Professional Documents
Culture Documents
<nansai> : my tui
I. T VNG
<hai> : vng
<watashi> : ti
<iie> : khng
<anata> : bn
<onamaewa> : bn tn g?
<anokata> : v kia
: rt hn hnh c lm quen
<san> : anh , ch
<kara kimashita> : n t
<AMERIKA> : M
ln n)
<IGIRISU> : Anh
<INDO> : n
<jin> : ngi nc
<INDONESHIA> : Indonesia
<kankoku> : Hn quc
<DOICHI> : c
<nihon> : Nht
<FURANSU> : Php
<isha> : bc s
<BURAJIRU> : Brazil
<ENJINIA> : k s
<daigaku> : trng i hc
IMC: tn cng ty
<denki> : in
AKC: tn cng ty
()
<SANTOSU san wa gakusei ja (dewa) arimasen.>
II. NG PHP
Mu cu 1: _____<ha>_____<desu>
Mu cu 3:_____<wa> _____<desu><ka>
* Vi mu cu ny ta dng tr t <ha> (c l <wa>, ch khng phi l <ha>
trong bng ch - y l cu trc cu-.) T ch ny v sau s vit l <wa> lun,
TO BE ca ting Anh.
vi To BE ca ting Anh)
* y l mu cu khng nh
Vd:
Vd:
( ti l Michael Miler)
Mu cu 2: _____<wa>_____<ja>/<dewa>
Mu cu 4: _____<mo> _____<desu (ka)>
* Mu cu vn dng tr t <wa> nhng vi ngha ph nh. mu cu ny
ta c th dng<ja> hoc<dewa> i trc<arimasen>
u c.
Anh m!!!!)
Vd:
Vd:
A: ( )
(Ti l ngi Vit Nam, bn cng l ngi Vit Nam phi khng ?)
(B Teresa 9 tui)
B:
() ()
mo?>
(Vng, ti cng l ngi Vit Nam. Ti l sinh vin i hc, cn anh cng vy
phi khng)
A:
Mu cu 5: _____ <wa>___<no>
(Khng, ti khng phi l sinh vin i hc, ti l nhn vin cng ty.)
Vd:
IMC .
<IMC no shain>
(Nhn vin ca cng ty IMC>
IMC
<MIRA san wa IMC no shain desu>
<Nihongo no hon>
(Sch ting Nht)
<san>
<yon> (<shi>
Mu cu 6: _____<wa><nansai><oikutsu>
<go>
<desu ka>
<roku>
_____ <wa><sai><desu>
<nana> (<shichi>
- y l mu cu hi vi t hi ( nghi vn t)<nansai>
<hachi>
<kyuu>
<juu>
<juuichi>
<juuni>
Vd:
<nijuu>
<nijuuichi>
<nijuuni>
(B Taro my tui vy ?)
<issai> 1 tui
<hatachi> 20 tui
(B Taro 9 tui)
ka>
<donata>
- Mu cu (b.) dng t thng dng l<dare>, khi mun ni 1 cch lch s
th dng<donata>.
S m:
<ichi>
Vd:
<ni>
a.
+ ___A__ __1(2)___
- y l dng cu hi chn la trong hai hay nhiu s vt, s vic khc nhau.
- Ngha l ___A__ l _____ hay l _____?
Vd:
(V ny l ngi no vy?)
Cc im ch thm:
Khi gii thiu tn mnh khng bao gi c ni thm ch <san> hoc
nh l ngi Nht lun t h mnh trc ngi khc. Khi gii thiu tn ngi
khc th phi thm ch <san> hoc <sama> ( khi gii thiu ngi ln
tui c a v x hi cao)
Mu cu 8:__A___
+ Kono hon wa Nihongo no hon desu.( cun sch ny l sch ting Nht)
+ ___A__ _____
- y l mu cu dng hi Quc tch ca mt ngi.
Mu cu 11: ___A__
Vd:
- A san wa nani jin desuka. ( A l ngi nc no?)
- y l cu hi vi t hi:
- Ngha ca t hi ny l A l Ci g?
Vd:
- Kore wa nandesuka. (y l ci g?)
: <sore>
: <are> kia
: <kono> ~ny
Mu cu 12:
: <sono> ~
: <ano> ~kia
y l cu hi lch s.
: <hon>Sch
: <jisho> T in
- y l cu hi dng hi tn.
: <zasshi> tp ch
- Ngha l Tn ca bn ____ l g?
: <shimbun> bo
Vd:
: <NOTO> tp
- Onamae wa. ( hoc shitsure desu ga, onamaewa hoc Anatano namae wa
: <techou> s tay
nandesuka) ( Tn bn l g?)
+ watashi wa A desu. Tn ti l A
: <KA-DO> card
: <TELEHONKA-DO> card in thoi
: <embitsu>vit ch
Mu cu 13:
: <BO-RUPEN> Vit bi
: <SHA-PUPENSHIRU> vit ch bm
: <kagi> ch kho
: <tokei> ng h
chn
: <kasa>Ci d
- Ngha l Qu ca _____ u?
: <kaban> ci cp
Vd:
: <TE-PUREKO-DA->my casset
: <TEREBI>ci TV
: <RAZIO> ci radio
BI2
I. T Vng
: <KOMPYU-TA-> my vi tnh
: <jidousha> xe hi
: <kore> y
: <tsukue> ci bn
: <CHOKORE-TO> ko scla
(y l sch g?)
: <KO-HI-> c ph
: <dou> th no
: <sodesuka> th ?
vic g .
- V d:
: <douzo> xin mi
Hm nay l th my?
: <doumo> cm n
Hm nay l th ba
chn thnh cm n
NOEL l th my?
gip
NOEL ngy th T.
c gip .
II. Ng Php - Mu cu:
- ngha: _____ l ci g?
s kin g .
- V d:
- V d:
<kore>
<sore> <wa nan desuka?>
Phn ph lc:
<are>
- ngha: Ci ny/ci / ci kia l ci g?
