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Sedimentary Basin
SHALE
FOSSILIFEROUS GYPSUM
COAL
ROCK SALT LIMESTONE
Relative thicknesses of laminations, beds and strata
Sedimentary rock characteristics
Sorting Fabrics
Finding oil and gas
GEOLOGICAL
GEOPHYSICAL
GRAVITY
MAGNETIC
SEISMIC
GEOCHEMICAL
SNIFFER
Structural elements
Lithology
Paleontological study
Environment of deposition
Stratigraphy
Evolutionary sequence of structure
Geological field studies
Gravity Magnetic Studies
Arrival
Layer-1
time
Layer-2
Layer-3
Seismic Section (Land)
Seismic section – Deep Water
Seismic imaging
Coarse Grid
(reconnaitory)
Semi‐detailed
Detailed 3D
High resolution‐3D
Viewing 3D data in many ways
Inline Section
n
io
ct
Se
e
in
Xl
Time Slice
Chair Display
Seabed Logging
• Difference in
conductivity between
shale & sandstone is
relatively small when
they’re water
saturated.
Resistivity Profile
Seabed Logging
H22O HC
MUD LOGGING
DITCH SAMPLING
SUBSURFACE PRESSURE
MONITORING
HC SHOW
TEMP MONITORING
BLOW OUT PREVENTION
CORING
LWD
MWD
Well Profiles
¾VERTICAL
¾INCLINED
¾HORIZONTAL
¾EXTENDED REACH WELL
LOCATE: reservoir
DETECT: fluid content
fluid type : gas / oil / water
EVALUATE: lithology
mechanical properties
gross / net reservoir thickness
porosity
permeability
capillary properties
salinity of the water
original hydrocarbon saturation
residual hydrocarbon saturation
percent oil/gas/water
reservoir pressure
Wire line logs - Open Hole
¾RESISTI VITY
¾DENSITY
¾POROSITY
¾RADIOCATIVITY SPECTRUM
¾TRANSIT TIME
Well completion
Perforation of reservoir
Reserves
PROVED UNPROVED
PROBABLE POSSIBLE
Volumetrics
1. Primary recovery
• Reservoir pressure causes
OIL to flow to the surface
•The simplest way of maintaining
production flow rates is to use
downhole pumps. (15-20%)
1. Water
2. Polymer
Classification of crude oil
Brent Crude comprising 15 oils from fields in the Brent and Ninian
systems in the East Shetland Basin of the North Sea .
Oil production from Europe, Africa and Middle Eastern oil flowing West
tends to be priced off the price of this oil, which forms a benchmark.
•Dubai used as benchmark for the Asia - Pacific region for Middle
East Oil
•Tapis (from Malaysia, used as a reference for light Far East oil)
•Minas (from Indonesia, used as a reference for heavy Far East oil)