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Connections Of Overcurrent Relay (part 2)
Connecti ons Of Overcurrent Rel ay (part 2)
Continued from first part: Types and Applications Of Overcurrent Relay (part 1)
Connections of Overcurrent and Earth Fault Relays
1. 3 Nos O/C relay f or overcurrent and eart h f ault prot ect ion
Its used for:
3-phase f aults the overcurrent relays in all the 3-phases act.
Phase to phase f aults the relays in only the af f ected phases operate.
Single line to ground f aults only the relay in the f aulty phase gets the f ault current and operates.
Even then with 3 overcurrent relays, the sensitivity desired and obtainable with earth leakage overcurrent
relays cannot be obtained in as much as the high current setting will have to be necessarily adopted f or
the overcurrent relay to avoid operation under maximum load condition.
Over current relays generally have 50% to 200% current setting
3 Nos O/C Rel ay for Over Current and
Earth Faul t Protecti on
3 No O/C Rel ay+ 1 No E/F Rel ay for
Overcurrent and Earth Faul t Protecti on
Over current relays generally have 50% to 200% current setting
while earth leakages over current relays have either 10% to 40% or
20% to 80% current settings.
One important thing to be noted here is that the connection of the
star points of both the C.T. secondarys and relay windings by a
neutral conductor should be made.
A scheme without the neutral conductor will be unable to ensure
reliable relay operation in the event of single phase to earth f aults
because the secondary current in this case (without star-point
interconnection) completes its circuit through relay and C.T. windings
which present large impedance.
This may lead to failure of protection and sharp decrease in
reduction of secondary currents by CTs.
It is not suf f icient if the neutral of the CTs and neutral of the relays are separately earthed. A conductor
should be run as stated earlier.
2. 3 No O/C Relay+ 1 No E/F Relay f or Overcurrent and Eart h Fault Prot ect ion
The scheme of connection f or 3 Nos Over current Relay 1 No Earth Fault Relay is shown in f igure below.
Under normal operating conditions the three phase f ault
conditions and current in the 3-phase are equal and symmetrically
displaced by 12 Deg. Hence the sum of these three currents is
zero. No current flow through the earth fault relay.
In case of phase to phase f aults (say a short between R and Y
phases) the current f lows f rom R-phase up to the point of f ault
and return back through Y phase. Thus only O/L relays in R and Y
phases get the f ault and operate.
Only earth faults cause currents to flow through E/L relay. A
note of caution is necessary here. Only either C.T secondary star point of relay winding star point should
be earthed.
Earthing of both will short circuit the E/L relay and make it inoperative for faults.
3. 2 No O/C Relay + 1 No E/F Relay f or Over Current and Eart h Fault Prot ect ion
The two over current relays in R and B phases will respond to phase f aults. At least one relay will operate
f or f ault involving two phase.
For fault involving ground reliance is placed on earth fault
2 No O/C Rel ay + 1 No E/F Rel ay for Over
Current and Earth Faul t Protecti on
Transmi ssi on Li ne , Bus Bar & Transformer scheme
For fault involving ground reliance is placed on earth fault
relay.
This is an economical version of 3-O/L and 1-E/L type of
protection as one overcurrent relay is saved. With the protection
scheme as shown in Figure complete protection against phase and
ground f ault is af f orded.
Current Transf ormer Secondary Connections
For protection of various equipment of Extra High Voltage class,
the star point on secondarys of CT should be made as f ollows
f or ensuring correct directional sensitivity of the protection
scheme.
Transmission Line , Bus Bar and Transf ormer:
For Transmission Lines Line side
For Transformers Transf ormer side
For Bus bar Bus side
Generat or Prot ect ion:
Generator Protection Generator Side
The above method has to be f ollowed irrespective
of polarity of CTs on primary side.
For example, in line protection, if P1 is towards bus
then S2s are to be shorted and if P2 is towards
bus then S1s are to be shorted.
Standard Overcurrent and Earth Fault
Protection
No Name of the
Equipment
Protection
1 11 KV Feeders A) 2 No Over Current
Generator protecti on scheme
1 11 KV Feeders A) 2 No Over Current
and one no Earth Fault
IDMT relays
B) 2 No Instantaneous
Overcurrent (highest)
and one no
Instantaneous Earth
f ault relay
2 8 MVA
Capacity OR Two
Transf ormer in a
Substation
(Irrespective of
capacity)
HV side: 33 KV Breaker
(Individual or Group
Control with 3 Over
Current and One Earth
Fault IDMT relays
LV Side: Individual 11
KV Breakers with 3 Over
Current and One Earth
Fault IDMT relays
3 8 MVA Power
Transf ormer
Dif f erential relays OR
REF relays on LV side
4 Only one PTR in
a Sub Station
(Less than 8
MVA)
HV Side: HG f use
LV Side: 11 KV Breaker
with 3 Over Current and
one E/F IDMT relay