<nanyobi> th my
- Cch dng:
<getsuyoubi> th Hai
<kayoubi> th Ba
<suiyoubi> th T
vt xa ngi tr li
<mokuyoubi> th Nm
<kinyoubi> th Su
dng <sore>
<doyoubi> th By
<nichiyoubi> Ch Nht
- V d:
Kore wa nanno hon desuka?
<nannichi> ngy my
y l sch g?
l sch Kanji
- ngha: ~ny/~/~kia l ~ g?
- V d:
cun tp ch l tp ch g?
<kaisha> cng ty
<uchi> nh
<denwa> in thoi
<kutsu> i giy
<WAIN> ru ty (wine)
<tabako> thuc l
BI3
<uriba> ca hng
I. T Vng
<chika> tng hm
<koko> y
<ikkai> tng 1
<soko>
<asoko> kia
<doko> (nghi vn t) u
<hyaku> Trm
<sochira> (//)
<sen> ngn
<man> vn ( 10 ngn)
<sumimasen> xin li
<kyoshitsu> phng hc
<shokudo> nh n
<jimusho> vn phng
<kaigishitsu> phng hp
<ITARIA>
<SUISU> Thu S
II. Ng php - Mu cu
<EREBE-TA-> thang my
<ESUKARE-TA-> thang cun
<(o) kuni> quc gia ( nc)
<koko>
- VD:
a. koko wa doko desuka? (y l u?)
- VD:
Koko wa uketsuke desu. (y l bn tip tn)
<kochira>
_____ <_____wa sochira desu.>
<achira>
ny//kia)
10
- VD:
a. Satou san wa soko desu. < anh Satou >
- VD:
- VD:
- VD:
RESUTORAN wa nankai desuka? ( nh hng tng my?)
RESUTORAN wa gokai desu. ( nh hng tng nm)
______ l ca nc ~
- ngha: ______ gi bao nhiu?
- Cch dng: y l cu trc dng hi xut x ca mt mn . V trong
_____ gi ~
11
- VD:
kono enpitsu wa ikura desuka? ( ci bt ch ny gi bao nhiu?)
- VD:
Phn Ph:
<sangai> tng 3
<yonkai> tng 4
< gokai> tng 5
<rokkai> tng 6
______ tng ~.
<kyuukai> tng 9
<asa> : sng
<jyuukai> tng 10
<hiru> : tra
Cc t mu khc l cc t c m c bit.
<ban> : ti
<yoru> : ti
BI4
<kyou> : hm nay
I) T VNG
<okimasu> : thc dy
<asatsute> : ngy mt
<nemasu> : ng
<hatarakimasu> : lm vic
<konban> : ti nay
<yuube> : ti hm qua
<benkyoushimasu> : hc tp
<owarimasu> : kt thc
<maiasa> : mi sng
12
<maiban> : mi ti
<yuubinkyoku> : bu in
<mainichi> : mi ngy
<PEKIN> : Bc Kinh
<BANKOKU> Bangkok
<denwabangou> : s in thoi
<RONDON> Lun n
<nanban> : s my
<ima> : by gi
<taihendesune> : vt v nh
<ji> : ~gi
<han> : phn na
<(o) onegaishimasu> : lm n
<nanji> : my gi
<kashikomarimashita> : hiu ri
<nanpun> : my pht
II) MU CU - NG PHP
Ng Php
ng T
- ng t qu kh
- nemasu : ng
- ng t hin ti
- okimasu : thc dy
- ng t tng lai
- owarimasu : kt thc
C ui l ch masu
c Bit : aimasu ( gp )
V d :
V d :
BI 5
I.T VNG
<ikimasu> : i
13
<kimasu> : n
b) ng t qu kh
<kaerimasu> : tr v
C ui l ch mashita
<gakkou> : trng hc
V d : nemashita ( ng)
<SU-PA-> : siu th
tabemashita ( n)
<eki> : nh ga
<hikouki> : my bay
( b ch su thm ch shita vo )
<fune> : thuyn/tu
<densha> : xe in
<chikatetsu> : xe in ngm
a) he (c l e) : Ch dng cho 3 ng t
<shinkansen> : tu cao tc
- ikimasu : i
<BASU> : xe but
- kimasu : n
<TAKUSHI-> : xe taxi
- kaerimasu : tr v
<jidensha> : xe p
<aruite> <(ikimasu)> : i b
<hito> : ngi
Mu Cu 1
<tomodachi> : bn
Cu trc :
<kare> : anh y
__
<kanojo> : c y
<kazoku> : gia nh
V d :
<hitoride> : mt mnh
(Bn ang lm g ?)
<konshuu> : tun ny
<raishuu> : tun ti
<kongetsu> : thng ny
<raigetsu> : thng ti
Mu Cu 2
<kyonen> : nm ri
Cu trc :
<kotoshi> : nm nay
__
<rainen> : nm ti
<~gatsu> : thng ~
14
V d : A
<nangatsu> : thng my
<ichinichi> : mt ngy
(A ang lm g vi bn vy)
<nannichi> : ngy my
<itsu> : khi no
<kyuukou> : tc hnh
Mu Cu 3
<totsukyuu> : ha tc
Cu trc :
<tsugino> : k tip
__
<arigatou gozaimashita> : cm n
V d : B
<~bansen> : tuyn th ~
II. MU CU
Ghi ch :
<dare> : ai
<doko> : u
Mu Cu 4
Cu trc :
__
<doushi> : ng t
<shimasu> : chi, lm
V d :
Ph ch :
Cc th trong ng t :
a) Th khng nh
ui ca ng t l <masu>
phng tin g.
V d : <ikimasu>
Mu Cu 5
<kaerimasu>
Cu trc :
b) Th ph nh
__
15
ui ca ng t l <masen>
V d : <ikimasen>
V d :
<kaerimasen>
c) Th nghi vn
<hai, mimashita>
d) Th khng nh trong qu kh
(C)
ui ca ng t l <mashita>
V d : <mimashita> : xem ri
<iie, mimasendeshita>
e) Th ph nh trong qu kh
(Khng)
ui ca ng t l <masendeshita>
f) Th nghi vn trong qu kh
hp vi cu v ng t.
