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H THNG VIN THNG THIT K ANTEN VI DI

I HC BCH KHOA H NI K55 1



M U
Trong thi i cng ngh vin thng bng n nh hin nay, chng ta bit
n nhiu loi cng ngh khng dy nh WIFI, WLAN, WMAX Nhng ci tin
k thut v m ha, truyn dn tn hiu v bo mt lun l mt trong nhng u tin
hng u, nhng ta khng th khng nhc n cng ngh ch to anten trong cc
thit b thu/pht khng dy. y l mt yu t quyt nh n kh nng truyn dn
ca cc thit b ny.
Cc anten trong cc thit b khng dy thu sng WIFI c rt nhiu loi khc
nhau: anten cho, anten parabol, anten vi di Anten vi di l loi anten c nhiu
u im nh: D thit k v ch to, gi thnh r, c th chu ng c va chm
mnh v chu rung tt. ng thi anten vi di ang ngy cng tr nn tin dng nh
vo vic c th c cm trc tip ln mch in. Nhc im chnh ca anten vi di
l hiu sut cn cha cao. Ta c th d dng to anten vi di thu sng WIFI
2.4Ghz cho cc ng dng c nhn, vn phng, cng s Ngoi ra cn c thm di
m rng 5Ghz cho Wireless Lan. Do vy c th thit k anten vi di a bng (c th
l 2 di 2.4Ghz v 5Ghz) tng hiu sut. Tuy nhin do thi gian v kh nng c
hn nn nhm ch thc hin m phng anten vi di n bng (2.4Ghz). Vi nhng
l do trn, nhm chng em chn ti Thit k anten vi di.








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NI DUNG
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V ANTEN VI DI
1.1 L thuyt anten
Vic truyn nng lng in t trong khng gian c th c thc hin theo
hai cch:
+ Dng cc h truyn dn: Ngha l cc h dn sng in t nh ng dy
song hnh, ng truyn ng trc, ng dn sng kim loi hoc in mi v.v
Sng in t truyn lan trong cc h thng ny thuc loi sng in t rng buc
+ Bc x sng ra khng gian: Sng s c truyn i di dng sng in t
t do
Thit b dng bc x sng in t hoc thu nhn sng t khng gian bn
ngoi c gi l anten.
Mt h truyn thng tin khng dy n gin thng bao gm cc khi c bn:
my pht anten pht anten thu my thu. ng truyn dn sng in t gia
my pht v anten pht cng nh gia my thu v anten thu c gi l Fide
(Feeder).
1.2 Gii thiu chung v anten vi di
Cc nim bc x vi di ln u tin c khi xng bi Deschamps vo
nm 1953. Nhng mi n 20 nm sau, mt anten ng dng k thut vi di mi
c ch to. Anten vi di thc nghim ln u tin c pht trin bi Howell v
Munson v c tip tc nghin cu v pht trin trong nhiu lnh vc khc nhau.
Anten vi di n gin nht bao gm mt patch kim loi rt mng (b dy t <<
0, 0 l bc sng trong khng gian t do) t cch mt phng t mt khong rt
nh (h << 0, thng th 0.003 0< h < 0.05 0). Patch ca anten vi di c thit k
c th bc x cc i. iu ny c thc hin bng cch la chn ng
mode ca trng bc x vng khng gian bn di patch. Bc x end-fire cng
c th thc hin c bng cch la chn ng mode hot ng. i vi mt patch
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hnh ch nht, chiu di L thng c s dng trong khong
0
/3 < L<
0
/2. Patch
v mt phng t c tch bit bi mt lp in mi nn nh hnh 1.
w
h
x
y
z

(r,,)
h
Khe bc x #1 Khe bc x #2
Patch
GND

r
L
Feed
(a) Anten vi di
(b) Mt phng ct ngang
(c) H trc ta
t
y0

Hnh 1: Anten vi di
C nhiu in mi nn c th c s dng thit k anten vi di v hng s
in mi ca chng thng nm trong khong 2.2<r< 12. Nhng lp in mi
c s dng thit k anten hu ht l nhng nn dy, hng s in mi ca
chng thng thp hn gi tr cui di v chng cho hiu sut tt hn, bng thng
ln v gii hn s bc x cc trng tn hao vo trong khng gian, nhng kch
thc cc phn t ln hn. Gii hn s bc x cc trng tn hao vo trong khng
gian, nhng kch thc cc phn t ln hn. Nn mng vi hng s in mi ln
hn c th c s dng thit k cc mch vi sng, bi v chng yu cu gii
hn trng cht ch gim thiu s bc x v kt hp khng mong mun, ng
thi cng cho kch thc cc phn t nh hn. Tuy nhin v s mt mt ln hn,
dn n hiu sut thp v bng thng nh hn.




