er(a&s t better f % say % *t"essed
yo$r tra"sa!to"
! t(e tr$t( s best+ so rat(er t(a" say"g 4yo$ a"d Sta"ley5 t(e !(a""g t to 4%5+ 7$st say t(e
tr$t(.
0 Mr. Co$g(l" % (a)e re&eatedly ad)sed yo$ aga"st arg$"g *t( t(e *t"ess. Ma-g" t(e
fa!al e8&resso"s *(!( yo$ 7$st dd+ *(!( yo$ &re)o$sly !(astDed Mr. Fro"t"o for. % a'
go"g to o"!e aga" ad'o"s( yo$ a"d *ar" yo$ aga"st s$!( f$rt(er a!to"s. % (a)e do"e so
re&eatedly. Go for*ard.
C 6es+ sr
0C *t( !$ato"
! Mr. Fro"t"o t see's to 'e t(at yo$ (a)e 7$st testfed t(at yo$ a"d Mr. C$"""g(a'
*t"essed t(e a!!$sed r"g $& t(e te's a"d t(e" yo$ !(a"ged yo$r test'o"y to "d!ate t(at
Mr. C$"""g(a' *as a!td$ally "ot t(ere to *t"ess t(at.
RC ob7e!to" t(ats "ot *(at (e testfed to 6o$ 0o"or
f2 t(ats "ot *(at % a' say"g %3' say"g % !a""ot s&ea- to *(at (e sa* e)e" t(o$g( (e *as
sta"d"g "e8t to 'e *at!("g yo$
! dd yo$ dd yo$ 7$st say
fC b$t (e s "ot (ere to say t(at so % *ll say t(at % *t"essed yo$
! *ell dd yo$ 7$st testfy t(at (e *as"3t ba!- fro' brea- yet9 Fro' l$"!(9
f "o t(at s "ot *(at % testfed. % testfed t(at (e *as ba!- fro' brea- at t(e t'e yo$ *ere at
t(e regster.
C so *(e" yo$ sad &er(a&s t better f % 7$st say 4% *t"essed5+ *(y dd yo$ 'a-e t(at
state'e"t9
F be!a$se % *as ass$'"g t(at yo$ *ere go"g to aga" .$esto" 'e abo$t t(e $s"g 4*e5
be!a$se % !a"3t s&ea- for 4*e5
! o-ay a" dyo$ dd"3t 'a-e a"y state'e"t to t(e effe!dt t(at yo$ s(o$ld o"ly say 4%5 be!a$se
Mr. C$"""g(a' (ad "ot a!t$ally ret$r"ed fro' l$"!( yet9
F "o % dd "ot 'a-e t(at state'e"t.
C a"d f *e re)e*ed t(e ta&e t(at *o"3t be s(o*"9 T(e ta&e of t(s (ear"g9
r ob7e!to"+ % do"3t $"dersta"d t(e .$esto"able
( % do"3t $"dersta"d et(er. S$sta"ed. As- a"ot(er .$esto".
C so *(ere dd yo$ see t(e !o$g( dro&s9 6o$ say yo$ sa* t(e' sele!ted " t(e &(ar'a!y sle9
F !orre!t
! t(e" at *(at &o"t dd yo$ see t(e'...*(ere yo$ &erso"ally *t"essed t(e' be"g o&e"ed9
F yo$ o&e"ed o"e te' " t(e !a"dy sle a"d ds!arded t(e &a!-age a"d yo$ o&e"ed t(e se!o"d
&a!-age " t(e soda sle a"d ds!arded t(e &a!-age.
C so *as t a !ase of o&e""g t(e &a!-age a"d ds!ard"g t rg(t a*ay9
F o" bot( !ases yo$ dd "ot o&e" t(e' bot( at t(e sa'e t'e. 6o$ o&e"ed o"e " t(e bas-et
ds!arded t(e &a!-age+ yo$ &rete"ded to blo* yo$r "ose *t( t(e &a&er to*el t(at *as abo)e
t(e garbage !a"+ &$lled do*" t(e &a&er to*el+ yo$ t(e" &$t t(e &a!-age "sde t(e &a&er to*el
a"d t(e" &la!ed bot( te's toget(er t(e &a&er to*el !o"!eal"g t(e !o$g( dro& &a!-age "to t(e
garbage !a".
C a"d yo$ &erso"ally *t"essed t(s9
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F % &erso"ally *t"essed t(s
! "ot o" )deo...b$t *t( yo$r o*" eyes9
F *t( 'y o*" eyes.
C (o* !lose *ere yo$9
F at t(at &o"t % *as sta"d"g o" t(e e"d!a& a"d yo$ *ere sta"d"g 7$st "sde t(e sle
! "d t(s *o$ld be t(e !a"dy sle9
F2 so (o* 'a"y feet a*ay *o$ld yo$ say yo$ *ere
f A fe* feet 'aybe...
! % do"3t -"o* *(at a fe* feet 'ea"s+ does t(at 'ea" less t(a" te" *o$ld yo$ say9
F def"tely less t(a" te" t *as &robably so'e*(ere aro$"d E.
! yo$ *ere t(ree feet a*ay+ yo$ *ere at t(e e"d!a& a"d t(e a!!$sed *as *(ere9
f % *as at t(e e"d!a& a"d *ere 7$st "sde t(e sle at t(e garbage !a". ?o$ld yo$ l-e...$(.
C a"d yo$ *ere"3t obs!$red " a"y *ay9
F "o % *as "ot
! yo$ *ere " &la" sg(t
f $(+ % *as (d"g+ % *as "ot sta"d"g "e8t to t(e garbage !a".
C o-ay+ so yo$ sad yo$ *ere "ot obs!$red a"d t(e" yo$ sad yo$ *ere (d"g
f 'y l"e of sg(t *as "ot obs!$red+ 'y body *as obs!$red fro' yo$r )so"
! o-ay+ a"d (o* s t(at &ossble *as t(ere so'e (ole " t(e sle yo$ &eered t(ro$g(
f t(eres+ t(eres t(e e"d!a&s t(at (a)e s(el)es so *(at *e *ll do s *e *ll et(er !ro$!( do*"
or *e *ll sta"d stall a"d loo- *(ere)er *e "eed to loo- t(ro$g( t(e ga& a"d *e get !lose
e"o$g( to t a"d t(e &ro&s " t(e s(el)es do"3t obs!$re o$r )so" at all a"d alls t(e &eo&le t(at
*ere really loo-"g for $s t(ey *o$ld see s o$r eyes+ b$t t(at3s f t(ey *ere really loo-"g for
$s.
C so t(ere3s "o &rod$!ts o" t(e s(el)es t(at *o$ld '&ede yo$r )e* of t(at9
F t(ere are &rod$!ts o" t(e s(el)es a"d t(ere are t'es *(e" t(ere are &rod$!ts t(at !o$ld
obs!$re o$r )so"+ (o*e)er+ *e do"3t !(oose t(ose sles...*e do"3t !(oose t(ose e"d!a&s to loo-
t(ro$g( as t obs!$res o$r )so"
! *ell are t(ere st$ato"s *(ere yo$ do"3t (a)e a !(o!e *t( res&e!t to *(!( e"d!a& yo$ loo-
t(ro$g(
f No.
! so+ (o* s t(at &ossble+ are yo$ able to arra"ge *(ere &eo&le ta-e t("gs
f ?e s'&ly do "ot !at!( e)eryo"e.
C2 a"d yo$ say t(ere *as "o atte'&t 'ade to &ay for t(e !(o!olate bar or t(e !o$g( dro&s9
F2 !orre!t9
C2 A"d (o* *ere yo$ able to as!erta" t(at9
F 6o$ dd "ot atte'&t to &ay for t(e'+ yo$ !o"!ealed t(e te's...t(e &a!-ag"g t(at (ad t(e
U/C3s " garbage !a"s+ yo$ also !o"!ealed t(e &a!-ag"g to t(e *ra&&er $"der"eat( !art
sa"tDer *&es " t(e !or"er of yo$r !art.
C dd yo$ (ear a"y ds!$sso"s bet*ee" t(e !as(er a"d t(e a!!$sed9
F No+ % dd "ot.
C =d a"ybody t(at yo$ -"o* of at ?al'art
R 6o$r 0o"or+ !alls for s&e!$lato"
0 t(at yo$ -"o* of
f T(at % -"o* of9 No.
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C =d yo$ 'a-e a"y efforts to as!erta" *(et(er t(e a!!$sed a"d t(e !as(er (ad a"y
ds!$sso"s *t( res&e!t to t(e te's
f No
! %s t(ere e)er a st$ato" *(ere a" "d)d$al at ?al'art sele!ts a"d te' a"d ts da'age or
so'et("g s *ro"g *t( t a"d t(ey do"3t &$r!(ase t9
F 6ea(+ b$t t(ey do"3t eat t also.
C %s t(ere e)er a st$ato" *(ere so'eo"e ta-es a bte of so'et("g a"d f"ds t tastes bad or
'aybe a" Od*alla dr"- (as a rotte" taste to t
0 *(at s t(e rele)a"!e of t(e .$esto"9
C ?ell+ Mr. Fro"t"o s assert"g t(at t(s te's *ere o&e"ed.
0 %t *as a &a!-age...dd yo$ "d!ate a" 4ol)e59
C2 No+ % *as referr"g to *(at (e3s...
0 *(at te' *ere yo$ referr"g to " yo$r .$esto" s&e!f!ally+ *(at *as t9
C All. all t(ree te's... t(e !o$g( dro&s a"d t(e !a"dy bar *(!(...or *(at Mr. Fro"t"o !alls
t(e 4!a"dy bar5 *(!(+ % bele)e t(e U/C a!t$ally re)eals s a refrgerated te'.
0 ?(at s t(e rele)a"!e to yo$r ".$ry
C *ell " order to establs( all t(e ele'e"ts of t(e !(arge+ o"e s 4"te"t5.
0 %"te"t9
C 6es+ a"d f t(ere s "ot a" "te"t...
0 0o* do t(ose ot(er st$ato"s relate to *(et(er yo$ "te"ded to !o"!eal+ !o"s$'e t(e te's "
.$esto" (ere9
C % a' as-"g Mr. Fro"t"o *(at (e does to as!erta" *(et(er or "ot t(ere *as+ " fa!t+ t(e
re.$ste "te"t or *(et(er or "ot so'eo"e *(o s a!!$sed of t(ese !r'es 'g(t (a)e sa'&led
so'et("g a"d fo$"d t to be $"saleable9
B:22;2:2 &.'.<
0 %t (as "o rele)a"!e to t(ese &ro!eed"gs+ t (as "o rele)a"!e.
C O-ay+ a"d %3ll 7$st &reser)e 'y ob7e!to" to t(at for t(e re!ord+ % do bele)e t goes to...
0 6o$ -ee& tal-"g o)er 'y r$l"gs+ a"d % (a)e *ar"ed yo$ abo$t t(at (a)e"3t %. % (a)e
"d!ated t(at yo$ (a)e a" o&&ort$"ty a"d yo$3)e e8&ressed yo$r $"dersta"d"g of yo$r rg(t
to a&&eal. T(e "e8t t'e t(at yo$ tal- o)er o"e of 'y de!so"s or r$l"gs+ % a' go"g to (old
yo$ " !o"te'&t aga"+ yo$ (a)e far *ar""g.
C % a' sorry+ 6o$r 0o"or+ % *as al*ays $"der t(e $"dersta"d"g t(at f % dd "ot s&e!f!ally
state 'y ob7e!to" for t(e re!ord+ % *o$ld be &re!l$ded fro' later o" arg$"g t(at o" a&&eal+ %
do"3t 'ea" to dsres&e!t yo$+ Sr.
0 As- a"ot(er .$esto". % (a)e 'ade 'yself !lear+ yo$ $"dersta"d t. As- a"ot(er .$esto".
C %" yo$r *rtte" state'e"t yo$ stated t(at t(e a!!$sed *as "taly !o'&la"t b$t t(e" be!a'e
"o"F!o'&la"t+ " *(at *ay dd t(e a!!$sed be!o'e "o" !o'&la"t9
F 6o$ *o$ld "ot &ro)de $s *t( a"y "for'ato" " regards to yo$rself so t(at *e *o$ld "ot be
able to e"ter yo$ "to o$r database+ as % (a)e &re)o$sly stated.
C O-ay+ b$t t(e" earler yo$ testfed t(at t(e a!!$sed offered yo$ (s "a'e+ (o* s t(at
!o"sste"t.
F As % (a)e &re)o$sly stated+ *(et(er yo$ (a)e g)e" $s yo$r "a'e or "ot t(at s "ot e"o$g(
"for'ato" for $s to !o'&lete o$r ")estgato" a"d to e"ter yo$ "to o$r syste'+ as % (a)e
stated before.
C ?ell+ o-ay+ t(at3s f"e...b$t 'y .$esto" dd"3t relate to t(at. My .$esto" related to (o* yo$
!a" sta"d (ere $"der oat( a"d say o"e t("g t(at "!o"sste"t *t( so'et("g else yo$3)e sad.
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To *t2 yo$ sad earler t(at t(e a!!$sed offered (s "a'e to yo$ &ror to t(e &ol!e arr)"g+
t(e" 7$st "o*+ yo$ des!rbed t(e a!!$sed as "o"F!o'&la"t+ " &art+ be!a$se (e failed to offer (s
"a'e to yo$. My .$esto" s2 (o* s t(at "o" "!o"sste"t a"d "d!at)e of a la!- of )era!ty
atte"da"t to yo$r test'o"y today+ Mr. Fro"t"o9
R Ob7e!to"+ 6o$r 0o"or+ t(at goes to arg$'e"t.
0 % a' go"g to allo* t(e .$esto" $& to t(e &o"t t(at t goes to )era!ty+ *(!( s a
deter'"ato" t(at % 'a-e+ "ot yo$+ go a(ead.
F as % bele)e % (a)e stated earler+ % do bele)e yo$ ga)e $s yo$r "a'e+ b$t % *o$ld "ot s*ear
'y lfe o" t(e fa!t t(at yo$ ga)e $s yo$r "a'e+ (o*e)er+ e)e" f yo$ (ad g)e" $s yo$r "a'e+
yo$ dd "ot g)e $s e"o$g( "for'ato" for $s to !o'&lete o$r ")estgato"+ so t(erefore+ *e
(ad to "otfy Trbal /ol!e.
C O-ay so *(e" yo$ say yo$r are f"d"g so'e "o"F!o'&la"!e o" t(e &art of t(e a!!$sed a"d
t(e atte"da"t !o"se.$e"!e to t(at+ e+ yo$r !all"g " t(e &ol!e...*(at yo$ assert *as t(e "o"F
!o'&la"!e " yo$r earler test'o"y+ *as t(at t(ere *as a fal$re to g)e a "a'e....b$t t(at
'g(t "ot be t+ a&&are"tly+ a!!ord"g to yo$r test'o"y. So+ *as t(ere a"y ot(er "o"F
!o'&la"t be(a)or9
F 6o$ *o$ld"3t g)e $s yo$r "for'ato"+ t(at *as t.
C %"for'ato" 'ea""g9
F Na'e+ address+ de"tf!ato"+ all te's t(at yo$ (ad o" yo$r &erso"+ b$t *ere $"*ll"g to
s(are *t( $s.
C So yo$ are say"g t(at a fal$re to &ro)de t(ose 'aterals at ?al'art *ll res$lt " !all"g
t(e &ol!e9
F A"ybody t(at fals to &rod$!e a )ald for' of de"tf!ato" *ll res$lt " $s !all"g t(e &ol!e.
C A"d...!all"g t(e &ol!e say"g *(at...t(e &erso" ref$sed to g)e t(er de"tf!ato"9
F No+ *e !all t(e &ol!e be!a$se at t(at &o"t+ ?al'art &$rs$es t(er rg(t to &$rs$e !r'"al
!(arges+ a"d yo$ are "ot o" tral for "ot g)"g a "a'e+ yo$ are o" tral for &etty lar!e"y+ so at
t(at &o"t ?al'art...
0 0e3s a"s*ered t(e .$esto"+ t(a"- yo$.
B:2252:E &.'.<
C So s ref$s"g to allo* ?al'art to sear!( t(e !o"te"ts of o"e3s bag or t(e &last! bag t(at
t(er &$r!(ases are "+ s t(at also a bass for !allg" t(e &ol!e9
F ?e "e)er sear!( "d)d$als+ &er &ol!y ?al'art does "ot sear!( "d)d$als
0 0s .$esto" s+ s t(at a bass for !o"ta!t"g t(e &ol!e9
C So t(e *ell -"o*" &ra!t!e of (a)"g so'eo"e sta"d by t(e door a"d say lets 'e !(e!- yo$r
re!e&t aga"st t(e !o"te"ts of yo$r bag...does t(at o!!$r at ?al'art9
F U(+ yes t does.
C O-ay so f so'eo"e ref$ses to allo* ?al'art to sear!( t(e !o"te"ts of t(er &lat! bag a"d
t(er re!e&t...f so'eo"e ref$ses to !o"se"t to t(at sear!(+ *(at s yo$r &ol!y9
F To let t(e' lea)e.
C So+ so'eo"e !a" ref$se to !o"se"t to t(at sear!( a"d yo$ let t(e' lea)e9
F Corre!t.
C 0a)e yo$ e)er deta"ed so'eo"e for ref$s"g to !o"se"t to s$!( a sear!(9
F %f % *ere *or-"g a"d t(e door a"d faled to obser)ed sele!to"+ !o"!eal'e"t+ a"d
!o"s$'&to" of t(ose te's+ *e "e)er 'a-e sto&s based o" t(ose+ so+ f so'ebody3s at t(e door+
ts 'ore of a" "s$ra"!e &ol!y to !(e!- re!e&ts..."obody s e)er deta"ed+ $'...
! T(ere *as"3t a la*s$t aga"st ?al'art re!e"tly
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f % !o$ld"3t s&ea- to
0 ?(at s t(e rele)a"!e9 ?(at s t(e rele)a"!e to t(s l"e of ".$ry. ?e are s&ea-"g abo$t+
as % $"dersta"d t+ loss &re)e"to" off!er a"d (s obser)ato"s a"d a greeter a"d *(at t(e
greeter !a" do. =o yo$ see t(ose as e8a!tly t(e sa'e t("g9
C % see t(e' as a" o)erall &ol!y o" ?al'art3s &art to !o"dto" *(et(er or "ot t(ey are go"g
to ta-e retalatory a!to" based $&o" *(et(er a !$sto'er s !o"se"t"g to '&er'ssble
sear!(es a"d seD$res.
0 Alrg(t. % do"3t see t(e' as t(e sa'e or e)e" s'lar. %ts "ot rele)a"t.
C 6es+ Sr+ %3ll 'o)e o".
0 %t3s "ot rele)a"t+ as- a"ot(er .$esto".
C 6o$ say t(at yo$ o)er(ead so'e ds!$sso"s bet*ee" t(e %"da" Colo"y Off!ers a"d t(e
a!!$sed *t( regard to t(e a!!$sed fal$re to !o"se"t to a sear!(....(a)"g a !o"se.$e"!e of t(e
a!!$sed be"g arrested for "ot !o"se"t....
fC No+ Sr+ yo$ *ere "ot &la!ed $"der arrest $"tl yo$ as-ed for a la*yer.
C O>a; 4o ;o* are 4a;2n9 t5e a77*4e$ a4>2n9 for a 3a:;er :a4 *5 ,ent2one$ 6; t5e Off27er4 a4
5a#2n9 a 7on4e8*en7e"""
r O6Ee7t2on 7a334 for 5ear4a;
7 I0,"""*5"""eD72te$ *tteran7e
r Yo*r Honor t5at04 not an eD72te$ *tteran7e"
H S*4ta2ne$"
C Mr" Front2no 5a4 te4t2f2e$ a4 to :5at t5e; Off27er4 5a#e 4a2$ at 3en9t5 +re#2o*43;"
H :e33"""*5"""E*4t 6e7a*4e t5e +ro4e7*tor 5a4 75o4en not to o6Ee7t$ at 7erta2n t2,e4 an$ 5a4 no:
o6Ee7te$ to :5at t5e Off27er4 5a#e 4a2$ 6a4e$ *+on 5ear4a; ;o* 4t233 5a#e to 9et o#er t5at 5*r$3e a"d
s(e 'ay (a)e e)e" "d!ated rele)a"!e+ o"!e aga"+ b$t " a"y e)e"t+ % a' s$sta""g (er
ob7e!to".
C Can I E*4t enter re4+e7tf*33; Yo*r Honor a +attern an$ +ra7t27e ar9*,ent 5a62t 5ear4a;
o6Ee7t2onM
H Mo#e onW
C So E*4t to 6e 73ear Yo*r Honor I 7an a4> Mr" Front2no a6o*t :5at 5e 5ear$ t5e Off27er 4a; 2n
re9ar$ to :5et5er or not t5e; :ere 7on$2t2on2n9 arre4t *+on fa23*re to 7on4ent to""
r O6Ee7t2on 7a334 for 5ear4a;
H If ;o* 7an 2f ;o* 7an"""+ro#2$e ,e :2t5 a 5ear4a; eD7e+t2on n*,6er one an$ n*,6er t:o +ro#2$e
,e :2t5 a re3e#an7e a4 to :5; t5at04 re3e#ant ;e4 a64o3*te3; 4o 9o for:ar$"
C I fee3 2t 24 re3e#ant Yo*r Honor 6e7a*4e t5e re4*3t4 of t5e 4ear75 t5e fr*2t of t5e +o24ono*4 tree
fa7tor 2n 5ea#23; 2n t5e Reno C2t; Attorne;04 7a4e :2t5o*t t5at"""t5e2r 7a4e re4t4 on"""I $on0t >no:
:5at"" an$ :5et5er or not t5e4e 7o*95 $ro+4""
H So 6efore ;o* 9o on ;o*r ar9*,ent 24 t5e fr*2t"""I ta>e 2t""":5at are t5e fr*2t4 5ereM
C 1e33 2n t5e2r arre4t re+ort t5e; ,ent2on t5at t5e 4ear75 2n72$ent to arre4t ;2e3$e$ 4o,e 7o*95 $ro+4
not 7o*95 $ro+4 2n a 7onta2ner or 4o,e +a7>a92n9 6*t E*4t 4o,e 7o*95 $ro+4""an$"""
H So 2f ;o* :ere 4*77e4f*3 an$ ;o* Got t5at t5ro:n o*t on :5at 6a424 :o*3$ t5e 7a4e fa33M
C 1e33 2t4""""
H A4 fr*2t of t5e +o24ono*4 treeM
C 1e33 I 6e32e#e t5e a7t*4 re*4 :o*3$ 6e 3a7>2n9"""t5e +ro+ert; 2t4e3f"""t5e +5;427a3 e#2$en7e :o*3$
not 6e t5ere to t5e eDtent 2t4 a33e9e$ to 6e +5;427a3 e#2$en7e t5at :o*3$ not 6e a#a23a63e
H A3r295t I *n$er4tan$"""no: 92#e ,e t5e re4+on4e to t5e 5ear4a; o6Ee7t2on4
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7: I 6e32e#e one 24 t5at 2t4 a 4tate,ent a9a2n4t 2ntere4t to t5e eDtent t5at t524 1a3,art 24 rente$ o*t 6;
t5o4e Off27er04 e,+3o;er4 to 1a3,art t5e +ro+ert; Mr" Front2no te4t2f2e$ ear32er t5at t5ere 24 a 73o4e
:or>2n9 re3at2on452+ :2t5 t5e4e In$2an Co3on; Po327e 4o ,*75 4o t5at t5e; are a63e to 42t an$ 5a#e
Eo#2a3 7on#er4at2on an$ 3a*95ter for a++roD2,ate3; &@ ,2n*te4 +r2or to tr2a3" T5e; a33 ,a; +otent2a33;
fa7e a 92ant 32a6232t; for a <%/( 7a*4e of a7t2on for a :ron9f*3 arre4t a4 4*75 t5ere 24 a +o4426232t; t5at
t5e; are a7t2n9 2n 7on7ert an$ t5at an; 4tate,ent4 ,a$e 6; In$2an Co3on; Po327e are ne7e44ar232;
2,+*te$ to 1a3,art an$ t5erefore are a 4tate,ent a9a2n4t 2ntere4t"
HK O>a; a3r295t an; re4+on4e fro, t5e C2t;M
R F2r4t of a33 Yo*r Honor Mr" Front2no te4t2f2e$ t5at 5e :2tne44e$ t5e $efen$ant I 6e32e#e 7on4*,e
4o,e of t5e 7o*95 $ro+4 an$ re9ar$3e44 of :5et5er t5ere :ere an; 7o*95 $ro+4 fo*n$ 2n 524 +o7>et
t(at t(at obser)ato" 24 not ne9ate$""":e ,a; not 6e a63e to a47erta2n t5e #a3*e of t5e 7o*95 $ro+4
6e7a*4e :e :o*3$n0t 5a#e t5e +a7>a9e""" 2n a$$2t2on e#en 2f t5e 7o*95 $ro+4 an$ t5e e#2$en7e re3ate$
to t5e 7o*95 $ro+4 :a4 eD73*$e$ t5at :o*3$ not a++3; to t5e 7an$; 6ar or t5e 75o7o3ate 2te, t5at Mr"
Front2no referre$ to" Re9ar$2n9 t5e 5ear4a; eD7e+t2on I $on0t 6e32e#e t5e fa7t t5at 5e ,a; 6e e#en
6e4t fr2en$4 :2t5 one of t5e Off27er4 ,a>e4 or ,eet4 t5e 5ear4a; o6Ee7t2on 2t $oe4n0t ,eet an; of
eD7e+t2on4 *n$er t5e 5ear4a; r*3e t5ere 24 no 4*75 t52n9 a4 fear of 32a6232t; an$ t5e Off27er 24 not a
32t29ant 2n t524 ,atter ,a;6e a f*t*re 32t29ant at 4o,e +o2tn :2t5 Mr" Co*9532n 2t 7erta2n3; 24 not t5e
7a4e to$a;"
C: Yo*r Honor
H No not52n9 f*rt5er" I 5a#en0t fo*n$ an; 5ear4a; o6Ee7t2on nor $o I f2n$ t524 +art27*3ar3; re3e#ant
2t4 4*4ta2ne$ a4> anot5er 8*e4t2on"
C2 Alrg(t+ 6o$r 0o"or+ a"d % *ll 7$st &reser)e t(e ob7e!to" for t(e re!ord t(at ts "ot be"g
offered to &ro)e t(e tr$t( of t(e 'atter asserted+ t(at t does (ae "d!a of relablty g)e" t(e
!o"te'&ora"eo$s "at$re of t(e state'e"t+ &art!$larly *t( regard to t be"g a &erfor'at)e
$ttera"!e.
BO(+ 'a"+ dd t(at (alf !o$rt s(ot at t(e b$DDer &ss 1$dge 0o*ard off+ to t(e &o"t *(ere (e
(as to bas( so'eo"e 7$st for (a)"g t(e "d$stry to le)erage te!("ology<
H: A4> anot5er 8*e4t2onW I 9a#e ;o* e#er; o++ort*n2t; to 92#e ,e ;o*r ar9*,ent" 15at ;o* 5a#e
$one no: 2t 4a; F:e33 ;o* >no: :5atM I 5a#e 9one to ,; 32tt3e 3a+to+ an$ I0#e 9ot 4o,e a$$2t2ona3
2nfor,at2on t5at I :ant to +re4ent"""G an$ I 5a#e re+eate$3; 2n$27ate$ to ;o*: one 45ot I ,a>e t5e
r*32n9 :e ,o#e on""""an$ ONCE AGAIN ;o*0#e 9one 6e52n$ ,; r*32n9 an$ a$$e$ a$$2t2ona3
2nfor,at2on" A4> t5e 8*e4t2on S2rW
C: O-ay+ a"d also 7$st to t(e e8te"t t(at !o''a"ds are "ot (earsay. Mr" Front2no $2$ ;o* ,a>e
an; 4tate,ent4 to t5e a77*4e$ t5at ;o* :o*3$ 6ar9a2n :2t5 t5e a77*4e$ an$ t5at 2f 5e 9a#e ;o* 6a7>
t524 or t5at 2te, ;o* :o*3$ 3et 52, 9o"""
f No I $2$ not"
C Do ;o* e#er ,a>e 4*75 4tate,ent4M
F I 6e32e#e ;o* are referr2n9 to t5e fa7t t5at after I 5a$ a3rea$; 5a$ t5e +o327e t5ere I 5a$ 4a2$ t5at 5a$
;o* 7oo+erate$ t5en t5e; :o*3$ not 5a#e 6een 2n#o3#e$" Per +o327; :e 7o*3$ 5a#e a33o:e$ ;o*
3ea#e t5e fa7232t; *+on +*tt2n9 ;o*r 2nfor,at2on 2nto o*r 4;4te,"
B:2EG22G &.'. Note2 Fro"t"o $ses t(e *ord !(o!e 4allo*ed yo$ to lea)e5+ *(!( !learly
"d!ates t(e a!!$sed "ot be"g t(ere e"trely )ol$"tarly<
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C Ho: 24 t5at $2fferentM
F Ho: 24 :5at $2fferentM
C It 4ee,4 a4 t5o*95 ,; 8*e4t2on :a4: D2$ ;o* ,a>e an; 4tate,ent4 t5at F2f ;o* 7oo+erate an$ ;o*
92#e4 *4 t524 6a7> :e :233 3et ;o* 9o"""G an$ ;o* 4a2$ no an$ t5en ;o* 4a2$ F6a427a33; no I to3$ ;o*
2f ;o* :o*3$ 5a#e 7oo+erate$ :e :o*3$ 5a#e 3et ;o* 9oG an$ 2t 4ee,4 a4 t5o*95 ;o* are 4a;2n9 t5o4e
are $2fferent t52n9"""
f 5a$ ;o* not re,o#e$ 4t*ff fro, o*r fa7232t; :e :o*3$n0t 5a#e $eta2ne$ ;o*M It4 a F2f ;o* 5a$n0t
$one t524 :e :o*3$n0t 5a#e"""G
H: 4to+ 4to+ 4to+""" Go a5ea$"
C M; 8*e4t2on to ;o* S2r 24: 7an ;o* eD+3a2n to ,e 5o: t5ere04 f*n$,ent3 $2fferen7e 6et:een ;o*r
a44ert2on t5at ;o* did not say "If ;o* 7oo+erate an$ 92#e t5e 4t*ff 6a7>G t5en ;o*0$ 3et t5e a77*4e$
9o an$ ;o*r 4*64e8*ent a44ert2on t5at Ft5e; a77*4e$ :a4 on3; arre4te$ 6e7a*4e 5e $2$n0t 7oo+erate
an$ 92#e t5e 4t*ff 6a7>GM
R Yo*r Honor t5at04 not :5at 5e 4a2$"
H I033 3et 52, re4+on$" O#err*3e$" Go a5ea$"
F So :5at I"""*5""I 6e32e#e ;o*r 8*e4t2on :a4 a4>2n9 ,e 2f I tr2e$ to 6ar9a2n :2t5 ;o*"""an$ I ne#er
tr2e$ to 6ar9a2n :2t5 ;o*"""t5e $2fferen7e to ,e :a4 t5at I :a4 4tat2n9 t5e fa7t t5at 5a$ ;o* $one
t524"""5a$ ;o* 42,+3; 92#en *4 2$ent2f27at2on +er 1a3,art +o327; *n$er t5e"""*n$er :5at :e 5a$ 2n
front of *4""":e 7o*3$ 5a#e a33o:e$ ;o* to 3ea#e o*r fa7232t; 6; E*4t +*tt2n9 ;o* 2nto o*r 4;4te,"""
C An$ $2$ ;o* a34o ,a>e t5e 4tate,ent t5at F5a$ ;o* 42,+3; 92#en t5e 2te,4 6a7>G
f I $on0t 6e32e#e I ,a$e t5e 4tate,ent t5at F5a$ ;o* 42,+3; 92#en t5e 2te,4 6a7>G"""no"""I 6e32e#e I :a4
+rett; eD+3272t 6; 4tat2n9 t5at 5a$ ;o* 7oo+erate$""":e :o*3$n0t 5a#e 92#en a rat""""
7 B; F7oo+erate$G $2$ ;o* ,ean 6ot5: 92#e ;o*r 2$ent2f27at2on AND 92#en t5e 2te,4 6a7>M
F U,"""I"""+r2,ar23; E*4t :ante$ ;o*r 2nfor,at2on"""
f: I a, not a4>2n9 ;o* :5at ;o* :ante$ S2r I a, a4>2n9 ;o* :5at ;o* 4a2$"
F U'.... 4!oo&erato"5 'ea"s 4!oo&erato" " *(ole5...$'...(ad yo$ "ot g)e" t(e te's
ba!-...t *o$ld"3t (a)e !(a"ged....
B:2E@252 &.' <
7 O>a; t5at 4ee,4 2n7on9r*o*4""" F7oo+erat2onG"""
r ?ell+ ob7e!to"+ 6o$r 0o"or+ (o*3s (e go"g to g)e t(e te's ba!- t(at (e3s already eate"9
So+ % 'ea"+ % t("- ts a rd!$lo$s l"e of .$esto""g a"y*ay
0 %t3s "ot rele)a"t+ b$t (e !o"t"$es o" t(s &at(+ as- a"ot(er .$esto"A
B:2EH2;E &.'. O0+ %TS /RETT6 RELEIANT+ T0OUG0....O"e+ t(e bg 4s'o-"g g$"5+
allegedly+ " t(e &ol!e re&ort s t(at t(e fr$t of t(e &oso"o$s tree+ t(e o"e fol s(eet of G =$ra!t
Co$g( 'elts+ e8a!ty o"e (alf of a &a!-age l-e t(ose sold at ?alFMart+ *as !$lled fro' t(e
Fo$rt( A'e"d'e"t )olat"g sear!( of Co$g(l"3s &o!-ets...a sear!( *(!( FFro"t"o ad'ts
o"ly too- &la!e ''edately after Co$g(l" "d!ated (e *a"ted a" attor"ey. So+ !rafty )et
/a' Robert3s "o"Fse.$t$r abo$t (o* 4*(at3s t(e &o"t f (e already at t(e st$ff a"y*ays5+
asde+ !learly+ Fro"t"o *a"ted so'e =$ra!t Co$g( Melts ba!-. A"d 1$dge 0o*ard *as o"ly
to eager to !('e " *t( (s assess'e"t t(at Roberts &o"t *as s$!( a good o"e+ des&te t(e fa!t
t(at &retty '$!( t(e &rose!$to"s *(ole !ase !a'e do*" to o"e s(eet of G =$ra!t Co$g( Melts
be"g fo$"d " Co$g(l"3s s(ort3s &o!-ets. F$rt(er+ t(e sear!( e8te"ded to all sorts of !argo
&o!-ets+ arg$ably *ell beyo"d t(e s!o&e allo*able for s$!( a sear!( "!de"t to arrest. T(ere
(as to be a l"e so'e*(ere. A body !a)ty sear!( *o$ld (a)e bee" '&er'ssble+ rg(t9 T(e"3s
t(ere3s Fro"t"o3s *(ole... 4% *as primarily *a"t"g to get t(e de"tf!ato"...t& toe"g aro$"d
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*(et(er (e barga"ed *t( t(e old 4g)e $s t(e st$ff ba!-+ a"d t3s all good5 a"d es&e!ally
*a"t"g to stay a*ay fro' t(e *(ole+ let $s !oer!e a !o"fesso" o$t of yo$+ $"der t(e g$se t(at
*e *ll let yo$ go+ o"ly to re"eg o" t(e deal o"!e yo$ "!r'"ate yo$rself....T(e" Fro"t"o tr&s
$& by ad'tt"g (e )e*s 4!oo&erato"5 to 'ea" 4!oo&erato" " *(ole5+ e+ g)"g t(e
de"tf!ato" a"d g)"g t(e st$ff ba!-+ or at least+ g)"g a !o"fesso". Clearly+ *t( Fro"t"o+
a"yt("g less t(a" !o"fess"g+ !o"se"t"g to a sear!(+ a"d g)"g so'et("g ba!- s ta"ta'o$"t
to be"g "o"F!o'&la"t+ a"d fal"g to !oo&erate...at *(!( &o"t (e !alls (s b$ddes o" t(e
Trbal /ol!e For!e ot !o'e " a"d do t(e '&er'ssble sear!("g<
! So do -"o* *(et(er or "ot t(e te's t(at *ere o" t(e re!e&t t(e a!!$sed got $&o" &ay"g for
te's *(at *as o" t(at re!e&t9
F % bele)e % already told yo$ 4"o5.
B:2EH2EH &.'.<
C % bele)e yo$ dd+ Sr. So 'y .$esto" s+ so yo$ do"3t -"o* *(et(er or "ot t(ree+ fo$r+ or f)e
bo8es of !o$g( dro&s *ere o" t.
F U'...t(ere *as "o !o$g( dro&s r$"g $& be!a$se % *as " &la" sg(t.
C T(ere *as "o !o$g( dro&s r$"g $& o" t(e re!e&t9 % a' "ot tal-"g abo$t t(e re!e&t of t(e
allegedly stole" te's...% a' tal-"g abo$t t(e re!e&t for so'e*(at for J7; or J@; aro$"d t(ere+
for t(e te's t(e a!!$sed &ad for.
F % !o$ld"3t s&ea- for e)ery...
0 Sto&A 6o$ (a)e already a"s*ered t(e .$esto"+ % -"o* t. As-ed a"d a"s*ered+ as- a"ot(er
.$esto".
C O-ay+ (e 7$st sad t(ere *as "o !o$g( dro&s o" t(e re!e&t+ t(at3s !orre!t9
f2 Co$g( dro&...
0 Sto&A % (a)e r$ledA As- a"ot(er .$esto".
C O>a;"""Do ;o* >no: :5et5er t5e a77*4e$ ,a$e an; 4tate,ent4 to t5e 7a452er :5275 re4*3te$ 2n t5e
7o*95 $ro+4 6e2n9 +*t on t5e re7e2+tM
F S5e :o*3$ 5a#e 5a$ to 5an$ >e; t5e, 2n 4o t;+e 2n t5e re7e2+t 4o"""2n ter,4 of #er6a3
7o,,*n72at2on I :o*3$ not 5a#e 6een a63e to 5ear 6*t 45e :o*3$ 5a#e 5a$ to 5an$ >e; 2n t5e
2te,4"""*,"""6a4e$ off of a UPC t5at 45e :o*3$ 5a#e 5a$ to 5a#e ,e,or2Le$ or t5at ;o* :o*3$ 5a#e
5a$ to 5a#e ,e,or2Le$""
B:2:;2:1 &.'.<
! O-ay+ b$t f s(e (ad r$"g $& o"e &a!-age of !o$g( dro&s+ s(e !o$ld (a)e 7$st...f o"e (ad (a)e
bee" &$r!(ased a"d r$"g $&+ a"d t(e"+ say t(e a!!$sed sad+ 4o(+ t(ere *as a !o$&le 'ore5+
t(e" s(e !o$ld (a)e 7$st (t t(e t'es 2+ t'es E b$tto" for .$a"tty...
f U'...% do"3t bele)e t(e !as( regsters....*(et(er or "ot t(ey stll allo* t(at or "ot...ts aga"st
&ol!y for t(e' to do t(at t(o$g(.
C O-ay+ so yo$ say 4*(et(er t(ey ST%LL allo* t(at5...so does t(at "d!ate t(at+ to yo$r
-"o*ledge t(at+ " t(e &ast+ s$!( a &ra!t!e (ad o!!$rred9
F 6es+ t(ey !o$ld.
F For "sta"!e+ f so'eo"e bo$g(t fo$r &a!-ages of det !o-es+ 12 &a!-s+ a"d t(ey dd"3t *a"t to
lft ea!( of t(ose (ea)y &a!-ages $&+ t(ey say2 4% (ad fo$r of t(ese5+ t(e" t(e !as(er !o$ld s!a"
o"e of t(e' a"d t(ey !o$ld say2 4o-ay+ a"d t(ere3s t(ree 'ore5 a"d !as(er *o$ld (t 4.$a"tty
t'es E5 or so'et("g l-e t(at...9
f 6es+ t(ey !o$ld+ b$t "ot " t(at order+ b$t yes t(ey !o$ld...
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! A"d yo$r test'o"y today s yo$ do "ot -"o* *(et(er a"y s$!( state'e"ts *ere 'ade
regard"g
f No+ % *as "ot " ears(ot of t(e !o''$"!ato" t(at yo$ g$ys (ad+ as % stated earler...
! O(+ % dd"3t realDe t(at s *(at yo$ stated...so yo$ are say"g t(at yo$ *ere "ot *t(" ears(ot