Nh th nghi vn ca ng t hin ti
<kudamono> : tri cy
<mizu> : nc
<ocha> : tr
<koucha> : hng tr
BI 6
<gyuunyuu> : sa
I/ T VNG
<MIRUKU> : sa
<tabemasu> : n
<JU-SU> : nc tri cy
<nomimasu> : ung
<BI-RU> : bia
<suimasu> : ht
<(o)sake> : ru sake
<SAKKA-> : bng
<mimasu> : xem
<TENISU> : tenis
<kikimasu> : nghe
CD <CD> : a CD
<yomimasu> : c
<kakimasu> :vit, v
<nani> : ci g
<kaimasu> : mua
<sorekara> : sau
<torimasu> : chp
16
<chotto> : mt cht
<RESUTORAN> : nh hng
<aimasu> : gp
<tegami> : th
<tomodachi ni aimasu> : gp bn
<REPO-TO> : bi bo co
<gohan> : cm
<asagohan> : ba sng
<hirugohan> : ba tra
<bangohan> : ba ti
<iidesune> : c, tt nh
<PAN> : bnh m
<ee> : vng
<tamago> : trng
<niku> : tht
<nandesuka> : ci g vy ?
<sakana> : c
<yasai> : rau
V d :
<ja, mata> : hn gp li
II/ NG PHP - MU CU
Khng ng : ...)
Cu trc :
<tabemasen, (chotto....)>
[Khng c (v g ....)]
V d :
phong ph.
BI7
IT VNG
ph.
<kirimasu> : ct
V d : Phan nh Phng
<okurimasu> : gi
17
<agemasu> : tng
<moraimasu> : nhn
shimasu>
<kashimasu> : cho mn
<karimasu> : mn
<oshiemasu>
<naraimasu> : hc
<kakemasu> :gi in
Cu trc :
<te> : tay
<hashi> : a
<masen ka>
<SUPU-N> : mung
Cu tr li :
<NAIFU> : dao
ng : <ee>, ng t + <mashou>
<FO-KU> : na
<hasami> : ko
<WA-PURO> : my nh ch
<ryokou> : du lch
<PANCHI> : ci bm l
<omiyage> : qu c sn
<HOCHCHIKISU> : ci bm giy
<YO-ROPPA> : Chu u
<kami> : giy ( tc )
<SHATSU> : o s mi
nhng mnh khng bit cch phn bit, chc da vo ngha ca cu. T
<PUREZENTO> : qu tng
<nimotsu> : hnh l
xung ging th l ci mi
<okane> : tin
<kippu> : v
II\ NG PHP - MU CU
<KURISUMASU> : l Noel
Mu cu 1:
<chichi> : cha ti
18
<haha> : m ti
<otousan> : b ca bn
<okaasan> : m ca bn
V d:
<mou> : ri
<mada> : cha
<korekara> : t by gi
<sutekidesune> : tuyt vi qu nh
nh
Mu cu 2:
+ Cu hi:
<mou> + <nani> + <o> + V <Vmashita ka>
+Tr li:
V d:
Good bye
Good bye
Good bye wa ni hon go de sayoinara desu
V d:
Mu cu 3:
(Bn n cm ti cha ?)
V d:
19
(Vng, ti n ri)
Mu cu 4:
Cu trc: <dare> + <ni> + <nani> + <o> +
Lu :
<moraimasu>
V d:
l hc t ai , c ngi no truyn t.
Mu cu 5:
Cu trc:
"Bn ti cho ti mn qu" th khi bn vit ra ting Nht th phi vit l "Ti nhn
<kongo> : ngn ng
BI8
<yasui> : r
I. T VNG
<hikui> : thp
<minikui> : Xu
<takai> : cao
<HANSAMUna> : p trai
<omoshiroi> : th v
<tsumaranai> : chn
<shizukana> : yn tnh
<oishii> : ngon
<mazui> : d
<yuumeina> : ni ting
20
<tanoshii> : vui v
<shinsetsuna> : t t
<shiroi> : trng
<genkina> : khe
<kuroi> : en
<himana> : rnh ri
<akai> :
<isogashii> : bn rn
<aoi> : xanh
<benrina> : tin li
<sutekina> : tuyt vi
<yama> : ni
<ookii> : to ln
<machi> : thnh ph
<chiisai> : nh
<tabemono> : thc n
<atarashii> : mi
<tokoro> : ch
<furui> : c
<ryou> : k tc x
<ii> : tt
<benkyou> : hc tp ( danh t )
<warui> : xu
1. Tnh t <na>
<donna> : no
<dore> : ci no
<totemo> : rt
V d:
() <amarimasen(kunai)> : khnglm
<soshite> : v
<ga,> : nhng
(Bo th t t )
<fujisan> : Ni Ph S
<biwako> : h Biwaco
<SHANHAI> : Thng Hi
b. Th ph nh hin ti:
<kinkakuji> : tn cha
<naremasu> : quen
V d:
21
(A th khng t t.)
c. Th khng nh trong qu kh
II. NG PHP - MU CU
(A th khe.)
V d:
(B th ni ting.)
Quc
<Quc san wa HANSAMU na hito desu>
d. Th ph nh trong qu kh
2 Tnh t <i>
V d:
V d:
(A th khng khe.)
(Ci ng h ny th mi.)
(B th khng ni ting.)
(C gio ca ti th du dng.)
V d:
22
b. Th ph nh hin ti:
(A th khng khe.)
<desu>
V d:
<taka kunai>
c. Th khng nh trong qu kh
<desu>
chnh l tnh t <ii> ngha l tt. Khi i sang ph nh trong hin ti,
V d:
<ii desu>: khng nh hin ti
d. Th ph nh trong qu kh
c <desu>
V d:
V d:
23
Tnh t <na>
A
dng.
Tnh t <i>
<isogashii>
V d:
( Ni Ph S l mt ngn ni cao.)
Tnh t <na>
Tnh t <i>
<Chic xe hi ny th rt mc.)
4. Cc mu cu
a. Mu cu 1:
bn phi c danh t chung i theo sau tnh t <i> hoc <na> theo nh ng
c. Mu cu 3:
cht nh th no.