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1.3 u nhc im v ng dng ca anten vi di
Anten vi di c mt s u im so vi cc loi anten siu cao tn khc v do
n c s dng nhiu trong cc ng dng trn bng tn rng t khong
100MHz n 50GHz.
1.3.1 u im
Mt s u im c bn ca anten vi di so vi cc loi anten siu cao tn
khc
+ Trng lng thp, kch thc nh, hnh dng phng mng nn c th
ch to d dng
+ Gi thnh sn xut thp, d dng tin hnh sn xut hng lot
+ C th c lm mng, thch hp cho cc thit b di ng
+ Cc anten vi di ny c th c trang b d dng trn tn la, v tinh
m khng cn nhng s iu chnh nhiu
+ Cc anten vi di ny c vng tn x nh
+ Cc phn cc thng v phn cc trn c th t bng mt thay i n
gin v tr feed
+ Cc anten hai bng tn c th c ch to d dng
+ Cc thit b nh b dao ng, b khuch i, b suy hao thay i,
chuyn mch, b iu bin, b trn, b dch pha c th c thm
vo trc tip trn b mt lp ca anten
+ ng feed line v mng phi hp c sn xut ng thi vi cu
trc ca anten
1.3.2 Nhc im
Bn cnh nhng u im nh trn th cc anten vi di cng c mt s nhc
im:
+ Bng thng rt hp, thng thng ch khong 1 5%. y l hn ch
ln nht ca anten vi di trong cc ng dng cn tri ph rng
+ Suy hao, do lm cho s khuch i thp hn mt cht
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+ Tt c cc anten vi di u bc x trn mt na mt phng (trong na
khng gian pha trn mt phng t)
+ Hiu xut bc x end-fire thp
+ S cch ly gia cc phn t bc x v feed km
+ Kh nng tch tr cng sut thp
+ C bc x d t ng truyn v mi ni
+ Kh nng ca s kch thch ca cc sng b mt
Tuy nhin, chng ta c nhiu cch gim nh mt cch c bn nh hng
tiu cc ca cc nhc im k trn. V d, s kch thch ca sng b mt c th
c trit tiu hoc loi tr bng cch thc hin mt cch cn thn trong c qu
trnh thit k v sn xut.
1.3.3 ng dng ca anten vi di
Trong nhiu thit k c th, cc u im ca anten vi di l ni tri hn cc
nhc im ca n. Hin nay c nhiu ng dng thnh cng khc nhau s dng
anten vi di. Trong tng lai, cng vi vic tip tc nghin cu, pht trin th chng
ta c th hy vng rng tnh thng dng ca anten vi di ngy cng tng, v chng s
thay th mt cch c bn cc loi anten thng thng khc tt c cc ng dng.
Mt s ng dng h thng ng ch s dng anten vi di c pht trin bao
gm:
+ Truyn thng v tinh
+ H thng radar s dng hiu ng Doopler v cc h thng radar khc
+ Dng c o cao sng Radio
+ Mnh lnh v iu khin
+ iu khin tn la t xa
+ Cm bin t xa v cc thit b o c mi trng
+ Lm cc phn t dy dn trong cc anten phc tp
+ Cc b thu tn hiu dn ng v tinh
+ B pht x sinh trc hc

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1.4 Cc hnh dng ca anten vi di
Anten vi di c c t bi nhiu thng s hn cc anten truyn thng khc.
Chng cng c thit k di dng hnh hc khc nhau nh: hnh vung (square),
hnh trn (circular), tam gic (triangular), bn cu (semicircular), hnh qut
(sectoral), hnh vnh khuyn (annularring).

Hnh 2: Cc dng anten vi di thng dng
Tt c antenvi di c chia lm 4 loi c bn: anten patch vi di, dipole vi
di, anten khe dng k thut in, anten traveling-wave vi di.
1.4.1 Anten patch vi di
Mt anten patch vi di bao gm mt patch dn in di dng hnh hc phng
hay khng phng trn mt mt ca ming in mi v mt phng t nm trn
mt phng cn li ca . Anten patch vi di c nhiu dng khc nhau nhng c
tnh bc x ca chng hu nh ging nhau do chng hot ng ging nh mt
dipole. Trong s cc loi anten patch vi di, anten c dng hnh vung v hnh trn
l hai dng thng dng v s dng rng ri.