of t(e tra"sa!to" bet*ee" t(e a!!$sed...
0 0e testfed to t(at &re)o$sly+ MOIE ONA
C O-ay+ *as a"ybody t(at yo$ are a*are of at ?al'art...9
R Not+ as-ed a"d a"s*ered...
0 Not...as-ed a"d a"s*ered a"d ts "ot rele)a"t+ 3"ot(er .$esto"A
B:2:22:; &.'.+ 'a"+ 1$dge 0o*ard !erta"ly s (el&f$l to &rose!$tor Roberts+ !o"sta"tly
!('"g " *t( ob7e!to"s of (s o*" l-e t(e abo)e rele)a"!y ob7e!to"+ alt(o$g(+ ts (ard to
$"dersta"d (o* t(at *o$ld "ot be rele)a"t+ g)e" t !o$ld &ote"tally go dre!tly to *(et(er or
"ot t(e a!!$sed 'ade a" "d!ato" to t(e !as(er as to t(e .$a"tty of !o$g( dro&s &$r!(ased+
et!....<.
! =o yo$ -"o* *(et(er t(e a!!$sed "ot o"ly bo$g(t a &a!-age of t(e )ery !o$g( dro&s t(at are
alleged to be stole" (ere b$t also 'ade state'e"ts to t(e !as(er *t( res&e!t to a" addto"al
.$a"tty of t(e sa'e te' be"g &$r!(ased9
0 No*+ (e "d!ated t(at (e !o$ld "ot (ear t(e ds!$sso" bet*ee" yo$ a"d t(e !as(er9 =o yo$
re!all t(at test'o"y9 6et+ yo$ t$r" rg(t aro$"d a"d as- (' t(at .$esto" o"!e aga"...
! #e!a$se+ % see...
( As- a"ot(er .$esto"A
C 6o$r 0o"or+ ts be!a$se % see..
0 As- a"ot(er .$esto"A
C =d yo$ earler say yo$ !o$ld (ear *(at *as sad bet*ee" t(e !as(er a"d t(e a!!$sed9
F No+ % dd "ot.
C O-ay+ so a re)e* of t(e ta&e *o"3t s(o* t(at.
F No.
! So+ s t &ossble t(at...a"d 7$st to !larfy...yo$ sad yo$ do"3t -"o* *(at3s o" t(e...let3s !lal s
t(e J@; re!e&t...yo$ do"3t -"o* *(at te's *ere o" t(at9
F on t5e re7e2+t for t5e O/. of 2te,4 ;o* +*r75a4e$ at t5e fa7232t; no I $o not >no: :5at 2te,4 :ere
on t5at
B:2:E25: &.'. O(+ 'a"+ (ere 1$dge 0o*ard sees t !o'"g a"d really+ really *a"ts to try to
sto& t fro' (a&&e""g....'$st try to b$lly defe"da"t o$t of &o"t"g o$t a"ot(er " a l"e of
sale"t "!o"gr$tes " Fro"t"o3s test'o"y+ (ere+ t !o"!er"s t(e fa!t t(at Fro"t"o testfed
earler t(at (e -"e* "o !o$g( dro&s *ere r$"g $& by t(e !as(er+ yet 7$st abo)e (e testfed t(at
(e dd"3t -"o* *(at te's *ere o" t(at re!e&t...o"ly to t$r" aro$"d a"d assert t(at (s 4s&dey
)so"5 or *(ate)er e"able (' to ds!er" fro' t(e *o'e"3s !lot("g se!to" ea!( a"d e)ery
te' r$"g $&<
! So yo$ do"3t -"o* *(et(er or "ot t(ere s
( 0e does"3t -"o* *(at te's are o" t(e re!e&t
! O-ay+ b$t earler (e testfed t(at (e -"e* t(at t(e re!e&t dd"3t (a)e a" e"try for a bo8 of
!o$g( dro&s
0 As- a"ot(er .$esto"A AS> ANOT0ER KUEST%ONAALMJLMJLM:
C O>a; ear32er $2$ ;o* te4t2f; t5at ;o* >ne: a 6oD of t5at 4a,e UPC for t5o4e 7o*95 $ro+4 :a4
NOT on t5e O/. re!e&t9
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F % *at!(ed yo$r tra"sa!to" a"d % dd "ot see t(e de"t!al !o$g( dro&s r$"g $& o" yo$r
re!e&t..
! 6o$ watched t(e tra"sa!to"...yo$ *ere able to see t !losely e"o$g(...yet yo$ *ere"3t able to
hear a"y of t(e tra"sa!to"9
F T(at s !orre!t9
C =o yo$ (a)e so'e (ear"g &roble's9
F No+ % do "ot.
C Do ;o* 5a#e super powerful #242onM
F I 7an 42,+3; 4ee fart5er t5an I 7an 5ear +eo+3e 4+ea>2n9 at nor,a3 #o27e"
C A6o*t 5o: far :5ere ;o* fro, t5e +o2nt of r2n92n9 *+ t5e 2te,4 on t5e O/. re7e2+tM
F U5"""+ro6a63; a6o*t t52rt feet 6e52n$ ;o*""""6e52n$ t5e re924ter4"""
7 O>a; 4o :5ere ;o*"""":5en ;o* 4a; 6e52n$ t5e re924ter4 24 t5at""":o*3$ t5at +*t ;o* 73o4er to t5e
6a7> of t5e 4tore or t5e front of t5e 4toreM
F U,"""t5e front of t5e 4tore""
7 Near t5e entran7e"""
f U5"""no 6; 6a7> of t5e 4tore?front of t5e 4tore ;o*r ta3>2n9 a6o*t front to 6a7> 2t4 not re3e#ant to t5e
eD2t4"
C I 9*e44 2t4"""24 2t fa2r to 4a; t5e front of t5e 4tore 24 :5ere t5e eD2t4 areM
F Ye4"
C Entran7e an$ t5e eD2t4 at t5e front of t5e 4tore?
f Ye4"
C O>a; 4o 7an ;o* 92#e ,e 4o,e 2n$27at2on :5ere ;o* :ere 3o7ate$ at t5e t2,e t5e 2te,4 :ere
6e2n9 r*n9 *+M
F at t5e t2,e ;o* :ere 4+e72f27a33; 6e2n9 r*n9 *+ I :a4 4tan$2n9 2n :o,en04 a++are3 :5275 24
$2re7t3; 6e52n$ t5e re924ter4 2t4 a6o*t t:ent; feet a:a; fro, t5e re924ter4"""
7 Yo* 4a2$ ;o* :ere a6o*t t52rt; feet a:a;
f Corre7t I :a4 2n :o,en04 a++are3"
C So"""6*t t5en ;o* 4a2$ t:ent; feetM
R Yo*r Honor 5e04 rea33; 6e2n9 ar9*,entat2#e 5e eD+3a2ne$ :5ere 5e :a4 t5at t5en"""*,"""5e04
4+32tt2n9 5a2r4"""t5e :o,en04 $e+art,ent :a4 t:ent; feet a:a; 6*t t5en 5e 4a2$ 5e :a4 t52rt; feet
a:a; t5ere04 no 2n7on424ten7;"""I $on0t t52n> t5ere 24 e2t5er"""5ere04 t5e $ea3 Mr" Co*9532n :e 4tarte$
t5e te4t2,on; of t524 :2tne44 at a++roD2,ate3; B:&. an$ not 2t 24 a++roD2,ate3; &:&& +, I :ant ;o*
to eD+e$2te ;o*r 7ro44 eDa,2nat2on :5275 5a4 6een 8*2te eDten42#e an$ t5e 7o*rt04 9rante$ ;o* a
9reat $ea3 of 3ee:a; an$ I :ant ;o* to ,o#e to:ar$4 :ra++2n9 t524 *+" I $on0t :ant to 5ear
8*e4t2on4 t5at 5a#e a3rea$; 6een a$$re44e$ +re#2o*43; :2t5 t5at ;o* ,a; +ro7ee$"
C I0, 4orr; Yo*r Honor :o*3$ 2t 6e +o44263e to 5e3+ ,e f2n$ ,; +3a7e on :5et5er t5e 3a4t o6Ee7t2on
:a4 r*3e$ on"""o5 ;ea5 I re,e,6er 24 :a4 a6o*t t:ent; to t52rt; feet I :a4 4ee>2n9 73ar2f27at2on :2t5
re9ar$ to
H t5e o6Ee7t2on :a4 4*4ta2ne$"
C Mr" Front2no fro, ;o*r #anta9e +o2nt fro, 2n ;o*r :or$4 a6o*t t52rt; feet a:a; fro, :5ere t524
:a4 6e2n9 r*n9 *+ :5en ;o* :ere 3o7ate$ 2n t5e :o,en04 a++are3 4e7t2on 7o,+are$ to t5e re924ter
n*,6er <' ,a;6e"""
f U5"""I 6e32e#e 2t :a4 <' 6e7a*4e 2t :a4 t5e 729arette 243e 2f I re,e,6er 7orre7t3;""
7 Yo* :ere 4a;2n9 ;o* :ere a63e to $247ern ea75 an$ e#er; 2te, t5at :a4 r*n9 *+ on t5at O/. re7e2+t
an$ #er2f; to ;o*r4e3f t5at none of t5o4e 2te,4 5a$ t5e 4a,e UPC a4 t5e 7o*95 $ro+4 or t5e F7an$;
6arG"""
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=&:&/:(< +",")
f % !o$ld"3t tell yo$ t(at e)ery s"gle te' *as )erfed+ (o*e)er+ % (ad t(e &a!-ag"g to t(e
!o$g( dro&s+ a"d % *as s&e!f!ally loo-"g for t(e !o$g( dro&s beg" &$r!(ased...$'...% dd"3t
!are f t(ere *as ot(er !a"dy te's be"g &$r!(ased be!a$se t(ey dd "ot 'at!( t(e !o$g(
dro&s t(at % (ad " 'y (a"d...
! So yo$ say yo$ *ere "ot able to ds!er" e)ery te' &$r!(ased+ *(le at t(e sa'e t'e yo$
*ere able to ds!er" t(at "o"e of t(e te's &$r!(ased (ad t(e sa'e U/C as t(e !o$g( dro&s9
F No"e of t(e' (ad t(e sa'e &a!-ag"g t(erefore % !o$ld 'a-e t(e obser)ato" t(at t(ey !o$ld
"ot (a)e t(e sa'e U/C+ so..."o % !o$ld "ot read t(e U/C b$t t(ey *ere "ot t(e sa'e te's as
t(ey o"e3s % (ad...
! O-ay+ so f t(e a!!$sed *as able to &rese"t t(e J@; re!e&t a"d t (ad t(e e8a!t sa'e U/C as
t(e !o$g( dro&s+ t(at *o$ld dre!tly !o"trad!t *(at yo$ are say"g+ *o$ld"3t t+ Sr9
F 6es+ t *o$ld.
B:2:H2E5 &.'.<
! So+ 7$st to be !lear+ yo$ (a)e testfed (ere today+ t(at yo$ are absol$tely s$re t(at t(e J@;
re!e&t does "ot (a)e t(e te' *t( a"y e"try *t( t(e sa'e U/C a"d t(erefore t(e sa'e
&a!-ag"g+ as t(e !o$g( dro&s+ a"d t(at f s$!( a re!e&t s &rese"ted+ *t( t(e sa'e U/C+ t(e"
yo$r test'o"y *o$ld "e!essarly be '&ea!(ed
r Ob7e!to"+ t(at3s "o* !all"g for...$(...legal !o"!l$so" regard"g *(et(er (e3s '&ea!(ed or
"ot.
0 S$sta"ed.
C ?t(dra* t(at as&e!t *t( regard to *(et(er (e s '&ea!(ed or "ot...T(e"...yo$r test'o"y
*o$ld be "a!!$rate9
F % *o$ld say f yo$ *ere able to &ro)de a )ald re!e&t fro' t(at e8a!t tra"sa!to"+ t(e"+ yes+ t
*o$ld
! A"d do yo$ -"o* *(o t(e !as(er *as o" t(at tra"sa!to"9
F % do "ot -"o* *(o t(e !as(er *as+ "o.
C =o yo$ or a"yo"e yo$ are a*are of at ?al'art as- t(at !as(er *(et(er a"y state'e"ts *ere
'ade by t(e a!!$sed *t( regard to *(et(er t(ere *ere a .$a"tty to add o" a"y &$r!(ase9
F Not to 'y -"o*ledge+ "o.
! =d yo$ 'a-e a"y atte'&ts to .$ery t(at !as(er " t(at regard9
F No.
! A"d+ "obody else+ to yo$r -"o*ledge+ at ?al'art dd9
F No.
C =oes t(at see' re!-less to yo$9
B:25122@ &.'.<
r Ob7e!to"
0 S$sta"ed
B1$dge 0o*ard r$les o" t(e ob7e!to" before Roberts e)e" state (er bass+ aga" a"d aga"+ "
(er fa)or<
C 1$st a 'o'e"t ago yo$ sad+ *t( res&e!t to yo$r ds!er""g fro' t(rty feet a*ay " t(e
*o'e"3s !lot("g sle+ *(at
*as &$r!(ased at a &art!$lar !as( regster+ fro' be("d a s8 foot fo$r+ t*o ($"dred a"d ffty
&o$"d 'a"+ *(ere yo$ *ere sta"d"g...yo$ *ere able to see9
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f % *as "ot be("d+ $'...$'...s t(ere a .$esto"...$' % *as be("d t(e !as( regster+ % *as "ot
be("d yo$... % *as sta"d"g " *o'e"3s a&&arel+ so $"less yo$ *ere sta"d"g o" t(e !o")eyor
belt+ yo$ *o$ld"3t be blo!-"g 'y )e*..
B:2522;H &.'.<
! So *o$ld yo$ say yo$ *ere dre!tly be("d t(e !o")eyor belt9
F % *o$ld say t(at % *as...&robably "ot H; degrees be("d t...% dd"3t 'eas$re+ b$t % *as be("d
t+ a"d % !o$ld see t(e te's t(at *ere be"g &$r!(ased...
! Ea!( a"d e)ery o"e of t(e'
f 6es
! A"d yo$ *ere able to re'e'ber ea!( a"d e)ery o"e of t(ose te's for *(!( a"d J@; re!e&t
*as 'ade9
f Absol$tely "ot. %...%...% a' "ot say"g t(at % re'e'ber currently e)ery te' t(at yo$
&$r!(ased...% -"o* t(at yo$ dd "ot (a)e te's t(at o$r &$r!(ased t(at 'at!(ed t(e te's yo$
sele!ted a"d !o"s$'ed.
C ?ell+ t(at br"gs $&+ earler yo$ sad t(at 4% dd"3t ds!er" or )erfy *(et(er yo$ (ad
&$r!(ased t(e sa'e !a"dy te's+ % *as fo!$sed o" 'a-"g s$re yo$ (ad"3t &$r!(ased a" te'
*t( t(e sa'e U/C as t(e !o$g( dro&s...t(at3s *(at yo$ sad earler+ !orre!t9
R U(...$'...$(...Ob7e!to"+ aga"+ (e3s "ot restat"g t(e test'o"y a!!$rately.
0 %s t(at *(at yo$ testfed9
F % testfed t(at % *at!(ed a"d % *as primarily o"ly loo-"g for t(e te's t(at % (ad see" yo$
sele!t a"d !o"!eal or !o"s$'e
C %s"3t t a!!$rate to say t(at yo$r test'o"y earler *as t(at yo$ *ere &r'arly o"ly loo-"g
for t(e !o$g( dro&s...a"d t(e" yo$ 'ade a state'e"t abo$t "ot !ar"g *(et(er t(e !a"dy...
0 %s t(s a !o'&le8 .$esto" o"!e aga"9 AS> A KUEST%ON.
C O-ay+ earler yo$r state'e"ts *t( regard to *(at yo$ *ere &r'arly !o"!er"ed *t(+ dd
t(ey "ot s&e!fally l't yo$r !o"!er"s to t(e !o$g( dro&s9
F T(ey *ere &r'arly !o"!er"ed *t( t(e !o$g( dro&s be!a$se t(e !(o!olate te' *as stll left
a"d (dde" " t(e !art.
C % a' 7$st as-"g yo$+ Sr+ abo$t yo$r earler test'o"y+ "ot yo$r state of '"d abo$t *(at
yo$+ *(at yo$ feel abo$t t(e e)e"ts or yo$r re!olle!to"s+ 7$st *(at yo$ testfed to earler...s t
far to say t(at *(at yo$ testfed to earler *as t(at 4% *as &r'arly o"ly !o"!er"ed abo$t
'a-"g s$re t(at t(e !o$g( dro&s or a" te' of t(e sa'e U/C *as "ot be"g &$r!(ased5...to
t(e e8!l$so" of "ot !ar"g *(et(er or "ot s'lar !a"dy te's *ere be"g &$r!(ased9 =d yo$
"ot say t(at o" t(e re!ord today9
F % bele)e t(at % sad earler t(at % *as !o"!er"ed *t( t(e te's t(at yo$ (ad sele!ted a"d
!o"s$'ed...$'....t(e !o$g( dro&s *ere a &r'ary !o"!er"+ b$t+ yo$ also dd "ot r"g $&
a"yt("g t(at "!l$ded t(e !(o!olate te'.
C 6et+ earler+ dd"3t yo$ testfy t(at a "$'ber of !a"dy te's *ere sele!ted a"d later
&$r!(ased9
F 6es.
C #$t+ "o* yo$r are say"g+ t(at yo$r *ere so'e(o* able to )erfy a"d ds!er" fro' t(rty feet
a*ay t(at t(at &art!$lar !a"dy te' *as "ot...t(e U/C for t(at+ *as "ot also "!l$ded o" t(e
J@; re!e&t.
F % *as &r'arly o"ly !o"!er"ed *t( t(e !o$g( dro&s+ % *as *at!("g for t(e !a"dy+ t(e
*ra&&er...t(e !a"dy *as stll " t(e !art.
! A"d t(at3s *(ere % (a)e a" ob7e!to"+ "o"Fres&o"s)e.
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0 Are yo$ do"e9
C No S2r I a, not I E*4t o6Ee7te$ to t5e fa7t t5at 5e $2$n0t an4:er t5e 8*e4t2on I a4>e$" E#er;t2,e 5e
9et4 7ornere$ 5e 4tart4 ta3>2n9 a6o*t 2rre3e#ant 4t*ff"
B:2552:E &.'.<
0 %f yo$r te"der"g t(at ob7e!to" to t(e Co$rt+ ts o)err$led.
C ?ere yo$ able to )erfy+ fro' yo$r &osto" of so'e t(rty feet a*ay+ t(at t(e !a"dy te'
alleged to (a)e bee" stole"...a"d t(e U/C for t(at !a"dy te'+ *as "ot "!l$ded o" t(e J@;
re!e&t9
F % *as $"able to )erfy+ ot(er t(a" t(e fa!t+ t(at t *as "ot (a"d -eyed "+ t *as "e)er
&rese"ted for s!a"""g...
! O-ay+ b$t s'lar to t(e !o$g( dro&s+ yo$ *ere "ot able to )erfy t(at t(e sa'e te' *as -ey
"+ or a" te' *t( t(e sa'e U/C *as -ey "+ a"d $&o" t(at a .$a"tty "$'ber *as added to
t(e re!e&t to refle!t t(e &$r!(ase of t(e te'+ t(e !(o!olate te'+ yo$ are alleg"g *as stole"9
F 6o$ sele!ted t*o &a!-ages of !o$g( dro&s a"d o"e !a"dy bar+ a"d...a"d... o"e of t(at de"t!al
!(o!olate te'+ a"d "o 'ore+ so (ad...t(ere *(ere "o ot(er te's for 5er to be able to r"g $&
B:25G25G &.'.<
! ?ell earler yo$ testfed t(at a "$'ber of !(o!olate te's *ere &$r!(ased9
F T(ose s&e!f! o"es.
C ?ell yo$ also testfed t(at yo$ (ad "o dea+ s&e!f!ally+ *(at *as o" t(e J@; re!e&t9
F Corre!t+ % do "ot -"o* *(at *as o" yo$r J@; re!e&t.
C ?ell+ % t("- ts geo'etry or so'et("g fro' (g( s!(ool+ t(e tra"st)e &ro&erty of t(s a"d
t(at *o$ld s$ggest t(at (o* !o$ld (e "ot -"o* *(ats o" t(e
0 %TS ARGUMENTAT%IEA
C ?ell+ % a' as-"g ('..
0 %TS ARGUMENTAT%IEANOLJNJLMN
7 S2r 5o: 7an ;o* >no: 4o,et52n9 :a4 not on t5e re7e2+t 2f ;o* te4t2f2e$ t5at ;o* $on0t >no: :5at
:a4 on t5e re7e2+tM
F #e!a$se % sa* (o* 'a"y of t(e te's yo$ sele!ted.
C O-ay+ !a" yo$ g)e $s a s&e!f! "$'ber "o* a"d s&e!f!ally de"tfy " so'e *ay *(at t(ose
te's *ere9
B:25725H &.'.<
F yo$ sele!ted t(e t*o &a!-ages of !o$g( dro&s t(at % (a)e &!t$res of a" a re!e&t for+ a"d yo$
sele!ted t(e !(o!olate te'.
BNOTE2 (e says t*o &a!-ages of !o$g( dro&s...#UT ?OUL=N3T T0AT MA>E E #OPES %F
6OU A== T0E ONE ON T0E J@; RECE%/T9<
! O-ay+ a"d t(e" t(eres *as...% sele!ted a"ot(er J@; *ort( of st$ff9
f 6o$ sele!ted ot(er !a"dy te's+ yes+ a"d yo$ &ad for so'e of t(e' a"d yo$ left so'e of t(e'
at t(e regster.
C O-ay+ a"d (o* do yo$ -"o* t(at a'o"gst t(ose &ad for *as "ot a" te' *t( t(e sa'e
U/C9
B:25@22; &.' #AM 1U=GE 0O?AR= SLAMS SOMET0%NG =O?N ON 0%S #ENC0<
0 As-ed a"d a"s*ered a ($"dred t'es. % do"3t -"o* *(y yo$ !o"t"$e to beat t(s (orse+ %
really tr$ly do"3t. As- a"ot(er .$esto". Mr. Co$g(l"+ yo$ (a)e te" '"$tes re'a""g " t(e
!ross e8a'"ato" of Mr. Fro"t"o. % t("- t(at3s *(ere yo$ are (eaded " a"y e)e"t. Ar9*e 2t
on a++ea3" An$ 7*rrent3; 3et t5e re7or$ ref3e7t t5at 2t 24 no: f2#e ,2n*te4 to f2#e an$ t5at f2#e ,2n*te4
after f2#e Mr" Co*9532n04 te4t2,on; or 7ro44 eDa,2nat2on rat5er :233 6e ter,2nate$"
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C O>a;" D2$ ;o* ,a>e an; 4tate,ent4 to t5e Off27er a6o*t""" F:eG"""I 9*e44 ;o* 4a2$ F:eG an$ t5en
:e 4+e7*3ate$ a6o*t :5o, ;o* ,eant 6; F:eG a6o*t 5o: F:e0#e 6een :at752n9 t5e a77*4e$ an$ :e
f2r4t 6e7a,e a:are of or :orr2e$"""too> not27e of 52,""":5en 5e too> a +5oto9ra+5 of a te3e#242on
an$"""G t5en ;o* na,e$ 4+e72f27a33; a ,ana9er a 63on$ 5a2re$ 3a$; 2n 5er 3ate fort2e4"""D2$ ;o* ,a>e
4*75 4tate,ent4M
F Ne#er 5a#e I ,a$e 4*75 4tate,ent4"
=@:..:B@ +",")
7 D2$ ;o* ,a>e 4tate,ent4 to t5e In$2an Co3on; Off27er4 :2t5 re4+e7t to +re#2o*4 2ntera7t2on4 :2t5
t5e a77*4e$ t5at e3272te$ ;o*r 7on4ternat2onM
F U5""":at75 $oe4 F7on4ternat2onG ,eanM
C It ,ean4 ;o*r :ere 4*4+272o*4 of 52, 4o ;o* :ere :at752n9 52,M
f Ye4"
C Can ;o* 4+e72f; 2n $eta23 :5at t5o4e 4tate,ent4 :ereM
F T5at :e 5a$ 5a$ 244*e4 :2t5 t5e Defen$ant 2n t5e +a4t t5at""":e 5a$ 6een 5o+2n9 to tre4+a44 52, for
4*4+e7te$ a7t2#2e4 2n t5e
4tore for 4*4+e7te$ 5ar$:are 4:a++2n9 :2t5 3a+to+4 an$ t52n94 of t5at nat*re"""I 5a$ +re#2o*43; 4een
;o* an$ fo33o:e$ ;o* 6efore 6*t $2$ not $eta2n ;o* 6e7a*4e I :a4 5one4t3; 5o+2n9 for ,ore"""I :a4
5o+2n9 t5ere :o*3$ ,ore t5an a +a7>a9e of MXM04" So I 5a$ ,; o:n rea4on4 to fo33o: ;o* 6efore
t5e 2n72$ent 2n 8*e4t2on"
C O>a; 4o ;o*0re 4a;2n9 ;o* ,a$e no 4tate,ent4 to t5e In$2an Co3on; Off27er4 :2t5 re4+e7t to
4*4+272on 6e2n9 aro*4e$ 6; e2t5er ;o* or 4o,eone ;o* :or> :2t5 at 1a3,art 2n73*$2n9 a Mana9er
:5o 24 a fe,a3e re3ate$ to t5e ta>2n9 of a +5oto9ra+5 of a f3atA47reen te3e#242onM
F I +er4ona33; >no: not52n9 of t5e +5oto9ra+5" T524 24 t5e f2r4t t52n9 I 5a#e 5ear$ of 2t"
C I a, not a4>2n9 ;o* :5at ;o* >no: a6o*t t5e +5oto9ra+5 I a, a4>2n9 ;o* a6o*t t5e 4tate,ent4
;o* ,a$e to t5e In$2an Co3on; Po327e"
=@:.B:<( +"," C5e7> to 4ee Po327e :ere a4>e$ a6o*t t5e +5oto9ra+5)
f U5"""no I $2$ not ,a>e a 4tate,ent a6o*t a +5oto9ra+5"
C O>a; 4o 2f 4o,eone 5a$ 6een ta+e re7or$2n9 t5at 2ntera7t2on 6et:een ;o* an$ t5e In$2an Co3on;
Po327e an$ 2t re#ea3e$ t5at ;o* $2$ ,a>e 4*75 a 4tate,ent :o*3$ t5at ,ean t5at ;o* are 3;2n9 no:M
F Ye4 2f t5at :a4 t5e 7a4e 2f t5ere :a4 #2$eo e#2$en7e t5at :o*3$ 6e t5e 7a4e"
C Or a*$2o o>a;""""So ;o* 4a; at 4o,e +art of t5e 4tore ;o* :2tne44e$ not on3; t5e 7o*95 $ro+4
6e2n9 o+ene$ 6*t t5en 7on7ea3e$M
F Corre7t"
C D2$ ;o* e#er :2tne44 t5e 7o*95 $ro+4 6e2n9 7on4*,e$M
F So,e of t5e, :ere 7on4*,e$ 2n t5e 4tore"
=@:.(:<. +",")
H An$ 524 re4+on4e :a4 F4o,e of t5e, :ere 7on4*,e$ 2n t5e 4toreG"
C 15275 $oe4n0t 4+e72f; :5et5er 5e F:2tne44e$G t5e,"""2t ,295t 6e 4+e7*3at2on"""2t4 a !$ro$s :a; to
+5ra4e 2t
5 D2$ ;o* o64er#e 52, to 7on4*,e t5e 2te,4 :2t52n t5e 4toreM
F Ye4 S2r I $2$"
C So+ to be !lear+ yo$ are "ot say"g+ t(at yo$ obser)ed t(e a!!$sed !o"s$'ed t(e !o$g( dro&s
" t(e store9
B52;E2E@ &.' T0%S %S T0E F%RST T%ME FRONT%NO =EC%=ES TO SA6 0E ?%TNESSES
T0E COUG0 =RO/S #E%NG CONSUME=. AT ALL OT0ER T%MES 0E STO//E=
S0ORT OF SA6%NG 4CONSUME=5 AN= %NSTEA= ?ENT ?%T0 4SELECTE= AN=
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CONCEALE=5+ ?0EREU/ON 0E ALSO MA=E MENT%ON OF T0E ACCUSE=
ENTER%NG T0E RESTROOM AN= 0O? ?ALMART /OL%C6 =%= NOT ALLO? FOR
0%M TO FOLLO? %N TO T0E RESTROOM<
! So+ to be !lear+ yo$ are "o* say"g t5at ;o* o64er#e$ t5e a77*4e$ 7on4*,e t5e 7o*95 $ro+4 2n t5e
4toreM
F Ye4 S2r I a,"
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F T5ro*95o*t t5e 4tore"
C S+e72f27a33; :5ereM
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$o,e4t274""";o* :ere t5ro*95o*t t5e 4tore"""7on4*,2n9 foo$"
C O>a; no: ;o* are 4a;2n9 4!o"s$'"g food5
B52;:2;@ &.'.<
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C Are ;o* 4*re :5275 :a4 6e2n9 7on4*,e$M It 4o*n$4 a4 t5o*95"""
f I a, 4*re 6ot5 :ere 6e2n9 7on4*,e$"
C An$ 5o: are ;o* 4*reM
F I :at75e$ ;o* $o 2t"
C Ho: ,an; :ere 7on4*,e$M
F I $2$n0t 7o*nt"
C So ;o* :ere a63e to :at75 6*t ;o* :eren0t a63e to $247ern 5o: ,an;M
R O6Ee7t2on 5e 4a2$ 5e $2$n0t 7o*nt Yo*r Honor"
H S*4ta2ne$"
C So 5o: ,an; 7o*95 $ro+4 :ere re7o#ere$M
F U5""""+art of one +a7>a9e"""2t :a4 a++roD2,ate3; 42D o*t of one of t5e +a7>a9e4 t5at :ere re7o#ere$M
C O-ay+ so (o* 'a"y are " ea!( &a!-age9
B52;:25H &.'<
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:ere 2n 6324ter +a7>4
7" Not eno*95 to ,a>e t:o +a7>a9e4M
F No not eno*95 to ,a>e t:o +a7>a9e4M
C 1e33 t5en 5o: are ;o* a63e to a44ert t5at t*o :ere 4to3enM
f Be7a*4e ;o* o+ene$ t:o an$ ;o* 7on7ea3e$ t5e 7ontent4 of t:o"
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F 1233 ;o* a4> t5e 8*e4t2on a9a2nM
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F I ,a$e an a44*,+t2on t5at 6ot5 :ere 4to3en"
C An$ $2$ ;o* 5a#e an; e#2$en7e of t5at a44*,+t2onM
F 6o$ sele!ted a"d !o"!ealed t(e !o"te"ts of t*o &a!-ages.."t(at *as 'y ass$'&to". T5e
+a7>a9e4 :ere t5ro:n 2n t5e 9ar6a9e :5275 :o*3$ ren$er *4 *na63e to a77o*nt for t5e,"""
=@:.-:B' +"," THIS IS INTERESTING BECAUSE HERE FRONTINO CLASSIFIES HIS
TESTIMONY AS BOTH AN EYE 1ITNESS ACCOUNT OF COUGH DROPS BEING
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CONSUMED ONLY TO THEN CHARACTERIZE THE DECISION TO CHARGE FOR THE
COUGH DROPS AS TO BE PREMISED UPON HIS FASSUMPTIONG THAT HE MADE THAT
THE COUGH DROPS 1ERE CONSUMED IN THE RESTROOM"""SO 1HICH IS IT
FRONTINO DID YOU ACTUALLY PERCEIVED THE CONSUMPTION 1ITH YOUR O1N
EYES OR DID YOU HAVE TO FASSUMEG THEY 1ERE CONSUMED 1HILE THE SUSPECT
1AS IN THE RESTROOMM)
=@:.-:@. +",")
7 1e33 2f t5e 7ontent4 of t:o +a7>a9e4 :ere 4to3en e#en 2f 4o,e of t5e, :ere 7on4*,e$"""4*re3; ;o*
:o*3$ 5a#e re7o#ere$ 4o,e :ra++2n94 or 4o,et52n9 t5at :o*3$ a$$ *+ to t:o +a7>a9e4 2n72$ent to
t5e 2,+er,244263e 4ear75 :o*3$n0t ;o*M Yet ;o* $2$n0t" 0o* s t(at &ossble to say 4t*o *ere
!o"!ealed+ yet o"ly &art of o"e *as re!o)ered $&o" a f$ll sear!(5"
=@:.':<< +"," NEST IT IS INTERESTING TO NOTE THAT FRONTINO SAYS F1HETHER
THE REST 1ERE EATEN OR THE REST 1ERE FLUSHED IN THE TOILET"""G 1HICH
INDICATES A LACK OF CERTAINTY AS TO 1HETHER THEY 1ERE EATEN OR
CONSUMED"""YET CUST A MINUTE AGO FRONTINO AFTER APPARENTLY DEDUCING
THAT THE CASE 1OULD BE MUCH STRONGER IF HE 1OULD CUST SAY HE SA1 THE
COUGH DROPS BEING CONSUMED DID IN FACT TESTIFY THAT HE 1AS AN EYE
1ITNESS TO THE COUGH DROPS BEING CONSUMED""""1HICH BEGS THE !UESTION:
1HY DOES FRONTINO THEN TALK ABOUT HO1 HE MADE AN FASSUMPTIONG AND
THEN GO ON TO POSTULATE AS TO F1HETHER THE REST 1ERE EATEN OR THE REST
1ERE FLUSHED IN THE TOILET"""1ALMART LOST THAT PROPERTY""""G)
f 15et5er t5e re4t :ere eaten or t5e re4t :ere f3*45e$ 2n t5e to23et 1a3,art 3o4t t5at +ro+ert;"
C So+ o" *(at bass do yo$ !all t(e State do*" to arrest so'ebody9
=@:.':B% +"," ^ 32>e 2n4tan7e4 32>e )
F #ased $&o" t(e !(o!olate bar+ % 'ade t(at state'e"t !lear earler.
C O>a; 6*t ;o* 4t233 75ar92n9 t:o +a7>a9e4 of 7o*95 $ro+4 :5ere ;o* 5a#e "ot("g b$t a"
ass$'&to" to 4+ea> to one an$ a 5a3f +a7>a9e4 :ort5 of t5e 7ontent4 of t5e 7o*95 $ro+4"
H !*e4t2onM
C Yes+ do yo$ (a)e a"yt("g to s$&&ort *(at *as !(arged+ t(at t*o *ere stole" *(e" yo$ o"ly
re!o)ered after f$ll sear!( *(at yo$ allege to be (alf t(e !o"te"ts of o"e9
Roberts ob7e!to" as-ed a"d a"s*ered
0o*ard f yo$ !a" res&o"d &lease do
fro"t"g "o % 'ostly (a)e % bele)e % stated earler % ass$'ed yo$ (ad re'o)ed bot( fro' t(e
fa!lty be!a$se yo$ t(re* t(e &a!-ag"g to bot( a*ay a"d !o"!ealed bot(+ $'+ yo$ dd
!o"s$'ed so'e " t(e fa!lty % dd"3t !o$"t (o* 'a"y t(at *as
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a77*4e$ an$ t5e 7*4to,er 4er#27e 7o*nter :2t5 re4+e7t to t5e enfor7e,ent of t5e ret*rn +o327;
Ro6ert4 o6Ee7t2on re3e#an7e
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7o*3$ 4a#e t5at 244*e for a++ea3 or ,a>e a re7or$ t5at t524 2n8*2r; 5a4 6een re+3ete :2t5 nonAre3e#ant
re+et2t2o*4 2n8*2r; 2n 129an an$ at t524 +o2nt t5an> ;o* #er; ,*75
Ho:ar$ Ca33 ;o* neDt :2tne44
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Co*9532n Can I E*4t +re4er#e ,; o6Ee7t2on t5at I 5a#e ,ore 8*e4t2on4 for t5e :2tne44 E*4t $24,244e$
Ro6ert4 I 7a33 Of7" Cra:for$ a4 a :2tne44
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5a#e +r2or 7o,,2t,ent4
Ho:ar$ :e are 9o2n9 to 7ont2n*e on I t52n> I to3$ ;o* ear32er :5en I 4a2$ :e :ere 7an 5a#e t524
,atter re4o3#e$ ton295t
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Ho:ar$ t233 :e f2n245
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Ho:ar$ :233 7ont2n*e :233 7ont2n*e
Co*9532n I $on0t >no: t5at I 7an 4tate Yo*r Honor
Ho:ar$ +ro7ee$ :2t5 ;o*r 7a4e
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Cra:for$ Ka,eron Lane Cra:for$
Co*9532n Yo*r Honor ,a; I *4e t5e re4troo, 2n
Ho:ar$ :233 ta>e 2t ;o*0#e 9ot *nt23 @<. $on0t 6e 3ate
Co*9532n ,; 73o7> 4a;4 2t04 a t2,e no:
Ho:ar$ S2r ;o* 6etter 9et 9o2n9 an$ ;o*0#e 9ot *nt23 f2#e ten on t524 73o7> r295t 5ere :e are 9o2n9 to
+ro7ee$ at t5at t2,e t5e 7o*rt :233 re,a2n on t5e 6en75 =@:<.:@B +",")
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Ro6ert4 off27er Cra:for$ :5at 24 ;o*r Eo6
Cra:for$ IMO tr26a3 +o327e off27er for t5e Reno S+ar>4 In$2an 7o3on;
Ro6ert4 an$ 5o: 3on9 5a#e ;o* 6een e,+3o;e$ :2t5 t5e In$2an Co3on9;
Co*9532n E*4t 8*27>3; I :233 enter ,; o6Ee7t2on4 for t5e re7or$ :2t5 re9ar$ to an;t52n9 off27er
Cra:for$ ,a; :245 to te4t2f; :2t5 *n$er t5e eD73*42onar; r*3e o6Ee7t2on4 are
Ho:ar$ I 7an0t 5ear ;o* 42r
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4*9ar 24 I0, 5a#2n9 tro*63e I a, #er; t2re$ an$ 3295t5ea$e$ I +ro6a63; nee$ to eat 4o,et52n9
Ho:ar$ I 7an 5ear ;o* no: 9o a5ea$
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no: :245 to a++3; t5e, to off27er Ca,eron Cra:for$ ;o* >no: a33 t5e eD73*42onar; r*3e o6Ee7t2on4
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Ho:ar$:
Ro6ert Yo*r Honor I re8*e4te$
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Ho:ar$ :5at 24 ;o*r o6Ee7t2on4 S2rM
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t5e a33e9e$ fr*2t
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Ro6ert4 on Se+te,6er % of B.<< re#2e:2n9 tra2n2n9
Cra:for$ I :a4 ;e4
Ro6ert4 an$ Hoo42er tra2n2n9 off27er
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Cra:for$ off27er Donn2e Bra*n :ort5
Ro6ert4 an$ 524 CD off27er t5at 4o,e 5a33:a;
Cra:for$ ;e4
Ro6ert4 an$ :ere UN off27er Bra*n:ort5 $24+at75 to B&B@ E" Bn$ St" t5e 1a3,art 3o7ate$ t5ere
Cra:for$ ;e4
Ro6ert4 an$ 24 t5at 1a3,art 2n t5e 72t; of Reno =@:<':&' +"," IT IS INTERESTING TO NOTE
THAT ROBERTS DOES NOT RE!UEST HERE FOR THE COURT TO TAKE CUDICIAL