V d:
ka>
V d:
24
<Ni Ph S th cao.)
.......
b. Mu cu 2:
d. Mu cu 4:
V d:
(Anh A l mt ngi nh th no vy ?)
V d:
<DANSU> : khiu v
<ongaku> : m nhc
<uta> : bi ht
<KURASHIKKU> : nhc c in
e. Mu cu 5:
<KARAOKE> : karaoke
<e> : tranh
V d:
<ji> : ch
<kanji> : ch Hn
<hiragana> : Ch Hiragana
<katakana> : ch Katakana
<RO-MAji> : ch romaji
<komakaiokane> : tin l
25
<CHIKETTO> : v
<jikan> : thi gian
BI9
I. T VNG
<yakusoku> : hn
<wakarimasu> : hiu
<arimasu> : c ( vt)
<sukina>: thch
<kiraina> : ght
<jouzuna>: .....gii
<kodomo> : tr con
<hetana> : ......d
<daigaku> : i hc
<takusan> : nhiu
<SUPO-TSU> : th thao
<sukoshi> : mt cht
<yakyuu> : d cu
<daitai> : i khi
<hayaku> : nhanh
Quc
<~kara> : ~v, do
<doushite> : ti sao
(Quc c xe p khng?)
<moshimoshi> : alo
(Khng, ti khng c xe p)
*Ng php - Mu cu 2:
Ng php:
Danh t + +
II. NG PHP - MU CU
*Ng php - Mu cu 1:
Ng php:
Danh t + +
26
Mu cu:
+ +
+ danh t + +
+ +
khng ?
V d:
Bo
Mu cu:
+ + +
V d:
Lan
Quc
*Ng php - Mu cu 3:
Ng php:
Danh t + + +
*Ng php - Mu cu 4:
Ng php:
Danh t + + +
Danh t + + +
Mu cu:
+ danh t + + +
Mu cu:
+ danh t + + +
khng ?
+ danh t + + +
khng ?
27
+ danh t + + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <heta> + <desu ka> : ai c d v ci g
V d:
khng ?
Long
V d:
*Ng php - Mu cu 5:
Cu hi ti sao: <doushite~ka>
Cu tr li bi v:~<~kara>
*Ng php - Mu cu 7:
V d:
Ch ng + + danh t chung + + / +
V d:
A /
B:
B:<doushite kesa gakkou e ikimasen deshi ta ka><Ti sao sng nay bn khng
28
n trng?>
A:
BAI10
V l do g nn lm ci g .
I. T VNG
,~+ danh t + V
<arimasu> : c ( vt)
V d:
<inu> : con ch
<neko> : con mo
<chikaku> : ch gn y
<mono> : vt
<denchi> : cc pin
<ichiban> : nht
<hako> : ci hp
<danme> : ngn th
<SUICHCHI> : cng tc in
<reizouko> : t lnh
: pha trong
<TE-BURU> : bn trn
<CHIRISO-SU> : tng t
<BEDDO> : ci ging
<tana> : ci k
<DOA> : ca ra vo
II. NG PHP - MU CU
<mado> : ca s
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 1:
<POSUTO> : thng th
Ng Php:
Noun + +
<kissaten> : qun nc
29
Mu Cu:
V d:
<shita> : di
<mae> : trc
<ushiro> : sau
<migi> : bn phi
<hidari> : bn tri
<naka> : bn trong
<soto> : bn ngoi
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 2:
<tonari> : bn cnh
Ng Php:
Cu hi c ci g hay ai khng ?
/ + + /
Tr t <ka>
/ /
hoc l:
(Vng c)
hoc l:
, /
Ch :
(Khng c)
<imasu> v <arimasu>
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 3:
Ng Php:
khng c th phi tr li l:
/ /
<nani / dare mo arimasen / imasen>
30
V d:
Tr t <ga>
<aida ( gia)>
+ + t xc nh v tr + + / + + /
V d:
hoc l:
(Trong ci hp kia c ci g vy ?)
<sono hako no naka ni hasami ga arimasu>
(Trong ci hp kia c ci ko)
V d:
(Trong phng hc ny c ci g vy ?)
Cch 1:
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 4:
arimasu>
Ng Php:
Cch 2:
31
V d:
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 6:
Ng Php:
(Thnh ph H Ni u vy ?)
<arimasu> / <imasu>
Hoc:
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 5:
Ng Php:
<arimasu> / <imasu>
<nin> : ngi
V d:
<ringo> : qu to
Hoc:
<mikan> : qut
<SANDOICHCHI> : sandwich
BI11
<hagaki> : bu thip
I T VNG
<fuutou> : phong b
<kakitome> :gi bo m
<kakarimasu> : mt, tn
32
<funabin> : gi bng ng tu
<hitotsu> : 1 ci ( vt)
<ryoushin> : b m
<futatsu> : 2 ci
<kyoudai> : anh em
<mittsu> : 3 ci
<yottsu> : 4 ci
<itsutsu> : 5 ci
<ane> : ch gi (ti)
<muttsu> : 6 ci
<oneesan> : ch gi (bn)
<nanatsu> : 7 ci
<yattsu> : 8 ci
<kokonotsu> : 9 ci
<imouto> : em gi (ti)
<too> : 10 ci
<imoutosan> : em gi (bn)
<gaikoku> : nc ngoi
<hitori> : 1 ngi
<jikan> : ting, gi ng h
<futari> : 2 ngi
<shuukan> : tun
<nen> : nm
<gurai> : khong
<donokurai> : bao lu
<zenbude> : tt c, ton b
<minna> : mi ngi
Mu Cu - Ng Php 2:
<dake> : ch
<irashshaimase> : xin mi qy khch
* Ng Php:
* Mu Cu:
* V d:
<itterashshai> : (anh) i nh
Mu Cu - Ng Php 3:
<sorekara> : sau
33
* Ng Php:
<O SUTORARIA> : nc c
II NG PHP - MU CU
* Mu Cu:
Khong thi gian + <ni> + V <V masu>
Mu Cu - Ng Php 1:
* Ng Php:
* V d:
<ish shuukan ni san kai nihon go wo benkyoushi masu>
* Mu Cu:
Danh t + + / / / / ... + /
Mu Cu - Ng Php 4:
* Ng Php:
<dono kurai> c s dng hi khong thi gian lm ci g
* V d:
* Mu Cu:
(Gia nh ti c 4 ngi.)