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1.4.2 Dipole vi di
Dipole vi di c hnh dng ging vi anten vi di patch hnh vung nhng ch
khc nhau t s L/W. B rng ca dipole thng thng b hn 0.05 ln bc sng
trong khng gian t do. th bc x ca dipole vi di v anten patch vi di ging
nhau tuy nhin cc c tnh khc nh: in tr bc x, bng thng v bc x phn
cc cho (cross-polar) th chng hu nh khc nhau. Anten dipole vi di th thch
hp vi cc ng dng tn s cao do chng s dng ming in mi c b dy
tng i dy do vy chng t c bng thng ng k. Vic la chn m hnh
cp ngun rt quan trng v phi tnh n khi phn tch anten dipole vi di.
1.4.3 Printed Slot Antenna
Printed Slot Antenna c cu to bao gm mt khe trong mt phng t ca
mt c ni t (groundsubstrate). Khe ny c th c nhiu hnh dng khc
nhau nh l: hnh ch nht, hnh trn, hnh nn... Anten loi ny bc x theo hai
hng, ngha l chng bc x trn hai mt ca khe. Chng ta c th to ra bc x
n hng bng cch s dng mt mt phn x mt pha ca khe.
1.4.4 Microstrip Traveling-Wave Antennas (MTA)
MTA c cu thnh bi mt lot cc vt dn xch li vi nhau hay mt on
ng truyn vi di di v rng c th h tr ch truyn TE. Trong ,
u ca anten c ni t v u cn li c phi hp tr khng trnh hin
tng sng ng trn anten. Anten MTA c th c thit k hng bp sng
chnh trong bt k phng no t broadside n endfire.
1.5 Cc kiu tip in cho anten vi di
Do anten vi di c thnh phn bc x trn mt mt ca in mi nn cc k
thut cp ngun cho anten vi di lc ban u l bng cch dng mt ng
truyn vi di hoc mt probe ng trc xuyn qua mt phng t ni n patch kim
loi ca anten vi di. Cng vi s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut, mt s k thut
cp ngun mi cho anten vi di c nghin cu v pht trin. Hin nay cc
phng php ph bin dng cp ngun cho anten vi di l: cp ngun s dng
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ng truyn vi di, probe ng trc, ghp khe (aperture-coupling), ghp gn
(proximiti-coupling).
Vic la chn cp ngun ph thuc vo nhiu yu t khc nhau. Tuy nhin,
yu t quan trng nht l hiu sut truyn nng lng gia phn bc x v phn cp
ngun tc l phi c s phi hp tr khng gia hai phn vi nhau. Ngoi ra, vic
chuyn i tr khng bc, vic un con... Cng lm pht sinh bc x r v suy hao
sng mt. Cc bc x khng mong mun ny lm tng bc x ph trong th bc
x ca anten vi di. Vic gim thiu bc x r v nhng nh hng ca n ln
th bc x l mt trong nhng yu t quan trng nh gi vic cp ngun c tt hay
khng.
1.5.1 Cp ngun bng ng truyn vi di
Vic kch thch cho anten vi di bng ng truyn vi di trn cng mt lp
nn l mt cch la chn t nhin v patch c th c xem l mt ng truyn vi
di h v c hai c th c thit k trn cng mt mch. Tuy nhin, k thut ny
c vi hn ch. l s pht x khng mong mun t on feed line khi kch thc
on feed line l ng k so vi patch (v d trong trng hp L nh i vi
khong vi mm).
Patch
GND
Feed

Hnh 3: Cp ngun dng ng truyn vi di



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1.5.2 Cp ngun bng probe ng trc
Cp ngun qua probe l mt trong nhng phng php c bn nht truyn
ti cng sut cao tn. Vi cch feed ny, phn li ca u feed c ni vi patch,
phn ngoi ni vi groundplane. u im ca cch ny l n gin trong qu trnh
thit k, c kh nng feed ti mi v tr trn tm patch do d dng cho phi hp
tr khng. Tuy nhin cch ny c nhc im:
+ Th nht, v dng u feed nn c phn n ra pha ngoi lm cho anten
khng hon ton phng v mt i tnh i xng
+ Th hai, khi cn cp ngun ng trc cho mt dy s i hi s lng u
ni tng ln v nh th vic ch to s kh khn v tin cy gim i
+ Th ba, khi cn tng bng thng ca anten th i hi phi tng b dy lp
nn cng nh chiu di ca probe
+ Kt qu l bc x r v in cm ca probe tng ln.
Patch
im tip xc in
Cp ng trc