NOTICE AS TO CURISDICTION AND THERE IS A SALIENT POINT IN DISPUTE 1ITH
RESPECT TO 1HETHER THE CITY NEEDED TO ESTABLISH THAT COUGHLIN HAS NO
INDIAN OR TRIBAL BLOOD OR AFFILIATION AND THAT TRIBAL COURT IS NOT THE
APPROPRIATE FORUM FOR SUCH AN ARREST 1HERE AS HERE IT o77*rre$ ON TRIBAL
LAND)
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for 45o+32ft2n9
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7onta7t :2t5 t5e 4*4+e7t
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7o*rtroo, to$a;
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:o*3$ 6e 42tt2n9
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7ra:for$ I $2$ a4> 52, 8*e4t2on4
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+ro#2$e t5o4e +ro#2$e t5at 2nfor,at2on
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=THIS 1HOLE BUSINESS ABOUT PREFERRING TO 1RITE A CITATION SEEMS ALL THE
MORE PHONY IF 1RITING A CITATION 1OULD NOT TYPICALLY ENTAIL
CONDUCTING A SEARCH INCIDENT TO ARREST)
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Cra:for$ t5e2r f*33 na,e ;e4
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Cra:for$ 5e $2$ +ro#2$e 524 f*33 na,e ;e4
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=@:B<:@< +",")
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+ro#2$e ,e t524 2nfor,at2on" H24 ar9*,ent :a4 t5at 2t :a4 t5e 4a,e eDa7t 75ar9e an$ t5at I :a4n0t
5e3+2n9 52, an$ a33" I 4a2$ :e33 2t ;o* :o*3$n0t 5a#e to 9o to Ea23 ;o* 7o*3$ 9o 5o,e ton295t an$ 5e
4t233 ref*4e$ to an4:er an; 8*e4t2on4 an$ a4>e$ for an attorne;"
=@:BB:<< +",")
= Here Off27er Cra:for$ 24 3;2n9 *n$er oat5" He 24 atte4t2n9 t5at 5e offere$ to 42,+3; :r2te a 72tat2on
an$ t5*4 4+are t5e a77*4e$ t5e 7*4to$2a3 arre4t 2f on3; t5e ACCUSED 1OULD FPROVIDE HIS
INFORMATIONG AND SPECIFICALLY OFFICER CRA1FORD IS INDICATING THAT HE
DID NOT PREMISE THE DECISION BET1EEN ISSUING A CITATION OR EFFECTING A
CUSTODIAL ARREST =AND OF COURSE CONDUCTING A SEARCH INCIDENT THERETO
THAT ARREST) UPON 1HETHER OR NOT THE SUSPECT ADMITTED GUILT AS TO THE
PETTY LARCENY CHARGE" HO1EVER THAT IS ESACTLY 1HAT HAPPENED ON
SEPTEMBER %TH B.<< AT 1ALMART" BOTH FRONTINO AND CRA1FORD
SPECIFICALLY INDICATED TO THE ACCUSED THAT IF HE 1OULD ONLY ADMIT HIS
GUILT THEY 1OULD ISSUE HIM A CITATION AND THEREFORE HE COULD AVOID A
TRIP TO PARR BOULEVARD AND A SEARCH INCIDENT TO ARRESTK" THIS IS LIKELY
THE MAIN APPEALABLE ISSUE IN THIS CASE IE 1HETHER THE POLICE CAN BASE
THE DECISION TO ARREST RATHER THAN ISSUE A CITATION UPON 1HETHER OR
NOT THE SUSPECT CONFESSES GUILT RATHER THAN UPON SOME REASONABLY
ARTICULATED SUSPICION)")
Ro6ert4 o>a; 4o on7e 5e a4>e$ for t5e attorne; :a4 :a4 ;o*r $e7242onA,a>2n9 +ro7e44M
Cra:for$ I a$#24e$ 52, t5at I 7o*3$ no 3on9er a4>2n9 an; 8*e4t2on4 I ,ean I 7o*3$ 5a#e a4>e$ 52,
8*e4t2on4 re3ate$ to $ate of 62rt5 an$ 4t*ff 32>e t5at 6*t I 7o*3$n0t a4>2n9 8*e4t2on4 a6o*t t5e 7r2,e an$
t5en +3a7e$ 52, *n$er arre4t for +ett; 3ar7en; 6e7a*4e 5e ref*4e$ to 92#e t5e 2nfor,at2on to f233 o*t
t5e 72tat2on or to r*n 524 na,e for :arrant4 an$ 5e :a4 +3a7e$ *n$er arre4t at t5e t2,e"
=@:BB:&@ +"," THE ABOVE REPRESENTS 1HAT I FIND MOST OBCECTIONABLE ABOUT
THIS CASE" COUGHLIN =ACCORDING TO BAR COUNSEL PATRICK O" KING COUGHLIN
FUSED TO BE AN ATTORNEYG AND KING THINKS ITS CUST FTERRIBLEG SAID IN A
REAL MOCKING?DERISIVE TONE BY KING TO COUGHLIN THAT COUGHLIN IS FNO
LONGER AN ATTORNEYG"""KING ALSO HAS MADE A GREAT DEAL OF FALSE AND
MISLEADING STATEMENT TO AND ABOUT COUGHLIN AND REFUSED TO PROVIDE
COUGHLIN COPIES OF MOST OF 1HAT 1AS PROVIDED TO KING INCIDENT TO THE
VARIOUS FGRIEVANCESG FILED BY RICHARG G" HILL ES!" AND CUDGE DOROTHY
NASH HOLMES =1HOSE BOUNTY OF MATERIALS PROVIDED TO KING INCLUDE ITEMS
THAT HOLME0S FELLO1 RENO MUNICIPAL COURT CUDGE HONORABLE CUDGE
1ILLIAM GARDNER RECEIVED FROM #! !$%&' SECOND CUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
CUDGE LINDA GARDNER IN THE FORM OF A ( YEAR OLD SANCTION ORDER ISSUED
BY HON" LINDA GARDNER AGAINST COUGHLIN FOR 1HICH COUGHLIN FILED A
PETITION FOR 1RIT OF MANDAMUS AND 1AS ACCORDING TO HIS THEN
EMPLOYER 1ASHOE LEGAL SERVICES AND ITS ESECTUTIVE DIRECTOR PAUL
ELCANO FIRED FOR AND ONLY FOR THE CONDUCT BEFORE CUDGE LINDA
GARDNER THAT LED TO HER ISSUING SANCTIONS AGAINST COUGHLIN IN A DIVORCE
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TRIAL 1HEREIN HE REPRESENTED A VICTIM OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE INCIDENT TO
HIS POST AS A DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ATTORNEY 1ITH 1LS")
Co*9532n 4orr; I E*4t :o*3$ 32>e to 2nterEe7t 5ere :2t5 an o6Ee7t2on to t5e eDtent t5at an; 2nfor,at2on
93eane$ a re7o#ere$ for an arre4t for a ,24$e,eanor t5at $2$ not o77*r :2t52n t5e off27er4 +re4ent
45o*3$ 6e eD73*$e$ t5e a7t*4 re*4 2n#o3#e$ 2n t524 7r2,e 75ar9e 24 a33e9e$ to 5a#e o77*rre$ o*t42$e of
t524 off27er4 +re4en7e an$ NRS +ro#2$e4 t5at 2f t5at 24 t5e 7a4e no 7*4to$2a3 arre4t 24 +er,244263e a4
4*75 an; 4ear75 2n72$ent to arre4t an; 4*75 7*4to$2a3 arre4t 45o*3$ 6e eD73*$e$
Ho:ar$ M4" Ro6ert4
Ro6ert4 Yo*r Honor t524 off27er atte,+te$ to 6*23$ t5e 244*e t5e 4*4+e7t a 72tat2on an$ 2t04 524 o:n
a7t2on4 t5at +re#ente$ 52, fro, $o2n904 E*4t t5at 6e7a*4e 5e 7an0t f233 o*t t5e 72tat2on 2f 5e $oe4n0t
>no: t5e 2nfor,at2on t5at t5e $efen$ant 2n t5e 4*4+e7t 2n t524 7a4e :a4 *n:2332n9 to 92#e to 52, t5ere
:a4 a 7o,+3a2nant t5at o64er#e$ t5e ,24$e,eanor a7t2on an$ :5at 5e 24 $o2n9 24 affe7t2n9 arre4t
6a4e$ *+on 4tate,ent of an e;e:2tne44 t5at :a4 r295t t5ere I $on0t 6e32e#e t5ere :a4 an *n3a:f*3 arre4t
6; t524 +o327e off27er"
=@:B&:.B +",")
Ho:ar$ t5e o6Ee7t2on 24 o#err*3e$ Mr" Co*9532n +re72+2tate$ t5e nee$ to arre4t 52, 6; ref*42n9 to
+ro#2$e t5e nee$e$ 2nfor,at2on for t5e 72tat2on 9o a5ea$
Ro6ert4 Of7" Cra:for$ :5en ;o* after ;o*
Co*9532n on E*4t Internet o6Ee7t2on t5at t5at 24 a fa7t*a3 $eter,2nat2on t5at 5a4 a++arent3; 6een r*3e$
*+on +r2or to an; 7o*nter e#2$en7e t5e 29n2te$ or ,; 6e2n9 92#en an; 75an7e to 4o a$,2t 4*75 7o*nter
e#2$en7e
Ho:ar$ ;o* :233 5a#e an o++ort*n2t; to 7ro44AeDa,2ne t524 :a4
Ro6ert I E*4t :on$ere$ 5o: 3on9 2t :a; 6efore I 9ot 2nterr*+te$ 6efore I a4>e$ ,; neDt 8*e4t2on
=@:B&:.@ +",)
Ro6ert4 Of7" Cra:for$
Ho:ar$ 3et ,e 4a; an$ t524 24 for ;o*r 6enef2t on7e a9a2n :e :233 5a#e a 5ear2n9 2n re9ar$ to 7ontent
on7e t524 +ro7ee$2n9 24 7on73*$e$ 4o e#er; t2,e ;o* en9a9e 2n one of t5e4e *n+rofe442ona3 a7t4 I0,
>ee+2n9 7o*nt an$ :e :233 a$$re44 t5e, at t5e en$ of t524 tr2a3 o"e t("g (as "ot("g to do *t( t(e
ot(er I :233 ,a>e a 4e+arate an$ 2n$e+en$ent $e7242on 2n re9ar$ to 9*23t or 2nno7en7e 6*t I 5a#e
a3rea$; ,a$e a f2n$2n9 2n re9ar$ to 7onte,+t :2t5 t5at 9o a5ea$ an$ +ro7ee$
Co*9532n an$ I033 enter an o6Ee7t2on :2t5 re9ar$ to t5e fa7t t5at"""
Ho:ar$ % do"3t *a"t to (ear a"yt("g fro' yo$ at t(s &o"t t'eALQROJJRQOAJMN
Co*9532n at t5e +o4426232t; of Ea23 t2,e eD24t I 5a#e a r295t to 7o*n4e3
=So THAT MAY BE THE EVEN BIGGER APPEALABLE ISSUE HERE" FALSE
IMPRISONMENT
NRS B.."&-. Def2n2t2onK +ena3t;"
<" Fa34e 2,+r24on,ent 24 an *n3a:f*3 #2o3at2on of t5e +er4ona3 326ert; of anot5er an$
7on424t4 2n 7onf2ne,ent or $etent2on :2t5o*t 4*ff272ent 3e9a3 a*t5or2t;"
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B" A +er4on 7on#27te$ of fa34e 2,+r24on,ent 45a33 +a; a33 $a,a9e4 4*4ta2ne$ 6; t5e
+er4on 4o 2,+r24one$ an$ eD7e+t a4 ot5er:24e +ro#2$e$ 2n 4*64e7t2on ( 24 9*23t; of a
9ro44 ,24$e,eanor"
NRS <'<"<B- Arre4t 6; +r2#ate +er4on"
A +r2#ate +er4on ,a; arre4t anot5er:
<" For a &$bl! offe"se !o''tted or atte'&ted " (s &rese"!e"
B" 15en t5e +er4on arre4te$ 5a4 7o,,2tte$ a fe3on; a3t5o*95 not 2n 524 +re4en7e"
(" 15en a fe3on; 5a4 6een 2n fa7t 7o,,2tte$ an$ 5e 5a4 rea4ona63e 7a*4e for
6e32e#2n9 t5e +er4on arre4te$ to 5a#e 7o,,2tte$ 2t"
C2t; Attorne; Ro6ert4 offere$ te4t2,on; fro, 6ot5 Front2no an$ Off27er Cra:for$
+*r+ort2n9 to e4ta63245 t5at Front2no $2$ not ,a>e a 72t2Len04 arre4t" Ho:e#er Front2no $2$ 2nfor,
Co*9532n 2n an eDtre,e3; 5o4t23e an$ a*t5or2tat2#e tone t5at Co*9532n F5a$G to F7o,e :2t5G
Front2no 6a7> to t5e 3o44 +re#ent2on roo, 2n or$er for 1a3AMart to F7o,+3ete t524 2n#e4t29at2onG"
Co*9532n 73ear3; fe3t 5e 5a$ no 75o27e 2n t5e ,atter an$ t5at an; fa23*re to 7o,+3; :2t5 Front2no04
$27tate4 :o*3$ 6e e8*2#a3ent to re424t2n9 a 45o+>ee+er04 +r2#23e9e to ,a>e a t;+e of 72t2Len04 arre4t"
To t5e eDtent 1a3AMart an$ Front2no are #2e:e$ to 5a#e ,a$e t5e arre4t *n$er NRS <'<"<.& t5en
Co*9532n 73ear3; =6ot5 of t5e Interro9at2on Roo, #2$eo4 e4ta63245 t5at Co*9532n 5an$e$ 524 State of
Ne#a$a $r2#er04 327en4e to Off27er Cra:for$ $e4+2te Off27er04 Cra:for$4 4:orn eD+re44 te4t2,on;
to t5e 7ontrar;" In 4o $o2n9 an$ +ro#2$2n9 524 na,e an$ a$$re44 to Off27er Cra:for$ =an$
Co*9532n04 a$$re44 24 73ear3; 2n$27ate$ on 524 $r2#er04 327en4e a4 :e33) Co*9532n +ro#2$e$ a33 t5e
re8*2re$ 2nfor,at2on 4et fort5 2n NRS <'<"<''& for t5e 244*an7e of a 72tat2on after arre4t 6; a
+r2#ate +er4on *n$er NRS <'<"<''B"
NRS <'<"<.& Arre4t $ef2ne$K 6; :5o, ,a$e"
An arre4t 24 t5e ta>2n9 of a +er4on 2nto 7*4to$; 2n a 7a4e an$ 2n t5e ,anner a*t5or2Le$
6; 3a:" A" arrest 'ay be 'ade by a &ea!e off!er or by a &r)ate &erso""
NRS <'<"<''B %ss$a"!e of !tato" after arrest by &r)ate &erso".
15ene#er an; +er4on 24 arre4te$ 6; a +r2#ate +er4on a4 +ro#2$e$ 2n NRS <'<"<B- for
an; #2o3at2on of a 7o*nt; 72t; or to:n or$2nan7e or 4tate 3a: :5275 24 +*n245a63e a4 a
,24$e,eanor s$!( &erso" arrested 'ay be ss$ed a 'sde'ea"or !tato" by a
&ea!e off!er " le$ of be"g ''edately ta-e" before a 'agstrate by t(e &ea!e
off!er f:
<" T(e &erso" arrested f$r"s(es satsfa!tory e)de"!e of de"ttyK an$
B" T5e +ea7e off27er 5a4 reaso"able gro$"ds to 6e32e#e t5at t5e +er4on arre4te$ :233
>ee+ a :r2tten +ro,24e to a++ear 2n 7o*rt"
NRS 171.177: For' a"d !o"te"ts of !tato"2 ?(e" ss$ed after arrest by &r)ate
&erso".
<" In t5o4e 2n4tan7e4 $e47r26e$ 2n NRS <'<"<''B t5e +ea7e off27er 4*,,one$ after t5e
arre4t 45a33 +re+are a ,24$e,eanor 72tat2on ,an*a33; or e3e7tron27a33; 2n t5e for, of a
7o,+3a2nt 244*2n9 2n t5e na,e of FT5e State of Ne#a$aG or 2n t5e na,e of t5e
re4+e7t2#e 7o*nt; 72t; or to:n an$ 7onta2n2n9:
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=a) A not27e to a++ear 2n 7o*rtK
=6) T(e "a'e a"d address of t(e &erso"C
=7) T5e 4tate re924trat2on n*,6er of 524 #e5273e 2f an;K
=$) T5e offen4e 75ar9e$ 2n73*$2n9 a 6r2ef $e47r2+t2on of t5e offen4e an$ t5e NRS or
or$2nan7e 72tat2onK
=e) T5e t2,e :5en an$ +3a7e :5ere t5e +er4on 24 re8*2re$ to a++ear 2n 7o*rtK
=f) S*75 ot5er +ert2nent 2nfor,at2on a4 ,a; 6e ne7e44ar;K an$
=9) T5e 429nat*re4 of t5e +r2#ate +er4on ,a>2n9 t5e arre4t an$ t5e +ea7e off27er
+re+ar2n9 t5e 72tat2on"
NRS <'<"<B& Arre4t 6; +ea7e off27er or off27er of Dr*9 Enfor7e,ent A$,2n24trat2on"
<" ED7e+t a4 ot5er:24e +ro#2$e$ 2n 4*64e7t2on ( an$ NRS ((".'. an$ (("(B. a
+ea7e off27er or an off27er of t5e Dr*9 Enfor7e,ent A$,2n24trat2on $e429nate$ 6; t5e
Attorne; Genera3 of t5e Un2te$ State4 for t5at +*r+o4e ,a; ,a>e an arre4t 2n
o6e$2en7e to a :arrant $e32#ere$ to 52, or 5er or ,a; :2t5o*t a :arrant arre4t a
+er4on:
=a) For a +*6327 offen4e 7o,,2tte$ or atte,+te$ 2n t5e off27erP4 +re4en7e"
=6) ?(e" a &erso" arrested (as !o''tted a felo"y or gross 'sde'ea"or+
alt(o$g( "ot " t(e off!erSs &rese"!e.
NRS <'<"<B&=<)=6): F=6) 15en a +er4on arre4te$ 5a4 7o,,2tte$ a fe3on; or 9ro44
,24$e,eanor a3t5o*95 not 2n t5e off27erP4 +re4en7eG :a4 73ear3; #2o3ate$ 5ere 6; Off27er4 Cra:for$
an$ Bra*n:ort5" T5e 75ar9e$ 7r2,e F+ett; 3ar7en;G RMC /"<.".<. 24 a 42,+3e ,24$e,eanor an$
2t :a4 not a33e9e$ to 5a#e o77*rre$ 2n t5e off27er04 +re4en7e" Enter Off27er Cra:for$04 +erE*r; a6o*t
Co*9532n fa232n9 to +ro#2$e Off27er Cra:for$ 524 327en4e" Enter a nat2ona33; +*63245e$ A44o72ate$
Pre44 4tor; t2t3e FReno Attorne; S*4+ene$ for S5o+32ft2n9G" Enter #a4t $a,a9e to Co*9532n04
+rofe442ona3 re+*tat2on an$ +er4ona3 32fe 2n73*$2n9 t5e 2n4tant te,+orar; 4*4+en42on an$ 3oo,2n9
D2472+32nar; Boar$ for,a3 5ear2n9" T5en t5ere 24 t5e 63oo$ 2n t5e :ater 45ar>4 32>e R275ar$ G" H233
E48" +re; *+on 3e#era92n9 to t5e2r a$#anta9e :2t5 a33 t5e 2nn*en$o t5e; 7an ,*4ter =H233 ,a$e ta7>;
a33e9at2on4 of f2n$2n9 a F7ra7> +2+e an$ a 6a9 of :ee$G 2n Co*9532n04 for,er 5o,e 3a: off27e t5o*95
H233 ne#er $2$ ,ana9e to +ro$*7e a +27t*re of 4*75 2te,4 or eD+3a2n :5at 5e $2$ :2t5 t5e, or :5; 5e
$2$ not 7a33 t5e +o327e to re+ort t5e 7r2,e of +o44e442on"""7erta2n3; R275ar$ 5a4 7a33e$ t5e Reno Po327e
De+art,ent or Bar Co*n4e3 at e#er; ot5er +o44263e o++ort*n2t; 4o""""B*t at 3ea4t H233 ,a$e 524 fa34e
$efa,ator; an$ $e73a44e a33e9at2on4 a9a2n4t one :5o, 5a4 +*t 2n t5e 5ar$ t2,e a,on94t t5o4e
3a:;er4 7on7erne$ for 3a:;er4 =an$ a fe: E*$9e4) :5o, 5a#e 4tare$ t52n94 $o:n t5at 4o,eone of
H23304 $e+t5 :o*3$ f2n$ to 6e an *nfat5o,a63e a6;44" 12t5o*t t5e a33e9e$ 7r2,e 6e2n9 7o,,2tte$ 2n
t5e2r +re4en7e t5e4e Tr26a3 Po327e Off27er4 =an$ Off27er Cra:for$ :a4 2n 524 f2r4t t:o :ee>4 on t5e
Eo6 at t5e t2,e of t524 arre4t an$ 4t233 a tra2nee :5275 24 o6#2o*4 6; t5e :a; 5e 9ra64 Co*9532n04
45o++2n9 6a9 o*t of Co*9532n04 3a+ at 3ea4t t:27e +r2or to t5e te75n27a3 +o2nt of arre4t a4 e#2n7e$ on
t5e t:o Interro9at2on Roo, #2$eo4) 5a$ to atte,+t to 9a,e t5e 4;4te, 4o,e 6; offer2n9 +erE*re$
te4t2,on; t5at 24 73ear3; 7ontra$27te$ 6; t5e t:o Interro9at2on Roo, #2$eo4 t5at +ro4e7*tor C2t;
Attorne; Pa, N2fon9 er Pa,e3a Ro6ert4 E48" offere$ to C*$9e Ho:ar$ $e4+2te t5e fa7t t5at SHE
KNE1 IS 1AS FALSE" 1HY DOESN0T BAR COUNSEL ACCEPT MY GRIEVANCE
AGAINST PAM ROBERTSM DOES SHE PLAY 1ITH SOME NET THAT THE REST OF US
SOLO PRACTITIONERS ARE NOT GRANTEDM IS SHE A PROTECTED MEMBER OF SOME
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ESTABLISHMENT LIKE ALL THE PUBLIC DEFENDERS 1HOM ARE SEEMINGLY HELD
TO AN ENTIRELY DIFFERENT STANDARD OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT THAN ARE
THOSE THE SUBCECT OF THE FGRIEVANCESG FILED BY RICHARD G" HILL ES!" =on
6e5a3f of for,er 732ent04 t5at H233 t5ro:4 *n$er t5e 6*4 no 3e44 an$ of 7o*r4e after 5a#2n9 eDtra7te$
4o,e OB.... 2n fee4 fro,"""") an$ C*$9e Na45 Ho3,e4M 15; 24 2t t5at Bar Co*n4e3 Patr27> K2n9 4o
8*27>3; $24,244e4 t5e #ar2o*4 9r2e#an7e4 Co*9532n f23e$ after t5e 2n4+2rat2on +ro#2$e$ 6; H233M If
Co*9532n04 3a: 327en4e 24 ta>en a:a; o#er a 7an$; 6ar a33e9e$3; 4to3en on a Sat*r$a; n295t an$
no:5ere near t5e +ra7t27e of 3a:"""t5en :5at 45o*3$ Ro6ert04 +*n245,ent 6e for offer2n9 ,ater2a3
te4t2,on; 6; a +o327e off27er t5at 45e >ne: to 6e fa34e a6o*t an 2n7re$263; 4a32ent a4+e7t of 5er 7a4e
2n 752efM
C3ear3; t5e o#er3; 75*,,; Front2no an$ Off27er04 Bra*n:ort5 an$ Off27er Cra:for$ =a33
:5o :ere +a332n9 aro*n$ :2t5 ea75 ot5er for o#er &@ ,2n*te4 2n t5e 5a33:a; +r2or to tr2a3 an$ a33 :5o
re,a2ne$ at t5e 7o*rt5o*4e *nt23 /:(. +"," to 5ear t5e #er$27t Aan$ Front2no :a4 $one te4t2f;2n9 6;
@:<. +"," an$ C2t; Attorne; Ro6ert04 2n#o>2n9 t5e r*3e of eD73*42on +re#ente$ 52, fro, +a442n9 t5e
t2,e a4 a 4+e7tator) :ere F9a,2n9G t5e 4;4te, :2452n9 to effe7t a 4ear75 2n72$ent to a 7*4to$2a3
arre4t an$ to 7o#er t5e2r tra7>4 after:ar$4 to ,a>e 2t a33 a++ear 6; t5e 6oo> :5at :2t5 t5e2r 7on4tant
*4e of 6*LL :or$4 $e32#ere$ 2n t5e 3ea4t nat*ra3 tone 2,a92na63e *+on t5e :2tne44 4tan$ 2n re4+on4e to
C2t; Attorne; Ro6ert4 +ro,+t2n9 =an$ after a 9oo$ &@ ,2n*te $oe4 of 7oa752n9 6; C2t; Attorne;
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52,4e3f 2n 7a4e 5e 5a4 an; :ea+on4 4o 5e $oe4n0t 5*rt an off27er or 52,4e3f
=@:B-:(@ +"," ITS FUNNY BECAUSE SOME MIGHT SAY THE TERRY PAT DO1N
1EAPONS SEARCH TESTIFIED TO EARLIER SHOULD HAVE ACCOMPLISHED THE
OBCECTIVES OFFICER CRA1FORD CUST MENTIONED BUT GUESS NOT"""EVEN
THOUGH AT THIS POINT THE DEFENDANT 1OULD HAVE HIS HANDS CUFFED BEHIND
HIS BACK)
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on t5e a77*4e$ or offer to an$ f*rt5er ne9329en7e :a4 eD5262te$ 2n ;o*r fa23*re to $o 4o on7e t5e
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Co*9532n I :o*3$ 32>e to
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Co*9532n :5o :ere ta3>2n9 a6o*t t5e o6Ee7t2on 5ereM An$ t524 24 ;o*r o6Ee7t2on Yo*r HonorM
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Co*9532n ;o* believe 4o
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Cra:for$ one of t5e t:o ;e4
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believe... M295t0#e 6een 524 5ea$""",295ta 6een 524 foot""""GI E*4t $on0t >no:G""" 24 t5at tr*eM
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=@:(@:@/ +"," GOOD GA1D 1AS THAT A SHAKEY DEPICTION OF THINGS THAT MIGHT
HAVE HAPPENED MISED 1ITH FACTUAL TIDBITS CONNOTING CERTAINTY DRESSED
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>no:4 :5et5er or not t5e +er4on :5o4e 7ar 2t :a4 >ee+4 t5ere04 73eanM
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12t5 re4+e7t to t5e *+7o,2n9 7r2,2na3 tre4+a44 ,atter an$ 4o,e ot5er ,atter4 6ro*95t *+ 2n
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2n4t2t*te$ E*4t +r2or to Co*9532n04 arre4t an$ 7on#27t2on for +et2t 3ar7en; of a 7an$; 6ar fro, a 1a3A
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+*63245 an$ 9et t5e Ne#a$a S*+re,e Co*rt to 429n off on 4*75 a rent e47ro: 2n 4*,,ar; e#27t2on r*3e
32>e CCRLV && +r2or to 7ontra#en2n9 t5e eD+re44 $27tate4 of a 4tat*tor; 475e,e 32>e t5at fo*n$ 2n NRS
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CV<<A.(<B- A ZACH COUGHLIN VS" MATT MERLISS M"D" et a3"
F232n9 Date: 1e$ne4$a; O7to6er B-t5 B.<< T;+e: GC A GENERAL CIVIL
B*t 7erta2n3; t5e Reno C*4t27e Co*rt 24 324te$ a4 a +art; an$ Ne#a$a Co*rt Ser#27e4 24 324te$
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C*$9e 12332a, Gar$ner H7o*3$n0t re,e,6erH 2f 5e >ne: an;t52n9 a6o*t 524 RMC 7oAE*$9e C*$9e
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RMC Mar45a33 S7ott Co++a :5o, :a4 2n t5e +art; tran4+ort2n9 Co*9532n to 1a45oe Co*nt;
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:5ere2n Tarter 5a$ 244*e$ Co*9532n t5ree traff27 t27>et4 2,,e$2ate3; after te332n9 Co*9532n to 3ea#e
R275ar$ G" H23304 off27e :5ere H233 :a4 :2t55o3$2n9 Co*9532n04 4tate 244*e$ 2$ent2f27at2on =$r2#er04
327en4e) an$ Co*9532n04 :a33ett an$ 732ent04 f23e4 a4 :e33 5a4 7o,+*ter 5ar$ $r2#e4 =at 3ea4t one 5ar$
$r2#e :a4 a77e44e$ $*r2n9 t5e - :ee>4 2t an$ Co*9532n04 732ent04 f23e4 re,a2ne$ 2n H23304 +o44e442on
=H233 5a$ to 9o on #a7at2on for - :ee>4 4o $e4+2te t5e $27tate of a 5ear2n9 :2t52n <. $a;4 of
Co*9532n04 No#e,6er <-t5 B.<< f232n9 of a Mot2on to Conte4t Per4ona3 Pro+ert; L2en *n$er NRS
&."B@(=')A=/) a 5ear2n9 :a4 not 5e3$ *nt23 De7e,6er B.t5 B.<< at :5275 t2,e C*$9e SferraLLa ,a$e
Co*9532n +a; O&/. for H4tora9e fee4H of 524 +er4ona3 +ro+ert; $e4+2te t5e fa7t t5at 2t4 :a4 on3; 4tore$
for <' $a;4 an$ :o*3$ f2t 2n a <. D (. 4tora9e 45e$ t5at :o*3$ nor,a33; 7o4t a6o*t =O<.. +er ,ont5)
an$ $e4+2te H233 5a#2n9 a$,2tte$ t5at t5e 42te of Co*9532n04 for,er 3a: off27e :a4 6*r93ar2Le$ on
De7e,6er <Bt5 B.e t524 92r3 5ot a33 :a4 4to3en eD7e+t t5at
5e $2$ not27e t5e -B 2n75 DLP HDTV :a4 ,2442n9 a4 :e33 a4 4o,e ot5er f3at 47reen4 5295 en$ a*$2o
- %.?%@ -
01100
5
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1
2
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6
7
8
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11
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24
26
27
28
e8*2+,ent an$ t5at t5e 3a: off27e 3oo>e$ 7o,+3ete3; torn a4*n$er"
12t5 Co*9532n04 7on#27t2on 6; C*$9e4 Gar$ner an$ Na45 Ho3,e40 Reno M*n272+a3 Co*rt 7oA
E*$9e C*$9e Kennet5 Ho:ar$ =:5o, a34o 4enten7e$ Co*9532n to ( $a;4 2n Ea23 for H4*,,ar;
7onte,+t t5o*95 a++arent3; *n32>e C*$9e Na45 Ho3,e4 not 7onte,+t of a H7r2,2na3H nat*re) 2n
RMC << CR BB<'- t5e 2n72$ent to t5e 1a3AMart H7an$; 6ar an$ 7o*95 $ro+4H +et2t 3ar7en; ,atter
for :5275 Co*9532n :a4 7on#27te$ an$ 5a$ 524 3a: 327en4e 4*4+en$ re7ent3; ,a>2n9 2t 2nto a 4tor; 6;
t5e A44o72ate Pre44 =AP) +*63245e$ 2n 3o7a3e4 a4 far a:a; a4 In$2ana 2t :233 6e 2ntere4t2n9 to 4ee
:5et5er an; of t5e a6o#e ,a>e4 a 7an$; 6ar 3oo> a 32tt3e de minimis"
F2na33; t5e *n$er429ne$ a7>no:3e$9e4 t5at t524 4*6,2442on 24 rat5er 3en9t5; 5o:e#er t5e
*n$er429ne$04 an$ 524 fa,23;04 32#e4 :ere ne9at2#e3; affe7te$ 2n t5e eDtre,e 6a7> 2n B..B :5en 5e
too> t5e Fa$#27eG of t5e C5ara7ter an$ F2tne44 Co,,2ttee an$ :ent :2t5 Fone of t5e t5ree +ro 6ono
attorne;04 :e :233 +ro#2$e ;o* t5e na,e4 of"""G =on3; one na,e :a4 +ro#2$e$ 2t 7o4t O@... t5ere
eD24t4 a tran47r2+t of t5e 5ear2n9 5e atten$e$ :5ere2n 5e ,ent2on4 t5at 524 re+re4entat2on :a4 +ro
6ono t5en fa234 to 73ar2f; t5at 5e :a4 a7t*a33; 9ett2n9 +a2$ O@... an$ t5ereafter +a44e$ off t5e 7a4e
to 524 f2r4t ;ear a44o72ate :5ere*+on 2t +ro,+t3; 3an9*245e$ *nt23 a33e9e$3; t524 Co*rt $e72$e$ to
9rant Co*9532n a 327en4e 2n Se+te,6er of B..& =a4 t5e re7ent SCR <<' Pet2t2on 4tate4) 5o:e#er $*e
to t5at attorne;04 ne9329ent re+re4entat2on an an9r; 4o*n$2n9 3etter fro, t5e C5a2r,an of t5e
C5ara7ter an$ F2tne44 7o,,2ttee 2n Can*ar; B..( e44ent2a33; te332n9 Co*9532n to 8*2t 6e2n9 a 48*ea>;
:5ee3 an$ +er5a+4 anot5er 2n4tan7e of t5e D2re7tor of A$,2442on4 $e72$2n9 not to for:ar$ on 4o,e
>e; $o7*,ent +ro#2$e$ 5er to t524 Co*rt for re#2e: =a4 45e $2$ at t5e en$ of t524 Co*rt04 $efer,ent
+er2o$ 2n Se+te,6er B..( 2n 7onne7t2on :2t5 Co*9532n04 a++327at2on for a 327en4e to +ra7t27e
3a:""")"""4o t5e *n$er429ne$ 4*6,2t4 t5e ,ater2a34 5ere2n 2n an effort to $e,on4trate 524 7o,+eten7e a4
- %<?%@ -
01101
5
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28
a +rofe442ona3 an$ eDtre,e $e42re to re,a2n a 327en4e$ ,e,6er of t5e State Bar of Ne#a$a an$ to
5a#e t5e te,+orar; 4*4+en42on 4et a42$e"
CONCLUS%ON
T5e *n$er429ne$ a4>4 t524 Co*rt re4+e7tf*33; to 7on42$er 4ett2n9 a42$e 2t4 te,+orar;
4*4+en42on of 524 3a: 327en4e an$ to a33o: t5e *n$er429ne$ a$$2t2ona3 t2,e to 4*++3e,ent t524
O++o42t2on an$ 5ea#23; e$2t an$ +roof rea$ 2t an$ re4+e7tf*33; a+o3o92Le4 for t5e ro*95 $raft 8*a32t;
of t524 :or> 6*t +o2nt4 to t5e eD29en72e4 +re4ent re8*2r2n9 t5at 2t 6e 4*6,2tte$ 4o"""
AFFIRMATION P*r4*ant to NRS B(%B".(.
T5e *n$er429ne$ $oe4 5ere6; aff2r, t5at t5e +re7e$2n9 $o7*,ent $oe4 not 7onta2n t5e 4o72a3 4e7*r2t;
n*,6er of an; +er4on"
Re4+e7tf*33; 4*6,2tte$ t524: C*ne </t5 B.<B
?4? Za75 Co*9532n 429ne$ e3e7tron27a33;
Za75 Co*9532n E48"
PO BOS (%-<
Reno NV /%@.@
Pro Per Attorne;
- %B?%@ -
01102
5
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DECLARATION OF ZACH COUGHLIN IN SUPPORT OF THE FOREGOING DOCUMENT
<" T524 De73arat2on 24 ,a$e +*r4*ant to t5e +ro#242on4 of NRS @(".&@ I a, +re4ent3; 2n t5e State of
Ne#a$a an$ I $e73are *n$er +ena3t; of +erE*r; t5at t5e fore9o2n9 24 tr*e an$ 7orre7t 4*6Ee7t to t5e
7a#eat t5at t524 f232n9 nee$4 ,*75 ,ore +roof rea$2n9 5o:e#er t5e eD29en7; of t5e *n$er429ne$
7r2,2na3 tre4+a44 tr2a3 :2t52n a ,atter of 5o*r4 an$ t5e 4+e7tre of Hon" C*$9e L2n$a Gar$ner04 6rot5er
Hon" C*$9e 12332a, Gar$ner 2n7ar7erat2n9 t5e *n$er429ne$ at 3en9t5 +re4ent4 a 42t*at2on :5ere2n t524
f232n9 24 4o,e:5at r*45e$" Co*9532n :245e4 for t524 to a++3; to t5e SCR <<' +et2to2n a4 :e33"
B" De73arant 24 t5e Attorne; 2n t5e a6o#e t2t3e$ a7t2on"
(" De73arant a#er4 t5at t5e fa7t*a3 4tate,ent4 4et for a6o#e 2n t5e fore9o2n9 $o7*,ent are to t5e
6e4t of 524 >no:3e$9e an$ *n$er4tan$2n9 a77*rate"
&" I Za75 Co*9532n a, a#a23a63e to te4t2f; 2f ne7e44ar; a4 to t5e4e ,atter4" I $e73are *n$er +ena3t;
of +erE*r; t5at t5e fore9o2n9 24 tr*e an$ 7orre7t"
Date$ t524 C*ne </t5 B.<B
?4? Za75 Co*9532n
Za75 Co*9532n
Pro Per Attorne;
- %(?%@ -
01103
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6
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8
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28
Proof of Ser#27e:
On t524 $ate I Za75 Co*9532n e3e7tron27a33; 4er#e$ a tr*e an$ 7orre7t 7o+; of t5e fore9o2n9
$o7*,ent to a33 re924tere$ e3e7tron27 f23er4 an$ to t5o4e :5o, are not I +3a7e$ a tr*e an$ 7orre7t 7o+;
of t5e fore9o2n9 $o7*,ent 2n t5e *4+4 ,a23 on t524 $ate:
Patr27> O" K2n9 E48" A4424tant Bar Co*n4e3
%&@- Do*63e R" B3#$ S*2te B
Reno NV /%@B<
Date$ t524 C*ne <Bt5 B.<B
?4? Za75 Co*9532n
Za75 Co*9532n
Pro Per Attorne;
- %&?%@ -
01104
5
10
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20
25