BI12
imasu>
II NG PHP
* V d:
* Ng php 1:
Long
( Xin xem li BI 8 )
* Ng php 2:
<kono gakkou ni sensei ga sanjuu nin gurai imasu>
* V d:
ng sau tr t.
34
* V d:
arimasu ka>
* Ng php 3:
C php ca cu hi so snh:
(Nh ca ti ch c mt ci ti vi.)
C php ca cu tr li:
Noun + + + + Adj +
A B
BI13
II NG PHP
* Ng php 1:
+ + + + ()
<Mono> ( vt) + <ga> + <hoshii> + <desu> + <(ka)>
* Ng php 4:
V d:
<itsu>
<dare>
(By gi bn mun ci g ?)
<desu ka>
<dore> <.......>
35
<watashi wa PAN ga hoshii desu>
(Ti mun c mt bnh m.)
* V d:
* Ng php 2:
+ (, ) + V + + ()
tai> : mun n
V d:
V d:
* Ng php 3:
Noun (ni chn) + <e> +Noun (V khng <masu> + <ni> + <iki
(Anh A mun n mn g vy ?)
V d:
(watashi wa tempura wo tabe tai desu>
(Ti mun n mn tempura)
36
* ng t
<watashi wa nihon e nihongo wo benkyoushi ni iki tai desu>
ng t nhng ph nh nh tnh t)
- V y l tnh t <i> nn ph nh ca n s l:
BI14
(khng mun)
II NG PHP
lm)
l nhng ch sau y:
<e>, <se>, <ke>, <ne>, <te>, <be>.....
* Ng php 1:
<te kei>(TH TE)
V d:
<tabe masu> : n
<ake masu> : m
..........
A CC NHM NG T
1) NG T NHM I
ang hc) .
3) NG T NHM III
V d:
thnh danh t.
37
V d: b <masu>
: hc ---------------> : vic hc
V d:
danh ng t.
V d:
<hanashi masu> : ni chuyn.
2) NG T NHM II
ng t nhm II l nhng ng t c ui l ct <e>(trc <masu> tc
.............
: vi v ------------------------------------------->
V d:
b <masu>, <mi>,(<bi> . Thm <n de>
1) NG T NHM I
Cc bn bit th no l ng t nhm I, v y cng l nhm c cch chia
rc ri nht.
: ung --------------------------------------->
V d:
: c ---------------------- ---------------->
38
: vit -------------------------------->
<kikimasu> : nghe-------------------------------><kiite>
: nghe------------------------------->
<aruki masu> : i b-------------------------------><aruite>
: i b ------------------------------->
V d:
b <masu>,<ri>,(<i> ,(<chi> . Thm <tsu nh v ch te>
V d:
b <masu>, i <ki> thnh <i de>
: bi ---------------------------------------------->
: mua ---------------------------------------->
V d:
: bit ----------------------------------------->
<tabe masu> : n -------------------------------><tabete>
* Nhng ng t c ui l <shi> th ch cn thm <te>
: n ------------------------------->
<ake masu> : m -------------------------------><akete>
V d:
: m ------------------------------->
sau:
: gi ---------------------->
39
s chia nh sau:
: c th--------------------->
: i--------------------------------->
: thc dy---------------------->
<ori masu> : xung (xe)------------------><orite>
2) NG T NHM II
: xung (xe)------------------>
gin nht.
: mn------------------------->
* Ng php 3:
- Din t hnh ng ang lm ( tng t nh th hin ti tip din trong ting
V d:
Anh y m)
V <te> + <imasen> : ph nh
: lm, v --------------------------->
<sanposhi masu>: i do ---------------------------><sanposhite>
V d:
: i do --------------------------->
: hc --------------------------->
: i -------------------->
40
* Ng php 2:
cc bn va mi hc.
(, ng vy)
V <te> + <kudasai> : Yu cu ai lm g .
+
<iie, futte imasen>
V d:
* Ng php 3:
V d:
V d:
(Vng, lm n.)
BI15
II NG PHP
14.
* Ng php 1:
<hai, ii desu>
ai rng h c th lm iu g .
(c ch.)
*
<iie, ikemasen>
V d:
41
<ikemasen> th nu bn tr li l:
* <hai> th i sau n phi l <ii desu> : c php
* Ng php 2:
- Ni vi ai rng h khng c php lm iu g .
V d:
II/ Ng php+Mu cu 2
mt ni no .
*Mu cu:N1 N2 A
N y l danh t, N2 l thuc tnh ca N1, A l tnh t b
ngha cho N2.
*V d:
+
Nht Bn th c nhiu ni.
+HaNoi Pho
H Ni th ph ngon.
IV/ Ng php+Mu cu 4
*Ng php: Cch ni cu i vi tnh t
*Mu cu:
Tnh t ui b thm
Tnh t ui b thm
*V d:
Cn phng ny va rng va sng
C ta va p va tt bng.
BI17
I\ Mu cu yu cu ai khng lm g y.
se l ~V d:
( Khng i ...)
*Cu trc : V
-Cch chia sang th
_Cc ng t thuc nhm I: Tn cng ca ng t l
th tng ng khi chuyn sang th
(Khng ht ...)
BI18
II NG PHP
qu
quen
vi
mt
gio
trnh
khc.
th
( ng lo lng...)
Xin ng ht thuc
43
II\ Mu cu phi lm g :
l g c.