r
GND
Patch

Hnh 4: Cp ngun dng cp ng trc


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1.5.3 Cp ngun dng phng php ghp khe Aperture coupled
GND

r2

r1
Patch
khe
ng cp ngun vi di

Hnh 5: Cp ngun dng phng php ghp khe Aperture coupled
Phng php cp ngun cng thng c s dng nhm loi b s bc x
khng cn thit ca ng microstripline. Cu trc bao gm 2 lp in mi.
Patchantenna c t trn cng, ground gia c 1 khe h slot nh, ng truyn
feedline lp in mi di. Thng thng th ming in mi trn c hng s
in mi thp, lp in mi di c hng s in mi cao nhm mc ch ti
u ha s bc x ca anten. Tuy nhin, phng thc cp ngun ny kh thc hin
do phi lm nhiu lp, v lm tng dy ca anten. Phng php cp ngun ny
th cho bng hp (narrowbandwith).
1.5.4 Cp ngun dng phng php ghp gn Proximity Coupled
Cu trc ny gm 2 lp in mi, ming patchantenna nm ming in mi
trn, ng feedline gia 2 lp in mi. Phng thc ny c u im cao loi
b ti a s bc x ca ng cp ngun (feedline) v cho bng thng rng (khong
13%).
GND

r2

r1
Patch
ng cp ngun vi di

Hnh 6: Cp ngun dng phng php ghp gn Proximity Coupled
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Phng php ny cng c gi l phng php ghp in t. Phng php
ny v bn cht l ghp in dung gia patch v ng cp ngun. Thng s ca
hai lp nn c th c la chn ci thin bng thng v gim bc x r u
cui h ca ng truyn. Cng v l do ny, b dy ca lp in mi th hai cng
mng hn. Bc x trong trng hp ny s ln hn. Tuy nhin phng php ny
phc tp hn khi ch to v sn xut.
1.6 Nguyn l hot ng ca anten vi di
Chng ta bit rng bc x ca ng truyn vi di, mt cu trc tng t nh
l anten vi di, c th gim ng k nu in mi s dng c b dy mng v h
s in mi tng i thp. Hay ni cch khc, n gip cho bc x anten vi di tt
hn vi hiu sut bc x cao hn. Do vy, trong mt anten vi di, ngi ta s dng
cc nn in mi c h s t thm thp. Bc x t anten vi di c th c xc nh
t phn b trng gia patch v mt phng t hay di dng phn b dng in
mt trn b mt ca patch.
Xt mt anten vi di c cp ngun bi mt ngun cao tn
(microwavesource). Vic cung cp nng lng cho patch lm hnh thnh nn s
phn b in tch mt trn v mt di ca patch cng nh trn b mt ca mt
phng t. Di tc dng ca cc lc y, hnh thnh do cc lc tng tc gia cc
in t cng du, trn b mt ca patch lm cho mt s in tch cc vng ra ca
patch dch chuyn t b mt di ln b mt trn ca patch. S dch chuyn ca cc
in tch lm hnh thnh trn b mt ca patch vect mt dng mt di
b
J v
vect mt dng mt trn
t
J .