1
2
3
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6
7
8
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28
%N=EP TO EP0%#%TS
<" ED5262t <: T5e t:o 1a3AMart re7e2+t4 fro, Se+te,6er %
t5
B.<< one for O/("/B re+re4ent2n9 2te,4
4e3e7te$ an$ +a2$ for an$ one for O<&"'B re+re4ent2n9 2te,4 a33e9e$3; 7on4*,e$ :523e 45o++2n9 an$
not +a2$ for an$ +roof of t5e eDa7t 2te, re+re4ente$ 6; t5e #ar2o*4 Un2#er4a3 Par7e3 Co$e4 =UPC)
2n$27ate$ on t5e re4+e7t2#e re7e2+t4K fo*r =&) +a9e4"
B" ED5262t B: D247o#er; +ro+o*n$e$ 6; t5e C2t; of Reno C2t; Attorne;04 Off27e 2n RMC << CR
BB<'- 2n73*$2n9 RSIC Off27er Cra:for$04 FArre4t Re+ort an$ De73arat2on of Pro6a63e Ca*4eG an$
524 FIn72$ent Re+ortG an$ 1a3AMart04 T5o,a4 Front2no04 429ne$ 4:orn Cr2,2na3 Co,+3a2ntK 4e#en
=') +a9e4"
- %@?%@ -
01105