~V d:
V d:
Ti phi lm bi tp
s hc)
----------->
kakimasu---------->kake
------------>
~V d:
----------->
kaku ----------->kake
------------------------->-----------------------------> : a, trao, np
dashimasu dashi dasu
------------>
matsu------------> mate
------------------------>------------------------------> : ng
----------------------->-------------------------------> : gi
----------------------->-------------------------------> : c
yomimasu yomi yomu
A TH NGUYN MU
INHM I
sang ct (u)
44
IINHM II
V d:
V d:
-------------------------------------> :n
tabemasu taberu
------------------------>------------------------------> : ci ra
-----------------------------------> : nh
oboemasu oboeru
C php:
kangaemasu kangaeru
Noun + + V( + + +
Noun +wo + V(jishokei) + koto +ga + dekimasu
V d:
dekimasu dekiru
IINHM II
i vi ng t nhm III, th i ui <shimasu> thnh <suru>
A
A
V d:
45
-------------------------------------------------> : hc
IINg php 2:
benkyoushimasu benkyousuru
-------------------------------------------------> : kt hn
kekkonshimasu kekkonsuru
C php:
-------------------------------------------------> : n (ng t c bit)
kimasu kuru
B NG PHP
INg php 1:
Noun + no + maeni
+ : Cch y........,..............
jikan + maeni
A
A san, goshumi wa nan desu ka
V d:
A :
BI19
II NG PHP
ATH <TA>
DamSen
DamSen
<ta>
46
V d:
IIINg php 3:
+ S thch l g
C php:
Noun + V() + +
III)
Q : A
B NG PHP
C php:
INg php 1:
l......
C php:
V d:
Noun + + V() +
A
<A san, maiban nani wo shimasu ka>
V d:
47
IIINg php 3:
+ Tr nn nh th no .
V d:
trng thi.
HOCHIMINH
cng ty)
HOCHIMINH
n gin l v lch s.
BI20
- Cp trn ca mnh
II - NG PHP
Ng php bi ny l mt ng php cc k cc k quan trng m nu khng hiu
48
<futsuukei>(ng Du)
<mijikaikatachi>
B - Cch chia v mt s im cn ch :
(Sakura)
Khng nh qu kh:
----------------->
V()-----------------> V()
------------------>
----------------->
----------------- >
----------------->
----------------- >
------------------>
----------------->
----------------->
Ph nh hin ti:
----------------->
V()----------> V()
----------------->
49
V d:
----------------->
Ph nh qu kh:
---------------->
V() -------->V()
V<masendeshita>------> V<nakatta>
V d:
----------------->
------------->
--------------- >
-------------->
-------------------->
--------------->
-------------------->
--------------->
------------------------->
--------------->
------------->
<benkyoushimasendeshita> -------- > <benkyoushinakatta> : khng hc
Ph nh hin ti:
Danh t (tnh t <na> + ( ---------------> Danh t (tnh t <na>
+ (
Danh t (tnh t <na> + <ja arimasen> ------------- > Danh t (tnh t <na> + <ja
u th hin c trng ca th .
nai>
V d:
kh...)
-------------------->
------------------->
------------------->
------------------->
50
Khng nh qu kh:
V d:
------------------------>
V d:
----------------------- >
-------------------------->
------------------------- >
<ame desu> -------------------------> <ame da> : ma
---------------------->
---------------------- >
------------------------->
Ph nh qu kh:
----------------->
+ (
Danh t (tnh t <na> + <ja arimasendeshita> -> Danh t (tnh t <na> + <ja
nakatta>
Mt s im cn ch :
V d:
- Khi dng th ngn hi, ngi Nht ln ging cui cu.(Mi tn cui ch l
----------------->
ln ging)
---------------->
V d:
NI BNH THNG HI
---------------->
---------------->
- -------------->
---------------->
51
BI21
V d:
--------------------> : cao
--------------------->
no .
-Cu trc:
V (Th thng thng)+
----------------->
N
-V d:
-----------------> : cao
----------------->
-V d
-Cu trc:
-Cu trc:V
~N~
V N th bn ngh nh th no.
-V d:
-V d:
52
BI22
-Cu trc:
Li dn trc tip
-V d:
Trc ba n th phi ni g?
Trc ba n th ni l [itadakimasu]
B-Truyn li dn gin tip. Ai ni rng l g ..
-Cu trc:
-Xt v d sau:V d 1.
+ y l tm nh.
+ Anh ti chp.
Ni 2 cu n trn bng mnh quan h
--->
y l bc nh anh ti chp.
-Phn tch cu trn s thy
=N1
Mnh b ngha cho N2
N2
V d 2.
y l ci bnh do ba ti lm.
V d 3
y l tin ti nhn c t m.
+H H l ngi ang eo
knh
--> H Ngi ang
eo knh l H
+Minh Minh
Ti n ci bnh do b ti lm
-Mt s v d khc
+
N2
-Xt v d sau:
Hanoi Hanoi
Ti c sinh ra H Ni
Khi chuyn thnh cu s dng mnh quan h s thnh
--> Hanoi
Hanoi
Ni ti sinh ra l H Ni
-Phn tch cu trn th
Mnh b ngha cho N1
N1
Hanoi=N2
-Mt s v d khc:
53
Ci bnh do b ti lm th ngon
+
Ti mun c nh to.
*Tng t IV:
-V d:
54
Ti nay ti c hn gp mt vi bn (ti)
Thm mt s cc v d khac gip cc bn hiu r hn
v Mnh quan h.
-Cu trc:
V ,....
A ,....
A ,....
N ,....
-V d:
Khi qua ng th ch xe t.
+
Khi c bo th eo knh.
+
V(+
-Mu cu: Khi ng t th t in + th sau hnh
ng s ko theo s vic , hnh ng tip theo mt
cch tt nhin.(Thng dng khi ch ng hay hng dn
cch s dng my mc)
-V d:
+
n ci nt ny ri th s c v ra
+
Vn ci nt ny ri th ting s to ln.
BI24
I/Mu cu + Cu truc
Yamada v gip ti ci bn .
** y cng c th lc btrong mu cu trn
m ngha vn khng b thy i
56
--->
II/Mu cu + Cu trc
1/-Mu cu:Khi mnh tng hoc cho ai ci g
-Cu trc:
SN
-V d
+ Thao
Thao
Ti tng bn Tho quyn sch
+Thanh
Thanh
BI25
I/ Mu cu + Cu trc
Nu i b n nh ga th mt khong 30 pht.