L
h
J
t
J
b c
r
h
W

Hnh 7: Phn b in tch v dng in trong anten vi di hnh ch nht
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Do trong hu ht cc anten t s
h
W
l rt b v th lc ht gia cc in tch
chim u th v hu ht s tp trung in tch v dng vn tn ti bn di patch b
mt. V nh th, ch c mt lng nh dng dch chuyn t ming ra ca patch ln
mt trn ca patch lm hnh thnh mt trng nh c chiu tip tuyn vi cc ra
ca patch. Do vy, n gin cho vic tnh ton, chng ta xp x rng t trng
tip tuyn l zero v t trng tip tuyn ny c th thnh lp cc bc tng t
xung quanh cc chu vi ca patch. Cc gi nh ny cng hp l hn trong trng
hp in mi c b dy mng vi hng s in mi
r
c ln. Tng t nh trng
hp ca trng in t, v b dy ca in mi rt mng so vi bc sng truyn
trong lp in mi, nn trng bin thin dc theo cao l khng i v trng
in gn nh vung gc vi b mt ca patch. T cc iu kin ca trng in v
trng t, patch c th c xem nh l m hnh ca mt hc cng hng (cavity)
vi cc bc x trng in bn trn v bn di (do trng in th vung gc vi
b mt ca patch) v bn bc tng t dc theo cc ra ca patch (do trng t tip
tuyn gn nh bng khng). T cc iu kin ca hc cng hng va nu th ch
c cc mode TM l c th truyn trong hc cng hng.
Bn bc tng bn ca hc cng hng tng ng cho bn khe bc x.
Patch ca anten vi di c th tng trng bng mt vect mt dng
t
J tng
ng. Trong khi , bn khe bc x cc mt bn c c trng bng cc vect
mt dng
s
J v
s
M ln lt tng ng vi trng t
a
H v trng in
a
E trong
cc khe bc x.
n a
J n H = (1-8)
a
s
M n E = (1-9)
V ta xt in mi c dy mng nn mt dng trn
t
J rt b so vi
mt dng di
b
J ca patch. Do ,
t
J s c t bng khng ch ra rng
hu nh khng c bc x t b mt ca patch. Tng t nh th, cc trng t tip
tuyn dc theo ra ca patch v mt dng tng ng
s
M c t bng khng.
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Do vy, ch cn li mt thnh phn mt dng khc khng l vect mt dng
s
M dc theo chu vi patch. biu din s hin din ca mt phng t ta s dng
l thuyt nh rng mt dng s tng gp i so vi khi cha xt mt phng t.
Mt dng mi s l:
2 a
s
M n E = (1-10)
Trng in trong khe bc x xc nh:
0
.
a
E z E = i vi hai khe c chiu di W v cao h
0
. sin
a
x
E z E
L
t | |
=
|
\ .
i vi khe c chiu di L v cao h
Do cc iu kin xt trn, ta nhn ra l kt qu bc x ca khe dc theo chiu
ca trc x th hu nh bng khng v phn b dng bng v o du vi nhau trong
cc khe. Tuy nhin, kt qu bc x dc theo chiu ca trc y tn ti di dng mt
di hai thnh phn vi cc thnh phn mt dng cng bin v pha v cch
nhau mt khong L chiu di ca patch. Do , bc x t patch c th c miu
t di dng hai khe dc (verticalslots).
Vic phn tch cc khe dc ny trong mi trng in mi khng ng nht
l mt vn ht sc kh khn nn cc khe dc ny c thay th bi hai khe
phng (planarslots). i vi cc loi anten vi di c cu hnh khc cng c th c
tng trng bi cc khe tng ng cng loi.
M hnh ng truyn sng xem mt anten vi di c patch hnh ch nht nh
l mt on ca ng truyn vi di. y l m hnh n gin nht, n cho ta mt
s hiu bit vt l su sc nhng km chnh xc v kh p dng cho cc m hnh
ghp, cng nh khng th p dng cho cc anten c dng phc tp.Khc vi m
hnh ng truyn sng, m hnh hc cng hng c chnh xc cao hn nhng
ng thi cng phc tp hn. Tuy nhin, m hnh ny u im l c th p dng
c trn nhiu dng khc nhau ca patch.
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M hnh ng truyn l d nht cho tt c cc loi nhng n cho kt qu t
chnh xc nht v n thiu tnh linh hot. Tuy nhin, n cho mt s hiu bit tng
i r rng v tnh vt l. Mt microstrip anten hnh ch nht c th c m t nh
mt mng ca hai khe bc x hp, mi khe c chiu rng l W, chiu cao l h v
cch nhau mt khong L. M hnh ng truyn c bn din t anten vi di gm hai
khe phn cch nhau bi mt ng truyn c tr khng thp Zc v c chiu di L.
Nh ta bit, hu ht cc ng sc in trng trong lp in mi nn v
mt phn ca mt s ng tn ti trong khng kh. Khi L/h >>1,
r
c >> 1, nhng
ng sc in trng tp trung hu ht trong nn in mi. Hiu ng vin trong
trng hp ny lm cho ng truyn vi di trng c v rng v in hn kch
thc thc ca n.Khi mt vi sng i vo lp in mi nn, v mt s khc i
vo trong khng kh. Hng s in mi hiu dng
reff
c c s dng hiu chnh
cc nh hng ca hiu ng vin i vi sng trn ng truyn.
Hng s in mi hiu dng c cho bi cng thc :
1
2 1
1
1 12
2 2
reff
r
reff
h
W
c
c
c

+

(
= + +
(

vi W/h >> 1
Do hiu ng vin, patch ca anten vi di v mt in trng c v ln hn kch
thc vt l ca n trong mt phng x-y. iu ny cho thy chiu di in ca patch
vt qu chiu di vt l mt khong L A v mi pha, vi L A l hm ca hng s
in mi hiu dng v t s chiu rng trn b dy in mi (W/h). Khong chnh
lch gia chiu di in v chiu di thc ny c tnh xp x theo cng thc:
( )
( )
0.3 0.264
0.412
0.258 0.8
reff
reff
W
h
L h
W
h
c
c
| |
+ +
|
\ .
A =
| |
+
|
\ .