EXHIBIT 1
01106
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01107
NOTE: this is a "receipt" for the allegedly stolen or consumed items
propounded in discovery by the Reno City Attorney
01108

Magnum Ice Cream Bar Nutrition Information | ShopWell
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NOTE: the URL listed above for this page ends with
the UPC of this "Magnum Double Caramel Ice Cream
Bar", 7756713282 (the "zero" at the start of that
number on the $14.72 Wal-Mart receipt is
Browse Foods
traditionally left off of UPC notations, as here).
Download iPhone App
This frozen or refrigerated item would not be
found in "the candy isle" as Thomas Frontino swore
that he "personally eye witnessed"
Magnum Ice Cream Bar
Coughlin select it from "the candy isle"
and also swore that none of Wal-Mart's
S, Double Caramel 3.38 oz
legion of cameras captured any of that
activity on video...
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Ingredients:
Ice Cream: Milk, Cream, Sugar, Whey, Mono and Diglycerides, Locust Bean Gum, Vanilla Bean Specks,
Carrageenan, Natural Flavor, Annatto Extract (Color), Caramel Color, Belgian Milk Chocolate Coating: Sugar,
Chocolate Liquor, Cocoa Butter, Milk, Milk Fat, PGPR (Emulsifier), Soy Lecithin (Emulsifier), Natural Flavor,
Caramel Sauce: Water, Sugar, Corn Syrup, High Fructose Corn Syrup, Nonfat Milk Solids, Coconut Oil
Modified Corn Starch, Caramel Color, Salt, Mono & Diglycerides (Emulsifier), Carrageenan, Soybean Oil
Sodium Citrate, Potassium Sorbate (Used to Protect Quality), Natural Flavor, Chocolatey Coating: Coconut
Oil, Sugar, Cocoa, Soy Lecithin (Emulsifier), Vanilla Extract.
Personalize this Nutrition Label
Nutrition Facts
Serving Size 1.0 bar (95 g)
Servings Per Container 1
file:///D|/...20ie%20and%20firefox/7756713282%20magnum%20double%20caramel%20single%20ice%20cream%20bar.htm[6/11/2012 3:07:34 PM]
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01110