~
II/Mu cu + Cu trc
57
-Mu cu V 1 V 2
** D cho .... th vn. c tc dng nhn mnh thm
ca cu vn nhng nu khng c th ngha ca cu vn c
th hiu c.
-Cu trc:
V(-Th ) V 2.
A (A ) V 2.
A (A ) V 2.
N (N ) V 2.
-V d:
+Vi ng t:
~
+Vi tnh t:
~
58
Bn i leo ni .
+
tng s c la cho ai y
+
Bn chp bc nh ny u vy?
3. thanh minh , gii thch l do v li ni hay hnh ng
ca mnh.
+
Ti v hm qua ti au u sut.
+
Ti v nh by gi trt
4.Mu cu V1 V2(Th )
Ngi ni mun lm V1, v nh ngi nghe lm V2 gip
mnh (V2 l hng gii quyt V1)
Bt u ch ca cu chuyn ri tip n l a ra li
yu cu,xin php, hi kin.
+
59
V d:
- C th chi c( nhc c)
- C th bi c
- C th sa c
...
b. Vi cc ng t nhm II: Cc bn ch vic b
nhng ng t nhm ny ri thm
V d
- C th n c
- C th xy c
c. Vi cc ng t nhm III:
- C th n c
-~~~~~~
C th hc
c
C th thnh
cng c
II. Ng php
1. bi 27 ny l cch ni biu th kh nng c th lm
c ci g y hay khng ca mnh hoc ca ngi
khc bng cch s dng th kh nng trn.
**Lu rng tr t ca th kh nng lun lun l
V d:
-
Ti c th n c 10 bt Ramen (M)
2. Mu cu:
~~~V
Ch c mi~~~
60
Mu cu ny c ngha tng ng vi
-V d:
+
-V d
Ti c th nhn r nhng vt nh
+
T nh ca ti c th nhn thy ni
*Vi
61
Tai ca ti khng nghe c( Ti b ic)
5.Mu cu: ~~~
** y khng mang ngha c th m n c ngha
l ci g ang hoc c hon thnh.
V d:
-
y ang xy ci g vy?
-
trng ca anh ti th cng phi hc ting
-
Ti va c sch hng dn va nu n
II/Mu cu:~~V
-Ng php: ng t chia th dng ni v
mt hnh ng xy ra thng xuyn, theo thi quen
-V d:
+
Bn n va c th ni c ting Anh, va c th ni
c ting Nht, hn na li cn gii c chuyn mn.
+
Ca s ang m
Ci ti ny rch
+
Chuyn xe in lc 8 ri th ng
II/ Mu cu + Ng php
-Mu cu V( ng t chia th
-Ng php: Din t vic g c hon tt, hon
thnh xong. N cng c ng ngi ni hi tic v vic
mnh lm, ly lm ng tic v iu ,hoc ph bnh
hnh ng ca ai .
-V d:
+
Ti c ht quyn tp ch ny ri.
+
Ti ln nhm xe but mt ri
+
Ti lm ri v u mt ri.
***Ty thuc vo ng cnh m cu trc trn c hiu
theo ngha hon tt ca mt hnh ng hay s nui tic
ph bnh***
BI30
-Mu cu: N1 N2
-V d:
Vng, thng bo ri
III/Mu cu + Ng php
-V d:
64
II/Mu cu + Ng php
-V d:
BI31
** Th hng - **
2.Vi ng t nhm II
-Cch chuyn: Vi nhng ng t nhm ny ch vic b 65
ri thm vo.
-V d:
+ : n
+ : Nhn
+ : Nh
3. Vi ng t nhm III
-Cch chia: Cng ging nhm II, ch vic b thm
vo sau.
-V d:
+ : C mt
+: i cng
tc
B/ Ng php bi 31
I/ Cu trc + NG php
-Cu trc: V(-Th hng)
-Ng php:
- Dng khi mun r r hoc yu cu ngi nghe ng vi
mnh chuyn g .
-V d:
+
Hy i chi no!
+
NGh mt cht no
+
i mua no.
Ti d nh l s tm vic ti Nht Bn
+
Ti d nh l s hc tp ti nc ngoi.
Vn cha np bo co
+
66
-V
-Ng php: Ch hng r rt, mt quyt nh chc chn
hoc mt k hoch c th do ngi ni ra.
-V d:
+
Gn y v tr nn hi bo mt cht nn ti quyt nh t
by gi s n king
+
.
27 tui ti d nh s kt hn.
+ Hanoi
Hanoi
Ti quyt nh s sng sut H Ni
+
Ti quyt nh s khng tr v nc
chc chn.
-V d:
+
67
Ti nay c l s lnh
+
68
Trng em nay c l s p.
+
C ta c th s khng n cng ty
+
-Cu trc:
V(-Th thng thng) +
V
A
A
N
BI33
+Nhm III:
~~
+Nhm II:
+Nhm III:
Ng php
Hc bi i
-
C ln
-
Chy i
-Dng trong nhng trng hp khn cp, li ni cn
ngn gn v c hiu qu nhanh nh trong c quan nh
my.
-
Tt ngun in i
-
Khng c lm ri
-Dng trong hiu lnh hng dn giao thng,
-
Hy dng li
-
70
Khng c vo
-Cu trc:
+V (+ V2
+V (+ V2
+NV2
-Ng php:
Dng khi a ra ch th i vi ngi nghe,mun ngi
nghe lm theo mt chun mc hay mt quy tc no .
+Khi hnh ng mu c thc hin th s dng cu
trc:
V1 V2
+V d:
-Cu trc: A B
-Ng php: A c ngha l B
-V d:
+
-Cu trc: A
-Ng php: L cch truyn li dn gin tip " A ni rng l
~~~"
-V d:
+Quyen
Quyen
Quyn ni rng ngy mai s n vo lc 5h
+
Hy th nu n theo nh hc ca m i.
+Khi hnh ng mu cha c thc hin, thng i
km vi cc ph t nh th s dng
cu trc:
+V (+ V2
+V d:
T by gi hy vit theo nh li ti ni
71
Hy lm theo nh ti lm.