Khi chiu di ca patch c ko di mt khong L A v mi bn, chiu di
ca patch lc ny l :
Lreff = L +2 L A
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h
r
L
(b) Mt phng ct ngang
t
L L
(a) Mt trn

Hnh 8: Chiu di vt l v chiu di hiu dng ming patch

L
W
B
1
G
1
B
2
G
2
Y
c
(a) Ming patch hnh ch nht (b) Ti tng ng

Hnh 9: Patch ch nht v mch tng ng trong m hnh ng truyn








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CHNG 2: BI TON THIT K ANTEN VI DI
2.1 Cc thng s c tnh ca anten
2.1.1 Tn s cng hng
L tn s m mt anten c th bc x/thu tt nht, thng th tn s cng
hng ca anten l tn s trung tm ca bng thng
2.1.2 Bng thng
Di tn s hot ng ca anten m trong cc thng s ca anten tha mn
mt tiu chun xc nh trc.
2.1.3 li
L tng cng sut pht theo cng sut t vo anten. Anten c li cng
cao th khong cch sng i cng xa.Vic tp trung cng sut pht ca chng cht
ch hn lm cho nhiu nng lng c truyn n ch hn, khong cch xa
hn.
2.1.4 H s sng ng
H s sng ng - VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) xut hin khi tr
khng khng tng thch gia cc thit b trong h thng RF. VSWR c gy ra
bi mt b tn hiu RF b phn x ti im tr khng khng tng thch trn ng
truyn tn hiu.
2.1.5 Phn cc
L phn cc ca sng in t do anten bc x ra, c xc nh bi hnh
chiu ca vector E ln mt phng vung gc vi phng truyn sng.
C cc dng phn cc: phn cc thng, phn cc trn,phn cc elip.
2.1.6 Tr khng anten
Anten bc x mt s cng sut dng nng lng in t. Tt c cc thit b
RF, ng truyn (cp), anten u c tr khng, chnh l t s gia in p v dng
in. Khi anten c kt ni vi mt on cp, nu tr khng u vo ca anten
trng khp vi tr khng ca radio v ng truyn th tng cng sut c truyn
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t radio n anten l ti a. Tuy nhin, nu tr khng khng ging nhau th mt
phn nng lng s b phn x ngc tr li ngun v phn cn li mi truyn n
anten. V vy phi tnh ton phi hp tr khng cho anten.
2.2 Yu cu bi ton
+ Thc hin thit k anten vi di a bng (dual band), tn s cng hng
2.4Ghz
+ Tr khng vo l 50
+ li >=3 dBi
+ Bng thng : Tha mn rng bng thng ti thiu
2.3 Phng n thit k
2.3.1 Phng n thit k
+ Thc hin thit k anten n bng 2.4Ghz
+ Thit k bng phn mm CST
2.3.2 Cc gi thit thit k
+ Tn s cng hng trung tm f=2.4Ghz
+ Tm in mi chn l cht liu Rogers RT 5880 vi cc thng s
dy tm in mi: h=1.6 mm
Hng s in mi tng i tm : r=2.2
2.3.3 Cc cng thc s dng trong vic tnh ton
Da trn nhng cng thc n gin c m t, mt quy trnh tnh ton
thit k cho anten vi di hnh ch nht c vch ra. Gi s ta c nhng thong s
ban u: hng s in mi
r
c , tn s hot ng f0, v chiu cao ca lp in mi
nn h. Ta c trnh t thit k nh sau:
Gi thit: iu kin ban u ca bi ton
r
c , f0 v h
Xc nh W, L
Cc bc thit k:
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Bc 1:
t c bc x hiu qu, chiu rng ca patch c tnh theo cng thc:
0 0 0 0 0
1 2 2
1 2 1 2
r
c
W
f f c c c
= =
+ +
(1-44)

Vi c: vn tc nh sng, c = 310
8
m/s
f0: Tn s hot ng ca anten

r
c : Hng s in mi
Bc 2:
Xc nh hng s in mi hiu dng ca anten vi di theo cng thc (1-38)
1
2 1
1
1 12
2 2
reff
r
reff
h
W
c
c
c

+

(
= + +
(


Bc 3:
Tnh tng chiu di do hiu ng ph theo cng thc (1-39)
( )
( )
0.3 0.264
0.412
0.258 0.8
reff
reff
W
h
L h
W
h
c
c
| |
+ +
|
\ .
A =
| |
+
|
\ .