EXHIBIT 2
EXHIBIT 2
01111
Mugshot Profi le Poster Page 1of!

911 Parr Blvd., eno, NV 89512
Mugsh Profile
COUGHLIN, ZACHARY
Nickname:
DOB:

SSN:
Booking # :
JID:
MNJ:
Arrest Date:
Booking Date: 09- 09- 2011 22:13:00
Sex: MALE
Rilce: WHnE
Height: .0.
Weight: 22.
Eye Color: GREEN
Ha ir Color: BROWN
Hair Length: SHORT ABOVE EAR
Facial Features:
Glasses :
Scars Marks 8t Tattoos:
Charges!
Booking last Name: COUGHUN
Booking First Name: ZACHARY
Booking Middle Name: BARKER
file:IIC:\ PhotoManager\MUGVBPrt .htm
9/9120 11
01112
, '
COUNTY OF WASHO
CITY OF RENO,
vs.
Plaintiff,
)
)
)
)
)
)
ZfAChary CayJ. {;1l
Defendant. )
)
DOB: )
)
II
lX... 1i 7-
OF THE CITY OF RENO
STATE OF NEVADA _
f .......,.. __.",_,.... ..... _'
, _ . ..... v,AII .... ,.
CRIMINAL
(Petif(!'.if"'eiifl-)__.,-_._-
A?"R!\IGNMENT )oi/(iU
lfM", :;:.. .. c:>
RenoSparks Indian Colony Tribal Police
Case No, IC \\ - 0 WP,1
complain and say that
_.k..!!.<.<.LI.-""-+--::="5t.:..'-.!:...

' ,..,(1__--1_ has committed the crime of Petit Larceny,
a violation of Section 8.10.040 afthe Reno Mun
That said Defendant on or about e
2425 E. Second Street, In the City of Reno, 8t e of Nevada. did take or carry away Walrnart
property valued at less than $250.00 with the tent to deprive Walmart said property. Said
consisted of -'--"'''YL!'-J2l-'4'<.:>-rP'===.LI...-.!h=,,''','-------
I dedare under penalty of perjury under t law of the State of Nevada pursuant to
NRS 53.045 and NRS 171.102 that the foregoin is true and correct.
ec\: ;2--1
Complaina'nl
I fOate
Revised 04/ 11
01113
Sep 10 2011 10:24P\'1 RSIC"HV*Po\ice 177;' . )1801
" .. 1
ARRr:snNG AGHNCr
wa D 1'111,0
II.PDO p, 0
sto .D "UH10
RSIc}i(
nKOQ.-----I------------
F 'R. C>}J TI I.JO WH0
"rET:r-r TI..u",
A)(IJ
12
S
'c ......,
And Is b deWn1Ion for 1M on.o..(.).
which IppOIt 1M .,.,.. and c;tetentIon:
7: Z$f".iVI>E. () TD
For?.
DATE _______ By ________
DISSEMINATION IS RESTRICTED TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE AGENCIES ONt 'l . OISSEMlNAllON m AGENCIES fS PROHIBITEO.
WHEREFORE, Oectaranl l"IKftJeSill lila! II IIndlng be made tly a mllglstrale 1/'181
felony or groe.s m1tdeme4l'lOf) 0( lor tIIar (H ChatOo is II mitdemeanorJ.
Page I of I
REVIEWED PROBABLE CAUSE (PC)
PC FOUND DATE -'--______ .MAGISTRATE PC NOT FOUND 0 T"" _ -11-_______ _______________________
DEFENDANT ORDERED RB..EASEO, DATE ______________ MAGISTRATE
8-303 /REVISED !WI)
01114
Reno Sparks Indiari Colony Police
IC110627
Adult ( u ~ P,o""rty
Fri
''''''
'-'-
0910912011
121
Frl 0910912011 21:21
, NV 89502
Reno, NV 89501
Fri 0910912011 22:22 Reno
01115
,... ,
Reno, NV 89502
On 9/912011 at approximately 2121 hours, Officer Bnl m,wa,rt]l and I were dispatched to 2425 East Second
Street Reno, NV 89502 for a report ofa petit iar,m>y. 1
Upon our arrivaJ we mel with Asset Associate Thomas Frontino who stated, he observed a
white male adult. identified as Zachary Coughlin, through the store opening various items and
discarding them in the garbage can. Frontino stated, observed Coughlin eat a candy bar while walking
wough the store. Coughlin passed all points ofsale' ofWal-Mart and exited. Coughlin was then detained
by Frolltino for petit larceny. Please refer to F ...,ntinc) 4 statenlent for further infOJination.
Officer Braunworth asked Coughlin ifhe had au:, on his person and COl,lghli ll stated. he did not.
asked Coughlin ifI could have permission to search person for weapons. Coughlin gave me consent, but
stated do not go into my pockets. I searched the outer of Coughlin and found no weapons on him. I
then proceeded to Coughlin questions pertaining him a citation for petit larceny. Coughlin
however, refused to answer my questions relating to a 3Jld became uncooperative. Coughlin was then
placed under arrest for petit larceny. J began my to arrest on Coughlin and found cough drops
still wrapped in his pockets. Frontino was able to they were the same cough drops that came from the
opened cough drop boxes from inside the store that unpaid for.
At approximately 2200 hours, I tranSpol1ed Coughlin
Washoe County Detention Facility and booked him
for Reno Municipal Code 8.10.040 petit larceny.
At approximatel y 2122 hours, I cleared the incident no further incident.
END OF REPORT.
09n2t2011 0i:31:' U67
01116
RENO-SPARKS INJllAN
SUPPLEMENT
1'IAME(...... n. FIRST. MWOl.E)
Fronlino, Thomas L
RF_SlOSQ. -.DOkESS CITY
2425 E. Second SI
8USU"ESS 1oIAM000satoOL ADOkESS
Wal-mart #2106 2425 E. o n Street
LONY POLICE JlEPARTMENT
ITNSS STATt<.:MENT
RM
. -.- sUri'LWmT,((.O
,(r.(?, t>
TEOfDlKtH
10911985
eno. NV
Reno. NY
$TATE
ho"caw=;;:,:',,,,,=-
DAYS Off
Varies
~ .1OUrS OI'QATOIU LlCF.NSfJST A T'E
Wal-mart Asset Protection
Varies
''''''
>WR '''''
Blonde Hz!
PUSnlESS PKOm: 0
(775}-359-8200
SOCIAL SECUIUTY N\lM8U
On 09/0912011 at about 8:45 PM I noticed a male cust er who I had previous encounters with who we had
followed for suspicious activities in the past As I foHo ed him aroWld the store he made his way back and forth
across the store. He selected various items such as and cough medicine and some various other food
items. He opened two packages of cough drops and co aled the contents inside his pockets. He then threw the
packaging to the cough drops in two different garbage in the store. One in the candy aisle and one in the
soda aisle. He also selected a chocolate bar which he p ceeded to open and eat throughout the store. When he
was finished shopping he went to register 17 and paid the rest of the merchandise that he had selected. He
did not however make any attempt to pay for the choco te bar and cough drops he had selected, He concealed
the wrapper to the candy in the cart and covered it with itizer wipes. He then exited the facility via thc
grocery doors. Once completely outside the facility I ap oached him with Stanley Cunningham and identified
myself as Walmart asset protection and infomled him t I needed him to reenter the facility so that we would
be able to complete our investigation. He was complian at this time and foJlowed us to the office. At this time
became non compliant. The police arrived on scene and ook over the investigation. When asked by the officers
if he would consent to a pat down he complied. Also a r he was placed under arrest by the officer his
belongings were emptied from his pants pockets and we ere also able to recover some ofthe cough drops that
he had concealed on his person. He then became very n compliant with the officers questioning. He was
arrested and removed from our facility. He was also tres assed at this time from all Walmart facilities. Video
evidence will also be compiled.
DATB
01117
Sep 10 2011 10:24PM
"
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RSrC"HV'Po1i<:e 177!J ._:51801
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page 4
,
01118
Judge:
CR11-2064
STEVEN ELLIOTT
Clerk Accepted:
Court:
Case Title:
Filed By:
07-25-2012:17:09:51
07-26-2012:08:16:25
Mtn to Set Aside Decree
- **Continuation
COUGHLIN
01119
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F I L E D
Electronically
07-26-2012:02:01:22 PM
Zach Coughlin
Clerk of the Court
NV Bar No: 9473 (suspended)
PO Box 396
!eno" NV #9$%$
&el 77$ 33# ##
'ax 949 667 74%(
)N &*+ ,+CON- ./-)C)01 -),&!)C& CO/!& O' &*+ ,&0&+ O' N+V0-0
)N 0N- 'O! &*+ CO/N&2 O' 30,*O+
Zach Coughlin"
0ppellan4"
Case No7: cr8(%64
Ci45 o6 !eno"
-ep47 No7 %
!esponden4
9999999999999999999999999999999999:
,/PP1+;+N&01 ;O&)ON &O ,+& 0,)-+ O! V0C0&+ CONV)C&)ON 0N- O!
O!-+! 0'')!;)N< )&
Zach Coughlin 6iles 4his docu=en4 on his o>n ?ehal6 see@ing 4o haAe 4he
ConAic4ion or Order a66ir=ing i4 se4 aside or Aaca4ed" or reAersed7
The appellate Court in this case noted, in its decision affirming the decision of the Trial Court that:
It is worth noting that, pursuant to NRS 4.41!"#, $%&le fees for transcripts and copies %of municipal court
proceedings' must (e paid () the part) ordering them. In a ci*il case the preparation of the transcript need
not commence until the fees ha*e (een deposited with the deput) cler+ of the court.$ ,ccordingl), NRS
1-../, which re0uires the municipal court to transmit *arious papers to the district court upon appeal, does
not re0uire action until such fees ha*e (een paid. 1ere, it appears that ,ppellant ne*er paid the re0uisite
fees to secure the transcription of the proceedings. 2or this reason, the appellate record Is incomplete.3
N!, #97%3% &rans=ission o6 4ranscrip4" o4her papers" sound recording
and cop5 o6 doc@e4 4o dis4ric4 cour47
7 &he Bus4ice shall" >i4hin % da5s a64er 4he no4ice o6 appeal is 6iled"
4rans=i4 4o 4he cler@ o6 4he dis4ric4 cour4 4he 4ranscrip4 o6 4he case" all o4her
papers rela4ing 4o 4he case and a cer4i6ied cop5 o6 4he doc@e47
(7 &he Bus4ice shall giAe no4ice 4o 4he appellan4 or 4he appellan4Cs a44orne5
4ha4 4he 4ranscrip4 and all o4her papers rela4ing 4o 4he case haAe ?een 6iled
>i4h 4he cler@ o6 4he dis4ric4 cour47
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E