+Vi danh t th s dng cu trc:
+NV2
+V d:
Hy bm nt theo s.
Hy i theo nh hnh mi tn
V1 () V2
N V2
Ng php: Sau khi lm V1 hoc N th lm V2
+V d:
(Ti) cm ri i ra ngoi
-Cu trc:
V1(V2
-Ng php: Lm V2 trong tnh trng khng lm V1 hay
khng lm V1 m lm V2
-V d:
BI35
A-Th iu kin _
72
B-Ng php
I/Cu trc + Ng php
-Cu trc:
V(
A (
N(
-Ng php: Nu V th..... , din t mi quan h tt yu, ch
iu kin cn thit mt s vic c hnh thnh.
-V d:
Nu l ngi xinh p th ti s ci
+
Nu m tri ma th ng git .
-V d:
+
-Cu trc:
V1V2
V1 V2
-Ng php:Mu cu c ngha " lm c V1(hoc
khng lm V1) th lm V2" V1 ch mc ch , V2 ch hnh
ng c ch thc hin mc ch V1.
V d:
c th n c nhanh th gi ha tc.
Ti c th g my tnh nhanh.
III/Cu trc + Mu cu
-Cu trc:
V
-Ng php: Mu cu ny mang ngha ngc vi mu cu
II,ch s bin i t c th sang khng th.
V d:
Ti khng th c c ch nh
Nhm III:
Vi ng t
V d:
V d:
*Ng php bi 37 vi th b
ng:
I/ Cu trc + Ng php
75
-Cu trc:
N1 N2N V(-th b ng)
-Ng php: N1 b N2 hoc c N2 lm g .
V d:
-
Ti c b trng khen
-
Ti c b trng nh lm vic
-
Ti b ai dm ln chn
Ti b m vt truyn tranh.
II Cu trc + Ng php
-Cu trc:
N1 N2 ( ng t th b ng)
-Ng php:N2 c lm g ti a im N1
-V d
3.
Trin lm c din ra ti Osaka
-V d
in thoi c pht minh bi Graham.Bell.
BI38
I/Cu trc + Ng php
Cu trc: VA
Ng php:Khi ng t th t in cng vi s bin thnh danh t
hay cn gi l danh t ha ng t. Dng din t cm tng,
nh gi i vi ch th ca cu vn v c tc dng nhn mnh vn
mun ni.
V d
-Cu trc:
N1 N2 (ng t b ng)
-Ng php:N1 c lm hay c sng ch bi N2
V d
Ti v tranh th km
khng?
Ti i b th nhanh
+Cu trc: VN
t N,
Ti n th chm
77
V d:
Ti qun mt vic tt in
BI39
1.Cu trc:
V(
V ,
V+
A +
A +
2.Ng php:
N +
2.Ng php:
-->Ngc nhin
do, nguyn nhn mt cch khch quan theo din bin, tnh hung t
--> Yn tm
--> Kh khn
3.V d:
--->vui sng
-->bun b
----> ng tic
V d:
78
c khng?
BI40
1.Cu trc:
-V d;
l : bi ny cc bn s c bit
A./A N
nhng ng ca
V d:
-V d;
Ti nhn c qu t gim c.
Ci tem qu him gh ha
B./A V
79
Cu trc; V ng t th +
V d;
Ng php; Th lm mt hnh ng V
V d;
Ti c c gio dn i Tokyo
i th i giy mi
Th c gng thm mt ln na
A./ A N
BI41
nhng ng ca
V d:
Ti c gim c tng qu
-
BI42
gi, bc
si luc
trn ,pha ln
c n i )
tnh ton
B./ A V
dy
mng
lut s
V d;
nh son nhc
bn tr con
2 ngi ,1 i
gio dc
lch s
80
vn ho
x hi
lut php
V d;
chin tranh
ho bnh
mc ch
an ton
Ti cho con ch n
lut ,l thuyt
B./A V
mi quan h
Lm hnh ng g y cho A
s pha trn
V d:
m un nc
ci nt chai
Ti cho con ch i do
ci m chai
thc n ng hp
nhit k
nguyn vt liu
kim t thp
ti s xy cho gia nh ti mt ci nh
d liu
tp tin
c gng
ng tth ch.
ti sao
lin hp quc
th gi Elize
*
ti tit kim tin c th c c mt ca hng ring(*)
beethoven
phn lan
NG PHP
II> V cho,dng , N
81
Ci ko ny dng ct hoa
s lng
RI c v ang rnh.
s lng
Vd
C ta c v thng minh.
II/Mu cu lm g ri quay tr li
Cu trc:
V
V d:
i gi in mt cht ri quay v
BI43
82
Ti a xe t vo bi u xe ri quay li nn hy ch y nh.
Cu trc:
ng t b
BI 44
Tnh t ui b +
Tnh t ui b +
-Cu trc
-V d
+V(-
+A (-) +
Tri c v sp ma by gi.
+A (+
c v sp ri t trn gi xung.
-V d:
Mn n ny c v ngon.
Ti ung qu nhiu ru
Kh lm c mt vic g y
-V d;
Ti n qu nhiu tht
tokyo th kh sng
Ci vn ny qu kh
i dy ny kh i
Cn phng ny qu hp
Con ng ny hp nn kh li xe
-Cu trc:
V(-) +
D lm 1 ci g
-V d:
83
-Cu trc;
N A ---> A
N A ---> A
Lm mt hnh ng A g
Ci thuc ny d ung
-V d
Ci ko ny d s dng
Lm cho gi h xung
-Cu trc;
V(-) +
hy dn dp sch s trn bn
Lm tng gp i lng nc
-Cu trc
BI45
S N
I/ Mu cu + Ng php
D nh vi S th lm N
- Mu cu :
-V d:
V1( + ~~~
A + ~~~~
A + ~~~~
Lm ba ti vi cm c r ( D nh )
N + ~~~~
th~~~~~
gii quyt
-V d:
Ti chn phng i.
84
113
?113
??
-Cu trc
N A ---> AV~
N A ---> AV~
-V d
Hy vit ch to ln
85