Bc 4:
Chiu di thc s ca patch by gi c th tnh c bi:
L= Lreff +2 L A
in tr vo cng hng c th c thay i bng cch ghp ng cung cp
a vo mt khong y0t khe #1 nh hnh di y. K thut ny c th c s
dng hiu qu phi hp tr khng vi ng cung cp. Tr khng ca ng
truyn c cho bi cng thc
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0
0
0 0
60 8
ln
4
120
1.393 0.667ln 1.444
4 4
reff
c
reff
w h
w h
Z
w w
h h
c
t
c

(
+

( | |

+ + +
| (

\ .

0
0
1
1
w
h
w
h
s
>

Trong w0 l b rng ca ng truyn vi di. Tr khng ghp c tnh
bi:
( )
( )
2 2
2 2 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 2
1 2
1 2
cos sin sin
2
in
c c
G B B
R y y y y y
G G L Y L Y L
t t t ( + | | | | | |
= = +
( | | |

\ . \ . \ .


( )
( )
2 2
0 0 0
1 2
1
cos ( 0) cos
2
in
in
R y y y R y y
G G L L
t t ( | | | |
= = = =
| | (

\ . \ .

Thng phi hp tr khng vi in tr 50 ohm nn ta c
1
0
50
cos
in
L
y
R t

| |
=
|
|
\ .

L
W
(a) V tr im feed cho patch antenna
1.0
0.75
0.5
0.25
0 0.5 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
y0/L
R
i n
(
y
=
y
0
)
/
R
i n
(
y
=
0
)
(a) th biu din tr khng vo
y0

Hnh 10: Thay i v tr im feed c tr khng vo ph hp
Gi tr tnh theo cng thc trn kh ng so vi kt qu thc nghim. Tuy
nhin vic a im feed vo cch bin mt khong y0 cng to nn mt khe vt l
hnh thnh mt mi ni in dung. Khe vt l v mi ni in dung ca n nh nh
n tn s cng hng (thng thng to ra thay i khong 1%).
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CHNG 3: THC HIN M PHNG V KT QU
3.1 Thc hin m phng
Dng phn mm CST thit k 1 Microstrip Patch antenna hnh ch nht
bng ng, cp ngun theo kiu microstrip line c ng dy dn vo. Ming patch
hnh ch nht c chn v cu trc n gin v d thit k. Anten t trn tn s
2.4 2.48. Tn s wifi kt ni wiless LAN gia cc my tnh c ng dng rng
ri theo chun 802.11 v di tn WLAN m rng >5Ghz. Anten c t trn lp
in mi. Nhng thng s ny s c th hin r rng qua bng sau:
Bng 3.1: Cc thng s anten thit k
Tn s hot ng 2.4 - 2.48 GHz
Hng s in mi ca lp in mi ( c
r) 2.2
dy lp in mi (h) 1.6 mm
Phng thc cp ngun Microstrip line
S phn cc Thng

Da vo cc cng thc trn v bng 3.1 ta c th tnh ton v a ra bng sau
thit k cho anten n bng vi tn s trung tm l 2.4 Ghz
Bng 3.2: Thng s thit k anten n bng 2.4 Ghz
L(mm) W(mm) Yo(mm) Gpf(mm) Wf(mm) Lf(mm) t(mm)
41 56 13.2 0.8 7 31.8 0.1
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3.2 Kt qu thu c v nh gi

Hnh 11: Anten vi di n bng


Hnh 12: Bng thng khi xt vi tn s trung tm l 2.4 Ghz


Hnh 13: tng ch ti tn s trung tm l 2.4 Ghz
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Hnh 14: th smith
T kt qu m phng thu c ta thy nh cng hng khong 2.4Ghz, vi
rng bng tn khong 50Mhz, li ln ti 8.42dB. Kt qu ny cho thy li
tng ch kh cao v bng tn cng p ng c ln ti thiu.
Qua kinh nghim t cc ln m phng vi cc thng s khc nhau nhm rt
ra c. Nu mun tng bng thng th c th tng chiu cao h ca tm in mi
hoc gim h s in mi. Tuy nhin, nu gim h s in mi thp qu hoc tng h
cao qu s nh hng n s phn cc sng, trng bc x s phc tp c nhiu
mode sng, cng thc tnh W, L s phc tp hn. Phng php ny cng c nhc
im l khi tng chiu cao lp in mi h s dn ti s thay i ln dn ca
anten lm kh thc hin mch in.