37 )6 4he dis4ric4 Budge so reDues4s" ?e6ore or a64er receiAing 4he record" 4he
Bus4ice o6 4he peace shall 4rans=i4 4o 4he dis4ric4 Budge 4he sound recording
o6 4he case7
N!, 474%(()EECo=pensa4ion 6or preparing 4ranscrip47
(7EE&he co=pensa4ion 6or 4ranscrip4s and copies =us4 ?e paid ?5 4he
par45 ordering 4he=7 In a civil case" 4he prepara4ion o6 4he 4ranscrip4 need
no4 co==ence un4il 4he co=pensa4ion has ?een deposi4ed >i4h 4he cour4
repor4er7
&his >as an appeal o6 a cri=inal conAic4ion in a criminal case7 Clearl5" 4he
i=por4 o6 N!, 474%(() is 4ha4 4he 4ranscrip4Fs prepara4ion needed 4o co==ence
regardless o6 >he4her co=pensa4ion had ?een deposi4ed >i4h 4he cour4 repor47
Coughlin a44es4s 4ha4 he =ade eAer5 reasona?le e66or4 4o co==unica4e >i4h 4he cour4
repor4er =en4ioned ?5 !;C 6iling o66ice s4a66 as 4he onl5 accep4a?le choice" in a 4i=el5
=anner" ?u4 4ha4 4ha4 indiAidual" Pa= 1ongoni7
)ndeed" CoughlinFs Brie6 in 4his Cour4 poin4ed ou4 4he pro?le=s he 6aced in
a44e=p4ing 4o haAe 4he 4ranscrip4Fs prepara4ion co==enced:
G3i4h respec4 4o =a44ers >hich =a5 ?ring in4o dou?4 4he Aalidi45 o6 4he
conAic4ion in 4he 4rial cour4 Budg=en4 in !;C C! (6#%%: )n 4he appeal
4o 4he -is4ric4 Cour4 in C!8(%64" .udge +llio4 u4iliHed a ciAil s4a4u4e in
excusing 4he !;C 6ro= i4s 6ailure 4o 6or>ard 4o 4he -is4ric4 Cour4 a cop5
o64he 4ranscrip4 o6 4he audio recording o6 4he 4rial and 4o 6or>ard such 4o
4he -is4ric4 Cour4 >i4hin 4enda5s o6 4he 6iling o6 4he No4ice o6 0ppeal7
'ur4her" Coughlin =ade nu=erous a44e=p4s 4o order such a 4ranscrip4 and
>as 4h>ar4ed in his a44e=p4s 4o do so ?5 4he !;CCs express dic4a4e 4ha4
onl5 4he !;CCs 4ranscrip4ionis4 o6 choice" Pa= -ongoni" >ould ?e
per=i44ed 4o per6or= 4he 4ranscri?ing du4ies" and ;s7 -ongoni hung up 4he
phone on Coughlin and re6used 4o proAide in6or=a4ion rela4ed 4o >here
and in >ha4 =e4hod o6 pa5=en4 Coughlin could pa5 6or 4he 4ranscrip4 and
assure i4s produc4ion7 'ur4her" 4he !;C re6used 4o 4i=el5 proAide Coughlin
a cop5 o6 4he audio recording o6 4he 4rial un4il >ell a64er 4he deadline 6or
6iling 4olling =o4ions or a No4ice o6 0ppeal had passed" and 6ur4her" 4he
!;C 6ailed 4o no4a4e in 4he cer4i6ied doc@e4IJ
0ddi4ionall5" upon in6or=a4ion and ?elie6" 4he !;C does no4 haAe an5 signed
ac@no>ledge=en4 ?5 Coughlin 4ha4 he >as proAided an5 real and clear direc4ions 6or
e66ec4ua4ing 4he prepara4ion o6 4his 4ranscrip47 !eAersing 4he conAic4ion in 4his =a44er >ill
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hope6ull5 resul4 in 4he re4rac4ion o6 4he 4e=porar5 suspension o6 CoughlinFs license 4o
prac4ice la> pursuan4 4o ,upre=e Cour4 !ules %( and en4ered ?5 4he NeAada
,upre=e Cour4 on .une 7
4h
" (%(:
SCR Rule 102. Types of discipline. Misconduct is grounds for:
(d)The attorney ay re!uest dissolution or aendent of the teporary order of suspension
"y petition filed #ith the supree court$ a copy of #hich shall "e ser%ed on "ar counsel. The
petition ay "e set for iediate hearing "efore a hearing panel$ to hear the petition and su"it
its report and recoendation to the court #ithin & days of the conclusion of the hearing. 'pon
receipt of the report and recoendation$ the court ay odify its order$ if appropriate$ and
continue such pro%isions of it as ay "e appropriate until the final disposition of all pending
disciplinary charges against the attorney.
SCR Rule 111. (ttorneys con%icted of cries.
). 4efinition of serious crime.3 The ter *serious crie+ eans (1) a felony and (2)
any crie less than a felony a necessary eleent of #hich is$ as deterined "y the statutory or
coon,la# definition of the crie$ iproper conduct as an attorney$ interference #ith the
adinistration of -ustice$ false s#earing$ isrepresentation$ fraud$ #illful failure to file an
incoe ta. return$ deceit$ "ri"ery$ e.tortion$ isappropriation$ theft$ or an attept or a
conspiracy or solicitation of another to coit a *serious crie.+
10. Reinstatement. (n attorney suspended under the pro%isions of su"section & or / of
this rule ma) (e reinstated () filing a certificate with the supreme court demonstrating that
the underl)ing con*iction has (een re*ersed$ "ut reinstateent #ill not terinate any foral
proceeding pending against the attorney$ the disposition of #hich shall "e deterined "y the
hearing panel on the "asis of the a%aila"le e%idence.
0eclaration under 1RS 23.042: 5 declare under penalty of per-ury that the factual
assertions ade in this filing are true to the "est of y 6no#ledge.
The undersigned does here"y affir that the preceding docuent does not contain the
social security nu"er of any person.
-a4ed 4his Bul5 (4
4h
" (%( ?5
999:,: Zach Coughlin
Zach Coughlin
0ppellan4" pro per
3
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Proo6 o6 ,erAice
)" Zach Coughlin" elec4ronicall5 serAed 4he 6oregoing docu=en4 on .ul5 ($
4h
" (%( on:
Pa= !o?er4s
Ci45 o6 !eno
-a4e .ul5 ($
4h
" (%(
999:,: Zach Coughlin
Zach Coughlin
0ppellan4" pro per
4
01123
Clerk Accepted: 07-26-2012:14:22:39
COUGHLIN
01124
Clerk Accepted: 07-26-2012:14:24:31
Document(s) Submitted: Request for Submission
COUGHLIN
01125
ZACHARY COUGHLIN,
Appellant,
Supreme Court No. 60630
vs.
CORPORATION,
District Court Case
Res ondent.
REMITTITUR
TO: Joey Orduna Hastings, District Court Clerk
Pursuant to the rules of this court, enclosed are the following:
Certified copy of Judgment and Opinion/Order.
Receipt for Remittitur.
DATE: August 14,2012
Tracie Lindeman, Clerk of Court
By: Lindsey Smith
Deputy Clerk
cc (without enclosures):
Hon. Steven P. Elliott, District Judge
Zachary B. Coughlin
Attorney General/Carson City/Catherine Cortez Masto, Attorney General
Reno City Attorney/Pamela G. Roberts
RECEIPT FOR REMITTITUR ...
...... \- l:J.. .-. '
.. .
Received of Tracie Lindeman, Clerk of the Supreme
REMITTITUR issued in the above-entitled cause, on
'. 'fr ," .
.. " TR
.. -... .. ---..-- - .
10
1 12-25463
F I L E D
Electronically
08-22-2012:02:52:24 PM
Clerk of the Court
01126
ZACHARY COUGHLIN,
Appellant,
vs.
CORPORATION,
Res ondent.
Supreme Court No. 60630
District Court Case No. CR112064 II
C.II-aob,
10
CLERK'S CERTIFICATE
STATE OF NEVADA, ss.
I, Tracie Lindeman, the duly appointed and qualified Clerk of the Supreme Court of the
State of Nevada, do hereby certify that the following is a full, true and correct copy of
the Judgment in this matter.
JUDGMENT
The court being fully advised in the premises and the law, it is now ordered, adjudged
and decreed, as follows:
"ORDER this appeal DISMISSED."
Judgment, as quoted above, entered this 20 day of July, 2012.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have subscribed
my name and affixed the seal of the Supreme
Court at my Office in Carson City, Nevada this
August 14, 2012.
Tracie Lindeman, Supreme Court Clerk
By: Lindsey Smith
Deputy Clerk
1
F I L E D
Electronically
08-22-2012:02:52:24 PM
Clerk of the Court
01127
SUPREME COURT
OF
NEVADA
(0) 1947A
ZACHARY COUGHLIN,
Appellant,
No. 60630
vs.
CORPORATION,
Respondent.

\0
ORDER DISMISSING APPEAL
FILED
JUL 2 0 2012
This is a proper person appeal from an order of the district
court denying an appeal from a municipal court conviction. Second
Judicial District Court, Washoe County; Steven P. Elliott, Judge.
Our review of this appeal reveals a jurisdictional defect.
Specifically, appellant's case arose in the municipal court. The district
. court has final appellate jurisdiction over a case arising in the municipal
court. Nev. Const. art. 6, 6; Tripp v. City of Sparks, 92 Nev. 362, 363,
550 P.2d 419, 419 (1976); NRS 5.073(1); NRS 266.565(1); NRS 266.595;
RMC 2.16.070. Accordingly, we conclude that we lack jurisdiction to
consider this appeal, and we
ORDER this appeal DISMISSED.
\2- zzqt(p
,,' .
F I L E D
Electronically
08-22-2012:02:52:24 PM
Clerk of the Court
01128
\
SUPREME COURT
OF
NEVADA
(O)1947A ~
cc: Hon. Steven P. Elliott, District Judge
Zachary Coughlin
Attorney General/Carson City
Reno City Attorney
Washoe District Court Clerk
2
t" .." . ".,... : . ~ ; .. ; '. J'.'. :. ~ .".
01129
J
__Deputy
01130
Judge:
CR11-2064
STEVEN ELLIOTT
Clerk Accepted:
Court:
08-22-2012:14:52:24
08-22-2012:14:53:37
Case Title:
Filed By:
Supreme Court Remittitur
Supreme Ct Clk's Cert &Judg
Supreme Ct Ord Dismis Appeal
Mary Fernandez
COUGHLIN
01131
1
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7 IN AND FOR THE COUNlY OF WASHOE
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***
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10 ZACH COUGHLIN,
11
12
13
vs.
Appellant, Case No.: CRll-2064
Dept. No.: 10
14 CIlY OF RENO, a municipal
corporation,
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Respondent.
__________________________
ORDER DENYING APPELLANT'S MOTION FOR A NEW TRIAL
Presently before the Court, is a Motion for New Trial, or Pled in the Alternative,
Motion to Alter or Amend filed by Appellant ZACH COUGHLIN ("Appellant'') on March 26,
2012. Subsequently, on March 27, 2012, Respondent CIlY OF RENO ("Respondent'') filed
a Motion to Strike Appellant's Motion for New Trial. Following, on July 25, 2012, Appellant
22
23 filed a Motion to Set Aside or Vacate Conviction and or Order Affirming it. Thereafter, on
24 July 26, 2012, Appellant filed a Supplemental Motion to Set Aside or Vacate Conviction and
25 or Order Affirming it. On that same date, Appellant filed a Request for Submission, thereb
26 submitting the matter for the Court's conSideration.
27 On March 15, 2012, this Court entered an Order denying the Appeal and affirming
28 the decision of the Municipal Court. This Court no longer has jurisdiction over this case
-1-
F I L E D
Electronically
08-27-2012:10:15:18 AM
Clerk of the Court
01132
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and the Appellant's Motion for New Trial is moot.
NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Appellant's Motion for a New
Trial is DENIED.
DATED this day of August, 2012.
District Judge
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01133
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DATED this 031
day of August, ~ <
HEIDI HOWDEN
judicial Assistant
-3-
01134
Clerk Accepted: 08-27-2012:10:15:44
Document(s) Submitted: Ord Denying Motion
COUGHLIN
01135
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FILED
120Ee \ 9
JOEY Qlf)lJH/\ ,
CLERK OF T
8Y-"';O:;:;Ef.-rv!---
OF THE SECOND ruDICIAL DISTRICT COURT OF THE STATE OF NEVADA
PlamtIff, Case No.
vs. Dept. No.
Z,C{q00t ().
Defebfiant.

!1 _ APPLICATION TO WAIVE AND COSTS " '
il-lA]D # 'r, c (ff)lrc 'S f)//q--
v\ "'.A{ ( J./; f./ !.LI:,> ,/:1:; c:it:
Pursuant to RS 12.015, an base on the fOl?owmg'Declaration, permission from
this Court to proceed without paying court costs or other costs and fees as provided in NRS 12.015
because I lack sufficient financial ability.
DECLARATION
(In Lieu of Affidavit Pursuant to NRS 53.045)
I, 7a(Prinnour GiH:idJA (, , , declare that:
1. I have read the contents of this Application to Waive Fees and Costs, I am competent to
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2. I am unable, because of my financial poverty, to pay the costs and fees of this case, and I
am unable to give securit):' for the costs and fees in this matter.
3. I wish to file with this Court the pleading submitted with this Application. I cannot pay the
cost of filing because I lack sufficient income, assets, or other resources. Including myself, there are
I adults and children in my household. Their age(s) is/are , and
My total monthly income before taxes is:
From all sources including
employment, self-employment,
social security, child support, c5< At'
alimony, State jilld County benefits, ... .Ii'.A.v..
?til M:1 cv(('fvo.f-:.J -f
Any otheMousehold income from
another member of the household: ................... ..
List you I I
youfjob title: I '\
\
The following represents a list of my assets and their value:
Automobile Value Loan Balance
_,=-:-,-:-I-L+-C( y-'<-b.,......-L-:h<::;..."":oA->.J""-'>.-S.--=.>oc::t.=cccd -:tx?{/ ( $
(Print the year and type of car.)
Mobile Home, House, or Other Real
$_--- $_---
(Print the size, type, and/or year of pro(erty.)
Bank Accounts
$_---
J<
Other
$_--- $_---
$_--- $_---
F6 Revised 08/05/08 BeL 2 Application to Waive Fees and Costs Page 2 of 3
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tf;;C
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Child Care ...............................................................................
Insurance..............................t ........ .................... ";;;;(1.1' ."ft $0'
Medical... ....... .... .. 0.:3.... ............... .lf.
.. ,, ; .. ,kP
Support and Chil Care toAlimtne else..... th $
... ... nJh.t1J5.... ai ,t.Y0c V'-
... ....... .. .. ....... ..... vy
I request the Court hold a hearing on this Application if the Court is inclined to deny same, so
that I may testifY as to my indigent status.
Dated this (t ftaay of .
This document does not contain the Social Security Number of any person.
Signature:
Printed Name:
I declare under penalty ofperjury. under the law of the State of Nevada, that the foregoing
statements are true and correct. *
Dated
Signature:
Printed Name: 7-e-.
Address: p.
rR-c a <[!57
TelePhoned<)i 9#lit 7 .fit) <---
l
F6 Revised 08/05108 Bel
3 '
Application 10 Waive Fees and Costs Page 3 of J
01138
CODE:
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Case No. CRll-2064 9
ZACHARY BARI<ER COUGHLIN,
Appellant,
10 Dept. No. 10
11
vs.
12
13
Respondent.
/
14
15 THE STATE OF NEVADA, Case No. CR12-0376
16
Plaintiff,
Dept. No. 10
17 vs.
18
ZACHARY BARI<ER COUGHLIN,
19 Defendant.
/
20
21
ZACHARY B. COUGHLIN,
Case No. CR12-1262
22
Appellant,
Dept. No. 10
23
vs.
24
CITY OF RENO,
25
Respondent.
26
/
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F I L E D
Electronically
06-11-2013:03:40:26 PM
Clerk of the Court
01139
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ZACH COUGHLIN,
Case No. CVll-01896
Plaintiff,
6 Dept. No.
vs.
WASHOE LEGAL SERVICES, a Nevada
Corporation, KATHY BRECKENRIDGE,
Individually and in her capacity as Board
President of WLS, TODD TORVINEN,
Individually and in his capacity as WLS, Board
Member, PAUL ELCANO, Individually and in
his capacity as Executive Director of WLS, DOES
1-100, Individually and in their capacity as
members of the BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF
WASHOE LEGAL SERVICES, CARYN
STERNLIGHT, Individually and in her capacity
as WLS attorney, JON SASSER, Individually and
in his capacity as WLS agent, KAREN SABO,
Individually and in her capacity as WLS attorney,
MARC ASHLEY, Individually and in his capacity
as WLS attorney, ZANDRA LOPEZ; Individually
and in her capacity as WLS employee;
Defendants.
I
ZACH COUGHLIN,
Plaintiff, Case No. CVll-01955
vs.
Dept. No. 10
WASHOE LEGAL SERVICES, a Nevada
Corporation, KATHY BRECKENRIDGE,
Individually and in her capacity as BOaTd
President of WLS, TODD TORVINEN,
Individually and in his capacity as WLS Board
Member, PAUL ELCANO, Individually and in
his capacity as Executive Director of WLS, DOES
1-100, Individually and in their capacity as
members of the BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF
WASHOE LEGAL SERVICES, CARYN
STERNLICHT, Individually and in her capacity
as WLS attorney, JON SASSER, Individually and
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in his capacity as WLS agent, KAREN SABO,
Individually and in her capacity as WLS attorney,
MELISSA MANGIARACINA Individually and in
her capacity as WLS attorney, MARC ASHLEY,
Individually and in his capacity as WLS attorney,
ZANDRA LOPEZ; Individually and in her
capacity as WLS employee; DOES and ROES 1-
100, COMMITTEE TO AID ABUSED WOMEN,
TAHOE WOMEN'S SERVICES,
vs.
MATT MERLISS, MD; MATTHEW J. MERLISS
LIVING TRUST; LAW OFFICE OF RICHARD G.
HILL, ESQ., individually and in his capacity as an
employee of the Law Office of Richard G. Hill,
Esq.; GREEN ACTION LAWN SERVICE AND
ITS OWNER NERY R. MACAL-CRUZ;
DARLENE SHARPE, REALTOR, personally and
in her capacity as an employee of DICKSON
REALTY; DICKSON REALTY; NEVADA
ENGERGY PUBLIC UTILITY CORPORATION;
NEVADA COURT SERVICES; JOEL DURDEN,
individually and in his capacity as a process
server for NEVADA COURT SERVICES,
Defendants.
---------------------,/
Case No. CVll-03051
Dept. No. 1
Case No. CVll-03126
Dept. No. 4
4
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vs.
MELISSA L. ULLOA
vs.
ZACH COUGHLIN,
Appellant,
MATTHEW MERLISS,
Respondent.
/
Applicant,
Adverse Party.
/
Case No.
Dept. No.
Case No.
Dept. No.
CVll-03628
7
FV13-01604
DM1
ORDER
The Chief Judge of the Second Judicial Distriet Court has authority to make
adminish'ative decisions pertaining to the business of the judicial dishict. SCR 16(3). This
includes the authority to assign cases within the dish'ict, adopt rules for the orderly
conduct of court business, and supervise case flow management. NRS 3.025; WDCR 2.
Mr. Zach Coughlin is a litigant in each of the above-entitled cases. Cause appeaxing, all of
the above-captioned cases shall be h'ansferred to Department 8 for mther proceedings.
This order does not direct a consolidation of the actions; it merely orders the co-location of
the actions in one deparhnent.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Dated: June _1_1_,2013.
Chief Dish-iet Court Judge
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I certify that I am an employee of the Second Judicial Dishict Co:u"t of the State of
Nevada, in and for the County of Washoe; that on the _1_1_ day of JIINr ,2013,
I elechonically filed the foregoing with the Clerk of the Court system which will send a
notice of elechonic filing to the following:
Pamela Roberts, Esq. for City of Reno
Gary Fuller, Esq. for CAA W
James Olson, Esq. for CAAW
Richard Hill, Esq. for Matt Merliss
Joseph Garin, Esq. for Washoe Legal Services, Paul Elcano, Todd Torvinen,
Karen Sabo, Kathleen Breckemidge, Jon Sasser, Melissa Mangiaracina, Marc
Ashley, Caryn Sternlicht.
Further, I certify that I deposited in the county mailing system for postage and
mailing with the U.S. Postal Service in Reno, Nevada, a hue copy of the foregoing
addressed to:
Washoe County Dishict Attorney - interoffice mail
Washoe County Public Defender - interoffice mail
Honorable Elliott Sattler - hand delivery
Honorable Brent Adams - hand delivery
Honorable Pahick Flanagan - hand delivery
Honorable Lidia Stiglich - hand delivery
Honorable Janet Berry - hand delivery
Honorable Connie Steinl1eimer - hand delivery
Domestic Violence Master -hand delivery
Melissa Ulloa
Confidential Adchess
Brian A. Gonsalves, Esq. - for Crisis Intervention Services
P.O. Box 907
Kings Beach, CA 96143
Zachary Coughlin
1471 E. 9
th
Street
Reno, NV 89512
01144
Judge: ELLIOTT SATTLER
Clerk Accepted: 06-11-2013:15:40:45
Document(s) Submitted: Order...
Filed By: Kaili Lane
COUGHLIN
01145

,0;<.1
--------------.,.,,.----------_._.._._- ..

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," -;'",,''':-;'
F\LED
2385--"7, -. 2013 JUL 3' PH 4: 29
Nam"e: C--_...::,..;:i':::ohLu_f\ __".,.,
Address: --t-=I--Ic.t-:......".,.JZ"6I:g
' '

Plaintiff.
I CASE
i DEPT. N
I
')j, /r, 1-,Ike qir
'Defendanl_ i 2.
------.--.---- . C'l\./7, kb2. tv\ t\
'" en r:.J MOTION TO PR C E NY RMA PAUPERIS , ,_ lt
J1J
Lt" I
\ lA '- :.1/"?'fj 1\I.h-' t\..-, V ICC!- ",t( - ..t .,/'1 I.
_I \Pursuant 10 NRS In.OISj and Onl'll\! fo owi .m. ) ,\
fi "':l \ {tyl<{\<; QJf--. /( ,,\(\(.:../ e..-u,-Q.,,, /}J'H'-t/ c, ell;)
I p rrmsslOn from Ihls -Coun 10 proceed wilhout filing fees or cost - I am requestmg \be CQ'!.r.t! I. 1.0; - .
. ""'-ti'1(1 e
l1
't1'<J\..f<..II/fV
allow me 10 Issue an} necessary writ. process. pleading or paper withoul charge, with the F
r
exception of jury fees. as provided in NRS 12.0 IS because I lack sufficient financial ability [0
proceed without Ihis waiver. This motion is based on the anached Affidavit of Poveny
This documenl doeS!!Q! contai the Social Security Number of any person.
22
DATED thO
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01146
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fl"Jre':v V(1J/ r)Clt/)"-
AFFIDAVIT OF POVERTY IN SUPPORT OF L
MOTION TO PROCEED INFORMA RAUPERIS \ r 7
StateorNevada ) VI \tv .!A/
) 55. \J \. r,- ,)
County of Washoe )
/ 1.( \ .
I,
2
fie 1(.P't..9
1
!. /1\ (Full Name), do hereby penalty of perjury
I that the assertio.n5 of this :rfidavit are true, according ,0 law, in support of my Motion to Proceed
Informa P3\lpens: l \t:::lV4-C{. W\I
\"/ } \
1 I am the PIa inti efendam (circle one that vou are) in the above entitled case.
I 2. I am unable, ,e :;. financial to the costs and fees ?f this
I cas". and to givJ.securit
y
I3Ir d fees jn this l]latt'7r-.\ ct..! i
tlcJ/1"t 11 ?;(" f!...X,.. f;;C'/f't{:l ftl.>VI<..;( t U('
1./ \. r cannot pa) the 11'ling fe bee se I lack sufficient assets, or other j.
!
resources to the amount necessary.
4. I wish the Court to consider this Affidavit of Poverty in Support ormy Motion to
Proceed Inf{,lma Pauperis. 1
5. Including myself, there are (j> (number) adults and
(number)
child(ren) in my household. The child(ren) age(s) is/are ___, ___, and __
I
I
!
)
i
Alimony
State/County 8('nellts, etc. ttO(V\'},.J.;..
.J 4<-'v
All other household income from
Another member of the household:
I
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01147
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Mobile Home. House, Other Real Estate
$,---
fIlnnt tht 51'lC. type. 'i\ridlOf yeti' 01 propenyl
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?vi V total tnoIllhly expenses are:
i
Rent or Mortgage

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PRINTED NAM /,
SCBSCRIBED AND S\>"'ORN \0 before 'ne
this __ day of ________
!
----NOTARY Pl:BI.IC
Phone, Gas, Electricity, and other Utilities
Food
SIGNATURE
r
3

01148
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_GO)
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Code
f\LED
JUl31 fM 4: 3S
JOEY \\ASTIRNTGS

QY OEPUTY
q

Plaintiff(s),
Case No. -obi
vs.
Dept. No. c:: 12. \"( -;2...'2
v:{
.

S1?f"
-,

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rl K( (
01149
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I. I have read the con nlS of this Application to Waive Fees and Costs, I am competent to
26
testilY about its contents, Id I know its contents arc true based upon my own knowledge, except for
27
28 those matters stated u n information and belief, a d as 0 tb.ose matters, I believe them to be true.
Name:
Address:

-GY.
"

1+ Or
r-(purR"nt to If.OI5., 'rld 11asej,on I
t:-!?4JufSf\. '/G (C",-vlt1 lAC ov
this Court to proceed without paying court costs or oilier costs and fees as
:'i}n j 1.
,J-./'1J c..
V ieu ofAffidavit Pursuant to NRS 53.045)
" I, declare that:
I
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("
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2. I am unable, because ofmy financial poverty, to pay the costs and fees ofthis case, and I
2
am unable to give for the costs and fees in this matter.
3
3. I wisll to file wilh lhis Court the pleading subrni tted with this Application. I cannot pay the
4
..
cost of filing because I lack sufficient income, assets, or 0 ther resources. Including myself, there are
6 _I
adults and children in my household. Their a gees) isiare __-' __--'_-', and
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My lotal monlhly income before taxes is:
9,
From all sources induding
employment, self-employment,
11 social security, child support,
t
12
etl V1 o.-f> cvfA?
Ally othe ousehold income from
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List where you W-
your job title: I "
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The following rellresents a list of my assets and their value:

ar
ony
, Stale -.hd County j' ..<.
of
-e
another member ofthe household: ....................

I ......("C
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Automobile
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lqjl
a..cc.c.d
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(PrinE Ule year and Eype ofear.)
Mobile Home, House, or Other Real Estate
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(Print Ehe size,Eype, andloryear ofpro(erty.)
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Bank Accounts
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r-l< 0J
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Other
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F-6'll.Utd OMl5101 BCl 2
Value Loan Balance .
$ $$k7o' (d
F
i ___
$_---
$_--- $_---
$
$-_._---
Applic9.lion to Waiye Fee! and Cosrs Page 2of l
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.. c;:/;;.:Miftl;;;; .... $
Child Care else..... 'G' ....... ::--:--fl-".Li0f-
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1Iv./
lr

(7 iV''E'lS """'-' v. > '" ") 'cIt ......./..
TOTAL MO Y EXP "NSES............................... ............... .......... ....... $____
I request the Court hold a hearing on this Application if the Court is inclined to deny same, so
;;",Q
that I may testifY as 10 my indigent stalus. I)c{)
Dated this
This document does !!l!! contain the .soCial Security Number of person.
Signature: __
Printed Name: 'z:;" (
[ declare u/lder penalty o(perjury, under the law ofthe State ofNevada. that the foregoing
""7e )Ud n/ Z=!"?
statements are true and correct. + -V ''-''.. ..J

AppliCllion (0 Waive fc\:s and Cosu l'ase 1or l
01152
01153
/l
/
01154
-- --
(
~ 1 . I-e ~ A l b 3 ' .
01155
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10 Appellant,
11
12
13
14
vs.
corporation,
Respondent.
____________________________
Case No.: CRll-2064
Dept. No.: 8
15 ORDER FOR STATUS CONFERENCE
16 In this appeal from Reno Municipal Court, Appellant ZACHARY BARKER
17 COUGHLIN filed the following three motions on July 31,2013: two Motions to
18 Proceed In Forma Pauperis and a Petition for Extraordinary Writ or Motion for
19 Extension of Time.
20 The court has reviewed the docket, including both Orders issued by Judge
21 Steven P. Elliot on March 15, 2013 and the Nevada Supreme Court's Order
22 Dismissing Appeal issued on July 20, 2012 (see Case No. 60630), and finds a status
23 conference would be helpful in determining the present status of this case. At the
24 conference, the parties shall be prepared to discuss the present status of the case
25 and, if necessary, the outstanding motions listed above.
26 I I I
27 III
28 III
1
F I L E D
Electronically
08-19-2013:02:42:52 PM
Clerk of the Court
01156
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Accordingly, a status conference shall be held in this case on August 22,
2013 at 2:00 p.m.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
DATED this /9!!day of August, 2013.
~ u r ~
District Judge
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Pursuant to NRCP 5(b), I hereby certify that I am an employee of the Second
Judicial District Court of the State of Nevada, County of Washoe; that on this
/
'qfL
....... day of August, 2013, I electronically filed the following with the Clerk of the
Court by using the ECF system which will send a notice of electronic filing to the
following:
Pamela Roberts, Esq. for City of Reno.
I deposited in the Washoe County mailing system for postage and mailing
with the United States Postal Service in Reno, Nevada, a true copy of the attached
document addressed to:
Zachary B. Coughlin
1471 E. 9th St.
Reno, NV 89512
Judicial Assistant
3
01158
Judge: LIDIA STIGLICH
Clerk Accepted: 08-19-2013:14:43:38
Document(s) Submitted: Order...
Filed By: Judicial Asst. KRogers
01159
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10 Appellant,
11
12
13
14
vs.
corporation,
Respondent.
~ /
Case No.: CR11-2064
Dept. No.: 8
15 ORDER
16 This Order shall memorialize oral rulings issued at a status hearing held
17 today in this case.
18 Tentatively, the court finds this case is closed. However, in light of Appellant
19 ZACHARY BARKER COUGHLIN's (Coughlin) objection to this tentative ruling,
20 IT IS ORDERED that Coughlin may file a Supplemental Brief not to exceed
21 fifteen (15) pages, excluding any relevant exhibits, solely on the issue of whether
22 this court has jurisdiction over this case. If he decides to file such a brief, he shall
23 do so within thirty (30) days.
24 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Coughlin's Motion to Proceed In Forma
25 Pauperis filed on July 31, 2013 is GRANTED.
26 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Coughlin's Petition for Extraordinary
27 Writ or Motion for Extension of Time filed on July 31,2013 is GRANTED in part
28 and DENIED in part. Specifically, his request for waiver of EFlex fees is
1
F I L E D
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08-22-2013:04:00:10 PM
Clerk of the Court
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GRANTED. All other requests in this petition or motion are DENIED with
prejudice as each is either moot or unripe.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
lid
DATED this 2-'2.--- day of August, 2013.
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01161
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Pursuant to NRCP 5(b), I hereby certify that I am an employee of the Second
Judicial District Court of the State of Nevada, County of Washoe; that on this
cAJ-Jl
J
day of August, 2013, I electronically filed the following with the Clerk of the
Court by using the ECF system which will send a notice of electronic filing to the
following:
Daniel Wong, Esq. for City of Reno.
I deposited in the Washoe County mailing system for postage and mailing
with the United States Postal Service in Reno, Nevada, a true copy of the attached
document addressed to:
Zachary B. Coughlin
1471 E. 9th St.
Reno, NV 89512
~ ~ l ~
Judicial Assistant
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01162
Clerk Accepted: 08-22-2013:16:00:40
Document(s) Submitted: Ord After Hearing
Filed By: Judicial Asst. KRogers
01163
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F I L E D
Electronically
09-03-2013:11:59:32 PM
Document Code: Clerk of the Court
Zach Coughlin
Nevada Bar No: 9473 temp susp., over this case
1471 . 9
th
!t.
"eno, N# $9%1&
'ele: 77%(33$($11$
)a*: 949(++7(74,&
-ttorne. /or 0ro !e -ppellant
denied !i*th -mendment "ight 'o Counsel
1N '2 !C3ND 45D1C1-6 D1!'"1C' C35"' 3) '2 !'-' 3) N#-D-
1N -ND )3" '2 C35N'7 3) 8-!23
Z-C2 C359261N: <
-ppellant;0etitioner, <
Case No: CR11-2064
vs. <
Cit. o/ "eno: <
Dept No: 8
"espondent <
NOTICE OF APPEAL TO NEVADA SUPREME COURT OF ORDER AFTER HEARING
OF 8/22/13
C3=! N38, -ppellant, Zach Coughlin, >. and through himsel/ and appeals to the Nevada
!upreme Court all 3rders so /ar >. 4udge !tiglich ?respect/ull.<, including, >ut not limited to that o/
$;&&;13, and $;&+;13.
Determination o/ indigenc. o/ accused entitling him to transcript or similar record /or
purposes o/ appeal, ++ -.6.".3d 9%4 : "ight o/ indigent de/endant in criminal case to aid o/ state as
- 1 -
Notice of Appeal
01164
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A
A

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(a)Standn! t" A##$a%&AA- part. @ho is aggrieved >. an appeala>le Dudgment or order
ma. appeal /rom that Dudgment or order, @ith or @ithout /irst moving /or a ne@ trial.
(')A##$a%a'%$ D$t$()nat"n*& A-n appeal ma. >e taEen /rom the /ollo@ing
Dudgments and orders o/ a district court in a civil action:
?1<A- final judgment entered in an action or proceeding commenced in the court in
which the judgment is rendered.
?&< An order granting or denying a motion for a new trial.
?3< An order granting or refusing to grant an injunction or dissolving or refusing to
dissolve an injunction.
?4<A-n order appointing or re/using to appoint a receiver or vacating or re/using to vacate
an order appointing a receiver.
?%<A-n order dissolving or re/using to dissolve an attachment.
- 2 -
Notice of Appeal
regards ne@ trial or appeal, %% -.6.".&d 1,7&: Determination o/ indigenc. o/ accused entitling him
to appointment o/ counsel, %1 -.6.".3d 11,$.
11.A -00-6! )"3= 45D9=N'! -ND 3"D"! 3) D1!'"1C' C35"'!
"56A3.AA-00-6B238 '-CN
?a<A)iling the Notice o/ -ppeal.
?1<A*cept /or automatic appeals /rom a Dudgment o/ death under N"! 177.,%%, an appeal
permitted >. la@ /rom a district court to the !upreme Court ma. >e taEen onl. >. /iling a notice o/
appeal @ith the district court clerE @ithin the time allo@ed >. "ule 4.
N"-0 "56A3-.AAC1#16 -C'13N!: !'-ND1N9 '3 -00-6: -00-6-B6
D'"=1N-'13N!
01165
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?+<A-n order changing or re/using to change the place o/ trial onl. @hen a notice o/
appeal /rom the order is /iled @ithin 3, da.s....F
No@, this is a criminal case ?or appeal thereo/< and N"-0 3 seems to appl. onl. to
civil matters, so...F
NRAP RULE3+&CRIMINAL ACTIONS, RULES GOVERNING
-ppeals /rom district court determinations in criminal actions shall >e governed >. these
"ules and >. N"! 177.,1% to 177.3,% and N"! 34.%7%. ..."ule 3C applies to all other direct
and post(conviction criminal appeals, e*cept those matters speci/icall. e*cluded /rom the /ast
tracE >. "ule 3C?a<.
C2-0'" 177 ( -00-6! -ND "=D1! -)'" C3N#1C'13N
-00-6!: 82N -6638D, 238 '-CN -ND ))C' '2"3)
N"!A177.,4% 1ntermediate order or proceeding ma. >e revie@ed on appeal.
N"!A177.1+% Preparation of record and papers on appeal.
4udge !tiglichGs $;&&;13 3rder in C"11(&,+4 reads:
H3"D" 'his 3rder shall memorialiIe oral rulings issued at a status hearing held toda. in this case. 'entativel.,
the court /inds this case is closed. 2o@ever, in light o/ -ppellant Z-C2-"7 B-"C" C359261NGs ?Coughlin<
o>Dection to this tentative ruling, 1' 1! 3"D"D that Coughlin ma. /ile a !upplemental Brie/ not to e*ceed /i/teen ?1%<
pages, e*cluding an. relevant e*hi>its, solel. on the issue o/ @hether this court has Durisdiction over this case. 1/ he
decides to /ile such a >rie/, he shall do so @ithin thirt. ?3,< da.s.
1' 1! )5"'2" 3"D"D that CoughlinGs =otion to 0roceed 1n )orma 0auperis /iled on 4ul. 31, &,13 is
9"-N'D.
- 3 -
Notice of Appeal
01166
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1' 1! )5"'2" 3"D"D that CoughlinGs 0etition /or *traordinar. 8rit or =otion /or *tension o/ 'ime
/iled on 4ul. 31,&,13 is 9"-N'D in part and DN1D in part. !peci/icall., his reJuest /or @aiver o/ )le* /ees is
9"-N'D. -ll other requests in this petition or motion are DENIED with prejudice as each is either moot or unripe.
1' 1! !3 3"D"D. D-'D this &&
nd
da. o/ -ugust, &,13.F
Couglin here>. reJuests the transcripts ?or at least the rough versions thereo/ o/ Court "eporter ZihnGs
transcripts<, respect/ull.. !uch are sought /or a num>er o/ purposes, >ut one relates to the interpla. >et@een the &4DC
/iling o//ice !upervisor =ichelle 0urd. and -sst. ClerE o/ Court 8ise ?@hom Coughlin respect/ull. re/erences herein<
and 4udge !tiglich vis a vis the apparent re/usal o/ either the /iling o//ice or 4udge !tiglich to a>ide >. 8CD" 1$ and /ile
in the 0etition /or *traordinar. 8rit that Coughlin /iled ?via merel. su>mitting /or /iling< on 7;&&;13 ?including
2ttp:;;@@@.6a@lessamerica.Com;inde*.0hpK3ptionLcomMcontentNvie@LarticleNidL%1,:Dudges(and(court(
clerEs(violate(the(la@(@hen(.our(court(/ilings(are(denied(or(disappearNcatidL9$:litigation(helpN1temidL&&% :
2ttp:;;@@@.!cri>d.Com;doc;1+%337$4%;7(&&(13(,&,4(+&337(C"13(133&(&,+4(1&+&(,,11(,+14(,37%(,,3&(etc(=ega(
)iling(Coughlin(/inal(&4DC()1N-6 ?note, the linEs in *hi>it one therein<
'he speci/ic allegation in =r. !n.derGs complaint is that =r. Nolen, acting as the Circuit Court ClerE, re/used to
/ile or actuall. removed alread. /iled papers /rom the courtGs docEet. 5nder 1llinois la@, the clerE simpl. has the
ministerial dut. to /ile papers that con/orm to the technical rules o/ court. !ee 1n re state o/ Davison, 43, N..&D &&&,
&&3 ?1ll. -pp. Ct. 19$1< ?ODeliver. alone has >een held to constitute /iling since the person /iling has no control over the
o//icer @ho receives documents. !u>seJuent ministerial tasEs o/ the clerE evidence the /iling o/ a document >ut are not
essential to its per/ection.O ?1nternal citation omitted<<: "oesch(Zeller, 1nc. #. 2ollem>eaE, 1&4 N..&D ++&, ++4 ?1ll.
-pp. Ct. 19%%< ?O'he dut. o/ the clerE to /ile the document on the date it @as presented to him @as a ministerial act, the
per/ormance o/ @hich could >e compelled >. @rit o/ mandamus.O<. ?!n.der v. Nolen, 3$, ).3D &79 ?7th Circuit,
,$;13;&,,4<.< Pmphasis added.Q
Coughlin has .et to >e presented @ith an actual order or an. @ritten statement >. either the /iling o//ice or 4udge
!tiglich e*plaining the /ailure to /ile in CoughlinGs 7;&&;13 0etition /or 8rite o/ =andamus, etc., though the /iling
vaguel. alluded to 8CD" 1,, @hich in made inapplica>le via the e*press provisions o/ 8DC" 1$, @here such is a
criminal @rit. ssentiall., someone needs to stand >ehind the /iling o//iceGs re/usals, and the /iling o//ice has hereto/ore
attempted to shi/t that decision onto 4udge !tiglich. 1/ 4udge !tiglich has in, in /act, made such decision, Coughlin @ould
- 4 -
Notice of Appeal
01167
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liEe a @ritten 3rder o/ some sort to respond to accordingl....2o@ever, a 8rit o/ =andamus ma. >e more appropriate,
apparentl. /iled against !upervisor 0urd. and -sst. ClerE o/ Court 8ise.
3ne inter/eres @ith the docEeting o/ the documents received >. the clerEGs o//ice, ma. have committed the crime
o/ o>struction o/ Dustice:
Hach document not properl. /or@arded is a violation o/ 1$ 5.!.C. R &,7+, 8hich provides /or a /ine and up to
one .ear in Dail. ach document concealed or destro.ed is a violation o/ 1$ 5.!.C. R &,71 -nd provides /or a /ine and up
to three .ears in prison: O?a< 8hoever @ill/ull. and unla@/ull. conceals, removes, mutilates, o>literates, or destro.s, or
attempts to do so, or, @ith intent to do so taEes and carries a@a. an. record, proceeding, map, >ooE, paper, document, or
other thing, /iled or deposited @ith an. clerE or o//icer o/ an. court o/ the 5nited !tates, or in an. pu>lic o//ice, or @ith
an. Dudicial or pu>lic o//icer o/ the 5nited !tates, shall >e /ined under this title or imprisoned not more than three .ears,
or >oth. ?B< 8hoever, having the custod. o/ an. such record, proceeding, map, >ooE, document, paper, or other thing,
@ill/ull. and unla@/ull. conceals, removes, mutilates, o>literates, /alsi/ies, or destro.s the same, shall >e /ined under this
title or imprisoned not more than three .ears, or >oth: and shall /or/eit his o//ice and >e disJuali/ied /rom holding an.
o//ice under the 5nited !tates. -s used in this su>section, the term o//ice does not include the o//ice held >. an. person
as a retired o//icer o/ the -rmed )orces o/ the 5nited !tates.O
'he hearing on $;&&;13 @as noticed as a !tatus Con/erence, not a =otion 2earing, and Coughlin @as not noticed
in @riting as to the time o/ the hearing. Coughlin had attended roughl. /ive straight status con/erences in the "4C @here
the 8CD-Gs 3//icer simpl. /ailed to have an.one appear, al@a.s met @ith no consternation @hatsoever >. the "4C
4udges.
8DC" "ule 1$. 0apers @hich do not compl. @ith rules. Except in criminal cases and writs arising from
criminal cases- .%n! "../$ #$(*"nn$% *0a%% ($.1*$ t" .%$ an2 d"/1)$nt "( #%$adn! 30/0 * n"t #("#$(%2 *!n$d '2
a%% #$(*"n*- "( 30/0 d"$* n"t /")#%2 3t0 t0$*$ (1%$*, Nevada "ules o/ Civil 0rocedure, the District Court "ules, or
applica>le statutes.
8DC" "ule &&. 8rits o/ ha>eas corpus.: ...F%. -n. @rit /iled on a criminal case at the district court level shall
>e assigned to the same department @here the underl.ing criminal case is /iled. 1/ no such previous criminal case e*ists
the @rit shall >e randoml. assigned to a department.F
- 5 -
Notice of Appeal
01168
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AFFIRMATION PURSUANT TO NRS 234+&535
'he undersigned does here>. a//irm that the preceding document does not contain the social
securit. num>er o/ an. person.
Dated: 9;13;13
;!; Zach CoughlinMMMMMMMM
Zach Coughlin, -ppellant;0etitoner
-ttorne. /or 0ro !e -ppellant denied !i*th -mendment "ight 'o Counsel
- 6 -
Notice of Appeal
01169
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PROOF OF SERVICE
0ursuant to N"C0 %?><, 1 certi/. that 1 served a cop. o/ the /oregoing document upon the
/ollo@ing part. >. electronicall. /iling on )e>ruar. 3
rd
, &,1& and there/ore serving upon registered
e/iler:
Dan 8ong
0amela "o>erts, sJ.
"eno Cit. -ttorne.Gs 3//ice ( Criminal Divison
0.3. Bo* 19,, "eno , N# $9%,%
'el: 77%(334(&,%,
)a*: 77%(334(&4&,
ro>ertspSreno.gov
-ttorne. /or Cit. o/ "eno
Date this 9;3;&,13:
;!; Zach Coughlin
Zach Coughlin, -ppellant
- 7 -
Notice of Appeal
01170
Clerk Accepted: 09-04-2013:08:42:45
Document(s) Submitted: Notice/Appeal Supreme Court
Filed By: ZACHARY COUGHLIN
01171

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F I L E D
Electronically
09-06-2013:11:26:05 AM
Appellant, Case No. CR11-2064
vs.
Dept. No. 8
Respondent.
_____________________________________________/
This case appeal statement is filed pursuant to NRAP 3(2).
1. This appeal is from an order entered by the Honorable Lidia Stiglich.
2. Appellant is Zachary B Coughlin. Appellant is representing himself in Proper
Person on appeal:
3. Appellants address is:
Zachary B. Coughlin
1471 E 9
th
Street
Reno, Nevada 89512
4. Respondent is the State of Nevada. Respondent is represented by the Washoe
County District Attorneys Office:
Pamela Roberts, Esq.
City Of Reno
P O box 1900
Reno, Nevada 89505
5. Respondents attorney is licensed to practice law in Nevada.
01172

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6. Appellant himself represented by appointed counsel in District Court.
7. Appellant was not represented by appointed counsel on appeal.
8. Appellant was not leave to proceed in forma pauperis in District Court.
9. Proceeding commenced by the filing of an Appeal from Municipal Court filed
December 8, 2011.
10. This is a criminal proceeding and the Appellant is appealing Order filed August 22,
2013.
11. The case has been the subject of a previous appeal to the Supreme Court:
Supreme Court No.60630.
12. This case does not involve child custody or visitation.
13. This is not a civil case involving the possibility of a settlement.
Dated this 6th day of August, 2013.
JOEY ORDUNA HASTINGS
CLERK OF THE COURT
By: /s/ Annie Smith
Annie Smith
Deputy Clerk
01173

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F I L E D
Electronically
09-06-2013:11:26:05 AM
Appellant,
vs. Case No. CR11-2064
Dept. No. D8
CITY OF RENO, a Municipal Corporation,
Respondent.
_____________________________________________/
CERTIFICATE OF CLERK AND TRANSMITTAL NOTICE OF APPEAL
I certify that I am an employee of the Second Judicial District Court of the State of
Nevada, County of Washoe; that on the 6th day of September, 2013, I electronically filed
the Notice of Appeal in the above entitled matter to the Nevada Supreme Court.
I further certify that the transmitted record is a true and correct copy of the original
pleadings on file with the Second Judicial District Court.
Dated this 6th day of September, 2013
JOEY ORDUNA HASTINGS
CLERK OF THE COURT
By /s/ Annie Smith
Annie Smith
Deputy Clerk
01174

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P!Lb/NPKbHPLb PHL PLL LL\KJ bP

'"' <i '

KALLb PHL LL LKLLL KLKPN

of Reno on this date, a true and correct copy and further

DECLARATION OF PAMELA G. ROBERTS

! ccOlLcNl OlbcIV0c L OtON C Ol

' "ae eeram1etet.steviaeamhetDiseevetye|e+t|ysaewsVa|-Mat.sPtea.iaee:aas

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