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KT LUN
Trong thi gian nghin cu v thc hin ti, nhm chng em i su vo
nghin cu l thuyt v anten vi di v thc hin m phng trn phn mm CST.
Qua , nhm c luyn k nng c bn s dng phn mm thit k anten.
ti thit k anten vi di c thc hin mi ch dng li c bn v ch
mang tnh cht nghin cu l thuyt nhiu v thc hnh s dng phn mm CST l
ch yu. Tuy nhin n s l nn tng gip chng em nghin cu su hn v lnh vc
ny c th ra sn phm tht.
ti ca nhm em cn nhiu thit st rt mong s quan tm v gp ca
Thy.















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TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Antenna Theory Analysis_and_Design - 2
nd
Edition Constantine A.Balanis
[2] Modern_Antenna_Design Thomas A.Milligan
[3] Antenna_Engineering_Handbook Richarcd C.Johnson
[4] Truyn Sng v anten - L Tin Thng, Trn Vn S
[5] L thuyt k thut siu cao tn V nh Thnh
[6] http://www.emtalk.com
[7] Paper: Planar Rectangular Microstrip Antenna forDualband Operation - P.N.
Misra. Dept. of Elec tronics & Communication Engineering, VSSUT, BURLA,
India
[9] Paper: DESIGN OF A NOVEL MICROSTRIP-FED DUAL-BANDSLOT
ANTENNA FOR WLAN APPLICATIONS. S. Gai, Y.-C. Jiao, Y.-B. Yang, C.-Y.
Li, and J.-G. Gong











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MC LC
M U............................................................................................................................................ 1
NI DUNG ........................................................................................................................................ 2
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V ANTEN VI DI ............................................................................ 2
1.1 L thuyt anten ................................................................................................................... 2
1.2 Gii thiu chung v anten vi di ........................................................................................ 2
1.3 u nhc im v ng dng ca anten vi di.................................................................... 4
1.3.1 u im ...................................................................................................................... 4
1.3.2 Nhc im ................................................................................................................ 4
1.3.3 ng dng ca anten vi di ......................................................................................... 5
1.4 Cc hnh dng ca anten vi di .......................................................................................... 6
1.4.1 Anten patch vi di....................................................................................................... 6
1.4.2 Dipole vi di ............................................................................................................... 7
1.4.3 Printed Slot Antenna .................................................................................................. 7
1.4.4 Microstrip Traveling-Wave Antennas (MTA) ............................................................ 7
1.5 Cc kiu tip in cho anten vi di .................................................................................... 7
1.5.1 Cp ngun bng ng truyn vi di ......................................................................... 8
1.5.2 Cp ngun bng probe ng trc .............................................................................. 9
1.5.3 Cp ngun dng phng php ghp khe Aperture coupled .................................. 10
1.5.4 Cp ngun dng phng php ghp gn Proximity Coupled ............................... 10
1.6 Nguyn l hot ng ca anten vi di .............................................................................. 11
CHNG 2: BI TON THIT K ANTEN VI DI .................................................................. 16
2.1 Cc thng s c tnh ca anten ....................................................................................... 16
2.1.1 Tn s cng hng ................................................................................................... 16
2.1.2 Bng thng ............................................................................................................... 16
2.1.3 li ....................................................................................................................... 16
2.1.4 H s sng ng ....................................................................................................... 16
2.1.5 Phn cc................................................................................................................... 16
2.1.6 Tr khng anten ....................................................................................................... 16
2.2 Yu cu bi ton ............................................................................................................... 17
2.3 Phng n thit k ............................................................................................................ 17
2.3.1 Phng n thit k ................................................................................................... 17
2.3.2 Cc gi thit thit k ................................................................................................ 17
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2.3.3 Cc cng thc s dng trong vic tnh ton ............................................................ 17
CHNG 3: THC HIN M PHNG V KT QU .............................................................. 20
3.1 Thc hin m phng ........................................................................................................ 20
3.2 Kt qu thu c v nh gi ........................................................................................... 21
KT LUN ...................................................................................................................................... 23
TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................................................ 24

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